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National Archives at Philadelphia
Home > The National Archives at Philadelphia > The Red Star Line: Changing America's Face and Place in the World
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The Red Star Line: Changing America's Face and Place in the World
In the spring of 2012, the Red Star Line Museum will open in Antwerp, Belgium. The museum will tell the story of the international shipping line, founded in Philadelphia in 1871, as joint venture between Americans and Belgians with ports in Antwerp, Liverpool (UK), Southampton (UK), New York City and Philadelphia. This web portal is created to link the National Archives' Red Star holdings to other efforts related to the museum's opening and to engage the public with a series of significant interconnected events in U.S. and world history regarding transportation, immigration, commerce, and national security that continue to shape America today.
The period immediately following the Civil War saw the development of large industrial and transportation enterprises. These enterprises changed the character of the American merchant marine and corporate maritime activities, as well as made possible the construction of iron-hulled, ocean-going steamships in American shipyards. The prosperous and influential Pennsylvania Railroad Company fostered a significant measure of this transformation. The company provided a $1 million bond guarantee in 1871 that enabled the construction of four transatlantic liners under the International Navigation Company, also known as the Red Star Line. With this move, the railroad sought to expand its operations by providing through-service for immigrants and trade from Europe into the interior of the United States, and compete with its rival the New York Central Railroad transportation services out of New York City. The Pennsylvania Railroad wanted to gain global control of passengers and freight from Europe, either by establishing American-flag steamship lines or by acquiring foreign-flag lines. Within a short few years, the railroad was able to increase its profits by 40%. This vertical integration helped the Pennsylvania Railroad become the largest railroad by traffic and revenue in the U.S. throughout the first two-thirds of the 20th Century. When Congress enabled American-registry of American-owned steamship lines in the 1890's, the federal government not only gave federal protection to the American merchant marine and shipping lines, but also established the country's intent to be a first-class maritime power alongside England and Germany.
The Red Star Line sailed between Philadelphia and Antwerp, Belgium. Its first liner, the Vaderland, carrying passengers and grain, landed in Philadelphia on February 18, 1873. The Pennsylvania Railroad, although seeking to keep quiet as possible its connection to the line, constructed a new terminal at Girard Point for handing petroleum and grain, as well as a large new freight house on Delaware Avenue at Dock Street. This allowed goods imported by Philadelphia merchants from Belgium, Holland and Germany to come directly to the city and no longer enter via the New York Customs House. Within ten years, this development along with that of other companies transformed the Philadelphia waterfront. Passengers on an arriving steamship could disembark, go through customs and board a westbound train within an hour. The Red Star Line weathered the depression of 1873 and added additional ships larger than those previously owned by the company, as well as opened New York-Antwerp service. One of the new ships, the Belgenland, had accommodations for 150 first-class and for 1,000 steerage passengers. The company's first and second class pleasure tourist trade was boosted by America's Centennial Exposition, which created the first great wave of tourism in U.S. history and helped to generate an American middle-class appetite for vacation travel away from home. The Line also served as important transportation for working class people returning to Europe to live.
Steerage, the cheapest transportation option, played an important role in Jewish immigration to the United States from Eastern Europe. Some authorities have credited the Red Star Line for more than 40% of this Jewish immigration that came to North America between 1873 - 1934; most travelling in steerage. Images of these travelers were captured in the works of Belgium artist Eugeen Van Mieghem as he sat in his mother's tavern on the Antwerp docks. The shipping line transported three million immigrants from Antwerp to the United States and Canada and by doing so transformed Antwerp as well as the destination cities of North America, like Philadelphia. Between 1883 and 1889, the line's Antwerp service carried an average 25,000 steerage passenger per year to New York and 40,000 passengers to Philadelphia in 1882 alone. The company's business benefited from the work of many charitable and commercial organizations that aided immigrants arriving from Europe. Among the commercial enterprises were the so-called "ethnic" or "immigrant" banks, conveniently located in Jewish neighborhoods where newly-arrived immigrants settled. These banks were places where recent immigrants could save money and make arrangements to purchase steamship tickets to bring their families across the Atlantic. Some of these businesses evolved into our modern day travel agencies.
The immigrant trade was very profitable for the Red Star Line company and its managers paid particular attention to the facilities offered for these patrons. It was also a major expense for immigrants. A typical second class ticket to cross the Atlantic would cost around $143 and steerage around $25 - $35, the latter being two to three weeks salary for a worker. The Red Star fleet became well-known to the knowledgeable traveling public, whether first and second class or steerage. However, like other shipping lines, the Red Star was hit hard when Congress passed more restrictive immigration regulations starting in 1921 by setting quotas as a result of fears about immigrant political radicalism and labor unrest over exploitive working conditions. Although immigration restrictions affecting Asians were in place since 1875, the new law and subsequent ones limited the number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 2% of the number of people from that country who were already living in the United States in 1890, thus favoring Northern Europeans. The quotas remained in place until the passage of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, which equalized immigration by allowing more immigrants from non-European countries. This latter law, signed by President Lyndon Johnson, has changed the ethnic make-up of America, making the country more diverse today.
Immigration and passenger travel are only one piece of the Red Star Line story. The story is also about America's rise as an international and commercial power by the end of the 19th Century. The early part of the 20th Century saw the development of commercial holding companies with subsidiary shipping and trade companies, as well as ship building companies, with interlocking directorates. The import-export of various products and international mail services were also important aspects of the Red Star Line's business model and prosperity, and is evidenced by the construction of first Red Star liner, the Vaderland. From the ship's keel up, it was designed to carry a combination of passengers, general cargo and petroleum products. Although having passengers and petroleum products together was quickly abandoned, the ship's services always included other valuable commercial cargo. The Red Star Line handled its cargo in Philadelphia through the International Mercantile Marine holding company, the world's largest steamship conglomerate. In 1901 banking magnet J. P. Morgan and Red Star Line President Clement A. Griscom engineered a merger that created the International Mercantile Marine Corporation. This grandiose speculation later collapsed, however.
International mail services, subsidized by national governments, as well as governmental protections and registry played a critical role in the solvency of shipping lines. To address these issues for the Red Star and related companies, Clement A. Griscom, President of the Red Star Line from 1888 - 1902, is credited as instrumental in pressuring Congress in 1890 to change federal policies, subsidies and registration laws and to build an all-American merchant marine that would rival that of Britain and Germany. His efforts were helped by Americans' reviving interest in navies and maritime affairs and a compromise Griscom was able to strike with America's largest ship builder, Charles Cramp, that made possible contracts to the Cramp Shipyard in Philadelphia to construct high-performance vessels exceeding 8,000 gross tons for Griscom's shipping line. Senator William P. Fryre of Maine, a leading proponent of federal aid and protection of American merchant marine, put forward the legislative changes in Congress. Fryre's bill was the first significant piece of legislation to aid the American merchant marine in 32 years. It was followed by subsequent acts of Congress, which resulted in the much needed steps in formulating a United States merchant-marine policy. The new laws had five goals:
To secure regular and quicker service to countries now reached;
To make new and direct commercial exchanges with countries not now reached;
To develop new and enlarge old markets in the interest of producers and consumers under the reciprocity treaties completed and in progress;
To assist the promotion of a powerful naval reserve; and
To establish a training school for American seamen.
On May 10, 1892 Congress authorized American registry of Griscom's shipping line and the company's umbrella name changed to the American Line. 1891 saw the beginning of nautical training at the state level for an officer corps among merchant sailors. Finally, in 1936, Congress passed the landmark Merchant Marine Act and two years later, the U.S. Merchant Marine Cadet Corps was established. The first training was given at temporary facilities until the Academy's permanent site in Kings Point, N. Y. was acquired in early 1942. (Learn about NARA's holdings on the Merchant Marines)
Today, airlines have replaced shipping lines and ocean liners as the primary means for intercontinental travel. Although passenger service has diminished, every hour of every day America's shipping lanes are filled with all types of ships, carrying all types of goods, materials, and merchandise bound for foreign ports or arriving in the U.S. for consumers. Vessels, owned by U.S. companies, registered and operated under the American flag, comprise the U.S. merchant marine. This fleet is a major part of the nation's system of commerce, helping to guarantee access to foreign markets for sale of our manufactured goods. In time of war or national emergency, the U.S. merchant marine is vital to national security and an essential part of American sea power as the "fourth arm of defense," delivering military supplies oversees to the nation's forces and allies. Most recently, the merchant marine crew of the cargo ship Maersk Alabama faced down Somali pirates in the Gulf of Aden.
Learn More - Our Records and Services
Family History at the National Archives at Philadelphia
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Timeline of American Immigration Laws
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Historical Society of Pennsylvania, PhilaPlace. Learn about Jewish immigrants in Philadelphia
The Red Star Museum, Antwerp, Belgium
Eugeen Van Mieghem Museum, Antwerp, Belgium
Friends of the Red Star Line, Philadelphia. Connect to other Red Star families.
Philadelphia City Archives. Search for photos of neighborhoods and Red Star locations.
National Museum of American Jewish History. Learn about the Jewish experience in America.
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The Child's Bath
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Previous: The Weaver
The Child’s Bath
In this work, Mary Cassatt addressed the theme for which she is best known—women and children—while also experimenting with compositional elements of Japanese art. Cassatt saw a large exhibition of Japanese prints at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris in 1890, and produced a series of prints influenced by their aesthetics. The Child’s Bath is the culmination of her investigation of a flattened picture plane and decorative patterning. The intimate scene of everyday life also echoes the subject of many Japanese prints. In Cassatt’s painting, the encircling arms and gentle touch of the mother or nurse convey an overall feeling of protection and tenderness.
Signed lower left: "Mary Cassatt"
Robert A. Waller Fund
Maud Howe Elliot, ed., Art and Handicraft in the Woman’s Building of the World’s Columbian Exposition (Chicago, 1893).
New York Times, Mar. 5, 1895, Supplement, 158, col. 2.
“Pictures by Mary Cassatt at Durand–Ruel,” New York Times, May 18, 1895.
“In the World of Art, Cassatt at Durand–Ruel,” New York Times, May 21, 1895, 13, col. 13.
Brush & Pencil, 6 (July 1900), 182, no. 183.
Sadakichi Hartman. A History of American Art, (Boston: L.C. Page and Company, 1901), vol. 2, 188, as The Toilet.
“The Cassatt Oils and Pastels at Durand–Ruel,” New York Times, Nov. 6, 1903, 7, col. 1.
Wynford Dewhurst, Impressionist Painting, Its Genesis and Development (London, 1904), 75–77.
Brush and Pencil 15 (Mar.1905), 165, as The Toilet.
“Miss Cassatt’s ‘Triumphs of Uncomeliness,’” New York Times, Aug. 25, 1907, Section V, 8, col. 1.
Minutes Book of the Art Committee Meeting of Jan. 15, 1910, 45–46.
“Paintings by Miss Cassatt,” New York Times, Mar. 6, 1910, Section III, 2, col.5.
The Bulletin of The Art Institute of Chicago 3 (1910), 61.
General Catalogue of Objects in the Museum, 287 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1910), 188.
Achille Segard, Mary Cassatt, un Peintre des Enfants et des Meres, (Paris, Librairie Ollendorff, 1913), 52.
General Catalogue of Objects in the Museum 287 (Art Institute of Chicago, 1913), 130.
Handbook of Paintings and Drawings (Art Institute of Chicago, 1920), 50, cat. 507.
Guide to Paintings of the Permanent Collection (Art Institute of Chicago, 1925), 93 (ill.).
New York Times, June 27, 1926, Section IV, 14, col. 1.
New York Times, June 16, 1927, 25, col. 3. Obituary.
Edith Valerio, Mary Cassatt, (Paris: Editions G. Cres & Cie, 1930), no. 5.
Forbes Watson, Mary Cassatt, (Whitney Museum of Art, American Artists Series, 1932. La Toilette, ill. pl. 77.
The Bulletin of The Art Institute of Chicago 27 (1933), 118.
Magazine of Art, 34 (June 1941), 295 (ill.).
“Paintings in the United States and the Santa Barbara Museum of Art,” Apollo, 34 (Sept. 1941), 55–58.
“The Toilet,” Art Digest 16 (Dec. 15, 1941), 8–9, ill. cover.
Time Magazine, Dec. 14, 1941, ill. as Mother and Child.
Pictures on Exhibit 5 (Dec. 1941), 2 (ill.), as La Toilette.
Life 12 (Jan. 19, 1942), 54–56 (ill.).
John Walker et al., Great American Paintings from Smibert to Bellows, 1729–1924, (Oxford University Press, 1943), pl. 77.
Margaret Breunig, Mary Cassatt, (Hyperion Press, 1944), 69 (ill.).
Edward Alden Jewell, French Impressionists, (Hyperion Press, Random House, 1944), pl. 89.
Emporium 101 (Jan. 1945), 33 (ill.).
Art Digest (Nov. 15, 1947).
Emporium 107 (Feb. 1948), 88 (ill.).
James Thomas Flaexner, A Short History of American Painting, (Mifflin Company, 1950), pl. 26.
The Bulletin of The Art Institute of Chicago 48 (Feb. 1954), 4–8 (ill.).
Revista de Arte 5 (Mar./Apr. 1955), 286, no. 3 (ill.).
Daniel M. Mendelowitz, A History of American Art, (Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., 1960), 451, pl. 16B.
Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 1961), 69, no. 369.
The Pocket History of American Painting (New York, 1962), pl. 26.
American Artists, 26 (Jan. 1962), 54 (ill.).
Julia M. H. Carlson, Mary Cassatt (McKay Company, Inc., 1966), 89 (ill.).
Samuel M. Green, American Art, A Historical Survey (Ronald Press, 1966), 384 (ill.).
Frederick Sweet, Miss Mary Cassatt, Impressionist from Pennsylvania (University of Oklahoma Press, 1966), 156 (ill.).
Frederick Sweet, “Paintings and Pastels by Mary Cassatt,” Museum Studies 2 (1967), 33–49, fig. 7.
Richard McLanathan, The American Tradition in the Arts (Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1968), 332 (ill.).
James Thomas Flaexner, Nineteenth Century American Painting (Putnam’s Sons, 1970), 240 (ill.).
Russell Lynes, The Art Makers of Nineteenth Century America (Atheneum, 1970), 445 (ill.).
John E. Bullard, Mary Cassatt, Oils and Pastels (National Gallery of Art/Watson–Guptil Publications, 1972), pl. 16.
Donelson Hoopes, The American Impressionists (Watson–Guptil Publication, 1972), 37 (ill.).
“The Vincent Price Treasury of American Art,” Country Beautiful (1972), 169 (ill.).
E. John Bullard, “An American in Paris,” American Artist (Mar. 1973), 40–47.
“American Paintings at the Art Institute of Chicago, Part II: The Nineteenth Century,” Magazine Antiques (Nov. 1973), 904 (ill.).
Nancy Hale, Mary Cassatt (Doubleday and Company, 1975), 192 (ill.).
Milton W. Brown, American Art to 1900 (Abrams, 1977), 569, pl. 67.
Guy Hubbard and Mary J. Rouse, Art: Choosing and Expressing (Benefic Press, 1977), 37 (ill.).
John Maxon, The Art Institute of Chicago (Thames and Hudson, 1970), 104–05 (ill.).
The Art Institute of Chicago: One Hundred Masterpieces, (Art Institute of Chicago/Rand McNally and Company, 1978), pl. 115.
Jay Roudebush, Mary Cassatt, (Crown Publishers, 1979), 49 (ill.).
Chicago Historical Society, “The Collections,” Chicago History, 9, 1 (Spring 1979), 34–36 (ill.).
Pocketguide to The Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 1983), 38, no. 52.
William H. Gerdts, American Impressionism, (Abbeville Press, 1984), 43, no. 29.
Milo M. Naeve, “The Edwardian Era and Patrons of American Art at the Art Institute of Chicago: The Birth of a Tradition,” America’s International Exposition of Fine Arts and Antiques (Lakeside Group, 1988), 23, fig. 5.
Tom Armstrong, “The New Field–McCormick Galleries in the Art Institute of Chicago,” Magazine Antiques 134, 4 (Oct. 1988), 822–35, pl. XIV.
Master Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago (Little, Brown, and Company, 1988) p. 99 (ill.).
Lita Solis–Cohen, “Chicago Shows Off—Tastefully,” Maine Antique Digest (Dec. 1988), 12B–15B (ill.).
“Tempo Women,” Chicago Tribune, Sec. 6C, Apr. 21, 1991, 7 (ill.).
Mahonri Sharp–Young, American Realists, Homer to Hopper (Watson–Guptill, 1977), n.pag. (ill.).
Judith A. Barter et al., American Arts at The Art Institute of Chicago: From Colonial Times to World War I (Art Institute of Chicago, 1998), 262–65, no. 1893.
Judith A. Barter et al., The Age of American Impressionism: Masterpieces from the Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2011), no. 24.
Thomas J. Bussey, “What Can Biochemistry Students Learn About Protein Translation? Using Variation Theory to Explore the Space of Learning Created by Some Common External Representations” (PH. D. diss., University of Nevada Las Vegas, 2013)., 9–10, fig. 5.
Ken Johnson, “Paul Durand–Ruel, the Paris Dealer Who Put Impressionism on the Map,” New York Times, July 22, 2015 (ill.).
Paintings at the Art Institute of Chicago: Highlights of the Collection, (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2017) p. 78.
Paris, Galeries Durand–Ruel, Exposition de Tableaux, Pastels et Gravures de Mary Cassatt, Nov–Dec 1893, cat. 1, as La Toilette de l’Enfant.
New York City, Durand–Ruel Galleries, Exposition of Paintings, Pastels and Etchings by Miss Mary Cassatt, Apr 16–30, 1895, cat. 21, as La Toilette.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Sixty–Seventh Annual Exhibition, Jan 10–Feb 22, 1898, cat. 62, as The Toilet, lent by Messrs. Durand–Ruel and Sons.
Cincinnati Museum Association, Seventh Annual Exhibition of American Art in the Art Museum, May 19–Jul 9, 1900, cat. 13, as La Toilette, lent by M. Durand–Ruel, New York.
New York City, Durand–Ruel Galleries, Exhibition of Paintings and Pastels by Mary Cassatt, Nov 5–21, 1903, cat. 6, as La Toilette.
Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Inaugural Exhibition, Jan 7–Feb 7, 1915, cat. 151, as The Toilet.
Art Institute of Chicago, Memorial Collection of the Works of Mary Cassatt, Dec 21, 1926–Jan 24, 1927, cat. 29, as The Toilet.
Pittsburgh, Carnegie Institute, A Memorial Exhibition of the Work of Mary Cassatt, Mar 15–Apr 15, 1928, cat. 38 or 39, as The Toilet.
Art Institute of Chicago, A Survey of American Art, Jul 21–Oct 9, 1932, as La Toilette.
Cleveland Museum of Art, Ohio, Exhibition of American Painting from 1860 until Today, Jun 23–Oct 4, 1937, cat. 27, as The Toilet.
Brooklyn Museum, Leaders of American Impressionism: Mary Cassatt, Childe Hassam, John H. Twachtman, J. Alden Weir, Oct 1937, cat. 22, as La Toilette.
New York City, Museum of Modern Art, Art in Our Time, May 1–Sep 25, 1939, cat. 48, as The Toilet.
Santa Barbara Museum of Art, California, Painting Today and Yesterday in the United States, Jun 5–Sep 1, 1941, cat. 23, as La Toilette.
Baltimore Museum of Art, Mary Cassatt, Nov 28, 1941–Jan 11, 1942, cat. 25, as The Toilet.
New York City, Wildenstein Company, Oct 29–Dec 6, 1947, A Loan Exhibition of Mary Cassatt for the Benefit of the Goddard Neighborhood Center, cat. 25, p. 32, as The Toilet.
Des Moines Art Center, Jun–Jul, 1948, Nineteenth and Twentieth Century European and American Art, cat. 16, as La Toilette.
Springfield, Mass., Museum of Fine Arts, Fifteen Fine Paintings, Oct 7–Nov 7, 1948, no cat., as La Toilette.
New York City, Wildenstein and Company, Landmarks in American Art, 1670–1950, Feb 26–Mar 28, 1953, cat. 38, as La Toilette.
Art Institute of Chicago, Sargent, Whistler and Mary Cassatt, Jan 14–Feb 25, 1954, cat. 19, as The Bath.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, The One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary Exhibition, Apr 22–May 3, 1956, cat. 119, as The Bath.
Milwaukee, Brooks Memorial Union, Marquette University, Seventy–Fifth Anniversary Exhibition, Festival of the American Arts, Apr 22–May 3, cat. 12, as The Bath.
Detroit Institute of Arts, Painting in America, The Story of 450 Years, Apr 23–Jun 9, 1957, cat. 122, as The Bath.
New York City, M. Knoedler and Company, The Paintings of Mary Cassatt, Feb 1–26, 1966, cat. 21, as The Bath.
New York City, Whitney Museum of American Art, Art of the United States: 1670–1966, Sep 28–Nov 27, 1966, cat. 39, as The Bath.
Omaha, Joslyn Art Museum, Mary Cassatt Among the Impressionists, Apr 10–Jun 1, 1978, cat. 4, as The Bath (La Toilette).
New York City, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Nineteenth–Century America: Paintings and Sculpture, Apr 16–Sep 7, 1970, cat. 169, as La Toilette.
Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Mary Cassatt, 1844–1926, Sep 27–Nov 8, 1970, cat. 49, as The Bath.
Newport Beach, Newport Harbor Art Museum, Mary Cassatt 1844–1926, Dec 12, 1973–Jan 20, 1974, cat. 7, ill., as The Bath.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Mary Cassatt at Home, Aug 5–Sep 24, 1978, cat. 19, as The Bath.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, A New World, Masterpieces of American Painting, 1790–1910, Sep 7–Nov 13, 1983, cat. 94; traveled to Washington, DC, Corcoran Art Gallery, Dec 7, 1983–Feb 12, 1984, Paris, Grand Palais, Mar 16, 1984–Jun 11, 1984.
Fort Worth, Amon Carter Museum, American Painters of Modern Life, Aug 22–Oct 30, 1994; traveled to New York City, Metropolitan Museum of Art, May 2–Jul 24, 1994, Denver Art Museum, Nov 28, 1994–Feb 5, 1995, Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Mar 6–May 14, 1995.
Omaha, Joslyn Art Museum, On View to the World: Paintings at the Trans–Mississippi Exposition, May 30–Sep 6, 1998.
Art Institute of Chicago, Mary Cassatt: Modern Woman, Oct 13, 1998–Jan 10, 1999, cat. 72; Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Feb 14–May 9, 1999, National Gallery, Washington DC, Jun 6–Sep 6, 1999.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765–1915, Oct 12, 2009–Jan 24, 2010; traveled to Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Feb 28–May 23, 2010.
Paris, Musee d’Orsay, Paul Durand–Ruel: Defender of the Impressionists, Oct 15, 2014–Feb 8, 2015; traveled to London, National Gallery, Mar 4–May 31, 2015; Philadelphia Museum of Art, Jun 18–Sep 13, 2015, cat. 4.
The artist; sold to Durand-Ruel, Paris, November 24, 1893 [Paris 2015]; sold to Harris Whittemore, Connecticut, January 17, 1894 [Paris 2015]; sold by him back to Durand-Ruel, New York, February 4, 1899 [Paris 2015]; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, 1910.
Art Access: Impressionist and Post-Impressionist Art
Tips for Teachers and Parents: Body Language: How to Talk to Students About Nudity in Art
After the Bullfight, 1873
On a Balcony, 1878/79
New England Headlands, 1899
Woman at Her Toilette, 1875/80
Henry Ossawa Tanner, 1891/96
Hermann Dudley Murphy
Coast of Maine, 1893
In the Café, 1882/84
Fernand Lungren
Boats on the Beach at Étretat, 1885
The Laundress, 1877/79
The Essex Canal, c. 1896
Albert Pinkham Ryder
Nantasket Beach, 1876
Emil Carlsen
On the Seine, c. 1895
Homer Dodge Martin
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Polish Antisemitism Is Serious, but Yair Lapid Is Overreaching
by Ben Cohen / JNS.org
Jews from all over the world participate in the “March of the Living,” seen at the Auschwitz-Birkenau camp site in Poland, as Israel marks annual Holocaust Memorial Day on April 16, 2015. Photo: Yossi Zeliger/Flash90.
JNS.org – Over the last year, Yair Lapid, the co-chair of Israel’s opposition Blue and White Party, has made several outspoken statements about Poland, Polish antisemitism, and the Holocaust. Each time, his message has been the same: Poland is playing a deceitful game by denying the complicity of many ordinary Poles in the Nazi extermination of the Jews; contemporary antisemitism in Poland is reflective of a hatred of Jews going back centuries; any Israeli politician who refuses to recognize this reality is dishonoring the victims of the Holocaust.
All of this has taken place against the background of a government-led offensive in Poland aimed at establishing an immovable doctrine: that the three million Polish Jews murdered during World War II are the responsibility of the Germans alone; Poles suffered as much as the Jews did from the German occupation; and Poles tried to protect Jews whenever the opportunity allowed. Legislation approved by the Polish parliament in 2018 effectively makes it a crime to discuss the notion of Polish collusion with the Nazi regime.
Lapid’s emergence as the loudest voice in Israel opposing Polish revisionism is based partly on his having grown up in a family that was scarred, like nearly everyone else’s, by the Holocaust. Like most of us, he takes the Holocaust personally. But there is also a political calculation involved. Lapid’s nemesis, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, has looked vulnerable on the issue of Poland, having been criticized by, among others, the famed Holocaust historian Yehuda Bauer for allegedly compromising the integrity of the Shoah for the sake of a closer strategic and economic relationship with the nationalist government in Warsaw.
Lapid’s point was inadvertently demonstrated by Netanyahu himself last February. In an off-handed attempt to prove that Poland wasn’t really policing the discourse around the Holocaust as zealously as some were suggesting, Netanyahu told reporters on a visit to Warsaw that no one disputed that “Poles cooperated with Nazis.” This comment resulted in a furious response from the Polish government, with Polish Prime Minister Mateusz Marowiecki promptly announcing that he would boycott a summit in Jerusalem the following week involving Israel, Poland, and three other central European countries.
Since then, the antisemitic atmosphere in Poland has worsened. A common theme in the media is the claim that the Jews are invoking the specter of Polish guilt as a prelude to forcing Poland into passing a law giving restitution for the individual assets of Polish Jews that were stolen during the war — an act that Polish nationalists would regard as a treacherous abandonment of the principle that Germany, and Germany alone, was and remains responsible for the fate of the Jews.
Then there were the Easter celebrations of two weeks ago — an eerily disturbing reminder, as Jews around the world celebrated Passover, of how persistent the presence of antisemitism in Poland is, from ordinary rural folk all the way to the upper echelons of the Catholic Church. In the small town of Pruchnik, we were treated to the spectacle of a group of adults and young children dragging an antisemitic effigy of Judas through the streets, while Catholic Bishop Andrzej Jeż dedicated his Holy Thursday sermon to blaming alleged Jewish control of the media for the myriad stories of sexual abuse in the Church.
So there is little for reason for Jews to feel positive about Poland at the moment, and doubtless there are many in our community who wholeheartedly endorse Lapid’s latest attacks on Poland’s war record last Friday.
In an interview with a Polish news outlet, Lapid made the following comments: “Poles cooperated in creating and running extermination camps” and “Poles handed over Jews to the Germans and thus sent them to death.”
Later on, he continued: “There were many Polish Righteous Among the Nations who saved Jews, and we are grateful to them for all time. But can you pretend that there were no Polish helpers in the extermination camps? Of course, they were!” And finally, there was this: “It is no coincidence that the Nazis created their center of extermination in Poland. They knew that the Polish population would help them.”
Some of these statements are true and can be illustrated with historical documentation — for example, the betrayal of at least 60,000 Jews to the Gestapo by their Polish neighbors. But the more dramatic claims made by Lapid here have little basis in historical truth, and repeating them only damages the fight against Polish historical revisionism.
No one denies that there was a powerful antisemitic political movement in Poland between World War I and World War II, as was the case in many countries of Europe. But when the Nazis occupied Poland, they diverged from their practice elsewhere on the continent by directly administering the country. As a result, there was no Polish equivalent of Pétain in France or Quisling in Norway. Nor did you find Poles serving in the SS, as was the case with Ukrainians or Lithuanians. Nor was there a Polish pro-Nazi paramilitary, like the Ustaša in Croatia or the Arrow Cross in Hungary. Yet Lapid claims nonetheless that the Polish nation bears the lion’s share of Holocaust guilt.
The idea that the Nazis situated the six main extermination camps in Poland solely because of the country’s native tradition of antisemitism is also fanciful and needlessly insulting. The reasoning in Berlin, if one can call it that, was based far more on strategic considerations. Poland had the largest single population of Jews on the continent, 2.9 million — in other words, about half of the total number of Holocaust victims. By Nazi standards, slaughtering them in their home country was all very efficient.
Secondly, Poland’s relatively advanced rail system and its central location in Europe influenced the Nazi extermination planners.
Finally, and this is something that Lapid should think about, the trains that carried Jews to the slaughter had to leave from somewhere else before arriving at one of those extermination camps in Poland. The trains came bearing Jews from Paris, Amsterdam, Budapest, Salonika, and all other points of the compass; cities and towns where their neighbors saw their Jewish fellow citizens dragged from their homes and schools, to be herded to their deaths in Poland. Why are the Poles more guilty for watching the victims arrive than are the Dutch or the Greeks who watched them leave?
The fact that it is Poland that has chosen to weaponize the Holocaust during its current nationalist resurgence doesn’t license us to be cavalier with the truth, to make vague or inaccurate statements, or to repeat falsehoods that can be simply disproved. The moral high ground is always where the truth can be found.
Ben Cohen is a New York City-based journalist and author who writes a weekly column on Jewish and international affairs for JNS.
New Trailer Released for Netflix Film About Mossad Operation to Smuggle Ethiopian Jews to Israel
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The fine print of Palestinian statehood
What does the UN fine print - which promoted Palestine as a non-member observer state - really mean?
by Nadia Hijab
The PLO/PA's apparent interest in reviving itself provides opportunities for Palestinian civil society and its allies to hold the leadership accountable for Palestinian rights [GALLO/GETTY]
Congratulations are raining as friends of the Palestinians respond with delight to the United Nations' resounding "Yes!" to Palestine's non-member observer state status as of November 29, 2012. But before giving free rein to their excitement, the Palestinian people - and their allies - should read the actual text of the resolution.
Many Palestinians did not read the Oslo Accords Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) signed in the 1990s. If they had, they might have noticed that the Accords did not mention international law and human rights, did not provide for a state and did not even mention the "occupation". Plus, the accords tied the Palestinian economy into knots that Israel could tighten or loosen at will.
The same leadership that signed those accords now believes the UN upgrade will put the Palestinian struggle for self-determination, freedom, equality and justice back on track.
Perhaps. There may be some openings yet the reasons for apprehension are legion, as is shown by a reading of the text.
The resolution itself is a messy text (based on the penultimate copy of the document circulated the day before submission) stuffed with references to past UN resolutions, statements and peace processes. But that is not so worrying in and of itself.
What is truly alarming is that, despite repeated assertions by the Palestinian leadership that they are determined to protect the rights of Palestinian refugees, the brief reference to the cornerstone UN Resolution 194 (III) is buried in the preambular paragraphs. In the operative paragraphs, "the Palestine refugees" are just one of the core issues that must be resolved, along with Jerusalem, settlements, border, security and water.
Latest analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Resolved, how? The resolution enshrines the 2002 Arab peace initiative, which speaks of a "just and agreed upon" solution for the Palestinian refugees, in operative paragraph 5. This effectively reaffirms Israel's control of any solution, an Israel that has never allowed the refugees to return and that continues to this day to dispossess the Palestinians in pre-1967 Israel and the occupied territory. Thus, the UN resolution gives ever-more formal sanction to disposing of the majority of the Palestinian people.
Another worrying factor is the repeated references to a peace process so discredited that it is long past time to bury and not to praise it.
Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that the operative paragraphs make no direct reference to the Oslo Accords. Rather, they refer to the "relevant United Nations resolutions, the Madrid terms of reference, including the principle of land for peace, the Arab peace Initiative and the Quartet Roadmap".
Is this a positive sign? Perhaps.
Another potentially positive sign is the affirmation, in operative paragraph 2, that the new status would be "without prejudice to the acquired rights, privileges and role" of the PLO at the UN. Many Palestinians feared that the UN bid would come at the expense of PLO representation of the entire Palestinian people, under occupation, refugees and in Israel.
Yet in practice can Palestinians be represented by both a state and the PLO? Despite the careful wording of the resolution, a Palestinian negotiator said in private exchanges that "state representation (entity)... overrides the PLO representation" and that an ambassador would be representing the state of Palestine. The negotiator also said the PLO is "the interim government representing the state and not the entity represented that is Palestine".
Clear? Not so much. It seems that the ambassador of Palestine would represent those Palestinians in the state of Palestine, that is, not all Palestinians, with the PLO's position unclear.
The Palestinians' political reality is even more worrying than the resolution's language. Not only did this same leadership sign the disastrous Oslo Accords, it stood helplessly by as Israel more than doubled its illegal settlers since 1993 with no signs of stopping its rampant colonisation.
Freedom from occupation
In addition, the Fatah-Hamas 2007 split has greatly weakened the Palestinian national movement. Even if they reconcile, as they seem determined to do in the wake of Israel's assault on Gaza this month, this is not necessarily cause for celebration. There is nothing democratic about either faction. Although Hamas does hold internal elections, both have brutally oppressed dissent rather than encouraging true Palestinian representation.
"If Israel cuts aid to the PA, it will have to manage its own occupation. If the US cuts aid to the PA, it will lose its clout over the Palestinian agenda."
In the final analysis, it boils down to a question of trust. True, the PLO did not bend to British demands that, among other things, it did not agree to join the International Criminal Court for a "Yes" vote (Britain abstained.) But it has squandered the huge resources at its disposal to lead civil resistance to the Israeli trampling of Palestinian rights. It did not make use of the International Court of Justice Advisory Opinion to hold other states accountable for their support of Israel's occupation.
It tried to torpedo the Goldstone Report after Cast Lead. It adopted a weak, limited boycott of Israeli settlement goods only after the rest of the world responded powerfully to the Palestinian civil society 2005 Call for boycott, divestment and sanctions (BDS); and the Ramallah-based Palestinian Authority (PA) took on the role of Israel's policeman.
Can such a leadership really lead the Palestinians to freedom from occupation, justice for the refugees and equal rights for the Palestinian citizens of Israel? Can it take advantage of the ICC and ICJ, and other UN conventions and bodies to protect its waters, airspace and people? The jury is out.
The biggest ray of sunshine on the horizon is the virulent opposition to the UN bid by the Israeli and American governments. In fact, they have been boxed in. If Israel cuts aid to the PA, it will have to manage its own occupation. If the US cuts aid to the PA, it will lose its clout over the Palestinian agenda.
Furthermore, the PLO/PA's apparent interest in reviving itself provides opportunities for Palestinian civil society and its allies to hold the leadership accountable for Palestinian rights. But first, it would be good to read that document, to know just what to hold it accountable for.
Nadia Hijab is the director of Al-Shabaka, The Palestinian Policy Network. She is also a public speaker, writer and media commentator.
Nadia Hijab
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Blackface, white mask: Racism as psychosis
What the blackface scandals in the US tell us about the state of white supremacy.
by Hamid Dabashi
Virginia Governor Ralph Northam is under fire for a racial photo that appeared in his college yearbook [File: Steve Helber/AP]
One more time, as if we needed any more evidence, the depth of the incurable racism at the heart of American society, culture and politics has come on full display. The Democratic Governor of Virginia, Ralph Northam, recently acknowledged he appeared in an old yearbook photo showing one man wearing a Ku Klux Klan (KKK) costume and another donning blackface.
The governor did not elaborate which one would have been more offensive to human decency - to pose as a member of the racist KKK or to mock and ridicule the victims of the KKK.
He, however, is not the only high-ranking Democratic Party official with such illustrious racist history. Shortly after Northam scandal erupted, Mark R Herring, the attorney general of Virginia and a member of the Democratic Party, also admitted that he had worn blackface at a college party.
Although both Northam and Herring apologised, there are quite a few American politicians who see nothing wrong with blackface. For example, when former Democratic New York State Assemblyman Dov Hikind faced criticism in 2013 for wearing blackface and an Afro wig at a Jewish holiday Purim party, he called it "political correctness to the absurd".
But it's not just the American political class that has a penchant for racist costumes, Hollywood too enjoys featuring them in its films. There is a long list of Hollywood productions in which blackface has figured prominently: from "Birth of a Nation" (1915), all the way to "Tropic Thunder" (2008).
Indeed, the United States as a whole has a long history of white men wearing blackface to mock, ridicule, and denigrate black people which goes back to the 19th century and which, as we see, is still perfectly alive and well.
But its present-day form and resurgence demonstrate not only the persistent racism within the American society, but also the existential crisis white supremacy is going through at the moment.
Black, brown, red skin
In Black Skin, White Masks (1952), anti-colonial writer Frantz Fanon offered a classical critique of the dehumanising effect of racism operating at the roots of a colonial conquest and its contingent cultural domains. He analysed how western colonialism and racist power relations have compelled people of colour to see themselves through the lens of white supremacy - ie donning a "white mask".
Identifying this dangerous tendency, he called for liberation from this destructive self-image: "The black is a black man; that is, as the result of a series of aberrations of affect, he is rooted at the core of a universe from which he must be extricated. The problem is important. I propose nothing short of the liberation of the man of color from himself."
In my Brown Skin, White Mask (2011) I extended Fanon's argument to look into the fate of brown immigrant intellectuals who put themselves at the service of a dysfunctional empire and become its native mis/informers. Instead of adding any momentum to the progressive politics of their adopted countries, these comprador intellectuals side with the ruling ideologies of reactionary, racist, and predatory imperialism.
Later in his Red Skin, White Masks: Rejecting the Colonial Politics of Recognition (2014), Canadian scholar Glen Sean Coulthard challenged the very idea of "recognition" of the indigenous peoples in liberal politics. In between the state and indigenous peoples, Coulthard proposed, a mere acknowledgement of the terror settler colonialism had perpetrated on First Nations not only amounts to very little but in fact derails a more substantive reconstruction and redeployment of denied and denigrated cultures towards a progressive politics.
These two and other works go back to Fanon's originary idea: "I am a man and what I have to recapture is the whole past of the world, I am not responsible only for the slavery involved in Santo Domingo, every time man has contributed to the victory of the dignity of the spirit, every time a man has said no to an attempt to subjugate his fellows, I have felt solidarity with his act."
That is, the struggle for liberation from the bondage of racism and slavery is geared towards the liberation of the entirety of the human soul, not just its native location. In this sense, Fanon is as much responsible for the liberation of Iran as I am for the liberation of the Caribbean and Coulthard for the liberation of Palestine.
This is also what American author and activist James Baldwin meant when he said: "When you try to stand up and look the world in the face like you had the right to be here, when you do that, without knowing this is the result of it, you have attacked the entire power structure of the Western World."
But this self-universalisation, while being liberating for the person of colour, is seen as threatening by "the white man".
Reinventing white power
It scares "the white man" for by historical habit he considers himself the epicentre of the universe, and the rest of humanity being there only to corroborate this delusional centrality. For him, this is a struggle for existence. It is either him or the rest of the world.
Used in racialised habits, practices, and assumptions, "black" is a social construct, not a factual colour. By donning blackface and engaging in a variety of other racist acts, the "white man" seeks to erase that social fact and turn the colour into a marker of imagined inferiority. In this way, he anxiously seeks to secure the power hierarchy of his world and reaffirm his centrality in it.
Immanuel Kant, the father of "Western Enlightenment", the very author of "Answering the question: What is Enlightenment?" (1784), captured this racist anxiety succinctly in his short treatise "Observations on the Feeling of the Beautiful and Sublime" (1764). There he wrote about a black carpenter having said something worth considering and then readily dismissed it: "It might be that there was something in this which perhaps deserved to be considered; but in short, this fellow was very black from head to foot, a clear proof that what he said was stupid."
Kant's racism was not accidental to his philosophy. It was and remains definitive to it. No person of colour could be anything but stupid for Kant, for, if he were to be recognised as a knowing subject, that would dismantle his entire philosophical project.
Thus, "the white man" must stage himself, from his philosophy to his fashion, from his theatre to his cinema to his art and culture, in the denigration and ridicule of the man of colour in order to believe himself.
Therefore, that blackface being still a persistent feature of US or European culture demonstrates not only that "the white man" is still celebrating his presumed racist superiority, staging the power to mimic, the permission to mock, in order to cross-authenticate his delusions, but also that he is dead worried about the loss of his inexplicable and unwarranted privileges.
The myth of "the white man" was coterminous with the rise of European colonialism and the subsequent spread of American imperialism around the globe. After generations of anti-colonial struggle and critical thinking, the ideological foregrounding of that racist assumption has now crumbled. "The white man" is increasingly aware he has been riding a delusional dragon, that he is the pathological myth of the colonial settler ruling from the Americas to Palestine. And this is scaring him witless.
The views expressed in this article are the author's own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera's editorial stance.
Hamid Dabashi is the Hagop Kevorkian Professor of Iranian Studies and Comparative Literature at Columbia University.
@ HamidDabashi
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Cyclone strikes northern Fiji
Daman misses heavily populated areas of the South Pacific nation as it moves away.
Fiji disaster management officials lost all contact with Cikobia as the cyclone hit the island with winds at its centre gusting to 250kph.
"Some 65 people evacuated to caves (on Cikobia) and houses were flattened this morning, but we have no reports of any deaths or injuries," Donu said.
Cikobia, a small northern island, has a population of about 100 people.
Houses destroyed
"There's a lot of destruction of houses, vegetation and garden crops," Viliame Puimanu, disaster management office spokesman, said.
A government patrol boat with emergency supplies was to travel to the island on Saturday afternoon, and an aircraft was being sent to carry out an aerial survey, he said.
People in the Lomaiviti and Lau island groups and on Vanua Levu, Fiji's second main island, escaped serious damage and there have been no reports of injury so far, he noted.
"It's very much a huge relief, especially since there's no major damage to most of the country's northern region," Puimanu said.
As Daman struck the Labasa area of northern Vanua Levu, landslides sparked by heavy rain closed some highways, flooding hit low-lying areas, and strong winds destroyed trees.
Donu said by the time the cyclone reaches the Tongan islands "its wind intensity will be down to storm force - 50 to 60 knots (88-106 kph; 55-66 mph) and gusting up to 105 knots (185 kph; 115 mph).
"At that point it will be a Category 3 storm," she said.
Donu said Tonga "should also expect heavy rain at times and squally thunderstorms".
About 110,000 people live on Tonga's three main island groups of Vavau, Haapai and Tongatapu.
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Katie Hargrave
Katie Hargrave / May 30, 2017 by Altered Esthetics
Katie Hargrave is featured artist in Altered Esthetic’s exhibition, Earth Works, on view at The Southern Theater from June 9, 2017 - July 2, 2017. In this exhibit, sixteen artists explore the implicit presence of land and earth in our everyday lives. Earth Works will be on view during Northern Spark 2017 (June 10), the Public Reception will be held on June 23 (RSVP on Facebook).
Katie Hargrave is a multi-disciplinary artist based in Chattanooga, TN. She received her MFA in Intermedia Art from the University of Iowa, MA from Brandeis University, and BFA from the University of Illinois. In addition to working with the collaborative groups, “The Think Tank that has yet to be named” and “Like Riding a Bicycle,” she also teaches at the University of Tennessee Chattanooga.
Katie Hargrave, Don't Tread on Me: Flags for Plants, Tyvek printed flag, 24" x 36"
Katie, thanks for exhibiting with Ae! Your work, Don't Tread on Me: Flags for Plants, gives voice to endangered plants. Can you tell us more about this project and why you chose to speak from the plants’ point of view?
My art practice deals with how American history can impact our current reality or how American history can be deployed in a critical way. Conservatives in this country are really good at this, and I hope to become more tactical for myself as a progressive/liberal artist. I like to think about symbols (flags in this instance) and how their official nature can be manipulated. In these pieces, I began thinking about the phase of the Gadsden flag (the original “Don’t tread on me” flag with the snake) and thinking about other things that phrase could mean. These flags are for endangered plants that are impacted by trampling (usually by the expansion of human development or by grazing animals like cows). What if the plants could speak for themselves? What if they had the agency that humans had to make and deploy official symbols like flags?
How does your work respond to its surroundings including natural and manmade environments?
I am very interested in the idea of what “natural” is. The United States is known for its wild spaces, and these spaces are a part of American identity (as the colonizer, as the cowboy, as the transcendentalist, and so on). What’s fascinating to me is that these ideas of what “natural” means are constructions. All of this land was impacted by human development long before this land was colonized by euro-Americans. This preface is important to me because we all (everyone living in the US) have to deal with the spaces we (euro-Americans) occupy, while what it means to “deal” might change in different contexts. I try to do that conceptually within my work, but I also think about this when I work within a gallery setting. Most of my work is responsive to the location of the gallery in which it will be shown, for instance this piece features plants that are from the Great Lakes region.
Using wall space to plan out a project
Your work is rooted in research and history. You also say you like to take things apart and put them back together. What does your creative process look like?
My work often starts with a narrative (something I read in the newspaper or a book) and then I start to delve in deeper. I love archives and history books, and I try to get a grasp on the historical antecedents for whatever current event I am interested in. Sometimes the work pulls from collage, taking two disconnected ideas and putting them into context. Other times the work is participatory and I use historical and current information as a framework for participants to work within. My studio is always a mess; I work on many projects at the same time (partially because I collaborate with lots of different groups).
I am also interested in metaphorically taking apart systems. For instance, right now, I am unpacking the history of public land in the United States, looking at the history of the Department of the Interior, the National Park Service, Bureau of Land Management, and reading novels about range wars, reading about barbed wire, looking at the creation of native reservations, manifest destiny, and the history of the design manuals for US government offices. Once I know that history, I can mix it together and put things into context in stranger ways. Those stories are becoming installations, books, and embroidered patches right now.
Many of your projects include collaborators or audience participants. Why are these connections important to your work?
So many reasons! I consider myself to be a socially engaged artist, which means working with people throughout the process is important to me. Not every project is participatory, but it is an important tool in my toolbox. Working with participants, I hope to move the audience from a viewer that analyzes the work to an engaged co-creator in the work. I hope to do this throughout my process (sometimes in the research phase and sometimes in the final works) in order to open up space and allow the audience to see their own power. I am an educator, and I am not interested in hierarchies within my work, so I seek to dismantle the idea that the artist is the genius through making work that relies on other people.
Collaboration allows me to work on different bodies of work at the same time. I can work on projects about cycling, skill shares, and neighborhood engagement as a part of “Like Riding a Bicycle” and I can make work that unpacks mental health systems, support structures, and gentrification as a member of “the Think Tank that has yet to be named.” The people I work with are super smart and have different areas of interest than me, and we enrich each others’ practices by working together. Within my own work, I don’t have to worry about being a total history nerd; I can just go there.
A sewing project in-process
Do you consider your art to be political? What do you hope viewers take away from your work?
My work is absolutely political, but I engage in a quiet politics. While I am protesting or working with local community organizers outside of my art practice, I hope to think about a quiet or a slow activism within my work. How can small changes to our sense of self alter the way we move through the world? We all know how important the symbolic is, but if we are able to point to the absurdity of the way those symbols are created, can we make new, more meaningful symbols? I think being in the world is a political act; there is no way not to be political. Making something lovely, being thoughtful, moving through the world with your eyes open, these are all important. Perhaps it is easier to see how my work is political, which deals with the construction of the identity of a nation state, than the work of artists that are perceptual painters, for instance, but I would argue both are about paying attention. That’s political.
I hope viewers begin to see themselves and their own power. I hope they identify with or against a story I am telling. I hope they share their own story. I hope they’re present and excited enough to become engaged, if only for a moment.
Do you have any upcoming projects or exhibitions we should know about?
My work is in a show called Needlework: Rethinking Vulnerability and Resistance that opens June 9 at Prøve Gallery in Duluth. I am also getting ready for a couple of exhibitions this fall. I’ll be in solo shows at Michigan Technical University in Houghton, Michigan and Jacksonville University in Jacksonville, Florida this September. I’m also excited to be included in a group show, Imagination Unbound, at Berry College in Rome, Georgia. That show explores how preparatory sketches for artworks can be shown alongside finished work. It’ll be a busy season.
Where can we find and follow you online?
http://katiehargrave.us
@katie_hargrave_ on Twitter and Instagram
All images courtesy of the artist.
Interview written and edited by Sarah Kass.
featured artist, Katie Hargrave, Northern Spark, Earth Works February 20, 2018
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Can Sanctions Put a Dent in Crypto Crime?
By Michael B. Greenwald
On November 28, the US Treasury Department took an important step in responding to the SamSam ransomware cyberattacks, which occurred earlier this year. Considered one of the most effective cyberattacks in US history, the hackers behind SamSam since 2015 have targeted institutions ranging from companies to hospitals to schools, demanding payments in Bitcoin as ransom. After being paid, the hackers laundered these funds through online cryptocurrency exchanges into Iranian riyals, reaping the rewards of their malicious behavior. As part of their designation, the US Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) included the Bitcoin addresses of Iran-based Ali Khorashadizadeh and Mohammed Ghorbaniyan, who are accused of assisting the hackers in laundering payments through online cryptocurrency exchanges.
Normally, OFAC sanctions designations include the name and other personal information of the target, but this is the first time that a Bitcoin address has been included. This is far from the first step that the United States has taken against actors in the cryptocurrency markets, but it is definitely one of the most powerful messages that Washington can send. These designations are a significant move and shatter the narrative that cryptocurrencies are invulnerable to US policy makers and designation authority.
This move, however, is not the first and will almost certainly not be the last one undertaken by the US Treasury to stem the emergence of illicit actors within cryptocurrency markets. In July 2017, US Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) pursued charges against Alexander Vinnik, a Russian national, and the Bulgarian cryptocurrency exchange, BTC-e, for allegedly laundering international payments, including ransomware proceeds from the landmark 2014 hacking of Mt. Gox. Prior to the designation, BTC-e had maintained a low profile relative to other Bitcoin exchanges, receiving more than $4 billion for its central role in criminal schemes ranging from drug trafficking to computer hacking and identity theft.
The crypto markets have already been preparing for these regulatory shifts. Though Bitcoin has dominated the popular narrative, so-called privacy coins offer significantly more anonymity. One of these coins, ZCash, features “Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge” (zkSNARKS). While Bitcoin’s transactions link senders to receivers on a public blockchain, ZCash uses zkSNARKS to prove the validity of transactions, independent of addresses or other public information.
Another privacy coin, Monero, uses ring signatures to have multiple parties sign transactions, obfuscating attempts to link addresses to specific accounts. By using stealth addresses, only the sender and receiver in a Monero transaction are able to know where the specific amount was sent. These types of coins could frustrate future efforts to identify and target specific cryptocurrency addresses complicit with criminal or terrorist activities.
Cryptocurrency exchanges could also become the targets of reprisal activities. As demonstrated by the litany of calamitous hacks (Mt. Gox, Bitfinex, etc.), these exchanges could offer lucrative opportunities for terrorist groups and hacking networks. Further, these centralized exchanges could themselves be disrupted by decentralized exchanges (DEX), like WavesDEX, EtherDelta, or the Kyber Network. In contrast to centralized exchanges, DEXes are not owned by companies and are instead run on the blockchain, much like cryptocurrencies themselves. A DEX does not hold funds, positions, or transactions and instead serves as a matching layer for orders. DEXes have significantly lower levels of liquidity and transact exclusively in cryptocurrency, making them less attractive choices for ransomware hackers, but they could play an important role as middlemen within transactions, introducing tainted cryptocurrencies into otherwise clean exchanges. At the same time, the distributed structure of a DEX makes it immune to hacking attempts, given the absence of a central node within the underlying blockchain.
Though these are formidable challenges, cryptocurrency is not the first decentralized financial network that US policy makers have had to address. Well before 9/11, different terrorist groups started using informal money transfer networks to move funds making it difficult for US authorities to detect. Moving forward, it will be critically important to continue to leverage technical expertise and operational creativity, to disrupt these informal financial networks for illicit activity, which could be utilized through a similar presence in cyberspace.
Michael B. Greenwald is senior adviser to Atlantic Council President and Chief Executive Officer Frederick Kempe. He is a fellow at Harvard Kennedy School’s Belfer Center. From 2015-2017, he served as the US Treasury attaché to Qatar and Kuwait. He previously held counterterrorism and intelligence roles for the US government.
Michael Greenwald
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Not Wanted!
Happiness is having a large,loving,caring, close-knit family in another city - George Burns
Welcome to my Thursday..
Storm Gareth is still blowing..
First cuppa of the day ↓
Gave everyone sloppy 💋💋💋 before everyone left.
Washing machine went on, as well as the Dish washer.
Coffee and vitamin C time↓
As I had to go round to see my dad and do his breakfast.
I had my liquid lunch a bit earlier..↓
Fresh air and sunshine time!
Big Big Sunglasses time!
The first words he said to me was:
"Where is he?"
(Referring to my younger brother)
"He overslept,that's why I'm here!"
"I'm starving,I need my breakfast!"
I go and make him his breakfast and a cup of tea.
We sit in silence for ten minutes.
I then leave to go to work.
Plenty of singing along to the 70s music
Birthday's Time.↓
Sir Michael Caine: English actor, producer and author. He has appeared in more than 130 films in a career spanning 70 years and is considered a British film icon.(Educating Rita, Italian Job) is 86 years old.
Billy Crystal:
Is an American actor, comedian, writer, producer, director, and television host.( Throw Momma From The Train, City Slickers)
He has hosted the Academy Awards nine times, beginning in 1990 and most recently in 2012.He is 71 years old.
Jim Bowen: English stand-up comedian and television personality. He was the long-time host of the ITV game show Bullseye, which he presented from its beginning in 1981 through to the end of its original run in 1995.
He died aged 80 in 2018.
Peter Graves: An American film and television actor. He was best known for his role as Jim Phelps in the CBS television series Mission: Impossible from 1967 to 1973 (original) and from 1988 to 1990 (revival). His elder brother was actor James Arness. Graves was also known for his portrayal of airline pilot Captain Clarence Oveur in the 1980 comedy film Airplane! and its 1982 sequel Airplane II: The Sequel.He died aged 83 years in 2010
World Happiness Report names Finland as world's happiest country and Burundi the unhappiest in 2018.
Sunshine Time
I had a dinnertime of mixed results.
At least the temperature is going up some more↗↗↗
Hey,hey hey, my new t-shirt has arrived!
I came back from my other job to sun gone in and the clouds are back.
I had a nice salad for my tea.
Everyone else had jacket potatos with beans and cheese.
We caught up some telly.
Stand Up To Cancer -Bake Off
I enjoyed some nice sleep tea before I dozed off without the ear plugs...↓
The Friday Feeling will soon be here....
Labels: Alfie (1966), big sunglasses, City Slickers, Educating Rita, Jim Bowen, Mission Impossible, new t-shirt, stand up to cancer bake off, The Dooleys, Throw Momma from the Train, Wanted
Waking Up With Barry!
Here,There,Everywhere!
Is It Double Figures Yet??
Rolling, Rolling, Rolling......
Hope They Don't Find The Whip!
I Need Those Plugs!
Getting My Hands Dirty....
The Bush Is Now Bare!
I Will Be A SuperHero In A Flash!
Can It Come Back Please?
Coming Off Little By Little...
I Don't Feel Like....
Adding More To The Hoard!
No Rest For The Wicked!
Blowing The Dust Off...
Whipping Up A Storm...
Having A Good Chew!
Four Seasons In One Day
He Is Wearing My Dress Now!
Which One Can I Take Out?
I Can See Mine!
What Do You Do Here?
Having A Little Bit Of.....
Gone & Forgotten
Your Name's Not Down.....
Always Bring A Trolley,Never A Bag..
Go Like The Clappers
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A 9-year-old's brain tumor left her paralyzed. After a Hopkins trial, doctors are using the word 'cure.'
| The Baltimore Sun |
Feb 15, 2019 | 5:00 AM
Kaitlyn Dorman talks about her cancer and the Johns Hopkins clinical trial that made it disappear. (Jerry Jackson, Ulysses Muñoz)
Eight years ago, Kaitlyn Dorman was so sick with cancer she was paralyzed and her vision blurred. Dependent on a wheelchair, the little girl was confined to living on the first floor of her family’s home.
Now 17, Kaitlyn can walk and see clearly. And she’s staring down her final months at Liberty High School, weighing college acceptance letters and composing tunes on her beloved piano.
She came to Dr. Eric Raabe as a 9-year-old with an aggressive brain tumor, and today he doesn’t hesitate when he describes her cancer outcome.
“We’re using the c-word, for cure,” said Raabe, an associate professor of pediatric oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. “It’s not coming back.”
In a matter of months, treatment with an experimental drug melted Kaitlyn’s debilitating tumor from the size of a walnut to the size of a grain of rice, restoring the mobility and sight she lost as the tumor grew. And eight years later, the mass has not returned.
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The kind of treatment Kaitlyn received is what’s known as a targeted therapy — using a drug that only works in certain patients, on specific tumors by attacking particular molecules that allow the tumor to grow. It won’t work for all kids with the same kind of cancer. Researchers at Hopkins and across the country are conducting another trial of the drug to learn from Kaitlyn’s outcome. They want to know how to make the treatment more effective for other pediatric brain tumors.
Such highly tailored treatment is the future of cancer care, doctors say.
While many children survive the cancer Kaitlyn had, a rare few enjoy the quality of life she’s achieved — something researchers are striving for in other patients with the same condition.
Low-grade gliomas, the category of brain tumor Kaitlyn developed, are among the most common brain tumors in children. Her specific type of tumor — a pilocytic astrocytoma — is a slow-growing mass that develops in the supporting cells of the brain. It accounts for about one in five brain tumors in children, according to the American Cancer Society.
About 95 percent of children who develop pilocytic astrocytomas survive at least five years from their diagnosis, the American Cancer Society reports. But the tumors can constrict optic nerves and put pressure on other parts of the brain, causing some patients to go blind, have problems with balance or develop other disabilities that can last a lifetime if the tumors don’t recede.
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“Right now there’s still a lot of patients that have lost all their sight ... even though their tumor doesn’t grow anymore,” Raabe said. “What’s exciting in Kaitlyn’s case, and in the case of a few other patients where we’ve actually seen tumors really shrink down, is that that loss of sight isn’t permanent…. The eye is fine, the nerves are fine, the rest of the brain is fine.”
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An onlooker would never know Kaitlyn was once paralyzed in both legs and one arm. She recovered her sight and mobility — down to her toes and, crucially, her fingers.
A piano player from age 5, Kaitlyn continued playing through her cancer treatment, even when she could play only with one hand. Piano lessons later became a form of physical therapy as she regained dexterity in her left hand.
She now plays in a band called Psychosomatic, composes and records songs, and has a mini-album in the works. Colleges have taken notice of Kaitlyn’s musical talents — though she also talks of studying Japanese — and her acceptance letters are rolling in, including one from Boston’s Berklee College of Music.
Other patients aren’t so fortunate. Though their tumors stop growing, they often don’t shrink, leaving patients permanently disabled. Many such tumors are inoperable because of their delicate position in the brain — often near the meeting of optic nerves, in the cerebellum or, in Kaitlyn’s case, in the brain stem.
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After Kaitlyn was diagnosed, doctors placed her on a standard chemotherapy regimen, which typically arrests the cancer’s development. But her tumor resisted the first line of drugs, continuing to grow more aggressively.
We’re using the c-word, for cure. It's not coming back.
Dr. Eric Raabe, Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center
Due to the high survival rate, there’s little research about low-grade glioma in children, Raabe said.
“That has been a problem for patients like Kaitlyn, whose tumor doesn’t read the textbook and doesn’t respond to the upfront therapy,” Raabe said.
More research is being conducted now as families of patients with low-grade gliomas have demanded and funded alternative treatments, said Amy J. Weinstein, director of pediatric low-grade astrocytoma research and advocacy for the North Carolina-based Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation. Everolimus, the drug Kaitlyn received, was one of the first targeted therapies to be tested in children with low-grade brain tumors, and that trial laid the groundwork for other drug trials, she said.
“Until everolimus came along there really wasn’t anybody studying how can we stop these tumors from growing and impacting the kids,” Weinstein said.
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At the time Kaitlyn was sick, Hopkins was one of a dozen institutions offering a clinical trial using everolimus to treat low-grade gliomas in children.
The oral drug was developed by the Swiss pharmaceutical company Novartis under the brand name Afinitor. Everolimus is already approved for use in adults by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to prevent rejection of organ transplants and to treat some cancer patients. For cancer, it works by inhibiting proteins that cancer cells need to grow.
“The amazing thing is that there are these drug agents that are already on the shelves at pharmaceutical companies that just haven’t been tested in targeted ways,” Weinstein said.
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The first study, in which Kaitlyn was treated, confirmed the safety of everolimus in pediatric patients with low-grade glioma and found that some patients responded to the medicine. Now in a follow-on trial, researchers in the Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium are studying brain tissue from patients to establish which are the best candidates for the drug based on the biology of their tumors. Hopkins is one of the 18 institutions in the consortium.
Kaitlyn’s caregivers offered the experimental alternative after standard chemotherapy was unsuccessful.
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“All we really wanted to know was that our daughter was going to get better,” said Mary Dorman, Kaitlyn’s mom. “I wasn’t apprehensive about the clinical trial or even anything we had to do in terms of collecting additional data or monitoring her. As a parent, I think we would have done anything to give her an opportunity to survive the tumor that she had.”
Kaitlyn’s outlook remained sunny. Hospital visits didn’t seem like a heavy burden, she said, despite having ports placed in her body and shunts surgically inserted to drain spinal fluid.
“It was just a doctor’s appointment,” Kaitlyn said. “When I got a port … it didn’t really feel like the seriousness of getting treated for cancer. It just kind of felt like I was getting my ears checked or whatever.”
Hopkins scientists using blood tests and DNA to detect early stage cancer
But her condition was serious, and she felt worst before she began taking everolimus. Symptoms that began with a mild tremor in her hand deteriorated into the paralysis of her arm and legs. Pressure from the tumor caused her right pupil to dilate, blurring her vision. And she developed a stomach infection during a hospital stay.
She was home-schooled from the February of her fourth-grade year to November of fifth grade.
“I couldn’t walk and I couldn’t really see,” she said. “Hearing that there was, like, something else that could possibly do something, could possibly make everything go away, I was like, ‘Awesome. OK, let’s try it.’”
When she began taking the drug, she saw benefits almost immediately, she said. And it wasn’t long before she regained mobility.
“It was like a snap of the fingers — everything was just working again,” she said. “The second it started happening I was like, ‘I need more of this.’ I need to, like, start moving again, so then I could start walking and start running.”
Mary Dorman recalled her daughter summoning the family to her bedside to demonstrate she could lift her left arm above her head again — a trick she later showed Raabe during a hospital visit.
“We didn’t even need the MRI picture to know that it was working,” Raabe said.
Kaitlyn stopped taking everolimus after experiencing liver damage from the pills — a known side effect. Still, her tumor continued to shrink. And for the five years doctors tracked her recovery after the treatment, it did not return.
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Because Kaitlyn had the best response of any patient in the trial, researchers are looking to replicate her results as they continue studying everolimus. Others in the first trial also saw improvements, but some didn’t.
“How do we get more patients to have a response to this drug that are like Kaitlyn?” Raabe said. “[We’re] figuring out how to make the drug be the right drug for the right patient at the right time.”
Raabe expects the current everolimus trial to conclude within the next year. He said future studies could examine how everolimus can make traditional chemotherapy drugs more effective when they’re used simultaneously.
Dr. Daphne Haas-Kogan, chair of the radiation oncology department at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, said targeted therapies like everolimus that are tailored to an individual’s cancer — down to the molecules — will be transformative for cancer treatment.
Drugs like everolimus are particularly attractive because they’re taken orally, require fewer hospital visits and are not toxic like traditional chemotherapy, Haas-Kogan said. She expects a combination of chemotherapy paired with targeted agents like everolimus to dominate cancer care in the future.
Doctors have a “growing armada” of targeted agents that can be used to treat particular tumors, Haas-Kogan said, but their grasp on which drugs will succeed in particular patients remains limited.
Studies like the one at Hopkins provide doctors with a deeper understanding of which patients are more likely to respond, she said.
“Every person’s brain tumor is unique — the genetic makeup and the mechanism that led its development and its response to treatment,” Haas-Kogan said. “It’s personalizing the care — whether it’s a child or an adult — that’s going to be the most bang for the buck.”
Weinstein cautioned that researchers have not yet documented possible long-term side effects of drugs like everolimus because the treatment is so new.
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But, she added, “they give [pediatric low-grade astrocytoma] patients the greatest sense of hope for a normal childhood and for a normal future.”
Drug Research
Drugs and Medicines
Johns Hopkins Hospital
Most Read • Health
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| ERROR: type should be string, got "https://www.barrons.com/articles/getty-museum-world-s-richest-art-institution-1411688975\nBehind The Scenes At the Getty\nStacy Perman\nFrom its sprawling perch high above a pair of Los Angeles hilltops, the J. Paul Getty Trust has long been viewed as something akin to the overlord of the art world, with its $6.6 billion endowment. Drawing on its immense treasure chest, the Getty in a single generation has built two world-class museums, featuring works from antiquities to contemporary outdoor sculpture, while leading the global charge for art research and conservation. But since its heady ascent three decades ago, the world has changed, and so has the Getty's take on its lofty place in that world. Under new management since 2011, it has been busy killing off once sacrosanct practices in order to stay nimble and relevant. For the first time in its history, the biggest, richest art institution in the world is launching a fund-raising program. \"The Getty can do anything at once -- just not everything at once,\" cautions soft-spoken James Cuno, the museum's president and CEO.\nIt's not art, it's math. As the prices for important works are driven ever higher by voracious private collectors -- in turn driving up the museum's costs -- investment returns, even those of the mighty Getty, haven't kept pace with the institution's financial needs. Therein lies a valuable lesson for every family art foundation in the world, no matter how big and rich they may be: Art-collecting institutes of the 21st century must continuously replenish their coffers to stay in the game.\nThe professorial Jim Cuno, CEO of the Getty Foundation, standing at the Getty Villa that houses the museum's unique Roman and Grecian antiquities collection. The Getty Villa's eight-year, $275 million renovation is one reason Cuno is starting to fund raise. Photo: Thomas Michael Alleman\nIt was not always so. From the very beginning, the Getty Trust was something of an anomaly among cultural institutions. In 1976, the oil man J. Paul Getty left four million shares of Getty Oil stock worth $700 million (equivalent of $2.9 billion today) in trust to the modest private museum he built on his 64-acre ranch overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Overnight, the Getty, one of the smallest major museums, became the world's richest, its endowment dwarfing that of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. It still does.\nA penny-pinching billionaire who made his guests use a lobby pay phone for their long-distance calls from his United Kingdom mansion, Getty began collecting only during the Great Depression, when extraordinary deals could be had. As he noted in his diary on April 8, 1939, \"Prices about one-fourth 1910-1929. Present prices are the lowest of the century.\" Getty spent months in Europe meeting with dealers. He made a study of the great museums, often comparing his works with theirs, and always with an eye to the great American collectors who had made their mark before him, such as Henry Clay Frick.\nGetty's tastes ran to old masters, 18th century French furniture, and antiquities. It was during his travels in Italy that he developed a deep passion for ancient Rome. He chose the Villa dei Papiri in Herculaneum to serve as the model of his own California villa. Getty also favored work from notable collections, such as the Roman marble statue, Lansdowne Herakles, purchased from the family of the eighth marquess of Lansdowne.\nTHE ORIGINAL TRUSTEES, led by former Securities and Exchange Commission Chairman Harold Williams, imaginatively pursued Getty's tersely worded but broad instructions on how his bequest should be spent -- \"a museum, gallery of art, and library\" for the \"diffusion of artistic and general knowledge.\" The trust spent prodigiously, acquiring a late-fifth century statue of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, which became ensared in a provenance and looting scandal, and Van Gogh's Irises (reportedly for $20 million and $54 million, respectively). It expanded its collections from its founder's \"narrow and uneven\" assembly of ancient and European art to include one of the largest collections of Rembrandts and illuminated manuscripts. Its stealthy acquisitiveness became legendary. Critics denounced \"the Getty factor\" -- the organization's ability to dominate and roil markets. After a string of major purchases by the Getty, the Economist noted, \"The world art market will never be quite the same.\" Few had the ability to outbid the Getty, leaving art connoisseurs little else to do but \"shudder.\"\nBut the Getty always saw itself as more than just a museum. From its inception, it has also been an all-embracing patron of art history, facilitating new research and forging collaborative ways to advance practices in a variety of art fields. While training a new generation of experts to preserve old masters painted on wooden panels, the Getty developed an innovative Web-based tool that essentially enables scholars to use infrared and X-ray technology to, for example, zoom in on Herbert and Jan van Eyck's famed Ghent Altarpiece at a resolution of over 100 billion pixels, thereby peering below the surface of the painting and creating infinite leads for conservators. The Getty Conservation Institute's reference collection resides in underground storage vaults at the Getty Center. It's an immense trove of more than 9,000 items, from Renaissance pigments to fragments of Nefertari's tomb. The Getty Research Institute alone possesses 26 linear miles of shelving for nearly 50,000 rare books, 27,000 prints and drawings, more than 12,000 linear feet of manuscripts and archives, 30,000 original architectural drawings, and two million photographs. The Getty's total assets (art, real estate, everything) are valued at over $10 billion.\nThe Getty is back full force: Launching a new round of major acquisitions under CEO Cuno, the Getty Museum recently purchased Rembrandt Laughing, for $25.1 million, a self-portrait by the Dutch master. That was after the museum spent $45 million on a major work by J.M.W. Turner. Photo: Courtesy of The J. Paul Getty Museum\nAs we walked through the research facility, curators were unpacking giant wooden crates filled with the Knoedler Gallery archives, a repository of letters, sales books, and ledgers. The gallery had handled significant artists such as de Kooning, Manet, and Homer during the 19th and 20th centuries. Once cataloged and digitized, the Knoedler archives will be made accessible to research scholars. Upstairs, in the brightly lit laboratories of the Conservation Institute, scientists are testing modern acrylic-paint strips on machinery also used to test athletes for doping. The aim is to provide conservators a better understanding of the properties of pigments and binders used by 20th century artists, so the likes of Rothko and Basquiat can be properly restored.\nAcross town, meanwhile, at the Getty Villa's labs, the staff is designing and building customized mounts to protect the Berthouville treasure, a cache of Roman silver, from earthquakes. These range from tiny U-shaped clasps to seismic isolators. The Getty holds a patent on the isolators and has routinely provided its expertise to museums around the world.\nWHICH GETS US TO an important point. Considered a rich outlier by some, remote and elitist by others, the Getty Trust has long been a place so reflexively decried by critics that it's easy to overlook the fact that the organization is a far more subtle and complex creature than meets the eye. It acquires art and mounts exhibitions free of charge for over 1.7 million visitors a year; that much is bracingly simple and clear. But through its grant-making, preservation, and scholarship, it also plays a towering behind-the-scenes role in the international art world. Structurally, it hews more closely to a university model than that of a traditional museum -- with one major exception. Thanks to the Getty's tremendous endowment, it has existed almost entirely off its investment income. Unburdened by the pressure to corral donations, the 15-member board has been historically compelled to spend money, not raise it.\nUntil now, that is. In 1998, the former trust president, Barry Munitz, floated a development initiative; it so rankled the Los Angeles art community, fearful the Getty would cannibalize the city's cultural and philanthropic resources, the project was quickly scuttled. Internally, the debate fared little better. But things started changing four years ago, following nearly two decades of lavish spending, including the trust's eight-year, $275 million renovation of its Getty Villa, which showcases magnificent Greek and Roman antiquities.\nRoutinely criticized, it is easy to overlook the fact the Getty plays a huge role behind the scenes as an industry-leading researcher, educator, and conservationist. Above, a Getty course on the latest mosaic conservation and management techniques held at an archaeological site in Paphos, Cyprus. Photo: Courtesy of Scott S. Warren/J.Paul Getty Trust\nThen came the $1 billion Richard Meier-designed Getty Center. Housed on a 760-acre campus, its buildings sheathed in white Italian travertine soaring above Bel Air like a modern-day acropolis -- home to art works ranging from the Middle Ages to contemporary photography.\nThe center was all self-financed, but then the outside world introduced some new realities. The supply of great masters and antiquities -- the lifeblood of the Getty collection -- was in decline, partly the result of provenance and looting scandals that had embroiled the museum. Furthermore, a new breed of private collector was lobbing prices into the stratosphere. Unlike the Getty, these U.S. hedge fund managers, Chinese billionaires, Russian oligarchs, and petro-sheiks, did not have to seek permission from a board to spend more than $1 million on an acquisition; they routinely bid tens of millions at auction for a single work. \"Five or 10 years ago, our competition was mostly other museums,\" says Timothy Potts, the museum's director. \"It has totally flipped.\"\nBy the time the stock market crashed in 2007, the Getty was operating two museums on one income stream, and the price for art had exploded while its costs -- and goals -- had greatly expanded. That's when the financial crisis hit. Between 2007 and 2009, the trust's endowment lost 31% of its value, plunging from $6.4 billion to $4.4 billion. The $35 million Major Initiatives and Acquisitions Fund, set up in 2009, lost 80% of its value as it sank to $7 million.\nBy March 2009, with the endowment in free fall, the trust slashed its overall budget 24%, to $216 million, while cutting the museum's budget 25%. Almost 100 staff members were laid off. The trust reduced or cut many of its educational programs and exhibitions. The foundation completely remapped its grant-making process. Proposals were now approved on a tactical basis rather than decided upon as they came through the transom. Tim Whalen, director of the Conservation Institute, likened this painful period to \"ripping off a Band-Aid.\" But he also notes that the financial crisis pushed the Getty to refocus. \"Those opportunities help you prioritize very quickly,\" he says.\nThe Getty had experience with self-correction, particularly over the past decade as a raft of scandals rocked the institution. Its remarkable transparency (the Website reveals reams of financial detail) came in response to accusations and formal censure surrounding allegations over the improper use of funds in the mid-2000s by the then-president, Barry Munitz. It also led to his departure a year later. As for the other major scandal, while the Getty returned 40 objects to Italy due to disputes over past acquisitions of stolen antiquities, it simultaneously adopted a series of stringent policies regarding ownership. But the Getty was also without a president. After the unexpected death of James Wood in 2010, a revolving door of executives followed. There was much carping about the need for organizational reform. So while the endowment recovered beyond its prerecession levels, thanks to the stock market, the Getty trustees realized that, once again, some new thinking was in order.\nJ. Paul Getty with his pet lion, Teresa. His taste in art was far more conventional. Photo: Courtesy of The Getty Research Institute\nENTER JAMES CUNO, the professorial former director of the Art Institute of Chicago, and before that the director of the Harvard University Art Museums for 11 years. An internationally respected veteran in the field, Cuno instantly noticed that \"emotionally, the institution was challenged and the question was, 'What's next?' \" His answer was a narrow list of broad goals to encourage collaboration among its four entities, ramp up the collections, and greatly expand its digital imprint, while taking up the fund-raising banner.\nIn 2012, he appointed Timothy Potts, the former director of the Kimbell Art Museum in Fort Worth, Texas, to head up the Getty Museum, a clear signal of his intentions to return to the kind of bold acquisitions that had made the Getty famous. Potts says that Cuno's commitment to a major acquisitions budget formed a central part of their initial conversations before Potts came on board. Cuno made good on this promise. Last year, the Getty purchased Rembrandt Laughing, a tiny self-portrait of the 17th century Dutch master painted on copper, for 16.5 million British pounds ($25.1 million). Two years earlier, it acquired J.M.W. Turner's 1839 masterpiece, Modern Rome: Campo Vaccino, for a record $44.9 million. \"My strategy is to maintain the Getty as a major museum force in acquiring great works of art,\" says Potts.\nMore is planned. Cuno, who spearheaded the Chicago Art Institute's initiative to raise $420 million for its new modern wing, says of the Getty, in order to do more good work, \"we need something to complement the endowment for another source of revenue.\" Asking the rich to make donations to a wealthy institution? His short answer is \" 'Harvard and Stanford.' My view is that people like to invest in quality. They like to be associated with an institution that is going to be around forever.\"\nThe Getty's fund-raising strategy is in its early stages, just ramping up. It is, for example, in the process of building fund-raising infrastructure, such as donor databases, while hunting for a vice president to run the recently established institutional-development unit.\nBut Cuno is also quick to point out that he won't set annual fund-raising goals or allocate a percentage of the budget to be covered by donations, or pilfer from other Los Angeles–area organizations.\nAgain, Cuno's game plan is to match particular projects to donors with a particular interest. Consider \"Pacific Standard Time: Art in L.A. 1945-1980,\" an exhibition where over five dozen cultural institutions across Southern California collaborated, and which highlighted the birth, evolution, and influence of the Los Angeles art scene. It was a matter of civic and regional pride. The Getty kicked in more than $11 million, while raising over $1 million from a spectrum of donors to launch the exhibit's marketing campaign.\nTo make the Getty relevant in the modern age, Cuno is also turning the institution into the leading evangelist of art digitization. \"I do not want to make incremental change,\" he says, \"but to fundamentally change the way we do art history. We can harness the potential of big data in different ways.\"\nPart of that effort is the millions poured into digitizing vast libraries through the Getty Research Portal, where materials are available online for free, while pushing the conservative museum world at large to similarly publish their material online.\nMeanwhile, Thomas Gaehtgens, director of the Research Institute, is also developing open-source tools so scholars in disparate locations can collaborate in real time. \"The questions they ask can be fundamentally different,\" says Cuno.\nIt all sounds promising for an institution that almost lost its way. \"The Getty is still a young enough institution that it is still thinking very big and still defining what it wants to be,\" says Potts. \"In a sense, that ambition is even greater than it was in the early days.\"\nAdmirable -- but none of that ambition is possible without the institution first learning how to renew its treasury. If that's true for the world's richest art institution, it's doubly true for every family art foundation in the country.\nE-mail: penta@barrons.com"
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https://www.barrons.com/articles/sec-rejects-winklevoss-brothers-etf-says-bitcoin-isnt-manipulation-resistant-1532644306
SEC Rejects Winklevoss Brothers ETF, Says Bitcoin Isn’t Manipulation Resistant
Avi Salzman
July 26, 2018 6:31 pm ET
The Securities and Exchange Commission has rejected an application by the Winklevoss twins to launch a bitcoin exchange traded fund, claiming the brothers had not proven that an ETF would be safe enough for investors.
In a 92-page opinion on Thursday, the commission said it rejected an argument from the twins that "intrinsic properties of bitcoin and bitcoin markets make manipulation 'difficult and prohibitively costly.'"
The SEC notes that several exchanges have been hacked and that academic papers "suggest that the price of bitcoin can be, and has been, manipulated through activity on bitcoin trading venues."
The price of bitcoin fell under $8,000 after the news was released, to a recent $7,950.
It was not a unanimous decision. Commissioner Hester Pierce broke with her colleagues, dissenting from the rejection. She worries that "the Commission’s interpretation and application of the statutory standard sends a strong signal that innovation is unwelcome in our markets."
“Despite today's ruling, we look forward to continuing to work with the SEC and remain deeply committed to bringing a regulated bitcoin ETF to market and building the future of money," said Cameron Winklevoss in a statement.
Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss Alli Harvey/Stringer/Getty Images
The twins are major holders of bitcoin, and were considered to be "bitcoin billionaires" back when the price of bitcoin was near its heights earlier this year. Through their Gemini company, they have sought to expand the market for bitcoin, operating an exchange and partnering with Cboe Global Markets to hold an auction used to determine the official price for bitcoin futures. They were early to apply for an ETF, but have now been repeatedly rejected.
There are currently no bitcoin ETFs on the market in the U.S., although the Bitcoin Investment Trust (GBTC) is somewhat similar to an ETF and trades over the counter.
The SEC's continued skepticism of bitcoin ETFs bodes poorly for other applications for bitcoin ETFs from providers like Van Eck and Proshares, but it doesn't mean those applications will also be rejected.
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Lemons on a Pewter Plate
© 2018 Succession H. Matisse / Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York
French, 1869–1954
Beginning in 1917, Henri Matisse spent most winters in the southern French city of Nice. The warm light there transformed the artist’s work profoundly, leading him to comment: "If I had painted in the north … my painting would have been different. There would have been browns, grays, shadings of color through perspective." Painted during one of his sojourns to Nice, this picture’s challenging spatial construction, palpable paint texture, and patterned background recall the still lifes of Paul Cézanne. The artist was especially on Matisse’s mind when he began this composition in 1926: the same year, Matisse’s dealer staged a posthumous retrospective of over 50 of Cézanne’s major works.
Signed, l.r.: "Henri-Matisse"
55.6 × 67.1 cm (21 5/8 × 26 1/8 in.)
A Millennium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation
Société des “Artistes Indépendants,” Catalogue de la 37e Exposition, exh. cat. (Société des “Artistes Indépendants,” 1926), p. 157, cat. 1664, as Nature morte (citrons, plat d’étain).
“Les Expositions à Paris et ailleurs: Berlin: Henri-Matisse (Galerie Thannhauser),” Cahiers d’art 5, no. 2 (1930), p. 107 (ill.).
Galerien Thannhauser, Henri Matisse, mit Geleitwort von Prof. Hans Purrmann und 64 Abbildungen, exh. cat. (Galerien Thannhauser, 1930), pp. 18, cat. 56; 27 (ill.), as Zitronenstilleben.
Henri-Matisse, exh. cat., texts by Henri Matisse and Carl Egger (Kunsthalle Basel, 1931), p. 16, cat. 78, as Les Citrons au plat d’étain, 1924.
Petit Palais, Les maitres de l’art indépendant, 1895–1937, exh. cat. (Éditions Arts et Métiers Graphiques, 1937), p. 38, cat. 46, as Les Citrons, 1927.
Pierre Matisse Gallery, Henri Matisse: Paintings, Drawings of 1918 to 1938, exh. cat. (Pierre Matisse Gallery, 1938), cat. 2, as Still Life with Lemons, 1927.
Edward Alden Jewell, “Noted Modernists Feature Art Week,” New York Times, Nov. 15, 1938, p. 20, as Still Life with Lemons, 1927.
Martha Davidson, “Recent Matisse Anthology: A Great Contemporary’s Activity in the Last Two Decades,” Art News, Nov. 19, 1938, p. 12 (ill.), as Still-Life with Lemons, 1927.
California Palace of the Legion of Honor and M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, Seven Centuries of Painting: A Loan Exhibition of Old and Modern Masters, exh. cat. (California Palace of the Legion of Honor/M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, 1939), p. 53, cat. Y–184, as Still Life with Lemons, 1927.
Pierre Matisse Gallery, Henri-Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, 1898–1939, exh. cat. (Pierre Matisse Gallery, 1943), cat. 18, as Nature morte aux citrons, Nice, 1927.
Edward Alden Jewell, “With Accent on Modernism: Museum of Modern Art Presents ‘Realists and Magic Realists’ of America—Contemporary French Painters and Others,” New York Times, Feb. 14, 1943, p. X7 (ill.), as Still-Life with Lemons, Nice.
Valentine Gallery, Modern Paintings: The Lee Ault Collection, exh. cat. (Valentine Gallery, 1944), cat. 28 (ill.), as Citrons, 1927.
Henry Clifford and Henri Matisse, Henri Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture, Organized in Collaboration with the Artist, exh. cat. (Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1948), pp. 40, cat. 69; n. pag., no. 69 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Clement Greenberg, “On Critics and Greenberg: Reply,” Partisan Review 15, no. 6 (June 1948), pp. 685–86, as Lemons on Pewter Plate, 1927.
Christopher E. Fremantle, “Matisse in Philadelphia,” Studio136, 666 (Sept. 1948), p. 95, as Lemons on a Plate.
Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse, exh. cat., introduction by Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1951), p. 10, cat. 60, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, (1927).
Alfred H. Barr, Jr., Matisse: His Art and His Public (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1951), pp. 27 (ill.), 215, 450 (ill.), 451, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (Citrons sur plat d’étain), (1927).
Henri Matisse, exh. cat., introduction by Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (Los Angeles Municipal Art Department, 1952), p. 12, cat. 38, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, (1927).
UNESCO, Catalogue de reproductions en couleurs de peintures—1860 a [sic] 1959: Catalogue of Colour Reproductions of Paintings—1860 to 1959: Catalogo de reproducciones en color de pinturas—1860 a 1959, 5th ed. (UNESCO, 1959), pp. 236, cat. 638; 237, fig. 638, as Citrons sur un plat d’étain/Lemons on a Pewter Plate/Limones en Bandeja de Estaño, 1927.
Lawrence Gowing, Henri Matisse: 64 Paintings, exh. cat. (Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1966), pp. 47 (ill.); 62, cat. 47, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, (1927).
Jean Leymarie, “The Painting of Matisse,” trans. Caroline Lumley, in UCLA Arts Council and UCLA Art Galleries, Henri Matisse: Retrospective 1966, exh. cat. (University of California Press, 1966), p. 16, no. 65.
UCLA Arts Council and UCLA Art Galleries, “Reproductions of the Paintings” and “Catalogue of the Exhibition,” in Henri Matisse: Retrospective 1966, exh. cat. (University of California Press, 1966), pp. 94 (ill.); 190, cat. 65, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate/Citrons sur plat d’étain, (1927).
Jean Guichard-Meili, Matisse (Frederick A. Praeger, 1967), p. 233, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate.
Matisse, 1869–1954: A Retrospective Exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, exh. cat., foreword by Gabriel White and an introduction by Lawrence Gowing (Arts Council of Great Britain, 1968), pp. 128 (ill.); 165, cat. 100, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate/Citrons sur plat d’étain, 1927.
Lyman Allyn Museum, Paintings and Sculpture from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, exh. cat. (Lyman Allyn Museum, 1968), n. pag., as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Selections from the Nathan Cummings Collection, exh. cat., introduction by Douglas Cooper and catalogue notes by Carol Cutler (National Gallery of Art, 1970), p. 45, cat. 31 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Summer Loan 1971, Paintings from New York Private Collections: Nathan Cummings Collection, exh. cat., introduction by Thomas Hoving (Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1971), p. 7, cat. 44, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Massimo Carrà, “Catalogo delle opera,” in Mario Luzi and Massimo Carrà, L’opera di Matisse dalla rivolta ‘fauve’ all’intimismo, 1904–1928, Classici dell’Arte 49 (Rizzoli Editore, 1971), p. 104, cat. 449 (ill.), as Limoni su un piatto di stagno, 1927. Translated as “Documentation: Catalogue des œuvres,” in Tout l’œuvre peint de Matisse, 1904–1928, ed. Xavier Deryng, Les Classiques de l’Art (Flammarion, 1982), pp. 104–05, cat. 449 (ill.), as Citrons sur plat d’étain, 1927.
John Maxon, Major Works from the Collection of Nathan Cummings, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago, 1973), pp. 7; 37, cat. 28 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Nicholas Watkins, Matisse (Phaidon Press, 1977), pp. 15, no. 34; pl. 34, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Jack Cowart and Dominique Fourcade, “Album of Colorplates” and “Concordance,” in Henri Matisse: The Early Years in Nice, 1916–1930, exh. cat. (National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC/Harry N. Abrams, 1986), pp. 182, pl. 136; 334, as Les citrons au plat d’étain, 1926.
Dominique Fourcade, Jack Cowart, and Marla Price, “Catalogue,” in Jack Cowart and Dominique Fourcade, Henri Matisse: The Early Years in Nice, 1916–1930, exh. cat. (National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC/Harry N. Abrams, 1986), p. 324, cat. 149, as Les citrons au plat d’étain/Lemons on a Pewter Plate, Nice, place Charles-Félix, 1926.
Guy-Patrice Dauberville and Michel Dauberville, Matisse: Henri Matisse chez Bernheim-Jeune, vol. 2 (Éditions Bernheim-Jeune, 1995), pp. 1256, cat. 661 (ill.); 1443; 1466, as Les citrons.
Christie’s New York, The Collection of the Late Joanne Toor Cummings (Christie’s New York, 1996), front cover (detail), n. pag., as Les citrons au plat d’étain, Nice, 1926.
Xavier Girard, Matisse à Nice: 1917–1954 (Éditions Assouline, 1996), pp. 33 (ill.), 76 (ill.).
“A Tradition of Elegance and Patronage,” Christie’s International Magazine 13, no. 3 (Apr. 1996), pp. 20, 22 (ill.), as Les citrons au plat d’étain, Nice, Place Charles-Félix, 1926.
Christie’s New York, Important Impressionist and Modern Paintings and Sculpture from the Collection of the Late Joanne Toor Cummings, sale cat. (Christie’s New York, Apr. 30, 1996), pp. 15; 40, lot 26; 41 (foldout ill., flap detail); 42; 43 (ill.), as Les citrons au plat d’étain, 1926.
Christie’s New York, Impressionist and Modern Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture (Part I), sale cat. (Christie’s New York, Apr. 30, 1996), pp. 66, lot 26; 67 (foldout ill., flap detail), as Les citrons au plat d’étain, 1926.
David Ebony, “Front Page: Spring Auctions Hold Steady,” Art in America 84, 7 (July 1996), p. 25, as Lemons in a Pewter Dish, 1926.
Richard Brettell, An Impressionist Legacy: The Collection of Sara Lee Corporation (Abbeville Press, 1997), front cover (ill.), pp. 100 (ill.), 101, 102 (detail), 103 (detail), 158 (ill.), 159, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (Les citrons au plat d’etain [sic]), 1926.
Alan G. Artner, “Sara Lee Takes Its Art to New Level,” Chicago Tribune, June 3, 1998, p. 1 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926.
Della de Lafuente, “Art Institute Scores in Sara Lee Giveaway,” Chicago Sun-Times, June 3, 1998, pp. 1 (ill.), 2, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926.
Judith H. Dobrzynski, “Sara Lee Is Donating Impressionist Art to 20 U.S. Museums,” New York Times, late ed. (June 3, 1998), pp. A1 (ill.), E4 [early edition, pp. A1 (ill.), B8], as Lemons on a Pewter Plate.
Richard R. Brettell, Monet to Moore: The Millennium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation, exh. cat. (Yale University Press, 1999), pp. xviii, fig. 17; 106, cat. 29; 107 (ill.); 108 (ill.); 109–10; 110, n. 6; 111, n. 17 (detail), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (Les Citrons au plat d’etain [sic]), 1926 (between July and October), reworked 1929.
John O’Brian, Ruthless Hedonism: The American Reception of Matisse (University of Chicago Press, 1999), p. 188, as Lemons on Pewter Plate, 1926.
North Carolina Museum of Art, “Monet to Moore: the Millenium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation,” Preview and Calendar of Events (Sept./Oct. 1999), pp. 5, 6 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926, reworked 1929.
Jean Monneret, Catalogue raisonné du Salon des Indépendants, 1884–2000: Les Indépendants dans l’histoire de l’art (Salon des Indépendants, 2000), p. 206, as Nature morte (citrons, plat d’étain).
James N. Wood and Debra N. Mancoff, Treasures from the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 2000), p. 267 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926 and 1929.
Christie’s London, Impressionist and Modern Art, sale cat. (Christie’s London, June 25, 2001), p. 98, fig. 1, as Les citrons au plat d’etain [sic], 1926.
Brigitte Jacobs van Renswou, “Dokumentation,” Sediment: Mitteilungen zur Geschichte des Kunsthandels 11, Thannhauser: Händler, Sammler, Stifter (2006), p. 50, Dok. 2.11 (ill.).
Ann Slavick, Hour Chicago: Twenty-Five Self-Guided 60-minutes Tours of Chicago’s Great Architecture and Art (Ivan R. Dee, 2008), p. 167, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Masters from the Art Institute of Chicago, with contributions by Renée DeVoe Mertz, exh. cat. (Art Institute of Chicago/Kimbell Art Museum, 2013), pp. [2] (ill.), [4], 78 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926 (reworked in 1929).
Christie’s New York, A Dialogue through Art: Works from the Jan Krugier Collection, sale cat. (Christie’s New York, Nov. 4, 2013), p. 201, fig. 4, as Les Citrons au plat d’étain, 1926.
Stephanie D’Alessandro, with contributions by Renée DeVoe Mertz, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Art at the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2014), pp. [2] (ill.), [4], 78 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926 (reworked in 1929).
Paris, Palais de Bois, Société des “Artistes Indépendants”: 37e Exposition, Mar. 20–May 2, 1926, cat. 1664, as Nature morte (citrons, plat d’étain).
Berlin, Galerien Thannhauser, Henri Matisse, Feb. 15–Mar. 19, 1930, cat. 56 (ill.), as Zitronenstilleben.
Basel, Kunsthalle, Henri-Matisse, Aug. 9–Sept. 15, 1931, cat. 78, as Les Citrons au plat d’étain, 1924.
Paris, Petit Palais, Les maîtres de l’art indépendant, 1895–1937, June–Oct. 1937, cat. 46, as Les Citrons, 1927.
New York, Pierre Matisse Gallery, Henri Matisse: Paintings, Drawings of 1918 to 1938, Nov. 15–Dec. 10, 1938, cat. 2, as Still Life with Lemons, 1927.
Possibly New York, French Pavilion, New York World’s Fair, 1939.
San Francisco, California Palace of the Legion of Honor, and M. H. de Young Memorial Museum, Seven Centuries of Painting: A Loan Exhibition of Old and Modern Masters, Dec. 29, 1939–Jan. 28, 1940, cat. Y–184, as Still Life with Lemons, 1927 (M. H. de Young Memorial Museum only).
New York, Pierre Matisse Gallery, Henri-Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, 1898–1939, Feb. 9–27, 1943, cat. 18, as Nature morte aux citrons, 1927.
New York, Valentine Gallery, Modern Paintings: The Lee Ault Collection, Apr. 10–29, 1944, cat. 28 (ill.), as Citrons, 1927.
Philadelphia Museum of Art, Henri Matisse: Retrospective Exhibition of Paintings, Drawings, and Sculpture, Apr. 3–May 10, 1948, cat. 69 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse, Nov. 13, 1951–Jan. 13, 1952, cat. 60, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (1927); Cleveland Museum of Art, Feb. 5–Mar. 16, 1952; Art Institute of Chicago, Apr. 1–May 4, 1952; San Francisco Museum of Art, May 22–July 6, 1952.
Los Angeles Municipal Art Department, Henri Matisse, July 24–Aug. 17, 1952, cat. 38, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (1927).
Los Angeles, UCLA Art Galleries, Henri Matisse Retrospective 1966, Jan. 5–Feb. 27, 1966, cat. 65 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate/Citrons sur plat d’étain (1927); Art Institute of Chicago, Mar. 11–Apr. 24, 1966; Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, May 11–June 26, 1966.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Henri Matisse: 64 Paintings, July 19–Sept. 25, 1966, cat. 47 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (1927).
New London, CT, Lyman Allyn Museum, Paintings and Sculpture from the Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Cummings, Jan. 19–Feb. 18, 1968, no cat. no., as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
London, Hayward Gallery, Matisse, 1869–1954: A Retrospective Exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, July 11–Sept. 8, 1968, cat. 100 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate/Citrons sur plat d’étain, 1927.
Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Selections from the Nathan Cummings Collection, June 28–Sept. 11, 1970, cat. 31 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927; New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, July 1–Sept. 7, 1971, as Summer Loan 1971, Paintings from New York Private Collections: Nathan Cummings Collection, cat. 44, as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Art Institute of Chicago, Major Works from the Collection of Nathan Cummings, Oct. 20–Dec. 9, 1973, cat. 28 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1927.
Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art, Henri Matisse: The Early Years at Nice, 1916–1930, Nov. 2, 1986–Mar. 29, 1987, cat. 149 (ill.), as Les citrons au plat d’étain/Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926.
Laren, the Netherlands, Singer Memorial Foundation, The Sara Lee Collection: An Impressionist Legacy, Oct. 18, 1997–Feb. 15, 1998, no cat.
Singapore Museum of Art, Monet to Moore: The Millennium Gift of Sara Lee Corporation, Apr. 1–May 30, 1999, cat. 29 (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate (Les Citrons au plat d’etain) [sic], 1926 (between July and October), reworked 1929; Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, June 11–Aug. 22, 1999; Raleigh, North Carolina Museum of Art, Sept. 10–Nov. 7, 1999; Portland Art Museum, Nov. 19, 1999–Jan. 23, 2000; Art Institute of Chicago, Mar. 13–May 28, 2000.
Fort Worth, Kimbell Art Museum, The Age of Picasso and Matisse: Modern Masters from the Art Institute of Chicago, Oct. 6, 2013–Feb. 16, 2014, no cat. no. (ill.), as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926 (reworked in 1929).
Baltimore, Md., Baltimore Museum of Art, Matisse/Diebenkorn, Oct. 23, 2016–January 29, 2017, no cat. no., pl. 21 (ill.) as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926, reworked 1929; San Francisco, San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, March 11-May 29, 2017.
Frankfurt am Main, Städel Museum, Matisse - Bonnard: Long Live Painting!, cat. 42 (ill.) as Lemons on a Pewter Plate, 1926/1929, Sep. 13, 2017–Jan. 14, 2018.
Collection of the artist, to at least Sep. 15, 1931 [Basel 1931, exh. cat.]. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York, probably acquired directly from the artist, by Nov. 15, 1938 [New York 1938, exh. cat.]; Lee A. Ault (Sep. 30, 1915–Apr. 7, 1996) and Dorothy Smith Ault (born Nov. 19, 1916; married 1935, divorced by 1958), New Canaan, Conn., and New York; later Lee A. Ault and Isabel Henry Ault (June 11, 1912–Nov. 7, 1989; married 1958, divorced 1977), New York, Apr. 27, 1942; sold to Nathan Cummings (Oct. 14, 1896–Feb. 19, 1985) and Joanne Toor Cummings (née Joanne Ruth Toor, Nov. 2, 1928–Sep. 19, 1995), New York, Chicago, and Palm Beach, Fla., Apr. 2, 1965 [Nathan Cummings inventory card; photocopy in curatorial file]; given to Joanne Toor Cummings by June 30, 1976; by descent to Joanne Toor Cummings Estate, New York, Sep. 19, 1995; purchased from Christie’s, New York sale Apr. 30, 1996, lot 26, by Sara Lee Corporation, Chicago, Apr. 30, 1996; given to the Art Institute of Chicago, Oct. 11, 1999.
Woman on Rose Divan, 1921
Apples, 1916
Bathers by a River, 1909–10, 1913, and 1916–1917
At the Moulin Rouge, 1892/95
Portrait of the Artist’s Sister, 1891
The Plate of Apples, c. 1877
Merahi metua no Tehamana (Tehamana Has Many Parents or The Ancestors of Tehamana), 1893
Grapes, Lemons, Pears, and Apples, 1887
Madame Cézanne in a Yellow Chair, 1888/90
Still Life with Fruit, 1890
Émile Bernard
The Drinkers, 1890
The Vase of Tulips, c. 1890
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Diptych of the Virgin and Child Enthroned and the Crucifixion
Next: The Philosopher's...
Arms, Armor, Medieval, and Renaissance
Eastern Mediterranean or Italian
This diptych, a hinged and portable work used for private devotion, was probably made in the Latin Kingdom established in the Holy Land by the Crusaders. In style, technique, and the use of both Latin and Greek inscriptions, it shows a mixture of Eastern and Western elements. The diptych may have been made by an Italian craftsman, possibly working in the coastal city of Acre, which was the capital of a reduced crusader kingdom in the late 13th century. This type of private devotional work, and related Byzantine models imported back into Western Europe, exerted a powerful influence on later painting in Italy, France, and the Low Countries.
Arms, Armor, Medieval, and Renaissance, Gallery 236
Tempera on panel
left wing, S. RAPAEL [RAPHAEL] (upper left in red pigment), S. GABRIEL (upper right in red pigment), .FL[...] (vertically, below center left in red pigment); right wing, IC CR (on the cross in gold pigment), MP OY (center left in red pigment), [...] (center right in red pigment)
Left wing: 38 × 29.5 cm (14 15/16 × 11 5/8 in.); Painted image of left wing: 29.8 × 22.3 cm (11 3/4 × 8 3/4 in.) Right wing: 38 × 29.5 cm (14 15/16 × 11 5/8 in.); Painted image of right wing: 30 × 22.3 cm (11 7/8 × 8 3/4 in.)
Mr. and Mrs. Martin A. Ryerson Collection
Art Institute of Chicago, A Guide to the Paintings in the Permanent Collection (Chicago, 1925), p. 160, no. 2048.
Rose Mary Fischkin, Martin A. Ryerson Collection of Paintings and Sculpture, XIII to XVIII Century, Loaned to The Art Institute of Chicago, unpub. MS, 1926, Ryerson Library, The Art Institute of Chicago, pp. 7–10.
R[ose] M[ary] F[ischkin], “Two Thirteenth-Century Paintings,” Art Institute Bulletin 20 (1926), pp. 77-80, ills.
Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà, La croce dipinta italiana e l’iconografia della passione (Verona, 1929), p. 394.
Evelyn Sandberg-Vavalà, “A Dugento Diptych in Chicago, “ International Studies 95 (April 1930), pp. 32–36, 88, fig. 9.
Art Institute of Chicago, A Guide to the Paintings in the Permanent Collection (Chicago, 1932), p. 183, no. 2922.24.
William R. Valentiner, Paintings in the Collection of Martin A. Ryerson, unpub. MS [1932], Archives, The Art Institute of Chicago, n. pag.
Art Institute of Chicago, A Brief Illustrated Guide to the Collections (Chicago, 1935), p. 20.
Edward B. Garrison, “Post-War Discoveries: Early Italian Paintings, II,” Burlington Magazine 89 (1947), p. 210.
Art Institute of Chicago, An Illustrated Guide to the Collections of The Art Institute of Chicago (Chicago, 1948), p. 25, ill. of right wing.
Edward B. Garrison, Italian Romanesque Panel Painting: An Illustrated Index (Florence, 1949), pp. 32, 97, no. 241, ill. (rev. ed., Edward B. Garrison and Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, 1998. CD-ROM).
Fredrick A. Sweet, “La pittura italiana all’Art Institute di Chicago,” Le vie del mondo: Rivista mensile del Touring Club Italiano 15 (1953), pp. 689–90.
Hugo Buchthal, Miniature Painting in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Oxford, 1957), pp. 48–49, 51, pls. 57a, b.
Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Chicago, 1961), p. 224.
Hans Huth, “Italienische Kunstwerke im Art Institute von Chicago, USA,” in Miscellanea Bibliothecae Hertzianae (Munich, 1961), p. 516.
Edward B. Garrison, “A Sacramentary for Roman Use with Sicilian Decoration,” Studies in the History of Medieval Italian Painting 4, 3–4 (1962), p. 415 n. 4.
Kurt Weitzmann, “Thirteenth-Century Crusader Icons on Mount Sinai,” Art Bulletin 45 (1963), pp. 181, 189, reprinted in his Studies in the Arts at Sinai (Princeton, N. J., 1982), pp. 293, 301.
Wolfgang Kermer, Studien zum Diptychon in der sakralen Malerei; von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des sechzehnten Jahrhunderts (Düsseldorf, 1967), pp. 89–93, 246–47, part 2, pp. 70–71, pls. 80–81.
John Maxon, The Art Institute of Chicago, (London, 1970), pp. 23, ill, 288.
Grgo Gamulin, Madonna and Child in Old Art of Croatia (Zagreb, 1971), pp. 11, 15, 51 n. 15, fig. 5.
Burton B. Fredericksen and Federico Zeri, Census of Pre-Nineteenth-Century Italian Paintings in North American Public Collections (Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1972), pp. 244, 288, 311.
Grgo Gamulin, “La pittura su tavola nel tardo medioevo sulla costa orientale dell’Adriatico” in Venezia e il Levante fino al secolo XV, ed. Agostino Pertusi (Florence, 1974), p. 195 n. 3.
Denys Sutton, “Robert Langton Douglas: Dramatic Days,” Apollo 109 (1979), p. 469, fig. 37.
Andrea Berger-Fix, “Das Wimpassinger Kreuz und seine Einordnung in die Kunst des 13. Jahrhunderts,” Wiener Jahrbuch für Kunstgeschichte 33 (1980), p. 64.
Mojmír Frinta, “Raised Gilded Adornment of the Cypriot Icons, and the Occurrence of the Technique in the West,” Gesta 20 (1981), pp. 335–36, 340, fig. 3.
Valentino Pace, “Italy and the Holy Land: Import-Export. I. The Case of Venice” in Vladimir P. Goss, ed., The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange between East and West during the Period of the Crusades (Kalamazoo, Michigan, 1986), p. 335.
Ignace Vandevivere, Les Musées de l’Institut de France : Musées Jacquemart-André et Marmottan à Paris, Musée Condé à Chantilly (Primitifs flamands. I, Corpus de la peinture des anciens Pays-Bas méridionaux au quinzième siècle, 15) (Brussels, 1988), p. 99.
Christopher Lloyd, Italian Paintings before 1600 in the Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Collection (Chicago, 1993), p. 131–135, ills.
Hans Belting, Likeness and Presence: A History of the Image before the Era of Art, translated by Edmund Jephcott (Chicago and London, 1994), pp. 364, 593 n. 53.
Jaroslav Folda, “The Kahn and Mellon Madonnas: Icon or Altarpiece?” in Byzantine East, Latin West: Art-Historical Studies in Honor of Kurt Weitzmann (Princeton, N.J., 1995), p. 506, figs. 8 and 9.
Luciano Bellosi, Cimabue (Milan, 1998), pp. 61, 63 n. 29, 116, ill.
Joanna Cannon, “The Stoclet ‘Man of Sorrows’: a thirteenth-century Italian diptych reunited,” Burlington Magazine 141 (1999), p. 110.
Joseph Polzer, “Some Byzantine and Byzantinising Madonnas Painted during the Later Middle Ages, Part I,” Arte Cristiana 87 (1999), pp. 85, 88 n. 6, fig. 7.
Joseph Polzer, “Some Byzantine and Byzantinising Madonnas Painted during the Later Middle Ages, Part II,” Arte Cristiana 87 (1999), pp. 174-76, 179-80 n. 26, fig. 31.
Luciano Bellosi in Duecento: Forme e colori del Medioevo a Bologna, ed. Massimo Medica, exh. cat., Musei Civici d’Arti Antica, Bologna, 2000, p. 206, under no. 52.
Jaroslav Folda, “Icon to Altarpiece in the Frankish East: Images of the Virgin and Child Enthroned” in Italian Panel Painting of the Duecento and Trecento, edited Victor M. Schmidt (National Gallery of Art, Studies in the History of Art, 61) (Washington, D.C., 2002), pp.131-32, 142 n. 27, figs. 9, 10.
L[arry] J. F[einberg] in “Devotion and Splendor. Medieval Art at the Art Institute of Chicago,” Museum Studies 30, 2 (2004), pp. 20-21, 90, ill.
Jaroslav Folda, Crusader Art in the Holy Land, From the Third Crusade to the Fall of Acre, 1187-1291 (New York, 2005), pp. 556-7, figs. 412, 413.
Victor M. Schmidt, Painted Piety: Panel Paintings for Personal Devotion in Tuscany, 1250-1400 (Florence, 2005), pp. 45, 67 n. 58, 119, 138 n.43, fig. 74.
Larry J. Feinberg and Christina M. Neilsen in “The Silk Road and Beyond. Travel, Trade, and Transformation,” Museum Studies 33, 1 (2007), pp. 44-45, 92, ill.
Rebecca W. Corrie, “Sinai, Acre, Tripoli, and the ‘Backwash from the Levant’: Where Did the Icon Painters Work?” in Approaching the Holy Mountain. Art and Liturgy at Saint Catherine’s Monastery in the Sinai, ed. Sharon E.J. Gerstel and Robert S. Nelson (Turnhout, 2010), pp. 430-35, 442-45, figs. 132, 133.
The Art Institute of Chicago, A Century of Progress, 1933, no. 100, as Tuscan School, 2nd half of XIII century.
The Art Institute of Chicago, A Century of Progress, 1934, no. 39, 2nd half of XIII century.
Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Byzantium: Faith and Power (1261-1557), March 15, 2004 – July 4, 2004, no. 288, as probably Saint-Jean d’Acre, c. 1275/85.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Devotion and Splendor: Medieval Art at the Art Institute of Chicago, September 25, 2004–January 2, 2005 (no. cat.).
The Art Institute of Chicago, The Silk Road and Beyond: Travel, Trade, and Transformation, December 4, 2006–January 29, 2007 (no. cat.).
New York, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Jerusalem: 1000-1400, Every People Under Heaven, September 26, 2016-January 8, 2017, no. 26 [entry by Jaroslav Folda]
Albin Chalandon, Paris, by 1850; by descent to Henri Chalandon, La Grange Blanche, Parcieux, near Lyon [according to letter on November 11, 1924 from Robert Langton Douglas to Martin Ryerson in Art Institute Archives]; sold by Chalandon to Robert Langton Douglas, London, by 1924 [source cited above]; sold by Langton Douglas to Martin A. Ryerson (d. 1932), Chicago, 1924 [incoming receipt dated November 17, 1924, copy in curatorial file]; on loan to the Art Institute of Chicago from 1924; bequeathed to the Art Institute, 1933.
Saints Augustine and Peter, About 1350
Workshop of Paolo Veneziano
The Marriage of Hosea and Gomer in a Historiated Initial “V” from a Bible, 1345/48
Praying Saint (Moses?) with Christ in a Historiated Initial “L”, from a Choirbook, c. 1300
Neri da Rimini
Saints Peter and Paul in a Historiated Initial “N” from a Choirbook, 1375/99
Decorated Initial “O” with Flowers from a Choir Book, 14th century or modern, c. 1920
Decorated Initial “D” with Acanthus Leaves from a Choir Book, 14th century or modern, c. 1920
Decorated Initial “E” with Flowers from a Choir Book, 14th century or modern, c. 1920
Decorated Initial “G” with Flowers from a Choir Book, 14th century or modern, c. 1920
Decorated Initial “L” with Flowers from a Choir Book, 14th century or modern, c. 1920
Scenes from the Miracles of St. Peter, from a Bible Historiale or Pictorial New Testament, c. 1350
Leaf from a Picture Cycle: Christ Carrying the Cross, The Crucifixion, The Descent from the Cross, and the Entombment, 1325/50
Leaf from a Picture Cycle: Christ Appearing to the Three Marys, Christ and the Pilgrims on the Road to Emmaus, Doubting Thomas, and Christ Appearing to the Apostles, 1325/50
Two Saints and Two Bishops in a Historiated Initial “E” from a Choir Book, 1335/1400
Sienese School
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The Philosopher's Conquest
Next: Bust of a Youth (S...
Francesco Mochi
Previous: Cupid Chastised
Bartolomeo Manfredi
© 2018 Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York / SIAE, Rome
The Philosopher’s Conquest
Italian, born Greece, 1888–1978
The work of Giorgio de Chirico represents an unexpected form of classicism in early avant-garde painting. This canvas, one of six in a series, combines a Mediterranean cityscape with still-life objects. Familiar elements appear in many of de Chirico’s paintings like pieces of a mysterious puzzle: a classical arcade, oddly oversize artichokes, a cannon and cannonballs, a clock, an industrial brick chimney, a monumental tower, a running train, and a square-rigged sailing ship. Here the stage set for this extraordinary juxtaposition of objects is an Italian piazza, virtually deserted except for the menacing shadowy figures outside the edge of the scene.
De Chirico represented objects with a matter-of-fact, though intentionally crude, precision. He painted his scenes flatly, in bright colors, and illuminated them with a cold white light. Rendered in this clear style, works like The Philosopher’s Conquest seem rife with meaning, though they remain resolutely enigmatic. Indeed, by juxtaposing incongruous objects, the artist sought to produce a metaphysical quality, what he called “art that in certain aspects resembles … the restlessness of myth.” De Chirico’s works would profoundly affect the Surrealists, who in the 1920s and 1930s attempted to portray dreams and images of the subconscious in their work.
Signed, l.r.: "G. de Chirico"
Joseph Winterbotham Collection
Barnes, Albert C., Chirico (Galerie Paul Guillaume, 1926), cat. 1.
Freud, Sigmund, “La question de l’analyse par les non-médecins,” La Révolution Surréaliste 3, nos. 9-10 (October 1, 1927), p. 27 (ill.).
Breton, André, Le surréalisme et la painture (Paris: Librarie Gallimard, 1928), pl. 27 (ill.), as Les joies et les énigmes d’une heure étrange, 1914.
Documents 2, no. 5 (1930), p. 311 (ill.), as Nature morte turino-printanière. Sweet, Frederick A., “Modigliani and Chirico,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 33, no. 6 (November 1939), pp. 90-91, (ill. on cover).
Wilenski, Reginald Howard, Modern French Painters (New York: Reynal and Hitchcock, 1940), p. 238, pl. 68A (ill.), as La conqûete du philosophie: l’horloge, 1913.
Soby, James Thrall, The Early Chirico (New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1941), pp. ix, 38-40, pl. 26 (ill.), as The Conquest of the Philosopher.
Frost, Rosamund, Contemporary Art: The March of Art from Cézanne Until Now (New York: Crowne Publishers, 1942), pp. vi, 156 (ill.).
Kuh, Katherine, The Winterbotham Collection (Art Institute of Chicago, 1947), pp. 10-11 (ill.).
“Chicago’s Winterbotham Collection,” Art News 46, no. 7 (September 1947), p. 35 (ill.).
Faldi, Italo, Il Primo de Chirico, Arte d’Oggi (Venice, 1949), pp. 17-18, pl.
X.Vieira, José Geraldo, “Tomografia do Surrealismo,” Habitat 17 (July-August 1954), p. 40 (ill.), as A Conquista do Filósofo.
Malone, Lee and Lionel Venturi, Chagall and de Chirico (Houston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1955), n.p., cat. 6.
Soby, James Thrall, Giorgio de Chirico (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1955), pp. 65, 68-69, 188 (ill.).
Art Institute of Chicago, Paintings in The Art Institute of Chicago: A Catalogue of the Picture Collection (Art Institute, 1961), pp. 118, 471 (ill.).
Benayoun, Robert, Érotique du Surréalism (Paris: Jean-Jacques Pauvert, 1965), p. 106 (ill.), as La conquête.
Speyer, A. James, “Twentieth-Century European Paintings and Sculpture,” Apollo 84 (September 1966), p. 225.
Rubin, William, “Toward a Critical Framework: 1. Notes on Surrealism and Fantasy Art,” Artforum 5, no. 1 (September 1966), p. 40 (ill.).
Cunningham, Charles C., El Mundo de los Museos: Instituto de Arte de Chicago (Madrid, 1967) pp. 14 (ill.), 74 (ill.), as La conquista del filósofo.
Rubin, William, Dada, Surrealism and their Heritage (New York: Museum of Modern Art, 1968), pp. 77, 78 (ill.), 80, fig. 101.
Far, Isabella, Giorgio de Chirico (Milan: Fratelli Fabbri Editori, 1968), pp. 18, pl. 3 (ill.).Maxon, John, The Art Institute of Chicago (Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1970), pp. 271 (ill.), 279.
Carrà, Massimo, trans. by Caroline Tisdall, Metaphysical Art (New York: Praeger Publishers, 1971), n.p. (ill.), cat. 98.
Bruni, Claudio, Catalogo Generale Giorgio de Chirico volume primo, opere dal 1908 al 1930 (Milan, 1971), n.p., cat. 21 (ill.), as La conquista del filosofo.
Bruni, Claudio, Catalogo Generale Giorgio de Chirico volume secondo, opere dal 1908 al 1930 (Milan, 1971), n.p., cat. 21, as La conquista del filosofo.
Nishimura, Toshio, ed., Le Futurisme, La Peinture Métaphysique et le Dadaïsme, Les Grandes Maîtres de la Peinture Moderne, XXI (Tokyo: CHUOKORON-SHA, 1973), p. 117 (ill.), pl. 28 (ill.), as La conquista del filosofo.
Feldstein, Janice J., ed., The Art Institute of Chicago: 100 Masterpieces (Art Institute of Chicago, 1978), pp. 128–129 (ill.), 159, cat. 80.
Schmied, Wieland, Alain Jouffroy, Maurizio Fagiolo dell’Arce, and Domenico Porzio, De Chirico: Leben und Werk (Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1980), pp. 145 (ill.), 287 (ill.), fig. 17, cat. 40, as Die Eroberung des Philosophen.
Speyer, A. James, and Courtney Graham Donnell, Twentieth-Century European Paintings (Chicago, 1980), p. 36, no.1D6.
dell’Arco, Maurizio Fagiolo, and Paolo Baldacci, Giorgio de Chirico: Parigi 1924-1929, dalla nascita del Surrealismo al crollo di Wall Street (Milan: Edizioni Philippe Daverio, 1982), pp. 210 (ill.), 211, 258–59.
Rubin, William, Wieland Schmeid, and Jean Clair, Giorgio de Chirico: der Metaphysiker (Munich: Prestel-Verlag, 1982), pp. 84 (ill.), 146 (ill), cat. 12, fig. 3, as Die Eroberung des Philosophen, La conquista del filosofo.
Russel, John, “De Chirico is the Star in Modern’s New Wing,” New York Times, April 2, 1982, pp. C1, 28 (ill.).
dell’Arco, Maurizio Fagiolo, “Giorgio De Chirico à Paris,” Cahiers du Musée National d’Art Moderne 84:13 (1984), pp. 68-69 (ill.), fig. 29, as La Conquête du philosophie, 1913–14.
dell’Arco, Maurizio Fagiolo, L’Opera completa di De Chirico: 1908-1924 (Milan: Rizzoli Editore, 1984), pp. 86 (ill.), 87, 120, cat. 45, pl. XIII, as La conquête du philosophe (La conquista del filosofo), 1913-14.
Art Institute of Chicago, The Joseph Winterbotham Collection: A Living Tradition (Art Institute, 1986), pp. 11, 32 (ill.), 58.
Gimferrer, Pere, Giorgio de Chirico (Paris: Éditions Albin Michel, 1988), pp. 38 (ill.), 126, cat. 23, as La conquéte du philosophe.
Wood, James N., Master Paintings in the Art Institute of Chicago (Art Institute of Chicago, 1988), pp.
Di Carlo, Massimo, Claudia Gian Ferrari, Paolo Levi, and Massimo Simonetti, Giorgio de Chirico: 1920–1950 (Milan: Electa, 1989), pp. 18 (ill.), 158, as La conquista del filosofo, La conquête du philosophe, 1913-14.
Guzzi, Domenico, Giorgio de Chirico: Arma Virumque Cano, il mito classico dell’eroe guerriero (Rome: Leonardo Arte Srl, 1989), pp. 26, 27 (ill.), as La conquista del filosofo.
Rainbow-Vigourt, Marielle Blanche Alice, The Vision of Giorgio de Chirico in Painting and Writing Ph.D. dissertation Syracuse University, 1989, pp. x, 135, 159, fig. 30.
Schmied, Wieland, De Chirico und sein Schatten: Metaphysische und surrealistische Tendenzen in der Kunst des 20. Jahrhunderts (Munich: Prestel Verlag, 1989), p. 50 (ill.), as Die Eroberung des Philosophen.
Giraudon, Colette, Paul Guillaume et les peintres du Xxe siècle: De l’art nègre à l’avant-garde (Paris: La Bibliothèque des arts, 1993), p. 73 (ill.).
Silver, Larry, Art in History (London, 1993), p. 404 (ill.), pl. 9.53.
Schmied, Wieland, Giorgio de Chirico: Die beunruhigenden Musen (Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag, 1993), p. 22, as Die Eroberung des Philosophen.
Art Institue of Chicago, Museum Studies 20, no. 2 (1994), pp. 107, 146–47 (ill.), 185 (1ll.), back cover (ill.).
Institut l’homme et le temps, Le Temps dans la Peinture (La Chaux-De-Fonds, c. 1994), p. cover (ill.), 60, 61 (ill.), fig. 47, as La conquête du philosophe.
Cork, Richard, A Bitter Truth: Avant-Garde Art and the Great War (Yale University Press, 1994), pp. 31, 32 (ill.), 33, pl. 21.
Braun, Emily, ed., Giorgio de Chirico and America (Hunter College of the City University of New York, 1996), p. 241, Appendix 1.
Wood, James N. and Teri J. Edelstein, The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth-Century Painting and Sculpture (Art Institute of Chicago, 1996), pp. 30 (ill.), 158.
Baldacci, Paolo, de Chirico: 1888–1919 La metafisica (Milan: Leonardo Arte, 1997), pp. 191 (ill.), 193–94, cat. 48, as La conquête du philosophe (La conquista del filosofo).
Crescentini, Claudio, Melancolico de Chirico: 1905–1935 (Rome: Luca Maria Patella, 1999), p. 43, as La conquête du philosophe, 1913–14.
Wood, James N. and Debra N. Mancoff, Treasures from The Art Institute of Chicago (Hudson Hills Press, 2000), p. 253 (ill.).
Baldacci, Paolo, and Wieland Schmied, Die Anderee Moderne de Chirico/Savino (Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2001), pp. 215, 217 (ill.), 349, cat. 28, as La conquete du philosophe, Die Eroberung des Philosophen.
Taylor, Michael R., Giorgio de chirico and the Myth of Ariadne (London: Merrell Publishers, Ltd., 2002), pp. 43–44 (ill.), fig. 32.
Paris, Baraquements du Champ-de-Mars, Salon des Indépendants 30e, March 1–April 30, 1914, cat. 683, as Les joies et les énigmes d’une heure étrange, 1913.
Paris, Galerie Paul Guillaume, Giorgio de Chirico, June 4–12, 1926, cat. 1, as La Conquête du Philosophe. New York, Valentine Gallery, Paintings by Giorgio de Chirico, January 23–February 11, 1928, cat. 6, as La Conquete du Philosophe, 1913.
Washington, D.C., G. Place Gallery, Chirico Exhibition, December 5–25, 1943. Art Institute of Chicago, The Winterbotham Collection, May 23–June 22, 1947, p. 11 (ill.).
Dallas, Texas State Fair, Museum of Fine Arts, The Winterbotham Collection of 20th Century Paintings, October 8–November 6, 1949.
Houston, Museum of Fine Arts, Chagall and de Chirico, April 3–May 1, 1955, n.p., cat. 6.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Giorgio de Chirico, September 6–October 31, 1955, pp. 65, 68–69, 188 (ill.).
Milan, Palazzo Reale, Arte italiana del XX secolo da collezioni Americane, April 30–July 26, 1960, pp. 76 (ill.), 196, cat. 84, as La conquista del filosofo; traveled to Rome, Galeria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna, July 15–September 15, 1960.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Dada, Surrealism and their Heritage, March 27–June 9, 1968, pp. 77, 78 (ill.), 80, fig. 101, traveled to Los Angeles County Museum of Art, July 16–September 8, 1968; and Art Institute of Chicago, October 19–December 8, 1968.
Milan, Palazzo Reale, Giorgio de Chirico, April–May 1970, pp. 27, fig. 14 (ill.), cat. 14, as La conquista del filosofo.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, Giorgio de Chirico, April 3–June 29, 1982; traveled to London, Tate Gallery, August 4–October 3, 1982; Munich, Haus der Kunst, November 17, 1982–January 30, 1983, pp. 84 (ill.), 146 (ill), cat. 12, fig. 3, as Die Eroberung des Philosophen, La conquista del filosofo; traveled to Paris, Musée National d’Art Moderne, February 24–April 25, 1983, pp. 45–46 (ill.), 148 (ill.), fig. 12, cat. 12, as La Conquête du philosophe, La conquista del filosofo.
Dusseldorf, Kunstsammlung Nordrhein Westfalen, Die Andere Moderne–De Chirico/Savino, September 15–December 2, 2001, pp. 215, 217 (ill.), 349, cat. 28, as La conquete du philosophe, Die Eroberung des Philosophen; traveled to Munich, Stadtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus December 20, 2001–March 10, 2002.
The Art Institute of Chicago, Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Art and Photography of Paris, September 20, 2008–January 4, 2009.
Galerie Paul Guillaume (died 1934), Paris, by 1926 [Paris 1926]. Valentine Gallery, New York, by 1928 [Baldacci 1997]. Pierre Matisse Gallery, New York; sold to the Art Institute, 1939 [receipt in curatorial file].
Summer (recto), 1913 (recto)
1914 (verso)
William Zorach
Landscape (recto), 1911/12
Marguerite Zorach
Green Mountains, Canada, 1932
Heavy the Oar to Him Who is Tired, Heavy the Coat, Heavy the Sea, 1929
After Khorkum, 1940/42
Business, 1921
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Next: The Bedroom
Previous: Nighthawks
This familiar image was exhibited publicly for the first time at the Art Institute of Chicago, winning a three-hundred-dollar prize and instant fame for Grant Wood. The impetus for the painting came while Wood was visiting the small town of Eldon in his native Iowa. There he spotted a little wood farmhouse, with a single oversized window, made in a style called Carpenter Gothic. “I imagined American Gothic people with their faces stretched out long to go with this American Gothic house,” he said. He used his sister and his dentist as models for a farmer and his daughter, dressing them as if they were “tintypes from my old family album.” The highly detailed, polished style and the rigid frontality of the two figures were inspired by Flemish Renaissance art, which Wood studied during his travels to Europe between 1920 and 1928. After returning to settle in Iowa, he became increasingly appreciative of midwestern traditions and culture, which he celebrated in works such as this. American Gothic, often understood as a satirical comment on the midwestern character, quickly became one of America’s most famous paintings and is now firmly entrenched in the nation’s popular culture. Yet Wood intended it to be a positive statement about rural American values, an image of reassurance at a time of great dislocation and disillusionment. The man and woman, in their solid and well-crafted world, with all their strengths and weaknesses, represent survivors.
Oil on Beaver Board
Signed and dated lower right on overalls: GRANT / WOOD / 1930
78 × 65.3 cm (30 3/4 × 25 3/4 in.)
Friends of American Art Collection
“Prize Awards in the Annual American Exhibition,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 24, no. 9 (Dec 1930): 120.
Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 25, no. 2 (Feb 1931): cover (ill.), 8, 25.
“Loans to Other Museums and Institutions,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago: Report for the Year 1931, 26 no. 2 (Feb 1932): 70.
“Loans to Other Museums and Institutions,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago: Report for the Year 1933 28, no. 3 (Mar 1934): 71, 73.
“Loans to Other Museums and Institutions,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago: Report for the Year 1934 29, no. 3 (Mar 1935): 72.
Frederick A. Sweet, “Half a Century of American Art,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 33, no. 6 (No 1939): 97.
Anita Brenner, “Is There An American Art?,” The New York Times Magazine (November 23, 1941), ill. p. 13.
Frederick S. Wight, Milestones of American Painting in Our Century, introduction by Lloyd Goodrich (Boston: The Institute of Contemporary Art with Chanticleer Press, New York, 1949), 30, 74, ill. pl. 21, 75.
Aline B. Louchheim, “A New Yorker Visits the Art Institute,” The Art Institute of Chicago Quarterly 46, no. 2 (Apr 1, 1952): 23.
“People and Events: Portraits on Television,” The Art Institute of Chicago Quarterly 50, no. 2 (Apr 1, 1956): 39.
Henri Dorra, The American Muse (Viking Press, 1961), 124, ill. p. 156.
“Summer Gallery Talks,” Calendar of the Art Institute of Chicago 65, no. 3 (May–Aug 1971): 18.
“Lecturer’s Choice: Fifteen Minute Gallery Talks for Summer,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 67, no. 3 (May-Jun 1973): 11.
Matthew Baigell, The American Scene: American Painting of the 1930s (Praeger Publishers, 1974), 18, 109, 110, 111, ill. 1, 12.
“Public Lectures,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 69, no. 4 (Jul–Aug 1975): 8.
“Public Lectures,” Bulletin of the Art Institute of Chicago 73, no. 5/6 (Sep–Dec 1979): 14.
Wanda Corn, “The painting that became a symbol of a nation’s spirit,” Smithsonian 11, 8 (November 1980), 84–96, ill. p. 85.
Wanda M. Corn, Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision, exh. cat. (Minneapolis Institute of Arts/Yale University Press, 1982), 3, 25–26, 33, 35, 60, 128–142, pl. 32.
Wanda M. Corn, “The Birth of a National Icon: Grant Wood’s American Gothic,” The Art Institute of Chicago Centennial Lectures, Museum Studies 10 (Art Institute of Chicago/Contemporary Books, Inc., 1983), 253–275, fig. 1.
Davenport Museum of Art, IA, Grant Wood: An American Master Revealed (Davenport Museum of Art/Pomegranate Books, 1995), 24, 69–73, 96–98, cat. 16, pl. 16.
Art Institute of Chicago, The Art Institute of Chicago: Twentieth–Century Painting and Sculpture, selected by James N. Wood and Teri J. Edelstein (Art Institute of Chicago, 1996), 67, ill.
James M. Dennis, Renegade Regionalists: The Modern Independence of Grant Wood, Thomas Hart Benton, and John Steuart Curry (University of Wisconsin Press, 1998), 14, 19–20, 100–02, fig. 7.
Lea Rosson DeLong, Grant Wood’s Main Street: Art, Literature and the American Midwest, exh. cat. (Ames, Iowa: Brunnier Art Museum, University Museums, 2004), 17–18, 24, 27–29, 39, 97, 104, 106, 159, 203, 205, 207, fig. 12.
Thomas Hoving, American Gothic: The Biography of Grant Wood’s American Masterpiece (Chamberlain Bros., 2005).
Stephen Biel, American Gothic: A Life of America’s Most Famous Painting (W.W. Norton & Co., 2005).
Sue Taylor, “Grant Wood’s Family Album,” American Art 19, 2 (Summer 2005): 48–67.
Judith A. Barter et al., American Modernism at the Art Institute of Chicago, From World War I to 1955, (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2009), cat. 79.
Laura Hoptman, “Wyeth: Christina’s World,” One on One (The Museum of Modern Art, 2012), 4 (ill.).
Duane Preble Emeritus et al., Prebles’ Artforms (Pearson, 2013), 11th ed., 428. (ill.).
Chantal Georgel, “Millet,” (Citadelles et Mazenod, 2014), (ill.).
Paintings at the Art Institute of Chicago: Highlights of the Collection, (Chicago: Art Institute of Chicago/Yale University Press, 2017) 123.
Art Institute of Chicago, The Forty–third Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture, Oct 30–Dec 14, 1930, cat. 207, ill.
Cedar Rapids, IA, Feb 1931.
Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Albright Art Gallery, Twenty–Fifth Annual Exhibition of Selected Paintings by American Artists, Apr 26–Jun 22, 1931, cat. 139, ill. p. 26.
San Diego Fine Art Gallery, Show of Contemporary Eastern Painting [probably], c. Jun 1932, no cat.; traveled to Santa Barbara, CA, Faulkner Memorial Art Gallery, c. Aug 1932.
New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Paintings and Prints by Chicago Artists, Feb 28–Mar 30, 1933, cat. 37, ill. frontispiece.
Art Institute of Chicago, A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, Jun 1–Nov 1, 1933, cat. 666, pl. 92.
Washington, DC, Phillips Collection, Nov 1933–Feb 1934.
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Museum of Art, Mar 31–Apr 10, 1934.
Art Institute of Chicago, A Century of Progress Exhibition of Paintings and Sculpture, Jun 1–Nov 1, 1934, cat. 716.
Chicago, Lakeside Press Galleries, Loan Exhibition of Drawings and Paintings by Grant Wood, Feb–Mar 1935, cat. 33, ill. p. 23.
New York, Ferargil Galleries, An Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings by Grant Wood, Mar–Apr 1935, cat. 15.
Kansas City, MO, William R. Nelson Gallery, Oct 2–Nov 8, 1935.
Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, The Centennial Exposition, Jun 6–Nov 29, 1936, cat. 15, ill. p. 64.
Chicago Woman’s Club, Jan 20, 1937.
Bloomington, IL, Central Illinois Art Exposition, Mar 19–Apr 8, 1939, cat. 106, ill. p. 29.
Iowa City, Fine Arts Festival, Iowa Union Lounge, University of Iowa, Exhibition of Paintings by Grant Wood and Marvin D. Cone, Jul 16–23, 1939, cat. 23.
Art Institute of Chicago, Half a Century of American Art, Nov 16, 1939–Jan 7, 1940, cat. 178, pl. 46.
Bloomfield Hills, MI, Cranbrook Academy of Art, May 17–Jun 6, 1940.
Northampton, MA, Smith College Museum of Art, American Art: Aspects of American Painting, 1900–1940, Jun 12–22, 1940, cat. 33.
Worcester Art Museum, A Decade of American Painting 1930–1940, Feb 18–Mar 22, 1942, ill. p. 23.
Cedar Rapids Art Association, Grant Wood Memorial Exhibition, Sep 1–Oct 1, 1942, no cat. See Cedar Rapids Gazette, 9/6/1942.
Art Institute of Chicago, Memorial Exhibition of Paintings and Drawings by Grant Wood, included in the Fifty–third Annual Exhibition of American Paintings and Sculpture, Oct 29–Dec 12, 1942, cat. 2, color ill. frontispiece.
New York, Museum of Modern Art, 20th Century Portraits, Dec 8, 1942–Jan 24, 1943, p. 145, ill. p. 99.
Baltimore, MD, Feb 12–Mar 7, 1943.
Worcester Art Museum, Mar 17–Apr 19, 1943.
Boston, The Institute of Modern Art, Ten Americans, Oct 20–Nov 21, 1943, cat. 29, ill.
Saginaw, MI, Saginaw Museum of Art, An Exhibition of American Painting from Colonial Times until Today, Jan 10–Feb 15, 1948, cat. 71, pl. 13.
Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Famous American Paintings, Oct 9–31, 1948, n.pag., ill.
Boston, Institute of Contemporary Art, Milestones of American Painting in Our Century, c. Jan 2–c. Mar 3, 1949, cat. 21.
Montreal, Canada, Mar 18–Apr 20, 1949.
Canadian National Exhibition Art Exhibit, Aug 26–Sep 10, 1949.
Beloit, WI, Beloit College, Oct 11–Nov 11, 1949.
Dayton, OH, Dayton Art Institute, The Artist and His Family, Mar 3–Apr 1950, cat. 40.
Cedar Rapids, IA, Coe College, Centennial Exhibition, May 15–Jun 9, 1952, cat. 24.
New York, Wildenstein, Landmarks in American Art, 1670–1950, Feb 26–Mar 28, 1953, cat. 50, ill.
Syracuse Museum of Fine Arts, 125 Years of American Art, Sep 15–Oct 11, 1953, cat. 59, ill. p. 18.
Dubuque, IA, Dubuque Art Association, Thirty Years of Grant Wood, Feb 15–Feb 23, 1955, cat. 9.
Des Moines, IA, Des Moines Art Center, Communicating Art from Midwest Collections: American and European Paintings and Sculpture, 1835–1955, Oct 13–Nov 6, 1955, cat. 20, ill.
Davenport, IA, Davenport Municipal Art Gallery, Grant Wood and the American Scene, Feb 3–24, 1957, cat. 5, ill. p. 5.
Lake Forest, IL, Durand Art Institute, Lake Forest College, A Century Of American Painting: Masterpieces Loaned by The Art Institute of Chicago, Jun 10–16, 1957, cat. 24.
Brooklyn Museum of Art, Face of America: The History of Portraiture in the United States, Nov 13, 1957–Jan 26, 1958, cat. 92, fig. 41.
Washington, DC, Corcoran Gallery of Art, The American Muse: Parallel Trends in Literature and Art, Apr 4–May 17, 1959, cat. 130.
Art Institute of Chicago, Art in Illinois, In Honor of the Illinois Sesquicentennial, Jun 15–Sep 8, 1968, p. 10.
Art Institute of Chicago, 100 Artists, 100 Years: Alumni of the SAIC, Centennial Exhibition, Nov 23, 1979–Jan 20, 1980, cat. 112, ill. p. 35.
New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, Grant Wood: The Regionalist Vision, Jun 16–Sep 4, 1983, cat. 25, pl. 32; Minneapolis Institute of Arts, Sep 25, 1983–Jan 1, 1984; Art Institute of Chicago, Jan 21–Apr 15, 1984; San Francisco, M. H. DeYoung Memorial Museum, May 12–Aug 12, 1984.
Omaha, NE, Joslyn Art Museum, Grant Wood: An American Master Revealed, Dec 10, 1995–Feb 25, 1996, cat. 14, pl. 16; Davenport, IA, Davenport Museum of Art, Mar 23–Sep 8, 1996; Worcester, MA, Worcester Art Museum, Oct 6–Dec 31, 1996.
New York, The Whitney Museum of American Art, The American Century: Art and Culture, 1900–1950, Apr 23–Aug 22, 1999, cat. 435, color ill. p. 225.
Cedar Rapids, IA, Cedar Rapids Museum of Art, Grant Wood at 5 Turner Alley, Sep 10–Dec 4, 2005.
Renwick Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, Grant Wood’s Studio: Birthplace of American Gothic, Mar 10–Jun 11, 2006.
Des Moines Art Center, After Many Springs: Art in the Midwest in the 1930s, Jan 30–Mar 30, 2009.
Art Institute of Chicago, America After the Fall: Painting in the 1930s, Jun 5–Sep 18, 2016; Paris, Musee de l’Orangerie, Oct 15, 2016–Jan 30, 2017; London, Royal Academy, Feb 25–Jun 4, 2017, cat. 47.
New York, Whitney Museum of American Art, Grant Wood: American Gothic and Other Fables, Mar 2-Jun 10, 2018, no cat no., pl. 33, checklist p. 259.
The artist; sold to the Art Institute of Chicago, November 1930.
Art Access: Modern and Contemporary Art
Til We Meet Again, 1935
In the Spring, 1939
Family Doctor, 1940
Midnight Alarm, 1939
July Fifteenth, 1938
The Pump, 1937
Fertility, 1939
December Afternoon, 1940, published 1941
Fruits, 1939
Vegetables, 1939
Tame Flowers, 1939
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Art FocusSotheby's ViewMonet and Koons Set World Records in Art Auctions
A painting by Claude Monet, one of the Meules (Haystacks) series, depicting rural life near his home in the Normandy region, has set world records by selling for $110.7m (£85.7m). Shortly after, a sculpture by US pop artist Jeff Koons sold for $91.1m (£71m), breaking the record price for a work by a living artist.
Claude Monet: Meules, 1890 – image courtesy Sotheby’s
The Monet painting from 1890 was the first Impressionist work to achieve over $100m. It was last auctioned in 1986, when it fetched just $2.5m. A Sotheby’s press release said the painting is now the ninth-most expensive work ever sold at auction. Its unnamed buyer reportedly beat five other bidders at the sale in New York.
There are 25 paintings in Monet’s Haystacks series, mostly now on display in art galleries around the world. This is one of only four of his works to be auctioned this century.
Jeff Koons – Rabbit, 1986 – image courtesy Christie’s
Rabbit, a sculpture by US pop artist Jeff Koons, sold for $91.1m (£71m), breaking the record price for a work by a living artist. Christie’s in New York sold the 41in (104cm) steel cast of an inflatable, created in 1986, for more than $20m over its estimated price, again to an unnamed buyer. It beats the previous record for a work by a living artist set by David Hockney in November 2018.
On its website Christie’s described Rabbit as “cute, sinister, cartoonish, imposing, vacuous, sexy, chilling, dazzling and iconic”. It is one of Jeff Koons’ most well-known pieces. The US artist’s sculptures have provoked controversy for decades since he emerged as a leading figure in New York’s art scene in the 1980s.
Auction Highlights: Basquiat, Monet & More
Works by Claude Monet Set to Be in the Tate Britain’s Exhibition
Controversial Artist Jeff Koons Brings His Neo-Pop Masterpieces to the Ashmolean
Mini John Cooper Works Clubman and Countryman Are Most Powerful Models Yet
Mysterious Voynich Manuscript Decoded by British Academic
American Contemporary Artist Joshua Hagler Brings Chimera Show to London
Velázquez’s Lost Portrait of Feminist Icon Olimpia Pamphilj for Auction in Sotheby’s Old Masters Sale
Lyon and Turnbull Launches “Bright Souls” Exhibition Focusing on Britain’s First Female Artists
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Clients & Matters
Courts Say the Darndest Things: Bill Cosby and the Public’s Interest in Litigation
Author: Michael Dorsi
Last summer, a federal judge in Pennsylvania ruled in favor of unsealing Bill Cosby’s sworn testimony concerning the use of Quaaludes (Methaqualone) in sexual assaults against women.[1] The result should stand as a warning to litigants: you cannot guarantee that a sealed document will remain sealed.
Both federal[2] and California[3] law permit filing motions under seal — out of public view — but both impose restrictions and somewhat unpredictable tests.
In federal cases, Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 controls. The Rule is very vague, stating “The court may, for good cause, issue an order to protect a party or person from annoyance, embarrassment, oppression, or undue burden or expense . . . .” A similarly vague test applies in California.”[4] While cases on the subject give attorneys a guide on what subjects to address, outcomes remain difficult to predict.
The fact that both parties to a case agree to seal records is insufficient.[5] California law explicitly states “The court must not permit a record to be filed under seal based solely on the agreement or stipulation of the parties.”[6] Courts faced with two-party motions to seal often reject those motions, viewing it as their job to police the public interest in knowledge of what happens in courts.
What happened in the Cosby case is similar. Both parties had wanted certain records sealed. Due to an unusual posture (explored in Part II of this series), the Court did not rule on sealing until years later the Associated Press sought the records. When it comes to filing under seal, there are no guarantees, even years after a case is closed.
[1] See Order (link), Memorandum Order (link).
[2] Fed. R. Civ. Proc. 26(c)(1)(F), (H).
[3] Cal. Rules of Court 2.550, 2.551.
[4] Cal. Rule of Court 2.550(d) (“The court may order that a record be filed under seal only if it expressly finds facts that establish: (1) There exists an overriding interest that overcomes the right of public access to the record; (2) The overriding interest supports sealing the record; (3) A substantial probability exists that the overriding interest will be prejudiced if the record is not sealed; (4) The proposed sealing is narrowly tailored; and (5) No less restrictive means exist to achieve the overriding interest.”)
[5] See Savaglio v. Wal–Mart Stores, Inc., 149 Cal.App.4th 588, 600 (2007).
[6] Cal. Rule of Court 2.551(a).
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 8, 2015 February 1, 2019 Categories BlogLeave a comment on Courts Say the Darndest Things: Bill Cosby and the Public’s Interest in Litigation
Courts Say the Darndest Things II: Bill Cosby and Procedural Tricks
The Cosby case presented an unusual situation. The filings under seal were pending future review concerning sealing when the case settled. As a result, the Court did not rule until the Associated Press sought review years later.[1]
Settlements sometimes preserve confidentiality, but they cannot be relied on to happen at the right time. Sometimes litigants need to make a motion, and need to present the evidence they want sealed in order to provide adequate support for the motion. This can be a tricky situation for counsel.
The timing of motions permits state-court litigants more room to maneuver on noticed motions, at least compared to federal court litigants in the Northern District of California. California permits a party to file a redacted motion and conditionally lodge the un-redacted version of the motion under seal.[2]
Because the timing rules are the same for the motion to seal and any other motion other than summary judgment, the underlying motion often will be heard on the same or a later date than the motion to seal.
If the moving party prevails on the motion to seal, then that party is secure — at least for the time being. If the moving party loses a motion to seal, the filing under seal is returned to the moving party unless that party directs otherwise.[3] If the moving party also loses the underlying motion, then the moving party may be perfectly happy to have the moving papers not appear in the file. The difficult situation arises when the moving party prevails on the underlying motion but loses the motion to seal. At that point, the litigant must decide what is more important: obtaining relief on the motion or keeping the records out of public view.
Underlying Motion Granted, Motion to Seal Granted (moving party satisfied) Underlying Motion Granted, Motion to Seal Denied (moving party’s dilemma)
Underlying Motion Denied, Motion to Seal Granted (moving party maintains confidentiality) Underlying Motion Denied, Motion to Seal Denied (moving party has option to withdraw sealed papers)[4]
As a result, in California state court, a moving party that arranges the calendar well can guarantee that the motion to seal only matters if the party wins the motion.
In federal court, the Northern District’s local rules prevent this situation by employing an administrative motion process, which causes the motion to seal to be fully briefed in five days.[5] and that motion to be decided promptly, well before any ruling on the underling motion.[6]
[1] Memorandum Order (link)
[2] Cal. Rule of Court 2.551(b)(4).
[4] This blog post does not explore whether withdrawing such papers has an effect on preserving rights for appeal. As with any litigation decision, parties should consult with an attorney.
[5] N.D. Cal. L.R. 7-11.
[6] N.D. Cal. L.R. 7-11(c), 79-5(f).
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 12, 2015 February 1, 2019 Categories BlogLeave a comment on Courts Say the Darndest Things II: Bill Cosby and Procedural Tricks
Mike Dorsi Quoted in Daily Journal on Ninth Circuit Oral Argument in U.S. v. Nosal
Following Ad Astra’s work on the NovelPoster v. Javitch Canfield Group matter, David Nied and Mike Dorsi filed an amicus curiae brief in the Ninth Circuit to provide the Court with input on how their decision in U.S. v. Nosal could affect civil litigants. Shortly before the hearing, a reporter reached out to Mike and David. Mike’s comments were the last word in the article that ran on October 18, 2015. Mike’s bog posts about the oral argument can be found here.
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 18, 2015 Categories News and PublicationsLeave a comment on Mike Dorsi Quoted in Daily Journal on Ninth Circuit Oral Argument in U.S. v. Nosal
Computer Crime Returns to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal
Author: Michael Dorsi[1]
Tomorrow the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit will hear argument in United States v. Nosal, a case testing the meaning of the federal computer crime laws.
Petitioner David Nosal was convicted of a felony for his participation in a conspiracy by former employees of the executive search firm Korn/Ferry. The trial court found Nosal guilty of violating the federal Computer Fraud and Abuse Act[2] (“CFAA”) because his co-conspirators[3] used a password belonging to a then-employee of Korn/Ferry. After a jury trial, the district court concluded that the co-conspirators’ access was not authorized, and that using a current employee’s password falls within the CFAA.
This is the third time that the Ninth Circuit will hear argument in this case. In 2011, a three-judge panel considered an appeal of the dismissal of several charges. That panel reversed the district court, but on review en banc in 2012, the Ninth Circuit reversed the panel decision and affirmed the district court’s dismissal of causes of action. That decision held that the CFAA only prohibited wrongful access to — not wrongful use — protected computers and material found on those computers. Judge Kozinski’s opinion for the en banc panel[4] suggested that the court was concerned about the broad reach of the statute, but stopped short of striking down the statute for unconstitutional vagueness and overbreadth. That opinion considered but did not conclude that circumvention of a technological access barrier would be required to find a CFAA violation.
Interestingly, one of the eleven judges from the en banc decision in 2012, Judge M. Margaret McKeown, is on tomorrow’s panel. And during the en banc oral argument, Judge McKeown engaged in a brief colloquy with defense attorney Ted Sampsell-Jones, attempting to distinguish the charges now on appeal from those on appeal during the 2011 oral argument. Judge McKeown and Mr. Sampsell-Jones considered an analogy between passwords and keys to doors. Judge McKeown appeared to be under the impression that the defendants had kept their working passwords — like keeping a key after leaving — when in fact they used the password of a current employee. The text of the exchange suggests that Judge McKeown may not be as supportive of the defense argument now as she was in 2011–12:
“Mr. Sampsell-Jones: I don’t think that’s quite the same as picking a lock or stealing.
Judge McKeown: Well the one who’s left, has a key that he or she didn’t, quote, turn in, so to speak.
Mr. Sampsell-Jones: No the one who’s left doesn’t have a key anymore. The one who has left gets the key consensually from the one who is still there.
Judge McKeown: That’s called hacking.”[5]
While a single question is not entirely useful in forecasting the outcome, it will be interesting to see if Judge McKeown revisits the same question tomorrow.
[1] Mr. Dorsi is an associate at Ad Astra Law Group, counsel for amicus curiae NovelPoster. NovelPoster’s brief can be found here. All briefs are available online on a page hosted by the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
[2] The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act is codified at 18 U.S.C. § 1030. Mr. Nosal was convicted for his violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1030(a)(4).
[3] There are also arguments about whether Mr. Nosal can be guilty by way of conspiracy for these actions. Those arguments will not fit into a brief blog post, but are addressed in the briefs.
[4] 676 F.3d 854 (9th Cir. 2012).
[5] Oral Argument, Nosal, supra, 676 F.3d 854, at 46:45–47:10, available at http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/media/view_video.php?pk_vid=0000006176.
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 19, 2015 Categories BlogTags CFAA, Ninth Circuit, NosalLeave a comment on Computer Crime Returns to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal
Can Insiders be Guilty of Computer Hacking? Ad Astra attorney Michael Dorsi is interviewed
Among the questions posed in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals case of United States v. Nosal is whether a person can be convicted under an “anti-hacking statute” if they do not circumvent a technical or code-based access barrier. Ross Todd from The Recorder[1] interviewed Ad Astra associate Michael Dorsi and quoted Mr. Dorsi on the difficulty of defining a technical access barrier. The underlying events in the Nosal case took place in 2004. As stated in The Recorder:
Dorsi said one need only look at how long Nosal’s case has been pending to see the problem with tying CFAA allegations to some sort of technology-based standard.
Said Dorsi, “If we do end up with a ‘technological access barrier’ standard we will constantly be catching up with the question of ‘What is a barrier?’
In addition to its work on NovelPoster, Ad Astra Law Group presently represents workers’ compensation law firm Reyes & Barsoum in ongoing CFAA litigation in Los Angeles County Superior Court against another law firm, Knox Ricksen.
[1] Ross Todd, Nosal Appeal Could Extend Limits on Computer Hacking Law, The Recorder, October 16, 2015, available at http://www.therecorder.com/id=1202740085781/Nosal-Appeal-Could-Extend-Limits-on-Computer-Hacking-Law
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 22, 2015 February 1, 2019 Categories BlogTags anti-hacking statute, CFAA, United States v. NosalLeave a comment on Can Insiders be Guilty of Computer Hacking? Ad Astra attorney Michael Dorsi is interviewed
California Prison System Issues First of its Kind Policy in Response to Ad Astra Litagation
Author: Herman J. Hoying
Yesterday, in response to pro bono litigation handled by Ad Astra Senior Counsel Herman Hoying, the California prison system became the first in the country to issue a policy providing guidelines for sex reassignment surgery as a treatment option for transgender inmates. Ad Astra, along with co-counsel the Transgender Law Center and Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, represent two transgender inmates, Michelle-Lael Norsworthy and Shiloh Quine, seeking access to adequate medical care and equitable treatment under the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
The State’s policy comes on the heels of two extraordinary victories in the lawsuits. In April 2015, the Northern District of California issued an unprecedented preliminary injunction requiring the California prison system to provide Ms. Norsworthy with sex reassignment surgery “as promptly as possible.” The State subsequently released Ms. Norsworthy on parole the day before the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals was set to hear its appeal of that decision. In August 2015, the State agreed to a settlement in Ms. Quine’s case, pursuant to which it agreed to provide her with sex reassignment surgery and to revise its policies with regard to sex reassignment surgery and transgender inmates’ access to gender-specific personal property. The Quine settlement constituted the first time any state has agreed to provide sex reassignment surgery for an inmate.
Author Scripta Ad Astra StaffPosted on October 23, 2015 Categories News and PublicationsLeave a comment on California Prison System Issues First of its Kind Policy in Response to Ad Astra Litagation
Welcome to the Ad Astra Law Group, LLP Blog!
Federal Judge Holds California’s Death Penalty Unconstitutional
Demurrers to Answers: Changing the Practice of Drafting Defenses
Opinion Roundup: California District Courts and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act – January 2014 through June 2014 – Part One
Back to School Special on Estate Plans
Opinion Roundup: California District Courts and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act – January 2014 through June 2014 – Part Two
Opinion Roundup: California District Courts and the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act – January 2014 through June 2014 – Part Three
2014 ABC Desk Guide
NSF Funds New UCLA Cybersecurity Research Center and Other News
Congressman Darrell Issa Not Happy With The Federal Trade Commission Taking Action Against LabMD For Data Security Breaches
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Friday, Apr 26, 2019 08:35 PM
Josh Rosen Traded To Dolphins; Cardinals Take Andy Isabella
Photo by Butch Dill/AP
UMass wide receiver Andy Isabella was the Cardinals' second second-round pick after the team traded away QB Josh Rosen to the Dolphins.
The Cardinals drafted Kyler Murray Thursday night. They traded away Josh Rosen Friday night.
The selection of Murray, the Oklahoma quarterback, with the first pick of the 2019 draft meant that they needed to move Rosen, the quarterback who had been their first-round pick of the 2018 draft. That came late in the second round, when he was sent to the Dolphins for a second-round choice – 62nd overall – and a 2020 fifth-round pick.
"We were very high on Josh Rosen and certainly we were fine to keep him," General Manager Steve Keim said. "I think there were a number of things that went into (trading him), a sliding scale. ... Our goal all along was to get four players (with the first round) in our top 50. Not only did we do that, we got four players in our top 35, which about as good as I have seen with us recently.
"All of us are big fans of Josh Rosen. We wish him well and I think he'll have a heck of a career in the NFL."
The Cards then took University of Massachusetts wide receiver Andy Isabella with the Dolphins’ choice.
It ends a brief 24-hour period of awkwardness on the Cards’ roster. Keim said Thursday night he wasn’t just going to give Rosen away. But it was clear the team wanted to make a deal. Keim said he didn't see it as Rosen not working out with the Cardinals.
"The bottom line is we had the opportunity to get a player we think can be special" in Murray, Keim said.
Thank you @AZCardinals
Hello @MiamiDolphins pic.twitter.com/yNb81On0dD
— Josh Rosen (@josh3rosen) April 27, 2019
Keim said he never actively shopped Rosen in trade prior to the draft, but had conversations with multiple teams from the Scouting combine on the subject. "A team has to make a hard offer, and I always leave that door open," Keim added.
Isabella isn’t big, officially 5-foot-9 and 188 pounds. But he put up big numbers at UMass as a senior, with 102 catches for 1,698 yards and 13 touchdowns. He also can fly, posting a 4.31 40-yard dash at the Scouting combine and giving the Cardinals the speed as a deep threat.
The Cardinals know Isabella well; new Cardinals offensive quality control coach Spencer Whipple was the UMass passing game coordinator during Isabella’s college career and served as Isabella’s position coach through Isabella’s junior year.
“They were definitely on my radar,” Isabella said. “I didn’t think it was going to happen, but hey, I can’t wait to be a Cardinal."
Keim said Isabella "brings a different skillset we don't currently have, which is the footspeed and explosiveness to take the top off." Keim said Isabella, despite playing at a small school, was productive against the bigger programs he played against and showed well at the Senior Bowl.
Isabella said he expects to line up in the slot, and that during his Scouting combine meeting he got a chance to talk about Kliff Kingsbury’s offense with Kingsbury himself. Isabella also went to lunch with Cardinals receivers coach David Raih after UMass’ pro day.
Kingsbury said Isabella has the ability to play inside and outside. Some pundits connected Isabella with the Patriots given his stature, his college and even have compared him to Patriots star Julian Edelman.
“That’s a cool comparison,” Isabella said. “He’s probably going to be a Hall of Famer. That’s something I’d love to be, maybe.”
He brushed aside being part of the Rosen trade, saying “I’m just here to play.” Besides, his thoughts were on his new teammate and the Cardinals’ new quarterback, Kyler Murray.
“I was kind of star-struck, walking around with him at the combine,” Isabella said. “Never got to talk to him but I can’t wait to play with him.”
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Iran, Kyrgyzstan to establish bilateral relations in number of sectors
Iran and Kyrgyzstan intend to establish bilateral relations in a number of industries. To implement this goal, the parties signed a long-term cooperation agreement with the plan for the next 10 years, Kabar reports.
Ambassador of Iran to the Kyrgyz Republic Ali Mojtaba Ruzbehani during a meeting with journalists on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries said that in the first place this agreement provides for the development of economic relations and the increase in trade turnover between the parties.
"We signed a long-term agreement on 10-year cooperation, which provides for the development of bilateral relations in all areas. But the main emphasis is on the development of trade and economic relations. We have a great will to implement it, and we are optimistic," the ambassador said.
He also pointed out that Kyrgyzstan has great potential in tourism, and the diplomatic mission of Iran will carry out all sorts of activities to attract tourists from among its compatriots.
"Kyrgyzstan has a great potential in the sphere of tourism, and we will be able to attract our compatriots to your fertile land. You have a great future in this direction. Iran also has its own opportunities in terms of medical and other types of tourism, which may also interest Kyrgyz people to visit our country," the ambassador added.
He stressed that, they are making every effort to activate this industry, as evidenced by the measures taken to launch direct flights between Iran and Kyrgyzstan.
Iran ELECOMP exhibition focuses to expand ties with neighbors - minister
ELECOMP exhibition underway in Tehran [PHOTO]
French popular cars appear in Iran
Iran, Sri Lanka negotiate tea trade
Nearly 40,000 foreigners study at Iranian universities: Official
Iran to continue oil exports under any circumstances – Foreign Minister
One person killed in shooting in northern Tehran
Iran exports 373,000 tones of products via Qasr-e Shirin County
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Health Problems in Pregnancy
Molar pregnancy
Written by BabyCenter Staff
Reviewed by the BabyCenter Medical Advisory Board
What is a molar pregnancy?
How common are molar pregnancies?
What causes a molar pregnancy?
How would I know if I had a molar pregnancy?
What's the treatment for a molar pregnancy?
When can I try to get pregnant again?
How can I cope with my sense of fear and loss?
A molar pregnancy happens when a fertilized egg develops into a growth called a mole instead of into a normal embryo. You may still have typical pregnancy symptoms in the beginning. But eventually you'll have bleeding and other symptoms that indicate something is wrong.
It can be scary and sad to lose a pregnancy this way. But as long as you get proper treatment, you're unlikely to have any long-term physical consequences.
About 1 in 1,500 pregnancies in the United States is a molar pregnancy. If you're under age 20 or over age 35, or if you've had a previous molar pregnancy, or two or more miscarriages, your chances of having a molar pregnancy are higher. Women of Southeast Asian descent also seem to have a higher risk of molar pregnancy.
A molar pregnancy happens when there are certain problems with the genetic information (the chromosomes) in the fertilized egg at conception. The result is that the egg may develop into a growth with no embryo (this is called a complete mole) or an abnormal embryo (a partial mole).
In normal pregnancies, the fertilized egg contains 23 chromosomes from the father and 23 from the mother. This isn't the case with a molar pregnancy.
In most complete molar pregnancies, the fertilized egg contains two copies of the chromosomes from the father and none from the mother. In this case, there's no embryo, amniotic sac, or any normal placental tissue. Instead, the placenta forms a mass of cysts that looks like a cluster of grapes.
In most partial molar pregnancies, the fertilized egg has the normal set of chromosomes from the mother and two sets from the father, so there are 69 chromosomes instead of the normal 46. (This can happen when chromosomes from the sperm are duplicated or when two sperm fertilize the same egg.)
In a partial molar pregnancy, there's some normal placental tissue among the cluster of abnormal tissue. The embryo does begin to develop, so there may be a fetus or just some fetal tissue or an amniotic sac. But even if a fetus is present, in most cases it's so abnormal that it can't survive.
Early on, you might have typical pregnancy symptoms, but at some point you'll begin to have some spotting or heavier bleeding. It might be bright red or a brownish discharge, continuous or intermittent, light or heavy. This bleeding could start as early as six weeks into your pregnancy or as late as 12 weeks.
You might also have severe nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramping, and abdominal swelling (because your uterus may grow more rapidly than usual).
Some women develop preeclampsia before midpregnancy if they have an undiagnosed molar pregnancy. However, because ultrasound helps practitioners diagnose molar pregnancies earlier these days, it's rare to carry one long enough for this condition to develop.
Call your doctor or midwife right away if you have any spotting or bleeding during your pregnancy. These symptoms don't necessarily signal a molar pregnancy, but your practitioner will probably order an ultrasound to find out what's causing them and may do a blood test to measure your levels of the hormone hCG. If you do have a molar pregnancy, the ultrasound will show cysts that look like a cluster of grapes in your uterus, and your levels of hCG will be higher than normal.
If you're diagnosed with a molar pregnancy, you'll need a D&C (dilation and curettage) or suction curettage to remove the abnormal tissue. This procedure can be done under general or regional anesthesia, or you can be sedated intravenously.
To perform a D&C, the doctor inserts a speculum into the vagina, cleans the cervix and vagina with an antiseptic solution, and dilates the cervix with narrow metal rods. She then passes a hollow plastic tube through the cervix and suctions out the tissue from the uterus. Finally, she uses a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette to gently scrape the rest of the tissue from the walls of the uterus.
You'll most likely also have a chest X-ray afterward to see whether abnormal cells from the molar pregnancy have spread to your lungs. It's rare for these cells to spread to other parts of the body, but if they do, the lungs are the most common site.
Your practitioner will then want to monitor your levels of hCG once a week to make sure they're declining – an indication that no molar tissue remains. Once the levels go down to zero for a few weeks in a row, you'll still have to have them checked every month or two for the next year.
Occasionally, abnormal cells remain after the tissue is removed. This happens in up to 11 percent of women with partial moles and 18 to 29 percent of women with complete moles and it's called persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.
In most cases, the persistent moles can be treated with chemotherapy. But a very small number of them (1 in 20,000 to 40,000) will advance to a form of malignant cancer called gestational choriocarcinoma.
With prompt and appropriate treatment, nearly 100 percent of cases of gestational choriocarcinoma are curable when it hasn't spread beyond the uterus. Even in rare cases in which the abnormal cells have spread to other organs, 80 to 90 percent of cases can be cured. After you're in complete remission, you'll need to have your hCG levels monitored for a year, and possibly other regular testing.
(One thing to note: If you decide you don't want another pregnancy, you might opt for a hysterectomy instead of a D&C, because it lowers your risk that the abnormal cells will return. Women over 40 who have complete moles are often offered this option because they're at particular risk.)
No matter what kind of treatment you've received, you'll need to wait a year after your hCG levels go back down to zero before trying to get pregnant again. If you got pregnant before then, your hCG levels would rise and it would be impossible for your practitioner to tell whether abnormal tissue was growing back.
The good news is that having a molar pregnancy doesn't affect your fertility or ability to have a normal pregnancy, even if you've had chemotherapy. You're not at any increased risk for stillbirth, birth defects, preterm delivery, or other complications. And your odds of having another molar pregnancy are only 1 to 2 percent. You'll have a first-trimester ultrasound in any subsequent pregnancies to make sure all is well.
Having a molar pregnancy can be frightening. Like any woman who has miscarried, you're dealing with the loss of your pregnancy, but in this case, you've had an unusual condition that most people have never heard of and you're concerned for your own health as well.
You'll have to go in for at least a year of weekly or monthly follow-up visits before you can try to conceive again, and you may be very anxious about the possibility of having persistent abnormal cells. If you do have persistent disease, treatment with chemotherapy can be very draining and can delay your next pregnancy even longer.
You may feel devastated by your experience. Your partner may also be feeling sad or helpless and may have trouble figuring out how to express those feelings or how to be supportive. It's perfectly okay to seek counseling if you think it will help you or your partner. Ask your caregiver where to get counseling or find support groups. Get support and advice on molar pregnancy or in the BabyCenter Community.
Show sources
ACOG. 2004 (reaffirmed 2008). Practice bulletin 53: Diagnosis and treatment of gestational trophoblasic disease. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
ACOG. Undated. Early pregnancy loss. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
Berkowitz RS, et al. 2009. Molar pregnancy. New England Journal of Medicine 360:1639-45. http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcp0900696
March of Dimes. Undated. Ectopic and molar pregnancy. http://www.marchofdimes.com/Baby/loss_ectopic.html
Mayo Clinic. Undated. Molar pregnancy. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/molar-pregnancy/DS01155
Early pregnancy failure (blighted ovum)
Is it true that stress, fright, and other emotional distress can cause a miscarriage?
Miscarriage: Signs, causes, and treatment
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Tag Archive | regret
#The Memory of You by Jamie Beck–Review–5 stars–#NetGalley
An Exciting New Read by Jamie Beck–Coming 10/30/18
The Memory of You is an engaging, emotional and well-written novel.
Twenty-nine-year-old, Steffi Lockwood is a businesswoman, driven, and independent. She owns a refurbishing company, with her close friend, Claire. Lately, Steffi has become irritated, over her friend’s nagging. Steffi admits that her dissociative episodes were puzzling and bothersome, but not enough, to see a specialist. Steffi has already checked with her neurologist and was satisfied with his findings. Claire disagreed and wanted her partner to seek a second opinion. Steffi refused to see any more doctors, and counseling was out of the question. Steffi would reconsider, however, when her stubbornness, put a little girl in danger.
Letting go of Ryan Quinn, was Steffi’s biggest regret in life. She left him ten years ago without saying a word. Ryan was devastated. He took up with a girl who was the complete opposite of Steffi. When Val, his rebound girlfriend, announced that she was pregnant, he married her.
While working on divorce negotiations, Ryan moved back into his mother’s house, taking his daughter, Emmy, with him. Ryan was livid when he found Steffi Lockwood with his mother. Steffi’s heart stopped when she saw the man, whom she has loved forever. Although she knew that she had no reason to expect forgiveness from Ryan, she desperately wanted it.
Life is never black and white. It’s messy, complicated and filled with hope, happiness, hurts, and disappointments. The Memory of You is a well-written, emotional book, about relationships, divorce, forgiveness, and love. I cared about the characters right from the start and was emotionally invested in their lives. I loved this book and can’t wait to read the next in the series.
Thank you Montlake Romance and NetGalley, for my advanced review copy
~5 out of 5 stars~
Amazon B&N
Bio (from author’s page on Amazon)
National bestselling author Jamie Beck’s realistic and heartwarming stories have sold more than one million copies. She is a Booksellers’ Best Award and National Readers’ Choice Award finalist, and her books have hit Heavy.com’s “Top 10 Romance Novels of 2015” and have been selected as a Woman’s World Book Club pick. Critics at Kirkus, Publishers Weekly, and Booklist have respectively called her work “smart,” “uplifting,” and “entertaining.” In addition to writing novels, she enjoys dancing around the kitchen while cooking and hitting the slopes in Vermont and Utah. Above all, she is a grateful wife and mother to a very patient, supportive family.
Fans can learn more about her on the web (www.jamiebeck.com), which includes a fun extras page with photos, videos, and playlists. She also loves interacting with everyone on Facebook (www.facebook.com/JamieBeckBooks). And to enter my monthly birthday sweepstakes, join my newsletter at http://bit.ly/1V0d7Qi. NO SPAM–EVER.
This entry was posted on 10/01/2018, in Contemporary, Family, Favorite, Favorite Authors, Fiction, literary Fiction, Reviews, Reviews & More, Women's Fiction and tagged Book Blogging, divorce, forgiveness, Jamie Beck, Peg Glover Reviews, regret. 2 Comments
This Could Change Everything by Jill Mansell–Review-5 Stars
Don’t Miss This Fabulous Women’s Fiction Novel by Jill Mansell, This Could Change Everything. Coming 6/5/18!
I have read several books by Jill Mansell and have never been disappointed. Her latest book, This Could Change Everything, is no exception. I absolutely loved it; the characters, the plot, the humor. The characters are lifelike, and crafted with, quirky personalities, raw emotion and witty dialogue.
My two favorite characters are Zillah and Essie. Zillah is an eccentric and warmhearted senior, and Essie, a witty and thoughtful woman who is renting an apartment from Zillah.
Essie writes a letter, which is meant for her best friend, Scarlett’s eyes only. Essie wrote about her life, her boyfriend, and her boyfriend’s mother. She never expected the letter to go viral, but it did. So within twenty-four hours, Essie’s world collapsed. She was dumped by her boyfriend and became homeless, jobless, and lonely. Essie thought her life was ruined, but in reality, it was just about to begin.
Flamboyant eighty-three-year old, Zillah, has a good heart. She enjoys helping people and making their wishes come true. She wasn’t always like this, though, and the guilt for past deeds, weighed heavily on her. Zillah tried to cover the pain with loving actions, but the ache of regret, was always there, just under the surface.
Although this book is a light, entertaining read, it has depth. It covers thought-provoking subjects, such as betrayal, alcoholism, survivor’s guilt, and regret. The book is not depressing, however, it’s heartwarming, touching and sprinkled with lots of humor. I finished the book in one day, because I didn’t want to put it down. I loved every page. If you’re looking to find a well-written, and enjoyable, romantic read, look no further. Highly recommended.
Thank you, Sourcebooks-Landmark and NetGalley, for my advanced review copy.
~5 out of 5 stars~Review by Peg Glover
Hi, I’m Jill Mansell and I live in Bristol in the UK with my family. I worked for many years in a neurological hospital but for the last two decades have been a full time novelist of happy, sad, funny, feel-good fiction. Sales of my books around the world now total nine million and I’ve only just realised as I’m typing this now that over the years I must have made an awful lot of people laugh and cry. Sorry!
This entry was posted on 05/20/2018, in Contemporary, Favorite, Favorite Authors, Fiction, Humor, literary Fiction, Reviews, Reviews & More, Romance and tagged Book Blogging, forgiveness, Jill Mansell, Peg Glover Reviews, regret. 2 Comments
The Optimist’s Guide to Letting Go by Amy E. Reichert–4 Stars
The Optimist’s Guide to Letting Go is a captivating, heart-wrenching and touching story.
Lorraine realized that the easiest way to do something was not necessarily the best way. When the love of her life, Joe, died, instead of bringing up her two children alone, Lorraine sought the help of her estranged parents. Her father insisted that she marry well. Within weeks she was married to a man who would provide for her, and her children, financially. This would not be a marriage based on love though. Floyd needed a ready-made family and Lorraine, needed financial security. The catch was, unfortunately, that her children were never to know that Joe, was their real father. It would be as if he never existed. This secret would cost Lorraine, dearly.
Gina always tried to look on the bright side of life. Some days; however, it seemed to be too much of a task. Gina, loved her mother, Lorraine, she just didn’t like her, sometimes. Lorraine was always finding fault with Gina, and the way she raised, May, her daughter. Gina lost her husband two years ago and although she knew May’s coldness towards her, was just grief over losing her father; it still stung.
When Lorraine’s health failed her, Gina discovered the secret; Lorraine had buried for forty years. Although this truth was shocking, it was the catalyst for Gina’s healing. Gina, like her mother, had married a man she loved but lost him. Vicky, Gina’s sister, had married for convenience only, so it was no surprise when she found herself, caught in a loveless marriage. Neither Gina nor Vicky could move on with their lives until they learned to truly let go; Gina, the man she lost, and Vicky, the marriage that brought her pain.
This book is about grief, letting go, and learning to live again. The Optimist’s Guide To Letting Go is a captivating story that touches the heart.
Thank you, Galley Books and NetGalley, for my advanced review copy.
Amy Reichert earned her MA in Literature from Marquette University, and honed her writing and editing skills as a technical writer (which is exactly as exciting as it sounds). As a newly minted member of the local library board, she loves helping readers find new books to love. She’s a life-long Wisconsin resident with (allegedly) a very noticeable accent, a patient husband, and two too-smart-for-their-own-good kids. When time allows, she loves to read, collect more cookbooks than she could possibly use, and test the limits of her DVR.
This entry was posted on 04/21/2018, in Family, Fiction, literary Fiction, Reviews, Reviews & More, Women's Fiction and tagged Amy E. Reichert, Book Blogging, loveless Marriage, Peg Glover Reviews, regret, toxic relationships, Troubled Marriages. Leave a comment
The High Tide Club by Mary Kay Andrews–Review–4.5 Stars
New Fab Release by Mary Kay Andrews–The High Tide Club–Loved It-Coming 5/8/18!
I really enjoyed The High Tide Club. It’s a well-written story about friendship and forgiveness. The book alternates between the 1940s and the present day. It takes place mostly on Talisa Island. The same Island where the eccentric Josephine Bettendorf Warrick, the sole owner of the land, lived.
Josephine is ninety-nine-years-old and dying from Cancer. She knows that her time for making amends to the High Tide Club members is running out. Although she only has one friend who is still alive, from the exclusive club, she plans on making restitution to her deceased friends, by giving to their next of kin. So Josephine hires Brooke Trappnell, a lawyer, to not only re-write her will but to also find her friend’s closest relatives. Josephine needs to confess. Her dark secrets are too much for her to bear. But, more than anything, Josephine wants forgiveness. She sincerely, hopes that it’s not too late.
The High Tide Club has a bit of everything, betrayal, heartache, romance, mystery, friendship and secrets; Lots and lots of secrets. The story has several twists and surprises, a couple of them; I never saw coming.
This book is a well-written and enjoyable story. Mary Kay Andrews knows how to spin a tale. Thank you, St. Martin’s Press and NetGalley, for my advanced review copy. I loved it.
~4.5 out of 5 stars~ Review by Peg Glover
Mary Kay Andrews is the New York Times bestselling author of the novels Beach Town, Save the Date, Christmas Bliss, Ladies’ Night, Spring Fever, and Summer Rental, all from St. Martin’s Press, as well as Savannah Breeze, Blue Christmas Hissy Fit, Little Bitty Lies and Savannah Blues, all HarperPerennial. On May 17, 2016, St. Martin’s Press will release her 24th novel, THE WEEKENDERS
A former reporter for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, she wrote ten critically acclaimed mysteries, including the Callahan Garrity mystery series, originally under her real name, Kathy Hogan Trocheck. The Callahan mysteries have recently been re-released by HarperPerennial, as Mary Kay Andrews writing as Kathy Hogan Trocheck.
A native of St. Petersburg, FL (and a diplomate of the Maas Bros. Department Store School of Charm), she started her professional journalism career in Savannah, GA, where she covered the real-life murder trials which were the basis of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil.
As a lifelong “junker” the author claims to know the location of every promising thrift store, flea market and junkpile in the southeastern United States, plus many parts of Ohio.
She has a B.A. in newspaper journalism from The University of Georgia (go Dawgs!), and is a frequent lecturer and writing teacher at workshops and book festivals.
Married to her high school sweetheart, she is the mother of two grown children and a proud grandmother. When not on book tour, she divides her time between Atlanta and her two beach cottages on Tybee Island GA.
This entry was posted on 04/19/2018, in Favorite Authors, Fiction, literary Fiction, Mystery/Suspense, Reviews, Reviews & More, Women's Fiction and tagged betrayal, Book Blogging, forgiveness, Friendship, Mary Kay Andrews, Peg Glover Reviews, regret. Leave a comment
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Top 10 best towns to visit in Tuscany
Inspiration Italy Tuscany
Known for its historic towns, rolling scenery and breathtaking coastline, Tuscany is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Italy, and arguably the most famous. It’s bursting with attractions and landmarks which dominate bucket lists, and the region is world-famous for its towns and cities. So – we’re diving into the towns we think are the best towns in Tuscany to put on your bucket list.
Florence doesn’t really need an introduction. It’s world-famous for its architecture, and has some of the most recognisable landmarks in Italy (the Duomo and the Ponte Vecchio bridge). You’ll undoubtedly want to tick both the Uffizi gallery and climbing the Duomo off your list; head the Uffizi early to avoid the crowds, before climbing the 463 steps to the top of the tower. To recreate the iconic panoramic landscape of the city, head to Piazzale Michelangelo in the Oltrarno district for the ultimate observation point of a city skyline which has barely changed in hundreds of years.
If you’re a foodie, head to either the San Lorenzo market or Mercato Centrale, both in the centre of the city – you’ll get a real sense of the freshest local products available before heading to the first floor to one of the cafes and bars which await.
If you fancy spending the day like a local, head to Santo Spirito where you’ll find fantastic coffee and wine bars and wonderfully authentic restaurants.
We recommend: heading to Cafe Gilli for coffee and breakfast – it dates back to 1733, and has a funky art nouveau interior with long marble bar
Siena is easily one of Italy’s nicest cities – located in the heart of Tuscany, it’s world famous for its art, museums and the Palio (a horse race held twice each year). The central piazza is known as Il Campo, and is dominated by the red Palazzo Pubblico and the tower Torre del Mangia. Head to the piazza for a coffee in one of the many bars there, or climb the 400 steps to the top of the tower – the surrounding countryside views are breathtaking.
The historical centre is yet another one of Italy’s UNESCO World Heritage Sites, and visitors will be spoiled for choice with landmarks to visit. It’s home to the eponymous Siena Cathedral, which is an incredible display of Romanesque-Gothic architecture (although was originally planned to be far more ambitious but war and plague put an end to these plans). It’s truly magnificent both inside and out.
We recommend: if you’re nearby for a week, head to Siena on a Wednesday – as its market day, and Siena boasts the largest market in Tuscany. It can get crowded, so head to La Lizza early so as not to miss out.
Inevitably, you think Pisa and you think leaning tower. Once you’ve taken the mandatory I’m-just-here-casually-propping-up-this-850-year-old-tower photo, it’s well worth climbing its 297 steps for a fantastic view. Whilst there, head to the Duomo (it’s next to it) and admire the wonderful renaissance interior.
Whilst in Pisa, head to the National Museum of San Matteo – you’ll find sculptural masterpieces by Nicola Pisano and Donatello, among a range of artworks, illuminated medieval manuscripts, antique ceramics and religious sculptures from the 13th century. You can buy a joint ticket for the Palazzo Reale – another museum which houses some of the Medici family’s art collection – if you’re planning on doing Pisa over a few days.
We recommend: heading to GUStO al 129 – an unusual pizzeria which specialises in dessert pizzas as well as savoury ones. It can get busy (it’s really good), so book a table in advance.
A walled medieval hill town, San Gimignano is known as the ‘town of the fine towers’ and famous for its surviving medieval architecture – including the fourteen tower houses which make the town an unmistakable presence in the landscape.
Head to the Duomo to admire the painted frescos, before heading into the streets to explore the numerous artisanal shops tucked away just off the cobbles.
For the obligatory gelato pit-stop (surely it’s not just us who can’t spend 24 hours in Italy without eating gelato?), head to Gelateria Dondoli – the owner, Sergio, is a world champion in gelato-making. You can also spend a couple of hours learning how to make your own gelato as part of one of his gelato making classes (although they are only available on Thursdays).
We recommend: visiting Podere la Marronaia for lunch – it’s a small family-run vineyard and olive farm. They produce white, red and rosé wines as well as extra virgin olive oil (all of which are available for tastings).
Lucca is the perfect town for a wander; Renaissance walls enclave cobbled streets, medieval architecture and fantastic restaurants. For a birds eye view of the city, head to the city walls — you can simply walk or hire a bike to cycle round them. At just over 4 kilometers long and 30 metres wide, the sheer scale is incredible – they house playgrounds, cafes, and picnic areas – and you’ll get a unique glimpse into local life.
Perhaps best famed for its silk production history, Lucca – as with much of Italy – is also renowned for its wine and olive oil. Oil from this area is best used in salad dressings, or you’ll find it in typically Tuscan dishes such as bruschetta or soups.
For your cultural hit, head to Lucca’s very own Duomo (in the Cathedral di San Martino), and the Piazza Anfiteatro — an old Roman Amphitheatre, it’s now home to cafes and restaurants. It’s also worth climbing to the top of the Guinigi tower, where you’ll find a stunning panoramic of the maze-like city below you. If you have a love of horticulture, pop along to the Orto Botanico Comunale di Lucca — an expansive botanical garden, founded in the early 19th Century and have been beautifully maintained since.
We recommend: heading slightly south of the town, to the Acquedotto del Nottolini – the aqueduct was once used to carry water from the mountains to the city, and it’s a truly stunning feat of architecture snaking as far as the eye can see.
Montepulciano is a wonderful medieval and Renaissance hilltop town, sitting high on a limestone ridge and overlooking the surrounding Tuscan landscape. It’s the perfect destination to wile away the day, exploring the many streets on-foot (the town is pedestrianised) and taking in the numerous embellished churches and Florentine architecture.
You can’t not visit Montepulciano without sampling its ‘pici’ pasta – a thick, hand-rolled pasta made from flour and water and akin to a fat spaghetti. The region is also known internationally for its wine production; the town is surrounded by vineyards, and home to one of first Italian wines to be recognised as denominazione di origins controllata (DOC) – the Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOC.
If you’re heading to the town in late August, look out for the Bravio delle Botti — an annual barrel race which takes place in the centre of the town on the last Sunday in August.
We recommend: booking a whole day wine tour – you’ll be able to visit multiple cellars and vineyards, with a wonderful lunch included in the heart of the the town
Volterra certainly packs a punch when it comes to ancient landmarks. You’ll find an incredible Roman amphitheatre – one of the best preserved in Italy – accompanied by the remains of Roman baths and forum. Head to the Parco Archeologico Enrico Fiumi, which is surrounded by the remains of the Etruscan walls built in the 4th century B.C. It’s worth seeking out the gates – there are six, of which Ports all’Arco is the oldest and most intact.
Known as the ‘city of alabaster’, you’ll find plenty of ornaments begging to become souvenirs. There’s also a museum dedicated to the distinctive stone, which tells the story behind the ancient craft – from its production to commoditisation. It’s also worth heading to the Guarnacci museum, which showcases a spectacular array of alabaster sculptures from the Etruscan era.
We recommend: book in advance to visit the Medicean Fortress (known as Maschio); it’s a high security prison which hosts sporadic open restaurant nights at the eponymous Fortezza Medicea
Perhaps most famous for its immortalisation in Under the Tuscan Sun, Cortona is a town often visited by travellers exploring this region in Italy. Like Volterra, Cortona is also a walled city with an impressive view over the surrounding valley and out towards Lake Trasimeno.
It would be a shame to visit Cortona without visiting the Etruscan Academy Museum of Cortona (MAEC); it’s one of the most comprehensive Etruscan museums in the world, and is continually evolving as new artefacts emerge. Many of the Etruscan artefacts were sourced in the nearby Archaeological park of Sodo.
Head slightly outside of Cortona and you’ll find the Monastery of Celle, which was the first monastery built by St. Francesco of Assisi in the early 13th Century – the monastery is still in use today, and visitors can visit the cell he lived in.
We recommend: visiting the Etruscan tombs, which are just outside of Cortona — there are several different sites to peruse
Believed to have once been one of the twelve most important Etruscan cities, Arezzo is now a vibrant town bursting with the obligatory art and architecture famed in this region of Italy. One of the wealthiest cities in Tuscany thanks to its gold-smithing heritage, you’ll find Arezzo at the crossroads of four valleys.
It would be amiss to visit Arezzo without climbing the Medici Fortress; once an intimidating five-point structure it now provides a 360-degree view of Arezzo and beyond. Constructed between 1538 and 1560, the fortress showcases its architectural evolution over the succeeding years as well as explosion damage from a partial dismantlement in the 19th Century.
One of the quirkier events hosted biannually is the Saracen Joust — the tradition dates back to the 16th Century, when the jousting was utilised as part of military training. Nowadays (thankfully for spectators) it’s purely ceremonial.
We recommend: visiting on the first Sunday of the month for the vast antique fair held in Piazza Grande, followed by a bite to eat in one of the numerous cafes and restaurants nearby (although if the dates don’t align, you’ll still find plenty of treasures in the surrounding shops all month long).
Proud bearer of the European City of Culture epithet in 2017, Pistoia is an enchanting town with modern art, medieval city walls and a vista to rival Florence. The area is known for its plant and flower cultivation, with the town hosting impressive flower markets (if you’re early enough!). The area is also known as the ‘Tuscan chocolate valley’, which means you’ll find some of the most incredible chocolates in Italy in the town. Head to Bruno Corsini dal 1918 or Le Dolcezze Pistoia in the town centre for that cocoa-hit.
We’d happily argue that the cathedral’s bell tower is one of the most striking in Tuscany (pun intended); you’ll find the cathedral in the Piazza Duomo in the centre of the town. As with Florence’s Duomo, you can climb the 200 steps of the campanile to view the town juxtaposed against the Apennines. You won’t be disappointed.
We recommend: heading slightly out of the town and into the province of Pistoia, and to the thermal baths of Montecatini and Monsummano — the restorative waters have been frequented by royalty, nobility and movie stars thanks to their believed health benefits.
Feeling inspired? Check out the holiday accommodation we have available in Tuscany >
Published by Emily Rowley
Favourite place in Italy? San Gimignano.
Why Winter is a great time to visit Italy…
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A week in Spello….
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Equality Street
Fry's Advertising Poster
The Festive Period is a time of year that has become synonymous with ‘merry making’ and over indulgence, particularly in tasty treats. We all have our favourites and my particular weakness, along with countless others, is chocolate! For me, the darker and more bitter that chocolate is the better, and it was whilst ‘humouring’ this particular weakness I began wondering just when and how chocolate came to prominence in ‘western society’. This, and an interesting chat during #AncestryHour with renowned genealogist, historian and author Chris Paton, concerning encouraging researchers to write their family histories in factual narrative form, got me to wondering why more people didn’t do so. I daresay there are many reasons behind this relative absence, but one that sprang to mind was a lack of historical knowledge, hindering the ability to place ancestors in a social, economic and political context. A subject in which chocolate, both directly and indirectly, played an interesting role.
Whilst ‘cacao’ had long been revered in pre-Christian South America as gift from their God of Wisdom, it was not until 1502 that Christopher Columbus first brought it to Europe. However, the commercial value of chocolate, then consumed as a drink did not catch on until circa 1585 when it was adopted by the Spanish Court. Its’ popularity then spread throughout Europe reaching England in around 1652. One of the first written accounts in English appears in the diary of Samuel Pepys, who in 1661, wrote of its virtues as a cure for a hangover. The popularity of chocolate spread rapidly and in Georgian London, chocolate houses sat side by side with those of coffee and tea. Coffee, it is reported had only hit the London ‘scene’ some five years previous. At the height of the Jacobite rebellion of 1715 a group of plotters were arrested whilst drinking chocolate at ‘Ozinda’s’ Chocolate House in St James’s Street, whilst a tunnel was later (1923) discovered at the ‘Cocoa Tree’ in Pall Mall by which means Jacobite conspirators could allegedly fashion their escape. Of course, as the above rather illustrates, chocolate was the preserve of those who could afford to purchase it, and although available mixed with other substances in the cheaper coffee houses of the city, it remained out of reach for the majority of the middle and lower orders of society.
William Hogarth - A Rake's Progress - At White's - an infamous Coffee, Chocolate and Gambling House in St James's Square. A Club whose debauched goings on earned it the title of "the most fashionable hell in London"
As such, some of chocolates’ ‘beneficial’ properties, not least it’s purported attributes as a powerful aphrodisiac, led to outcries from middle-class moralists. Thus, chocolate became associated with both luxury and decadence. With an ever increasing demand for the drink by fashionable society, the production of cocoa came under pressure. Throughout the 17th and 18th centuries, plantations sprang up alongside those for sugar, creating a thriving market for the ‘slave traders’.
Ironically, around the same time that cocoa made it to English shores, the non-conformist religious movement gave birth, in 1649 to a group led by George Fox whose balance of ‘belief and business’ would not only become synonymous with chocolate, but also with social reform. Now known as the ‘Society of Friends’ this group are more commonly referred to as Quakers. The families of Cadbury of Birmingham, Fry's of Bristol and Rowntree's and Terrys of York monopolised the industry for more than a century and remain household names in the field of confectionary to this day.
“This achievement is all the more remarkable given the tiny numbers of Quakers. In 1851 they only accounted for about one in 1,400 of the population of 21 million in England, Scotland and Wales - less than 0.1%”.
But why chocolate? Quaker Historian Helen Rowlandson explains in an article for BBC Magazine:
“The move into chocolate began with cocoa drinks in the 19th Century as a reaction against the perceived misery and deprivation caused by alcohol… Quakers and other non-conformists at the time were concerned about levels of alcohol misuse in the population at large, they were part of the temperance movement…Cocoa was a way of providing cheap and available drink. It was healthy because you had to boil the water to make it when they didn't have good water supplies."...
“In the 18th Century Quaker merchants and apothecaries began to get involved in the chocolate industry. At this time chocolate was used to make cocoa: there was nothing like today’s chocolates. Cocoa was thought to have medicinal properties and to be a good alternative to alcohol. Chocolate was [deemed to be] an ‘innocent trade’.
(A Rowntrees Chocolate Tin from the 1920's showing Northumbrian Heroine Grace Darling. Keep your eyes peeled for her new biography coming soon from the pen of Gary Dolman.)
Notable Chocolatiers:
Joseph Fry (1728 – 1787)
John Cadbury (1801 - 1880)
Joseph Rowntree (1836 – 1925)
In addition, the ‘restoration’ of 1660 may well have reinstated a monarch as the Head of State, but it was quickly followed by laws that precluded members of the non-established Church, particularly those who would not swear an oath, such as Catholics and Quakers, from positions of authority. As the Universities also had close links to the Church, and it would be 1871 before they would open their doors to other religions, this also excluded them from professions requiring a university education. Their strong pacifist beliefs also ruled Quakers out of a career in the military, so instead they turned their hands to business, in which they excelled, chocolate being but one of many.
Employees of these firms which manufactured chocolate on an industrial scale were the beneficiaries of the Quaker principles of equality (including women) and social justice.
“Cadbury Brothers was the first firm to introduce the Saturday half-day holiday, and also pioneered in closing the factory on bank holidays. In 1918, Cadbury Brothers established democratically elected Works Councils, one for men and one for women. Departments elected representatives to these Councils by secret ballot. The Councils dealt with working conditions, health, safety, education, training, and the social life of the workers.”
Although this short piece is concerned with chocolate, other Quaker owned businesses followed the pioneering examples set by the Cadbury family with working conditions regarded as superior to many others during the Victorian period. Huntley & Palmer and Carrs biscuits, Lloyds and Barclays Banks, Bryant & May matches and Clarks Shoes are a few other easily recognised household names.
Huntley & Palmers Biscuit tins such as this are now popular collectors items
Quakers, although not alone, were also amongst the pioneers for much wider social reform such as the abolition of slavery, (even though their own plantations were reliant on slave labour) as early as the 17th century. Elizabeth Fry (nee Gurney) who appears on the reverse of the English paper £5 note is famous for prison reform and helping the homeless, William Penn founder of Pennsylvania, Richard Nixon, President of the USA, and you won’t have to look far to find many others both past and present.
From a family history perspective Quakers kept meticulous records, and although broadly speaking a 'Christian' religion, they do not practice baptism. However, births, marriages and deaths were recorded in the Monthly or Quarterly Meeting Books. The marriage records can be a family historian's dream, often including extensive lists of relatives and other witnesses who were present at the Wedding. Along with Jews, Quakers were exempted from Hardwicke's Marriage Act of 1753, requiring couples to marry in the parish church, which makes them unlikely candidates for 'irregular' marriage.
Quakers do not celebrate Christmas and Easter as religious festivals, prefering to carry the principles and messages throughout the year and to distance themselves from the associated Pagan elements. For the same reasons their dating system is a little different too. Days of the week are number 1-7, with Sunday being the first day of the week. The months follow similar suit being numbered rather than named. This is all pretty straight forward, but extra care should be taken in years before 1752. In 1752, Britain formally adopted the use of the ‘Gregorian’ calendar, and the New Year now started on January 1st, with January becoming the first month. Prior to this according to the Julian calendar the New Year fell on 25th March or Lady Day. Thus a birth, marriage or death recorded in Januar,y entered Quaker records prior to this date may well appear as month no 11, with what we would now recognise as the previous years date. For example 1.11.1720, may actually be 1.1.1721.
Of course the calendar change affected all, not just Quakers! Errors in current family history projects including events that took place prior to the calendar change are a common occurrence, often resulting in fruitless searching for a child that died in infancy. As the death 'appears' to have occurred before the birth or baptism, it is often presumed to be a different child entirely, the second of the same name. For example:
John Smith, born 1st December 1740 and died 1st February 1740 may well be the same child who passed away at 2 months of age. Please take extra care, especially between the dates 1st January and 25th March in any year before 1752.
Returning to the theme of chocolate, Fry’s were the first company to produce and market the chocolate bar in 1837. The non-perishability of chocolate made it popular with seamen, and in 1824 the ‘Cocoa Issue’ became a standard part of Navy rations, paving the way for other services to follow suit. During WW1 food parcels were sent from home, and often contained chocolate - a great morale boost for the troops. In 1914 the Mayor and Sheriff of York (Oscar F Rowntree) sent a tin of chocolates to every citizen of York serving on the front line.
Inscription on Rowntrees chocolate tin Christmas 1914
Elsewhere, others did their bit too, as reported in the Berwick Advertiser on 25th December 1914:
“Chocolate Service – On Sunday afternoon the children’s service at the Parish Church took the nature of a chocolate service. The children were invited to bring packets of chocolate, which would be sent to the soldiers who had left the parish [Glendale]. As a result, over £3 worth of chocolate was received, which will allow of a parcel being sent as a Christmas gift to each soldier.”
A timely reminder of the beneficial attributes of chocolate, which is still regarded as an indulgence and luxury today. Questionable practice surrounding methods of production also remains an issue, with fluctuating prices of cocoa forcing some once again towards slave labour. In some cases it has been estimated that only 70% of cocoa futures traded is actually grown. The ‘Fairtrade Foundation’ ensures against human exploitation in all products sold by partners companies. Cadbury, and their Dairy Milk products have been Fairtrade partners since 2009, although no longer a Quaker run organisation, the ethos of human rights remains.
Who would have thought that such simple thing as chocolate could be at the centre of so much social history!
Quakerinfo.com
http://www.quakerinfo.com/quak_cad.shtml
University of Leeds, Special Collections recomeded by 'Family Tree' Magasine
https://library.leeds.ac.uk/special-collections/collection/718
BBC Magazine http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/8467833.stm
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WH Shuts Down Public Tours, Invites Adele, Beyonce to Michelle's 50th
President Barack Obama and Michelle used to talk frequently about how the White House was the “people’s house.” In fact, the White House website now carries this quote from the First Lady: “It’s the ‘People’s House.’ It’s a place that is steeped in history, but it’s also a place where everyone should feel welcome. And that’s why my husband and I have made it our mission to open up the house to as many people as we can.”
So much for that nonsense. The same week that President Obama’s administration announced that due to sequestration, White House tours would be cancelled, sources at the White House announced that it would be hosting megastars Adele and Beyonce at Michelle’s 50th birthday party next year. “America’s First Lady will be holding a huge celebrity-packed party for her birthday at the White House next year and, as she adores Adele and Beyonce, she has asked them both to sing,” the source told the UK Daily Mail. The source did say that “The Obamas will pay Adele’s expenses as it’s a private party, not a State one.”
But will they pay all the expenses of the party? Security arrangements? Food? Cleanup? White House parties are expensive affairs.
It’s obvious that the White House’s priorities don’t lie with the people. They lie with the personal party predilections of the Obamas.
While the Secret Service protection during White House tours costs some $74,000 per week – the cost the White House brags it is saving on the cancelled tours — Air Force One costs $175,750 per flight hour, not including pilots, airmen, and Secret Service. (Some sources say the cost for the tours is $18,000 per week.) Obama has taken several pricey jaunts to locations including, most recently, Florida in the past few months. And those parties at the White House? They certainly cost a fair bit of money, but we’ll never hear how much; as the Washington Post put it back in 2012, “getting a straight answer about the cost of any White House party is almost impossible.”
There is little chance that the taxpayers will not foot some of the expense of Mrs. Obama’s magical 50th. And there is no chance that the “people’s house” will be open to the “people” nearly as much as it is to the Obamas’ celebrity superfriends in coming weeks.
Ben Shapiro is Editor-At-Large of Breitbart News and author of the book “Bullies: How the Left’s Culture of Fear and Intimidation Silences America” (Threshold Editions, January 8, 2013).
PoliticsBeyonceSecret ServiceWhite House
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D.C. Vaccine Conference Attracts Government Policy Makers and Key Biotech Developers
On Monday and Tuesday of this week, the 7th Annual Vaccines: All Things Considered Conference is taking place in Washington, DC. Investors should keep an eye on this event, which serves as a one-stop destination for valuable updates and exposure on all aspects of vaccine research, development, regulations, and policy via key, intimate presentations by innovative biotech companies and government regulators.
Organizers aim to provide exposure to all avenues of vaccine research, development, regulations and policy and updates on the flu pandemic, bio-defense policy. The National Vaccine Plan will also be addressed and discussed.
Several government officials, including representatives from the United States Department of Health and Human Services, National Research Council of Canada, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, and the Food and Drug Administration, come together at this conference with with representatives from several key biotech and pharmaceutical companies to provide a first-hand reference of the current U.S. vaccines policy and regulations and updates on pandemic and bio-defense policies.
Attendees will gather to discuss the most recent advancements in novel vaccines designed to target infectious disease like Influenza and AIDS, and will also attempt to gain ideas to use vaccines to target non-infectious diseases such as cancer and allergies.
Update From The Conference:
CEL-SCI Collaborators Present Data Suggesting That LEAPS Technology Has Ability to Modify Immune Response
"The research and discovery of vaccines to fight globally prevalent diseases has been a major focus of the pharmaceutical industry’s biggest players for decades," say members of the conference's organizing committee. "The pharmaceutical world has recently been rocked by the pending expiration of patents on several major block-buster drugs. How does this affect funding for vaccine research and development? What will be the path forward? How will the generic drug industry affect the vaccines market? These are just a few of the questions the Vaccines conference will address and answer."
Scheduled to present the event's opening remarks and to moderate several of the key presentation sessions is Dr.Daniel Zimmerman, Ph.D., (recently interviewed exclusively by BioMedReports), Senior Vice President Research and Development, Cellular Immunology for CEL-SCI Corporation (AMEX:CVM). Zimmerman's work at the company and in partnership with several research university partners has been attracting a great deal of attention in both the H1N1 influenza and inflammatory disease space lately.
Companies who will share the spotlight in front of some of the key officials from the government agencies include:
Ibis Biosciences, Inc.- In January of this year, this former subsidiary of Isis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was acquired by Abbott (NYSE: ABT) for a total acquisition price of $215 million plus earn out payments.. The company develops, manufactures, and markets products for the identification and characterization of infectious agents.
Immunovaccine, Inc. (CVE:IMV) a biotechnology company developing high potential vaccines for human health. Immunovaccine’s most advanced product is DPX-0907, a therapeutic vaccine against ovarian, breast and prostate cancer that, in conjunction with its vaccine delivery technology, is being readied to enter Phase 1 human clinical trials. The company will pursue a fast-track regulatory strategy by taking the product through a short Phase 1 into a Phase 2 clinical trial. In June, the company announced its intention to go public through an RTO transaction on the TSX-V exchange and with FDA approval for Phase I human clinical trial for ovarian, breast and prostate cancer vaccine to begin Q1 2010.
Advaxis, Inc. (OTC:ADXS) a biotechnology company that uses a bioengineered bacterium, Listeria monocytogenes to activate the immune system to treat cancer, infectious disease or allergic syndromes. Unlike other therapeutic approaches, in pre-clinical research Advaxis’ Listeria technology has been able to consistently demonstrate complete therapeutic responses resulting in complete tumor regression. Preliminary results in humans have shown this technology to be safe, and the therapeutic outcomes are very encouraging. Advaxis is developing multiple platform approaches to the treatment of several cancers which represent a market potential in excess of $10 billion.
EpiVax, a privately held company based in Providence, RI. dedicated to the development and implementation of computational immunology tools to benefit the biotechnology industry.
VaxArt, a privately held biotech company based in San Francisco, CA.
VaxDesign, a privately held biotech company based in Orlando, FL that develops in vitro models of human immunity that are functionally equivalent to the human immune system. The technologies help drug and vaccine development companies to obtain predictions of human outcomes for their therapies and have the potential to save companies years of development time and millions of dollars of development costs.
At least three big pharmaceutical companies will also have representatives in attendance, including Novartis (NYSE:NVS), Sanofi Pasteur, and Merck (NYSE:MRK).
Representatives from the academic research field will include:
Dr. Kenneth S. Rosenthal, Ph.D., ProfessorMicrobiology/Immunology, Northeastern Ohio Universities Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy
Pirouz Daftarian, Head, Biological Modifiers Laboratory, University of Miami
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Martin and Vanthoor ready for Superpole Shoot-out
Two Belgian drivers Maxime Martin (#46 BMW Sports Trophy Team Marc VDS) and Laurens Vanthoor (#1 Audi Sport Team WRT) set the fastest times in qualifying for the 2015 Total 24 Hours of Spa. Both start as joint favourites in Friday's Superpole with 0.009 seconds separating them. Third overall Andrea Piccini (#11 Kessel Racing Ferrari) was the fastest driver in the Pro-Am Cup and in the Am Cup the #10 Akka ASP Ferrari starts as best, thanks to the efforts of Jean-Philippe Belloc.
Twenty-four cars were covered by the same second, with eight different brands qualifying for the Superpole, confirming the high level of competitiveness of this year's edition of the Total 24 Hours of Spa.
Frantic action occurred at the start of the first qualifying session at 20.00, as drivers realised that the conditions were probably ideal for setting a fast time. Both Martin and Vanthoor needed only a couple of laps to set a scorcher, both beating last year's pole time by a considerable margin and the difference between the BMW and the Audi was only nine thousands of a second.
Other drivers were less fortunate in setting their fastest times. Some were penalised for not respecting track limits and, after repeated infringements, some cars lost their fastest times at the end of the first session and were relegated to outside of the Top-20 Super Pole places. The #8 M-Sport Bentley and the #47 AF Corse Ferrari were among them but while the latter, the fastest car in Pre-Qualifying, could not get back into the 20 cars qualified for Friday's Superpole, Maxime Soulet managed to get the Bentley back up to 16th. The #47 Ferrari will start the race from 22nd, sharing the 11th row of the grid with team-mates in the #52 AF Corse Ferrari, itself the fastest car in free practice, that finished 21st with Toni Vilander at the wheel missing the cut by the smallest of differences: 0.001 of a second.
Among the other cars outside the top-20 are the Series leaders, the #23 Nissan GT Academy Team RJN starts 27th, and both GRT Grasser Racing Team Lamborghinis; 40th position for the #63 car and 55th for the #19, which suffered heavy damage during the Pre-Qualifying session but was repaired in time to perform its mandatory Night Qualifying laps.
Maxime Martin (#46 BMW Sports Trophy Team Marc VDS): "The start of the first qualifying session was probably the best moment to set a good lap time, but in the overall picture of the weekend it's not that important. There is still the Superpole on Friday and a long, very long race after that."
Laurens Vanthoor (#1 Audi Sport Team WRT): "I have to admit I was a bit worried before the weekend, since we did not seem to have the pace to be in front. But after these qualifying sessions, it feels good to be on the same pace as the BMW. But as Maxime said, there is still a long way to go."
Andrea Piccini (#11 Kessel Racing Ferrari, 1st Pro-Am Cup): "I have not been at the wheel of a racing car since last year's Total 24 Hours of Spa, so I am very surprised to be able to set the third time overall. I have to say that the car was wonderful since the start of the weekend. Can we threaten the two guys in front during the Superpole? We will certainly try."
Jean-Philippe Belloc (#10 Akka ASP Ferrari, 1st Am Cup): "After some incidents during the first couple of sessions of the day, it feels very good to be able to give the mechanics and the team the reward they deserve. Being on pole in the Am Cup is nice, but everything happens during the race. But I have to say, since I won this event in 2001 a lot has changed!"
Link to Combined Result list
Practical information - Total 24 Hours of Spa
When: 23-26 July 2015
Tickets: from 15 €
General Entrance : 30 € (includes free entrance on Thursday and Friday)
General Entrance + paddock : 60 € (includes free entrance on Thursday and Friday)
VIP packages : from 180 €
Children aged 12 or under, accompanied by an adult, enter for free
Sales on : www.ticketmaster.be
Super Pole 16:10-16:35
Starting procedure & Grid walk 15:20-16:30
Start of the Total 24 hours of Spa 16:30
Information & reservation : www.24hoursofspa.com / www.blancpain-gt-series.com
Facebook : Total 24 hours of Spa / Twitter : @24hoursofspa / @blancpaingt
Total 24 Hours of Spa poster revealed - Martin Solveig stars on the Total 24 Hours of Spa stage
Sporting Telenet covers Total 24 Hours of Spa
Sparkling spectacle at the Total 24 Hours of Spa
Bronze and Silver Test kicks off track action in Total 24 Hours of Spa
Impressive crowd greets parade in the Spa town centre
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Unmarried couples could save money this year thanks to a new law – here’s who can claim it
All couples in England and Wales will now be able to apply for a Civil Partnership by the end of 2019 (Photo: Shutterstock)
Published: 11:36 am July 12, 2019
Millions of unmarried couples could benefit from a £250 tax break this year thanks to a change in the law, the Government has announced.
All couples in England and Wales will now be able to apply for a Civil Partnership by the end of 2019, giving them greater financial security.
A legal agreement
Couples who live together will now be able to get a civil partnership after the Supreme Court ruled that a ban on it was in breach of the European Convention on Human Rights.
The move, which was first announced last year under plans to equalise the law, is an extension of the Civil Partnerships Act 2004, which gave people in same-sex relationships legal recognition.
However, it excluded heterosexual couples who live together from equal rights on savings, tax and pension benefits, compared to those who are married.
Under the new rules, cohabiting couples who opt not to marry will be given the option to tie the knot in a simple, paper agreement instead.
The law is an extension of the Civil Partnerships Act 2004, which gave people in same-sex relationships legal recognition (Photo: Shutterstock)
Marriage tax allowance
The rule change, which will be enforced by the end of this year, will enable the 3.3 million UK couples who live together to share financial responsibilities.
It will also grant couples who enter into a civil partnership access to a £250 marriage tax allowance that is currently denied to them.
The system permits couples to transfer £1,250 of their personal allowance – the amount that can be earned tax-free each year – between them, helping to reduce the cost of their yearly tax bill. If the lower income earner passes a portion of their personal allowance to the higher earner, this will reduce their tax bill by £250 per year.
But couples who live together and choose not to take out a civil partnership will not be entitled to claim the tax break.
Who can claim marriage tax allowance?
To claim marriage tax allowance, couples need to meet the following criteria:
You are married or in a civil partnership
You do not pay income tax, or your income is below your personal allowance (normally £12,500)
Your partner pays income tax at the basic rate, which usually means their income is between £12,501 and £50,000
More information on marriage tax allowance is outlined on the government website
This article originally appeared on our sister site, Yorkshire Evening Post.
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Safety Management magazine
Beware! Safety watchdog with fearsome bark
By Dr Mike Esbester on 30 March 2017
In 1978, the Financial Times published a piece written by James Tye, the British Safety Council’s founder and driving force for its first 40 years, entitled “Safety watchdog with fearsome bark”, urging the dangerous and unsafe to ‘Beware!’.
Nothing better sums up the British Safety Council’s approach to its core mission, to reduce deaths, injuries and ill health, by raising concerns, lobbying for change and showing firms and people how to improve.
At its 60th birthday, it was time that some of the British Safety Council’s work was made better known – and so working with colleagues at the British Safety Council, I have been writing a book about its past. The aim of this book is to showcase some of the British Safety Council’s rich visual history, put in a wider context of British life since 1957, drawing on the organisation’s archive.
However, for years the archive wasn’t just available, waiting to be used. It had disappeared.
Rediscovering the archive
The process of finding the material on which the book is based is something of a detective story – and it is central to my involvement with the British Safety Council over the past eight years.
In 2009, I put in a speculative telephone call to the British Safety Council, hoping to find someone who knew something about its past – and in particular, where I might find its archives. I wanted to use them in a project I was about to run, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the UK, looking at accident prevention in twentieth century Britain. I explained what I was after, and after a pause, the slightly uncertain switchboard operator – who hadn’t faced this sort of a call before – put me through to Neal Stone, recently appointed head of policy and communications, presumably on the basis that I was a member of the public. This, it turns out, was one of those chance happenings that shaped everything that followed.
After I’d explained what I wanted, Neal’s response was characteristically forthright: ‘Which shitbag put you on to me?’ I took this as a good sign: it was said in good humour, and this was someone I could work with. And so it proved. Fortunately, Neal had the instincts of a historian, and being interested in the past, promised to find out what he could.
Initial enquiries weren’t promising – nothing remained. It was thought that everything not in immediate use had been disposed of a few years previously. Neal kept on digging, however, and eventually turned up a stash of material, held in deep store at a warehouse in Nottinghamshire. A trip to see the warehouse suggested there was some interesting material, but it was virtually inaccessible and in danger of being lost to the elements: a leaking roof and pigeons roosting above the material don’t really meet archival standards!
Having rediscovered the archive, there was a problem: what to do about it? Having both Neal and Matthew Holder, head of campaigns, championing the cause was crucial. They showed the trustees and others at the British Safety Council that the archive was important and should be preserved, even if this meant spending money. So all of the documents were examined, moved into better conditions, and – most importantly – scanned. As a result, the archive’s long-term future is secure. This was well and good – handy for me, as an historian.
But then there was the question of its value for the British Safety Council, its members and others. The best possible output was that all the information in the digital archive is free to access to anyone. Neal and Matthew also developed the idea of a book, drawing on the archive, to go through its 60 years of history.
The British Safety Council at 60
With my existing connections to the archive – including using it for some research funded by the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health – I was excited when I was asked to write the book. The brief was deceptively simple – let the archive lead, contextualise what is there, and make it accessible to as wide an audience as possible. Not much to do then!
So what is in the book? Viewing the archive in person and electronically, I’ve become very familiar with the British Safety Council’s past. Even within its 180 pages, the book can only cover a small sample of the work, giving a flavour of the British Safety Council over the years.
The introduction puts the campaigning work in perspective, charting James Tye’s often controversial and confrontational approach as a means to secure publicity for the British Safety Council. This includes the 1995 poster promoting condom use and featuring an image of the Pope – still one of the most complained about posters of all time in the UK.
The book doesn’t shy away from difficult parts of the past �� while still thinking about the present day and how to improve safety and health.
The fact that the British economy changed from manufacturing and heavy industry to more office-based and service sector work has meant that the British Safety Council has had to change its focus to bring in the new areas of work. This is clearly seen in the archive and in the book – from the 1980s, for instance, there is an increase in the frequency of posters and other material dealing with office safety. This shifting occupational structure also led to the creation of the British Wellness Council, a short-lived body – ahead of its time – which tried to promote a more holistic view of health and wellbeing, inside the workplace and beyond.
The bulk of the book is made up of nine chapters, each putting posters and illustrations at its heart, with a short introduction to each of the themes. We tried to move away from more traditional themes of the industry, such as personal protective equipment or manual handling, and instead make connections across areas and periods. These themes feature celebrities and current affairs – suitably turned, to include a safety or health message – the role of the state and the European Union, shocking or gory posters, ideas about human factors and the role of the individual, and the efforts made to make workspaces safer and healthier. While some themes have specific chapters – gender, health and how the British Safety Council’s work extended beyond the workplace, other issues are to be found throughout the book, as they were found throughout the British Safety Council’s initiatives.
So, that’s a short sketch of some of the big themes found in the book – all lavishly illustrated, in colour, with posters, photos, documents and newspapers from the archive.
The difficulty we faced putting the book together was that there was too much material to include – so a lot has been left out. Because we had the luxury of being able to use colour, we wanted to make this a visual tour through the past 60 years: the posters, in particular, are attention-grabbing and are highlighted in the book.
At the same time, we were guided by what had survived in the archive. As a result, there’s lots from the 1970s onwards, but the earlier years are less well served. This is a shame, as there are some missing gems we know about – the poster of the Queen in mine safety equipment, for example, or some of the more risqué material that grabbed headlines. The minutes of meetings of the organisation survived from the outset, through to the 1990s – frustratingly, though, the volume which would have included the passage of the 1974 Health and Safety at Work Act is missing, so we don’t know exactly how the British Safety Council responded to this fundamental piece of legislation that the organisation itself had campaigned for.
What we have in the archive and in the book are a series of excellent reminders, not just of the British Safety Council’s work over the years, but of the changing and challenging nature of health and safety in Britain since 1957. Crucially, what we’re left with a strong sense of the need for the British Safety Council today, as 60 years ago.
The book was distributed to guests at the British Safety Council’s film night and fundraising event, held on 23 March at Regent Street Cinema in London.
The digital archive can be accessed at:www.britsafe.org/the-archive
Raising the bar for prison safety: a case study
Five Star Audit specifications updated for 2019/2020
Digital solutions can hold the key to compliance
15.4 million days lost to work-related stress in 2017/18
By Belinda Liversedge on 01 November 2018
A very costly forklift accident
By Peter Harvey, the Fork Lift Truck Association on 26 September 2017
Asbestos testing: up in the air
By Martin Stear on 31 July 2017
By Belinda Liversedge on 26 June 2019
Sodexo Justice Services was recently awarded the British Safety Council’s five star audit for five of its prisons. Belinda Liversedge is granted access behind the bars at HMP Addiewell, an all-male high security prison in Scotland, to find out how they did it.
By James Lewis, head of audit and consultancy at the British Safety Council on 02 July 2019
The British Safety Council’s Five Star Occupational Health and Safety Audit has been revised and updated to place a greater emphasis on assessing how effectively an organisation is managing risks to workers’ health and wellbeing.
By Colin Yates, WorkMobile on 05 July 2019
In recent years, many businesses have begun investing in different types of new digital technology to challenge traditional processes and revolutionise the way that they work.
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» Fermented Foods
Yeast Metabolism
Last Updated on Fri, 28 Sep 2018 | Fermented Foods
The usual starting inoculum gives an initial yeast population of abut 5 X 106 cells per ml of wort. Depending on the activity of the yeast inoculum, a lag period of six to eighteen hours may occur. Although no increase in cell number is observed during the lag phase, metabolic activity is well under way. The yeasts are synthesizing sugar and amino acid transport systems, as well as enzymes necessary for their metabolism. As noted earlier, the wort is sparged with oxygen prior to pitching, thus the wort medium is initially highly aerobic. This oxygen-rich environment stimulates synthesis of membrane-associated sterols and un-saturated fatty acids. Sterols, and in particular, ergosterol, are essential for formation of yeast cell membranes; likewise, the unsaturated fatty acids provide membrane fluidity. Because of these requirements, yeasts may grow poorly in oxygen-deprived worts.
Following the lag phase, cells enter into the logarithmic growth phase, and a primary eth-anolic fermentation period begins. Despite the aerobic conditions initially established by sparging, sugar metabolism by yeast occurs not by aerobic respiration (i.e., the tricarboxylic acid or Kreb's cycle), but rather via the Emb-den-Meyerhoff-Parnas (EMP) glycolytic pathway. Although Saccharomyces are facultative anaerobes, enzymes of the Kreb's cycle are not even expressed during growth in wort.The repression of these genes under aerobic conditions occurs only for as long as the sugar concentration is high. This phenomenon, called the glucose effect, is due to catabolite repression by glucose. When the availability of glucose and other fermentable sugars is nearly diminished (i.e., < 1 g/L), however, metabolism in an aerobic environment shifts from fermentation to respiration (Box 9-6).
Catabolite repression by glucose also affects the specific biochemical processes that occur during the fermentation. Although brewing strains of S. cerevisiae and S. pastorium can use all of the major sugars normally present in wort (glucose, fructose, maltose, and mal-totriose), metabolism of these sugars does not occur concurrently. In fact, wort contains more maltose and maltotriose than glucose, yet glucose is still metabolized first.This preferential use of glucose occurs because: (1) at least one of the glucose transporters is constitutively expressed; and (2) the gene coding for the a-glucoside (maltose and maltotriose) transporter (AGT1) is repressed by glucose. Only when the glucose is fermented (after about one to two days), therefore, will expression of
Box 9-6. Physiology of Brewing Yeasts
Given the importance of yeast to the brewing industry, it is not surprising that so much attention has been devoted to understanding the physiological properties of Saccharomyces cere-visiae. Most brewing strains, as noted elsewhere, are very different from ordinary laboratory strains.This is because the beer and the brewing environment in which these strains have been grown for hundreds of years is quite unlike the docile conditions in the laboratory. Thus, most brewing strains have been screened and selected on the basis of their ability to grow well in wort and on their overall beer-making performance. Strains also have been modified by classical breeding programs such that specific traits are (or are not) expressed. More recently, the application of molecular techniques have made it possible to directly and specifically alter yeast physiology by introducing genes that encode for specific properties.
Although the primary function of the yeast during brewing is to ferment sugars to ethanol and CO2, it is also responsible for performing many other important duties.The yeast must not only produce adequate amounts of end products, but it must also metabolize all of the available fermentable carbohydrate to fully attenuate the beer. The main end products produced by brewing yeasts are ethanol and CO2; however, small amounts of higher alcohols, esters, aldehydes, phenolics, and other organic compounds also are produced and may affect beer flavor and quality. Some of these compounds have a negative impact, and their production is discouraged. Of course, the ability of brewing yeast to perform specific metabolic functions depends on how well it tolerates the high osmotic pressure, high ethanol concentrations, and other physiological stresses found in wort and beer. Thus, there are considerable physiological demands on yeasts during the brewing operation.
When the brewer first adds yeast to the wort, the environment is highly aerobic, due to the oxygen-sparging step that occurs just after the wort is boiled and cooled.Thus, metabolism by the facultative yeast might be expected to occur via a respiratory route (i.e., the tricarboxylic acid or TCA cycle). In fact, Pasteur demonstrated more than a century ago that when facultative organisms, such as brewers' yeast, are placed in an aerobic environment, aerobic metabolism is preferred (the so-called Pasteur effect).Aerobic metabolism, after all, is a more efficient process, yielding considerably more ATP than anaerobic metabolism (36 moles versus 2 moles ATP per glucose).
However, in the wort situation just described, yeast growth occurs via fermentative metabo-lism.Why would glycolysis occur in this environment? In part, because when the concentration of available sugar (i.e., glucose) is high (>1% or 50 mM), the reverse of the Pasteur effect occurs. That is, even under aerobic conditions, provided there is excess glucose, expediency, rather than efficiency, dictates how metabolism will occur. In fact, the enzymes of the TCA cycle are actually repressed, a situation referred to as the "glucose effect."Another reason, perhaps, for why the fermentation route proceeds under aerobic conditions is that brewing yeast strains are, in general, highly accustomed to fermentative metabolism.
this gene, as well as the a-glucosidase gene coding for maltose and maltotriose hydrolysis, occur.
Sucrose, in contrast, is hydrolyzed by an extracellular invertase, yielding its component monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. The regulation of sugar metabolism becomes especially relevant during the beer fermentation when high glucose adjuncts are used. Under these circumstances, repression of maltose and maltotriose metabolism may exist throughout the entire fermentation, and the beer will be poorly attenuated.
Following transport, intracellular metabolism of wort sugars via the EMP pathway yields mostly pyruvic acid and reduced NADH. Pyruvate is subsequently decarboxy-lated by pyruvate decarboxylase, forming CO2 and acetaldehyde. The latter is then reduced by NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, forming ethanol and re-oxidizing NAD. Because a small amount of the glucose carbon must be used to support cell growth, some of the pyruvate is diverted, via pyruvate dehydrogenase, to the Kreb's cycle, where biosyn-thetic precursors are formed. Re-oxidation of NAD then requires an alternative source of electron acceptors, leading to the formation of glycerol, higher alcohols, and other minor end-products found in beer.
The logarithmic growth phase period continues for two to three days for ales, and up to six or seven days for lagers, at which point all of the mono- and disaccharides, and most of the maltotriose, will have been fermented. Cell mass usually increases by less than two logs.
Importantly, the fermentation is exothermic, meaning that heat is generated, so the fermentation tanks must be cooled and maintained. Either internal cooling coils or external jackets are used to maintain temperatures of 8°C to 15°C for lagers and 15°C to 22°C for ales.
For ale fermentations, yeast cells, as noted earlier, rise to the surface, along with the evolved CO2.The yeast can then be skimmed off for re-use later. For lager fermentations, cells remain suspended, but there is enough CO2 evolved during the early stages of the fermenta tion to form cauliflower-shaped clumps. This thick foam layer is called krausen, and as growth and CO2 formation become more rapid, corresponding to the maximum growth rate of the cells, a period known as "high krausen" is reached. A portion of this material can be collected and re-used to initiate a secondary fermentation, as described below.
Although it is possible to monitor the progress of the fermentation simply by observing CO2 formation, the preferred means is to measure the specific gravity.As the fermentable sugars are consumed, the specific gravity, expressed as °Plato, decreases. When the specific gravity no longer is decreasing, most of the fermentable sugars will have been depleted, and the fermentation is complete. The beer is then considered to be "fully attenuated."At this point, usually four to seven days after the beginning of the primary fermentation period, the fermentation vessel is quickly cooled to 4°C or less. However, some brewers, prior to cooling, maintain a high temperature to promote use of diacetyl and related vicinal diketones that are themselves produced by yeast and which are responsible for off-flavors in beer (discussed later).This so-called "diacetyl rest" may reduce the necessary duration of the post-fermentation conditioning phase, when diacetyl reduction would ordinarily occur.
Brew Your Own Beer
Discover How To Become Your Own Brew Master, With Brew Your Own Beer. It takes more than a recipe to make a great beer. Just using the right ingredients doesn't mean your beer will taste like it was meant to. Most of the time it’s the way a beer is made and served that makes it either an exceptional beer or one that gets dumped into the nearest flower pot.
Beer Brewing Made Easy
Trickling generator processes
Manufacture of fish sauces and pastes
Beer Defects - Fermented Foods
Biotechnology and the Brewing Industry
Homofermentation - Fermented Foods
Sucrose, These Sugars, How to Buy a Beer Making Kit
Mig1 And Saccharomyces
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Denmark wants to isolate its 'unwanted' migrants on a remote island that once housed contagious animals
Michelle Mark
Dec. 6, 2018, 12:44 PM
Lindholm Island was once used to house contagious animals for research.
Denmark's government announced it intends to isolate dozens of "unwanted" migrants on a remote island.
The island was once used to house contagious animals for research, and held stables and a crematorium for dead animals.
Migrants will be allowed to leave the island via a ferry, but the service is infrequent and migrants must live on the island and report there daily.
Denmark has adopted an increasingly hostile attitude toward immigrants in recent years, making international headlines for its hardline policies on assimilation.
Denmark's right-leaning government says it intends to isolate dozens of "unwanted" migrants on a remote island two miles out to sea that once housed contagious animals for research.
The island of Lindholm spans just 17 acres and was used since 1926 for laboratories, stables, and a crematorium for dead animals, The New York Times reported.
Nowadays, it houses a veterinary institute for the Technical University of Denmark, and runs a ferry service named "the Virus."
The Danish government announced last week it intends to decontaminate the island in 2019 and have the facility ready to house up to 125 migrants by the end of 2021.
Danish Minister for Immigration, Integration and Housing, Inger Stojberg.
Associated Press/Geert Vanden Wijngaert
"If you are unwanted in Danish society, you should not be a nuisance to ordinary Danes," Inger Støjberg, Denmark's immigration minister, wrote on Facebook. "They are undesirable in Denmark, and they must feel it!"
Denmark has adopted an increasingly hostile attitude toward migrants in recent years, making international headlines for implementing a ban on religious face coverings, and imposing new laws for "ghetto" neighborhoods that regulate the way immigrant children assimilate into Danish culture.
Read more: The Trump administration admitted the lowest number of refugees the US has accepted 40 years — here's what people go through to make it to the US
In a statement, the Danish government said the "return center" on Lindholm will house migrants who have been denied refugee status, but who cannot be deported to their home countries due to danger.
The island will also house migrants who the Danish government has sought to deport due to their criminal records, but whose home countries refuse to accept them.
Buildings are seen on Lindholm Island in Denmark on December 6, 2018.
Ritzau Scanpix/Mads Claus Rasmussen via REUTERS
"The residents are not detained," the statement said, adding that the migrants will be required to sleep at the center and report there daily. "They are free to leave the island, and a ferry service will be provided."
But a government spokesman has also said Denmark intends to minimize ferry departures and make them "as cumbersome and expensive as possible," The Times reported.
Already, the plan has sparked an international outcry. The United Nations' human rights chief, Michelle Bachelet, told reporters on Wednesday she had "serious concerns" with the Danish government's plan, and intended to monitor and discuss the situation.
"We've seen the negative impact of such policies of isolation, and [they] should not replicate these policies," Bachelet said. "Because depriving them of their liberty, isolating them, and stigmatizing them will only increase their vulnerability."
More: Immigration migrants Asylum Denmark
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The speed of light is torturously slow, and these 3 simple animations by a scientist at NASA prove it
Dave Mosher
An illustration of Earth and the moon.
The speed of light in a vacuum is about 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second).
A scientist at NASA animated how long it takes light to travel around Earth, as well as between the planet, its moon, and Mars.
The physics animations show just how fast (and slow) the speed limit of the universe can be.
A series of new animations by a NASA scientist show just how zippy — and also how torturously slow — the speed of light can be.
Light speed is the fastest that any material object can travel through space. That is, of course, barring the existence of theoretical shortcuts in the fabric of space called wormholes (and the ability to go through them without being destroyed).
In a perfectly empty vacuum, a particle of light, which is called a photon, can travel 186,282 miles per second (299,792 kilometers per second), or about 670.6 million mph (1.079 billion kilometers per hour).
This is incredibly fast. However, light speed can be frustratingly slow if you're trying to communicate with or reach other planets, especially any worlds beyond our solar system.
Read more: Astronomers found a 'cold super-Earth' less than 6 light-years away — and it may be the first rocky planet we'll photograph beyond the solar system
To depict the speed limit of the cosmos in a way anyone could understand, James O'Donoghue, a planetary scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, took it upon himself to animate it.
"My animations were made to show as instantly as possible the whole context of what I'm trying to convey," O'Donoghue told Business Insider via Twitter. "When I revised for my exams, I used to draw complex concepts out by hand just to truly understand, so that's what I'm doing here."
O'Donoghue said he only recently learned how to create these animations — his first were for a NASA news release about Saturn's vanishing rings. After that, he moved on to animating other difficult-to-grasp space concepts, including a video illustrating the rotation speeds and sizes of the planets. He said that one "garnered millions of views" when he posted it on Twitter.
O'Donoghue's latest effort looks at three different light-speed scenarios to convey how fast (and how painfully slow) photons can be.
How fast light travels relative to Earth
One of O'Donoghue's first animations shows how fast light moves in relation to Earth.
Earth is 24,901 miles around at its center. If our world had no atmosphere (air refracts and slows down light a little bit), a photon skimming along its surface could lap the equator nearly 7.5 times every second.
In this depiction, the speed of light seems pretty fast — though the movie also shows how finite it is.
How fast light travels between Earth and the moon
A second animation by O'Donoghue takes a big step back from Earth to include the moon.
On average, there is about 238,855 miles (384,400 kilometers) of distance between our planet and its large natural satellite.
This means all moonlight we see is 1.255 seconds old, and a round-trip between the Earth and moon at light speed takes about 2.51 seconds.
This timing is growing every day, however, as the moon is drifting farther from Earth at a rate of about 1.5 inches (3.8 centimeters) per year. (The moon is constantly sapping Earth's rotational energy via ocean tides, boosting its orbit to a greater and greater distance.)
How fast light travels between Earth and Mars
O'Donoghue's third speed-of-light animation illustrates the challenge that many planetary scientists deal with on a daily basis.
When NASA tries to talk to or download data from a spacecraft, such as the InSight probe on Mars, it can do so only at the speed of light. This is much too slow to operate a spacecraft in "live mode" as you would a remote-controlled car. So, commands must be carefully thought out, prepackaged, and aimed at the precise location in space at the precise time so that they don't miss their target.
Read more: NASA can hear the 'haunting' sound of dust devils tearing across Mars with its new $830 million lander
The fastest a conversation could ever happen between Earth and Mars is when the planets are at their nearest point to one another, an event called closest approach that happens once roughly every two years. On average, that best-case-scenario distance is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers).
As that 60-second clip of O'Donoghue's full movie on YouTube shows, light takes 3 minutes 2 seconds to travel between Earth and Mars at closest approach. That's six minutes and four seconds for a light-speed round-trip.
But on average, Mars is about 158 million miles from Earth — so the average round-trip communication takes about 28 minutes and 12 seconds.
The speed of light gets more depressing the farther you go
An illustration of a Breakthrough Starshot "nanocraft" being propelled toward the Alpha Centauri star system with a powerful laser beam.
Breakthrough Foundation
The hurdle of light's finite speed gets even more challenging for spacecraft such as New Horizons, which is now more than 4 billion miles from Earth, and the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft, each of which have reached the space between stars.
The situation gets downright depressing when you start looking outside the solar system. The closest-known exoplanet, called Proxima b, is about 4.2 light-years away from us (a distance of about 24.7 trillion miles or 39.7 trillion kilometers).
However, the fastest any spacecraft has ever gone is NASA's Parker Solar Probe at about 213,200 mph; at that speed, it'd take 13,211 years to reach Proxima b.
A Russian-American billionaire's Breakthrough Starshot project envisions a way to address this speed problem. The multidecade plan is to build and fly tiny "nanocraft" past such exoplanets via ultrapowerful laser blasts, ideally at a planned cruise velocity of 20% of the speed of light. Yet the entire concept is still theoretical, may end up not working, and would operate at a fraction of light-speed.
Space is impossibly vast. Although the universe is about 13.77 billion years old, its edge is about 45.34 billion light-years away in any direction and is increasing due to expansion.
That's far too big to illustrate in a simple animation. One illustration comes close, though: this image created by musician Pablo Carlos Budassi, which combines logarithmic maps of the universe from Princeton and images from NASA to capture it all in one picture.
This story has been updated.
SEE ALSO: 17 'facts' about space and Earth that you thought were true — but have been debunked by science
DON'T MISS: There is a 'dark side' of the moon, but you are probably using the term incorrectly all of the time
NOW WATCH: Albert Einstein has a famous loophole in the special theory of relativity that could predict faster-than-light travel
More: Speed of Light Earth Moon Mars
Breakthrough Starshot
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Here's what Meghan Markle's title will likely be when she marries Prince Harry
Caroline Praderio
Meghan Markle, soon-to-be royal.
Evan Agostini/Invision/AP
Meghan Markle is an American actress and activist who's engaged to Prince Harry.
Once they get married in 2018, Markle will likely get a royal title.
Royals experts say she'll probably be known as the Duchess of Sussex.
Meghan Markle is an accomplished woman in her own right. She's the star of TV drama "Suits," a thoughtful writer, an activist who's worked with the UN, and the creator of an affordable fashion line.
She's also engaged to Prince Harry of the British royal family. The couple formally announced their plan to tie the knot in a statement released November 27.
Now, royals fans are wondering what kind of royal title Markle might receive once the wedding happens. (It's just one of the many ways her life will change after marrying Harry.) Here's what we know so far.
She would become a princess by marriage.
Will and Kate, the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge.
Sean Gallup / Getty
Harry's title is currently "His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales." Royal family expert Imogen Lloyd Webber once told People that Markle would "definitely" be called "Her Royal Highness Princess Henry of Wales."
She wouldn't be "Princess Megan" for the same reason that Kate Middleton is not "Princess Kate." Neither of them was born royal — but became (or could become) royal by marriage. (Here are 18 commoners who married into royalty.)
She'd probably become a duchess, too.
It's tradition for men of the royal family to get a new title, bestowed by the queen, when they marry. Take William: For most of his life, he was just "His Royal Highness Prince William of Wales." But upon his marriage to Kate Middleton in 2011, he became the Duke of Cambridge, and Kate became the Duchess of Cambridge.
Prince Harry and Meghan Markle.
Getty/Chris Jackson; Alberto E. Rodriguez
Webber suspected that Prince Harry will become the Duke of Sussex upon his eventual marriage, and royal historian Marlene Koenig agreed. That would make Markle the Duchess of Sussex.
The titles Duke and Duchess of Clarence and Buckingham are also "available"— meaning the people who last held them have died and the titles are free to be bestowed by the Queen. The Dukedom of Sussex, for example, has been available since 1843.
It seems like most royals experts and bloggers are putting their money on Sussex, but sadly, there's no way to know for sure unless a marriage really happens.
What do these titles mean, anyway?
Titles like "Duke" are part of the Peerage. Essentially, it's a ranked system for British nobility.
Way back in the day, the monarch bestowed these titles on "peers of the realm"— people who swore loyalty to the crown in exchange for land or money, according to the Peerage experts at Debrett's London. The five possible titles, ranked from highest to lowest: duke, marquess, earl, viscount, and baron.
In addition to being bestowed, the titles could also be inherited, but only by male heirs.
Queen Elizabeth II and her husband Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh.
AP/MJ Kim
All the people who had these titles formed the Peerage, and for a long time, the Peerage also had the right to sit in the British Parliament. Seems just slightly unfair — and that's probably why the British government voted to rescind that right back in 1999, with the House of Lords Act.
Today, these ranked titles still exist, and just as before, they can only be bestowed by the monarch or inherited by a son.
While lots of Peerage titles are held by royals, but you don't have to be royal to have one. And even though the members of Peerage lack the political power they once had, Debrett's guide says that "their social influence remains undimmed, and their lives remain a source of interest and speculation." We can't argue with that.
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SEE ALSO: Prince Harry and Meghan Markle just got engaged
More: Royals Royal Family Prince Harry Marriage
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House Schedule
2012-12-05T23:14:01-05:00https://images.c-span.org/Files/3a2/309726-04-m.jpgMajority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer(D-MD) spoke about the House schedule for the following week. Representative Cantor announced that the House would not adjourn the 112th Congress until the “fiscal cliff” was resolved.
“Fiscal cliff” referred to impending tax increases and budget cuts at the end of 2012 if Congress failed to reach a new budget agreement.
Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer(D-MD) spoke about the House schedule for the following week. Representative Cantor announced that… read more
Majority Leader Eric Cantor (R-VA) and Minority Whip Steny Hoyer(D-MD) spoke about the House schedule for the following week. Representative Cantor announced that the House would not adjourn the 112th Congress until the “fiscal cliff” was resolved.
“Fiscal cliff” referred to impending tax increases and budget cuts at the end of 2012 if Congress failed to reach a new budget agreement. close
Transcript type Closed Captioning Record People Graphical Timeline
Filter by Speaker All Speakers Eric Cantor Steny Hoyer
Eric Cantor U.S. Representative [R] Virginia
Steny Hoyer U.S. Representative [D] Maryland
Jack Brooks Tribute
Representatives Cantor and Hoyer on the Fiscal Cliff
House Highlight
Dec 06, 2012 | 5:22am EST | C-SPAN 1
See all on 112th Congress
Open Phones
Telephone lines were open for viewer comments on the question, “Do you have confidence in congressional leadership to avoid…
2012 Election and the Lame-Duck Congress
Panelists talked about issues facing the lame-duck session of the 112th Congress, as well as what the first 100 days of the 113th could include. They focused on…
Senator Schumer on the Fiscal Cliff
Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) talked about the lame-duck session of the 112th Congress as members try to reach a compromise on the…
2012 Election Economic Issues
Panelists, former congressional staff members, talked about economic issues facing the lame-duck session of the 112th Congress, as well as how they…
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Day 7: Witnesses describe Fields’ arrest
12/04/18 at 5:01 PM
The prosecution rested today in the trial of James Alex Fields Jr. and the defense began its case, both sides focusing on the defendant during and after his arrest August 12, 2017.
In prosecution videos of Fields after he was taken into police custody, he repeatedly apologized, asked about any injuries, and hyperventilated for more than two minutes during his interrogation. The jury also heard recordings of two phone calls from jail between Fields and his mother, in which he seemed much less apologetic.
In a December 7, 2017, call, Fields can be heard asking his mom an unintelligible question about “that one girl who died.” We can assume that this is Heather Heyer, whom he’s on trial for murdering when he drove his gray Dodge Challenger into a crowd on Fourth Street.
He then mentions that Heyer’s mother has been giving “speeches and shit,” and “slandering” him. “She’s one of those anti-white communists,” Fields says on the recording. And his mother, seemingly reacting to his insensitivity, points out that Heyer died, and that her mother loved her.
Responds Fields, “It doesn’t fucking matter, she’s a communist. It’s not up for questioning. She is. She’s the enemy.”
In a March 21, 2018, phone call between Fields and his mom, Fields complained that he was “not doing anything wrong” on August 12, “and then I get mobbed by a violent group of terrorist for defending my person.”
And he claimed “antifa” were waving ISIS flags at the Unite the Right rally. His mom expressed some kind of intelligible dissent, and suggested he stop talking. “They’re communist, mother, they do support them,” he countered.
Also entered into evidence were text messages between Fields and his mom before the rally. On August 8, he told her he’d gotten the weekend off to go to the rally, and on August 10, she responded with, “Be careful.” And on August 11, he said, “We’re not the [ones] who need to be careful.” He attached an image of Adolf Hitler along with it.
Before resting his case, Commonwealth’s Attorney Joe Platania also played bodycam footage from Detective Steve Young, who appeared on the scene of Monticello Avenue and Blenheim Road as Fields was being detained.
In the audio of the interaction, Fields appeared to be cooperating with police, and repeated multiple iterations of “I’m sorry.”
When Young asked what he was sorry for, he said, “I didn’t want to hurt people, but I thought they were attacking me. …Even if they are [unintelligible], I still feel bad for them. They’re still people.”
He said he had an empty suitcase—”a family heirloom”—in his trunk, and asked police not to throw it away.
Fields also indicated leg pain, and when asked if he needed medical attention, he said, “I’d prefer if they see to the people who were rioting.”
He asked multiple times about any injuries sustained when he drove his car into the crowd on Fourth Street. And once he was taken to the Charlottesville Police Department for interrogation, he finally got his answer.
“There are people with severe injuries. I know one has passed away,” answered Detective Brady Kirby, as heard on the recording. For the next two or three minutes, Fields can be heard hyperventilating. He simultaneously cries while struggling to breathe.
At this point in the courtroom, Fields sat hunched over between his two attorneys, watching the video intently and quickly flicking his pen back and forth. Usually seated to the right of his lawyers, he traded places with one of them for a clearer view.
Once at the local jail, Fields could be heard telling the magistrate in another recording that as he pulled onto Fourth Street, he had his GPS turned on and he was just trying to go home. He saw two cars stopped at the bottom of the street and began backing up. He said he felt a “really weird” emotion once he saw the counterprotesters.
“I didn’t know what to do,” he said, and never mentioned driving into them.
He also requested to have his face washed before getting his mugshot taken.
After the commonwealth rested, defense attorney John Hill moved to strike all of the charges against his client except for the hit-and-run. He said the prosecutors failed to prove that Fields showed intent to kill and actual malice. But Judge Rick Moore overruled the motions, and said, “I don’t know what intent he could have had other than to kill people.”
The defense called four witnesses, including Deputy Paul Critzer, who chased Fields in his cruiser and eventually cuffed him.
Critzer said he followed Fields for almost a mile, and Fields eventually pulled over on Monticello Avenue. The deputy then instructed him to put his hands outside the window, and started moving toward the Challenger when Fields drew his hands back inside and smashed on the gas. Critzer then chased him for what he described as less than a football field of length before Fields stopped again, and following Critzer’s commands, he threw his hands and keys outside of his window.
That’s when Critzer approached him from the passenger side—another officer had met Fields on the driver’s side—and slapped the cuffs on him.
Deputy Fred Kirschnick described Fields as “very quiet” “very wide-eyed” and “sweating profusely,” as he waited to be taken to the police department for questioning. He smelled a “light to moderate” stench of urine on Fields, which matches the description of a yellow stain on his shirt that others had testified to.
Lunsford also called city officer Tammy Shifflet, who was stationed at the intersection of Fourth and Market streets that morning, and who left her post before the car attack because things had gotten too chaotic.
She said she called her commander to ask for assistance, and he directed her to meet up with other officers. There was a small barricade she described as a “sawhorse” blocking Fourth Street when she left.
The defense is expected to call approximately eight more witnesses. Closing arguments could happen Thursday with a jury verdict as soon as Friday, according to the judge.
Tags: August 12, Charlottesville Police Department, denise lunsford, Fred Kirshnick, James Alex Fields, James Fields, Jeremy Carper, joe platania, John Hill, Nina Antony, Paul Critzer, Tammy Shifflet, unite the right
Day 6: How Heather died—Witnesses detail severity of injuries
In brief: Take it or leaf it, when racists call, Facebook reprimand and more
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Five Canadian cats in first half of 2017 led to $438 million in insured losses: Property Claim Services
August 9, 2017 by Jason Contant, Online Editor
aggregate loss
auto losses
cat events
commercial losses
flood event
hailstorms
insured losses
loss ratios
PCS Canada
PCS H1 2017 Catastrophe Review
personal losses
Property Claim Services
retrocessional catastrophe bonds
severe storm
Ted Gregory
Tom Johansmeyer
wind and thunderstorm event
Five catastrophe events in Canada led to $438 million in insured losses in the first half of this year, according to the PCS H1 2017 Catastrophe Review, released on Wednesday.
“Unsurprisingly, insured losses from PCS-designated events in Canada fell dramatically from the first half of 2016 to the first half of 2017,” Property Claim Services said in the report. “The Fort McMurray wildfire event, of course, caused last year’s loss total to skyrocket, making it the most active loss year on record for PCS Canada.”
The wildfire itself generated insured losses of nearly $4 billion, with events in the first half of 2016 resulting in insured losses of $4.2 billion from six events.
“In the first half of 2017, insurers experienced the highest level of catastrophe frequency in the history of PCS Canada, with five events designated,” Ted Gregory, director of operations with PCS, told Canadian Underwriter. “In fact, that’s pretty close to the average full year for Canada. Ontario sustained the most catastrophe activity so far this year, mostly as a result of severe storm activity in March, April, and May.”
While the number of events this year was nearly twice the five-year average of three first-half events, the insured loss was 64% below the average for that period. Since the inception of PCS Canada in 2010, the average first-half insured loss total is $1.2 billion, pushed higher by Fort McMurray, PCS explained.
The report said that before the Fort McMurray wildfire in Alberta, the largest single cat event designated by PCS in Canada came in 2013, also in Alberta. The $1.7 billion flood event was the largest on record in the country, followed by a wind and thunderstorm event that brought significant flooding to Ontario in 2013 at $943 million.
Since the launch of PCS Canada, Alberta has sustained insured cat losses of $10 billion, making it the most affected province and representing 77% of all insured losses from PCS-designated cat events in Canada. As measured by frequency, however, Ontario has been affected most. The province is included in 53% of all cat events that PCS has designated in Canada.
“The increased frequency of catastrophe activity in Canada gives insurers and reinsurers yet another reason – following last year’s Fort McMurray event – to keep a close eye on the region,” Tom Johansmeyer, PCS assistant vice president, told Canadian Underwriter. “Should the severity of the severe storms affecting Canada begin to increase – as it has in Texas, for example – programs thought to be more remote could wind up attaching unexpectedly. While this may not impact the large retrocessional catastrophe bonds covering Canadian risk, it could have implications for loss ratios in the traditional market.”
In the United States, first-half cat losses this year increased approximately 10% from the same period in 2016, according to the report. At just over US$15 billion, 2017 was the largest first half for insured losses since 2011. The number of events occurring in the first half was the most since 1980, continuing the trend of increased frequency. Although the average loss per event dropped a bit from last year, there were still four events with insured losses above US$1 billion.
PCS designated 29 U.S. cat events in the first half of 2017, making it the most active first half since 1980 (30 designated events). “And at more than US$15 billion in insured losses, this year’s first half had the highest insured loss amount since 2011, which had US$24 billion in insured losses,” the report said. “Further, 2017’s first-half catastrophe losses exceed the ten-year historical average (2008 to 2017) by 16 per cent.”
With 14 events subject to resurvey, the first-half result could increase, PCS pointed out, adding that frequency was also above average – 24% higher than the ten-year average of 22 events. The first half distinguished itself in other ways as well: four events had insured losses above US$1 billion, and only three were below US$100 million.
PCS called the second quarter of 2015 “modestly active” at US$8 billion, “and once all H1 resurveys are finalized, it will likely be consistent with the ten-year average of US$9.2 billion.” Only two second-quarter U.S. cat loss totals exceeded US$10 billion in the past 10 years. In 2011, six Q2 events above US$1 billion each were largely responsible for the US$22 billion in aggregate insured cat losses and four events exceeding US$1 billion each pushed the 2012 Q2 total to US$10.8 billion. In 2014, four Q2 events of more than US$1 billion came close to an aggregate loss of US$10 billion, but fell US$400 million short.
In total, 36 states were affected by first-half cat events this year, down slightly from 39 in H1 2016. This year’s first-half total is still well above 2015 (27) and 2014 (24). PCS reported that Texas remains the hardest-hit state of the year, with 15 first-half events (up from 14 last year), resulting in insured losses of approximately US$3.4 billion. Although that amount is less than half the total Texas sustained in H1 2016, it is still well above the H1 2015 total of US$2.4 billion.
This year, Colorado followed Texas at US$1.6 billion, with Minnesota next at US$1.1 billion. Illinois and Missouri round out the top five at US$800 million and US$740 million, respectively. In the first half of 2016, Nebraska was second after Texas, with two events causing just over US$550 million in losses, followed by Missouri (US$440 million), Arkansas (US$410 million) and Illinois (US$360 million).
In the U.S., personal losses accounted for 65% of H1 activity (approximately US$10 billion), followed by auto losses at 20% and commercial losses at 15%. “The unusually high rate of auto losses is the directed result of hailstorms in Texas,” PCS concluded. “Last year, first-half personal losses accounted for 66 per cent of first-half activity, followed by commercial at 20 per cent and vehicle at 14 per cent.”
Fort McMurray wildfire accounts for 98% of H1 insured cat losses in Canada, 29% of PCS-designated North American losses
2015 cat bond issuance activity by new limit fell 25% to US$6 billion year over year: PCS
2016 insured losses for Canadian cats reached about $4.9 billion last year – 10 times more severe than 2015: PCS
2015 the quietest Canadian catastrophe year in five years, with $510 million in insured losses: PCS
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Best Counseling Degrees
Top 10 Online Master’s Degrees in Student Affairs and College Counseling
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The foundation of Utah State University occurred after the federal government passed a new act of legislature that called for the formation of at least one institution of higher learning in each state. Its founder hoped to create an agricultural school like those found overseas in parts of Europe, but it didn't take long before the university realized that it needed to add more programs to draw in more students. It also gained more students through the addition of an extension program. Designed to help students complete degrees from anywhere in the state, the extension program eventually became its online program. The online program now welcomes students living in states and cities across the country and even some international students.
Utah State University also added three new satellite campuses in the state itself. These campuses typically offer night and weekend classes to better accommodate the schedules of students working and those who have other commitments. A large number of students also take a combination of online courses and classes on one of the satellite campuses before transferring to the main campus. Washington Monthly placed USU at number 23 on its list of top American colleges, and U.S. News and World Report ranked the school at 170 nationally.
Utah State University Accreditation Details
The Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities grants accreditation to schools that meet several different requirements. The college must have a strong mission, resources for all its students, plans for the future, the ability to change and improve for students and the ability to adapt in the future. Utah State University received accreditation from the NWCCU for its general college programs. Unlike other organizations that only check back every 10 years, the NCCU performs an annual review and granted accreditation every year to USU for several straight years in a row. This lets students know that they will have all their needs met and that they can look forward to seeing the university change and adapt as the needs of its students change.
USU also has accreditation from a number of other national and regional organizations for some of the specific programs available on campus or online. It has accreditation for its engineering, music, teaching and business programs. Students curious about whether the program they enroll in has accreditation can do a simple search with the United States Department of Education. They can also gain more information when they contact the school or the head of the department.
Utah State University Application Requirements
Applying to Utah State University requires that students submit five pieces of information. They must fill out the online application, which asks them about the courses they took in high school, current address, biographical details and grade point average. The online application process allows students to log back in and check their status. They can see whether the school is still looking at the application or if they received acceptance. Students must also pay an application fee of $40 that increases to $55 if they pay the fee late. USU also requires that students submit their test scores from the SAT or ACT, high school transcript or score on the GED and transcripts from any colleges they attended.
Though Utah State is a public university, it still requires that students meet the bare minimum requirements for acceptance. Anyone enrolling must score an 820 on the SAT minus the writing section or a 17 on the ACT. GED students must show that they received a score of 656 or higher on that examination. Traditional students will need to show that they had a grade point average of 2.5 or higher on a regular 4.0 scale. USU also offers a fast track option for current high school seniors who submit an application and pay the associated fee earlier in the year.
Utah State University does not charge less for online classes like some schools do. The university bases its tuition rates on whether students come from in or out of state and whether they live in the state or another state while taking classes. Tuition rates start at $175 per credit hour for Utah residents who take classes on campus or online and live in the state. Those residents living out of state who take classes online will see their rates rising to $299 per credit hour. Nonresidents of Utah pay $299 per credit hour if they live out of state and $522 per credit hour if they live in state. Tuition is also higher for international students, and these costs do not include technology and similar fees or room and board on campus.
Students can receive financial aid from USU. The university asks that all students complete the Free Application for Student Financial Aid. As long as they list USU on that application, a copy will go to the school. If the student qualifies for any scholarships, the university will send them a packet that tells them how to apply and the deadlines for those scholarships. Students can also use government loans and grants and/or private student loans.
BS in Family Life Studies Online
Utah State University is one of the only schools that offers a Bachelor of Science in Family Studies and one of the only to offer this program entirely online. Designed for students who want to work with families, graduates of the program work as therapists, social workers, family planning organizations and the foster care system. Though the program requires that students complete 120 credit hours of work, many students will complete even more credits due to the work they do in their minors. Students must take four prerequisite courses that teach them more about family dynamics, career planning and the developmental stages.
Students also take core courses on social policy, research, math and science before taking three courses from each of the concentrations in the program. Those concentrations include family relations, consumer sciences and human development. All family studies students must also complete a final project during their last year, which is similar to a capstone project or thesis. They choose a topic with the help of an advisor and complete an in-depth study on that topic. Utah State University introduced this requirement to give students more hands on experience.
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Wish List: Help this mom as she completes studies at University of Cincinnati
Miadra Cheatham is a psychology student at UC. She lives with her boyfriend Will Ross and their year-old son Royal near campus.
Wish List: Help this mom as she completes studies at University of Cincinnati Miadra Cheatham is a psychology student at UC. She lives with her boyfriend Will Ross and their year-old son Royal near campus. Check out this story on cincinnati.com: http://cin.ci/2BthQCW
Anne Saker, asaker@enquirer.com Published 9:34 p.m. ET Dec. 23, 2017 | Updated 9:43 p.m. ET Dec. 23, 2017
Miadra Cheatham, a UC psychology students, is wishing for $313.14 to fix her 2001 car.(Photo: The Enquirer/Anne Saker)Buy Photo
Each year, The Enquirer promotes the Wish List giving season fundraiser for the United Way of Greater Cincinnati. Since the 1980s, the Wish List has raised more than $4 million from readers. Today, learn the story of University of Cincinnati student and mother Miadra Cheatham.
Who is the person in need?
Miadra Cheatham, 22, is a psychology student at the University of Cincinnati. She lives with her boyfriend Will Ross and their year-old son Royal near campus. She grew up in Columbus, where her mother Carla Cheatham reared Miadra by herself.
Miadra dreamed of going to Penn State University but didn’t finish all her high-school testing in time, “which kind of crushed my confidence a little bit. But I didn’t want to just sit still,” so she went to nail school and earned a manicurist’s license. Then she enrolled at UC, and she and Ross moved to Cincinnati and started their family while she went to school.
On Feb. 20, her mother, Carla, died from heart and lung disease at 56. “I talked to her the day before, so this was just shocking. . . . Everyone’s telling me, don’t think too deep about it. God has a plan for everybody. I know that I made my mother proud, and she was able to meet her grandson and become a grandmother."
What difficulties in life is she overcoming?
Cheatham’s mother had provided financial supporting her, so Cheatham had to find another way. With help from Easterseals this summer, through Cheatham enrolled in training to become a phlebotomist. Then she got a part-time job at Good Samaritan Hospital – “where I had my son!” – drawing blood. She is in school full-time and expects to graduate next year.
What is her wish from the Wish List giving season?
“To get my car fixed.” Cheatham inherited her mother’s 2001 Hyundai Sonata, “the only thing I was left from my mother. It means a lot to me.” The program for her mother’s funeral service rides inside the windshield. But the car cuts off on her, and the front axle is causing problems. She took the car to Smith Muffler in Covington, which estimated repairs at $313.14.
What does the holiday season mean to them?
“This year, it’s bittersweet,” she said. “This is the first Christmas without my mother, and I want to make it special for my son. More than anything, I want to make it something that he can remember. I still want to feel the warmth. I love Christmas. I want to focus on being genuinely happy.”
How to help Miadra
Donations may be made online to help at this web address: www.uwgc.org/wishlist.
People wishing to mail donations may send them to the United Way at this address: The Wish List, P.O. Box 6207, Cincinnati, OH 45206
Read or Share this story: http://cin.ci/2BthQCW
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International Economic Institution’s: The Breton Woods Twins- World Bank and IMF
International Economic Institution’s
World Bank and Associated Institutions
The World Bank Group (WBG) is a family of five international organisations that make leveraged loans to developing countries. It is the largest and most famous development bank in the world and is an observer at the United Nation Development Group.
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), better known as the World Bank, was established under the Bretton Woods System along with the International Monetary Fund.
The role of IMF was to provide the international liquidity in the International Economy which was hampered due to World War 2. The aim of IMF was to correct Balance of Payment difficulties.
In the similar vein, the aim of the World Bank was to provide long term development assistance to and loans in reasonable terms to the nations.
The World Bank or IBRD is a multilateral level inter-governmental Institution. All the member countries have their shares in the capital stock of the World Bank.
Key Functions of the World Bank as per Article 1 of the Agreement
Organisation Structure of the World Bank
The World Bank works on a cooperative structure and currently has 189-member countries. These member countries are represented by a ‘Board of Governor’ are the ultimate policy makers of the World Bank. The Boards of Governors consist of one Governor and one Alternate Governor appointed by each member country. The office is usually held by the country’s minister of finance, governor of its central bank, or a senior official of similar rank.
The governors delegate specific duties to Executive directors, who works at the Bank premises. The five largest shareholders appoint an executive director, while other member countries are represented by elected executive directors.
World Bank Group Current President is Jim Yong Kim who chairs the meetings of the Boards of Directors and is responsible for overall management of the Bank. The President is selected by the Board of Executive Directors for a five-year, renewable term.
The Executive Directors make up the Board of Directors of the World Bank. They normally meet at least twice a week to oversee the Bank’s business, including approval of loans and guarantees, new policies, the administrative budget, country assistance strategies and borrowing and financial decisions.
Is World Bank Biased Towards Developed Countries?
It has been a complaint of many developing countries that the bank provides developmental loans at discretionary high-interest rates. For example, some of the loans which India has received in recent years bear an interest of 53.4 per cent including the commission at 1 per cent which is credited to the Bank’s special reserves.
The financial aids given by the Bank accounts for a minuscule part of financial requirement essential for various development projects in developing countries.
The bank usually asks for the collateral from the under developed countries which are difficult to provide by such countries due to their low level of income and development. The logical question is ‘if the poor and underdeveloped countries have an asset to provide as collateral, why would they approach institutions like the World Bank for loans at a concessional rate?
The working, structure and operations of the World Bank are dominated by the Western countries led by the USA, who are also one of the highest stakeholders at the Bank. The bank has often been criticized for not being multilateral in the true sense and works more like a unilateral institution of the Western countries with the main aim of providing profits to them.
With the World Bank, there are concerns about the types of development projects funded. Many infrastructure projects financed by the World Bank Group have social and environmental implications for the populations in the affected areas, and the criticism has centred on the ethical issues of funding such projects. For example, World Bank-funded construction of hydroelectric dams in various countries has resulted in the displacement of indigenous peoples of the area.
The approach adopted by the bank is not suitable for all the countries. The bank follows ‘One Size Fits All’ strategy while providing development assistance and policies. Such strategies cannot work effectively in a real-life World since problems and situations vary country wise, and a common solution to all of them is not possible and utopian in nature. For example, The problem of Stunting (low height of Children as per their age) for an Indian child can’t be compared with that of an African child. The African child will be much longer in height as compared to its Indian counterpart in same age group. Thus, they both need different types of calories intake as per their geography.
International Development Assistance
The International Development Association (IDA) is the part of the World Bank group that helps the world’s poorest countries. Overseen by 173 shareholder nations, IDA aims to reduce poverty by providing loans (called “credits”) and grants for programs that boost economic growth, reduce inequalities, and improve people’s living conditions.
IDA complements the World Bank’s original lending arm—the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). IBRD was established to function as a self-sustaining business and provides loans and advice to middle-income and credit-worthy poor countries. IBRD and IDA share the same staff and headquarters and evaluate projects with the same rigorous standards.
IDA is one of the largest sources of assistance for the world’s 75 poorest countries, 39 of which are in Africa, and is the single largest source of donor funds for basic social services in these countries.
IDA lends money on concessional terms. This means that IDA credits have a zero or very low-interest charge and repayments are stretched over 25 to 40 years, including a 5- to 10-year grace period. IDA also provides grants to countries at risk of debt distress.
In addition to concessional loans and grants, IDA provides significant levels of debt relief through the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries Initiative and the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative.
IDA is a multi-issue institution, supporting a range of development activities, such as primary education, basic health services, clean water and sanitation, agriculture, business climate improvements, infrastructure, and institutional reforms. These interventions pave the way toward equality, economic growth, job creation, higher incomes, and better living conditions. For the period July 1, 2014–June 30, 2017 (IDA17), IDA operations are placing a special emphasis on four thematic areas: climate change, fragile and conflict affected countries, gender equality, and inclusive growth.
IDA17 financing is expected to provide, among other things, electricity for an estimated 15-20 million people, life-saving vaccines for 200 million children, microfinance loans for more than 1 million women, and basic health services for 65 million people. Some 32 million people will benefit from access to clean water and another 5.6 million from better sanitation facilities.
Many of the issues developing countries face do not respect borders. By helping address these problems, IDA supports security, environmental and health concerns, and works to prevent these threats from becoming global issues.
International Finance Corporation
The IFC was established in 1956 to support the growth of the private sector in the developing world. IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused exclusively on the private sector in developing countries.
The IFC’s stated mission is “to promote sustainable private sector investment in developing countries, helping to reduce poverty and improve people’s lives.”
While the World Bank (IBRD and IDA) provides credit and non-lending assistance to governments, the IFC provides loans and equity financing, advice, and technical services to the private sector. The IFC also plays a catalytic role, by mobilizing additional capital through loan syndication and by lessening the political risk for investors, enabling their participation in a given project. The IFC has worked with more than 3319 companies in 140 countries since its inception in 1956.
It is a public entity, although its clientele consists of transnational, national, and local private sector companies, operating in a competitive and fast-moving business environment.
Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
MIGA is a member of the World Bank Group. Its mission is to promote FDI into developing countries to help support economic growth, reduce poverty and improves people’s lives.
At the centre of MIGA’s new FY18-20 strategy are three elements:
A re-affirmed focus on the poorest through support for projects in IDA countries
A continuing emphasis on Fragile and Conflict-affected States, where MIGA has opportunity to have impact where private PRI insurers are unwilling to go, and
An expanded commitment to climate change mitigation and adaptation, targeting 28% of new issuance related to climate change mitigation or adaptation in 2020.
To deliver on these targets, MIGA’s FY18-20 strategy has four pillars:
Grow core business: MIGA will enable new investments across sectors and regions through building on past efforts to improve operations and delivery in current segments.
Innovate applications: MIGA will continue to create new ways of using its suite of products to create impact, especially through the use of new vehicles, including the IDA 18 Private Sector Window.
Create projects for impact: MIGA will develop, structure and launch new projects by playing a proactive role early in the pipeline through working with governments, state-owned enterprises, and investors.
Create markets: MIGA will drive comprehensive country solutions and spur private sector investment and development by working as part of the WBG’s Cascade Approach.
MIGA is owned and governed by its member states, but has its own executive leadership and staff which carry out its daily operations. Its shareholders are member governments which provide paid-in-capital and have the right to vote on its matters. It insures long-term debt and equity investments as well as other assets and contracts with long-term periods. The agency is assessed by the World Bank’s Independent Evaluation Group each year.
The IMF is an organization of 189-member countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitates international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth along with poverty reduction.
The IMF was conceived at a United Nation Conference in Bretton Woods, New Hemisphere, United States in July 1944 along with the World Bank. The initial 44-member countries at the conference sought to build a framework for economic cooperation and to avoid a repetition of competitive devaluation of currency which has contributed to ‘Great Depression of the 1930s’.
The IMF’s primary responsibility is to ensure the stability of international monetary system remains safe, to safeguard the system of the exchange rate and international payments so that countries could transact with each other freely.
The IMF’s mandate was updated in the year 2012, to include all macroeconomic and financial sector issues that can affect global financial stability.
IMF at Glance
Total Member 189 Countries
Headquarter Washington DC, USA
Executive Board 24 Directors each representing a single or group of countries
Total Resources US $668 Billion
Currency Special Drawings Rights (SDR consists of 5 Key World currencies: US Dollar, Euro, Japanese Yen, UK Pound and Chinese Renminbi.
Biggest Borrowers Portugal, Greece, Ukraine and Pakistan (as on 31/08/2016)
Role of IMF in promoting Global Economic Stability
The IMF advises member countries on economic and financial matters that promote stability, reduce vulnerability to crises, and encourages sustained growth and high living standards. It also monitors global economic trends and developments that affect the health of the international monetary and financial system.
Economic stability implies avoiding economic and financial crises, volatility in economic activity, high inflation and excessive volatility in foreign exchange and financial markets. Economic instability can increase uncertainty, discourage investment, obstruct economic growth and living standards. The biggest challenge for policy makers is to minimize instability in their own country and abroad without reducing the economy’s ability to improve living standards through rising productivity, employment and sustainable growth.
How Does IMF help in achieving stability?
The IMF help countries achieve stability through Surveillance, Assistance and Lending.
Surveillance: Every country joining IMF accepts the obligation to subject its economic and financial policies to the scrutiny of the international community. The IMF oversees the international monetary system and monitors the economic and financial developments of its 189-member countries. The surveillance takes place at the global and individual country level. The IMF assesses the domestic policies and risk associated with domestic and balance of payment stability and advises for the same.
The IMF produces periodic report known as “World Economic Outlook” and the “Global Financial Stability Report” regarding the same. The report’s analyses global and regional macroeconomic and financial developments.
Technical Assistance: The IMF helps countries strengthen their capacity to design and implement sound economic policies. It provides advice and training in areas of core expertise—including fiscal, monetary, and exchange rate policies; the regulation and supervision of financial systems; statistics; and legal frameworks.
Lending: Even the best economic policies cannot completely eradicate instability or avert crises. If a member country faces a balance of payment crisis, the IMF can provide financial assistance to support policy programs that will correct underlying macro economic problems, limit disruption to both the domestic and the global economy, and help restore confidence, stability, and growth. The IMF also offers precautionary credit lines for countries with sound economic fundamentals for crisis prevention.
IMF’s Special Drawing Rights
The SDR is an international reserve asset created by IMF in 1969 to supplement its member countries official reserves. The value of SDR is based on a basket of five major currencies- the US Dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the UK Pound and the Chinese Renminbi.
The Creation of SDR: A country participating in foreign exchange market needs official foreign exchange reserves. The domestic governments hold these foreign exchange reserves in the form of Gold and widely accepted foreign currencies like the US dollar or the Euro. The domestic countries use their foreign exchange reserves during the crisis period or when they need to provide support to their respective currencies and exchange rate. The countries do so by buying their currency in the foreign exchange rate markets by paying through dollar or gold. But the supply of two key international reserve assets- the US dollar and the gold is inadequate for supporting the needs and expansion of the financial flows. Therefore, the international community decided to create a new international reserve asset called ‘SDR’ under the leadership of the IMF.
IMF Quota System
Quotas are central to IMF’s financial resource. Each member country of the IMF is assigned a quota of resources based broadly on its relative position in the World Economy. A member country’s quota determines its maximum financial commitment to the IMF, its voting rights and its access to IMF lending’s.
When a country joins the IMF, it is assigned an initial quota based on its size of the economy. The current quota formula is a weighted average of:
Country’s GDP (50 percent weight)
Openness of the economy (30 percent weight)
Economic variability (15 percent)
Intranational/Foreign reserves (5 percent)
Quotas are determined in SDR terms. The largest member of the IMF is the United States, with a current quota of SDR 82.99 Billion and the smallest member is Tuvalu, with a quota of SDR 2.5 Million. India’s current quota is SDR 13.1 Billion.
The quota plays a key role in determining a country’s financial and organisational relationship with the IMF. A member’s quota subscription determines the maximum amount of financial resources the member is obliged to provide to the IMF. The quota determines the member voting power inside the IMF decision making. A number of finances a member can access from the IMF is also based on its share of quota.
The 14th General Quota review which met on January 2016 decided to increase the quota of each of the IMF 189 members to a combined SDR of 477 Billion from about SDR 238.5 Billion. With the move, the IMF has implemented its long pending quota reforms (under pressure from the emerging economies) which will give more voting rights to emerging economies such as India and China in the functioning of the IMF.
With these reforms, India’s quota in the IMF would rise to 2.7 percent, from the existing 2.44 percent. The voting share of Indian in IMF would also increase to 2.6 percent from 2.34 percent. The reforms reflected the increasing role of dynamic emerging and developing countries in the World economy. For the first-time key emerging countries of the BRIC bloc (Brazil, India, China and Russia) will be among the 10 largest members of the IMF. China has become the third largest country in the IMF.
Other top 10 countries include the US, Japan, Germany, France, UK and Italy. Also for the first time, the IMF board will consist entirely of elected executive directors, ending the past tradition of having appointed executive directors.
The reforms shifted more than 6 percent of quota shares from over represented to under-represented countries. the reforms also shifted more than 6 percent quota shares to emerging and developing countries.
Himanshu Arora
Doctoral Scholar in Economics & Senior Research Fellow, CDS, Jawaharlal Nehru University
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Man sleeping in dumpster survives getting crushed in compactor - twice
December 9, 2015 / 9:55 AM / CBS News
FREMONT -- A 44-year-old man who had been sleeping in a dumpster outside a Fremont restaurant managed to survive two cycles of compaction in a garbage truck Monday morning, police said, CBS San Francisco reports.
Fremont firefighters asked police for assistance for a medical call after the man climbed out of the garbage truck near Fremont Boulevard and Alder Avenue at about 6:45 a.m. Monday, police said.
Investigators learned that the man had been sleeping in the trash bin at a local restaurant when it was emptied into the garbage truck, according to police.
The man was able to survive two cycles of compaction before deciding to climb out of the truck and jump down to the street, police said.
The man was transported to a hospital for a medical evaluation and was still there as of late Monday, according to Fremont police spokeswoman Geneva Bosques.
When officers learned the man's identity, they discovered there were several outstanding warrants for him but they don't plan to press charges against him at this time because a mental health hold has been placed on him, Bosques said.
The man, whose name isn't being released by police because of his mental health issues, "is very lucky to have survived," she said.
First published on December 9, 2015 / 9:55 AM
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Syrian forces step up attacks near Damascus
January 30, 2012 / 11:50 AM / AP
BEIRUT - Syrian forces heavily shelled the restive city of Homs on Monday and troops pushed back dissident troops from some suburbs on the outskirts of Damascus in an offensive trying to regain control of the capital's eastern doorstep, activists said.
President Bashar Assad's regime is intensifying its assault aimed at crushing army defectors and protesters, even as the West tries to overcome Russian opposition and win a new U.N. resolution demanding a halt to Syria's crackdown on the 10-month-old uprising. Activists reported at least 28 civilians killed on Monday.
With talks on the resolution due to begin Tuesday, a French official said at least 10 members of the Security Council backed the measure, which includes a U.N. demand that Assad carry out an Arab League peace plan. The plan requires Assad to hand his powers over to his vice president and allow the creation of a unity government within two months. Damascus has rejected the proposal.
Syrian troops try to retake Damascus suburbs
Arab League halts mission in Syria
Syria activists: More than 50 dead in last 2 days
A text needs support from nine nations on the 15-member U.N. Security Council to go to a vote. The French official spoke on condition of anonymity in line with departmental rules.
The British and French foreign ministers were heading to New York to push for backing of the measure in Tuesday's U.N. talks.
In London, British Prime Minister David Cameron's office urged Moscow to reconsider its opposition to the measure.
"Russia can no longer explain blocking the U.N. and providing cover for the regime's brutal repression," a spokeswoman for Cameron said, on customary condition of anonymity in line with policy.
Russia insists it won't support any resolution it believes could open the door to an eventual foreign military intervention in Syria, the way an Arab-backed U.N. resolution paved the way for NATO airstrikes in Libya. Instead, the Kremlin said Monday it was trying to put together negotiations in Moscow between Damascus and the opposition.
It said Assad's government has agreed to participate. The opposition has in the past rejected any negotiations unless violence stops, and there was no immediate word whether any of the multiple groups that make up the anti-Assad camp would attend.
The United Nations estimated several weeks ago that more than 5,400 people have been killed in Syria's crackdown since the uprising against Assad's rule began in March. The bloodshed has continued since with more than 190 killed in the past five days and the U.N. says it has been unable to update the figure.
Regime forces on Monday heavily shelled the central city of Homs, which has been one of the cities at the forefront of the uprising, activists said. Heavy machine gun fire hit the city's restive Baba Amr district.
The Syrian Human Rights Observatory reported that 14 were killed in the city on Monday. Another activist group, the Local Coordination Committees, put the number at 15. Both also reported the discovery of a family of six a couple and their four children who had been killed by gunfire several days earlier in the city's Karm el-Zeitoun district.
The past three days, pro-Assad forces have been fighting to take back a string of suburbs on the eastern approach to Damascus where army defectors who joined the opposition had seized control.
Government troops managed on Sunday evening to take control of two of the districts closest to Damascus, Ein Tarma and Kfar Batna, said Rami Abdul-Rahman, the London-based head of the Observatory.
On Monday, the regime forces were trying to take the next suburbs farther out, with heavy fighting in the districts of Saqba and Arbeen, he said.
At least five civilians were killed in the fighting near Damascus, the Observatory and LCC said. The Observatory also reported 10 army defectors and eight regime troops or security forces killed around the country.
The reports could not be independently confirmed. Syrian authorities keep tight control on the media and have banned many foreign journalists from entering the country.
The wide-scale offensive near the capital suggested the regime is worried that military defectors could close in on Damascus, which has remained relatively quiet while most other Syrian cities have slipped into chaos since the uprising began in March.
The violence has gradually approached the capital. In the past two weeks, army dissidents have become more visible, seizing several suburbs on the eastern edge of Damascus and setting up checkpoints where masked men wearing military attire and wielding assault rifles stop motorists and protect anti-regime protests.
Their presence so close to the capital is astonishing in tightly controlled Syria and suggests the Assad regime may either be losing control or setting up a trap for the fighters before going on the offensive.
State media reported that an "armed terrorist group" blew up a gas pipeline at dawn Monday. The pipeline carries gas from the central province of Homs to an area near the border with Lebanon. SANA news agency reported that the blast happened in Tal Hosh, which is about five miles (eight kilometers) from Talkalakh, along the border with Lebanon.
Further details were not immediately available.
There have been several pipeline attacks since the Syrian uprising began, but it is not clear who is behind them.
Assad's regime has blamed "terrorists" for driving the country's uprising, not protesters seeking democratic change.
First published on January 30, 2012 / 11:50 AM
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60 Minutes Overtime
Join CBSNews.com
Bob's books: A gallery of 60 Minutes art
The Books of 60 Minutes
How does an artist break down a complex news report into one, simple image? Learn from graphic designer Bob Corujo, whose creativity was put to the task each week at 60 Minutes.
Since 1980, Bob designed what’s known at 60 Minutes as the “book,” a magazine-style image that sits behind the correspondent and helps introduce viewers to a 60 Minutes story.
On June 30, 2016, after 35 years at 60 Minutes, Bob Corujo retired.
Credit: Bob Corujo
He’s created more than 3,000 “books” -- it’s not only his life’s work but also an illustrated history of some of the most important news events in the last 35 years.
“Behind Bars” aired on December 21, 2003.
Each one of Bob’s books flickers on television for less than a minute.
But they live on -- in frames lining the hallways of 60 Minutes. It’s a gallery of stories past. And producers collect the books that carry their names.
“Catastrophe” aired on March 20, 2011.
Longtime 60 Minutes producer Robert G. Anderson has produced more than 150 stories for 60 Minutes and every book is on his office wall -- including this one.
“Nixon on Nixon” aired on April 15, 1984.
As the graphic artist for a news show, Bob takes the “first artistic look at history,” said 60 Minutes executive producer Jeff Fager. “And there’s meaning to it. And a power to it.”
“A Few Good Women” aired on March 15, 2015.
When Morley Safer was asked what Bob’s work meant to the broadcast, he said, “It sets a very high bar to the stories it introduces. And I’m serious about that.”
“Discovered” aired on April 6, 2014.
For a report called “Frozen Assets,” Bob took a literal approach.
He took a dollar bill, put it in water and froze it overnight. The next day, he chipped away at the ice until Washington’s face peered through.
“Frozen Assets” aired on January 13, 2002.
“I like simple,” Bob says, “because too much embellishment sometimes, you know, you get lost in the sauce.”
“The View from the White House” aired on August 18, 1996.
Getting a point across clearly and simply is something Bob learned from Don Hewitt, the creator of 60 Minutes.
“Confessions of a Tobacco Lobbyist” aired on March 19, 1995.
Simplicity in storytelling is part of 60 Minutes’ makeup. “There’s not a lot of bells and whistles around this broadcast,” said executive producer Jeff Fager. “And Bobby’s part of that.”
“The Lost Boys” aired on March 31, 2013.
Meet the man who turns news into art on 60 Minutes Overtime.
“401K Recession” aired on April 19, 2009.
“The Tiny TV Network with the Big Mouth” aired on May 6, 2001.
“Alive and Kickin’” aired on January 4, 2015.
“City Within a City” aired on November 4, 2001.
“The Dust at Ground Zero” aired on September 9, 2007.
“Enough” aired on October 16, 1994.
“Evidence of Injustice” aired on November 18, 2007.
“Gustavo the Great” aired on February 17, 2008.
“Harry Potter” aired on September 12, 1999.
“Immortality” aired on January 1, 2006.
“Killing Cancer” aired on March 29, 2015.
“The Killings in Haditha” aired on March 18, 2007.
“Lumber Liquidators” aired on March 1, 2015.
“Made to Order” aired on October 22, 2000.
“Negligent Doctors” aired on June 14, 1992.
“Dying to Get In” aired on December 11, 2005.
“Obama ‘08” aired on February 10, 2008.
“Of Mice and Men” aired on April 1, 2001.
“Pigeon Fever” aired on February 14, 2010.
“President Bush” aired on January 14, 2007.
“Roberto Benigni” aired on February 28, 1999.
“Tax the Rich” aired on October 31, 2010.
“The Battle of Sadr City” aired on October 12, 2008.
“The Spark” aired on February 20, 2011.
“The Spy Among Us” aired on May 10, 2015.
“What Assault Weapons Ban?” aired on February 5, 1995.
“What’s New in the Art World?” aired on February 17, 2002.
“Whisky Island” aired on February 17, 2002.
“White Hot” aired on January 31, 2010.
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CSCS Gets a Double Victory in a Case Against the District of Columbia- Part I
We have previously reported about the case of Frank Harris, Jr., an individual who was institutionalized at St. Elizabeth's Hospital because he was found not guilty of a minor property crime, by reason of insanity. Although it might seem harsh that an individual could be placed in a mental institution for over thirty years over a minor property crime, the law does permit an individual to be retained in the care, custody, control of the District of Columbia if they are found guilty by reason of insanity unless and until the judge finds that they have been "cured". Mr. Harris had been complaining that bad demons were "invading" through his eyes and that he needed to tear his eyes out. Numerous medical records reported the necessity of protecting Mr. Harris from tearing his eyes out. Despite the fact that the records stated that Mr. Harris needed that protection, the District of Columbia assigned an individual to Mr. Harris who was not adequately familiar with Mr. Harris' condition. He released Mr. Harris without adequate protection, e.g. hand mitts, and Mr. Harris immediately tore both of his eyes out.
Shortly after filing the lawsuit on behalf of Mr. Harris, the District of Columbia sent the guardian representing Mr. Harris a bill for over $2.2 million for the "care" provided to him during his institutionalization. There was a public outcry against the District of Columbia for attempting to recover the cost of "caring" for Mr. Harris from monies it would pay to compensate Mr. Harris for negligently permitting him to tear his eyes out. Initially it was only the Washington Post that wrote an editorial " Blind Injustice " which aligned itself with the viewpoint of Ira Sherman, Esq. and Joseph Cammarata, Esq., the partners at Chaikin, Sherman, Cammarata & Siegel, P.C. that were representing Mr. Harris. Within a matter of weeks, City Councilmember At-Large, Phillip Mendelson and City Council Chairman Vincent Gray agreed with Messrs. Sherman and Cammarata and wrote Mayor Fenty a letter requesting that he withdraw the bill sent to the guardian because it was unfair and inappropriate. The Mayor seemed unaffected by the public outcry and the outcry within the city council. Council members Mendelson and Gray successfully lobbied other members of the District of Columbia city council to support the introduction of legislation to cure the unfair actions of the Mayor and his staff of lawyers. Eleven of thirteen council members co-authored and introduced the "Frank Harris, Jr. Offset Justice Amendment Act of 2007".
In summary, the bill, a copy of which is appended to this blog, would prohibit the District of Columbia from seeking recovery of money expended to care for Mr. Harris from the proceeds of monies provided to Mr. Harris resulting from the negligence of his care. We are proud of the success of this collective effort.
/Frank%20Harris%20Jr.%20Offset%20Amendment%20Act%20of%202007-1.pdf
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2 House Seats to Kiss Me, Kate in NYC Plus a Meet & Greet with John Pankow
Your bid supported: The New Group
Donated by: John Pankow
See one of Broadway's most sparkling musical comedy masterpieces with two House Seats to Kiss Me, Kate at Roundabout Theatre in New York City. Stick around after the show to meet star of stage and screen John Pankow with an exclusive Meet and Greet!
About the Show:
This is the winner of the first-ever Tony Award for Best Musical, alive with onstage romance, backstage passion, comedy high and low, a dash of Shakespeare’s The Taming of the Shrew, and a stylish, sexy, sophisticated songbook that includes “Too Darn Hot,” “So In Love” and “Always True To You In My Fashion.” Once again, Roundabout catapults you to musical comedy heaven, with a brand-new Kiss Me, Kate.
Experience will occur within the following date range(s):
Apr 02, 2019 to Jun 02, 2019
Recommended for ages 12+.
Duration of show: Approx. 2 hours 30 minutes with one 15-minute intermission.
Duration of meet & greet: Approx. 15 minutes.
This is a private meet and greet.
The winner may take a photo.
The winner can take something small to be signed.
Meet & greet will be coordinated for a mutually convenient time with John Pankow's schedule.
The New Group
Cannot be transferred.
Based upon availability at the donor's discretion.
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Pueblo West does not want to flip out
Mike Spence Lifestyle editor/reporter
In a finish with a flourish, the South-Central League basketball season concludes tonight with marquee games in both the boys and girls competition. The Pueblo West boys travel to South for a 7 p.m. game at the Colts gym that will determine the league champion. The girls game doesn't have as much riding on it, but it should be a dramatic, as well. Pueblo West (18-4, 9-0) already has locked up the league title. But the matchup with South (17-5, 7-2) pits the league's top two teams, Game time is 7 p.m. at Pueblo West's Jerry Kersey Gym. The Pueblo West boys (18-4 overall and 8-1 in league) have the advantage over South, but the margin for error is small. A Pueblo West win would lock up the league title. But a South victory could open up a host of options that could lead any one of three teams -- Pueblo West, South and Central -- winning the league title. Based on clarified S-CL tiebreaking procedures, if South beats Pueblo West by 16 or more points, it wins the title outright. If South wins by 14 or less, Pueblo West is the champion. If South beats Pueblo West by exactly 15 points, the title race becomes a three-way tie between Pueblo West, South and Central, and the winner will be determined by coin flip. Pueblo West's players won't be content to play the numbers game against South, coach Bob Tyler said. "The fact that they're South is motivation enough," Tyler said. "We've always had a rivalry. These kids have know each other for so long." Tyler said he asked his kids if they wanted to hold the ball, maybe lose by three or four points, and win the league title. "They looked at me like I was crazy," Tyler said. "They want to win the game. They don't care about the point differential." The last time the Pueblo West and South boys teams met at Pueblo West, the Cyclones walked off with a 70-49 victory. Despite the lopsided score, the game proved to be a turning point for South. Since that loss on Feb. 3, the Colts have run off five consecutive wins by an average margin of victory of 32 points. "At that point in the season, we were just trying to find our way," South coach D.J. Johnson said. Maleek Johnson (10.8 points per game) has stepped up and developed into the floor leader many expected him to be this season. "He's getting us into our sets, getting people into the right places," Johnson said. "That's gone a long way into what we want to do offensively." Trey Parker (12.8), Jared Baros (14.5), Isiah Pannunzio (10.9) and Bryson Smith (10.3) have upped their games in recent weeks. Pueblo West heads to South on the heels of a dramatic 57-53 win over Central on Tuesday, a win that set up tonight's dramatic finish. The Cyclones rely on intense defense, and an unselfish offense that features scorers slashing to the basket as well as an array of three-point shooters. The combination makes Pueblo West a difficult opponent to play. David Simental (18.6 points per game) leads the Cyclones. He receives ample support from Kenneth Tack (12.8), Billy Daugherty (9.6), Brandon Shirley (9.0) and David Arrieta (7.8). The magnitude of the situation isn't lost on them. "We want to win the league title," Tyler said. "More important, we want to put in an impressive performance. We want a No. 1 seed." mspence@chieftain.com
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CMH Advisory Board
Since his explosion onto the Hollywood scene in 1998 with an Oscar for co-writing Good Will Hunting, Ben has continued to make waves both on and off screen, receiving Golden Globe, Primetime Emmy, BAFTA, and AFI awards and nominations. In 2013, his film Argo was nominated for seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, for which it won the award.
In addition to his successful career as an actor, writer and director, Ben is also a passionate philanthropist and advocate. A longtime political activist and strong supporter of many charitable organizations including ONEXONE, A-T Children’s Project, Feeding America, the Jimmy Fund, and the ONE Campaign. In the last several years, he has made many trips to the African continent with the goal of gaining a deeper understanding of the complexity of issues facing Africa today. These trips have taken him to Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Tanzania, Sudan and Zanzibar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo.
During a 2008 trip to the DRC, Ben directed the short film and public service announcement, “Gimme Shelter,” which focuses on the humanitarian crisis in the country. In March 2010, Ben launched the Eastern Congo Initiative, a grassroots program to assist Congolese people in war-ravaged communities in creating a sustainable and successful society in the region. ECI is the first and only U.S. based advocacy and grant-making initiative wholly focused on working with and for the people of Eastern Congo. Ben has testified before Congress to advocate for U.S. and international engagement in Congo, most recently before the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on State, Foreign Operations, and Related Projects in March 2015.
LISA AMSTER
Lisa Amster, Director, joined Barclays in 2011 from Goldman Sachs, where she spent almost a decade. Lisa focuses on customizing hedging and trading strategies for high net worth individuals, family offices and foundations. She was a Private Wealth Advisor in the Markets Coverage Group at Goldman Sachs for the past eight years, and before that, was in Goldman Sachs’ Equity Research department covering small cap stocks. She is currently Executive Director-Private Wealth Advisor at Morgan Stanley.
Lisa interned at The White House under the Clinton Administration and holds a B.S. from the University of California, Berkeley.
She resides in Marina Del Rey, CA, with her husband, Sam.
DERRICK N. ASHONG (DNA)
An experienced musician, broadcaster and digital media influencer, DNA has carved out a unique niche as an expert in bridging the gap between old and new media. He has been invited to speak & perform at prestigious institutions including Harvard Business School, Wharton, MIT & Stanford, and has hosted and moderated events for influencers and heads of state including Nobel Laureates Archbishop Desmond Tutu and former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, as well as Gilberto Gil, Ted Turner, Tommy Hilfiger, Bob Geldof, Queen Rania of Jordan, and former President Bill Clinton. His interviews have ranged from celebrities like John Legend, Jimmi Cliff and supermodel Alek Wek, to environmentalist Jane Goodall, senior advisor to President Obama David Axelrod, Governor Jeb Bush and former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan.
Most recently DNA joined the team at Fusion, the new multiplatform ABC-Univision cable network, targeting English-speaking Latinos and the broader Millennial generation. Launching in the Fall of 2013, he will be anchoring a show covering entertainment, technology, politics and the big headlines of the day. Prior to Fusion, his career in media and entertainment included appearances on networks like CNN, BET, MTV Africa, NPR and BBC Worldservice, as well as print media including the NY Times, Boston Globe and Fast Company. He made his Hollywood debut as a supporting actor in Steven Spielberg's Amistad and has worked with multi-platinum record producers.
DNA was host of The Derrick Ashong Experience on SIRIUS XM's Oprah Radio and helmed the inaugural year of Al Jazeera English's cutting-edge, social media TV show The Stream, which was nominated for an Emmy. He is leader of the critically-acclaimed Afropolitan band Soulfège, which has charted on both sides of the Atlantic and won the 2008 Billboard Songwriting Contest for Best Hip Hop Song. He has lectured on five continents on the use of media and technology as tools for human development, including talks for the UN Foundation, London School of Economics, King’s College (Cambridge), the Reconciliation Forum in Washington, D.C., the UN Alliance of Civilizations and before UK Parliament. He has had fellowships with the Paul & Daisy Soros Foundation, TED and the Americas Business Council (*abc Foundation) and is a member of the African Leadership Network. Born in Accra, Ghana, the Harvard-educated talent was raised in Brooklyn, Saudi Arabia, Qatar and New Jersey.
DR. LISA CASSILETH
Dr. Cassileth is one of the few female plastic surgeons currently practicing in Beverly Hills, California. She brings her patients impeccable surgical techniques, an artist's aesthetic vision, and an essential feminine perspective.
Dr. Cassileth offers a wide range of plastic surgery procedures to enhance and refine the face, breasts and body. She performs leading-edge techniques that achieve exceptional aesthetic results, including SlimLipo and breast implant revision surgery. She also pioneered the Cassileth One-Stage Implant Reconstruction technique, which eliminates the need for multiple surgeries in breast cancer patients undergoing mastectomy.
Dr. Cassileth is board-certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery, and completed her training at the University of Pennsylvania's exceptional plastic surgery program. Dr. Cassileth works as an assistant clinical professor at UCLA Medical Center and an attending physician at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, where she trains and mentors surgical residents. She lives in Los Angeles with her husband and their three children.
SAMANTHA COKER
As a writer, humanitarian and project manager, Samantha Coker has spent most of her life cultivating a career that exists at the intersection of art and social change. One of Samantha's many strengths is her ability to balance the creative and pragmatic.
After receiving a Bachelor of Arts from Smith College, she began a career in the music industry. Always working with bands that had a level of social consciousness, she wove her way through the industry, touching almost every corner of it.
In 1999, Samantha was recruited by the Seattle-based, Frank Geary/Paul Allen music museum, The Experience Music Project. She spent three years managing their revenue, cash management, financial database and reporting system until she left for The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS). There she helped build new database systems and produce their annual Auction/Awards show fundraiser. This led her to Seattle University, which pioneered one of the first Master's Programs specifically for Non-Profit executives, where she received her Master of Not-for-Profit Leadership with a focus on corporate social responsibility.
Samantha moved to Los Angeles in 2004 where she spent time helping produce commercials and films, and over the years offered her non-profit expertise to such charities as her alma mater, Oldfields School for Girls; Salvando Corzones; and Children Mending Hearts, where she was on the founding board and traveled to DR Congo as part of CMH's art exchange between students at L.A.'s Inner City Arts and displaced children in Congo; and most recently Global Green, where she is Chair of the Advisory Board.
Her deep curiosity led her to the Burning Man festival where, for the past five years, she has project managed Red Lightning, the foremost spiritual theme camp at Burning Man. Red Lightning focuses on bringing deep spiritual growth, healing and education.
Presently, Samantha is writing a book on the spiritual journey of healing grief, loss and betrayal, and the process of soul evolution. She also spends her time traveling extensively, riding horses and offering counsel to those looking to heal or expand their spiritual and emotional lives.
DR. BRENDA R. COMBS
Dr. Brenda Combs is a symbol of inspiration and perseverance to all who meet her. Only fifteen years ago, she was a homeless crack addict, a petty criminal, a gaunt and hopeless wreck who had been shot, beaten and raped during the endless years when she lived under a bridge in the worst part of Phoenix. It took hitting rock bottom for Combs to find the strength to turn her life around, on a blistering summer day.
As a woman, who at one time could not help herself, Combs now spreads a message of hope wherever she goes. Her journey, which has been called “From Homeless to Hero” by local and national media, has received tremendous coverage, including acknowledgement by “theGrio 100” as one of the most influential African-Americans, an article in Reader’s Digest and interviews on The Today Show and on CNN. She has also appeared on radio talk shows across the country, and accepted invitations to sing and share her message on stages across the globe, including the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, D.C.
Combs continued to pursue her education at Grand Canyon University (GCU), where she earned a master’s degree in Special Education in 2007. And in May 2011, Brenda earned a doctorate degree in Organizational Leadership with an emphasis in Education after receiving a full scholarship grant presented to her by GCU. Professor Combs is now a full-time member of GCU’s faculty.
Dr. Combs is the founder of Finding My Shoes, a charitable organization that serves the homeless and underserved communities. Additionally, she and her husband run Making Things Better Sober Living, a transitional program for women who have been incarcerated. Her success rate for this program is an astounding 99%. She also serves as an advocate for Domestic Violence Awareness and, in 2009, Combs was named a National Ambassador for the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association's "Power to End Stroke" campaign.
DAVID EDINGTON
David H. Edington is the Founder, President, and Managing Director at Rimrock Capital Management, LLC. (previously known as Rimrock Enterprises, Inc.). Mr. Edington founded Rimrock Capital Management, LLC. in 1999.
Prior to this, he was a Portfolio Manager at Pacific Investment Management Co LLC. Mr. Edington has been Independent Trustee of Metropolitan West Funds - Metropolitan West Low Duration Bond Fund, and Rimrock Capital Management, LLC. He has served as Trustee of Metropolitan West Total Return Bond Fund and Metropolitan West High Yield Bond Fund since 2001. He served as Trustee of Alphatrak 500 Fund since 2001.
SARA ELL
Sara grew up in Australia and worked as a fashion editor for Studio Magazine. She moved to London and continued working in the fashion industry for GQ and Tatler magazines and freelancing on catalogues and various publications for three years.
She studied broadcast journalism at UCLA when she moved to Los Angeles and continued working in fashion and television entertainment for a London-based show broadcast in Europe called The Hollywood Report.
Other work has included production and styling for Fox FX and Turner Broadcasting, producing all the on- air promos for their movies and content. In her spare time, Sara does volunteer work with the pet therapy program at Cedars-Sinai and in the pediatric ward.
CARLOTA ESPINOSA
Carlota has held various leadership positions in Fashion and Media industries.
She is currently the CEO and Co-Founder of Styloot. She was also the co-founder of Hautelook (December 2007) and was its Vice President until it was sold to Nordstrom in 2011.
Before Hautelook, she was with Fox Television producing news, entertainment and fashion shows, including the daily fashion segment, Style File.
Carlota is a 3-time Emmy award winner.
JEFF FLEEHER
Jeff Fleeher is a long-time financial executive of NBC Universal. He is currently serving as Worldwide Chief Financial Officer for Universal Pictures Home Entertainment, responsible for financial and operational strategy to support content sales and marketing efforts across UPHE’s 11 operating companies around the world.
Previously, Jeff held the role of Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer & Strategy, Content Distribution where he managed financial matters, strategy and business operations for the distribution of NBCU’s cable networks, network-owned NBC and Telemundo stations, regional sports networks and Olympic Games across the cable, satellite and telecommunications industry. In addition, he oversaw financial matters for the Digital Distribution Team, focused on the roll-out of TV Everywhere and other Digital TV platforms.
Before joining NBCU, Jeff worked at GE Corporate and GE Energy, completing financial and operational assignments in the U.S., Europe and Latin America.
Prior his time with GE, Jeff was a Commissioned Officer in the United States Army, where he served 7 years active duty service as an AH-64 (Apache) helicopter pilot, completing both command and staff assignments in the U.S., Germany and Bosnia.
Jeff is a graduate of the Boston University School of Management and holds an MBA from the University of Southern California’s Marshall School of Business.
KYM GOLD
Raised in Malibu, California, Kym Gold was influenced by the endless golden sunsets and the natural beauty of her surroundings. Throughout the last 25 years, Kym’s unwavering drive and captivating style has helped to achieve multiple successes in the fashion industry.
Kym Gold incepted notable clothing labels including, True Religion Brand Jeans, Bella Dahl, Hippie Jeans, and recently Babakul. Her fashions over the years have been worn by a diverse range of individuals such as David Beckham, Tom Ford, Angelina Jolie, Donna Karan, Heidi Klum, Jennifer Lopez, Madonna, Gwyneth Paltrow, Gwen Stefani, Holly Robinson Peete, and Justin Timberlake. Her designs have been featured in top fashion magazines, including Vogue, Elle, Harper’s Bazaar, In Style, and Rolling Stone.
Currently, Kym has combined her 25 years of experience as a principal owner and designer of many prosperous ventures, along with her entrepreneurship to embark on new path of domestic and International consultation for new up- start fashion companies, and brand and marketing consultation for existing companies.
For many years, Kym has wanted to share her vast experience and insight in the Fashion Industry and finally in 2014, together with her co – author Sharon Soboil, they have written a telling memoir titled, “Gold Standard” Kym feels strongly about empowering a younger generation of women, and that sharing her tumultuous journey in the fashion industry, especially as a leading business woman in a man’s game; along with her personal life struggles of relationship mistakes, business failures and successes, will give some valued insight to the upcoming Fashionista’s. Maybe just the extra needed strength and useful tools to help even one woman, whether in fashion or not, onto becoming a stronger and better version of themselves.
DAVID HELLIER
Mr. Hellier has twenty years experience launching new consumer businesses, products and brands, and elevating them to positions of worldwide recognition and trust.
Mr. Hellier is a Partner at Bertram Capital, where he oversees Business Development. Bertram Capital is a San Mateo, CA based private equity firm with $850M in capital under management
Prior to joining Bertram Capital, Hellier was President, CEO and Board Member of The Gemesis Corporation, a technology company that developed the world’s first man-made diamonds for the gem and jewelry industry. The technology received extensive press coverage, including 60 Minutes II, The Discovery Channel, ABC World News Tonight, Today Show, Time Magazine and Wired Magazine.
Hellier was the founder and Executive Vice President of GlobalStreams, Inc., a leading provider of Internet-delivered video solutions. Prior to GlobalStreams, Hellier served as Vice President of Marketing for AskJeeves, a leading provider of search technologies and services on the Internet. Mr. Hellier’s strategic brand building grew the site into the 12th most visited destination and created one of the most recognizable brands on the Internet.
Prior to AskJeeves, Mr. Hellier served at Iomega, where he helped to launch one of the most successful computer products in the world — the Zip Drive. In his five years with Iomega, Mr. Hellier’s accomplishments included building Iomega’s Asia-Pacific Division and serving as Vice President of North America Sales and Marketing.
Mr. Hellier’s career began at Energizer Power Systems (formerly Gates Energy Products), a rechargeable battery company. Mr. Hellier graduated from the University of Florida, where he earned a both a Bachelor of Science and a Master of Arts in Economics.
CHARMAINE JEFFERSON
Charmaine Jefferson is a native Angelino with a varied arts and entertainment career that first included 8 years as a professional concert dancer before she turned to law and arts administration. As a grant maker she served 6 years as senior dance program specialist and site visit coordinator for the National Endowment for the Arts. In the corporate world she worked as a civil litigator for the law firm of Holland and Knight; as a corporate director for Just Toys, Inc.; as vice president of business affairs for de Passe Entertainment; and, as director of show development for Disney Entertainment Productions. However, Charmaine’s strongest passions have always been for the arts, culture and public service. She served 6 years as deputy and acting commissioner of New York City’s Department of Cultural Affairs where she helped manage the agency through significant city budget cuts, an expanded capital construction program, a public relations initiative, and the installation of arts education programs for children living in temporary housing. She served 6 years as executive director of Dance Theatre of Harlem helming that institution’s $7.8m capital expansion, company national and international tours, school operations, fundraising, marketing and board relations.
Charmaine recently completed 11 years of dual service as the executive director of the state-agency California African American Museum (CAAM) in Los Angeles and vice president of its nonprofit partner Friends, the Foundation of the California African American Museum. Her tenure developed relationships for CAAM with numerous community based organizations to create shared programming opportunities, nationally shared exhibits, and completed plans for a $60M CAAM capital expansion through schematics. Despite significant state budget cuts caused by the recession, exhibit presentations rose from 6 to 13 annually. She conceived several exhibitions including The African Diaspora in the Work of Miguel Covarrubias, and the Getty’s “Pacific Standard Time” sponsored exhibition of more than 90 Los Angeles artists in Places of Validation, Art & Progression. She fostered exhibit collaborations with other museums including An Idea Called Tomorrow with the Skirball Cultural Center; Things That Cannot Be Seen Any Other Way: The Art Of Manuel Mendive in association with the City of Los Angeles and The Frost Museum; and A Memoir in Movement: Carmen de Lavallade and Geoffrey Holder with the DuSable Museum. During her tenure, CAAM’s annual attendance increased 68% to 100,000 and free public workshops and programs rose from 35 to 80 including the branding of the highly popular monthly “Target Sundays at CAAM” live performances. Charmaine is particularly proud of having implemented a strategic vision for “Mentoring Generations” that enhanced CAAM’s ability to give back to the community. She increased its “Buses & Docents” school field trip support, and expanded the “Young Docents” high school employment training from summer only to a year round program with student access through their first two years of college. In 2013, the Friends Foundation linked Young Docents to the City of Los Angeles’ youth employment program creating greater access for youth living in and transitioning out of foster care, encouraging the pursuit of a college education, and providing opportunities for access to paid employment and customer service experiences.
Charmaine remains a staunch community advocate and arts expert, serving nonprofits through Kélan Resources, her cause driven consulting firm dedicated to integrating art, history, culture, business and diversity into the DNA of education, community, philanthropy, and public and private collaborations. A partial list of recent clients include the Tom & Ethel Bradley Foundation, Lula Washington Contemporary Dance Theatre, Rain Art Productions, Pasadena Playhouse and Opera Noir. Charmaine is equally active as a volunteer having served on innumerable boards and commissions throughout her career. She recently completed 8 years of gubernatorial appointments on the California Arts Council. She continues to serve on the Board of Directors of Arts for LA, as a college trustee and academic committee chair for the California Institute of the Arts, as a mayoral appointee and vice chair of the City of Los Angeles’ Cultural Affairs Commission, on the African American Advisory Council for PBS SoCal, and on the Advisory Committee for the Los Angeles County Cultural Affairs Commission’s “Cultural Equity and Inclusion Initiative.”
PAIGE LAURIE
Paige Laurie is the owner of Malibu’s Trancas Country Market and Vintage Grocers, a uniquely curated grocery store experience in the Los Angeles area.
Laurie’s concept for Vintage Grocers – rooted in her conviction that a market should embrace all customers’ food beliefs – was first realized in 2014 with the opening of Vintage Grocers in Malibu, and followed by the 2016 launch of a second location in Westlake Village. The third Vintage Grocers store will open in Pacific Palisades in 2018.
In line with her entrepreneurial nature, Laurie has developed a hotel, commercial mixed-use centers, and restaurants in Florida, Illinois and Missouri. She also owns and manages commercial and rental properties throughout Southern California. One of those holdings, Trancas Country Market, is Malibu’s premier shopping destination, and home to the debut location of Vintage Grocers. Sensitive to the unique spirit of Malibu, Laurie has built on the success of Vintage Grocers by partnering with a cohesive mix of retailers for Trancas, including artisanal brands native to the area, as well boutiques and designer stores. Laurie is further enhancing the grounds with other attractions such as a local garden nursery, an open-air commons, and revamped restaurant offerings.
Laurie’s knack for retail and property development is heavily influenced by her childhood, as she was immersed in her parents’ businesses from an early age. The knowledge she gained provided her with an innate understanding of the consumer landscape as it applies to demographics and lifestyles today. She is committed to improving the communities in which her markets are located.
Laurie also has a passion for the arts, fashion, design, and travel. She grew up in Columbia, Missouri and has lived in Los Angeles for over 16 years.
SUZANNE LERNER
Suzanne Lerner, co-founder, CEO, and president of lifestyle and clothing brand Michael Stars, is an activist entrepreneur and philanthropist. Her primary focus is on creating economic empowerment for women and girls and supporting organizations that promote gender and racial equality – giving back to communities both domestically and internationally through personal grants, impact investments, and the Michael Stars Foundation.
She co-founded Michael Stars in Los Angeles with her husband Michael Cohen, focused on one goal: to create the perfect tee. Under Suzanne’s leadership, Michael Stars has evolved into an inimitable collection of high quality, beautifully designed and constructed wardrobe essentials.
Born and raised in Chicago, Suzanne’s commitment to social and racial equality began at a young age, becoming part of the city’s dynamic movements for gender and racial equality. She and her husband co-founded and built Michael Stars with opportunity, equality, and diversity as core values.
Today Suzanne inspires new generations of social impact entrepreneurs and is a frequent contributor and speaker on investing, founding, and running socially conscious businesses. She serves as a director on several non-profit boards including the ACLU of Southern California, the ERA Coalition, and the Ms. Foundation. She has been honored as a “Woman of Vision” by the Ms. Foundation and was recognized as one of “21 Leaders for the 21st Century” by Women’s eNews in 2018. She is an active member of both Women Moving Millions and Women’s Donor Network.
Suzanne also serves as an advisory board member of Prosperity Catalyst, Children Mending Hearts, and A Call to Men.
She resides in Los Angeles, CA with her #feministpup @ms_simba.
ANTONIO MANNING
Antonio Manning is Vice President and Senior Relationship Manager for JPMorgan Chase Global Philanthropy. In this position, Antonio manages philanthropic and corporate responsibility for Greater Los Angeles. Previously, Antonio served as First Vice President and Regional Grants Manager in Washington Mutual’s Community and External Affairs Division. In this capacity, he managed community relations and company corporate contributions in affordable housing, community development and K-12 education for California.
Manning joined Washington Mutual in 2000. Prior to this, he served as the Western Regional Director of the Fannie Mae Foundation for an 11-state region and spent four years on the program staff of the James Irvine Foundation.
Manning is an active member of the community. He is a founding member of Southern California Blacks in Philanthropy, a membership organization comprised of corporate and philanthropic executives. His other board affiliations include Affordable Living for the Aging, California Asian Pacific Chamber of Commerce, Coalition for Responsible Community Development, Heritage Homeownership Partners, Los Angeles Business Council and Institute and the Los Angeles Conservation Corps. Additionally, Antonio serves on the Advisory Board for the USC Center on Philanthropy and Public Policy, LISC – Los Angeles, and Enterprise Community Partners and the Business Take Force on Homelessness. Antonio recently served as a mayoral appointment to the Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority.
Antonio is a Los Angeles native and attended the University of Southern California.
Erin Martin is an entrepreneurial storyteller with 30 years of diverse management, consulting and creative work experience in both the for-profit and non-profit worlds. Erin left investment banking in Chicago to relocate to Los Angeles to produce feature films and television. Creating content that inspires and helps connect people and encourages positive, meaningful social action is Erin’s first love. She led development for Dolly Parton’s former production company, Sandollar, after which she founded Lunaria Films as an independent film and television producer, and a consultant for digital platform creative content. Erin has been a producer on five feature films and 12 short films, and an executive on another eight features.
Erin is involved with charitable non-profits primarily aimed at utilizing the arts as a tool for self-expression and for giving a voice to trauma as an outlet to heal. Her area of interest has been children at-risk in the U.S. and children in regions suffering from conflict or catastrophe.
Erin has been involved with Children Mending Hearts from its inception. Her focus is on marketing and developing relationships for the organization’s programs, designed to meet the needs of children in at-risk environments. Erin’s ability to digest concepts and situations and render them into clear narratives, aids in getting needed messaging out about the organization.
A native of Chicago, Erin holds a bachelor’s degree in English Literature from Clarke University, with minors in Business and Journalism; and pursued graduate studies at the University of Chicago and Northwestern University. Erin is active in a number of other charities including as Secretary, Board of Directors for Playing to Live!. Previous Board Memberships in Chicago include The School of the Art Institute and Friends of Prentice at Northwestern Memorial Hospital. She currently resides in Santa Monica, CA.
RYAN NORD
Ryan received his J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center in 2001 and a Bachelor of Arts from The University of California at Berkeley in 1998. He began his legal career practicing corporate transactional law in San Francisco where he was primarily involved with private and public company securities offerings and mergers and acquisitions.
Prior to joining the firm of Hirsch Wallerstein Hayum Matlof + Fishman in 2006, Ryan negotiated a wide array of television and new media transact ions as counsel in the Legal Affairs Department for NBC Universal.
Ryan's current practice includes the representation of actors, directors, writers and producers in film, television and new media.
Charlotte Reznick PhD
Charlotte Reznick PhD is a foremost authority on how to engage with and develop mindfulness, mediation, and imagination for children and teens. She is author of the Los Angeles Times bestselling book, The Power of Your Child’s Imagination: How to Transform Stress and Anxiety into Joy and Success and contributing author of the chapter “Imagery as a Therapeutic Tool with Children" to Transformative Imagery: Cultivating Imagination for Healing, Change, and Growth. Dr. Reznick is a child educational psychologist, a former UCLA Associate Clinical Professor of Psychology, and was named Imagery International’s Person of the Year in 2012 for the global impact of her work. Dr. Reznick has a 35-year meditation practice, and is the creator of Imagery For Kids: Breakthrough for Learning, Creativity, and Empowerment, a mindful, positive coping skills program. In addition to her private practice in Los Angeles, California, she creates therapeutic meditation CDs for children, teens, and parents, blogs for Psychology Today and Huffington Post, is a frequent media consultant, and teaches workshops internationally on the healing power of child and adolescent imagination. You can find out more about her, including watching her TEDx talk, at www.ImageryForKids.com.
SUZANNE TODD
Suzanne Todd is an award-winning producer whose movies have grossed over two billion dollars worldwide. Suzanne’s next film is Alice Through the Looking Glass, which will be released on May 27, 2016 by The Walt Disney Company. It is the sequel to the Oscar winning Alice in Wonderland that was helmed by Tim Burton and starred Johnny Depp, Mia Wasikowska, Helena Bonham Carter, and Anne Hathaway. James Bobin directed the sequel with all the cast returning along with new addition, Sacha Baron Cohen.
This year Suzanne also produced the STX comedy, Bad Moms, which will be released in August 2016. Written and directed by Jon Lucas & Scott Moore, the film stars Mila Kunis, Kristen Bell, Christina Applegate, Kathryn Hahn, Jada Pinkett Smith and Annie Mumolo. Next up for Suzanne is a new If These Walls Could Talk with Lena Dunham and HBO.
Suzanne’s other producing credits include Across The Universe, Memento, Celeste and Jesse Forever, Must Love Dogs, Prime, Boiler Room and the Austin Powers Trilogy. She also executive produced HBO’s Emmy nominated If These Walls Could Talk and If These Walls Could Talk 2.
Additionally, during the past five years, Suzanne has branched out into interactive entertainment, working as a creative and business consultant for Activision/Blizzard on their game development. She consulted on the multi-billion dollar Call of Duty franchise, including Black Ops, Black Ops 2, Modern Warfare 3, Ghosts, and Advanced Warfare. Similarly, Suzanne consulted on Skylanders: Spyro’s Adventure and Skylanders: Giants, which together have grossed over $2 billion in game sales with more than 175 million toys sold.
Suzanne’s films have been honored by the Academy Awards, Golden Globes and Emmys. She has been presented with numerous awards including Women In Film’s celebrated Lucy Award, the Spirit Award for Best Picture, Cosmo’s Fun Fearless Female Award, the Glaad Media Award, three Saturn Awards, several MTV Movie Awards, and a People’s Choice Award. Suzanne regularly devotes her time and resources to several charitable causes including Tia’s Hope and St. Joseph Center. She also mentors aspiring filmmakers through the USC Stark Mentorship Program and the Producers Guild of America. Suzanne is a member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Academy of Television Arts & Sciences, Directors Guild of America and Producers Guild of America.
Suzanne lives in Los Angeles with her three children, a rescue puggle and two chinchillas. She is an avid player of video games, poker and tennis.
DAWN WILCOX
Dawn Wilcox is vice president of Corporate Partnerships at Children’s Hospital Los Angeles. In this role, she oversees Corporate Partnerships, Children’s Miracle Network Hospitals, Hollywood Cares for Kids and The League (uniting sports team and athletes in support of CHLA). She provides oversight of 15 team members who manage the day-to-day activities of more than 100 corporate, Hollywood and sports partnerships, including the creation and management of consumer engagement, cause marketing, corporate philanthropy and employee volunteer programs.
Dawn is an award-winning public relations and marketing professional with more than 20 years of cause marketing, client and corporate relations, social impact and leadership experience. She comes to CHLA after eight and a half years at Allison+Partners, a global public relations agency where she ran the Los Angeles office. She then served as managing director of the Social Impact Practice, which provided her teams and clients expertise as a thought leader on issues of corporate philanthropy, cause marketing, community relations, issue campaigns and nonprofit PR and branding. She has been working with corporations and not-for-profit organizations since 1995, creating and managing social impact programs for issues such as child abuse prevention, teen pregnancy, literacy, school reform, disability rights, reproductive health, traffic safety and family violence prevention. Dawn previously served as a senior vice president at Ogilvy Public Relations and principal of her own firm, Penguin PR.
Dawn and her team created and trademarked “Corporate Socialanthropy” to encapsulate the tenets of the Social Impact practice. The result of that has been a more effective approach to working with corporations and their nonprofit partners to create and manage campaigns that build brand reputation while also having a positive impact on employees, consumers and the communities in which they do business. Dawn is also the co-founder of an annual one-day event called, “Quality Time with PR Minds,” now in its 11th year of providing nonprofits with free public relations advice. She currently serves on the advisory board of Children Mending Hearts, the Certified Corporate Partnership Professional Review Board and was a board member of the Public Relations Society of America Los Angeles for eight years.
Dawn is accredited in public relations (APR) and received her bachelor's degree in journalism and English from California State University, Chico.
818-783-4428 info@childrenmendinghearts.org
Our Founder Board of Directors Advisory Board Contact Us
Anti-Bullying Workshops Educational Arts Program Service-Learning Projects Parent-Teacher Training
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Anthocyanins are bioavailable in humans following an acute dose of cranberry juice
Milbury PE, Vita JA, Blumberg JB
J Nutr 140(6):1099-1104
Research suggests that anthocyanins from berry fruit may affect a variety of physiological responses, including endothelial function, but little information is available regarding the pharmacokinetics of these flavonoids in humans. To determine the pharmacokinetics of cranberry anthocyanins, a study was undertaken in 15 participants (age: 62 +/- 8 y) with coronary artery disease. Blood and urine samples were collected between baseline (0 h) and 4 h after consumption of 480 mL cranberry juice (54% juice; 835 mg total polyphenols; 94.47 mg anthocyanins). Marked inter-individual differences in plasma anthocyanin pharmacokinetics were observed with maximum anthocyanin concentrations detected between 1 and 3 h. Cranberry anthocyanins were bioavailable but with notable differences in the maximum concentration and area under the curve(0-4h) between individual participants. The pattern of anthocyanin glucosides observed in plasma and urine generally reflected the relative concentration determined in the juice. Plasma concentrations of the individual anthocyanins ranged between 0.56 and 4.64 nmol/L. Total recovery of urinary anthocyanin was 0.79 +/- 0.90% of the dose delivered. These data are in agreement with the pharmacokinetics of anthocyanins from other foods suggesting that cranberry anthocyanins are poorly absorbed and rapidly removed from plasma. Observed concentrations of plasma anthocyanins appear insufficient to alter radical load or redox potential but may be adequate to affect signal transduction and/or gene expression.
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Team CCC
Young Leadership Board
The Colon Cancer Foundation is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization registered in New York State and listed by the Federal IRS as a public charity dedicated to reducing colorectal cancer incidence and death. Our mission includes: supporting research into the causes and cures for colorectal cancer; increasing public awareness; educating the public about the importance of early detection; and forming strategic partnerships in the fight against colorectal cancer.
In 2004 Dr. Thomas K. Weber founded the nation’s first public colon cancer awareness event – the Colon Cancer Challenge. As a surgical oncologist working daily with colorectal cancer patients, he saw the need for increasing public awareness of the nation’s second deadliest form of cancer and the importance of expanding research focused on the causes and cures of colorectal cancer.
Since its first year the Colon Cancer Challenge has grown to attract thousands of participants and supporters from around the nation. The Colon Cancer Challenge offers survivors, family, and friends of those affected by colorectal cancer a unique opportunity to raise public awareness and contribute to the fight against this preventable, yet often fatal disease.
In 2008 the Colon Cancer Foundation was established with a formal mission of reducing colorectal cancer and related deaths through supporting research, increasing public awareness and education, and collaborating with strategic partners in the fight against colorectal cancer.
While we have made great progress in reducing incidence and death rates of those 50 or older over the last decade, the simple fact is colorectal cancer is still the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death in women and men. And incidence rates and death of those under 50 have increased at an alarming rate each year.
Thanks to our individual contributors and corporate sponsors, we are able to continue to work towards our vision of A World Without Colorectal Cancer™. Each of them is a valuable partner, whose generosity and support is vital to the fight. There is no way to adequately thank them for their contribution to our work.
• To raise awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC), the importance of early detection and the most effective screening methods available;
• To increase awareness of CRC risk factors and factors that may help prevent CRC, including knowing one’s family/genetic cancer history, exercise and nutrition;
• To reduce the disparity that exists in CRC incidence and mortality rates by providing funds to improve screening rates in underserved and uninsured communities;
• To award translational research grants to young investigators studying genetic and epigenetic changes that will ultimately lead to new breakthroughs in the prevention of, therapy for and elimination of CRC in our lifetime;
• To leverage the impact of our donors’ support by developing broad public/private partnerships with local, regional, national and global organizations invested in a mutual goal of colorectal cancer prevention and early detection.
Team Colon Cancer Challenge
Run, Walk, Bike, Hike for Research!
Choose from full or half marathons, walks, rides or even your own personal Challenge. No matter what distance you cover, each step you take is one step closer to a World Without Colorectal Cancer™.
More than an estimated 51,000 Americans died from colon cancer this past year. When you join Team Colon Cancer Challenge you join the fight against colorectal cancer and help us spread the word that colorectal cancer is preventable, treatable and beatable with early screening. Each member of Team Colon Cancer Challenge has pledged to Make Their Miles Count by raising funds to support the Colon Cancer Challenge Foundation’s mission of a World Without Colorectal Cancer.
The Colon Cancer Challenge Foundation launched Team Colon Cancer Challenge in 2010 to:
Encourage colorectal cancer survivors to incorporate exercise into their everyday lives as a way to significantly reduce the rate of recurrence,
Provide a grassroots opportunity for colorectal cancer survivors and their family members to raise awareness and funds for colorectal cancer in their community,
Offer those who have lost a loved one to colorectal cancer a positive and effective channel for their rallying cry against colorectal cancer.
Team Colon Cancer Challenge has raised more than $600,000 in support of efforts to raise awareness of colorectal cancer and the importance of early screening, prevention, and research.
REGISTER FOR TEAM COLON CANCER CHALLENGE
The Young Leadership Board (YLB) consists of young professionals, in the New York City area, who are looking to make a difference in the fight against colorectal cancer. While we advance our careers, we each want to support young adults affected by the disease. The YLB is an opportunity to expand both your network and experience, while helping to touch the lives of the many people in the colon and rectal cancer community.
YLB members enjoy exclusive benefits including but not limited to:
Social opportunities to network with savvy young philanthropists;
Invitations to exclusive events that feature prominent local public health, business and community leaders;
On-the-ground volunteer opportunities that promote long-term community change.
For more information on joining the YLB please contact Christina McClellan puglisi@coloncancerfoundation.org
Christina McClellan – Committee Chairperson
Christina McClellan joined the Colon Cancer Foundation in 2010 after her mother lost her battle with colon cancer at the age of 59. Christina has used her love for customer interaction to grow her career at American Express, where she works in Global Commercial Services. However, after her mother passed away from colon cancer in 2009, she bridged her professional background in finance with her passion for oncology care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, where she was the Chief of Staff for the Physician-in-Chief. Here she gained extensive experience in both clinical research and hospital administration, before returning to the financial industry.
Christina and her team, the RumpRunners, have participated annually in the Colon Cancer Challenge in Memory of her Mother. Recognizing the importance of early age awareness, she started the first ever Young Professionals Board for the CCCF. Through the use of social media and her personal and professional networks, Christina is continuously working on new and innovative ways to create events for younger generations to become involved in Colon Cancer awareness and prevention.
Christina graduated with a B.A in Psychology and Politics from the University of Maryland, College Park and received an M.B.A from New York University. She currently lives in Hoboken, NJ with her husband.
Cindy Chen
Cindy Chen currently works at Weill Cornell Medicine as an IT Manager. As a certified Project Management Professional (PMP) with over 15 years of experience, Cindy’s career started in medical publishing and has worked at Springer (a leading STM publisher) and Faculty of 1000 (an innovative open-access publisher). With a BA and MA in English, Cindy is an avid reader – from the canonical classics to pulp science fiction. She is involved with the Colon Cancer Foundation in honor of both her parents and her godmother, all of whom passed away from colon cancer.
Kerri Horgan
Kerri Horgan is a Pricing Manager with Digital Realty, the world’s largest full scale data center provider. Kerri’s involvement with the Colon Cancer Challenge Foundation began in 2015 after her father, Cornelius (Con) Horgan, passed away from the disease. She joined the YLB in 2018 and is committed to spreading awareness and education about colon cancer, especially to young adults. Kerri received a Bachelor of Arts in International Studies and Political Science from Fairfield University in 2010. She is a Long Island, NY native, and currently resides in the Bronx with her husband Mike.
Alan Murphy
Alan Murphy works as a Principal in KKR’s Credit & Markets business and a member of the Young Leadership Board of the Colon Cancer Foundation. He became involved with the Foundation following his diagnosis with Stage IV colorectal cancer in May-2017. Alan underwent a number of surgeries in early 2018 and continues to fight the disease. Originally from Dublin, Ireland, Alan resides in New York with his wife Ciara.
Lance Rosenthal
Lance Rosenthal works as the Head of Customer Success at RelPro and joined the Young Leadership Board of the Colon Cancer Foundation in December of 2018. He became involved with the Foundation to honor his mother’s 3 victories over Stage IV Colon Cancer. Originally from New Jersey, Lance & his wife, Jackie, now live in New York.
Lance received his B.S. in Sports Management and MBA in Finance & Accounting from York College of Pennsylvania.
Amy Young
Amy Young has been a member of the Young Leadership Board of the Colon Cancer Foundation since its inception in 2014. Amy became involved in CCF in support of her childhood best friend who was diagnosed with colon cancer at age 23 and helps to raise awareness of coloretall cancer among younger generations though the YLB. Amy is currently an Assistant General Counsel at the NYC Department of Investigation and was previously employed as an Assistant District Attorney at the Bronx District Attorney’s Office. Amy graduated with a B.A. in Criminal Justice from George Washington University received a J.D. from Fordham University School of Law.
Thomas K. Weber MD, FACS | President
Dr. Weber is Director of Surgical Oncology; Northwest Region at Northwell Health.
Dr. Weber is a recent member of the Board of Governors of the American College of Surgeons. He is an American Cancer Society Research Scholar and and NIH funded scientific investigator. He was the recipient of a 2014 Prevent Cancer Foundation Laurel Award for outstanding achievement in cancer prevention. He is Chair Emeritus of the National Colorectal Cancer Round Table, a recent past President of the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Colorectal Cancer (CGA-ICC) and a member of InSiGHT (International Society for the Study of Hereditary Gastrointestinal Tumors). Dr. Weber is a recent Co-Chair of and now Special Advisor to the NYC Health Department sponsored City Wide Colorectal Cancer Control Coatlition (“C5”).
Dr. Weber has published extensively on hereditary colorectal cancer and is a frequent invited speaker on that subject at national and international meetings. Her was recently appointed to the Scientific Advisory Board of the Human Variome Project, a global effort to study the contribution of genetic variation to human disease, including cancer.
Sanjay Bery
Sanjay has been a volunteer and fund raiser for the Colon Cancer Foundation since 2008. Since then Sanjay and his family team (BCCH – Bery Colon Cancer Helpers) have consistently been one of the top fund raisers for the New York City Colon Cancer Challenge. Sanjay and BCCH continue to raise funds and reach out to family and friends year round to promote public awareness and the importance of early detection.
Sanjay was diagnosed in 2008 and is a stage-4 colon cancer survivor. As a survivor he brings a unique perspective to the Colon Cancer Challenge Foundation board and is dedicated to sharing his story of perseverance, hope and survival.
Sanjay has over 30 years of experience in information technology focused on financial services. He lives with his wife and their 2 children in Basking Ridge, NJ.
Richard E. Schneyer, Esq. | Vice President/Secretary
For the past forty years, Richard E. Schneyer has focused his practice in two basic areas of the law. First, he represents individuals in tax matters, estate planning, wealth preservation, probate proceedings, administration of trusts and estates, accounting proceedings and resolution of family disputes. Second, he represents closely held business organizations and their owners.
His experience includes formulating estate plans for individuals that include wills, trusts, gifts, marital agreements, and family limited partnerships. He also advises individuals and corporate fiduciaries in estate and gift tax proceedings and, in particular, defending the valuation of closely held business interests and works of art. Richard has served as an executor and trustee for his clients, and is president of a private charitable foundation.
In representing closely held businesses, his experience includes the structuring and negotiation of business succession plans, buy-sell agreements, employment contracts, retirement arrangements, asset and stock purchase agreements, financing arrangements, and real estate matters.
Charles Kligman | Vice President/Treasurer
In 2009, Charlie’s wife Robin Maxwell was diagnosed with stage 4 colon cancer. Since that time, Team Robin the Brave has been among the leading fundraisers in the annual Colon Cancer Challenge. Robin passed away in December of 2013 after an inspirational and valiant battle. Charlie and his two children, Josh and Brandi, are now dedicated to assisting others in the fight against this horrible disease.
Charlie is recently retired after a 33 year career with Deloitte, LLP. He was a senior tax partner with significant regional and international management responsibilities.
Charlie is an attorney and CPA. He received a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting from the University of Connecticut in 1974, a JD from Rutgers School of Law, Newark, N.J. in 1979 and an LLM in Advanced Tax Law from NYU in 1985. He resides in Boca Raton, Florida.
Christina McClellan | Young Leadership Board Committee Chair
Amy E. Young, Esq.
CCCF is incorporated as a 501(c)3 not-for-profit. You may download PDF copies of our financial documentation below.
2015 Form 990 part 1 of 2
Early Age Onset CRC Summit 2018
The 14th Annual Colon Cancer Challenge – Manhattanville College
The 15th Annual Colon Cancer Challenge – NYC
The Colon Cancer Challenge 2018
The Global Colon Cancer Challenge
The Rollin’ Colon
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Fryer Awarded 2019 Inspirational Player of the Year
The Colorado Mammoth awarded Steve “Deep” Fryer as the 2019 Inspirational Player of the Year with the Jamie Hanford Award.
For a second season, Fryer served as a backup goalie to Dillon Ward, playing a total of 119:52 minutes in the 2018-19 regular season and making 78 saves on 91 shots.
The 29-year-old native of Brampton, Ontario got his second NLL start on March 23, 2019 at Pepsi Center against the Vancouver Warriors. It was the second game between the Mammoth and Warriors within 24 hours. Colorado had won the first game in Vancouver. Despite the grueling nature of back-to-back game travel, and though Vancouver came to The Loud House with a point to prove, Fryer held the Warriors to a season-low four goals, making 49 saves on 53 shots, in the Mammoth’s ten-point victory.
It was plain to see – and hear – that the 12,826 fans who attended that game were inspired by Fryer’s performance in net against the Warriors. The crowd was so revved up throughout the game that you could barely hear yourself think. But those 60 minutes weren’t why Fryer received an award. All the minutes when there wasn’t a crowd in sight and when the only noise in the team’s practice facility came from the team, coaches and trainers were what lifted Fryer to Jamie Hanford status. He was often the first player to take the turf or the last player to leave, standing in net to take shot after shot from a young Mammoth offense before and after practice. The journeyman workhorse would tell you he was just doing his job, and he was, but doing his job well for the sake of his teammates was the most inspirational thing he could have done all season.
“There's no better team guy than Deep,” said Mammoth play-by-play analyst Teddy Jenner. “He's everyone's best friend and critic; keeping the guys light and loose but, at the same time, pushing everyone to be better. Whenever he was called in to duty, he rose to the occasion and the players rallied off his fiery passion.”
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Thornton Tomasetti expands UK footprint by acquiring two consultancies
02 July 2018 Consultancy.uk
Global engineering consultancy Thornton Tomasetti has further grown its footprint of 44 offices worldwide with the acquisition of two British firms. MMI Engineering, currently owned by environmental consultancy Geosyntec, and security advisory MFD, have both agreed to join the New York-headquartered firm.
Founded in 1956 as Lev Zetlin & Associates, Thornton Tomasetti (TT) is perhaps best known for its work on the twin Petronas Towers in Kuala Lumpur, World Trade Center Transit Hub in New York, and Saudi Arabia’s Jeddah Tower – soon to be the world’s tallest building at 3,281 ft. The consulting firm employs over 1,300 professionals worldwide and enjoys an especially strong presence in the Middle East and Asia Pacific. In recent months, the firm has been pursuing an aggressive expansion strategy, culminating in the purchase of two consulting firms in the UK.
MFD is a security consultancy based in the military heartland of southeast England. It offers physical, operational and technical security advice to clients charged with protecting high-risk targets, such as Middle East embassies, tourist hotspots, and financial centers. The firm specialises in thwarting vehicle attacks by terrorists and its expertise will help supplement TT’s design offering to clients involved in constructing some of the world’s most prestigious buildings.
Control of MMI Engineering, meanwhile, has been wrested from Florida-based environmental consulting giant Geosyntec and the firm will henceforth be rebranded as MMI Thornton Tomasetti. MMI provides cross-industry technical consulting services and has a specialised niche in the nuclear and oil & gas sectors. Much of the firm’s success has been put down to its innovative attitude, which makes it something of an outlier in the construction business, and it has offices in Aberdeen, Ballymena, Bristol, Warrington and York in the UK, as well as a Perth office in Australia and another in Houston, Texas. All will be absorbed by Thornton Tomasetti upon completion of the deal.
With the acquisitions of MMI Engineering and MFD, the American firm has expanded its UK footprint, as well as gaining key expertise from the respective consulting firms. TT’s headcount in the UK has subsequently jumped to around 160 professional staff. The firm is well known in the country’s construction circles, having been involved with the new US embassy in London and the Number 1 court at the Wimbledon tennis grounds.
Phillip Thompson, European regional leader at Thornton Tomasetti, said of the deal, "MMI is a first-class business that brings with it a reputation for scientific rigor and engineering excellence. Its blue-chip customer base is testament to the work it undertakes in helping some of the world's leading companies and public bodies manage both man-made and natural hazards across a range of sectors."
Latest news | Mergers & Acquisitions
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Brexit driving demand for consultancy services - and M&A
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Port of Newcastle Announces New Cruise Terminal, Targets Homeporting
The Australian city of Newcastle has confirmed plans to construct a permanent cruise terminal.
The New South Wales Government has committed $12.7 million to the port operators, Port of Newcastle and the Port Authority of NSW, for a permanent multi-purpose cruise terminal facility at the Port of Newcastle, located 75 nautical miles north of Sydney, said a statement.
"A permanent terminal will strengthen Newcastle as an international cruise destination and position Newcastle with the capability to conduct turnarounds," said a prepared release.
It will be built at the Channel Berth within the Port’s Carrington Precinct, located less than 10 minutes’ drive to the city center and beaches. The terminal will be designed to meet current and future cruise industry requirements, including current berthing capacity for cruise ships up to 320 metres in length.
The funding will enable the construction of a cruise terminal, car park and improved wharf accessibility for ship provisioning.
“The cruise terminal will enable the Port to attract more cruise ships. Purpose-built facilities will provide a professional welcome to passengers and operational efficiency for our cruise customers,” said Geoff Crowe, Port of Newcastle CEO.
“The Channel Berth is the ideal location in terms of technical requirements, cost and residential amenity. It meets marine and landside requirements for cruise operations and it is able to accommodate current and future generation cruise ships.”
In addition to deep water berthing, the Channel Berth provides plenty of land to accommodate coaches and vehicles required to transport passengers to and from shore excursions.
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Infosys Chief Financial Officer M.D. Ranganath Resigns
Ranganath will continue in his current position as Chief Financial Officer till November 16, 2018.
Infosys announced that the Board of Directors at its meeting today accepted the resignation of M.D. Ranganath as the Chief Financial Officer and a key managerial personnel. Ranganath will continue in his current position as Chief Financial Officer till November 16, 2018. The Board will immediately commence the search for the next Chief Financial Officer.
In tendering his resignation, Ranganath stated that, “After a successful career spanning 18 years in Infosys including as CFO for the last 3 crucial years, I now plan to pursue professional opportunities in new areas.” Commenting further, Ranganath added, “I am grateful to Infosys for giving me the opportunity of serving as CFO of this global iconic company. I am proud that over the last 3 years, during a critical phase of the company, we delivered strong and consistent financial outcomes, maintained high standards of financial reporting, built a world class finance team, further strengthened the company’s competitive position and thereby enhanced value to the stakeholders. I thank the Board, management team, my colleagues in the finance team and all the stakeholders for their wholehearted support during my tenure. I wish the management team all the best as I pursue opportunities outside the company.”
Nandan M Nilekani, Chairman of the Board said, “Over the last 18 years Ranga has played a pivotal role in the growth and success of Infosys. During his long stint in the company, I have seen him in a wide spectrum of leadership roles and in each of them he has delivered results with distinction. With Ranga as CFO, the company has in the last 3 crucial years, delivered a strong and resilient financial performance on multiple fronts, implemented an efficient capital allocation policy and earned the respect of all stakeholders through enhanced value creation. On behalf of the Board, I thank Ranga for his excellent contribution to the company and wish him all the very best in his endeavors.”
Salil Parekh, Chief Executive Officer said, “Ranga and I have worked closely over the past few quarters in shaping the strategic direction of the company. I admire his strong financial acumen, deep understanding of the company’s business and ability to deliver consistent results. He played a crucial role as the CFO and provided strong leadership for the company. I am confident that over the next few months Ranga will ensure a smooth transition. I thank him for his lasting contribution and wish him all the best.”
During his long tenure of 18 years in Infosys, Ranga has been a part of the Infosys Leadership team and has played several leadership roles in the areas of consulting, finance, strategy, risk management and M&A and has worked closely with the Board and its committees in formulating and executing strategic priorities for the company.
Tags: infosysM.D. Ranganath
Senior Writer at CXO VOICE
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Home » Actors on Acting » Michael Douglas on ‘Behind the Candelabra’, Steven Soderbergh and the “Guts” of Matt Damon
Michael Douglas on ‘Behind the Candelabra’, Steven Soderbergh and the “Guts” of Matt Damon
By Chris McKittrick May 14, 2013 No Comments
It’s been a while since Michael Douglas really had a role he could get into. With Behind the Candelabra, in which he portrays Liberace, Douglas might have his best role in over a dozen years. He gave a lengthy interview to New York magazine about the HBO film about what was so different about playing such a campy real-life individual and what it was like acting opposite Matt Damon, who portrays Liberace’s young lover Scott Thorson.
Playing the flamboyant Liberace exposed Douglas to a new aspect of acting that his wife Catherine Zeta-Jones is far more familiar with — sitting in the makeup chair and then hours of costuming. Douglas explains, “I was the girl on this movie! The hair and makeup for Liberace took two and a half hours. I’ve never done elaborate hair and makeup before. Up until now, my entire career has been contemporary.”
Another first for Douglas was doing an on-screen kiss with another man. However, he confesses that only the first kiss was difficult. He reveals, “Once you get that first kiss in, you are comfortable. Matt and I didn’t rehearse the love scenes. We said, ‘Well—we’ve read the script, haven’t we?’ The hardest thing about sex scenes is that everybody is a judge. I don’t know the last time you murdered somebody or blew anyone’s brains out, but everyone has had sex and probably this morning, which means everyone has an opinion on how it should be done.”
While Douglas might feel hesitant about himself, he has nothing but praise for Damon. He points out, “When Soderbergh said that Matt wanted to play Scott, I was impressed. In the prime of my career, I don’t think I’d be choosing to play Scott. I mean, he has to wear a white sequined thong! That takes real guts.”
Director Steven Soderbergh had wanted to make a film about Liberace starring Douglas ever since they worked together on Traffic a dozen years ago. Douglas explains, “I was cast in Traffic as a government drug-enforcement czar in a gray suit and tie. And Steven came up to me and wanted to know if I ever thought about playing Liberace. I thought he was playing a game with me—like it was some mind-fuck trick to get me into the character. But I played along—I imitated Lee’s [as Liberace was known]voice briefly for him, and we went on with making Traffic.”
Though Douglas has a career that most actors would envy, he admits that he often feels like he is sometimes not taken seriously because of his famous pedigree. He explains, “I do feel I get dismissed sometimes. It may be a second-generation-Hollywood thing—my father [Kirk Douglas] was known for tough-guy parts, and I probably gravitated toward the cerebral rather than the physical to be different from him.”
While father and son Douglas have had very different careers, there’s no denying that both are held in high esteem — and audiences will see more of that in Behind the Candelabra, which airs later this month.
Chris McKittrick
In college, overachiever Christopher McKittrick double-majored in Film and English because he loves to read, write, and watch movies. Since then Chris – who was born and raised on Long Island, New York and currently lives in Queens – has become a published author of fiction and non-fiction, a contributor to entertainment websites, and has spoken about literature, film, and comic books at various conferences across the country when he’s not getting into trouble in New York City (apparently it’s illegal to sleep on street corners...)For more information about Chris, visit his website here!
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The barber shop slasher, the back-street abortionist and the 'parasite in a skirt': Vintage Australian mugshots reveal some of the country's earliest women criminals
Among the jailed women include the infamous razor gangster and prominent madam Matilda 'Tilly' Devine
Other criminals include backyard abortionists, drug dealers and those convicted of bigamy, drunkenness and theft
Most of them were sent to the State Reformatory for Women, Long Bay - south of Sydney
By Sally Lee for Daily Mail Australia
Published: 06:49 EDT, 13 November 2014 | Updated: 11:25 EDT, 13 November 2014
Haunting images of the past have emerged, showing vintage black and white portraits of Australian women.
But these are no ordinary women. These are the not-so-innocent faces of convicted criminals who were put behind bars from the 1880s to 1930s.
Among them include the infamous razor gangster and prominent madam of the times - Matilda 'Tilly' Devine.
Others include backyard abortionists, drug dealers and those convicted of bigamy, drunkenness and theft.
According to Live Leak, most of them were sent to the State Reformatory for Women, Long Bay - south of Sydney - which is now known as Long Bay Correctional Complex.
Matilda 'Tilly' Devine pictured on May 27, 1925 before she was sent to the State Reformatory for Women in Long Bay, south of Sydney. She was 25 at the time she was arrested for using a razor to slash a man's face in a barber's shop. She was later sentenced to two years jail. She was Sydney's infamous brothel madam and razor gangster. Ms Devine was also known for her public feuds with sly-grog queen and rival Kate Leigh
The mug-shot of Kate Ellick which was taken on February 17, 1919. She was reportedly homeless and had no family support. The 49-year-old was arrested in Newcastle. The court sentenced her under the Vagrancy Act to three months in prison
Kathleen Ward was convicted for theft, drunkenness and indecent language. This picture was taken on May 14, 1925 where she reportedly fluttered her eyes deliberately in order to destroy the long-exposure of the image
The portrait of Leslie Selina Gertrude Rees on October 8, 1915. She was convicted of bigamy and was sentenced to four months of light labour. It is believed that she was among the women from regional centres who were sent to Sydney to serve their sentencing. Her age is unknown
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Lillian May Southwell Boland on September 28, 1922 when she was convicted of conspiracy to procure an abortion. She was known to be a secretary for an illegal abortionist who worked from a dentist's surgery on Oxford Street, Paddington - Sydney's inner city. While she maintained her innocence and said she was unaware of the illegal activity, the court ruled that she must have known about the business and subsequently gave her a suspended sentence of 12 months hard labour
Lillian Sproule pictured on October 31, 1928. The Tasmanian reportedly had dealings with Sydney's cocaine trade and had multiple drug convictions. Labelled a 'parasite in skirts' by the media, the 50-year-old was sentenced to six months in prison
Margaret Lee Teale's mug-shot on April 8, 1929. The 25-year-old was charged with bigamy after she reportedly had moved to the Riverina village of Beckom - southwestern NSW - where she married John Selby. However her first husband, Ernest Teale, was still alive. She was sentenced to six months behind bars
Marjorie Day, who's also known as Elma Walton, on February 13, 1925. She successfully persuaded a shopkeeper to allow her to take home two dresses to show her mother. However she sold the clothes to a second-hand clothing shop. The 20-year-old had previously committed the same crime and was sentenced to six months prison
A black and white portrait of Mary Harris on August 15, 1923. She was sent to the State Reformatory for Women, Long Bay. Her convictions remain a mystery as there's no further information about her crime or background
Mary Rubina Brownlee pictured on April 4, 1923. The backyard abortionist was convicted of unlawfully using an instrument to procure a miscarriage. The 64-year-old was caught during an lengthy police investigation and was later sentenced to 12 months light labour while her male associate was acquitted
May Ethel Foster on March 27, 1928. She had worked with a male associate, Albert Roy Callaway aged 28, to break into some houses and steal the goods inside. She had previous convictions including failing to appear in court, vagrancy and receiving stolen goods. The court sentenced the 27-year-old to six months with hard labour
May Smith pictured on April 8, 1929. Also known as 'Botany May', she was a notorious drug dealer. It is believed she once held a hot iron as she chased a policewoman - by the name of Lillian Armfield - in order to avert arrest. The 49-year-old was sentenced to 10 months with hard labour
Vintage Australian police mugshots reveal some of the country's earliest women criminals
The thing that immediately strikes you is how old ...
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Rogues Inc boss Stewart Kennedy still at large and going door-to-door round small businesses
EXCLUSIVE: THE slimy boss of struck-off Cost Reduction Services is now going door-to-door targeting struggling small businesses.
Chris Musson
THE slimy boss of struck-off Cost Reduction Services is now going door-to-door targeting struggling small businesses.
Yesterday, we told how Stewart Kennedy’s firm – dubbed Rogues Inc – were wound up by a judge “in the public interest” after our storiesforced authorities to act.
Kennedy’s “Easyearn” get-rich-quick scheme was found to have misled clients who lost thousands, while he pocketed at least £105,000.
Kennedy is still being investigated by Strathclyde Police’s fraud squad.
But in the meantime, he is back doing what he does best ... talking people out of their cash.
Kennedy is currently on the road and cold-calling businesses around the west of Scotland.
CCTV images from a newsagent’sin Cardonald, Glasgow, show him asking for a £200 cash advance to cut the shop’s business rates.
Neighbouring shopkeepers Usman Khalid, 29, and Muhammad Yaqoob, 64, were taken in by his sales pitch.
Kennedy claimed he could cut their business rates in half by measuring up their shops and submitting an appeal to the council.
Kennedy told Usman he could secure a £4000 rebate for the past two years if he forked out.
Usman said: “I agreed and handed over money but then I got an uneasy feeling.
“He was calling himself a surveyor so I thought I’d look him up on the internet as I have a computer behind the counter.
“I found a Daily Record story and asked him to look at the screen. He admitted it was him but said it was a load of rubbish.
“I asked for my money back. He resisted but eventually he handed it over after I locked the door and threatened to call the police.
“People need to be warned about him.”
The story on our website included film footage and a recording of Kennedy threatening to set “heavies” on a client.
Kennedy told Usman: “The guy I’m speaking to owes me £180,000.”
Muhammad, who runs a shop over the road from Usman, did not hand over any money.
He was in Usman’s shop when they realised who Kennedy was.
Muhammad said: “He was convincing. He looked the part – he even had what I’d call an ‘official belly’.”
The UK Government’s Companies Investigation Branch discovered that Kennedy’s firm, Cost Reduction Services, used fake testimonials and photos and misled 20 clients who handed over a total of £357,500.
Most never got a penny back, but Kennedy pocketed at least £105,000 for himself over nine months.
A further £158,000 had been taken out of the business but investigators couldn’t prove it was Kennedy who withdrew or spent the cash.
Kennedy’s business card says he is an “expense reduction consultant” working from his home in Quarriers Village, Renfrewshire. He did not respond to requests for comment.
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Small towns concerned about high-speed rail
Amanda Reavy
Some small communities along the proposed high-speed rail line between Chicago and St. Louis are worried that, while Springfield’s concerns about the plan are being addressed, their worries about public safety, traffic and quality of life aren’t receiving enough attention.
In Williamsville, for instance, the Union Pacific Railroad’s tracks cut across Main Street, which brings traffic from Interstate 55 into the village. More and faster trains could increase emergency response times, endanger pedestrians and possibly jeopardize buildings along the tracks, Village President Tom Yokley said.
Last month, he wrote letters to state and national officials, reminding them that small, rural communities shouldn’t be ignored.
“We respectfully request some consideration be given to whether the railroad or federal government or some other body should be assigned to communicate with small communities such as ours regarding available funding and other assistance that might be available to address the safety concerns created by this project,” Yokley said in the letter.
Carlinville Mayor Bob Schwab agrees.
“I see St. Louis and larger cities benefiting from high-speed rail much more than Carlinville,” Schwab said. “I see more negative in the high-speed rail than positive, especially for smaller communities.”
Yokley said Springfield’s rail issues are different than some of those facing Williamsville and other small towns.
Springfield and Sangamon County officials want the additional trains proposed as part of the state’s high-speed rail plan to be routed along the city’s 10th Street corridor instead of Third Street, as recommended by the Illinois Department of Transportation and the UP.
Routing isn’t the issue for smaller towns, such as Williamsville, Sherman, Chatham, Auburn and Virden, through which the UP passes.
“Springfield probably has more concerns and bigger concerns because it impacts a lot more people,” Yokley said. “But our concerns, we think, are every bit as important. The safety of our children and our residents and our ability to get school buses to and from the school, we feel, is pretty important.”
IDOT spokeswoman Paris Ervin said IDOT “will work with these communities as well as the freight railroads and the Illinois Commerce Commission to find solutions that meet the needs of our communities.”
The ICC regulates freight railroads.
Ervin also stressed that safety is a top priority for IDOT.
“We have requested over $800 million for safety and mitigation in our high-speed rail stimulus applications. Decisions on how those resources will be used for specific projects will be made after the awards are announced and we know whether money will be available,” she said.
Yokley said he appreciates the acknowledgment, but more questions than answers remain.
Amanda Reavy can be reached at (217) 788-1525 or amanda.reavy@sj-r.com.
Potential high-speed rail problems
*Williamsville
“If rail traffic increases at the rates suggested, it is inconceivable for our community to survive without an overpass or underpass to serve the school, fire department and its residents,” Village President Tom Yokley wrote to state and local officials. “Furthermore, a pedestrian overpass will be crucial to serving the downtown area of our village.”
Yokley also pointed out that the village’s old train depot, which now houses the library, and a railroad car museum sit within 25 feet of the current rails. He fears a second set of tracks could put the rails too close to the buildings.
He wrote his letter on Dec. 10 and received a written response from IDOT Bureau of Railroads Chief George Weber.
Weber’s letter, dated Jan. 8, explained that project specific issues, such as environmental affects to small communities, will be addressed by a study to be done later. The study is to examine the rail project’s affect on air and water quality, noise and vibration, historic and cultural properties, parklands, contaminated lands, displacement of residences and businesses and community preservation, Weber’s letter said.
*Sherman
Weber sent Sherman a similar response after Sherman Village President Trevor Clatfelter sent him a letter in October, detailing Sherman’s concerns, which range from drainage issues to traffic tie-ups that could hinder emergency vehicles.
The Sherman police and fire departments are on the west side of the Union Pacific track. Most of the town’s residents live on the east side, though there is an underpass at Meredith Drive.
Clatfelter said routing more trains through town could divert much more traffic to Meredith, which was designed to only serve a limited residential neighborhood.
Sherman Elementary School, which serves Sherman and Williamsville, also is on the east side of the proposed high-speed rail corridor.
“Most students attending the school cross the high speed corridor to get to and from school. Providing safe conditions at both at-grade crossings is imperative,” Clatfelter wrote.
*Carlinville
Mayor Bob Schwab said more Amtrak trains might stop in the city if high-speed rail comes to pass, but he doesn’t see the likelihood of more freight trains as a plus.
Carlinville has three railroad crossings, and Schwab said the community fears high-speed rail plans could close one of them.
Most Carlinville residents live east of the tracks, but two schools are on the west side. Schwab said trains often result in traffic jams at the crossings before and after school.
“With more and more (freight) traffic, it will only get worse,” Schwab said.
“I would love to see more crossings in Carlinville that would have more overpasses or something like that.
“I hear probably more concerns about the high-speed rail than any benefits,” he said.
*Chatham
Village President Tom Gray said village officials still are unclear on how fast trains would be coming through Chatham if high-speed rail comes to fruition.
“We get different stories about that from the different experts,” he said.
The Plummer Boulevard overpass and a new fire station planned for the east side of the village will help emergency vehicles avoid closed railroad crossings, Gray said. Chatham’s current fire station is west of the tracks.
But, he believes the village’s rapid growth, which could approach 15,000 people during the 2010 Census, will necessitate a second overpass, preferably on the village’s south side.
“We should start dealing with that now,” Gray said.
Officials plan to work with U.S. Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., and congressional representatives once more details are known, he said.
*Virden
Virden Mayor Wayne Joplin said he receives tons of feedback on what the town’s residents are worried about – and high-speed trains aren’t on the list.
“I haven’t had one call from one citizen or one alderman about high-speed rail,” Joplin said. “This is something that’s not on anybody’s radar, apparently, though I have some personal concerns about it.”
Joplin said he doesn’t want to see either of Virden’s two railroad crossings close.
“We probably have 60 percent of the people that live on one side and close to 40 percent on the other. We can’t have one of the two crossings closed.”
Joplin said he has spoken with state Rep. Betsy Hannig, D-Litchfield, about some of these issues, though that’s been the extent of it.
He said he’d appreciate more feedback from the state or federal government.
“More communication never hurts. The more you know about something, the better off you are, Joplin said.
No worries in Atlanta
ATLANTA – Thanks to railroad crossing upgrades, Atlanta is ready for high-speed rail, Mayor Fred Finchum says.
“When the issue of high-speed rail first came up and the first allocation of funding to upgrade crossings and tracks was first put in place, Atlanta was one of the first cities that got funding,” Finchum said.
The three railroad crossings along the Union Pacific line in Atlanta, a dozen miles north of Lincoln, were rebuilt, re-graded and equipped with new gates and signals in 2003-04. New fencing also was installed.
“They put in new signal systems in, so by the time this high-speed train rolls through McLean, which is 6 miles down the road, the signals are activated by then,” he said.
The fencing is also an effective barrier between trains and nearby buildings and pedestrians, he said.
“They’ve really done a nice job. I guess I’ve got to give the railroad and state people kudos,” Finchum said. “Very little effort will have to be done for Atlanta to jump on board with high-speed rail.”
High-speed rail plan
The Illinois Department of Transportation is seeking $4.5 billion in federal economic stimulus funds to build a high-speed rail link between St. Louis and Chicago that would allow passengers to make the 300-mile trip in four hours or less.
The project would entail installing a second parallel track along the Union Pacific Railroad between Joliet and St. Louis corridor, allowing Amtrak passenger trains to travel up to 110 mph.
However, the plan also could lead to a sharp increase in the number of trains, passenger and freight, along the UP line. About a dozen trains daily use the line now. According to some estimates, that could increase to 40 or more.
IDOT has more information at www.idothsr.org.
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A process or rule set used for calculations or other problem-solving operations
Showing 11 results for Algorithms + Sensors
Developing New Materials For Energy Transduction
Transduction involving the conversion of energy from one form into another is common in many military and space devices, such as communications antennas (radio waves to electrical signals), thermoelectric generators (heat to electricity) and electric motors (electromagnetic to kinetic energy). Research efforts to develop new transductional materials, however, have largely been limited to laboratory demonstrations and haven’t always resulted in new capabilities or significant size, weight, and power (SWAP) reduction for military devices and systems.
| Algorithms | Energy | Materials | Sensors |
Wanted: Technologies to Enable Automated Lookouts for Unmanned Surface Vessels
DARPA’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program seeks to develop a new type of unmanned surface vessel that could independently track adversaries’ ultra-quiet diesel-electric submarines over thousands of miles. One of the challenges that the ACTUV program is addressing is development of autonomous behaviors for complying with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, known as COLREGS. Substantial progress has been made in developing and implementing those behaviors.
| Algorithms | Autonomy | Countermeasures | Maritime | Sensors | Unmanned |
DARPA Director to Christen ACTUV Prototype Vessel
DARPA today is holding a christening ceremony for the technology demonstration vessel it has developed and built through the Agency’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program. Taking place in Portland, Oregon, the event marks the vessel’s formal transition from a DARPA-led design and construction project to a new stage of open-water testing to be conducted jointly with the Office of Naval Research (ONR).
Deputy Secretary of Defense, Senior U.S. Navy Leadership Join DARPA Director to Christen ACTUV Prototype Vessel
“It’s my privilege and honor to christen thee Sea Hunter!” DARPA Director Arati Prabhakar proclaimed, capping the christening ceremony last week for the technology demonstration vessel developed and built through the Agency’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program. She then broke a ceremonial “champagne” bottle (the contents were non-alcoholic) against the bow of the prototype ship, in front of approximately 100 guests, including Deputy Secretary of Defense Robert Work and senior U.S. Navy and government officials.
ACTUV Unmanned Vessel Helps TALONS Take Flight in Successful Joint Test
DARPA’s Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) Continuous Trail Unmanned Vessel (ACTUV) program has developed and built a technology demonstration vessel that is currently undergoing open-water testing off the coast of California and recently set sail with its first payload: a prototype of a low-cost, elevated sensor mast developed through the Agency’s Towed Airborne Lift of Naval Systems (TALONS) research effort.
| Air | Algorithms | Autonomy | Countermeasures | ISR | Maritime | Sensors | Transition | Unmanned |
Cost (16)
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» Microbial Endocrinology
Impact of Catecholamines on the Interaction of E coli with Intestinal Mucosa
Last Updated on Wed, 24 Oct 2018 | Microbial Endocrinology
As indicated earlier, increased faecal excretion of E. coli has been noted in pigs subject to social stress (Jones et al. 2001) or physical handling (Dowd et al. 2007). Evidence that such events may be correlated with the release of stress-related catecholamines is afforded by the observation that the selective neurotoxin 6-hydroxy-dopamine rapidly and dramatically increases the number of E. coli in the cecum of mice (Lyte and Bailey 1997). 6-hydroxydopamine destroys noradrenergic nerve terminals without transit across the blood-brain barrier and elicits an immediate systemic release of NE. Within 14 days, during which time noradrenergic nerves regenerate, coliform counts returned to normal (Lyte and Bailey 1997). The effect could be inhibited by prior administration of desipramine hydrochloride, which specifically inhibits catecholamine uptake into noradrenergic nerve terminals, implying that damage to such neurons is required for bacterial outgrowth (Lyte and Bailey 1997). In murine models, stress induced by partial hepatectomy or short-term starvation also caused a profound increase in the number of E. coli adhering to the cecal mucosa compared to control mice (Hendrickson et al. 1999).
In addition to evidence that release of endogenous catecholamines may alter the activities of luminal E. coli, direct instillation of NE into the gut lumen has been reported to enhance adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to the mucosal surface in a bovine ligated ileal loop model (Vlisidou et al. 2004). E. coli O157:H7 can rarely be found in association with the mucosa 12 h post-inoculation of bovine ileal loops (Fig. 6.2a), however, if combined with 5 mM NE immediately prior to inoculation,
Fig. 6.2 Confocal laser scanning micrographs of bovine mid-ileal mucosa from ligated loops inoculated with E. coli O157:H7 strain 85-170 nalR in the presence of diluent (a), or 5 mM NE (b). F-actin was stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated phalloidin (green), and bacteria detected with rabbit anti-O157 typing serum and anti-rabbit Ig-Alexa568 (red). Dense microcolonies of intimately attached bacteria were seen only in the presence of NE. Magnification x630. Increased recruitment of neutrophils in the presence of NE was confirmed by analysis of g-emissions associated with 111In-labelled neutrophils in the same tissues as used for microscopy (Vlisidou et al. 2004). (c) Shows a transmission electron micrograph of AE lesions induced by E. coli O157:H7 in the presence of 5 mM NE. Scale bar = 5 mm. Reprinted from Vlisidou et al. (2004)
dense microcolonies of adherent bacteria could be observed (Fig. 6.2b). Adherent bacteria were found to have formed "attaching and effacing" (AE) lesions that are known to be vital for bacterial persistence in the bovine intestines (Fig. 6.2c; Dziva et al. 2004; van Diemen et al. 2005). NE also significantly increased fluid accumulation and the recruitment of mIn oxinate-labelled neutrophils in response to E. coli O157:H7 compared to control loops filled with bacteria and diluent, albeit only when NE used at 5 mM and not 50 mM (Vlisidou et al. 2004). NE alone did not induce enteritis in this model, indicating that the effect was not the result of outgrowth of resident enteric bacteria or damage to intestinal mucosa.
The relevance of observations in the ligated loop model, where millimolar concentrations of NE were used, to the activities of E. coli in a stressed host is unclear. Short-term starvation prior to surgery and manipulation of the intestines to construct ligated segments does not stimulate extensive adherence of E. coli O157:H7 per se (Fig. 6.2a), and one may therefore question the relevance of the observations. However, the concentration of NE in the intestinal tract of normal and surgically manipulated calves is unknown. Quantification of tissue-associated and free NE in the intestines is difficult for several reasons (Grassi and Esler 1999; Hjemdahl 1993); (1) microdialysis probes used to sample NE would not be suitable for use in the gut owing to blockage of the dialysis membrane and the fact that NE levels in the dialysate may not reach equilibrium with the surroundings over time, (2) high-pressure liquid chromatography is required to quantify NE in gut contents and recovery through purification steps cannot be estimated, (3) breakdown products of NE can be detected in the intestines, and it is not feasible to calculate the loss of NE through the activity of host and/or bacterial enzymes or other processes. Despite these limitations, the model offers the advantage that at least ten strains or treatments can be evaluated in triplicate in the same animal relative to internal positive and negative controls, thereby minimising the impact of inter-animal variation.
Analysis of muscle-stripped intestinal explants clamped between half-tubes in Ussing chambers provides a further tractable model to probe the role of bacterial and host factors in colonization of the mucosal surface (reviewed in Chap. 5). In this system, NE promotes adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to murine cecal mucosa (Chen et al. 2003) and porcine colonic mucosa (Green et al. 2004). NE also promoted uptake of E. coli O157:H7, but not a rodent commensal E. coli strain, into porcine jejunal Peyer's Patch tissue. EHEC are not widely considered to be invasive pathogens, and uptake by such tissue may reflect the antigen-sampling activity of M cells in follicle-associated epithelium (FAE). It is therefore noteworthy that FAE derived from rats subjected to chronic psychological (water avoidance) stress was found to take up higher levels of fixed fluorophore-conjugated E. coli K-12 as compared to epithelium from control rats (Velin et al. 2004). As inactivated bacteria were used and explants were not treated with exogenous neurochemicals, the data imply that stimulation of host tissues under stress may modulate subsequent interactions with enteric bacteria. Increased bacterial uptake was not observed in villus epithelium from stressed rats, indicating that the effect may be specific to FAE.
It is important to note that NE-stimulated adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to the luminal aspect of explants clamped in Ussing chambers occurred following the application of NE to the contraluminal aspect. Though it is not possible to preclude the possibility that some NE diffused to the luminal side, the amount of diffused NE and time of exposure is considered unlikely to have been adequate to promote a substantial increase in the number of bacteria available for adherence. Measurements of short circuit current and tissue electrical conductance indicated that the mucosa was viable and intact. In addition, pre-treatment of murine cecal explants with either the non-selective a-adrenergic receptor antagonist phen-tolamine or the b-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol prevented the action of NE, indicating that NE-promoted bacterial adherence at least partially reflects alterations in the host tissue (Chen et al. 2003). A similar effect of phentolamine on adherence and entry of E. coli O157:H7 into porcine jejunal Peyer's patch mucosa has been reported (Green et al. 2003), however in this system, propanolol did not inhibit the effect of NE (Green et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2006). Evidence exists that the ability of NE to stimulate adherence of EHEC to porcine intestinal explants may be more sensitive to the a2-adrenergic receptor antagonist yohimbine than the a1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin (Green et al. 2004; Chen et al. 2006). The importance of release of NE from endogenous stores has also been suggested by the use of sympathomimetic drugs. For example, the NE reuptake inhibitor cocaine and a2-adrenergic receptor agonist UK-14,304 both stimulate adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to porcine colon explants (Chen et al. 2006), as does a combination of the NE reuptake blocker desipramine and pargyline, an inhibitor of monoamine oxidase that influences catecholamine metabolism (Green et al. 2004).
Though most studies with explants have focussed on NE, it has also been shown that DA increases adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to murine cecal mucosa when applied to the contraluminal aspect in a manner sensitive to the DA antagonist haloperidol (Chen et al. 2003). The stress-related peptide adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) also augments adherence of E. coli O157:H7, but not a pig-adapted non-pathogenic E. coli, to porcine colonic mucosa (Schreiber and Brown 2005). Tyramine, which is structurally related to dopamine and abundant in certain dairy products owing to the tyrosine decarboxylase activity of Enterococcus faecalis starter cultures, can promote adherence of E. coli O157:H7 to murine cecal explants (Lyte 2004). In addition, extracts of banana that are rich in NE and serotonin (Waalkes et al. 1958) augment growth of Gram-negative bacteria (Lyte 1997), as do a number of non-catecholamine dietary catechols (Freestone et al. 2007c; reviewed in Chap. 4). Further studies are required to determine if neurochemicals consumed in the diet are able to modulate the outcome of enteric bacterial infections.
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Possible Mechanisms of Action of Norepinephrine During E coli Infection
Secondary Metabolites - Microbial Endocrinology
Quorum Sensing Signals - Microbial Endocrinology
Bacterial Growth May be Stimulated Experimentally by a Range of Catechols
Natural Dietary Supplements, The Diet, How to withdraw from cocaine, Treating Kidney Diseases Naturally No Dialysis Needed
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Disciples African-American History
Support Disciples Home Missions
History of African American Disciples
Raymond Brown, former DHM interim president, reports “black membership in practically all of the first churches where the Disciples movement began.” (An African-American History) Today African American Disciples represent 10 percent of the denomination’s membership and boast some of the fastest-growing congregations in the United States.
Here’s a look at how it all began
(a time line follows):
The African American Convention movement was established as early as 1830 in “free” states as the secular adjunct of African American congregations as a means of coordinating opposition to slavery, forced relocation of free African Americans in Africa and a multitude of social ills. The development of collective strategies to effect the well being of “freed” African Americans after the close of the Civil War (1865) was so great that most of the present organized work of the African American congregations within the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) was developed by that first generation of former slaves.
The African Christian Missionary Society supported African American evangelist and employed Preston Taylor as National Evangelist during the closing decade of the 19th century. The ACMS asked the Christian Women’s Board of Mission to take over the work in 1900. The CWBM continued that support through the next two decades. On July 1, 1914, the CWBM employed Rosa Brown to minister among the women and on Oct. 1, 1914, the Bible School Department of the ACMS employed P.H. Moss to serve the Bible schools.
The merger was finalized in 1960 and called upon the ministries of the whole church to serve the whole church. Three former National Christian Missionary Convention staff persons became staff of UCMS. They held positions in Evangelism, Christian Education and Christian Women’s Fellowship. Concern was expressed that “Jim Crowism”of the former NCMC staff not be operational through calling upon all of the UCMS staff to serve the whole church.
In 1969, the International Convention of the Christian Churches adopted “Principles for Merger of the National Christian Missionary Convention and the International Convention of Christian Churches (Disciples of Christ)” that formalized this 26 years of visions and strategy. The opening paragraphs of the resolution state the strategy well.
Under the ONE God, the ONE church has ONE mission in the world; the merger of the National Christian Missionary Convention and the International Convention of Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) must be under the disciplines of the ONE God and, in ONE Church, stand united in ONE mission in the world.
The total responsibility and witness of the Church, including the concerns outlined by the Committee on Program and Structure of the National Christian Missionary Convention in its report on “Design for Renewal and Growth,î is the object of the proposed merger of the National Christian Missionary Convention and the International Convention.
The agreements of 1960 between the National Christian Missionary Convention and the United Christian Missionary Society dealing with such areas of common concern as staff employment, the relationship of the Executive Secretary of the National Christian Missionary Convention, employment procedures, Staff Committee on Negro work, Commission on Interracial Relationships, etc. were recognized and approved as being in principle equitable and acceptable to all regarding program services for the total church.
The National Convocation was called into being as a result of the adoption and Implementation of the these principles and stated its purpose in its “Articles of Operation”as follows.
…to provide an instrumentality within the structure of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) as forum for the discussion of pertinent issues related to black church life in the context of total church life for fellowship, program promotion, leadership training, and such other general purposes as shall support and strengthen the congregations involved in the total mission of the church.
Development Time Line
Dates Events
1830 Beginning of the African American Convention movement in “free”states
1865 Signing of the Emancipation Proclamation
1867-1910 Organizing of African American Disciple conventions
1890 Preston Taylor hired as National Evangelist by ACMS
1914 Rosa Brown hired as Field Worker for women by CWBM
P.H. Moss hired as Church School and Young Peoples Worker by ACMS
1917 NCMC organized and approved as an auxiliary of the International Convention
1935 R.H. Peoples hired as National Field Worker by UCMS
1943 R.H. Peoples call for merger of NCMC and International Convention
1945 Emmet Dickson hired as Executive Secretary of NCMC
1947 Lorenzo Evans hired as Director of Christian Education by NCMC
1949 Charles Webb, Sr. hired as Director of Field Work and Evangelism by NCMC
1960 Merger of staff and service of NCMC with UCMS
1969 Merger of NCMC with International Convention
2019 Juneteenth Resources
The 2019 Juneteenth resource is available for download. Juneteenth is the oldest known celebration of the ending of slavery. From its Galveston, Texas, origin in 1865,…
Sheila Spencer
Director of Christian Education and Faith Formation; Assistant to the President of Disciples Home Missions
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Download Presskit
Press enquiries (UK & Europe), Paul McCallum: paul@abadgeoffriendship.com
Press enquiries (NZ): contact@dudleybenson.com
Booking UK & Europe, Howard Monk: howard@thelocal.tv
"The most fascinating musician to have emerged in this country in the last ten years.”
Grant Smithies, Sunday Star Times
"One of the most distinctive, singular and divisive musical figures to emerge within his home country since the dawn of the 21st century.”
Martyn Pepperell, The 405
"Dudley Benson is a caster of spells and a weaver of dreams. One of the best and most persuasive that we have.”
William Dart, Radio New Zealand
Dudley Benson (b. 1983) is an avant-pop musician based in Dunedin, New Zealand. A rare independent artist that negotiates a fiercely unique vision, critical acclaim and chart success, Benson’s work seamlessly blends elements of pop, choral, classical and electronic music to arresting effect. He has performed in and been commissioned by New Zealand’s major public art galleries and national museum, and sold out shows in the clubs of Tokyo. Achieving somewhat of a cult status, Benson has duetted with Vashti Bunyan, been remixed by Matmos, Casiotone For The Painfully Alone and Barbara Morgenstern, and recorded albums in both English and te reo Māori (the Māori language).
Through a trilogy of genre-defying records, rare live shows and collaborations with dancers and visual artists, Benson’s work celebrates nature and deconstructs nationhood. His 2008 debut The Awakening marked the singer’s arrival with a disarmingly moving song cycle that explores our longing for the places of childhood. Coloured by a baroque pop ensemble of recorder quartet, harpsichord, string quartet and four-part choir, The Awakening spurned a now-legendary tour of New Zealand’s churches and cathedrals, and was many journalists’ pick of best New Zealand album of 2008.
Two years later, Benson released Forest. A collection of re-interpretations of waiata (songs) by the Māori composer Hirini Melbourne, Forest is set in the canopy – each song is a native New Zealand bird, and recorded within the limits of the human voice: choir, beatbox, alt-barbershop quartet, bird mimic, and Dudley’s unmistakable tenor. The album pulses with the fragility of the natural world, and earned him a nomination for the 2011 Taite Music Prize, New Zealand’s equivalent to the Mercury. On the heels of receiving a 2014 New Generation Award from the Arts Foundation of New Zealand, Benson released Forest's compelling remix companion, Deforestation, featuring radical interpretations of the Forest songs by electronic producers from New Zealand, Japan, Germany and the US.
Benson’s much anticipated follow-up took eight years to produce, and as Radio New Zealand’s Nick Bollinger said, it’s a record “like no other”. Zealandia is Benson’s 2018 love album to an unseen land – twelve intricately-arranged songs recorded with symphony orchestra, fifty-person choir, and beats crafted from rocks and minerals within the continent. At times achingly beautiful, at others fizzing with bold electronic textures that mirror the rugged Southern landscape of Benson’s homeland, Zealandia is a monumental journey both in sound and scope – a search for identity and a call to arms to question New Zealand’s colonial history.
Benson’s triumphant return saw the album chart in the New Zealand Top 10, solidifying his status as a cross-over cult-pop artist. The Zealandia project continues to evolve in 2019 through a series of self-directed music videos and remix EPs, and his inaugural European and UK performances.
2019 UK & European solo tour
2018 Zealandia released (2xLP/digital/CD/newspaper)
2017 Performs commissioned work A Wedding for Christchurch Art Gallery's Waitangi Day celebrations
2014 Deforestation remix album released (LP/digital/CD)
Winner 2014 New Generation Award, New Zealand Arts Foundation
2012 Albums released in Japan
Japan solo tour
Performs commissioned work at Te Papa, New Zealand national museum
2011 Live Series: Volume One released (Ltd 2xCD/digital)
Department of Conservation & Creative NZ Artist in Residence, Naseby
2010 Forest released (CD/digital)
New Zealand nationwide tour with acapella band
2009 Performs commissioned work for Auckland Art Gallery in response to Rita Angus' retrospective Life & Vision
2008 The Awakening debut album released (CD/Ltd CD/digital/book)
New Zealand nationwide church tour with choir, string quartet and Richard Nunns
2007 Minerals & Rocks remix EP released (12" LP)
2006 The Orders, Medals & Decorations EP released (Ltd. CD)
Steam Railways of Britain debut EP released (Ltd. CD)
Top image by Russ Flatt with composite artwork by Matthew Galloway. Lower image by Charly Walsh.
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We study the inherent capabilities and limitations of computers: not just the computers of today, but any computers that could ever be built.
Area II web site
Constantinos Daskalakis wins prestigious Nevanlinna Prize
The EECS professor is honored for his contributions to theoretical computer science.
II-Theory
Médard honored for leadership in information theory
EECS professor is first woman to win IEEE’s Aaron D. Wyner Distinguished Service Award.
RLE, II-Theory
Four School of Engineering faculty members among those honored with NSF early-career awards
Ruonan Han, Luqiao Liu, and Caroline Uhler of EECS are among those to receive support for exploring new research terrains.
II-Systems, II-Theory
Browsing in public
System lets Web users share aspects of their browsing history with friends, researchers.
CSAIL, II-AI, II-Systems, II-Theory, Big Data, Connections
Computer science meets economics
Constantinos Daskalakis adapts techniques from theoretical computer science to game theory.
CSAIL, LIDS, II-Theory, Connections
3Q: Scott Aaronson on Google’s new quantum-computing paper
Google experiments suggest that the D-Wave computer exploits quantum phenomena.
CSAIL, II-Systems, II-Theory, Nanotech
A basis for all cryptography
A tool that would provide a secure foundation for any cryptographic system may be close at hand.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Cybersecurity
Email overload: Karger/Zhang devise new system reinventing the mailing list
Is it still an either-or choice to receive (or not) all those mailing list emails? EECS graduate student Amy Zhang working with EECS Prof. David Karger in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab's Haystack Group, has developed a new system that uses techniques from social media to give the recipient more control over his/her inbox. Read more.
CSAIL, II-AI, II-Systems, II-Theory, Big Data
Leiserson named SIAM Fellow
The Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics has named CSAIL principal investigator Charles E. Leiserson as one of its 2015 Fellows for his “enduring influence on parallel computing systems and their adoption into mainstream use through scholarly research and development.” Read more.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Multicore
Faculty Promotions Announced in EECS
MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department Head Anantha Chandrakasan and Associate Department Heads Bill Freeman, Silvio Micali, and David Perreault announced in February 2015, the promotions of eight faculty members in the department. Professors Adalsteinsson, Daniel, Golland, and Torralba are promoted to full professor. Professors Chilpala, Polyanskiy and Vaikuntanathan are promoted to associate professor. The promotions are effective July 1, 2015. Read more.
CSAIL, LIDS, MTL, RLE, I-InfoSys, I-Circuits, 1-ApplPhysDev, I-BioMed, II-AI, II-Systems, II-Theory, Big Data, bio-EECS, Connections, Cybersecurity, Energy, Multicore, Nanotech, Robotics, Wireless
Eight from MIT elected to National Academy of Engineering including five EECS faculty members
Five members of the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of a total of eight MIT faculty have been elected to the National Academy of Engineering including Hari Balakrishnan, Sangeeta Bhatia, Anantha Chandrakasan, L. Rafael Reif and Daniela Rus. Read more.
CSAIL, MTL, RLE, I-InfoSys, I-Circuits, 1-ApplPhysDev, I-BioMed, II-AI, II-Systems, II-Theory, Big Data, bio-EECS, Energy, Nanotech, Robotics, Wireless
Hewlett Foundation funds new MIT initiative on cybersecurity policy
A new cybersecurity center made possible by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation will focus on cyber security policy -- one of three new academic initiatives (also at Stanford and UC Berkeley) aimed at laying the foundations for smart, sustainable policy to deal with the growing global cyber threats. Read more.
Computing the Future: CSAIL celebrates 50 years of CS and AI
MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) held a two day conference celebrating 50 years of computer science looking forward to the future with solutions for today's obstacles and tomorrow's solutions. Read more.
CSAIL, II-AI, II-Systems, II-Theory, Cybersecurity, Multicore, Robotics, Wireless
Parsing what's in an action - an algorithm to find sub-actions of interest
Postdoctoral associate in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) Hamed Pirsiavash has developed a new algorithm that offers significant improvements in parsing video — linearly, no matter the length, with fixed requirement for memory and reaching conclusions in search more efficiently. Read more.
CSAIL, II-Theory
The Complexonaut: Scott Aaronson is featured by MIT News
Imagine being curious enough as an 11 year old — on seeing your babysitter's mysterious calculus textbook symbols — to jump grades in order to leap several years ahead in math? Scott Aaronson, associate professor of electrical engineering and computer science and affiliate with the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL), has always had a way of thinking beyond -- now looking for the truths in computational complexity, and consequently influencing the way computation is perceived and executed in the future. Read more.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Nanotech
Leaner Fourier Transforms - Indyk makes more out of less
Professor Piotr Indyk and members of his group in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) have developed an algorithm that betters his (and Prof. Dina Katabi's) work to develop a faster than fast Fourier Transform in 2012. The new algorithm that uses the minimum possible number of samples to analyze signals has the potential to allow advances in medical devices such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) machines to scan patients.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Big Data
Rivest is appointed to Vannevar Bush Professorship
EECS Department Head Anantha Chandrakasan announced today the appointment of Ron Rivest as the new holder of the Vannevar Bush Professorship. The Bush Chair is an Institute-wide professorship established in 1982 as a memorial to one of the outstanding scientists and engineers of the twentieth century.
EECS graduate students Alessandro Chiesa, Madars Virza devise new system to detect program tampering in the cloud
EECS graduate students Alessandro Chiesa and Madars Virza have teamed to develop a new system which can detect tampering in the cloud. The team presented their system, which is described as a practical, succinct zero-knowledge proof for arbitrary programs, at the International Cryptology Conference in August. Read more
Lynch & team develop more reliable adhoc network scheme
CSAIL News: EECS professor Nancy Lynch, who heads the Theory of Distributed Systems Group at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) and EECS graduate student Moshen Ghaffari, and Cal Newport, a former graduate student in Lynch’s group who’s now an assistant professor of computer science at Georgetown University have used adversarial models in achieving greater network stability for adhoc networks, ie., for wireless device use.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Wireless
Meyer is appointed EECS Undergraduate Officer
Dept. Head Anantha Chandrakasan announced the appointment of Professor Albert Meyer as the new EECS Undergraduate Officer effective July 1, 2013. Prof. Meyer will take over from Professor Denny Freeman, who was recently chosen as the MIT Dean for Undergraduate Education.
CSAIL News: Indyk is named Simons Investigator
As noted on the CSAIL website: The Simons Foundation has announced that Professor Piotr Indyk has been selected as a Simons Investigator. Indyk is one of 13 mathematicians, theoretical physicists and computer scientists named as 2013 Simons Investigators and one of two professors at MIT selected for the honor. Read more
Goldwasser, Zeldovich team to create new algorithm towards cloud security
EECS faculty members Shafi Goldwasser, and Nickolai Zeldovich, both members of the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) at MIT, and EECS graduate student Raluca Ada Popa have teamed with colleagues at University of Toronto and Microsoft Research to report a development in the area of homomorphic encryption that offers a functional encryption scheme to maintain security of encrypted data in the cloud.
CSAIL, II-Systems, II-Theory, Cybersecurity
Aaronson promoted to Associate Professor with Tenure
The Executive Committee of the MIT Corporation recently approved awarding tenure to seven School of Engineering faculty members including, Scott J. Aaronson, Associate Professor, effective July 1, 2013. Aaronson, also a principal investigator in the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, CSAIL,... read more.
Indyk, Katabi selected for top ACM Awards
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) has announced that it is honoring Professor Piotr Indyk and Professor Dina Katabi for their innovations in computing technology. Indyk has been named one of the recipients of the Paris Kanellakis Theory and Practice Award, which honors specific theoretical accomplishments that have had a significant and demonstrable effect on the practice of computing. Katabi has been honored as one of the recipients of the Grace Murray Hopper Award, which recognizes the outstanding young computer professionals of the year.
CSAIL, II-Theory, Big Data, Wireless
Goldwasser and Micali win Turing Award - Team honored for revolutionizing the science of cryptography.
MIT professors Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali have won the Association for Computing Machinery’s (ACM) A.M. Turing Award for their pioneering work in the fields of cryptography and complexity theory. Essentially laying the foundation for modern cryptography by formalizing the concept that cryptographic security had to be computational rather than absolute, the two have turned cryptography from an art into science -- and, in the process provided the basis for securing today's communications protocols, Internet transactions and cloud computing. They also made fundamental advances in the theory of computational complexity, an area that focuses on classifying computational problems according to their inherent difficulty.
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Specialist dog Izzy to launch ADHD book and she requires your help
Daniel Mason
Izzy with owner of the K9 Project, Chris Kent. Picture: CHRIS KENT
A specialist dog that helps children see the positive aspects of living with ADHD needs your help.
Izzy (pictured) is launching a new ADHD book and needs your help. Picture: CHRIS KENT
Izzy along with human companion and owner of the Ely-based K9 Project, Chris Kent, have written a book designed to help young people with the condition recognise their special traits and learn how to manage them.
However, they now require the help of professionals to publish their book 'You, Me and ADHD! - Celebrating ADHD through positive management, mindfulness and understanding', and now a crowdfunding page has been set up.
The book will be self-published to enable Chris and Izzy to keep control over how it looks, whilst trying to keep the price low and releasing the finished item as soon as possible with additions such as illustrations, design and printing needing to be funded.
Izzy and Chris met at the Animal Helpline Rescue centre in Peterborough, where Izzy was retrieved from the streets without a collar and tag or microchip having been due to be put to sleep after being taken to the pound.
From then on, Izzy with her highly-determined attitude and sometimes extreme levels of activity has been a key member of the project's human and canine family, who has now worked with children and in groups with families for eight years.
Chris established the K9 Project ten years ago, working alongside family dogs to support people experiencing with their emotional wellbeing.
Chris has worked alongside people with ADHD for the past 40 years in a variety of settings and previously wrote 'Hounds who Heal', which entails the development of her project through the story of six abandoned dogs.
Chris also offers educational and coaching work for children and teenagers with special educational needs or mental health difficulties.
The crowdfunding will also donate a percentage of the proceeds to charity, and everyone who pledges has a chance to vote for a charity of their choice.
Rewards start at £5 and include signed copies of the book and limited edition artwork.
To donate, please visit https://www.crowdfunder.co.uk/you-me-adhd-book or for more information on the project, head to www.thek9project.co.uk.
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Scientists create robot fish that powers itself with fake blood
Photo: Bang
Scientists have created a robot fish that powers itself with fake blood, that is made from energy-dense battery fluid and other nutrients.
A team of engineers, who are composed of researchers from Cornell University and the University of Pennsylvania, have built a life-like robotic lionfish, which contains a intricate internal system, that transports energy-dense battery fluid and other nutrients throughout the body.
According to the engineers' study, published in science journal 'Nature', the multi-functional circulatory system creates the illusion of a pulse and was built from flexible silicon materials, which allows it to be soft and subsequently bend with ease.
The scientists also found that the robot fish will work for about 40 hours.
In a statement, director of Cornell's Organic Robotics Lab, Rob Shepherd said: "Robots can't perform similar feats for very long.
"Our bio-inspired approach can dramatically increase the system's energy density while allowing soft robots to remain mobile for far longer."
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Food in the British Isles: Cream Teas and Whisky Trails
Food in the British Isles: Cream Teas and Whisky Trails March 2018
By Joanne Sasvari
The British Isles are a fertile garden bursting with fresh produce, surrounded by an ocean of seafood, and flavored with exotic traditions imported by a legendary trading nation. Food and drink are woven into the culture, from taking afternoon tea to socializing at the local pub. If you’re considering a culinary journey, start your delicious adventure here.
London: To Market, To Market
Any culinary adventure to the UK should begin in London and, as one of the world’s great trading cities, in its remarkable markets.
Borough Market has existed at the south end of London Bridge (which was the only way to get into the city for centuries) for more than 1,000 years. It’s a wonderful place for meandering and shopping for local and international foodstuffs, or to pull up a seat in one of the fine bars or restaurants for some exceptional people-watching.
Further south is Brixton Market, one of the best places to try cuisines from all over the world, from Portuguese tarts to African stews. The market sprawls through several streets and comprises a Victorian-era covered shopping area and countless cafes, food stalls and restaurants.
Meanwhile, for a posh, gourmet experience, nothing can compare to the grand department store food halls at Harrod’s, Selfridges and Fortnum & Mason – the perfect place to pick up picnic basket packed with caviar and vintage fizz.
The South West and Wales: Sweet Treats
With its fertile fields, gentle rolling hills and (relatively) sunny weather, South West England comprises some of the warmest parts of the islands, and is home to fresh seafood, cream teas, cideries, wineries, bountiful fruit orchards, and more. Expect a bucolic region with many farmers’ markets and a proud farm-to-table tradition, as well as seaside towns whose shores are lined with colorful beach huts and lively seafood eateries.
Slightly north and west, much of Wales is rugged and rustic, with towering mountains, a jagged coastline and a remote countryside dotted with melancholy ruins and a surprisingly large number of Michelin-starred restaurants. In contrast to the at times foreboding landscape, its people are among the most welcoming in the British Isles – always happy to offer their Welsh cakes and other treats.
The Midlands and North: Robust, Hearty and Spicy
In medieval times, what is now known as the Midlands was roughly the kingdom of Mercia. Today, it is a swath that cuts across the middle of England. It’s where you will find industrial cities like Birmingham and Wolverton, once the economic engines of the Industrial Revolution, which are known for the hearty, satisfying and comforting foods of the working class: ales, pork pies, wild game, apples, pears, and hard cheeses, as well as the pungent, blue-veined stilton.
Further north, foodies will fall in love with Yorkshire. Not only is it home to the famous Yorkshire pudding, this region has a terrific artisan tradition with plenty of crafters making cheeses and ales, pickles, chutneys, breads, charcuterie, ciders and so much more.
It’s also a land of farmers, fishers and foragers harvesting delicious things from sea to moor to dale. And if that weren’t enough to draw you towards Leeds, this is also the epicenter of the country’s incredible Indian food tradition.
Scotland: Seafood and Single Malt
The whisky alone would draw us north of Hadrian’s Wall. Sweet, smoky, fruity, floral, savory – whatever your taste in tipples, there’s a distillery producing it somewhere. Whisky trails will guide you through beautiful regions like Speyside, with its rugged hills and charming villages, or the remote and wave-swept western islands. Pour yourself a wee dram and make yourself at home.
Scotland is also justly famous for its salmon, both wild and sweetly smoked, as well as tender trout pulled from its rushing rivers. Less well known is its incredible shellfish, including dive-caught scallops from Mull, lobster from Dunbar and oysters in Cairndow. Note to the hungry and thirsty: seafood and whisky pair beautifully.
Ireland: Cheese and Ale
Hop across the water to Ireland and discover a cuisine that is a showcase of the exceptional local ingredients: stews of grass-feed beef and lamb, steamed ocean-fresh shellfish, roasted root vegetables and some of the world’s greatest cheeses. Indeed, with its longtime dairy culture and year-round grazing, Ireland produces almost as many varieties of cheese as France.
It was here, too, that whisky was first made, and it’s still a good place to enjoy both Irish whiskeys and ales, especially the soft, food-friendly red ale. Head to a pub for lively fiddle music, a pint of the best and some ‘craic’ for a taste of the Irish experience.
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Search Result : 18 items
Mackubin Thomas Owens
Mackubin Thomas Owens is a senior fellow of the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI) in Philadelphia and editor of Orbis, FPRI’s quarterly journal.
He retired in 2014 after 28 years as Professor of National Security Affairs at the US Naval War College in Newport, Rhode Island. At the War College he specialized in the planning of US strategy and forces, especially naval and power projection forces; the political economy of national security; national security organization; strategic geography; and American civil-military relations. In addition to the NWC core course, he taught electives on The American Founding, Strategy and Policy of the American Civil War, The Statesmanship of Abraham Lincoln, Sea Power and Maritime Strategy, Strategy and Geography, and US Civil-Military Relations. From 1990 to 1997, Dr. Owens was Editor-in-Chief of the quarterly defense journal Strategic Review and Adjunct Professor of International Relations at Boston University. He is on the board of advisers of the Alexander Hamilton Society.
Dr. Owens is the author of the FPRI monograph Abraham Lincoln: Leadership and Democratic Statesmanship in Wartime (2009) and US Civil-Military Relations after 9/11: Renegotiating the Civil-Military Bargain (January 2011) and coauthor of US Foreign and Defense Policy: The Rise of an Incidental Superpower (2015). He is at work on a book for Lynne Reiner tentatively titled A History of US Civil-Military Relations: Theory and Practice. He is co-editor of the textbook, Strategy and Force Planning, now in its fourth edition, for which he also wrote several chapters, including "The Political Economy of National Security," "Thinking About Strategy," and “The Logic of Strategy and Force Planning.”
Dr. Owens has been a contributing editor to National Review Online and was a regular contributor to the Wall Street Journal. In addition, his articles on national security issues and energy have appeared in International Security, Orbis, Joint Force Quarterly, The Public Interest, The Weekly Standard, The St. Louis Lawyer, Defence Analysis, US Naval Institute Proceedings, Marine Corps Gazette, Comparative Strategy, National Review, The New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor; The Los Angeles Times, the Jerusalem Post, The Washington Times, The Boston Herald, and The New York Post.
Before joining the faculty of the War College, Dr. Owens served as National Security Adviser to Senator Bob Kasten, Republican of Wisconsin, and Director of Legislative Affairs for the Nuclear Weapons Programs of the Department of Energy during the Reagan Administration. Dr. Owens is also a Marine Corps veteran of Vietnam, where as an infantry platoon and company commander in 1968-1969, he was wounded twice and awarded the Silver Star medal. He retired as a Colonel in 1994.
Dr. Owens earned his Ph.D. in Politics from the University of Dallas, a Master of Arts in Economics from Oklahoma University, and his BA from the University of California at Santa Barbara. He has taught at the University of Rhode Island, the University of Dallas, Catholic University, Ashland University of Ohio, and the Marine Corps’ School of Advanced Warfighting (SAW). He was also a visiting lecturer at Amherst College during the fall of 2011. He has been a program officer for the Smith Richardson Foundation, Senior Visiting Fellow at the Center for Naval Analyses and a consultant to the Los Alamos National Laboratory; Plans Division, Headquarters Marine Corps; and J-5 Strategy, the Joint Staff. He is the recipient of the 2012 Andrew Goodpaster Prize for excellence in military scholarship for his book US Civil-Military Relations after 9/11 and was the 2013 Ira Eaker Distinguished Lecturer at the Air Force Academy.
Our Herodotus
By: Mackubin Thomas Owens
This article appeared in: Volume XIX, Number 1, Winter 2019
Robert Kaplan puts geography back in geopolitics.
The Vietnam War Revisited
This article appeared in: Vol. XVIII, Number 2, Spring 2018
Why the conventional history is wrong.
H.R. McMaster and the Loneliness of the Patriot
The charges against him are baseless....
Faithful and Honorable
This article appeared in: Vol. XVII, Number 2, Spring 2017
William Tecumseh Sherman made Georgia howl.
General of the Lost Cause
This article appeared in: Vol. XV, Number 2, Spring 2015
How General Robert E. Lee accidentally saved the Constitution
This article appeared in: Vol. XIII, Number 3 - Summer 2013
A review of Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy, by Andrew Preston
This article appeared in: Vol. X, Number 3 - Summer 2010
A review of The American Civil War: A Military History, by John Keegan
On the Warpath
This article appeared in: Vol. XII, Number 3 - Summer 2012
A review of Conquered into Liberty: Two Centuries of Battles along the Great Warpath that Made the American Way of War, by Eliot A. Cohen
How the Confederates Won
This article appeared in: Vol. III , Number 1 Winter 2002/03
The great tragedy of Civil War memory is that the emancipationist account of the war was sacrificed to reconciliation in alliance with white supremacy.
A review of Lincoln's wartime leadership.
Have Gun, Will Travel
This article appeared in: Vol. IV, Number 4 - Fall 2004
The case for America's role as sheriff of the new world order.
Subjugation and Extermination
This article appeared in: Vol. V, Number 1 - Winter 2004/05
Lincoln set a high standard for leadership in time of war
First in War
This article appeared in: Vol. IV, Number 3 - Summer 2004
Could America have won its independence without Washington?
The Lost Cause In Retreat
This article appeared in: Vol. III, Number 3 - Summer 2003
In the age of so-called social history, those who can write military and political history in a clear, narrative style are treasures indeed.
The Path To Victory
By: Angelo M. Codevilla, Mackubin Thomas Owens, Norman Podhoretz, David Tucker
This article appeared in: Vol. II, Number 4 - Fall 2002
American people do not live surrounded by a moat, which means that there are 10,000 concentrations of people every day
Waging Modern War, by retired U.S. Army General Wesley Clark, is a fascinating account of coalition warfare: NATO's 1999 war against Yugoslavi...
This article appeared in: Vol. I, Number 3 - Spring 2001
Hanson's remarkable book argues that, on rare occasions, "there can be a soul, not merely a spirit, in the way men battle."
Vietnam Revisited
This article appeared in: ,
A review of Vietnam: A History, by Stanley Karnow
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Stocks fell for a third straight day on Thursday as Wall Street digested a mixed batch of corporate earnings results.
President Trump approves construction of Keystone XL pipeline
Published Fri, Mar 24 2017 10:15 AM EDT Updated Fri, Mar 24 2017 10:49 AM EDT
Cramer: Don't get too excited by Keystone XL permit
Squawk on the Street
President Donald Trump on Friday approved the construction of the Keystone XL pipeline linking Canadian oil sands to U.S. refiners, a project blocked by former President Barack Obama.
TransCanada said earlier in the day the U.S. Department of State had issued a presidential permit for the project.
Trump signed an executive order to advance the project, which will link Canadian oil sands to U.S. refiners, soon after taking office in January, saying it would create thousands of jobs.
Obama had said the pipeline would do nothing to reduce fuel prices for U.S. motorists and would contribute emissions linked to global warming.
A senior administration official told Reuters that Trump will make the announcement alongside TransCanada Chief Executive Russell Girling and Sean McGarvey, president of North America's Building Trades Unions.
"Our Government has always been supportive of the Keystone XL pipeline and we are pleased with the U.S. decision," a spokesman for Canada's minister of natural resources said.
"The importance of a common, continental energy market cannot be overstated," he added.
The move marks the beginning of lengthy process, which will involve getting approvals from state regulators. The project could also face legal challenges.
TransCanada tried for more than five years to build the 1,179-mile (1,897-km) pipeline, until Obama rejected it in 2015.
The company resubmitted its application for the project in January, after Trump signed the executive order smoothing its path.
Expedited approval of projects is part of Trump's approach for a 10-year, $1 trillion infrastructure package he promised on the campaign trail.
The multibillion-dollar pipeline would bring more than 800,000 barrels per day of heavy crude from Canada's oil sands in Alberta into Nebraska, linking to an existing pipeline network feeding U.S. refineries and ports along the Gulf of Mexico.
—CNBC contributed to this report.
Sean Spicer
TransCanada Corp
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Equity, Inclusion, and Family Foundations
At a pivotal historical moment, family foundations are poised to address matters of racial equity, inclusion, and diversity to enhance their impact. These concerns are central to any thematic area a family foundation would address in its programming. Health, education, income and wealth, and any range of other issues are characterized by persistent disparities among demographic groups. If family foundations hope to influence systemic change, the realities of today’s demographics and inequities between racial and ethnic groups would have to be incorporated into strategic thinking and action.
Mobilizing Separate, but Equally — or can we Choose to Create a More Perfect Union?
Saturday was wonderful preconference kick-off to what will undoubtedly be another great Council on Foundations event. Collaboration, common agendas, and community engagement were key themes for both the Association of Black Foundation Executives (ABFE) and Global Grantmakers. Each group delivered thought-provoking, inspiring programming - but unfortunately I was forced to choose between sessions. Similar to previous conferences, I was forced to make the mad dash between presentations and sneak politely in and out of conversations that were great independently but have the potential to be transformative together. I don’t know about you, but I’m ready to mobilize to create a more perfect Council union.
Sparking Questions and Making Us Think
For the past two decades, the James A. Joseph Lecture has been one of the intellectual high points of the Council on Foundations Annual Conference. The list of past lecturers at this Association of Black Foundation Executives event helps make the case, not just Ambassador Joseph delivering the first lecture in 1991 and again in 2001, but Carol Goss of the Detroit-based Skillman Foundation (2007); Frank Thomas of the Ford Foundation (1992); Emmett Carson, now heading the Silicon Valley Community Foundation (2000); and Handy Lindsey, formerly the innovative grantmaker heading the Field Foundation in Chicago, more recently heading the Cameron Foundation in Virginia.
The Proteus Fund Diversity Fellowship: An Entryway Into Philanthropy and So Much More
I was a member of the third class of diversity fellows. I value many things about the fellowship. My top two are the structured opportunities for reflection and learning and the access the fellowship provided to the philanthropic field overall, a tremendous support network, and numerous growth opportunities.
Empowering Talented Professionals of Color
Prior to starting as a Proteus Fund Diversity Fellow, I spent five years in my hometown serving the city that provided me with the platform to become an educated professional of color. In returning to my hometown of New Bedford, Mass., to serve its youth, I saw that the promise of an excellent public school education had been supplanted by an underfunded and lackluster version of my urban school experience.
Finding New Ways to Open Doors
I work with the program team at a regional education foundation, where it is often my job to provide feedback to applicants who were not selected to receive grants. These conversations are always difficult, but sometimes they can be particularly hard. I may find myself talking to a district superintendent, an educator with a doctoral degree and decades of experience, or a group of community members who have spent years developing a project that is about to lose some expected funding. From my perspective, I sometimes feel like it is my job to close a door on these people.
Why Philanthropy Needs the Diversity Fellowship Program
At Proteus Fund we’ve pondered how to address the challenge of increasing the number of professionals of color working in philanthropy, not just to increase the diversity of faces around the table but to expand the life experiences and perspectives that foundation professionals bring to their decisions about funding. The Proteus Diversity Fellowship recruits talented young professionals of color from a variety of fields and life experiences into a rigorous, year-long training program with placements in hosting foundations in Massachusetts.
Ready? Set? Race to the Top!
Ten Years into the Journey Toward Inclusiveness
Continuing the Community Foundation Week blog series, The Denver Foundation reflects on its Inclusiveness Project: the lessons learned over the last decade, the progress made in closing racial and economic disparities, and the gaps that remain. The foundation has received national recognition for its groundbreaking work.
Floyd Mills
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Ken Crowther: Changing seasons and sexy novels
PUBLISHED: 11:57 12 January 2010 | UPDATED: 16:26 20 February 2013
Ken Crowther talks to to Pat Parker about his love of the radio, writing raunchy novels and why he feels global warming is just part of the changing seasons
TO listeners of BBC Essex, landscape gardener Ken Crowther is something of an institution. For more than 20 years, he has been answering questions on gardening and his two-hour Saturday morning show is one of the busiest phone-ins on the station. Ken is well-qualified to deal with listeners queries. For more than 40 years, he has run his own gardening business and the award-winning company, which moved from Abridge to Epping four years ago, has clients throughout Essex and beyond.
Ken describes Essex as a county of keen gardeners. You get a great diversity of gardening here, from gnomes and coloured paving to parkland estates. Its a dry county and most of the soil is clay, which is good for roses and some vegetable crops, but it does create some problems. I love colourful annuals like begonias, but sometimes the low rainfall in Essex means they are hard to keep from drying out.
Youd think that all this would be enough to keep any 63-year-old fully occupied, but most recently the ever-energetic Ken has also ventured into the world of publishing. Two Weeks in Nice is his second and latest novel and follows the exploits of Jack, a young gardener on holiday with his mate in the South of France. As well as vivid descriptions of the Mediterranean fauna, it also recounts Jacks varied sexual conquests during his fortnight in the sun. It is, in fact, unexpectedly raunchy. As Ken, like Jack in the novels, was an apprentice gardener with London Parks in the 1960s, it is natural to ask how much of the novels are autobiographical? Not much it mostly came from my imagination, Ken insists, but Im sure I detect a twinkle in his eye.
I think temperatures are rising, but Im not convinced its
down to mans activities
Ken, whose father worked in banking, was born in Woodford and grew up in Chigwell. He was always keen to help his dad look after their quarter acre of garden and at 15 he got a weekend job at Chigwell Nursery where he gained invaluable experience. He soon decided that gardening was what he wanted to do as a career, which came as a surprise to his middle-class parents. But they backed him, and helped him gain an apprenticeship at London Parks where he looked after many of the citys most beautiful gardens.
He admits he was a fairly stroppy apprentice. I was a bit of a rebel a pain. I always wanted to do things my way. They kept moving me from place to place because I was awkward, but it meant I gained a lot of experience. Parks were great because you mixed with such a vast array of people. My old dad reckoned you got a far better education there than at university.
Despite being difficult, he was eventually offered a foremans job by London County Council, but, to his parents consternation, he turned it down. Hed decided he wanted to set up his own landscape gardening business. Id looked after a couple of gardens for people including the manager of the Festival Hall, so I reckoned there would be a market, says Ken. I decided I was going to do it differently charging people a regular monthly fee for garden maintenance.
He borrowed money from an aunt to buy his first pick-up truck and his parents gave him a mower for his 21st birthday. My dad didnt give me any hand-outs, but all my birthday and Christmas presents were spades and forks.
Back in 1966, when Ken started, most people had no concept of landscaping or garden design. Your average garden was a lawn, with borders and a vegetable patch, says Ken. That has changed completely over the years. Nowadays, gardens are an extension of your home. We live and eat outdoors far more. Its also about status. People want their garden to look as impressive as their living room.
Love at second sight
Love blossomed when his mum happened to mention that the daughter of some erstwhile neighbours had opened a floristry shop in Loughton. Being a nosy blighter, I went to have a look, laughs Ken.
He hadnt clapped eyes on Vivienne since she had moved from his road at the age of four, but the pair fell in love and married in 1971. The couple combined their expertise and developed the business, moving to a disused site in Abridge in 1977 and opening a retail nursery and a design shop in addition to Kens landscaping business.
He also offered his services to BBC Essex, but they already had a gardener lined up to answer listeners questions. However, when they dropped out at the last minute, Ken was there. BBC Essex phoned me up in a panic asking me if Id step in. Half an hour later, I was on air giving advice.
The show evolved to include interviews and features as well as gardening advice. Radios personal. As soon as Im in the radio station, I get that rush of adrenaline, which I love. If you dont get that, you shouldnt be on radio.
He now does a two-hour Saturday gardening show as well as a new Monday show, which allows him to explore his keen interest in local produce and environmental concerns.
Ken is keen on conservation and recycling but, surprisingly perhaps for someone keen on green issues, he is a bit of a sceptic when it comes to global warming.
I think temperatures are rising, but Im not convinced its down to mans activities, he says. I think these things go in cycles. Back in the early 1960s they were talking about a new ice age. Now, the earth is undoubtedly getting hotter, but, although humans are not helping, I think its largely down to natural causes.
Writing had always been a passion for Ken and he still has exercise books full of stories he made up as a youngster at school. His first book took him 20 years to finish. He contacted around 100 agents and publishers before he finally found one who would accept the book. Four years ago, Jack the Gardener finally leapt out of Kens notepads on to the published page. The sequel, Two Weeks in Nice, only took three years to write pretty speedy by comparison.
So at 63, does he have any thoughts of retirement? Ken laughs. I wouldnt know what to do with myself.
Two Weeks in Nice written by Ken Crowther is published by Vanguard Press
and is available in local book shops priced at 8.99. ISBN: 978 184386 528 5
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Eurostat: One out of four EU citizens at risk of poverty
EURACTIV.com
Millions of Europeans can't make ends meet .[Shutterstock]
Almost 25% of the EU’s population, or 122.6 million people, were at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2013, the EU’s statistics office Eurostat said on Tuesday (4 November).
According to Eurostat, the proportion of persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the 28 member states in 2013 (24.5%) has slightly decreased compared with 2012 (24.8%), but is higher than in 2008 (23.8%).
Eurostat identifies a person ‘at risk of poverty’ as someone who is living in a household with an equivalised disposable income below the risk-of-poverty threshold, which is set at 60% of the national median equivalised disposable income (after social transfers).
In 2013, more than a third of the population was at risk of poverty or social exclusion in five member states, including Bulgaria (48.0%), Romania (40.4%), Greece (35.7%), Latvia (35.1%) and Hungary (33.5%).
The lowest shares of persons being at risk of poverty or social exclusion were at the same time recorded in the Czech Republic (14.6%), the Netherlands (15.9%), Finland (16.0%) and Sweden (16.4%).
The only countries which saw decreases in the number of people at risk of poverty or social exclusion being were Poland (from 30.5% in 2008 to 25.8% in 2013), Romania (from 44.2% to 40.4%), Austria (from 20.6% to 18.8%), Finland (from 17.4% to 16.0%), Slovakia (from 20.6% to 19.8%), the Czech Republic (from 15.3% to 14.6%) and France (from 18.5% to 18.1%). The share remained stable in Belgium.
In related statistics, 9.6% of the EU population were considered as ‘severely materially deprived’, meaning they were struggling to pay their rent or utility bills and could not afford taking one week holiday from home.
The reduction of the number of persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion in the EU is one of the key targets of the Europe 2020 strategy.
Europe 2020 is the EU's growth strategy for the coming decade. Concretely, the EU has set five objectives - on employment, innovation, education, social inclusion and climate/energy - to be reached by 2020. Each member state has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas. Concrete actions at EU and national levels underpin the strategy.
Eurostat: More than 120 million persons at risk of poverty or social exclusion in 2013
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You are browsing: All Chocolates for Breakfast: A Novel
Foyalty 27
Chocolates for Breakfast: A Novel (Paperback)
Pamela Moore
Precocious and shocking when first published in 1956, Chocolates for Breakfast is a candid coming-of-age story of a young girl's sudden awakening to love and desire written by 18-year-old Pamela Moore. Disaffected, sexually precocious 15-year-old Courtney Farrell splits her time between her parents' homes in New York and Los Angeles. When a crush on a female teacher in boarding school ends badly, Courtney sets out to know everything fast-from tasting dry martinis to engaging in a passionate love affair with an older man. Considered an American response to French sensation Bonjour Tristesse, Chocolates for Breakfast is also a tale of Courtney's close and ultimately tragic friendship with her roommate, Janet Parker, and a moving account of how teenagers approach love and sex for the first time. This edition of Chocolates for Breakfast features 16 pages of insights into the book, including author interviews, recommended reading, and more.
Fiction & Poetry Modern & contemporary fiction post c 1945 Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers Inc Publication Date: 05/06/2014 ISBN-13: 9780062246912 Details: Type: Paperback Format: Books
Pamela Moore was an American writer educated at Rosemary Hall and Barnard College. Her first book, Chocolates for Breakfast, was published when she was eighteen and became an international bestseller. Moore went on to write four more novels, but none of these enjoyed the success of her first. She died in 1964 at the age of twenty-six, while at work on her final, unpublished novel, Kathy on the Rocks.
More books by Pamela Moore
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The Age of Anxiety: A Novel
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The Haunted History Of The Audubon House Doll
Terry Larch June 16, 2019 Haunted No Comments
A strange occurrence took place in Key West, Florida back more than 200 years ago. A doll belonged to a little girl, who had died from a cholera epidemic that killed many other children during this time. They were brought to the Audubon house in Key West. This residence, was once the home of Captain Jack Geiger, a well-known wrecker and his 12 different children.
Sadly, these children would end up spending their very last days inside and sheltered away from the local townsfolk. With so many deaths that happened here, the place had an unsettling aura about it. A creepy doll, was said to have literally got up and walked out of the building by itself. There were a number of frightened witnesses, who couldn’t believe what they had seen. Their testimonies live on today, as a reminder of this time.
This unusual doll, was found by a maid from under a bush in the garden here. This doll was thought to belong to one little girls here. An unsettling portrait still hangs at the house of the doll which was later turned into a museum back in 1960. Even more creepily is at night, the portrait of this doll is said to wail at night.
Some visitors that come through here, are said to break down into tears. There is a sense of sadness here, as these restless spirits might be lingering behind. Their misery may manifest in some spiritual way. Later on, there was an elaborate security system which was put in.
The museum manager, often had to return to the Audubon house due to the alarms that were set off. Were they tripped by this haunted doll? Most of the activity that happened here late at night came from the children’s room. It is assumed this is where many of these children had died.
Little Girl Portrait/The Audubon House
Different security guards who worked here, reported seeing something in the window at night but when they went to investigate, there was no one there. From what is understood, whenever visitors came to the museum to take pictures, they would experience different problems with their camera.
Most of the time, the pictures would not show up at all or they had black streaks which appeared on them. One person had the back of their camera swing open suddenly, only to lose what they photographed from being exposed.
This same photographer, was from the Discovery Channel. They were determined to disprove this story about the doll. So, they returned and took more pictures later. This photograph is one taken of this very doll. A black streak can be seen, that runs along the edge of the photo.
This location is said to be one of the most haunted places in all of the world. One night, the doll vanished, from the alarmed locked room. It has never been seen since.
(Source: Cool Interesting Stuff)
My House Is Haunted, What To Do Next?
People Are Buying Demonic And Haunted Dolls Like Mad
The haunted mirror of morality
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Special Report 50 Ideas to Change the World
Show articles
Nanobots kill off cancerous tumours as fiction becomes reality
Brain implants allow paralysed patients to move limbs
New diagnostic tools needed to stop antibiotic resistance
Liver success holds promise of 3D organ printing
Smartphones speed recovery of surgical wounds
Immunotherapy: beyond melanoma and lung cancer treatment
Holograms are changing the way we interact with computers
Special Report Digital health
Researchers inject tiny devices into the bloodstream to deliver drugs with precision
Each nanorobot is made from a flat, rectangular DNA origami sheet, 90 nanometers by 60 nanometers in size
Sarah Shearman
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A new prospect for cancer treatment opened up last month, when researchers for the first time successfully used tiny, nanometre-sized robots to treat cancerous tumours in mice.
Researchers from Arizona State University and the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences injected nanobots made from a folded sheet of DNA into the bloodstream of mice. These targeted the blood vessels around cancerous tumours, injecting them with bloodclotting drugs to cut off their blood supply. According to the study, published in Nature Biotechnology, in February, the treatment was successful in shrinking the tumours and inhibiting their spread.
The idea of armies of minuscule robots patrolling our bodies, cleaning and maintaining them has been a theme in science fiction for decades. The plot of a1966 film Fantastic Voyage in which a submarine of scientists is shrunk to microscopic size and injected into the blood stream of a colleague in order to help save his life, is now coming closer to reality.
Scientists are exploring the use of nanobots for a number of healthcare uses, not only for fighting cancer, but also to unblock blood vessels in hard to reach areas, taking biopsies or measuring the level of certain chemicals in otherwise inaccessible areas of the body.
A nanobot is a device typically ranging from 0.1-10 micrometres (a micrometre is one millionth of a metre), roughly the size of a red blood cell or smaller. This is too small to add a traditional robotic element like a motor, computer chip or camera, explains Eric Diller, assistant professor, who leads the microrobotics laboratory at the University of Toronto.
Bioengineered bots made from DNA, such as those used in the mouse tumour tests, have been shown to be capable of delivering small doses of drugs with great precision.
A number of hurdles must be overcome, however, before surgical nanorobots will reach clinical trials. Getting the minuscule robots to travel to a precise site in the body and stay there long enough to carry out a procedure is a big challenge, given the speed and frequency of blood flow in the human body.
Nanobots must also avoid being expelled from the body like other toxic or foreign bodies. “Injecting it [the nanobot] into the blood stream and letting itself find the target is pretty much akin to the problem we have with chemotherapy,” says Professor Guang-Zhong Yang, director and founder of the Hamlyn Centre of Robotic Surgery at Imperial College London. Chemotherapy drugs kill both healthy and cancerous cells, so injected nanorobots would need to differentiate between them carefully to surpass this current form of treatment.
It will be easier for the nanobots to operate in parts of the body where blood flow is slower, such as capillaries in the eye or in fluids outside the circulatory system, such as the ventricles of the brain or urinary tract, says Mr Diller.
Ultrasound could be used to propel the nanobots, or, alternatively, bacteria or viruses could be used to carry them to a specific site. Researchers are also exploring ways to use magnetic fields to get the nanobots to reach specific sites and remain in place, against the flow of blood.
Another challenge is tracing nanobots when they are inside the human body, since they are too small to show up on X-rays and other traditional imaging technology. Tracking is essential not only to ensure the nanobots carry out their intended procedures, but also to ensure that the devices, and any tissue they have disrupted, are safely removed.
“This is a serious challenge for our field to overcome. There is no clear answer,” says Mr Diller. Making the nanobot biodegradable is a possible solution, he adds.
Richard Kerr, consultant neurosurgeon and council member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, chairing its Commission on the Future of Surgery, believes these technical issues will be resolved because of the glut of expertise and research money pouring into the field.
50 ideas to change the world
We asked readers, researchers and FT journalists to submit ideas with the potential to change the world. A panel of judges selected the 50 ideas worth looking at in more detail. This fourth tranche of 30 ideas (listed below) is about the latest advances in healthcare. The fifth and final chapter, looking at Earth and the universe, will be published on March 29, 2018.
Video: Exoskeletons for factory workers
Nanobots to kill off tumours
Tests to stop antibiotic resistance
3D printing organs
Personalised mental health treatment
Apps to speed surgical recovery
Immunoncology
The global nanomedicine market was estimated to be worth $138.8bn in 2016, according to market research company Grand View Research.
Making the technology cost effective, however, poses a far greater challenge, he says. “The issues are more about the application of it — how we use it and how we bring it to the clinic within an economical framework.”
With infection, obesity, starvation and diabetes the most pressing global health problems, critics argue that pursuing expensive treatments such as nanobots is not the best use of scarce medical research funds. The cost effectiveness of robotics in surgery is already under scrutiny: a recent study from Stanford University School of Medicine, found that robot-assisted surgery to remove diseased kidneys cost more than traditional surgery and the outcomes were no better.
For nanobots to be successful, they must show that they can exceed the limitations of human surgeons, rather than replicating what they already do, Mr Kerr says. “This technology has to be an aid to surgeons and allow them to do either something they couldn’t before — or it has to do something we were doing before but better,” he says.
Precision targeting of cancerous tumors, as seen in the Arizona State University study with mice, could be an case where nanobots can go where a human surgeon’s scalpel cannot reach.
Get alerts on Digital health when a new story is published
Explore the Special Report
About this Special Report
The FT enlisted the help of readers, researchers and entrepreneurs to find 50 new ideas that will shape the world in the future.
The ideas address the challenges of a growing world population, resource scarcity, handling information as well as healthcare, and look beyond our planet to explore new frontiers and solve common challenges.
Supported by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Group
Pharmaceuticals sector
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Word Formation Practice
Uploaded by Monalisa Leonard de Vinci
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saveSave Word Formation Practice For Later
Le Present de 23
Ingles Tipo Test
Useful Sentences for Writing Essays
Le present de l'indicatif
Le Present de Lindicatif20
Le Present de Lindicatif2
Passive Voice and Causative
Reporting Verbs
Impersonal Passive Grammar
Present Simple Continuous
How kind of you. That was very____________.
10 When Jane made up for the play she was
___________. RECOGNIZE
Form the suitable words that fit the space.
He has ___________ the new facts which
changed his life in a long row. KNOW
All the local _________ are required to take
part. RESIDE
Reading _________ the mind, they say. BROAD
This is a ____________city center. HISTORY
The _________of man's hand is about 5 cm.
all the agencies are offering
__________holidays to Greece. PACK
Traveling certainly has ___________his mind.
Hampton. LIBRARY
You should_____________ these trousers, they
are much too short. LONG
Some the animals are on the verge of
__________. EXTINCT
Jim failed to ___________for the final stage of
10 Stewardess is also called a flight___________.
the competition. QUALITY
she had to take an oath of __________.
Lillian is ____________ taller than when we saw
her last. CONSIDER
Were you aware of the ____________ of the
situation? SERIOUS
Why bother? It seems _________to write
another letter. POINT
In the end I was a __________in the Wolver
This is rotten luck! I really ___________with
you. SYMPATHY
Have you read the latest __________ about
A true __________ lasts through life. FRIEND
Slowly he_________his consciousness.GAIN
10 Bill assured us that the ___________ against
It was a very_____________evening, wasn't it?
Madonna's private life? REVEAL
him were untrue. ACCUSE
After eating something that had gone off he
developed food ___________.POISON
Things changed __________. DRAMA
It is impossible to predict which way the election
This is a very______________situation.MESS
this is not a very
_____________situation.PROMISE
will go because there are so many
__________voters. DECIDE
The school playground has been __________.
Ruth has gone back to college to get a teaching
_____________. QUALIFY
I don't find our colleague very _________. LIKE
Why are you so ___________ to other people's
problems? SENSE
This text book should have been
more__________.INFORM
My ___________ is that you will pass the exam.
this__________form?APPLY
With the application, a passport seized
photograph is a ___________. NECESSARY
Why are you filling in
Oh, stop bothering me!As if i didn't have
enough___________.DIFFICULT
Tell me about your_________with your
father.RELATE
10 I think we'll soon become
_____________.MILLION
He is of average ___________ HIGH
He measured the _________ of the door. WIDE
You can't go any further without a __________.
He married her for her _________ BEAUTIFUL
10 She married him for his _________ WEALTHY
This is an animal __________ organization.
Every government should ___________ basic
human rights. PRACTICE
These two companies have been in
_____________ for over 10 yrs. OPERATE
The magic fat injection - Scientists in London are
We try to promote ___________ methods in
working on the _______________ (DEVELOP) of a
rearing of farm animals. HUMAN
new kind of _______________ (INJECT) that will
Everybody was impressed by his ___________.
help people to lose _______________ (WEIGH).
The product is a liquid that kills off fat cells in the
Has that satisfied your______________
body, and tests on animals have shown
_______________ (ENCOURAGE) results. The
It has caused me a great deal of ____________
_______________ (INVENT) of the drug are
planning to carry out trials on humans soon, and are
He is a famous__________. INVENT
_______________ (ENTHUSE) about the products
10 My driving __________ is very patient with me.
potential. One of the advantages of the
_______________ (TREAT) is that adults only have
a _______________ (LIMIT) number of fat cells,
and when they are killed off, they are destroyed
_______________ (PERMANENT). If the new drug
You didn't follow the _____________.
tests, it is likely that it will be extremely
_______________ (SUCCESS).
passes the necessary _______________ (SAFE)
She works as a ____________. WAIT
He is a lift ____________. ATTEND
I am seeking _____________ EMPLOY
He has just dismissed three of his ___________
The dull life of animals - I came across an article
We can't interview every _________ for the job.
in a magazine the other day which made
_______________ (COMPARE) between people and
Please fill in this ___________form. APPLY
animals. It seemed to come to the ______________
How much is the ___________ fee? ADMIT
(CONCLUDE) that in most cases we are superior to
Have you got any form of __________
animals and lead a more _______________
(COMFORT) life. Wild animals have much more
10 I'd like to give you a piece of _________.
_______________ (FREE) than pets or animals in
zoo, but even a lion or a tiger in the jungle could be
killed by _______________ (HUNT) at almost any
time. For animals, life is generally hard and
_______________ (DANGER) compared to the life
The next ___________session will be on
_______________ (VARY) but also the possibility to
led by people in large cities, where there is not only
Thursday. PRACTISE
choose the kind of life you want to lead. It is hard to
He spoke a great __________. LONG
imagine a life more _______________ (BORE) than
There is a______-of water at the moment.
that of a tortoise.
I'm out of my________ DEEP
He doesn't know his own __________STRONG
it's worth its______ in gold. WEIGHT
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AttractionsCentral-America & Mexico
6 of Costa Rica’s most ‘secret’ islands
On Jun 17, 2017 68
Costa Rica is most commonly known for its pristine beaches, abundance of wildlife and varied landscapes. Visitors can fly into the cosmopolitan capital of San Jose one day, and be zip lining through a nearby jungle or laying out next to clear blue waters the next. Many of these frequently visited seaside destinations also boast tiny, little-known islands not far off their coasts. From abandoned maximum security prisons, national parks and possibly haunted cemeteries, don’t forget to put these six ‘secret’ islands on your itinerary during your next trip to Costa Rica!
Isla de Caño
Where: Osa, Costa Rica (in the Pacific Ocean)
The island, which is rumored to have once been inhabited by pirates, is a Costa Rican national park and part of the Osa Conservation Area. Visitors can explore the island’s varied marine life and brightly-colored coral species by snorkeling or diving in the crystal-clear waters. Several different companies in the area offer guided hiking, diving, snorkeling and even whale watching trips to the island. Visitors will also be able to see several artifacts that give evidence to pre-Columbian inhabitants of Isla de Caño, including carved stone spheres.
Islas Tortugas
Where: the southern tip of the Nicoya Peninsula in the Pacific Ocean
The Islas Tortugas are a stretch of uninhabited islands lying in the Pacific Ocean. Daily catamaran tours of the island depart from nearby towns Montezuma, Jaco and Puntarenas. Once on the island, visitors can rent jet skis, paddle boards, snorkel gear and kayaks or spend the day laying out on the beach.
Where: the middle of the Pacific Ocean, about 340 miles from the shores of Costa Rica
Isla del Coco is a designated national park that does not allow inhabitants other than park rangers to stay permanently on the island. Tourists who come for a day trip to check out the island’s natural beauty, however, are always welcome. Because of its extremely remote location, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is ideal for advanced divers seeking a truly unique spot. The island offers a wide array of biodiversity; divers will be able to see hammerhead sharks, dolphins and whales, as well as over 300 different species of fish during their trip.
Isla Damas
Where: Quepos, Costa Rica (the Pacific Ocean)
Hop on a quick 30-minute boat ride from neighboring beach towns such as Jaco and Manuel Antonio to spend the day exploring one of Costa Rica’s most unique environments. This small island is an easy day trip for tourists who wish to enjoy boating or kayaking through the mangrove trees that surround the island. Visitors can also take the time to learn about the island’s tropical rain forest ecosystem, which boasts wildlife species such as monkeys, sloths and boa constrictors.
Isla San Lucas
Where: Puntarenas, Costa Rica (Pacific Ocean)
Located in the Pacific Ocean about five miles off the coast of Puntarenas, Isla San Lucas served as Costa Rica’s most famous maximum security prison until 1991. Those seeking more information about Costa Rica’s history and culture can take a tour of the island, where they will get an inside look at the cells and hear several stories about the prisoners who spent their days living on the island.
Isla Cabuya
Where:Montezuma, Costa Rica (Pacific Ocean)
Isla Cabuya, also known as “Cemetery Island,” is located just off Montezuma, a small town near the southern tip of the Nicoya Peninsula. Public buses run four times daily from Montezuma to Cabo Blanco Reserve, where visitors wanting to make the trek out to Isla Cabuya must wait until low tide, when a causeway over the rocks will appear. Snorkeling is a popular activity for visitors, as a reef on one tip of the island makes for the perfect spot to see tons of colorful fish. In pre-Columbian times, Isla Cabuya was home to a burial ground, and the island is said to remain haunted by ghosts. Funerals continue to be held on the island to this day, and participants can be seen late at night carrying candles as they make their way out to the tiny cemetery. The island also boasts a little-known surfing spot called the “Secret Reef.” With the right conditions, a huge swell forms, satisfying even the boldest of surfers.
Rob Harper is the Director of Business Development for Namu Travel Group.
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Reports of drone close encounters spiked in 2015, with no simple resolution in sight
By Joel Hruska on August 17, 2015 at 8:28 am
The FAA released a report today detailing how pilots reports of dangerous drone activities that interfered with aircraft operations spiked in 2015. In 2014, pilots reported 238 such encounters, while this year that total rose to over 650 by August. In our previous reports on drones, many of you have questioned whether the issue is actually “that bad,” given that airplanes regularly suffer bird strikes without catastrophically falling out of the sky. Given that drone – plane interactions are skyrocketing, it’s useful to revisit the topic.
All modern aircraft engines are required to conform to the FAA’s minimum bird ingestion standards (Yes, that’s the actual term, and yes, it’s totally hilarious). Information on how much damage a drone would do to an aircraft on impact is difficult to measure: There are a great many different types of drones, they’re built from various materials as opposed to feathers and meat, and they have dramatically different weights. We can generally assume that heavier drones will do more damage than lighter ones, but that’s about it. There is, however, a great deal of information on how a jet engine reacts to the sudden intrusion of an avian, as demonstrated in the video below:
Bird strikes can cripple or destroy a plane, particularly if they occur during landing or takeoff. Multiple bird strikes in 2009 forced US Airways Flight 1549 to land in the Hudson river after both engines flamed out. It’s estimated that 65% of bird strikes result in no damage to the aircraft, but the cost of repairing the other 35% of planes is quite high, at $400 million in the United States and an estimated $1.2 billion worldwide.
Here are some of the more frequent comments we’ve seen on this topic.
Drones don’t weigh as much as birds: This depends on what kind of drone or bird you’re talking about, but the argument is based on a misconception. The overwhelming majority of the damage inflicted by an impact isn’t caused by weight, but by speed. A bird impact at 171 mph relative velocity has the same kinetic energy as a 220lb object dropped from a height of 49 feet. It should be noted, however, that while the kinetic energies are approximately equal, the force required to deflect the now-deceased bird is considerably less. Either way, it’s the speed of the collision that does the damage, not the mass.
Also keep in mind that existing aircraft built after 1960 were not designed to safety specifications that included impacts with flying drones. Smashing into a hard plastic or metal frame at several hundred miles per hour may do dramatically more damage to an aircraft that passes all existing safety standards concerning bird strikes.
People have a right to operate drones: The FAA is updating its current rules to cover drones and related aircraft, but the agency has already issued a preliminary set of guidelines. Drones shouldn’t operate above 400 feet, come within five miles of an airport without communicating with the airport and its control tower, or fly near people. According to the FAA, commercial airline pilots reported encountering 138 drones above 10,000 feet in June, and 137 in July. That’s up from 16 and 36 in June and July of 2014. The vast majority of hobby drones aren’t even capable of reaching that altitude, and many contain programmed limitations that prevent them from doing so.
The people causing problems, in other words, aren’t the guy who bought a $500 drone and wants to take some aerial photos of his house.
Planes can just get out of the way: This argument is often delivered alongside some variety of “Pilots should man up,” or a reference to the courage and bravery of Allied wartime pilots who flew bombing runs as opposed to modern cowards who aren’t willing to play chicken with an object that’s a fraction the size of their own aircraft. It’s a terrible argument, particularly given that it’s often made in situations where the aircraft in question was either fighting fires or trying to avoid drone intrusion on a landing or takeoff.
High altitude flying doesn’t look like this.
A firefighting aircraft isn’t cruising above the conflagration at 10,000 feet. The typical altitude for a retardant drop is more like 150-200 feet. At that height, the pilot has virtually no time to react if something goes wrong — and given that they’re already flying into a burning hellscape with all the smoke and heat attendant to such a situation, there’s already something wrong. Depending on the nature of the fire, a tanker may also be carrying smoke jumpers or rappellers, meaning the pilot is taking risks with more lives than just his own.
A drone strike that destroys a tanker aircraft would dump jet fuel into an already-blazing area, almost certainly kill the pilot and co-pilot (firefighting aviation disasters are nearly always fatal) and further hamper the efforts of the ground crew to combat the blaze. Telling the pilots to “man up” is simply ridiculous when the consequences of them doing so could dramatically worsen the very conflagration they’re attempting to stop. Discretion, at times, is the better part of valor.
Similarly, an aircraft in the midst of taking off or landing is at its most vulnerable. A drone strike in either situation could wreck the plane and possibly kill the passengers. According to United States law, the pilot in command (PIC) is the person who “Has final authority and responsibility for the operation and safety of the flight.” In a potentially dangerous situation, the last thing anyone needs is a pilot willing to risk the lives of his passengers and flight crew by taking risks.
No clear solution
There has to be a way to create a middle ground between outlawing drones and creating serious safety risks for pilots, but to date none have presented themselves. Requiring everyone to get a pilot’s license to operate a drone is, in my personal opinion, overkill — but drone pilots, in turn, need to have a way to be notified that the FAA has created no-fly zones over wildfires for safety reasons, or that an aircraft is approaching their vicinity. Whether this involves two-way radio communications (somehow), automatic piloting updates that prevent a drone from entering restricted airspace, or another method of resolving the situation is still unclear.
If the FAA’s report is any indication, planes and drones are going to continue encountering each other at an accelerating clip. Given this trend, it’s only a matter of time before that encounter involves significant damage to an aircraft. Hopefully we can take steps to resolve the issues at hand before that happens.
aerial firefighting
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Rockville is home to over 65,000 residents with a taste for urban fashion, dining, and entertainment. Residents like that Rockville feels like a larger city while still offering residential comforts.
Rockville employs over 35,000 people, with the majority falling into professional, scientific, and technology services or public administration.
Rockville is a diverse city, with about 20% of residents of Asian descent and 15% of Hispanic descent, among others. This diversity is evident in the food, culture, and spoken languages of those who call Rockville home.
The median age of residents is young at about 38 years old due to the many young professionals and families that settle down in Rockville. The city has a mix of young couples, families, and older, empty nesters.
Benefits of Living Here
The city of Rockville is the county seat of Montgomery County, MD, making it a hub for local government as well as a booming business district.
The D.C. Metro Red Line has several stops in the neighborhood, including Shady Grove, Rockville, and Twinbrook.
The Rockville Metro station also connects commuters to the MARC train, which runs between West Virginia, Northern Maryland, and Washington, D.C., and Amtrak, which runs through several states like Pennsylvania and Illinois for further travel.
Rockville is home to a wide variety of ethnic dishes and restaurants.
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— Richard R., Westside at Shady Grove
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Emily Cochrane and Sheryl Gay Stolberg
Another Mass Shooting, but This Time House Democrats Promise Action
nytimes.com 11/09/2018 23:11:04 4 Emily Cochrane and Sheryl Gay Stolberg
Representative Nancy Pelosi of California, the Democratic leader, said she expected action on expanded background checks.CreditCreditErin Schaff for The New York Times
By Emily Cochrane and Sheryl Gay Stolberg
WASHINGTON — Since the collapse of bipartisan gun control legislation in 2013, a succession of gruesome mass shootings has been greeted on Capitol Hill by thoughts, prayers and then inaction. But the killing of 12 people late Wednesday night at a California country and western bar came just 24 hours after Democrats — many of whom campaigned in support of gun control — regained the House majority in the midterm elections.
This time, Representative Nancy Pelosi, the House Democrats’ longtime leader, has promised a legislative response when her party takes control in January.
“I do believe” there will be action, Ms. Pelosi said in an interview on Thursday on CNN, “because in this Congress, the one that we’re in right this minute, there is bipartisan legislation to have common sense background checks, to prevent guns going into the wrong hands.”
The likely first push will be a version of the bill written after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012 — subjecting almost all gun sales to a federal background check, including internet and gun show transactions. Newly elected representatives will descend on Washington next week for freshman orientation, mingling with veteran lawmakers and kicking off the legislative discussions.
“We want the new members to be a part of this conversation,” said Drew Hammill, a spokesman for Ms. Pelosi.
A legislative lunge toward gun control in the inaugural months of the 116th Congress would offer up the first test for the new Democratic majority. The Republican majority in the Senate, fortified on Tuesday with new conservative hard-liners, has balked at any legislation that can be painted as curbing gun owners’ rights. After a gunman opened fire on Republican lawmakers last year at a suburban baseball field, Republicans actually pressed to loosen gun controls.
Representative Conor Lamb has cautioned Democrats against any legislative package that would curtail gun owners’ ability to obtain firearms.CreditFederica Valabrega/Reuters
And Democrats could face their own divisions. A number of victorious Democrats campaigned on reducing gun violence and strengthening gun laws, including Lucy McBath of Georgia, whose son was killed in a 2012 shooting; Jason Crow, from the suburbs of Denver, who made rallying cries of the mass shootings at Columbine High School and an Aurora, Colo., movie theater; and Abigail Spanberger of Virginia, a former C.I.A. officer who supports a ban on certain firearms with military-style features.
“I hope that we take swift action and do it fairly soon to enact sensible gun law reform that will keep communities safe,” said Veronica Escobar, who will succeed Beto O’Rourke as the representative from El Paso, Texas. “I’m so tired of being heartbroken — so tired of feeling worry and concern for my children and family. It’s about time we do something about it.”
“If the president or the Senate chooses not to support it, frankly, it’s on them,” she added, “but we have to try and we have to continue to try until we get it done.”
Gun safety marches and a new breed of advocates — most prominently, March for Our Lives, the movement led by the teenage survivors of the shooting at a high school in Parkland, Fla., — bolstered young voter turnout. Around two dozen candidates supported by the gun lobby were defeated on Tuesday, according to Giffords PAC, the gun safety group run by former Representative Gabrielle Giffords, who was shot in the head in a mass shooting.
“We cannot let these tragedies become our new normal,” said Colin Allred, an incoming freshman Democrat who ousted a veteran Republican, Pete Sessions, in the suburbs north of Dallas. “I think we need to find a way to work together to find some real solutions to reduce gun violence, consistent with the Second Amendment.”
But a handful of other Democrats, including Representative Conor Lamb of Pennsylvania, a former Marine who favors gun rights, have cautioned the party against any legislative package that would curtail gun owners’ ability to obtain firearms. And winning Democrats in districts like suburban Charleston, S.C., and Oklahoma City will have to be mindful of their fragile mandates — especially if any House legislation is destined to die in the Republican-controlled Senate or at President Trump’s desk.
Some incoming freshmen are warning against overpromising or politicizing a tragedy.
“As Democrats, we should not try to make this a political issue that is about gun legislation because any of the gun legislation we’re advocating for would not have prevented this,” said Katie Hill, who defeated Representative Steve Knight in a California district near Wednesday’s shooting. “We lose credibility if we try to make it as if it would’ve,” she added.
The gunman, a former Marine, bought his handgun legally in a state with some of the toughest gun control laws in the country.
Lucy McBath, whose son was killed in a 2012 shooting, campaigned on reducing gun violence and strengthening gun laws.CreditLynsey Weatherspoon for The New York Times
That could limit Democratic leaders’ ambitions. Joe Cunningham, the Democratic representative-elect for South Carolina’s First District, said he would endorse a bill banning so-called bump stocks, which allow semiautomatic rifles to fire like automatic weapons, and strengthening background checks.
“I think some of these things can be accomplished without infringing on the Second Amendment,” said Mr. Cunningham, a gun owner with a concealed carry permit.
Other incoming freshmen said Congress could not be timid. Tom Malinowski, an incoming freshman Democrat from New Jersey, noted the longstanding bipartisan support to expand background checks.
“Keep in mind that even in the Republican House of Representatives, there was a working majority to pass at least universal background checks,” Mr. Malinowski said. “The only reason it didn’t happen is the leadership was too terrified to allow a vote. The new leadership obviously won’t be.”
Ms. Pelosi, who remains confident that she will reclaim the speaker’s gavel next year, said on Thursday that public support would serve as an impetus for moderate Republicans to endorse background check legislation.
“I do believe that our strength is in the public involvement,” Ms. Pelosi said on Thursday.
According to Gallup, 61 percent of Americans want stricter gun laws, and there is even more support for universal background checks and red-flag laws, which allow a judge to issue an order that enables law enforcement officers to confiscate guns from individuals deemed a risk to themselves or others. Such initiatives could garner support from more moderate Republicans and their counterparts in the Senate.
“It’s hard to find issues where you can find 50 or 60 percent saying, ‘yeah, this is a good idea,’” Kris Brown, co-president of the Brady Campaign and Center to Prevent Gun Violence, said of the background check expansion, pointing to a Quinnipiac University National Poll after the Parkland shooting, which found that 97 percent of American voters supported universal background checks.
“More people would say they have a problem with apple pie,” she said.
Catie Edmondson contributed reporting.
A version of this article appears in print on , on Page A18 of the New York edition with the headline: In Another Massacre’s Wake, House Democrats Vow to Revisit Gun Control. Order Reprints | Today’s Paper | Subscribe
Published on Fri, 09 Nov 2018 23:11:04 GMT, © All rights reserved by the publisher.
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FORCE has a strong commitment to promoting research to benefit our community. We advocate for more research funding, educate people about available studies, and report findings back to our community.
Research & Clinical Trials > Research Findings > 2018 ASCO Annual Meeting Highlights
Participating in Research
Importance of Research
Types of Research
Protection of Participants
Testing New Drugs
Studies Enrolling Patients
New Genetic Insights: Highlights from the 2018 American Society for Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting
by Piri Welcsh, PhD
Patients with multiple primary cancers benefit from genetic testing
Patients with multiple primary cancers should consider genetic counseling and testing.
Rates of inherited mutations in genes other than BRCA1 and BRCA2 are twice as high in breast cancer patients who have a second primary cancer compared to those who only have a single primary breast cancer.
Kara Maxwell from the University of Pennsylvania presented a study that looked at breast cancer patients who did not have a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation who were tested with a 15-gene panel test. Researchers compared panel test results between patients who had a second primary breast cancer and patients who had only a single primary breast cancer.
8% of 891 patients who had a second primary breast cancer also had an inherited mutation in a known cancer gene.
4% of 1,928 patients who had only a single primary breast cancer had an inherited mutation in a known cancer gene.
“Our data show that patients who have had multiple primary cancers should undergo genetic testing, and likely this holds true for a number of other types of second cancer,” Maxwell said. “However, the overall numbers are still low, which shows the level of uncertainty that still exists and highlights the need for further research.”
A better understanding of hereditary lung cancer
Some inherited lung cancers can be explained by mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2 and other genes.
Most of the heritability for lung cancer nearly 20% of all cases is unknown. To better understand this, researchers used the FDA-approved Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets (MSK-IMPACT) panel test for somatic mutations in 468 genes. (Somatic mutations are defects that occur within a person's lifetime that can cause cancer in cells. In contrast, germline mutations are inherited.)
The study compared samples of lung cancer tumors and normal tissue from patients with a family history of other cancers, early age at onset or multiple cancer diagnoses to unselected lung cancer patients-those who had no family history of cancer, early age at onset or multiple cancers. For this study 2,687 patients consented to sequencing their tumor tissue and normal tissue to identify DNA changes in their tumors. It is also possible to detect germline (inherited) mutations which will be present in normal tissue as well as tumor tissue.
Among all lung cancer patients, approximately 8% (210) had a pathogenic germline mutation in one of 27 genes. Of these, the most common were BRCA1 (16), BRCA2 (19) and CHEK2 (25).
Of the 42 patients who opted to receive germline test results, 24% had early onset lung cancer and 52% multiple cancers. 31% had inherited a mutation known to cause cancer in one of 10 genes (3 BRCA2, 2 MEN1, 1 APC, 1 ATM, 1 BAP1, 1 BLM, 1 CHEK2, 1 FH, 1 FLCN, and 1 RAD51D)
These results show that patients with lung cancer who have either a family history of other cancers, early age at onset or multiple cancer diagnoses, are more likely to have a germline mutation as compared to unselected lung cancer patients.
Can tumors tell us who should test for Lynch Syndrome?
Certain tumor features in many types of cancers can reveal who should be tested for Lynch syndrome.
Lynch Syndrome is associated with mutations in the genes of the mismatch repair system. When the Lynch syndrome genes are defective, DNA repair does not happen efficiently, many additional mutations can occur in a cell and the cell is more likely to become cancerous. People with Lynch syndrome have a higher frequency of colon cancer. Because of this, NCCN guidelines recommend that all patients who are diagnosed with colon cancer be tested for Lynch Syndrome mutations. These guidelines also endorse that all endometrial tumors be tested for defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) in the tumor to identify which patients should consider testing for Lynch Syndrome.
Microsatellites short, repeated, sequences of DNA-naturally occur all over the genome. One measure of defective mismatch repair is changes in length of microsatellites. Sometimes cancer cells have an increased number of copies of these microsatellites (ie longer length of DNA sequence). Cancer cells with microsatellites that grow beyond their natural length are said to be “microsatellite instability high” (MSI-H); these cells may be unable to correct mistakes that occur when DNA is copied in the cell. Similar defective behavior can occur in cells that have many DNA mutations that can lead to cancer; these cells are said to be “mismatch repair deficient” (MMR-D).
Recently, immunotherapy (therapy that triggers a patient’s own immune system to fight disease) has been used successfully to treat MSI-H and/or MMR-D tumors. As a result, many advanced solid tumors are routinely tested for these features. However, the frequency of Lynch syndrome gene mutations in MSI-H/MMR-D tumors is unknown.
Alicia Latham Schwark, MD, from Memorial Sloan Kettering presented results of a study that looked at whether individual tumor characteristics (such as MSI-H and MMR-D states) can indicate which patients should be screened for Lynch syndrome gene mutations. She and her colleagues screened 15,045 tumors, including 50 different types of cancers, for microsatellite instability. Of these tumore, 2.2% were MSI-H. Germline mutations were identified in tumors that were MSI-stable (MSS-S) or intermediate (MSS-I), however germline mutations were significantly more common in the MSI-H group-16.3% (53 of 326 tumors).
Of all 1,025 MSI-H/MSI-I tumors reviewed, 25% were colorectal or endometrial cancers. In contrast ,among the MSI-H/MSI-I tumors that came from Lynch syndrome patients, 50% (33 of 66) were cancer types that were less commonly or not previously associated with Lynch syndrome (mesothelioma, sarcoma, adrenocortical, melanoma, ovarian germ cell).
Lynch syndrome patients with MSI-H/MSI-I non-colorectal/endometrial tumors only met standard genetic testing criteria for evaluating Lynch syndrome genes in 63.6% of cases. Of Lynch syndrome patients with non-MSI/I tumors, 78% had mutations in the MSH6 or PMS2 genes, but 71% of Lynch syndrome patients with MSI-H/MSI-I tumors had mutations in the MLH1, MSH2, or EPCAM genes.
MSI-H/MMR-D in many tumor types is predictive of Lynch syndrome. This suggests that there are more types of tumors associated with Lynch syndrome than previously suspected. In this study, nearly 40% of Lynch syndrome patients with MSI-H/MMR-D non-colorectal/non-endometrial tumors did not meet clinical criteria for genetic testing. This suggests that any tumor with MSI-H/MMR-D, regardless of cancer type or family history, should prompt germline testing for Lynch syndrome.
Help us achieve our goal of enrolling 15,000 people in HBOC Research.
Become a FORCE Research Advocate
The FORCE Research Advocate Training (FRAT) Program is a basic educational course aimed at preparing people to become engaged in research advocacy on behalf of the hereditary breast and ovarian cancer community.
The goal of the ABOUT network is to enroll as many Americans with HBOC risk as possible into our research registry and to collect information and real world health care experiences that can be used along with information from medical records to improve care for people with HBOC.
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What’s Wrong With Higher Education? “Ivory Tower” Dissects The Answer
A new documentary from the producers of Waiting For Superman shows how badly colleges “have lost their way about who and what they are.”
Still from Ivory Tower
By Ryan Bradley 6 minute Read
The most compelling moments in Ivory Tower, a documentary that debuted in theaters on Thursday, all surround Cooper Union, a historically free college that will, this fall, charge tuition for the first time in its 155-year-history. The standoff between student protesters and Cooper administrators boiled over into the occupation of president Jamshed Bharucha’s office, all of which played out during the making of the film. The footage of the standoff, inside the office, is incredible, and so, so depressing. The head of finance at Cooper comes in and says, “First let me say, I’d rather you just leave.” A member of the board comes in and explains, “The numbers are what they are, however they got there, that’s where they are.”
It’s crazy that we need a film to stoke outrage at the cost of higher education. Tuition has increased 1,200% in 30 years, a far faster rise in cost than any other good or service, including houses and food. Part of the problem is that the problem seems so persistent, the numbers so gargantuan, that it’s difficult to know where to even begin, much less go from here.
Hints of a better way forward, if not quite concrete solutions–as well as a healthy bit of outrage–can be found in Ivory Tower. It should come as little surprise, then, that the film comes out of Participant Media, which last dissected the education system in the controversial 2010 documentary Waiting for Superman. Think of Ivory Tower as an alarmist, buyer beware-type documentary, only the thing we’re buying has resulted in more than a trillion dollars in outstanding loans and left its average customer $25,000 in debt with zero guarantee of a job.
The story begins in the Ivy League, at Columbia and Harvard, where professors speak of a coming apocalypse. The system, you see, is broken, and it goes back to the very beginning of universities in America. Clayton Christensen, the famed Harvard Business School professor, explains how Harvard is really the “DNA of higher education,” and how, “as it passed that DNA down to everyone else, it created a race.” The race is for prestige, but how does a college build prestige? Not through the simple education of young people, but awards, which are almost never given for the ability to give a really great lecture.
We then hear from Mitchell Stevens, an education professor at Stanford, who calls higher ed “an extraordinarily effective, yet inefficient system.” We learn about how, as federal and state funding has gone down, and tuitions have gone up, far more of the cost is borne by the student (and parents) than ever before. To entice students (and parents, but mostly students) and gain prestige in a newfangled and silly way–those U.S. News and World Reports rankings–colleges have embarked on a totally insane spending spree. What follows is an incredible montage of the most beautiful student centers, poolside lounges, and plasma televisions I have ever witnessed. Oh, and climbing walls! Climbing wall after climbing wall after climbing wall. It’s a great metaphor, because on an indoor climbing wall, you’re truly going nowhere. You get to the top, only to belay down. Also: what does any of this have to do with education? Nothing, obviously, and that’s the problem.
Colleges “have lost their way about who and what they are” another professor says (the second most interesting aspect of Ivory Tower is just how much of the sharpest criticism of the system comes from within, from the professors themselves). To deal with this massive construction boom and the complex finances required to create it, universities have also embarked on a hiring spree, bringing on hordes of extremely well-compensated people who will never step foot in a classroom. Graduation rates are down, party schools are up, and still the administrators’ salaries rise.
Related Fast Company’s guide to the $10,000 Generation Flux college degree
After I watched Ivory Tower, I spoke with Andrew Rossi, the director. I wanted to know why he’d chosen to tackle this topic, especially because it doesn’t easily lend itself to film. When he set out to make this, he’d just finished Page One, a documentary about the inner workings of the New York Times and its media desk. Compared to the insular, character driven world of the Times, Ivory Tower is sprawling. But Rossi saw similarities. Our higher ed system was, he told me, like the newspaper industry. “So many people have a lot of negative things to say about media and higher ed, but at their core they add something extremely valuable to society,” he said. In both cases, he wanted to see, firsthand, what was working and what wasn’t. For Ivory Tower he knew he wanted to start at the beginning–Harvard–but from there, he and his crew followed many, many storylines, shot 500 hours of material, and a whole lot fell away.
There are small moments, however, of tremendous insight into the process of education, which hint at that way forward without picking one specific path. At Deep Springs, an all-male, two-year college in Death Valley, a professor and student argue about Hegel after class, and we witness a non-corporatized version of education. The professor is lightly bearded and wearing flannel, untucked. He asks the sort of questions that leave plenty of room for his student to puzzle through his own issues. This is education: learning how to learn. In a hacker house in San Francisco, we see the “uncollege” movement in action, and what’s striking is how similar to college it appears. There are young people throwing a football, hanging out, but they are doing their own dishes and “not living,” as Rossi told me, “on a billion dollar campus where someone cleans the bathroom.” This is also education: learning how to be a responsible person in the world.
Colleges “have lost their way about who and what they are” another professor says.
The most inspiring model comes at the very end, when Rossi visits Bunker Hill Community College and looks at “flip-classrooms,” in which students watch a lecture on their own time, away from school, and the class itself is a workshop. There’s far more focus on individual learning and one-on-one time between the instructor and student, but it also wouldn’t have been possible just a few years ago, before the online learning model took off–to a degree that the film, quite adeptly, interrogates and finds problematic. This hybrid model is entirely practical, inexpensive, and seems to be working.
Rossi said that his film will have succeeded if parents and prospective students go into the college application process thinking about schools differently, if they “reorient towards more important metrics” such as best four-year completion rates, most favorable student loan averages, rather than the football team or party scene. This is probably the best, most optimistic takeaway. My own was a bit bleaker.
Cooper Union president Bharucha says almost nothing during the standoff in his office. Then later, interviewed by the filmmakers, claims to have not understood the investments in hedge funds he signed off on inherited, which went bust. The money the university used for the investments was part of a $175 million dollar loan, much of which went to constructing a too-expensive building that Cooper didn’t need. They are now paying that back for about $10 million a year, which is what Cooper’s administrators claim necessitates charging tuition.
Near the end of the standoff a student rises and begins telling the adults just how blind they are, how they’re missing the point, the opportunity, and how they need to grow up. “This,” he says, “is a moment for this school to be the vision for higher education. It’s a historic position, and a historic moment.” The adults just grimace and leave the room, and later vote again to charge money for entry.
I'm a freelancer writer and editor. Previously, a senior editor at Fortune
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Washington, D.C. Travel Guide
Washington, D.C. >
Heurich House Museum
Washington, D.C. Sights
1307 New Hampshire Ave. NW Map It
House/Mansion/Villa
This opulent Romanesque Revival mansion, also known as the Brewmaster's Castle, was the home of Christian Heurich, a German immigrant who made his fortune in the beer business. Heurich's brewery was in Foggy Bottom, where the Kennedy Center stands today. During the late 19th century, he was the second-largest landowner and the largest private employer in the city. The building, a National Register of Historic Places landmark, is considered one of the most intact Victorian houses in the country, and all the furnishings were owned and used by the Heurichs. The interior is an eclectic gathering of plaster detailing, carved wooden doors, and painted ceilings. The downstairs Breakfast Room, which also served as Heurich's bierstube (or beer hall), is decorated like a Ratskeller and adorned with German sayings such as "A good drink makes old people young." Heurich must have taken proverbs seriously. He drank beer daily, had three wives, and lived to be 102.
1307 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20036, USA
Website: www.heurichhouse.org
Children under 10 not permitted
$$ | French
Hank's Oyster Bar
$$ | Seafood
$$$$ | American
Phillips Collection
American Revolution Institute of the Society of the Cincinnati
National Geographic Museum
Comfort Inn Downtown D.C
$$ | Practical Base
Homewood Suites by Hilton, Washington
$$$ | Practical Base
Akwaaba DC
$ | Design
The Dupont Circle Hotel
$$$ | Design
See all sights in Washington, D.C.
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Midwifing China Inc.
By Helene Franchineau
At school in the U.S. Midwest in 1970 Laura Cha Shih May-lung was forced to attend class with a wet towel packed in her bag, just in case there was tear gas on the way and she would have to cover her face.
Arriving at the University of Wisconsin from Hong Kong as a liberal arts major, Cha found herself in a hotbed of anti-Vietnam War protests. It wasn't what she expected, and it definitely impacted her life. "It was a completely new experience for me and for all the other Asians," she says. "It opened our eyes to seeing the world from a different perspective and a different culture." Cha says her unforgettable four years at school didn't really influence her job choices, but that "different perspective" paved the way for a career that spans decades and industries, as well as both the public and private sectors. Now, at 61, she is one of Asia's most influential businesswomen.
Over the years she has sat on the boards of directors of major companies from China Telecom to India's Tata Consultancy Services and global banking giant HSBC, where she is currently a nonexecutive deputy chairman and a director. Her career achievements have gone hand in hand with a philanthropic focus on education. Until mid-September she served as chairwoman of Hong Kong's University Grants Committee, which gives advice on the funding of the territory's eight public universities.
But Cha really made her mark as a regulator in Hong Kong and China. After a career break in the 1970s to give birth to two children and obtain a law degree from Santa Clara University, she first worked for Pillsbury, Madison and Sutro in San Francisco and then Coudert Brothers in Hong Kong, both American law firms. In 1991 she was recruited by the Hong Kong Securities & Futures Commission. Her original contract was for 30 months, "But the work at the SFC was so interesting and challenging that I stayed for ten years," she says.
That work involved setting up a framework for Chinese state-owned companies to float their shares on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange. Tsingtao, China's largest brewery, was the first to list in 1993. The company issued 317.6 million so-called H shares, raising $115.5 million. In 2006 Bank of China listed in Hong Kong, raising $9.69 billion. At that time it was the largest IPO in the world since 2000 and the fourth largest ever.
Opening up to Chinese companies transformed the Hong Kong market. "Little did we know that today, in 2011, it would be dominated by Chinese companies," says Cha. At the end of 2010, 592 mainland companies were listed in the territory, accounting for 57% of total market capitalization, or $1.531 trillion, according to Hong Kong Exchanges & Clearing, or HKEx, operator of the Hong Kong Stock Exchange.
Cha, who remains a director on the exchange's board, firmly believes Hong Kong has a paramount role to play within China. "A lot of things happen in our market that cannot happen on the mainland. The Hong Kong Stock Exchange raises funds for Chinese companies. It is not possible in Shanghai because the Chinese currency is not fully convertible and the government does not allow foreign investors into the market."
In her role as a regulator Cha became known as the "Iron Lady." "She has strong principles, sets clear goals and follows through until they are achieved," says Mark Dickens, director of listing at HKEx and a former colleague of Cha's at the SFC.
In one example Cha's team stood up to Jardine Matheson, a venerable trading house with roots stretching back to colonial Britain. In the early 1990s Jardine Matheson asked Hong Kong regulators to exempt the company from the takeover and mergers code. The group feared for its interests after the handover of Hong Kong to China in 1997. Cha did not personally make the recommendation to refuse the exemption, but as then head of the SFC's corporate finance division she would have played a key role.
After the SFC's decision five companies in the Jardine group delisted from the exchange. Even though the group accounted for about 10% of the stock market capitalization at the time, HKEx's Dickens says, "The reaction in Hong Kong was very positive because we stood firm to show that Hong Kong could be an international financial center with principles." He says Cha wanted to make the point that Hong Kong would brook no interference from either China or the U.K. He remembers her using the term, "Without fear, without favor."
David Webb, a shareholder activist in Hong Kong and a former director of the HKEx, says Cha's team was not being especially tough in refusing the Jardine group's request. He says, "It would have been outrageous to grant the exemption given that these companies had such a large shareholder base in Hong Kong."
In 2001 Cha moved to the China Securities Regulatory Commission, the mainland regulatory body. As its vice chairman she was the first nonmainlander to serve the central government of the People's Republic of China at the vice ministerial level. She introduced corporate governance reforms to "raise the level of quality of the professionals in the market." That included requiring company boards to devote a third of their seats to independent directors and introducing a qualifying exam for sponsors of initial public offerings. "It was intended to screen off those who had scant knowledge of what sponsorship was about," Cha explains.
While at the CSRC Cha contributed most of her salary to an education and training fund for staff. "It was very noble of her," says Gao Xiqing, vice chairman and president of China Investment Corp., the sovereign wealth fund that manages China's foreign-exchange reserves. He first met Cha in 1985 at Coudert Brothers and was also a colleague at the CSRC.
When Cha resigned from the CSRC in 2004 she replaced the training fund with scholarships she endowed at Yale University's School of Management and the London School of Economics' law department. Both are aimed at students from mainland China with financial needs. "In China people have this desire, this hunger for exposure. They want to learn from the West and see what the world is like," she says.
Cha says she left the CSRC because she felt her job was done and also because she "wanted to come home" to Hong Kong. In 2004 she was appointed a nonofficial member of the Executive Council, the territory's policy-making body. She is also one of the region's delegates to the 11th National People's Congress, which runs until 2013.
Cha's diplomatic skills have likely helped her to navigate Hong Kong's unique political system. HKEx's Dickens says Cha is "very effective at gaining support and consensus by respecting different views and interests."
Balancing a high-powered career and private life with two children has not been easy. "It took good time management and a lot of juggling to manage the kids while I pursued my career," Cha admits. Wei Sun Christianson, Asia Pacific co-CEO and China CEO of Morgan Stanley, says Cha has been a "consistent supporter of women in the workplace and sensitive to the challenges female employees may face."
For Cha there is no secret formula. "Everybody has a different experience. Young professional women need to decide for themselves when is the right time for what. Yes, you can have everything, but maybe not at the same time."
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Missile Defense Becomes A Navy Mission
Loren Thompson Senior Contributor
Business in the Beltway Contributor Group
I write about national security, especially its business dimensions.
The USS Monterey. Image via Wikipedia
Earlier this month, the cruiser USS Monterey entered the Mediterranean Sea on a new mission. The Monterey was built three decades ago at the Bath Iron Works in Maine, but it is equipped with an improved version of Lockheed Martin's Aegis combat system that enables it to intercept the kinds of ballistic missiles Iran's radical Islamic government has been developing. Once on station, it will be the first visible manifestation of the Obama Administration's commitment to defend local allies against attacks by those missiles. Other warships will follow, and then a newer version of the Aegis system will be deployed ashore in Eastern Europe. The U.S. Navy will thus become the lead service in implementing America's missile defense strategy -- a development few observers could have predicted a decade ago.
The March arrival of the Monterey in the eastern Med is a good time to take stock of how the U.S. missile defense program has changed over time, and consider the way in which changing threats and technologies have transformed the role of the Navy in missile defense from that of a disinterested bystander to a key player. Although critics sometimes question the value of having a globally deployed fleet of warships, missile defense is one area where forward presence and unfettered mobility have proven to be increasingly important. But to understand why the Navy now looks uniquely suited to meeting missile defense needs, it is instructive to go back to the earliest days of the program, and trace how those needs have changed over time.
When Russia launched the Sputnik satellite in 1957, it wasn't the prospect that cosmonauts might beat American astronauts into space that worried Washington. What had policymakers panicked was the prospect that America's main Cold War adversary would use the same rocket technology to develop a force of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) against which the Pentagon had no defense. Up to that point, military planners had been focused mainly on the Russian bomber threat, but after Sputnik fears of a "bomber gap" were quickly replaced by fears of a "missile gap" that reshaped U.S. security priorities. Policymakers knew America needed its own force of long-range missiles to deter a Russian attack, but deterrence was a new idea so they also wanted to have the protection provided by real defenses. The Air Force and Navy were assigned most of the responsibility for the offensive part of the nuclear mission, and the Army got most of the responsibility for the defenses.
The reason why the Army ended up in charge of strategic defenses (to use Cold War military parlance) was mainly bureaucratic. When the Air Force became independent from the Army in 1947, the latter service retained lead responsibility for ground-based air defenses -- which at the time consisted primarily of anti-aircraft artillery. Artillery was gradually replaced by tactical missiles in the defensive role, but the Air Force was too busy building a fleet of long-range bombers and supersonic fighters to be bothered with ground-based air defenses, while Army troops had a clear need for such defenses. So when the need for defenses against ballistic missiles arose, it was logical to give the job to the Army. The Navy became interested in such defenses for its ships later, but in the 1950s there was no practical way for Russia to target U.S. warships at sea with ballistic missiles, so the sea service too had other priorities.
The Army developed a series of missile defense schemes over the following two decades with names like Nike-Zeus, Sentinel and Safeguard, but they all ran into fundamental design challenges caused by the fearsome effects of nuclear weapons. With thousands of warheads in the Russian arsenal and only a handful required to cause unprecedented destruction, it seemed impossible to develop the kind of near-perfect defenses required to mitigate the effects of a nuclear attack. And the decision of U.S. military planners to rely on nuclear warheads for their defensive missiles as a way of improving the prospects for successful interception raised a host of political and practical questions -- like whether explosions from intercepting the first wave of attackers would blind U.S. radars to subsequent waves. In 1972, the Nixon Administration gave up on the mission, signing an Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with Moscow that (with subsequent modifications) limited each side to 100 land-based interceptors at a single site.
The one site the Army built -- in North Dakota to protect ICBM fields -- was shut down by Congress after a few months of operation, and from that point on America's survival in the nuclear age depended on the threat of retaliation and the good sense of Soviet leaders. But that was not a comfortable situation for a country that had always enjoyed the security of geographical insularity in the past. Republicans in particular felt that substituting the threat of mass murder for real defenses was dangerous and immoral. President Ronald Reagan spoke to those concerns in March of 1983 when he surprised the nation by proposing a "strategic defense initiative" that would use space-based sensors and laser weapons to stop any nuclear attack, no matter how big. At that point, much of the action in missile defense shifted to the Air Force, which was the lead service for military uses of space. Not coincidentally, the first commander of the newly-created Strategic Defense Initiative Organization was an Air Force general. Most of the commanders who followed were too, as the agency changed its name twice to become today's Missile Defense Agency.
Reagan's missile defense plans were controversial from day one, but what really did them in was the waning of the nuclear threat when the Russian imperium collapsed shortly after he left office. As Russia and its former satellites transitioned to democratic governments, the need for strategic defenses against countries that were no longer America's ideological enemies became unclear. The Clinton Administration transformed the missile defense program it inherited from Reagan and successor George H. W. Bush into a limited defense against "rogue states" like North Korea, and then proceeded to starve it for funding. Cancellation of most of the space systems associated with the Reagan-era program led the Air Force to lose interest. However, during the closing years of Clinton's presidency it became clear that both ballistic missile technology and nuclear weapons were being pursued by a number of radical governments, so missile defense was getting renewed attention even before Republicans recovered control of the White House.
It was at this point that the role of the U.S. Navy in missile defense plans began to grow -- thanks, ironically, to its possession of a sea-based combat system called Aegis that had debuted only weeks before Reagan proposed his strategic defense initiative in 1983. At its inception in the late 1960s, Aegis was conceived as an integrated system of computers, radars and missiles for defeating hostile aircraft at sea. The name may originally have been an acronym for "advanced electronically guided interceptor system," but it more commonly is associated with the legendary shield that the Greek god Zeus carried for protection. The Navy built two classes of warships around the Aegis combat system, beginning with the Ticonderoga class of cruisers in the 1980s and then the Arleigh Burke class of destroyers in the 1990s. The two classes were by far the best defended warships that ever went to sea, products of a revolution in information technology in which the Navy took an early interest.
Aegis wasn't initially intended to be part of a national defense against ballistic missiles, but by the end of the 1990s the Navy had good reason to be concerned about the proliferation of such missiles to potentially hostile littoral states. Countries such as Iraq, Iran, China and North Korea were either developing such missiles or already had them, and as time went by both the range and the accuracy of the missiles possessed by the most unpredictable states was improving. Some countries, like China, were also acquiring the means to track U.S. warships at sea. So the U.S. Navy began developing upgrades to Aegis that would enable it to defend against the most widely proliferated ballistic missiles, which were relatively short-range and slow in speed -- in other words, targets that a system originally developed for dealing with aircraft might be able to address through relatively modest upgrades. The advent of new technologies like hit-to-kill missile seekers and advanced signal processors greatly increased the defensive potential of the system while reducing the danger of collateral damage.
The real turning point for the Navy in missile defense, though, came when President George W. Bush withdrew America from the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty with Russia in 2002. All the legal constraints that had prevented use of sea-based systems in missile defense schemes disappeared, and engineers could begin thinking about exploiting the full operational potential of the Aegis combat system. One result was that Raytheon was able to develop a new version of the Standard Missile used by the Navy for air defense engagements designated the SM-3 that was designed specifically to intercept ballistic targets. A series of upgrades to the missile in the years ahead will gradually increase its accuracy, agility and reach, enabling it to cope with a growing range of ballistic missiles, even fast-moving systems with intercontinental ranges. Multiple upgrades to the Aegis system are now progressing in parallel, with missiles, radars and computers all being improved in a series of increasingly capable increments that could one day make Aegis warships vital to defense not only of overseas allies and deployed forces, but also the continental United States.
Raytheon will have to compete with other companies for the right to build the more capable later versions of the Standard Missile, including Aegis integrator Lockheed Martin. However, its baseline version of the interceptor is already quite capable, which is why the Navy will conduct a test this spring to see how it fares against a Trident ballistic missile flying a longer, faster trajectory than the service currently is postured to counter. A series of increasingly demanding flight tests have demonstrated just how versatile the Aegis system is, achieving an 84 percent success rate that far surpasses the performance of other systems in the planned missile defense network. It is worth noting in that regard that the Aegis warships participating in the tests and technology upgrades are operational assets involved in a wide array of other roles even as they come to dominate the missile defense mission area. While it will still make sense to have multiple layers of defense against hostile missiles in which Aegis is only part of the solution, at present it is the part of the solution that looks most cost-effective.
It is also the most politically palatable response to the proliferation of ballistic missile technology among potential aggressor nations. In 2009, the Obama Administration killed plans to build a European version of the ground-based missile defense system already deployed in California and Alaska because of political controversy -- including threats against host nations from Russia. It opted instead to use Aegis technology for a defense of European and other regional allies against the ballistic missiles Iran is fielding. The USS Monterey's foray into the Mediterranean Sea is the first Navy mission implementing the revised plan, one that will be followed by a continuous sea-based missile defense capability in the region and a shore-based deployment of Aegis technology in Romania beginning in 2015. The White House plan, referred to as the Phased Adaptive Approach, calls for protecting an increasingly broad swath of Europe in four successive stages through 2020 as Aegis missiles, computers and radars become more capable.
A key feature of the current plan is to net together Aegis with other overhead and surface-based systems so that the overall architecture not only affords multiple layers of protection, but also maximizes the utility of each element. For instance, once all the sensors are inter-netted, a Standard Missile on the USS Monterey will be able to engage attackers beyond the targeting range of the warship's radar. By the same token, indications of hostile missile launches picked up by the ship's radar can be fed into a global tracking system to facilitate intercepts even when the ship's own missiles are out of range from the threat. Such flexibility is possible because the Navy operates a forward-deployed fleet around the world that can be relocated without regard to political boundaries as threat conditions change. That fact -- a key advantage of maritime forces since their inception -- explains why the U.S. Navy is well on its way to being the lead service in U.S. missile defense plans.
I focus on the strategic, economic and business implications of defense spending as the Chief Operating Officer of the non-profit Lexington Institute and Chief Executive...
Business in the Beltway
We write about business news from the nation's capital with a focus on taxes, budgets and fiscal policy.
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Note To Joe Stiglitz: Banks Originate, Not Intermediate, And That's Why Aggregate Demand Is Stuffed
Steve Keen Contributor
I like Joe Stiglitz, both professionally and personally. His Globalization and its Discontents was virtually the only work by a Nobel Laureate economist that I cited favourably in my Debunking Economics, because he had the courage to challenge the professional orthodoxy on the “Washington Consensus”. Far more than most in the economics mainstream—like Ken Rogoff for example—Joe is capable of thinking outside its box.
But Joe’s latest public contribution—“The Great Malaise Continues” on Project Syndicate—simply echoes the mainstream on a crucial point that explains why the US economy is at stall speed, which the mainstream simply doesn’t get.
NEW YORK, NY - SEPTEMBER 28: Joseph Stiglitz, Professor, Columbia University speaks on stage at the Escalators of Opportunity session during the third day of the 2015 Clinton Global Initiative's Annual Meeting at the Sheraton New York Hotel & Towers on September 28, 2015 in New York City. (Photo by JP Yim/Getty Images)
Joe correctly notes that “the world faces a deficiency of aggregate demand”, and attributes this to both “growing inequality and a mindless wave of fiscal austerity”, neither of which I dispute. But then he adds that part of the problem is that “our banks … are not fit to fulfill their purpose” because “they have failed in their essential function of intermediation”:
Between long-term savers (for example, sovereign wealth funds and those saving for retirement) and long-term investment in infrastructure stands our short-sighted and dysfunctional financial sector…
Former US Federal Reserve Board Chairman Ben Bernanke once said that the world is suffering from a “savings glut.” That might have been the case had the best use of the world’s savings been investing in shoddy homes in the Nevada desert. But in the real world, there is a shortage of funds; even projects with high social returns often can’t get financing.
I’m the last one to defend banks, but here Joe is quite wrong: the banks have very good reasons not to “fulfil their purpose” today, because that purpose is not what Joe thinks it is. Banks don’t “intermediate loans”, they “originate loans”, and they have every reason not to originate right now.
In effect, Joe is complaining that banks aren’t doing what economics textbooks say they should do. But those textbooks are profoundly wrong about the actual functioning of banks, and until the economics profession gets its head around this and why it matters, then the economy will be stuck in the Great Malaise that Joe is hoping to lift us out of.
The argument that banks merely intermediate between savers and investors leads the mainstream to a manifestly false conclusion: that the level of private debt today is too low, because too little private debt is being created right now. In reality, the level of private debt is way too high, and that’s why so little lending is occurring.
I can make the case empirically for non-economists pretty easily, thanks to an aside that Joe makes in his article. He observes that when WWII ended, many economists feared that there would be a period of stagnation:
Others, harking back to the profound pessimism after the end of World War II, fear that the global economy could slip into depression, or at least into prolonged stagnation.
In fact, the period from 1945 till 1965 is now regarded as the “Golden Age of Capitalism”. There was a severe slump initially as the economy changed from a war footing to a private one, but within 3 years, that transition was over and the US economy prospered—growing by as much as 10% in real terms in some years (see Figure 1). The average from 1945 till 1965 was growth at 2.8% a year. In contrast, the average rate of economic growth since 2008 to today is precisely zero.
Figure 1: US Real GDP growth from 1945-1965 vs 2008 till now
I argue that a major reason for this unexpected Post-War turn of events was that credit expanded rapidly in the post-WWII period, and this provided a source of aggregate demand that economists back then hadn’t factored into their thinking—and as Joe shows, they’re still not doing it today. Credit grew more than 10% per year on average, fuelling an insatiable aggregate demand that drove the economy forward. In contrast, credit growth since 2008 has averaged a mere 1.4% per year—see Figure 2.
Figure 2: Rapid Post-WWII credit expansion versus anemic growth in credit today
This might seem to support Joe’s argument that banks today aren’t “fit for purpose”, whereas in the post-WWII period they were—and that’s why we are experiencing “The Great Malaise” now, rather than another “Golden Age of Capitalism”.
But there’s a factor that Joe ignores (along with the rest of the economics mainstream) because the “banks are intermediaries between savers and investors” model tells him that it doesn’t matter: the level of private debt relative to GDP. Today, private debt is more than 4 times what it was in 1945—and at its peak in 2009, it was more than 5 times the 1945 level (see Figure 3). That’s why banks aren’t lending today, and that’s why aggregate demand is growing so slowly. The only way to get out of the “Great Malaise” is to bring this level of private debt down—without reducing aggregate demand in the process (and without anything as catastrophic as WWII either).
Figure 3: US Private debt today is more than 4 times as high as it was in 1945
As I noted above, that’s probably enough to convince non-economists, but it won’t persuade Joe or the economics mainstream. Their riposte would be “why does the level of private debt matter?”—after all, that’s what Ben Bernanke, another mainstream economic guru, effectively said to Irving Fisher when he dismissed Fisher’s idea that debt-deflation caused the Great Depression:
Fisher's idea was less influential in academic circles, though, because of the counterargument that debt-deflation represented no more than a re-distribution from one group (debtors) to another (creditors). Absent implausibly large differences in marginal spending propensities among the groups, it was suggested, pure redistributions should have no significant macro-economic effects. (Bernanke, Essays on The Great Depression, page 24)
According to the mainstream, the rate of growth of debt is generally irrelevant to macroeconomics, because lending simply redistributes spending power from savers to investors—it doesn’t create spending power in its own right. What matters is that socially useful projects are funded which then fuel economic growth. How much private debt changes every year is simply a side-effect of getting money from savers who don’t spend, to investors who do. And huge changes can occur in the level of private debt without any impact on the rate of economic growth.
For decades now, a handful of rebel economists have been disputing this—including me of course, but going back to Irving Fisher and even earlier, and including modern non-mainstream economists like Stephanie Kelton (who now advises Bernie Sanders), and University of Southampton Professor Richard Werner. Oh, and a guy named Hyman Minsky too, whom the mainstream ignored until the 2008 crisis. But the mainstream ignored us before the crisis, and continues to ignore us after it, because their “banks as intermediaries” model tells them that we are just spouting nonsense.
We’re not, of course: the ordinary public tends to get that, and even The Bank of England has come out and said that it’s the mainstream that is spouting nonsense, not the rebels. But the mainstream rejects our analysis out of hand, because their model tells them that it’s OK to do so.
This wouldn’t matter if we could ignore the mainstream of the economics profession, but we can’t, because they are the key individuals who influence the economic policies that are actually put in place by politicians. Keynes understood this very well in his day, noting that “the world is ruled by little else”:
“The ideas of economists and political philosophers, both when they are right and when they are wrong are more powerful than is commonly understood. Indeed, the world is ruled by little else. Practical men, who believe themselves to be quite exempt from any intellectual influences, are usually slaves of some defunct economist.” (Keynes, General Theory 1936)
If the mainstream is wrong on this point—and they are very wrong—then there’s no chance of politicians doing what is needed to overcome “The Great Malaise” (especially if the best remedy also challenges vested interests, which it surely does). So how to persuade the mainstream that, despite their Nobel Prizes, they might just be wrong?
One way, I thought, might be to develop a dynamic version of the mainstream “banks as intermediaries” model in my Minsky software, and show the mainstream that, if it is true that banks are just intermediaries, then they are right: the level of private debt doesn’t matter. But if banks do more than intermediate—if they in fact originate loans—then the level of private debt matters a great deal.
Figure 4 shows a run of the mainstream model where the rates of lending and repayment are varied. There is some change in GDP as a result, and some correlation of change in debt to the level of GDP, but in both cases these are relatively trivial: GDP sticks at $200 million a year for a 300-year-long simulation (because there’s no money creation in this model), and the correlation coefficient between the level of GDP and change in private debt is a relatively insignificant 0.2.
Figure 4: The mainstream model where debt doesn't matter
The story is very different for the second model. The only difference between the two is that banks originate loans in this second model: rather than “intermediating” between savers and investors, they “originate”, by creating loans as assets on one side of their accounting ledger, and creating deposits (that their customers can spend) as liabilities on the other side.
Firstly, nominal GDP rises from $200 million to $600 million over the 25 years of the simulation—rather than remaining effectively constant for centuries as in the mainstream model (since there is growth in the money supply in this model: loans create deposits, which are the dominant form that money takes in our modern economy). Secondly, the correlation between the level of GDP and the debt ratio is 0.97: GDP booms when debt rises, and slumps when it falls.
Figure 5: The rebel model where debt matters a great deal
Of course, the real world is a far more complex place than this or any other economic model, and there are many other factors on which borrowed money can be spent in the real world than in this simple model. But for the last decade, I have been figuratively turning blue in the face showing similarly staggering real-world correlations between change in debt and macroeconomic variables—such as the minus 0. 65 correlation between change in private debt and the level of US unemployment since 1980 (see Figure 6), and the minus 0.82 correlation between the acceleration of private debt and the change in US unemployment (see Figure 7).
Figure 6: Change in private debt & level of unemployment (Correlation coefficient -0.65)
Figure 7: Acceleration of private debt and change in unemployment (Correlation coefficient -0.82)
In any genuine science, empirical data like this would have forced the orthodoxy to rethink its position. But in economics, the profession has sailed on, blithely unaware of how their model of “banks as intermediaries between savers and investors” is seriously wrong, and now blinds them to the remedy for the crisis as it previously blinded them to the possibility of a crisis occurring.
A wit once defined an economist as someone who, when shown that something works in practice, replies “Ah! But does it work in theory?”
Well, here is a theory, with two models—one in which banks are just intermediaries, the other in which they originate loans—which show that bank lending matters in theory, as well as clearly mattering in practice (download and install Minsky if you’d like to check them out).
So Joe, can you please ditch the mainstream on “Banks as intermediaries” as you once ditched the mainstream on the Washington Consensus? Then help us develop the only real solution to the Great Malaise: a Modern Debt Jubilee as I call it, or People’s Quantitative Easing as others call it, to reduce the private debt burden without causing a Depression? Because if we don’t, no amount of exhorting banks to “Intermediate” will end the drought in credit growth that is the real cause of The Great Malaise.
I am Professor of Economics at Kingston University London and a prominent critic of conventional economics. Economics has come under challenge from pundits, the public a...
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Wheatgrass: Hype or Health Elixir?
Have you ever been tempted to spend money on a hot health trend merely because it’s everywhere you look and everyone else seems to be jumping on the bandwagon? Yeah, that’s hype and the power of marketing.
The enthusiasm surrounding wheatgrass could be hype or it could be legitimate. It first became popular in the 1930s (and before that in ancient Egypt), so it’s not like it’s a new craze.
But whether or not you need to spend an additional $3 for a shot of it in your smoothie shouldn’t be based on how long it’s been around, how popular it is or how pretty it looks growing in the window of your juice bar.
It’s very likely wheatgrass could provide additional health benefits to your juice or smoothie—it’s loaded with valuable nutrients. But the evidence is lacking, so if you decide to jump on this bandwagon, make sure you do so fully informed about what wheatgrass can and can’t do.
TL;DR What You Need to Know
Wheatgrass is a tender, bright green plant. You’ve likely seen it growing at your local juice bar or health food store.
You can buy it fresh in some specialty markets, dried and powdered online, as an addition to your smoothie or juice at a bar or grow it yourself.
There are many health benefits attributed to wheatgrass, largely because of its nutritional potency.
Wheatgrass contains very high levels of chlorophyll—the compound that gives plants their green color—but also contains vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
Most of the research on the benefits of wheatgrass is limited in scope and quality.
Some studies suggest it could be beneficial in everything from diabetes management to lowering cholesterol.
Wheatgrass benefits have yet to be proven unique to this specific plant, and there’s a good chance you can get many of the same perks from other bright green vegetables.
What Is Wheatgrass?
Wheatgrass is a cereal grass like oat grass or barley grass. It’s the first thing that comes out of the ground when you grow common wheat. These tender, bright green blades are harvested when they’re just several inches high for use in dietary supplements and products.
You can buy wheatgrass online in dried and powdered, and capsule form. You can also buy it fresh at many health food stores or grow it yourself at home. Finally, you can find wheatgrass in just about any juice or smoothie shop, as it’s a top choice among “health nuts”.
OK. But What’s IN Wheatgrass?
Wheatgrass is packed full of nutrients, particularly considering people normally consume it in one-ounce shots, often added to their smoothie. Just how much of these nutrients are in a single shot depends on where you look.
Websites touting the “miracle benefits” of wheatgrass are far more likely to have higher numbers than others, and the USDA’s nutritional database does not include a complete entry for non-branded wheatgrass juice.
Further, the exact measurements of the contents of wheatgrass are dependent on how the plant is grown and when it is harvested.
What we do know, without a doubt, is wheatgrass contains vitamins such as vitamin E, C, A (beta carotene) and the harder-to-find B12. It contains minerals such as phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc and potassium. It contains a lengthy list of phytochemicals and a solid amount of chlorophyll—the pigment that gives plants their green color.
It’s largely the antioxidants and chlorophyll in wheatgrass that are credited with its many reported benefits.
What Can Wheatgrass Do for Me?
Here’s where things get tricky. The truth is, there’s nothing really definitive out there suggesting wheatgrass’ benefits.
While there are several studies on the various worthwhile benefits of wheatgrass, very few have actually been conducted on humans. Most of the research done on wheatgrass has been done in labs, with droppers and beakers, and no human ingestion.
Does this mean wheatgrass isn’t good for you? Not by far. However, it does suggest that some claims about its benefits are not wholly proven.
For example, chlorophyll that slows cancer cell growth in a test tube doesn’t necessarily mean wheatgrass, a potent source of chlorophyll, will cure cancer when taken in one ounce shots as part of a daily smoothie.
But many of these studies do point to the need for more research, as promising results in the lab could lead to promising results in humans.
That said, here are some things wheatgrass is alleged to treat:
Inflammation. Normally, inflammation is a healthy response to injury or illness. It helps the body heal. But when your body doesn’t get a break from this response, as in chronic inflammation, it can be damaging. Chronic inflammation is believed to contribute to numerous diseases including cancer, heart disease and diabetes. Two studies in particular suggest wheatgrass could be beneficial in fighting inflammation. However, neither were conducted on humans and both used only one component from the wheatgrass—chlorophyll.
Cancer. One of the loftiest claims about wheatgrass is that it can fight cancer. However, there are no studies that confirm it as a cancer fighting dietary inclusion.
Still, a few laboratory studies have shown a need for additional research. One, published in 2015, showed wheatgrass extract to inhibit the growth of colon cancer cells. Another study, from 2017, had similar results when wheatgrass extract slowed the growth of a certain type of oral cancer cell.
Diabetes. The primkary source of evidence when discussing wheatgrass and diabetes is a 2016 study performed on rats. According to the researchers, wheatgrass had hypoglycemic effects—increasing insulin and decreasing blood sugar levels, similar to the effects of drugs used to treat type 2 diabetes.
Digestive disorders. One of the more widely purported benefits of wheatgrass is its positive effects on digestion and digestive ailments, such as diarrhea. However, there is little to no evidence of these benefits.
It’s true, however, that fiber-rich plant foods can help regulate digestion, though this isn’t unique to wheatgrass.
One 2002 study looked specifically at the effects of wheatgrass on ulcerative colitis. It was a small study, with just 20 participants, but the researchers found improvements among those taking wheatgrass when compared with those who didn’t.
Cholesterol. Animal studies have suggested wheatgrass may be beneficial in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Both a 2010 study on rabbits and another 2011 study on rats had positive outcomes, though science has yet to recreate this in humans.
Wheatgrass Alternatives
The potential benefits found in wheatgrass aren’t necessarily unique to wheatgrass. Other foods with similar nutritional makeups can provide many of the same potential benefits. Other plants rich in antioxidants and chlorophyll fit the bill. These may include:
Salad sprouts (alfalfa, broccoli, etc.)
Matcha (green tea powder)
Include these nutritionally potent greens in your smoothies and salads as often as possible, as they too are loaded with nutrients.
Bottomline: Does Wheatgrass Work?
Wheatgrass is a tender young plant loaded with nutritional value. The presence of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and chlorophyll all make it a good addition to your diet. However, the full potential of wheatgrass is yet unknown—most of the existing research falls short of hard proof that it has groundbreaking health effects in humans. Still, like many other plants, wheatgrass can add value to a healthy diet and potentially help you maintain overall health and wellness.
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(058)44055
Gold Coast Golf Club
Ballinacourty, Dungarvan,
Co. Waterford.
The Golf Course
Membership Fees 2018/19
Green Fees 2018/19
Gold Coast Notes 19th Nov
Gold Coast Golf Club Notes 19th November 2018:
Yes, it’s that time of year again when we all look forward to the festive season once again. It is also the time when we think of the people who will struggle over this period and here in the Gold Coast our members have always been exceptionally generous in donating to the Lions Christmas Appeal, an appeal that helps the ‘less well off’ with vouchers for food and fuel. The Lions week will take place from Monday 4th to Sunday 9th December and every cent contributed during that week will go directly to the appeal.
There will also be the usual raffle for a Hamper for 1st prize, a turkey for 2nd prize and a ham for 3rd prize. Our outgoing Captain, Tim O’Driscoll, has once again sponsored the hamper, for which we are truly grateful. Tickets for this raffle can be purchased in the kiosk at €2 a strip or 3 strips for €5.
Vice-Captain and Vice-President:
John White is the Vice-Captain and Brian Dunbar is the Vice-President for 2019. Bob O’Brien will act as PRO on the new committee.
John White Carpentry Winter League.
Once again huge entries this week and some fantastic scores being brought in by all teams. One of the highlights of the week went to Andy Travers, who hit his second shot from 155 yards into the hole on the 15th for an eagle. In the first 3 weeks of the league 352 games has been played which is up on last year. Good to see players taking advantage of the weather at present.
Dunhill lead the table with 418 pts, Copper Coast are in 2nd spot with 409 pts, Ballinacourty climb to 3rd spot with 405 pts, Tourneena are in 4th spot with 404 pts, Deise and Dungarvan both have 387 pts and Abbeyside have 380. But thes scores are only indicative of an early trend and a true indication of the table will not happen until most of the players have their ten games in.
SOCIETIES AND GREENFEES WELCOME
Gold Coast Golf Club warmly welcome Societies and Green fees and we look
forward to greeting you and your guests and friends in 2019.
Here at the Gold Coast our golf course is maintained in excellent
condition, with our greens offering superb playability and presentation
With our top quality golf course, spectacular scenery, comfortable
surroundings in our hotel bar and restaurant, a warm and friendly
welcome awaits our visitors.
Our society rates are very competitive for 2019 and our Director of Golf
Irene Lynch is available to provide advice and assistance to the
Organisers of outings and Classics. Contact Irene on 05844055 or
goldcoastgolf@cablesurf.com for favourable rates and to discuss your
booking requirements. We aim to ensure that all our visitors enjoy
their day with us and we look forward to making your outing in 2019 a
memorable one.
EVERY TUESDAY OPEN GENTS & LADIES SENIORS
Every Tuesday at the Gold Coast we host our popular Open Seniors (50+)
Gents and Ladies Singles competition. Visitor Entry is 12 euro or Golf
and Carvery 20 euro. For bookings visit our club website
www.goldcoatsgolfclub.com or phone 058 44055.
EVERY FRIDAY OPEN GENTS SINGLES
Every Friday at the Gold Coast we host an Open Gents Singles Stableford
competition. Visitor Entry is 15 euro or Golf and Carvery 25 euro. For
bookings visit our club website www.goldcoastgolfclub.com or phone 058
MEMBERSHIP RATES & INTRODUCTORY OFFERS FOR MEMBERS
Gold Coast Golf Club has very attractive membership rates for members.
For information on Full and Over 65 subscriptions including our special
introductory offers for new members contact Irene on 058 44055.
FIXTURES:
Monday 19th Nov–Friday 23rd Nov: Rd 4 Winter League
Tuesday: 20th November: Open Seniors, Ladies & Gents 50+
Friday 23rd November: Open Gents 18 holes Singles.
Saturday 24th Nov- Sunday 25th Nov: Rd 5 Winter League
Tuesday 13th November Open Seniors
1st: Andy Travers (15) 41pts
Friday 16th November: Open 18 Hole Singles
1st Peter McGuire Cahir Park (16) 39pts
Monday 13th Nov – Fri 16th Nov Wk 3 Winter League 18 Holes singles CSS
1st Willie Flavin (15) 42pts
2nd John Hughes (12) 42pts
Gross Michael White (0) 38pts
3rd Andy Travers (15) 41pts
Sat. 17th & Sun. 18th November Wk 4 Winter League 18 Holes Singles, CSS
1st: Joe Meade (19) 44pts
Cat (0-7): John White (6) 40pts
Cat (8-13): Brian O’Connor (8) 39pts
Cat (14-18): John McArthur (15) 43pts
Cat (19+): John Queally (21) 40pts
LADIES NOTES
10 Hole On-going Ham Competition
13 Hole 2 card Competition sponsored by Dalton Jewellers running to 15th Dec
9 Hole on-going for beginners
Winter League Rd. 2
1st Eilo Fitzgerald (24) 23pts
2nd Margaret Mulhearne (30) 21pts
3rd Bridget Walsh (15) 21pts
Christmas Fun Day
Our Christmas Fun Day takes place on Sunday 9th Dec and will be a team event to include all handicap categories and especially our G.I.G ladies, please add your name to sheet in the kiosk a.s.a.p. This is an all inclusive fun event and we would urge as many as possible to take part, tee times are reserved from 11.00am to facilitate the draw!! Our day will be rounded off with a meal at the Moorings Bar & Restaurant scheduled for 7pm and all are invited to attend, please add your name for meal only if you are unable to play golf on the day!!
Winter League sponsored by The Moorings Bar & Restaurant
Our winter league kindly sponsored by The Moorings Bar and Restaurant over 10 holes has now finished Round 2 and with some fabulous scores reported for round one, we wait in anticipation for Rd. 2 results. Well done to all for a great start to the winter season.. Round 3 began on Mon 12th and we are now approaching the second week with some very good entries and re-entries so far, team managers are very busy contacting and encouraging their members – remember a point is awarded for each round played even when your score is not counting!!
Please note. It’s imperative from Rd.3 that all scores be entered in computer, only the best score will count for competition!!
South East Coastal Alliance
Our next outing will be to West Waterford on Thursday, 6th Dec which will be the Christmas outing!! As this is always a special event, I would like to see a good representation from our club!!
Membership Offers
If you are contemplating a new activity and making new friends for 2019 we have the answer, why not join us here at the Gold Coast!! There are many good reasons for joining us, firstly we are an extremely friendly bunch who are always delighted to welcome new members and visitors alike, secondly our course is open all year round due to its natural drainage and last but not least the scenery is breathtaking!!
We here at the Gold Coast are very proud of our course and it’s natural beauty, if you would like to sample same, please contact Irene or Mark on 058-44055 for some very tantalizing deals on offer at the moment for new members. There are always ladies available to take out new beginners and group lessons are arranged with a professional when the golfing season starts.
Winter League 2018/2019 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Week 8 Week 9 Week 10 Week 11
Copper Coast
5 34.40 172 Liam Clancy 34 33 37 29 39 0 0 0 0 0
1 40.00 40 Niall Curran 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 34.00 136 Ned connors 34 33 33 36 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 38.33 115 Darren Power 33 42 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 35.00 105 Frank Mulvihill 37 37 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 40.00 40 Ger Darcy 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 36.40 182 Colin McArthur 32 30 36 44 40 0 0 0 0 0
4 37.00 148 John McArthur 29 41 40 38 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 32.75 262 Leo Wall 30 28 37 35 32 31 38 31 0 0
4 26.75 107 Liam Hansbury 35 36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 38.00 152 Thomas Power 38 40 38 36 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 34.33 103 Joe Curran 31 36 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 35.00 35 Freddie McGuckian 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 40.60 203 Rosie Murphy 38 40 42 44 39 0 0 0 0 0
51 409.07 1685 486 396 406 262 150 31 38 31 0 0
Abbeyside
3 34.33 103 Geoff Collins 36 36 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 32.25 129 Declan Kiely 34 25 34 36 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 35.67 107 Johnny Burns 37 32 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 28.33 85 Tony Lonergan 25 31 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 39.00 39 David Hallihan 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.00 0 Joey Veale 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 36.67 110 Rogie Cashin 35 37 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 36.00 108 Conor Clancy 40 36 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 31.00 124 Maurice Fennell 28 26 37 33 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.00 0 Rian O Dwyer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 34.50 138 Ted Casey 40 29 34 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 37.00 111 Bobby Fitzpatrick 36 35 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 34.43 241 Nicky Keane 31 37 35 36 38 34 30 0 0 0
4 29.25 117 Breda Conway 32 28 28 29 0 0 0 0 0 0
44 380.10 1373 413 352 376 169 38 34 30 0 0 0
Dungarvan
1917 46.00 41.6739130434783 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
3 35.00 105 Pat Power 32 37 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 35.40 177 David O’Connor 36 24 40 42 35 0 0 0 0 0
4 36.25 145 Kiki Cullinan 36 33 41 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 34.89 314 Andy Travers 35 34 37 30 33 35 35 41 34 0
6 34.67 208 Jimmy O’Dwyer 32 26 34 40 34 42 0 0 0 0
2 37.00 74 Tim O’Driscoll 36 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.00 0 Patsy Walsh 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
9 36.89 332 Brian O’Connor 39 40 32 31 35 36 42 40 37 0
5 33.20 166 Des O’Brien 42 28 32 32 32 0 0 0 0 0
1 29.00 29 Pat Murphy 29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 33.33 100 Billy Long 31 34 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 30.00 60 Noel McCann 29 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 32.50 130 John D Walsh 29 35 34 32 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 38.50 77 Esther McGuckian 37 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
56 387.63 1828 1917 443 400 321 242 169 113 77 81 71 0
Ballinacourty
7 39.71 278 John Hughes 41 39 44 36 35 42 41 0 0 0
2 35.00 70 Bob O’Brien 38 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 38.50 77 Mark Lenihan 39 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 35.00 35 Michael Lenihan 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 36.00 180 Seanie Lenihan 34 35 34 41 36 0 0 0 0 0
2 37.50 75 Conan Watt 36 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 36.00 108 Jerome Maye 33 43 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 36.00 108 John Enright 31 45 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 38.00 76 Dave O’Connor 42 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 34.25 137 Alan Landers 37 36 37 27 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 34.00 68 John Ahern 36 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 39.67 119 seamus o connell 39 43 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 32.50 130 Tony Walsh 34 31 32 33 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 34.25 137 Mary Clancy 31 40 34 32 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 37.75 151 Tom White 33 39 38 41 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 38.13 305 John White 35 42 38 41 40 38 34 37 0 0
4 37.00 148 Michael Kavanagh 35 38 38 37 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 38.43 269 Micheal White 41 44 35 36 38 37 38 0 0 0
5 37.20 186 Tom Moore 41 36 37 39 33 0 0 0 0 0
3 38.67 116 John W Walsh 33 37 46 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 41.00 41 Pat Crowley 41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 37.17 223 Willie Flavin 34 38 36 39 34 42 0 0 0 0
5 37.40 187 Jack Moore 39 35 39 38 36 0 0 0 0 0
1 36.00 36 Alan Harty 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 37.67 113 John Queally 38 39 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 38.40 192 John Flynn 39 39 42 33 39 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.00 0 Paul O’Dea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 27.00 54 Ruth Hannigan 32 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
55 418.80 1944 477 409 385 304 220 117 72 37 0 0
Deise
3 28.00 84 Nicholas Fitzgerald 24 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 35.67 107 Michael Wall 29 39 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 37.60 188 Tommy Long 37 40 38 37 36 0 0 0 0 0
8 33.50 268 Frank Waters 32 42 37 34 29 32 31 31 0 0
3 37.33 112 David Kiely 38 37 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 31.50 126 Willie Bloomer 30 30 33 33 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 29.00 87 Nicholas Power 29 30 28 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 33.00 66 Sean Carmody 32 34 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 37.50 75 Mick Cronin 32 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 37.00 259 Ger Bagge 38 38 35 39 40 34 35 0 0 0
5 33.00 165 Michael Whelan 24 33 39 34 35 0 0 0 0 0
3 34.00 102 Barry Power 39 28 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 36.33 109 Martin Morris 39 33 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 32.75 131 Mairead Ryan 26 35 38 32 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tourneena
3 35.00 105 Brian Fahey 32 37 36 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 37.00 222 Maurice Swan 34 35 37 43 35 38 0 0 0 0
3 40.67 122 John Hallinan 42 41 39 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 34.00 102 Aaron Crotty 36 28 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 37.00 185 Larry Whelan 36 42 37 35 35 0 0 0 0 0
3 40.33 121 Joe Meade 41 42 38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 31.40 157 Rafa Alvarez 33 34 36 27 27 0 0 0 0 0
2 32.50 65 Tom Reynolds 30 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 33.67 101 Darren Williams 37 34 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 35.00 105 Liam Beresford 31 37 37 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0.00 0 Neil Dermody 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 35.25 141 Darren O’Droma 35 28 39 39 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 42.00 42 Jody Hallinan 42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 35.00 175 Ger Hallinan 33 33 36 40 33 0 0 0 0 0
47 404.92 1536 462 426 403 184 130 38 0 0 0 0
418 Dunhill
409 Copper Coast
405 Ballinacourty
404 Tourneena
387 Deise
387 Dungarvan
380 Abbeyside
Notes 15th July
Notes 8th July
Notes 1st July
Notes 24th June
Scorecard (pdf)
Dungarvan Golf International 2019
Played over three courses, the singles competition takes place from Monday 27th to Thursday 30th May 2019. For rules and booking information you can download our competition brochure
Gold Coast Golf Club, Dungarvan
Gold Coast Golf Club, Dungarvan is a championship parkland course. There are unrivaled views of Dungarvan Bay, the Irish Sea and Helvick Head. Mature tree-lined fairways laid out in 1939 are cleverly mingled with the long and challenging newer holes.
18 holes, par 72, stretching 6,204 metres [6,785 yards] and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean for 1.5 miles.
Ballinacourty,
Dungarvan,
County Waterford,
Post Code: X35 EA40
Tel: (058)44055
Email: goldcoastgolf@cablesurf.com
Course Status
The course is open today Thursday 18th July 2019.
Website by: Déise Design
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Amazing Video Shows Cool Gadgets in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare
Travis Pope
We’re getting a more detailed look at the new weapons and tricks users will have at their disposal when Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare makes its highly-anticipated debut later this year.
A new promotional video featuring developers from Sledgehammer Games profiles most of the new armory that’ll be at players disposals with the game.
The video begins with Glen Schoefield of Sledgehammer Games, the game’s developer, discussing how it went about introducing futuristic weaponry into the classic Call of Duty experience. He goes on to talk about the weapons themselves.
Threat Detection Grenades won’t explode like typical grenades in past games. Instead Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare players will use the tool to scan for enemy players around them. The idea is to let the player gather more information about their surroundings without necessarily putting them in direct danger. Mobile barricades will also follow the player around, protecting them from any threats directly ahead of them. When players are ready to shoot a glass will window drop to allow their bullets through. Finally a Directed Energy weapon will allow users to quickly target enemy players with a burst of energy.
Hover tanks and hover bikes will also feature heavily in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare. Another key component of the Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare experience is going to be the exoskeleton. This exoskeleton will give players super strength and cloaking abilities. Additionally, users will pick up other abilities like being able to move more quickly than the rest of the environment. There’s also a scene in this video where a player uses the Exoskeleton to climb a wall.
According to Schoefield, Sledgerhammer didn’t want to just go off on a tangent and create futuristic weapons that weren’t believable. Instead, Sledgehammer based in game weapons and upgraded vehicle in reality. Each of the new weapons introduced in the title are inspired by technology that’s already available today.
It’s worth noting that most of what we’ve seen in Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare is available in other games today. For example, it’s hard not to notice that the Exoskeleton mechanic here sounds very similar to the suite that users wear in past Halo games. So too do the Exoskeleton power-ups that are known as Armor Abilities today. Some hard-core gamers are definitely going to have something to say about Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare borrowing heavily from other franchise.
The thing is that they shouldn’t. Like it or not, games like other art forms are inspired by other games. Mechanics that work well in other titles are bound to appear in other games. If users like them there’s little to no reason to not include them. Call of Duty has a huge fan base that will run out to stores to get their hands on these new weapons and abilities. That is – provided that Sledgehammer is able to deliver these experiences in a way that doesn’t harm the experience fans already enjoy.
Thankfully, Sledgehammer is relying on new weapons alone to entice users into purchasing Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare at launch. This title seems to put more emphasis on the single player story than games in recent memory. A trailer early this year revealed that the campaign will star actor Kevin Spacey. Spacey is most well-known today for playing a scheming member of the United States House of Representatives in the Netflix series House of Cards. His character’s motives aren’t yet clear but the speech he gave in the game’s reveal trailer indicates that Spacey’s character in the game isn’t that dissimilar from his role in House of Cards.
Read: Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare Release Date Details & More
We don’t yet have a firm release date for Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare, it should arrive on store shelves sometime later this year. When it does it’ll be available on PC, Xbox One, PS4, Xbox 360 and PS3. It will not be available on the Wii U.
Related Topics:Call of Duty: Advanced WarfarePS3PS4XBOX 360Xbox One
Junce
my roomate’s step-sister makes $76 an hour on the inte.rnet . She has been fired from work for 9 months but last month her pa:yment was $20923 just working on the internet for a few hours. see post….. paycog.c*om
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Thank You for the Coffee, Ma’am. Your Tip Is at the Stable.
RALPH BLUMENTHAL
A 71-year-old waitress in a Houston restaurant received a retired thoroughbred racehorse this month as a tip from a regular customer.
WALLER, Tex. — As a widowed waitress struggling to make ends meet, A. D. Carrol has received some good tips over the years. Once in an airport V.I.P. club in San Francisco, stranded businessmen tipped her $600. In a Texas steak house, a happy patron left $500 on the table.
But nothing prepared her for the tip from a regular customer in Houston after Ms. Carrol, 71, served him coffee this month. “He just looked up at me and said, ‘You’re a good ol’ gal,’ ” she recalled. “ ‘You want a horse?’ I thought he was kidding.”
But a horse it was, Texas being one of the few places where you can get a tip on a horse — and a tip of a horse.
And not just any horse: a thoroughbred race horse named Mailman Express who had won $15,000 at the track and was too “sored up,” in the words of his keeper, Curley Linehan, to race any more.
(The big tipper — a Texas builder and horseman with a stable of some 50 thoroughbreds — provided confirmation on condition that he remained anonymous so as not to appear to be seeking publicity.)
On Sunday, Ms. Carrol drove from suburban Sugar Land to her benefactor’s horse farm here, about 40 miles northwest of downtown Houston, to look her gift horse not in the mouth but otherwise all over.
“Oh look. Is he gorgeous! Is he gorgeous!” Ms. Carrol gushed as the 5-year-old bay gelding was trotted out to meet her.
“Does he like his head rubbed, or no?” she asked Mr. Linehan, a champion rodeo roper, while already rubbing Mailman’s head, clearly to the horse’s satisfaction.
“Feel the beauty in him?” she said, almost to herself. His racing days were over, Ms. Carrol said, but she added that she “might like to jump him.”
Ms. Carrol collected the horse’s health report, travel papers and thoroughbred certificate that listed his sire as Secret Claim and his dam as Carshadon, and she arranged for a trailer to pick him up in a few days.
Of course, this being Texas, it was not Ms. Carrol’s first or only horse; she already has two. She splits the $600-a-month stabling fee with her daughter-in-law and works a second job as a Continental Airlines baggage handler to help pay for them, along with her 16 cats and 3 dogs.
But how she will pay for another horse, one accustomed to royal treatment, has given her pause. “We’re thinking of giving it to the stable,” she said, “if they let us ride it free.”
Ms. Carrol said there were no special tricks to garnering tips. “Stay focused,” she said, “and whatever the client needs is what you do, rather than thinking about grabbing the money.”
The tale, Ms. Carrol recounted, began Feb. 13 at Ouisie’s Table, a Southern-style Houston institution where for the last three years she has been working Wednesdays to Sundays (leaving Mondays and Tuesdays for her airport job).
The lunch crowd had emptied when two men entered, she said, one recognizable as a regular customer. “He had two cups of coffee,” she said, before he leaned over and offered her the horse.
Ms. Carrol said she did not take him seriously. “But two days later,” she recalled, “he came back in and said, ‘Girl, you still want that horse?’ I said, ‘Yes.’ ”
She said he jokingly asked for a dollar for it, but she hung tough, proposing instead that he pay her a dollar to take it. They settled on a no-cash deal.
The horseman confirmed her account. “My friend and I were talking about race horses,” he said, “and she seemed like a nice kind of lady.” Former racers often face a bleak future at the slaughterhouse, he said, so he was glad to find a good home for Mailman.
Some of Ms. Carrol’s friends consider her lucky; one colleague at the restaurant likes to make horse-snorting noises when she passes. But she said she and her family had not always lived a charmed life.
As she tells it, her father was raised by missionaries in China and had to flee that country after a son he had there died in his bed of sudden infant death syndrome and superstitious townspeople charged him with murder. He escaped to the United States, where he wed the woman who became Ms. Carrol’s mother.
In 1963, Ms. Carrol said, while she was living in California with her husband, he was in a car accident that killed their 6-year-old son. Her husband died of a heart attack in 1983; then, she said, another of their sons was murdered in his Houston office for the cash payroll of his roofing business.
The killer taunted her, Ms. Carrol recalled, with notes on her door threatening “You’re next,” which prompted her to flee to Colorado. There, she said, she changed her name to A. D. Carrol. The Houston police have a suspect, she said, but he remains out of state and free.
For now, though, Ms. Carrol said all she could think about was her good fortune.
“Good boy,” she said, talking to Mailman as she stroked his head at the stable. “You’re beautiful. Look at your pose.”
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NEWS 29 May 2018
MGM Resorts expands into New York with $850m acquisition
By Robert Simmons
Worldwide casino and resort developer MGM Resorts International has announced the agreement of a deal to acquire the Empire City Casino in Yonkers, New York for a fee of $850m.
Under the terms of the deal, MGM Resorts and its property development company MGM Growth Properties have entered into an agreement where the latter business will acquire Empire City Casino from MGM Resorts before leasing it back to an MGM Resorts subsidiary, which will then operate the property.
The property will be added to the lease agreement that currently exists between MGM Resorts and MGM Growth Properties, with the annual rent payment to MGM Growth properties increasing by $50m annually.
This deal includes the complete refinancing of Empire City’s outstanding debts, at a cost of $245m, while at the same time MGM Resorts will finance approximately $260m of the remaining costs via the issuing of new stocks in MGM Resorts.
MGM Resorts will pay a further $50m consideration if the Empire City casino receives a licence to operate live table games from the New York State Gaming Commission on or prior to 31 December 2022 or additionally if MGM Resorts, in its capacity as leaseholder accepts the licence by 31 December 2024.
MGM Growth Properties has confirmed that it will fund the acquisition and its associated transactions via a combination of existing cash, borrowings under its senior secured revolving credit facility, and the aforementioned issuance of MGM Growth Properties shares to the MGM Resorts subsidiary.
Issuing a statement on the company’s website, Jim Murren, Chairman and CEO of MGM Resorts International said: “We are excited to announce the addition of Empire City to the MGM Resorts portfolio.
“This acquisition represents an excellent opportunity to further solidify our presence on the East Coast, and in particular, expand our reach into the high-density New York City region. We believe this transaction enhances our free cash flow profile and presents attractive future opportunities for the Company, and we look forward to welcoming the Empire City team and guests to the MGM Resorts family.”
Empire City encompasses a 97-acre property and racetrack with 5,200 slots and electronic table games, multiple dining outlets, and both live and simulcast horse racing. During the last year, the company reported over $230m in net revenues and almost $70m in adjusted EBITDA.
James Stewart, CEO of MGM Growth Properties, added: “This acquisition will further increase our regional geographic footprint, giving MGM Growth Properties exposure to the New York City market, with another high-quality asset that will create meaningful value to shareholders and provide us with increased cash flows and growth opportunities.”
RELATED TAGS: Land-Based | Industry | Financial | Casino
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HomeNewssportsMan Utd. Marouane Fellaini Joins Chinese Super League Side Shandong Luneng
Man Utd. Marouane Fellaini Joins Chinese Super League Side Shandong Luneng
February 2, 2019 Gist Lovers sports 0
Marouane Fellaini has joined Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng from Manchester United for a transfer fee of £10.5 million.
The 31-year-old had earlier posted pictures of himself at Brussels airport as he prepared to head off and finalise a deal.
Fellaini joined United from Everton for £27m in 2014 when he became the first significant signing after Sir Alex Ferguson’s departure as manager.
He signed a new two-year deal last summer that was due to run until 2020.
“Everybody at United thanks Marouane for his service and wishes him well for the future as he completes his move to Shandong Luneng Taishan FC in China,” the club said in a statement.
A change in manager, though, was always going to see questions asked of the Belgian. He managed just three minutes of Premier League action under interim boss Ole Gunnar Solskjaer.
With it clear that he had no future under the current regime, and potentially beyond that, the decision was quickly taken to allow him to move on.
You won’t believe the huge Amount Manchester United Paid Mourinho after Sacking Him
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June 4, 2018 Gist Lovers 0
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Fivers with Jane Austen engraving could be worth £50,000
Not one of the Jane Austen fivers ...
Ed Chatterton
People are being urged to check their new fivers after engraved bank notes worth as much as £50,000 were circulated in a Willie Wonka-style ‘Golden Ticket’ giveaway.
Tiny portraits of Jane Austen have been added to four of the new Bank of England £5 notes by talented micro-engraver Graham Short.
The 70-year-old painstakingly carved tiny 5mm portraits of the novelist onto the polymer cash, next to the images of Sir Winston Churchill and Big Ben.
Classic quotes from Emma, Pride and Prejudice, and Mansfield Park have also been engraved onto the notes, which went into circulation last weekend.
The outline of the golden engraving is visible to the naked eye - but a microscope will be needed to see it properly.
Art experts are estimating that the four fivers could be worth up to £50,000 after collectors forked out thousands to buy notes with unusual serial numbers.
Graham previously hit the headlines when he engraved the words of the Lord’s Prayer on to the head of a pin.
And his last work - a portrait of the Queen, engraved on a speck of gold inside the eye of a needle - sold for £100,000.
Graham, from Northfield, Birmingham, said: “I’m always looking to do something different.
“When I saw the new £5 note, I thought, ‘Wouldn’t it be good if I could engrave something on it.
“I didn’t know what at first, but then I found out that next year is going to be the 200th anniversary of Jane Austen’s death and her image is also going to be on the new £10 note, which is coming out next year, so it ties in quite nicely with that.
“The beauty of this is that in the right light you can’t see the engraving at all, but when you turn the note and the light comes at a different angle, it appears.
“I’ve no idea how much they will be worth if people try to sell them. But previous pieces I have worked on have been insured for more than £50,000.
“If somebody finds one I hope they will maybe put it on eBay. If they can get some extra money for Christmas I’ll be thrilled.”
The four notes will all be distributed across areas of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland by Thursday, December 8.
One fiver has already been used at a cafe in Scotland while another is destined for a pub in Northern Ireland.
Graham said he may spend the other two in either Warwickshire or Gloucestershire before he puts the final one into circulation in south Wales.
He added: “I’ll probably just buy a coffee somewhere and hopefully it will find its way to somebody.
“We just wanted to spread them as far as possible and give people across the UK the chance of getting hold of one.”
A fifth engraved note will be donated to the Jane Austen Society to mark the 200th anniversary of the classic novelists death next year.
Quotes and their notes:
“ If I loved you less, I might be able to talk about it more.”
- Emma - Serial number: AM32 885551
“To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.”
- Pride and Prejudice - Serial number: AM32 885552
“A large income is the best recipe for happiness I ever heard of.”
- Mansfield Park - Serial number: AM32 885553
“I hope I never ridicule what is wise or good.”
Pride and Prejudice - Serial number: AM32 885554
Take a walk on the wild side at The Avenue shopping centre
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Confessions of a retoucher: how the modelling industry is harming women
Kingston / October 7, 2017 /
Before. Photo: Supplied Consumers often flip through glossy magazines and admire models for their flawless skin and perfectly proportioned bodies. Models in photographs may appear effortlessly perfect, but behind every image lies a lengthy, painstaking process which has removed the reality, and created what is akin to a fictional character. And no matter how …
How Swedish label Cos has changed the way we dress
Asymmetrical top, $135, culottes, $135, and slip-on sneakers, $150. Photo: COS/Supplied When Cos first opened in London in 2007, no one predicted the influence it would have. Everything about the new brand from the Swedish retail giant H&M was quiet – and the fashion world at that time was not. This …
Last Rockstar gives glimpse into Michael Hutchence's private world 20 years after his death
On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the death of rock star Michael Hutchence, the late INXS frontman remains a complicated and contradictory character for those who knew him best. While Hutchence often referred to his band mates as his “brothers”, he had been trying to get out of the band for years, his …
Can this fitness trend inspire the people who hate exercise?
I understand why people hate exercise. Take away ability (because there are people with and without natural competence who enjoy exercise) and the fact that some people are less genetically inclined to get a dopamine high from HIIT, and you are left with the fact that exercise isn’t fun anymore. …
Helen Mirren, Jane Fonda walk for L'Oreal at Paris Fashion Week
Helen Mirren and Jane Fonda have hit the runway at Paris Fashion Week. The actresses (aged 72 and 79, respectively) were the stars of the L’Oreal show on the Champs-Élysées on Sunday. Actress Helen Mirren wears a creation for L’Oreal Spring/Summer 2018 ready-to-wear fashion collection in Paris. Photo: AP The show was a …
Celebrities call for US gun law reform, express condolences after Vegas shooting
Celebrities have used social media to express their upset and anger following a shooting in Las Vegas on Monday, which is understood to be the most deadly in modern US history. At least 58 people were killed and over 500 were injured after a lone gunman opened fire on a …
Kim Kardashian tells Trump to 'step up' on Puerto Rico
Kim Kardashian West has offered President Donald Trump some advice – from one reality star to another. In response to Trump’s tweets branding criticism of the federal government’s Puerto Rico relief efforts “#fakenews,” the Keeping Up with the Kardashians star, who has 55 million Twitter followers versus the president’s 39.7 million, offered …
Shane Warne's main concern after Valerie Fox assault accusation
Kingston / September 30, 2017 /
He has a list of transgressions as long as his arm, but despite being most recently accused of assaulting a woman and questioned by British police over the incident, Shane Warne seemed most concerned about being linked with hardcore porn actress, Kelly Stafford. Valerie Fox, 30, has accused the retired Australian cricketer and father-of-three, …
Revenge porn laws may not be capturing the right people
Australia is moving quickly towards creating laws to deal with the perceived menace of revenge porn. Both the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales have recently introduced specific laws, bringing them into line with Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. But the creation of new offences may not be the panacea it is …
Bachelorette Sophie Monk exiles herself to Mexico to avoid spilling the beans
Who would have thought that going on one of those cringe-inducing dating shows would resurrect Sophie Monk’s career? And yet right now, having spent years in the doldrums, the blonde media veteran is sitting pretty on the Australian showbiz radar thanks to the big ratings numbers being delivered by The …
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Terror in East Africa: Al Shabaab
By Igor Pejic
Global Research, June 21, 2016
Region: sub-Saharan Africa
Theme: Poverty & Social Inequality, Terrorism
Since the collapse of the Somali government in 1991, the constant struggle and chaos had engulfed the country. Corruption, violence, strong external influence and insecurity are some of the factors which are common in Somali’s day-to-day politics. From all of this, radicalised and extremist groups have emerged and started to take hold of the society, especially in the south of the country.
Al Shabaab was originally formed from the Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya group, which emerged in the post regime change in the nineties. Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya (AIAI) was focused on implementing strong Sharia law, seizing strategic locations in the country and bringing order and control in previously lawless areas. Though this may seem like a solid plan, establishing some kind of order in a chaotic region, even through Sharia, is better than total lawlessness; the Ethiopian government had other plans.
Neighbouring state, Ethiopia, which is predominantly Christian, saw the rise of Islamism, Wahhabism and Salafism as a serious threat in Somalia. Al-Itihaad Al-Islamiya as well as the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) were destroyed by the Ethiopian military operations in 2004 and 2006, leaving only the most hardcore elements of these organisations still standing, thus the Al Shabaab, or “the youth”, emerged. The rise of Al Shabaab from the shadows was rather quick, the group rapidly grew from a core of just 33 to a force of more than 5,000 troops in less than four years. Their motivation and main objective at that time was to drive the Ethiopian forces out of the country; of course, that had to be done by a strong insurgency, which Al Shabaab was eager to lead.
Though the Ethiopians managed to quell ICU and the AIAI, Al Shabaab, which rose from it ashes, was much more radical and determined in its ideas of implementing Sharia law and some form of an Islamic caliphate/state. Ethiopia’s military actions hardened Somalis’ religious views and made a fertile ground for spreading extreme religious ideologies, which made recruitment and funding for Al Shabaab much easier. After the withdrawal of Ethiopian forces in 2009, a split occurred in Al Shaabab: two conflicting factions were trying to impose their own views and doctrine on the group. One was led by Sheikh Aweys, a spiritual leader with fundamentally domestic aims, and Sheikh Moktar Ali Zubeyr also known as Godane (educated in Pakistan), who had a more ambitious and extremist agenda, which ultimately prevailed and took control over the group. At that moment, the Al Shabaab agenda changed from nationalistic to a more global and ideological rhetoric, which ended with pledging allegiance to Osama Bin Laden and promoting Al Qaeda’s jihad across the horn of Africa. Although Al Shabaab’s impact during the past couple of years has decreased, mainly because of new battlefields in Syria and Libya, the group still poses a major threat in the region with the probability of expanding its influence further into the Sahel and also in Yemen.
Despite their grievous loss of their leader, Godane in 2014, his successor, Abu Ubaidah, is eager to follow in his footsteps. This can be seen in their constant raids and harassment in Mogadishu targeting primarily non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and United Nations (UN) facilities, extending their reach in Kenya, attracting young fighters and establishing some kind of limited government in some parts of the country which are under Al Shabaab’s control.
Before we go any deeper into understanding the structure of Al Shabaab, we first need to determine the doctrine and the ideology behind this radical group. Most of the time, the group is described as a Sunni extremist organisation supplemented with Salafism and Wahhabism. Besides this, Al Shabaab has a strict policy against takfir (bad Muslims), who usually get excommunicated or worse (punishments such as stoning and decapitation are common). The practice of Salafism and Wahhabism is not only used as some kind of ideology, but also as an instrument for attracting funds and finance (there had been rumours that some Gulf states are eager when it comes to funding organisations with this type of doctrine).
One of their most important goals is the creation of a fundamentalist Islamic state in the Horn of Africa; it should include not only Somalia but Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti as well. Various analysts cite that these radical pan-Islamic ideas come from AIAI, which was a predecessor of Al Shabaab which gave training and needed-knowledge for the future leaders of “the youth”. The concept of AIAI, and later ICU, is important in understanding the complex structure of Al Shabaab. Though it is radical and fundamental, it is not monolithic; tribal divides and internal fissures are rather common, especially when more leaders try to take control over the group, differences in their origin and training as well as indoctrination usually leads to conflict between them. Ahmed Abdi Godane, who triumphed over these internal conflicts in 2011 and 2013, suggests that core group doctrine and affiliation have been settled. Before Godane’s victory, the core leadership of Al Shabaab was heterogeneous with strong nationalist and politically pragmatic characters like Hassan Dahir Aweys and Mukhtar Roobow.
After the “cleansing” of the leadership, Godane saw a clear future which apparently lies with a strong affiliation with Al Qaeda. After the official pledge to Al Qaeda in 2012, these two organisations began close cooperation with each other in further indoctrination and training of the new recruits. Al Qaeda also played a major role in widening Al Shabaab’s vision in terms of globalised jihad rhetoric and propaganda. Implementation of strong Sharia law has become regular; punishments like stoning, decapitation and amputation are common for criminals and also apostates.
Structure, more precisely, the military organisation of Al Shabaab, consists out of five formations/brigades:
Abu Dalha Al-Sudaani: Lower and Middle Juba
Sa’ad Bin Mu’aad: Gedo
Saalah Nabhaan: Bay and Bakool
Ali Bin Abu Daalib: Banaadir, Lower Shabelle, Middle Shabelle
Khaalid Bin Wliid: Hiiraan, Mudug, Galgaduud
Liwaa’ul Qudus: Eastern Sanaag and Bari regions “Sharqistan”
Besides these formations, an important structure inside Al Shabaab is the “Amniyaad”. The Amniyaad is something resembling a secret police; at first they were in charge of providing intelligence (especially for internal purposes), but Godane managed to strengthen their position and gave them much wider authority. Al Shabaab’s internal coherency relies heavily on the work of Amniyaad, especially in Mogadishu and the surrounding areas. Some of the common tactics used by this “secret police” are targeted killings/assassinations, bombing and planting of improvised explosive devices (IEDs). Amniyaad is also responsible for devising new tactics in order to improve Al Shabaab’s asymmetrical warfare. Last but not least is the media section, Al-Kataib: production of video materials for global and domestic audiences is used for spreading terror as well as for recruitment purposes.
Image: Map by crisisgroup.org
Tactics and strategies which are implemented by Al Shabaab are heavily based on local knowledge and experience from veterans and fighters who participated in former radical organisations in the nineties. This comes as no surprise – many members of Al Shabaab were active during the nineties and especially during the Ethiopian intervention. Also, their expertise in those battles was welcomed by Al Shabaab’s leadership in order to train new recruits and improve general combat.
A main aspect of the tactics and strategies used by this radical organisation is the asymmetrical warfare, which was executed with wide knowledge and precision. The group was cautious when it came to large-scale battles against larger and better-equipped adversaries, usually they would withdrew their forces in order to reorganise and strike at the right moment. This tactic was further improved by Godane, who decentralised much of the authority within the group making it more flexible and agile. Commanders or regional “governors” have been appointed, including field commanders who have improved intelligence gathering (Amniyaad), counter-intelligence work, better command of the troops etc. This decentralisation allowed Al Shabaab to easily shift into guerilla warfare style in 2013 and 2014 when the Somali government managed to extend its control over major towns, especially in the south of the country.
The jihadists, with their vast knowledge of the region, fled to the countryside and continued their fight. Though they have been driven from some populated areas, there is a growing sense of fear because of the sporadic raids and the retribution, which the terrorists pledged to carry out. Unlike its adversaries, Al Shabaab is quite mobile, which gives it the edge when it comes to fighting in urban areas. Constant raids and pressure, which they keep up thanks to their networks, allows Amniyaad a lot of freedom when conducting assassinations or even suicide attacks. The flow of foreign fighters into the group, especially those from Iraq and Afghanistan, has broadened the knowledge of military and guerilla tactics with a couple of major aspects:
Extensive use of IEDs and suicide bombers which was not a common sight in Somalia in the past.
Combat units consist out of nine members, unlike the regular Somali army, which practices with 11 member units, or the Ethiopian army with six member units.
Heavy emphasis on infantry.
High mobility of troops due to a limited number of members and a wide area which needs to be covered.
Distinctive deployment of troops. Al Shabaab usually masses its troops on the borders of the areas which it controls, while there are not many of them in urban areas or city centers. Despite this, the strong psychological effects of fear and retaliation keep citizens in line, who are unable to revolt or oppose their aggressors.
Still two main weapons of Al Shabaab’s arsenal are IEDs and suicide bombers: a common tool for various Salafist/Wahhabist terrorist organisations. Al Shabaab also implements brutal tactics when initiating skirmishes. Although it usually targets government/military or international institutions, the group is always trying to fight in heavily populated areas. Interestingly enough, despite this bloody strategy, there isn’t an outrage from the domestic population against this terrorist organisation.
Recruitment and training of Al Shabaab members usually takes place in Somalia and Kenya, but foreign continents like Europe and North America (the US especially) are not the exception. The organisation started as a populist militarist group, focusing on younger parts of the population (staying true to its name, Al Shabaab/”the youth”) for mobilisation with constant struggle with the authority of the domestic and foreign factors. With its recruitment programme, Al Shabaab quickly realized that in order to amass new recruits, the idea of waging jihad should be constantly pushed on a daily basis. A regular flow of new recruits needed a population and land from which they could gather them.
These factors pushed Al Shabaab to become embedded into the Somali society, as some former members testified (which are often children or teenagers), the organisation gives a mobile phone and a monthly payment of 50 dollars, which for young people in Somalia, seems quite a lot. There are three basic principles on which Al Shabaab recruits its members:
The use of da’wa [literally means “issuing a summons” or “making an invitation”] gives a strong impact on the youth mainly because they usually lack any deeper religious knowledge. This is often done by various propaganda techniques including videos, books and preaching the importance of jihad.
Economic motivation also plays a major role. As I mentioned, earlier 50 dollars can mean a lot to a young man in the Somali society. Violence, which is a daily phenomenon in Somalia, makes people used to it and organisations like Al Shabaab largely profit from it. Payment for killing a man can sustain someone’s family for a period of time.
The final part is de-socialisation and re-socialisation of the new recruits. This process can be highly rewarding for the terrorist organisation, since it usually promotes further unification of the new members.
Forced conscription is not an exception. In areas where Al Shabaab dominates, forced recruitment can often take place, though the exact line between forceful and “normal” recruitment is not always clear. Those who are forcefully made to join the group are often isolated from the outside world, they are later mixed with other recruits who have willingly joined the group (this is usually done in training courses). This constant shuffle of recruits finally blends them together and in the end, they are born again as fully-fledged jihadists. This has proven to be rather efficient with some political minorities since the feeling of belonging to some stronger organisation can be overwhelming.
Part of the recruitment is also exercised in schools or in religious institutions where Sheiks can usually navigate younger people to the way of Sharia and eventually, to Al Shabaab. The finance factor, which plays a major role in the recruitment phase is not only reserved for the fighters, suicide bombers or assassins; Al Shabaab employs workers for various duties inside the group. One of those positions is the clerical duty. Most of the training is done in Somalia due to the lack of government and military control. Al Shabaab is able to manage highly specialised training camps without much domestic interference. There are a couple of training camps which are specialised for hand-to-hand combat in Ras Kiamboni, suicide bombing camps in Elberde and Mogadishu and a hostage training camp in Eel Arfid.
There have also been reports on Al Qaeda operatives who have instructor duties, some of them are from Pakistan/Afghanistan and some come from the Arabian peninsula. The training courses usually last for six months, after which the new recruits become full members of the organisation. The trainees are also able to choose which branch of Al Shabaab they want to join; possibilities include combat units, bomb makers or the security apparatus of the Amniyat.
Many of the terrorist or insurgent groups have two main principles of funding which include “lootable” and “unlootable” resources. Those resources may include diamonds, narcotics, gas and similar riches which one territory may possess. Since Al Shabaab lacks this method of funding, the organisation was forced to create an innovative method of gathering financial resources. This new method can be defined as financial control and surveillance of cash flows. This control extends to both domestic and external funding and is directly controlled by the group so it does not rely on third parties.
The UN report from 2011 suggests that Al Shabaab was able to collect around 100 million dollars from fees at airports and seaports, taxes on various goods and checkpoints, jihad contributions and extortions justified by religious obligations. In order to maintain its “taxation” and healthy financial flows, good governance and discipline are essential. In this manner, Al Shabaab has made a wide range of administrative bodies that are far more efficient than the Somali government. These bodies include Maktabatu Maaliya (Ministry of Finance), which has domestic and international responsibilities.
On the local level when it comes to gathering taxes, the Amniyat plays a crucial role, while Maktabatu Maaliya is responsible for the macro-economy and development (example: controlling the charcoal exports). These “institutions” give a sense of government and order. For people who live in a state of perpetual chaos these administrative bodies, which were developed by the Al Shabaab, are seen as a more or less good thing; it also helps the organisation maintain its population and recruitment without the use of brutal force. Besides the domestic flow of funds which is reliable and easy to control, there is also an external source of funding. External sources include the Somali diaspora and “deep-pocket” individuals who sympathize with the rhetoric or have other interests in mind when donating financial resources to this group.
According to some estimates, 14% of the Somali population lives abroad. These people have certain moral obligations but also relatives who need help back at home. The much-needed help which is delivered from the Somali diaspora sometimes comes to Al Shabaab as well. In the past, especially when the ICU was active, the foreign aid coming from the Somalis living abroad was relatively easy to acquire. Luckily today this type of “foreign aid” is dramatically reduced, mostly due to international actions against those who fund Al Shabaab and domestic prosecutions. The group also has so-called “deep-pocketed” donors. These donors come from all over the world and when Al Shabaab pledged its allegiance to Al Qaeda, it became much more attractive for these donors.
Motivations for donating large amounts of money to terrorist organisations are various and they include: performing a proxy jihad by donating large sums of money to radical organisations, sponsoring those kinds of organisations since the donors themselves cannot be physically present, fight for that organisation or achieve honour for waging a proxy jihad. A 2013 US Treasury Designation Order on Umayr Al-Nuaymi (Qatar businessman) suggests that he allegedly funded Al Shabaab with more than 250,000 dollars. Though Al Shabaab promotes global jihad, it still has donors which support the nationalistic doctrine of the past. Aligning themselves with Al Qaeda (which is strictly orientated to global jihad), there is a probability that some of the donors, domestic and international, who support the nationalistic doctrine, will cut the funds because of this shift in Al Shabaab’s goals and doctrine. This was even pointed out by the former leader of Al Qaeda, Osama Bin Laden.
As an organisation, Al Shabaab demonstrated impressive talent for planning, strategy and military tactics, which must not be underestimated. Their social roots in Somalia still remain deep. According to some reports from 2014, the group is still controlling much of the southern part of the country. With the rise of Islamic State and chaos which engulfed much of North Africa and the Middle East, Al Shabaab is positioning itself accordingly, promoting Sharia rule, allaying with Al Qaeda and promoting the idea of an Islamic caliphate. Though the pan-Islamic idea is powerful, with Al Shabaab’s rhetoric they retain a strong grip over domestic affairs; this can be seen in their ways of funding via taxes.
Despite their rigorous ways of exercising Sharia law in a state such as Somalia, Al Shabaab does not necessarily represent the biggest threat or the biggest problem, hence the absence of any serious uprising from the local population against this organisation. There are also practical benefits provided by the Al Shabaab group, like religious education and some sort of basic institutions and administration. Yet these steps seem insignificant. Looking from abroad, for the locals they can mean a lot. Rooting themselves deep into the sociological sphere and bolstering their relations with the domestic population, it will not be an easy task to remove this radical organisation.
In geopolitical terms, Al Shabaab does not represent a major threat. Unlike the Islamic State and Al Qaeda, it lacks the logistic and foreign support in order to accomplish and spread terror on a global scale. On the other hand, they do represent a major threat in the region; something similar can be observed with Boko Haram. Though they are positioned in the south of the country, Somalia is the Horn of Africa. Somalia has access to the Gulf of Aden, and the proximity to Yemen and the Red Sea can serve not only the interests of Al Shabaab, but also those of foreign organisations which are present in Yemen and maintain contact with Al Shabaab. Al Shabaab’s regional influence can also be dangerous because of the instability of the Sahel region. If Al Shabaab manages to use the conflicts in the Middle East and Libya, it can spread further into Sahel. They already have the pattern of Islamic State, which uses different regions and countries in order to avoid total eradication. Thus, dealing with Al Shabaab must be done cautiously.
Ethiopian direct military engagement in the past destroyed two radical organisations but also delivered the third one, which is much stronger than its predecessors. Learning from their previous experience is one of the trademarks of Al Shabaab. Directly engaging this organisation may cause unwanted casualties and destruction, which will only strengthen the position of Al Shabaab in the Somali society (we must not forget that Al Shabaab also maintains nationalistic ideas besides global jihad). Thus, the approach must be done through soft power, political reconciliation, mediation support, political and religious education, military support and assistance. Only when the foreign powers realize the reality of Somalis’ struggle, can there be hope for a total eradication of radical organisations in that country.
Ma Igor Pejic graduated in Political Science from the Foreign Affairs Department at the Faculty of Political Science. He is currently completing an MA in Terrorism, Security and Organised Crime at the University of Belgrade, Serbia.
http://www.counterextremism.com/sites/default/files/threat_pdf/al-shabab-threat-report.pdf
http://www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/africa/horn-of-africa/somalia/b099-somalia-al-shabaab-it-will-be-a-long-war.pdf
https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/140221_Bryden_ReinventionOfAlShabaab_Web.pdf
https://rusi.org/sites/default/files/201412_whr_2-14_keatinge_web_0.pdf
http://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/sites/sciencespo.fr.ceri/files/art_RM2.pdf
http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/S_2014_726.pdf
https://somalianews.files.wordpress.com/2015/05/bryden-decline-and-fall-of-al-shabaab-22v2015.pdf
http://www.trackingterrorism.org/sites/default/files/chatter/TheAnatomyOfAlShabaab_0.pdf
The original source of this article is South Front
Copyright © Igor Pejic, South Front, 2016
Articles by: Igor Pejic
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Home :: WMD :: Library :: News :: France :: 2019 ::
France to Train 300,000 African Personnel to Serve in UN Missions by 2020 - Deputy Envoy
UNITED NATIONS (Sputnik) - The government of France will prepare more than 30,000 African soldiers to participate in UN peacekeeping operations by 2020, French Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations Anne Gueguen said during the UN Security Council open debate on peacekeeping.
"France aims to train more than 30,000 African military personnel next year to allow them to serve in peacekeeping operations," Gueguen said during the open debate on Wednesday.
Geugen noted that France supports six training centres in Africa, three in Latin America and one in Asia aiming to build capacity for future troops to be deployed in peacekeeping missions throughout the world.
Geugen added that France is involved in capacity building for UN Peacekeeping in demining, health, judicial police, logistics and protection of civilians through its network of 320 experts working with security forces in a number of countries.
UN Peacekeeping, which is comprised of more than 100,000 personnel globally, assists countries to move forward in their transition from conflict to peace, according to the United Nations.
At present, there are 14 active peacekeeping operations on four continents.
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Home :: WMD :: Library :: News :: Iran :: 2019 :: July ::
Trump Threatens To Ratchet Up Sanctions On Iran
In-Depth Coverage
By RFE/RL July 10, 2019
U.S. President Donald Trump is threatening to ratchet up sanctions on Iran and has again denounced the 2015 nuclear deal Iran signed with world powers as the UN nuclear watchdog held an emergency meeting on Tehran's breach of the deal.
"Sanctions will soon be increased, substantially!" Trump said on Twitter on July 10.
In 2018, Trump pulled the United States out of the deal, which offered Tehran sanctions relief in exchange for significant curbs on its sensitive nuclear activities.
Iran had been complying with the deal, but over the weekend it increased its uranium enrichment beyond limits set in the accord in an attempt to pressure European countries to find a way around U.S. sanctions.
Trump also said that Iran had been secretly enriching uranium, without providing proof.
"Iran has long been secretly 'enriching,' in total violation of the terrible 150 Billion Dollar deal made by John Kerry and the Obama Administration," the U.S. president tweeted.
Earlier, a senior U.S. diplomat told the United Nations' nuclear watchdog that Iran's recent moves to enrich uranium beyond the limits of its 2015 nuclear deal with world powers amounted to "nuclear extortion."
Jackie Wolcott, the U.S. ambassador to international organizations in Vienna, made the remarks at an emergency meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on July 10.
Reacting to Iran's threat to further boost its enrichment of uranium if European signatories to the 2015 nuclear deal don't provide Tehran with sanctions relief within 60 days, Wolcott said Iran's "misbehavior" should "not be rewarded."
Wolcott reiterated that Washington abandoned the nuclear deal because the United States believes it was ineffective in guaranteeing that Iran is not trying to produce nuclear weapons. But she said Washington remained "open to negotiation without preconditions."
Iran's envoy to the IAEA said Tehran was prepared to return to "full implementation" of its deal with world powers, but only when matched by the full compliance of "all participants."
Kazem Gharib Abadi, told the IAEA meeting that U.S. actions were "neither legitimate nor legal" and should not be accepted by the international community.
Russia's ambassador to the IAEA, Mikhail Ulyanov, told the assembled diplomats it was an "oddity" that the meeting had been called by the United States, "the country that declared the JCPOA to be a 'terrible deal.'"
In a joint statement to the meeting, Britain, France, and Germany highlighted their continued diplomatic efforts to save the nuclear deal.
They expressed regret over the U.S. withdrawal from the accord but said again that European "commitment to the nuclear deal, including sanctions lifting for the benefit of the Iranian people, depends on full compliance by Iran."
The emergency IAEA meeting on Iran was called at the request of the United States just days after Tehran announced its second violation of the 2015 deal.
Iran says it has deliberately breached two key aspects of the 2015 accord in response to Washington's withdrawal from the deal and the reimposition of sanctions by President Donald Trump.
Tehran is now enriching uranium beyond the level agreed upon in the deal. It says it is also increasing its stockpile of low-enriched uranium above the limit in the treaty.
Tehran says it wants to compel European signatories of the nuclear deal to help Iran's sanctions-hit economy or face the collapse of the deal that took years to negotiate.
But the United States is exerting influence on its European allies to be tougher on Iran.
Germany, France, Britain, and the European Union expressed "deep concern" on July 9 at Iran's enrichment activities. They called on Tehran to reverse the move "without delay."
They also have asked for an urgent meeting of all remaining parties to the nuclear deal in the near future.
A senior Iranian official said on July 10 that Iran would not reverse its decision to increase uranium enrichment beyond the limits set by the nuclear deal until its "full rights" were fulfilled under the deal.
Ali Shamkhani, the secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, made the comments in a meeting in Tehran with French President Emmanuel Macron's top diplomatic adviser, Emmanuel Bonne, who has travelled to Tehran to decrease rising tensions.
In his meeting with Bonne, Iranian President Hassan Rohani said Tehran had "completely kept the path of diplomacy and talks open", according to a statement from his office.
Bonne also met with Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif.
Ahead of the meeting, Zarif was quoted as saying that "Negotiations are never possible under pressure," in a reference to crippling U.S. sanctions.
With reporting by AP, Reuters, AFP, dpa and IRNA
Source: https://www.rferl.org/a/un-nuclear-watchdog -holding-emergency-meeting-on-iran -at-request-of-u-s-/30047217.html
Copyright (c) 2019. RFE/RL, Inc. Reprinted with the permission of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, 1201 Connecticut Ave., N.W. Washington DC 20036.
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Home Bottle Releases Buffalo Trace Announces Col. E. H. Taylor, Jr. Amaranth Bourbon Whiskey
Buffalo Trace Announces Col. E. H. Taylor, Jr. Amaranth Bourbon Whiskey
Col. E. H. Taylor Jr. Amaranth. Photo Courtesy Buffalo Trace.
Buffalo Trace Distillery has announced the tenth member of their Col. E. H. Taylor, Jr. line, Amaranth Bourbon Whiskey, crafted using the “Grain of the Gods.”
While all bourbons must be 51% corn, Buffalo Trace’s E. H. Taylor line traditionally uses rye as a flavoring grain to make up the second largest percentage. The new release uses Amaranth, an ancient grain used by the Aztec people in both daily meals and religious ceremonies. The plant, which is similar to wheat, was such a part of their life that it was known as “the Grain of the Gods.”
While wheat is known for adding softer and silkier flavors to a bourbon, Amaranth adds new and complex flavors that range from butterscotch and spearmint on the nose, or pecans and dark berries on the finish. Official tasting notes from the distillery for the new release include a nose of “fresh spearmint… followed by honey, with a hint of cherry.” On the palate, we’re told to expect coffee and vanilla with a long finish of oats and honey.
Like most members of the E.H. Taylor line, Taylor Amaranth will be bottled-in-bond (distilled at the same distillery in the same distilling season, aged a minimum of four years in a government bonded warehouse, and bottled at 100 proof). Taylor, a founding member of Kentucky’s distilling industry, helped pass the Bottled-in-Bond Act of 1897. The special Amaranth mash bill was distilled over a decade ago and has been aging at Buffalo Trace ever since.
Previous expressions in the E.H. Taylor line include Four Grain, Cured Oak, Warehouse C Tornado Survivor, as well as the more readily available Small Batch and Single Barrel. Col. E. H. Taylor, Jr. Barrel Proof is the only member of the line not bottled-in-bond, as it is not proofed down to 100.
The distillery expects that this will be the only release of the Taylor Amaranth bottling. As with previous E.H. Taylor releases, each bottle will be encased in a cardboard tube. Six-bottle cases of E. H. Taylor Amaranth will come in wooden crates similar to those used by Taylor himself. We can expect to see a very limited amount on shelves in late July for a suggested retail price of around $70.
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Home > Middle East News > Turkey
Erdogan Takes Aim at MBS: What's Driving Turkey in the Khashoggi Scandal
Turkish President Erdogan’s animosity toward Riyadh goes back to the Arab Spring in late 2010
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Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan and King Salman of Saudi Arabia (L) are pictured during a family photo session at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Istanbul Summit in Istanbul, Turkey AprREUTERS/Murad Sezer/File Photo
Report: Saudi journalist Khashoggi's remains found
Latest news: U.S. to Impose Penalties on Saudi Arabia for Dissident Killing, Bar 21 Saudis From Entering
Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan on Tuesday dismissed attempts by Riyadh to blame Jamal Khashoggi's "savage" killing on rogue operatives, saying the person who ordered the death of the prominent Saudi journalist must "be brought to account."
In a speech to parliament about a case that has sparked outrage around the globe, Erdogan did not mention Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, or MBS, by name, who some U.S. lawmakers suspect ordered the killing.
>> 'Bring me the head of the dog': How top MBS aide ran Khashoggi's killing via Skype ■ Like a mafia boss, Erdogan plans to milk the Khashoggi investigation for all it’s worth
But Erdogan said Turkey would not complete its investigation into Khashoggi's death until all questions were answered and Turkey was told the identity of a local collaborator Riyadh says disposed of the body.
Erdogan’s motivation
The question of what is driving Erdogan to slowly release information about the investigation to pro-government news outlets, which has largely been driving the international narrative around the killing, and his high profile comments condemning the killing is still an open one.
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Erdogan’s animosity towards Riyadh goes back to the Arab Spring in late 2010. Erdogan, a devoutly religious man with a plan to further Islam’s reach in Turkey’s government and schools, had hoped like-minded governments across the region would embrace the oppressed Islamists who sought to overthrow despotic regimes in a pro-Democratic wave.
However, when the Muslim Brotherhood’s Mohamed Mursi, Egypt’s first elected president, was overthrown by General Abdel-Fattah El-Sisi after a year, Erdogan’s hopes quickly came crashing down. Gulf monarchies and dictatorships have long seen Muslim movements as existential threats, which played a major factor in the ongoing Saudi-led boycott of Qatar.
“Erdogan put all of his money behind the Brotherhood during the Arab uprisings and he’s lost everything” and “gained a lot of enemies: MBS is one of them," said Soner Cagaptay to Bloomberg, director of the Turkish Research Program at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Bloomberg’s Benjamin Harvey adds, “Turkey’s impassioned backing of Mursi and other Brotherhood-inspired movements created a kind of regional anti-Erdogan bloc led by the Saudis, El-Sisi’s Egypt and the U.A.E.’s Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed, or MBZ.”
Where Turkey is aiming
Erdogan said in his speech to parliament that he believes the murder goes all the way to the top. "Intelligence and security institutions have evidence showing the murder was planned.... Pinning such a case on some security and intelligence members will not satisfy us or the international community," he said.
"The Saudi administration has taken an important step by admitting to the murder. From now on, we expect them to uncover all those responsible for this matter from top to bottom and make them face the necessary punishments," he said.
Erdogan is likely to continue to push the Saudi leadership in the spotlight as he appears to have a lot to gain from a fractured U.S.-Saudi alliance. U.S. President Donald Trump, with the help of his son-in-law and adviser Jared Kushner, has made the Saudis a key part of any peace deal between Israel and the Palestinians, a reality Erdogan is actively working to change.
MBS, who has a close relationship with Kushner, gave the impression last year that Riyadh endorsed the Trump administration’s still nebulous Middle East peace plan, including U.S. recognition of Jerusalem as Israel’s capital, the king made a public correction, reaffirming Riyadh's commitment to the Arab and Muslim identity of the city.
MBS’s June 2017 blockade of Qatar resulted in Qatar, which the Saudis accused of promoting terrorism through the Muslim Brotherhood, seeking help from Turkey. Erdogan deployed troops to Qatar in show of force to help ensure that the Saudis would not invade. Additionally Erdogan is on the opposite side of the Saudis and the UAE in Syria, where Turkey is closely aligned with Russia and Iran - the Saudis arch-enemy who they are also fighting in Yemen and Lebanon.
Reuters contributed to this report
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What does International Women’s Day mean to you?
08Mar 2017 by pegschools No Comments
Equality for women in the workplace is a major focus of the day
March 8 is International Women’s Day. All of us—not just women—have plenty to think about on this important day. This year’s theme is #BeBoldForChange. The goal is to “help forge a better working world—a more inclusive, gender equal world.”
Despite a lot of progress, there is still a gender gap between men and women when it comes to the workplace. What are some of the solutions to the gender gap? The World Economic Forum suggests a few ways that employers can help achieve a more gender equal workplace:
Provide development and leadership training for women
Offer and support flexible work
Make career paths and salaries more transparent
Promote work-life balance
Support integrating women into the value chain
Set targets and measure progress toward gender equity
Women’s Firsts
In honor of International Women’s Day, we want to celebrate some of the great “firsts” that women have achieved since the first International Women’s Day in 1909.
1910: Alice Stebbins Wells was the first American woman to become a police officer.
1912: Girl Scouts established.
1916: Jeannette Rankin was the first woman to be elected to Congress.
1921: Edith Wharton was the first woman in the U.S. to win the Pulitzer Prize.
1925: Nellie Taloe Ross was the first woman to be elected as a Governor.
1928: Amelia Earhart was the first woman to fly across the U.S.
1934: Lettie Pate Whitehead was the first female director of a major corporation—the Coca-Cola Company.
1942: Anna Leah Fox was the first woman who received the Purple Heart.
1949: Sara Christian was the first female competitor in a major league NASCAR stock car race.
1957: Decoy: Police Woman was the first TV show to feature a female protagonist.
1959: Arlene Pieper was the first American woman to finish a marathon.
1970: Patricia Palinkas was the first woman to play in an American football game professionally.
1979: Susan B. Anthony was the first woman on a U.S. coin.
1981: Sandra Day O’Connor was the first female justice on the U.S. Supreme Court.
1982: Sally Ride was the first American woman in space.
1984: Geraldine Ferraro was the first woman to run as the vice presidential candidate on a major party ticket.
1987: Aretha Franklin was the first woman in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
1983: Janet Reno was the first female U.S. Attorney General.
1997: Madeline Albright was the first female U.S. Secretary of State.
2007: Nancy Pelosi was the first female Speaker of the House, and is the highest-ranking woman in U.S. political history.
2015: Jennifer Welter was the first woman to coach in men’s indoor pro football.
2016: Hillary Clinton was the first woman nominated for president by a major political party.
With all these impressive firsts, we say “way to go!” We hope this article has inspired you to reflect on the history and future of women on March 8: International Women’s Day.
*These “firsts” were retrieved from Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_American_women’s_firsts)
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Out on call
HELIMED58 Cumbria
GNAAS fly in after boy injured in playground
Yesterday afternoon, medics from the Great North Air Ambulance were called into action when a ten-year-old boy injured his back in a Stockton school. The crew were called out at 1pm to the Tilery area and flew to the scene in the Guardian of the North helicopter. On scene, the charity’s doctor and paramedic team worked alongside medics from the North East Ambulance Service. The boy was able to be transported by road, with the GNAAS team accompanying him on the journey. He arrived at James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough in a stable condition with non-life-threatening back injuries. .
Yesterday afternoon, medics from the Great North Air Ambulance were called into action when a ten-year-old boy injured his back in a Stockton school.
The crew were called out at 1pm to the Tilery area and flew to the scene in the Guardian of the North helicopter.
On scene, the charity’s doctor and paramedic team worked alongside medics from the North East Ambulance Service.
The boy was able to be transported by road, with the GNAAS team accompanying him on the journey.
He arrived at James Cook University Hospital in Middlesbrough in a stable condition with non-life-threatening back injuries.
June the 4th, 2013
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August 11, 2016 | By Jessica Still In Who is Griswold
NYU Student Awarded Griswold Home Care Scholarship
Twice each year, Griswold Home Care awards a $1,000 scholarship to a deserving student who demonstrates a commitment to caregiving and making a difference in the lives of others. It is our hope to help further the educational goals of these students who are putting the needs of others before their own.
Griswold Home Care is pleased to announce Paige Alenick as the most recent winner of our bi-annual scholarship. Paige is currently a student at New York University, majoring in Psychology with the intent to earn a Ph.D. in Behavioral Psychology. She will receive a $1,000 scholarship to apply to her continuing education.
Throughout her matriculation at NYU, she has maintained an impressive 3.76 – 4.0 GPA. Even more impressive, Paige has been active in helping older adults since she was only seven years of age.
“I became the youngest and first outsider ever to join a group called JOY (Joining Old & Young), a high school chorus that sings songs from the 1940s at assisted living facilities,” recalled Paige. “I remained in JOY for 11 years, leading the group for my last two. The opportunity to take those in the audience back to their youth through music — to see their actual tears of joy and to hear the clapping by those in wheelchairs, was spectacular. Similarly, the meet-and-greets after each concert were an amazing opportunity to learn from those who so appreciated the chance to share their lives and to reduce their loneliness.”
But Paige didn’t stop there. She continued to expand her work to include helping others around the world maintain their health. In 2011, Paige founded Donate-A-Toothbrush, an organization that calls attention to the pain and disease suffered by millions due to poor oral health and which collects and distributes toothbrushes to people in need around the world.
“The challenge both with Donate-a-Toothbrush and with JOY is to sustain the caregiving efforts,” Paige observed. “Visiting the elderly just once and collecting a few toothbrushes is nice, but not good enough. The task at hand is to continue the support and to encourage others to join you.”
To date, Paige and Donate-a-Toothbrush have collected 145,000 toothbrushes that have been distributed in more than 60 countries around the world. Because shipping can be expensive, many of the toothbrushes are given to World Dental Relief, a 501(c)(3) organization that sponsors hundreds of missions each year in Third World countries. Thanks to Paige, World Dental Relief has a steady supply of toothbrushes.
Additionally, Paige promotes her organization via social media and outreach to hundreds of dentists throughout the country. She’s attended dental conferences to help build partnerships with major corporations to help advance efforts to care for the health of the less fortunate.
Griswold is honored to award our bi-annual scholarship to Paige and wish her continued success in her studies and journeys in caring.
“Kindness is contagious,” said Paige. “Share with others your good ideas about supporting someone in need. You’ll be surprised at how much support you’ll receive both with in kind donations and money. Such support is exactly what’s needed for a small effort at support to grow into a much larger one. Find something about which you are passionate, and apply yourself to this passion in a way that will support someone in need.”
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September 2, 2015 | By Sarah Peterman In Nutrition & Diet, Process of Aging
Rethinking Cholesterol Guidelines
There are exciting new findings in the world of diet and nutrition, especially for those of us that miss having a side of eggs in the morning! The Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, in a report filed with the Department of Health and Human Services, has created new cholesterol guidelines for 2015.
For the past 50 years, the recommendation from U.S. healthcare providers has been to keep cholesterol levels in the American diet low. This warning was in place because of physicians’ longstanding beliefs about cholesterol’s role in the composition of plaque, the artery clogging substance that is a contributing factor in heart disease. With new research however, the committee has come to believe that the impact of certain types of cholesterol may not be as bad as originally thought.
Why the Sudden Change?
What scientific studies have shown over the years, is that a full health assessment is the best way to check for heart disease. Before this revelation, unsafe levels of LDL or “bad cholesterol” was the primary catalyst for doctors to begin heart disease treatment on patients. However, there was not a correlation between eating cholesterol-rich foods and heart disease in otherwise healthy adults. In fact, the majority of cholesterol in the body is created by the liver and only about 20% comes from food.
It is not abnormal for cholesterol levels to increase through adulthood before leveling off around the age of 60. Furthermore, only a minority of the population seems to have an adverse reaction to cholesterol in a way that would cause heart disease.
Researchers have come to the conclusion that genetics, activity levels and weight are greater contributors to heart disease than target LDL numbers. This new level of understanding by the medical community was enough for cholesterol warnings to be dropped from U.S. dietary recommendations.
What Does This Mean for Seniors and You?
Yet, the change in guidelines is not a carte blanche endorsement for consuming high cholesterol foods. Target LDL numbers may become a thing of the past, but the distinction between unsafe LDL and safer HDL “good cholesterol” foods still remains, in part because of cholesterol’s relation to harmful trans-fats. In other words while you may be able to enjoy eggs and other HDL cholesterol foods again, it’s still a good idea to consume foods like fatty meats in moderation.
Before making any changes to your diet remember that these guidelines were meant for healthy adults. Speak with your doctor before making any nutritional changes, especially if you have had a previous heart condition, are on medication(s) or have a chronic illness. To help you through the conversation with your doctor, the American Heart Association offers an in depth analysis of the new cholesterol guidelines.
Seniors, in particular, should also be aware that the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee’s recommendations for 2015 also emphasized that the over-consumption of sugar and sodium are contributors to heart disease. Maintaining an active lifestyle and consuming nutrients such as fruits, vegetables, vitamin D and fiber can help you to keep heart disease at bay.
As always, before making any changes to your diet, consult with your doctor first.
What do you think about these new changes to cholesterol guidelines? Are you more likely to spread some butter on your morning toast, or are you wary of any of these changes. Let us know your thoughts in the comments below!
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