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__label__wiki	0.540778	0.540778	Toddler killed in driveway believed to be Olympian's son by Heather McNab 14th Jul 2019 5:48 PM A one-year-old boy who died after he was struck by a car in a driveway in Sydney's west is believed to be the son of Olympic athlete Isaac Ntiamoah. The toddler was hit by the car at the front of a Green Valley home about 3pm on Friday, NSW Police said in a statement. His mother took him to Liverpool Hospital but he died a short time later. The boy is believed to be Josiah Ntiamoah, the son of Australian relay and track athlete Isaac Ntiamoah. Olympian Isaac Ntiamoah's son Josiah dead Ntiamoah was driving to and from his house to pick up supplies for his son's birthday party, The Daily Telegraph reports. In a statement on Sunday afternoon, the Ntiamoah family said Josiah was their "joy and delight". "He was our miracle baby. We cannot believe he is no longer with us," the statement said. "What we do know is that he is with his heavenly father and we trust that God will help us in these painful days ahead." The family asked for privacy as they "honour his memory" and grieve with family and friends. Police have taken the car for forensic examination and the boy's 36-year-old father has been subject to mandatory blood and urine tests. McCabe's ready for relay challenge driveway death isaac ntiamoah josiah ntiamoah toddler death driveway death isaac ntiamoah josiah ntiamoah olympian toddler death	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1334
__label__wiki	0.518274	0.518274	Pedro Veniss Nationality: Brazil Back to Madrid in Motion team page Pedro Veniss began riding at the tender age of four years old. Coming from a family background of involvement with horses, he knew he wanted to be in equestrian for as long as he could remember. Currently living in Belgium, Pedro speaks English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. When he celebrated his 18th birthday, he agreed with his parents that he would spend a year in Europe before going to university. He moved to Belgium, where he still resides! His sporting hero is Brazilian showjumper Rodrigo Pessoa, and his motto is "you reap what you sow". Team Gold medallist at 2007 Pan-Am Games of Rio de Janeiro with Un Blanc de Blancs Competed in the 2008 Olympic Games of Beijing with Un Blanc de Blancs Competed in the 2010 World Championship of Lexington with Amaryllis Competed in the 2014 World Championship of Caen with Quabri de l’Isle Competed in the 2015 Pan-Am Games of Toronto with Quabri de l’Isle Competed in the 2016 Olymic Games of Rio de Janeiro with Quabri de l’Isle 2016 GCL rider for Madrid in Motion Follow Pedro Madrid in Motion Magnificent As GCL Ranking Tightens... GCL Jets into Paris for exhilarating 10th round of the...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1336
__label__wiki	0.591982	0.591982	The Audit Committee comprises Murray Legg, Peter Harkness, Annette Barnes and Andrew Day. Murray Legg is a Chartered Accountant with over 35 years of audit and advisory experience. The committee met four times in the year with the external auditors in attendance. The committee is responsible for reviewing the Interim Report and the Annual Report and accounts and it oversees the controls necessary to ensure the integrity of the financial information reported to shareholders. The Audit Committee discusses the nature, scope and findings of the audit with the external auditors, and monitors the independence of the external auditors. The committee is also responsible for considering the appointment or re-appointment of external auditors and the audit fee. The terms for the Audit Committee are available for inspection on request. The Audit Committee discharges its responsibilities through receiving reports from management and advisers, working closely with the auditors, carrying out and reviewing risk assessment and taking counsel where appropriate in areas when required to make a judgment. The Audit Committee has considered the need for a separate internal audit function but due to the size of the Group and procedures in place to monitor both trading performance and internal controls, it was concluded that the costs of a separate internal audit department would outweigh the benefits. In order to maintain the independence of the external auditors, the Board has determined that non-audit work will not be offered to the external auditors unless there are clear efficiencies and value added benefits to the Group. The Audit Committee annually reviews the remuneration received by the auditors for audit services and non-audit work. The outcome of this review was that the performance of this work by the auditors was the most cost effective and also that no conflict existed between such audit and non-audit work. The full terms of reference can be found here: Terms of reference for the Audit Committee The Remuneration Committee comprises Peter Harkness and Murray Legg. The Remuneration Committee is responsible for determining the service contract terms, remuneration and other benefits of the executive directors, details of which are set out in the Remuneration Report. The terms of reference of the Remuneration Committee are available for inspection on request. The full terms of reference can be found here: Terms of reference for the Remuneration Committee	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1337
__label__cc	0.596328	0.403672	Afghanistan: Fatal Military Quagmire Occupation Forces unable to defeat armed opposition militarily By Hamayon Rastgar In-depth Report: AFGHANISTAN The American led western adventure in Afghanistan seems to be stumbling towards failure. With every passing day it appears that the Americans and their allies are stuck in a fatal military quagmire; their political and military weaknesses and limitations have been exposed by their inability to defeat an armed resistance which is intensifying daily. The western alliance has serious difficulty in harmonizing their military actions and unifying their political purpose. And the opposition to the war amongst the people of western countries involved in Afghanistan has been growing. All signs indicate that not only are the occupying powers unable to resolve the crises in their favour, but that their troubles are going to intensify in the coming years. The continuous brutalities of war and occupation, the broken promises, the corruption of the puppet regime, and people’s mounting miseries under the occupation have increased resentment towards the occupying forces and their puppet government in the country. This constant unrest and turbulence is spreading across the land, in cities and villages. Both the occupying authorities and the puppet regime realize the direness of the situation and have recognized that they are now unable to defeat their armed opposition militarily. This is why they are appealing to the insurgents for a negotiated end to the armed resistance. Some circles in the West–and also within Afghanistan–have shown interest and hope in current rumors of ongoing negotiations between the Taliban and the Karzai government. These negotiations however, lead nowhere. The Taliban have already rejected the possibility of negotiations and accommodations with the government unless there is a withdrawal of occupation forces. Furthermore, even if Karzai were to utilize his relations with certain elements within the Taliban and bring them under the umbrella of the puppet government, this would not end the conflict. There are already many ex-Taliban members and leaders in the puppet government. First and foremost the head of the current puppet regime, Karzai himself, was a former Taliban member. Mullah Salaam Rocketi a renowned Taliban military commander is in the parliament of the puppet government. Maulawi Ahmad Mutawakil, a senior leader in the Taliban movement and its minister of foreign affairs is living in Kabul under Karzai’s auspices. Maulana Zaeef, the senior Taliban member and their ambassador to Pakistan, is also living in Kabul. The case of Maulawi Ahmad Mutawakil is the most interesting of these, since he always gives pro-Taliban interviews to TV and radio channels. Due to these official interviews one might possibly doubt that he is the Taliban’s unofficial representative in Kabul. Increasing the list of the above-mentioned Taliban members within the puppet regime, or as respected guests in the affluent Kabul neighborhoods is not going to change things much. We can even imagine ailing Taliban commanders taking advantage of Karzai’s “kindness” and arriving for physical checkups and treatments under the guise of a peace process. But the war itself will continue. There is mounting opposition in the West to the war in Afghanistan. The increasing death toll among occupying troops has heightened th campaign against the war in Western countries. The populations’ antipathy for war efforts may make it significantly difficult for the western governments to continue their mission in Afghanistan. Already several NATO countries are shying away from taking their troops to the battlegrounds of southern Afghanistan. It is possible that, if the armed resistance spreads further across Afghanistan, the alliance of western countries will crumble and many of the thirty-six countries with troops will withdraw their troops. Even now the popular opposition to the war is on the rise in all countries with troops in Afghanistan. The imperialists are trying to change this situation in their favour by arguing that their presence in Afghanistan benefits the native population. They have just celebrated a public opinion poll in Afghanistan that shows that a majority of people in Afghanistan is supporting the presence of western troops in their country. The Afghan “Opinion Poll” There are numerous reasons to doubt this poll as a dubious attempt to convince the people in western countries of the justness of the war in Afghanistan, one being that this poll was conducted by an organization (Afghanistan Centre for Social and Opinion Research) that receives its funding from the USAID. Thus, due to the ideology of this funding source, it is entirely possible the poll would produce results that support the interests of the donor institutions Additionally, anyone familiar with the situation in Afghanistan will know that it is very difficult to conduct public opinion polls in the appropriate fashion. Afghanistan is a semi-feudal country in which a majority of people lives in the countryside. The system of communication and transportation is very limited or non-existent in many parts of the country. Therefore, it would be very difficult to reach a significant portion of the population. Afghanistan is also in a war situation, where armed insurgency and opposition to the government and the occupying powers has ended the control of government and occupying forces in many places. Thus, it would be impossible for pro-government pollsters to travel to those places. It is most likely that the organization funded for manufacturing the poll has largely conducted their activities in urban areas, where only 20 percent of the country’s population reside. Most probably, the pollsters have also not bothered to pay a trip to poor neighborhoods, preferring to ask questions in the safe environment of the unofficial ‘greenzones’ in some cities and thus meeting their quota of 1600 people. In such a circumstances, the polls would indeed produce a result that would be sweet on the ears of General Rick Hillier, Stephen Harper, George W. Bush, and their likes. Or if the results were not really appealing, one could simply adjust a few statistics, as is usually being done. The polls were an attempt to boost support for the war. With the intensification of the war, the governments who have joined George W. Bush’s war on Afghanistan are finding themselves in serious trouble. The coming winter might slow down the insurgency and the war, but the start of the spring might bring even a deadlier year for the occupying troops. A possible failure for the mission is clearly in sight. This is question now: will the policy makers in the west come to their senses and withdraw in a way where limited harm is done to the people in Afghanistan? Or will they escalate their atrocities within Afghanistan and spread their war beyond this country’s borders and pushing the world towards even more hazardous disasters. We should not take the ruling classes of the western imperialist countries very lightly; they can always increase repression and use coercion instead of convincing–even against their own people–and commit mass murders abroad. Only strong and dynamic social movements in opposition to war, occupation and imperialism can change things for the better in Afghanistan and elsewhere. Hamayon Rastgar is an Afghan-Canadian and a member of Afghanistan-Canada Research Group (ACRG). He traveled to Afghanistan, along with Mike Skinner also a member of ACRG, in the summer of 2007 and spent three months in the country doing research. [email protected] Copyright © Hamayon Rastgar, Global Research, 2007 Articles by: Hamayon Rastgar	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1338
__label__wiki	0.838665	0.838665	Barcelona’s decline: Terrible transfers & La Masia betrayal doomed Messi & Co. Ben Hayward Barcelona v Eibar It has been a miserable season for the Blaugrana as they failed to win La Liga and fell well short in Europe. So who is to blame for these failures? Barcelona's domestic dominance is over. While Luis Enrique's side hung on to claim La Liga by a single point in 2015-16, there was no title for the Catalan club this time around. Gradually, the Blaugrana have allowed themselves to be overtaken - and the signs were there even a year ago. Messi made to look human by Juve In beating Real Madrid in the Clasico at the Santiago Bernabeu last month and completing a miraculous comeback against Paris Saint-Germain in the Champions League second round, Barca showed that on their day they can still be the best around. But while those two matches represent the highlights of an inconsistent season, Los Blancos could end the campaign with a Liga and Champions League double. Not so long ago, it was the other way around. However, the Blaugrana have fallen into decline since winning the treble in 2014-15 and this season's struggles are really an inevitable upshot of some poor decision-making in many different areas over the past two years. Mistakes have been made in the transfer market. Barca have spent €175 million on new players since winning the treble and of all those signings, only Samuel Umtiti (a €25m purchase from Lyon last summer) has really impressed. The remaining €150m, splashed on the likes of Arda Turan, Aleix Vidal, Paco Alcacer, Andre Gomes and Lucas Digne, cannot be considered money well spent. In truth, Barcelona have not been the same side since Xavi left in 2015. Although not an automatic starter for Luis Enrique in his last season, he allowed the club to revert to type with their passing game when needed, a cool head who could come on and make the team play as they did in their most memorable moments. "Real Madrid have brought in players of a great level in the transfer market," Fabio Capello commented in March. "But Barcelona haven't strengthened as they should have. There is no replacement for Xavi and when Andres Iniesta is injured, there is something missing." 'Verratti ideal for Barcelona' Xavi moved to Qatar in the summer of 2015 and Pedro also left in search of more first-team football. The transfer ban that followed meant the club were unable to field new players in 2015 and those two were not really replaced, with Arda and Vidal made to wait for their debuts until January 2016. The pair did not settle very quickly anyway and have still not made much of a mark, although Arda did start this season well as a deputy for Neymar and Vidal showed signs of his quality before picking up a serious injury that has seen him ruled out for the remainder of this season. Dani Alves was also allowed to leave last summer in what was another dreadful decision, despite the fact he had signed a new contract the previous year, and the Brazilian hit out at the board, claiming they have no idea to treat players. "They were very false and ungrateful," Alves said earlier this year. "They did not respect me. They only offered me a renewal because of the FIFA transfer ban. The people who run Barcelona have no idea how to treat their players." Alves' subsequent showings at Juventus and Barca's troubles at right-back have highlighted just what a glaring error it was to allow him to leave on a free transfer and had he stayed, Barca might be celebrating a third successive Liga title now instead of missing out to Madrid. On top of all that, there has been more of an emphasis placed on the development of more physically strong footballers at La Masia as the focus has moved away from technique and the Tiki Taka style which produced players like Xavi, Andres Iniesta, Sergio Busquets and others. SPECIAL REPORT: The destruction of La Masia In the meantime, the outgoing Luis Enrique has also failed to halt the team's decline. Too many players have been off form in the current campaign and although the coach enjoyed some success by switching to 3-4-3 ahead of the comeback against PSG, he has been unable to provide the tactical solutions to retain La Liga or compete in Europe - where Barca have been knocked out in the last eight in each of the past two seasons. While Madrid have assembled the strongest squad in world football, Barca have a great first XI with little in the way of quality back-up and after mistakes made by the board and coaching staff in recent seasons, it is no surprise that the Catalans are now second best at home and well off the pace in Europe. "We don't depend on ourselves," Luis Enrique said on Saturday. "We haven't been at a good enough level to depend on ourselves to win La Liga. We know that in football, the line that separates success and failure is very thin." In reality, however, this failure is the consequence of poor planning by the Catalan club. And with a new coach coming in, probably Athletic Club's Ernesto Valverde, a rebuilding process needs to start immediately. Because there is plenty of work ahead to make this team competitive again - especially as champions Madrid look set to become even stronger this summer.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1339
__label__cc	0.630865	0.369135	Rebuilding the ARC $15,023 of $100,000 goal Created March 11, 2019 Bob George Creative NEW YORK, NY ARC is launching our first-ever fundraising campaign. Thanks to the generous support of The Jaharis Family Foundation the first $50,000 raised will be matched dollar-for-dollar. We are also seeking other matching funds with a goal of $100,000. The ARChive of Contemporary Music (ARC) is a not-for-profit archive, music library and research center located in New York City since 1985. We collect, preserve and provide information on the popular music of all cultures and races throughout the world. With more than three million recordings we are the largest popular music collection in America. We are also the first independent popular music collection, now in our 34th year of operation. "It's so important to preserve our music and have a place where it's accessible, to go back and listen to old recordings and experience firsthand what life and the art form was like at that time. The ARChive is the only place that is saving our product" Nile Rodgers. The value of ARC’s collection is not only in the rareness of many of our recordings, but in the breadth, size and organization of the collection. For every signed and unique copy of an early Rolling Stones LP, there are hundreds of relevant, formative, relatively unknown recordings that contributed to its creation, and thousands that benefit from its existence. “[ARC is]…The future of music, inspired by the history of music” Craig Kallman, CEO Atlantic Record. We preserve copies of each version of every recording, in all known formats. You can listen to 118,800+ 78rpm discs that we helped collect, and sample audio on a portion of our CD collection - 166,887 CDs . Anyone can borrow more than 3,000 of our music books online . You can see all we do on our website, www.arcmusic.org . Our passion for music from other cultures has led us to create a series of online and live events. To date these “music weeks” include explorations of the music of the Muslim world , Brazil , India , Cuba . Because of the breadth and quality of our holdings, ARC was chosen to supply scans of thousands of record covers for the opening of The Nesuhi Ertegun Jazz Hall of Fame at Lincoln Center in New York City and the Grammy Museum in Los Angeles, California. “[ARC]… they have a real vision of where they want to go. They’re in it for the long haul.” Lou Reed in Newsweek Magazine (1987) Our Independence is important to us. We operate without any City, State or Federal funds. We cherish the ability to work on projects of choice and free from restrictions or the dependence on governmental/taxpayer support. Our once affordable rent on White Street has skyrocketed to $21,000 a month, making it increasingly difficult for a pure research organization to survive in Lower Manhattan. Our home is in New York and we would love to stay here. And don't forget all donors giving $50 or more are instant ARC Members and can shop early at our Summer Record Sale and attend our Member's only party! "In a country that has lost too much culture simply because no one has bothered to save it, there are a lot worse uses for money than a nondiscriminatory music archive." David Hinckley, New York Daily News. Our simple goal is to guarantee that the world’s musical heritage is preserved for future generations to study and enjoy. Video “From Rock House to Dream House, a few of the millions of recordings preserved by ARC.” by Brett Berman. Thanks to Virtual Label, LLC and the Mekons for the use of their song, “Memphis Egypt ” Posted by Bob George Hello + thanks to all who donated to help Rebuild the ARC! We raised over $50,000 through GoFund Me + our website + qualified for the matching amount. Uf you're in the NYC area do drop by for our Record Sale Party tomorrow, Thursday June 6, from 6-9. Otherwise come to the sale June 8-23 open everyday 11-6. And on Thursday June 20 we have a Rockabilly concert at 7pm. Hope to meet you and say thanks. RSVP if you want to attend the party. Yours, b.george Dear Friends - Thanks so much for your help in ReBuilding the ARC! To date we've raised $12,000 online and $30,000 via paypal and checks. With 3 weeks to go in our campaign we need to raise another $8K to qualify for the $50 matching grant. Not asking you for more, but to let other know about the ARC and all we do. Thanks again and hope to see you down here one day! Funds raised will benefit: ARChive of Contemporary Music Certified Charity + Learn More EIN: 133347764 You make a donation using a PayPal account or a credit/debit card to PayPal Giving Fund (a 501(c)(3) charitable organization). After the deduction of payment processing fees, PayPal Giving Fund delivers the funds it receives to the chosen charity on a monthly basis.* * If, after reasonable efforts, PayPal Giving Fund cannot deliver donations to this charity, the funds may be donated to another charity per PayPal Giving Fund’s policies. Craig Michie Cheryl McEnaney Robert Schnell Timothy McDonough Beth Sopko Peter Hirsch Keith McCarthy Rich Mudge Viewing 10 of 222 Donations	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1340
__label__wiki	0.815773	0.815773	Smartphone shipments hit 1 billion in 2013, says I... Smartphone shipments hit 1 billion in 2013, says IDC Android dominated the market, Apple saw modest growth and Windows Phone shipments almost doubled Martyn Williams (IDG News Service) on 12 February, 2014 17:47 The world's love affair with the smartphone continued unabated in 2013 with consumers snapping up more than 1 billion handsets during the year, according to an IDC estimate. The figure, which represents a new smartphone for roughly one out of every seven people on the planet, is all the more impressive when it's compared to the year before. In 2012, total shipments were 725 million phones, so last year saw an additional 275 million smartphones sold - a jump of 39 per cent over 2012. "I think there is still some energy to be had," said Ramon Llamas, one of the IDC analysts who worked on the report. "Last year we saw pretty similar growth. It bodes well for the market." IDC estimated that 79 per cent of smartphones shipped in 2013 - just under four out of every five - were running Android. In the global market, second-ranked Apple iOS isn't even close. Apple devices accounted for just over 15 per cent of shipments at 153 million, an increase of 13 per cent on the previous year. However, the Apple number compared to Android isn't perhaps as bad as it seems. The company managed that market share from a handful of phones that are generally the most expensive on sale in any market. The IDC numbers contained some good news for Microsoft. Windows Phone shipments rose to 33 million, just under double what they were in 2012. BlackBerry OS saw its share slide by 40 percent to 19 million handsets. Looking ahead, IDC cautioned that it believes double-digit growth has only a few more years to go before it slows down. While all of the headlines and marketing is focused on flagship phones -- the latest iPhone, Samsung's Galaxy Note 3, the HTC One and the like -- increasingly phone makers will be looking to cheaper handsets to keep the market expanding. "The question is where is the growth coming from?," said Llamas. "It's going to be in the low end. The sub-$100, sub-$50 and even sub-$25 phones, especially in emerging markets." Many of those phones run Android. The operating system is offered at no cost by Google, which has made it popular with companies producing low-cost handsets. Martyn Williams covers mobile telecoms, Silicon Valley and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Martyn on Twitter at @martyn_williams. Martyn's e-mail address is martyn_williams@idg.com Tags MicrosoftsmartphonesBlackberryGoogleAppleIDCconsumer electronics Martyn Williams	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1342
__label__wiki	0.975641	0.975641	Craig Ruttle/AP In Marie Claire interview, Hillary Clinton insists she won’t run again Secretary of State says she will be cheering for the first female president. Lara Seligman, By Lara Seligman As Hillary Clinton prepares to step down as Secretary of State, the former presidential candidate told Marie Claire magazine in a wide-ranging interview that she will not run for president in 2016. Although Clinton said she will be cheering for whoever becomes the first female president, she insisted that she is looking forward to having her life back again – away from the public sphere. “I have been on this high wire of national and international politics and leadership for 20 years," she said. "It has been an absolutely extraordinary personal honor and experience. But I really want to just have my own time back. I want to just be my own person.” Clinton also offered her opinion of last summer’s cover story in The Atlantic entitled “Why Women Still Can’t Have It All," written by Clinton’s former director of policy planning Anne-Marie Slaughter. In the piece, Slaughter, the mother of two teenage boys, describes how she felt obliged to quit her job. When asked about the article, Clinton’s disapproval was “palpable,” Marie Claire’s Ayelet Waldman writes. “Some women are not comfortable working at the pace and intensity you have to work at in these jobs… Other women don’t break a sweat,” Clinton said, emphasizing that Slaughter’s problems were her own. “I can’t stand whining. I can’t stand the kind of paralysis that some people fall into because they’re not happy with the choices they've made.” However, a spokesperson said Clinton was not slamming Anne-Marie Slaughter, claiming instead that Clinton's remarks condemned Holden Caulfield, the fictional character from "The Catcher in the Rye." “With all due respect to JD Salinger,” Clinton spokesman Philippe Reines said in a release, “it’s clear as day from the transcript that the only person being called a whiner is his fictional character Holden Caulfield." Slaughter herself took to Twitter after the article was published online to respond to the claim that Clinton's disapproval was aimed at her. "Hillary Clinton, for whom I have the greatest admiration and loyalty, was not talking about me when she mentioned whining. #anything4astory," she tweeted. NEXT STORY: What Romney's Cabinet might look like	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1343
__label__wiki	0.964747	0.964747	Home Latest John Morgan Takes Charge As James Heimowitz Exits H+K Strategies CEO/Editor-in-Chief John Morgan Takes Charge As James Heimowitz Exits H+K Strategies Hill+Knowlton Strategies has named John Morgan as its new Asia-Pacific head, following the departure of James Heimowitz. Arun Sudhaman 04 Dec 2012 // 12:00AM GMT HONG KONG--Hill+Knowlton Strategies has named John Morgan as its new Asia-Pacific head, following the exit of James Heimowitz. Heimowitz steps down to "pursue other opportunities", after eight years with the firm. He will continue as a senior advisor to assist with the leadership transition to Morgan, who joined H+K as the firm's Asia-Pacific COO earlier in the year following a lengthy stint at GolinHarris. Heimowitz rejoined H+K in 2004 to head North Asia in tandem with Asia-Pacific chief Vivian Lines. A restructure last year saw Heimowitz handed additional oversight for Southeast Asia. The Middle East and India are now headed by Sconaid McGeachin, following the passing of Dave Robinson, while Sue Cook heads Australia. Heimowitz told the Holmes Report that when he rejoined H+K, the firm was "struggling." "Since then, H+K Asia has grown tremendously to become a vibrant, award-wining agency," he added. "It has expanded both its geographic footprint with multiple new offices, as well as adding cutting edge functional expertise across service offerings. I am delighted with all that has been accomplished during my time leading the region." “John is a communications veteran with more than a decade of experience managing agencies across Asia Pacific,” said H+K chairman and CEO Jack Martin, to whom Morgan will report. “I am confident he will continue his track record of building award-winning, high-performance offices in Asia as we continue to elevate the sophistication of our counsel and services." Prior to joining Hill+Knowlton Strategies, Morgan served as regional managing director for the Greater China region for GolinHarris. At H+K, he will oversee a region with nearly 500 people working in 14 offices across Asia. “I am looking forward to working closely with the region’s senior leadership team, staff and clients,” said Morgan. “Hill+Knowlton Strategies has a long and rich tradition in Asia. We opened our first office in the region in the 1950s, and we have been at the forefront of many of the region’s groundbreaking communications and public relations work. I’m looking forward to leading our firm towards a period of sustained growth in the years to come as well as further sophistication of our services.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1348
__label__wiki	0.890988	0.890988	New bulk container blow molder planning US plants MASCHIOPACK GmbH Composite intermediate bulk container maker MaschioPack North America LLC expects to build its first American facility this year and has big plans to expand quickly throughout the United States.“We have every intention to be a major player here in the U.S.,” said Pete Brunn, MaschioPack North America’s vice president and general manager, in a phone interview. The company hopes to have four regional plants across the country in place within five years, but it all starts with the first facility. The company will be a wholly owned subsidiary of Colonial Group Inc., of Savannah, Ga. It will use blow molding technology licensed from Erkelenz, Germany-based MaschioPack GmbH. Brunn said the North American executives are looking at four locations near Atlanta, and expect to make a decision soon. Equipment, including custom-made blow molding machines, will be manufactured in Europe and delivered starting in September. MaschioPack hopes to start production in October and will start by producing 275- and 330-gallon IBCs. Brunn said the plant will start with one production shift, with a plan to eventually hire 40-50 workers and operate around-the-clock. The company’s IBC’s will transport liquids ranging from specialty chemicals and food additives, to coatings and oils — anything compatible with high density polyethylene. Pietro Maschio, president of MaschioPack GmbH in Germany, designs proprietary blow molding equipment and systems, and has manufacturing plants in Germany, France, Spain and Italy. His companies make IBCs, drums and jerrycans. Brunn, who has known Maschio for many years, said he has been involved with industrial packaging since 1972. This is the first venture for Colonial into packaging. The third-generation, family-run company has operations in natural gas storage and marketing, liquid and dry bulk terminals, retail fuel and convenience stores, industrial chemical supply and distribution and marine vessel safety and compliance consulting. It has more than 900 employees.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1358
__label__cc	0.716311	0.283689	Our Four Favorite Things to Do in St. Thomas One of the world's busiest cruise ports, Charlotte Amalie, St. Thomas, is a launching point for a wide range of activities on the splendid island. St. Thomas, a U.S. Virgin Island constituency, along with St. John, St. Croix and other smaller islands in the region, was spotted by Columbus in 1493 during the explorer's second voyage to the "New World." The island was home to pirates and various small settlements before a European power, Denmark, chose to occupy and claim it and other islands in 1671. In 1917, the United States bought the Danish West Indies from Denmark for $25 million, leading to U.S. Navy rule of the three "Virgin Islands of America" until 1931. Governors have since led the government on the islands. We've been to St. Thomas three times. If you go, we recommend a few things to try while you're there. Laze at a beach. You don't have to go far offshore to find some wonderful snorkeling. We've had a great time trying out different beaches on St. Thomas. You can plop down on a chair, grab beers and food, head out for a snorkel and swim then back to your chairs to relax and sip another beer. Nothing beats a day in the sun playing out that cycle a few times. We've had great luck at Sapphire Beach and Secret Harbor. Cuddle up to an iguana. Well, don't really get to close. They can get ornery. But you're likely to see plenty of the interesting creatures sunning themselves or moving around the beaches. I find the dinosaur-looking animals to be fascinating photo subjects. Swing into Mojo's. A short walk from the port is one of the coolest outdoor bars we've hung out at in the Caribbean. Mojo's Rum and Surf Shack sits at the edge of a strip mall parking lot, but duck in under its thatched roof and hop into a barside swing seat and you'll never want to leave. We enjoyed a couple of beers, sports on the TV and friendly conversation with bartender Rob, who has the right idea. He left the mainland three years ago and never looked back. Flavor to savor. St. John Brewers creates Virgin Islands beers in a range of flavors. We've loved every one we've tried. The story of the company is really cool, too. College roommates from the University of Vermont quit their jobs and headed to St. John and launched the craft brewing company just about a decade ago. Amadeus Cruises American Cruise Lines American Queen Steamboat Amras Cruises Carnival Corporation Cruise Shipping Miami Fathom Cruise Global Entry Program International Expeditions Lueftner Cruises Regent-seven-seas Tsa Precheck Un Cruise Adventures Virgin Cruises	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1359
__label__wiki	0.981361	0.981361	X-Files: Fox Wants More Episodes Posted: Feb 23 2016, 11:17am CST \| by Sumayah Aamir, in Latest TV News Fans Will See the New Episodes of Fox’s Blockbuster Series X-Files. It is just a Matter of Time The Creator of X-Files Chris Carter recently announced that Fox is enthusiastic about producing new episodes of the series. It is just a matter of time before these episodes will be produced and be available for screening. It took almost 5 months to finalize the production of initial comeback episodes of the X-Files. Now the other ones to come may take a bit longer as well. However Fox is ready to produce them. X-Files which created history in the past as a TV series and is known as the longest running series came back on screen with a bang. Most of the fans were delighted to see the series return on their screen this year. The series is destined to air a total of 6 episodes this season. The last episode of this season will be aired on 3rd March, 2016. The adventures of Mulder and Scully involving U.F.Os were loved by fans in the past and are still loved by many enthusiasts. It is said that this season’s finale will be an open-ended episode. This might be taken as a sign that the X-Files will return for another season. Chris, who is the creator of this show, told THR that they are planning to continue with this series. The ratings are very good and Fox wants to continue it. However there were no official announcements about this fact and no press conferences were held to confirm this decision. Another thing that might keep the fans waiting is the busy schedule of co-stars David and Gillian. It was said that it is difficult for both actors to find and schedule time for X-Files at the same time. Both of them have other responsibilities along with families to cater to as well. Don't miss these new Latest TV News Reports John Oliver Rips Through Giuliani in Last Week Tonight and Quits Show May 7 2018, 5:37am CDT American Idol Voting Result Causes Controversies Watch Legend Bill Murray As Steve Bannon on SNL 2017 Tony Award Nominations: 5 Facts to Know 10 TV Shows Which are Revived Like Roseanne	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1368
__label__cc	0.643707	0.356293	Home of Metal: Heavy Metal and Place Capsule and the University of Wolverhampton Location: University of Wolverhampton Date: 1st – 4th September 2011 Keynote speakers: Prof. Scott Wilson, Kingston University (TBC) Prof. Deena Weinstein, DePaul University (TBC). The Heavy Metal movement is littered with accounts of its birth, not only concerning the origins of the sound, but also the geographical and political locations from which the music evolved. The now global phenomenon of Heavy Metal culture has seen much change in the sounds, styles and fashions over its 40 years of history, but is simultaneously acutely aware of its origins in Birmingham and The Black Country (UK). Rhythm Changes: Jazz and National Identities 2-4 September 2011, Amsterdam The first Rhythm Changes Conference will take place in September 2011 and will be hosted in partnership with the Conservatory of Amsterdam. The three-day Conference will explore the theme of ‘Jazz and National Identities’ and will include presentations from an international line up of jazz researchers. Professor Bruce Johnson (Universities of Macquarie, Turku and Glasgow) Professor Ronald Radano (University of Wisconsin-Madison) Conference outline Throughout its history, jazz has played an important part in discourses about national identity, politics and cultural value; indeed, the music continues to play a complex role in the cultural life of nations worldwide. Within this context, jazz is an ideal cultural form from which to explore a number of critical questions bound up with national identity, from the development of national sounds and ensembles to the politics of migration and race, from the impact of globalisation and the hybridisation of musical styles to the creation of social institutions and distinct communities, from jazz’s shifting aesthetic status from popular to canonical ‘art’ music. Jazz has developed in a range of national settings through different influences and interactions, so is ideally placed to explore wider issues surrounding identity and inheritance, enabling unique perspectives on how culture is exchanged, adopted and transformed. Tango: Creation, Identification, Circulation Posted: October 4th, 2010 \| Filed under: Calls for Papers \| No Comments » October 27-28, 2011 – Paris, France Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) This international conference held in Paris will gather together researchers from diverse disciplinary orientations (historical, sociological, anthropological, musicological) working on the tango and its various aspects (music, dance, poetry). This interdisciplinary conference, organized by the Center for Research in Arts and Language (CRAL, EHESS-CNRS) and affiliated with the ANR GLOBALMUS research program, takes place after UNESCO’s official recognition of the tango as international Intangible Cultural Heritage.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1369
__label__wiki	0.88445	0.88445	Media & CultureIndustry News Journal News Gun Map Goes Out With A Bang: ‘We Do Not Cower’ To Bullies, Says Publisher By Christopher Zara @christopherzara The map is gone, but the mapmakers are still drawing lines in the sand. Following a month-long muddle of kudos from free-speech advocates and death threats from gun owners, the Journal News has yanked the personal data from its controversial gun-permit map. Gone are the names and addresses of every pistol-permit holder in Westchester and Putnam Counties, although a screenshot of the Google map remains in place. In a letter posted on lohud.com, the paper’s publisher, Janet Hasson, wrote that removing the data was a response to new legislation that allows gun-permit holders to request confidentiality. The legislation, signed by Gov. Andrew Cuomo on Jan. 15, is a provision in the Secure Ammunition and Firearms Enforcement Act, or SAFE act, which aims to strengthen protections against gun violence in the wake of the mass shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Conn., on Hasson stressed in the letter that the data’s removal was not a response to criticism or intimidation. “Our decision [to remove the data] is not a concession to critics that no value was served by the posting of the map in the first place,” Hasson wrote. “On the contrary, we’ve heard from too many grateful community members to consider our decision to post information contained in the public record to have been a mistake. Nor is our decision made because we were intimidated by those who threatened the safety of our staffers. We know our business is a controversial one, and we do not cower.” The Journal News, which is owned by Gannett (NYSE:GCI), caused a firestorm last month when it published the gun data, which it obtained from a Freedom of Information request to the county clerks’ offices in Westchester and Rockland Counties in New York state. (A similar request to Putnam County was denied after the county clerk there cited safety concerns.) The paper argued that residents should have the right to know if their neighbors’ homes contain guns. Opponents -- including gun owners and privacy advocates -- blasted the gun map as unfairly stigmatizing law-abiding gun owners, with some critics equating it to yelling fire in a crowded theater. Threats made to the paper’s employees led the paper to hire an armed security team for its Westchester offices. In retaliation for the map, some bloggers posted the names and addresses of the Journal News’ staffers. Opponents also created websites to protest Hasson and Journal News editor CynDee Royle. The domain name JanetHasson.com, registered by proxy on Dec. 26, now hosts a website containing Hasson’s photo and personal information. An equivalent website is hosted at CynDeeRoyle.com. Despite the decision to remove the gun data, criticism of the paper has not abated. Robert Cox, an op-ed contributor to the Washington Examiner, wrote on Tuesday that he is not removing a retaliatory map he posted that contains the names and addresses of Journal News employees. “The way I see it, the Journal News does not get to pick a fight and then decide when it ends,” he wrote. Cox, who wrote that he is not a gun owner, argued that the paper’s gun map served no public good. “The Journal News map was not journalism,” he wrote. “It was not even political activism. It was voyeurism, with Janet Hasson as a digital Peeping Tom, peering into the bedrooms of readers to see what she might see.” Hasson, meanwhile, vowed that the Journal News’ days of outing gun-permit holders are not over. “Make no mistake, The Journal News will continue to report aggressively on gun ownership,” she wrote. “We will continue to pursue our request for data from Putnam County, and we will closely analyze the data for Westchester and Rockland Counties when it once again becomes publicly available.” Follow me on Twitter @christopherzara New York's Journal News Pistol-Whipped After Gun-Map Flap Anthrax Scare Hits Journal News	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1370
__label__cc	0.608828	0.391172	An Update on ICANN Security Efforts As the community prepares to head into the 39th international ICANN public meeting in Cartagena de Indias, Colombia, ICANN’s Security team provides this update on current activities. A little over a year ago, ICANN signed the Affirmation of Commitments to ensure the global technical coordination of the Internet’s system of unique identifiers. Preserving the security, stability and resiliency of the domain name system (DNS) is central to these commitments. Threats to the DNS have been around for many years, and ICANN has served as a forum for bringing the Internet community together. An entire international public meeting was dedicated to “Security and Stability of the Internet Naming and Address Allocation Systems” in November 2001. The Security and Stability Advisory Committee was formed in 2002. Each ICANN public meeting since 2006 has included a tech day for the ccTLD community, and recent meetings have included dedicated sessions on DNSSEC and abuse of the DNS. We’ve supported annual contingency exercises since 2008, and we are planning a DNS Operations and L-root exercise for early 2011. The Security team recently completed a 53-day comment period on the FY 11 Update to the SSR Plan (including several outreach and briefing sessions). The At Large, global business, TLD operations and academic research communities all contributed. A summary and analysis of comments is available at http://forum.icann.org/lists/ssr-plan-fy11/msg00008.html, and we will soon post a version of the Plan showing how comments were incorporated, along with an updated clean version. As part of our effort to strengthen and improve the security, stability and continuity of ICANN internal operations, consistent with the 2010-13 Strategic Plan, the Security and Information Technology teams formalized internal incident response practices in September 2010. The ICANN Computer Incident Response Team is intended to be the primary responder in handling internal ICANN organizational information security incidents, and detail on this team is posted on our website at http://www.icann.org/en/cirt/. In establishing an internal CIRT, ICANN is following best practices set by other operators of Internet infrastructure. Many entities have them in place, including the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), Microsoft, Neustar, VeriSign, Symantec, Juniper, Packet Clearing House, Skype, Yahoo, Google, Apple Computer, AT&T, the National Institutes of Health, universities and others. The FY 11 Operating Plan noted that we would put an emphasis on hardening ICANN’s infrastructure and internal security efforts. This included: Ensuring annual updating of ICANN security plans and monitoring effective implementation of security controls and procedures; Ensuring ICANN security staff has strong skills and appropriate tools and is current with security threats and best practices. Our FY 11 SSR Plan stated: “Specific initiatives underway in 2010 to improve ICANN’s security posture include improvements to logical and physical access controls, change management, logging/auditing and data backup procedures, security awareness training for staff, building incident response capabilities and improvements to mobile device security.” The formation of an internal incident response team demonstrates these plans are being put into action. We understand there has been some confusion about whether the internal CIRT is related to the DNS-CERT initiative. The CIRT is not the foundation for a DNS-CERT. ICANN stated very clearly in Brussels, and in the summary and analysis of comments on the Security Strategic Initiatives and DNS-CERT Business Case in May 2010, that ICANN was not taking steps to operate a DNS-CERT. ICANN supports the Joint DNS Security and Stability Analysis (DSSA) Working Group and other community efforts to develop a proposal on where a DNS-CERT, or collaborative response capability, might be housed and financially supported. The first proposal for an entity to support DNS related operations when DNS incidents occur was by DNS-OARC in 2002 (see http://www.isc.org/community/blog/201003/perspectives-dns-cert). Unfortunately, the needs identified at that time and recognized again in the DNS-CERT Business Case have not yet been addressed. ICANN staff very much hope to receive support and guidance from the community on this matter. ICANN wants to collaborate with the community to identify threats and risks to the DNS, and to facilitate efforts to bring the Security community, the DNS operations community and users of the DNS together to improve overall DNS security, stability and resiliency. The DSSA Working Group is finalizing a charter, led by representatives from the At Large Advisory Committee, Country Code Names Supporting Organization, Generic Names Supporting Organization and Number Resource Organization. Independent experts from the security and infrastructure operations community are likely to be included in this effort. ICANN continues to regularize root key signing operations for DNSSEC in partnership with VeriSign and with the support of the Internet community. ICANN conducted the third DNSSEC Key Signing Ceremony on 1 November 2010 in Culpeper, Virginia. A growing number of registry operators are implementing DNSSEC in TLD zones, including recent adoption in Finland, India, and in the Caribbean ccTLDs for Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Honduras, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. VeriSign has announced its progress on implementing DNSSEC in .NET and .COM, and ICANN anticipates this will accelerate the adoption of this security enhancement by other registries and registrars, for the benefit of Internet users. Large ISPs such as Comcast are announcing DNSSEC implementation initiatives, and this is a very positive step. Under the Affirmation of Commitments, we are supporting the efforts of the Security, Stability and Resiliency Review Team (http://www.icann.org/en/reviews/affirmation/review-2-en.htm), which will conduct its first face-to-face meeting in Cartagena. This is a strong group of volunteers from across the global Internet community and we stand ready to facilitate their work. We’re continuing to support DNS capacity building initiatives in partnership with the Network Startup Resource Center and the Internet Society. Successful training sessions have been conducted since the Brussels meeting in Mali for AfTLD and Guatamala for LACTLD. A training session was held on 2-6 November 2010 in Amman, Jordan, for APTLD. This is a just sampling of our current activities. Security team staff will be in Cartagena and available to discuss the initiatives underway for FY 11. We welcome your suggestions and input. For more information, see http://www.icann.org/en/security/. Senior Manager of Continuity & Risk Management Log in to Comment or Sign Up Author: Patrick Jones	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1371
__label__wiki	0.590956	0.590956	In memoriam - Georgs Kornilovs We are deeply saddened to inform about the passing of our colleague and good friend Georgs Kornilovs Georgs passed away in Apoka, Uganda, on 21 September, aged 64. He represented Latvia as Delegate at ICES from 2010 to 2016 and was member of the Science Committee from 2008 to 2017, contributing to our organization in various way for over 27 years. In September 2016, Georgs organized the ICES Annual Science Conference in Riga, the capital of his home country. During his career Georgs authored many research articles, mainly related to Baltic herring stocks, trophic interactions, zooplankton dynamic and climate change effects. He acted as supervisor for several PhD theses and trained a series of young scientists in his institute. For his students and for his colleagues in Latvia, around the Baltic and in the ICES community, Georgs will be remembered as calm, kind, thoughtful, tolerant and caring person – a man of reason. Georgs was born on 16 March 1954 in Norilsk, Russia, a mining city well north of the Polar circle, to which his father was deported after the Second World War. In 1956, the family returned to Latvia, where Georgs graduated as biologist from the Latvian University in 1977. Since childhood he had a keen interest in bird watching egg collection, and bird photography. It was as indeed on a bird watching trip in Uganda where he suffered from a fatal heart failure. Georgs was a fisheries scientist, familiar with the whole working process, from aging fish to final advice and management decisions. This broad ability made him able to successfully combine science, data collection and advisory work. He started his career at the Baltic Fisheries Research Institute in Riga (BALTNIIRH) in 1981. His main tasks were collecting fishery data and aging herring. For more than 20 years Georgs was the assessor for the Gulf of Riga herring stock After Latvian independence in 1991, Georgs became the Head of Pelagic Fish Sector at the Latvian Fisheries Research Institute (LATFRI). His duties included working on Baltic herring stock assessment and coordinating a long-term zooplankton database. He first joined ICES in the same year, participating in the Working Group on Assessment of Pelagic Stocks in the Baltic. Despite more managerial tasks, Georgs continued to contribute to stock assessments as both a member and chair of several ICES expert groups. In 1994, Georgs successfully defended his PhD thesis at the University of Latvia. Later in his career, he got increasingly engaged in communicating advice on fisheries management to stakeholders, national fishermen organizations, fisheries managers and the general public. His knowledge of the fisheries, and his calm character and thoughtful thinking were an advantage in this work. Georgs did not get carried away in debates, he did not try to “win” or dominate discussions, he simply focused on facts. After reorganization of the institute into the Latvian Fish Resources Agency (LATFRA), Georgs became its Deputy Director in 2004 and also took on the role of national correspondent for the EU Data Collection Framework. In 2010, when the agency was integrated into the Institute of Food Safety, Animal Health and Environment (BIOR), he continued as the Head of the Fish Resources Research Department. In 2017, Georgs laid down his managerial tasks and became the chief scientist at the institute. With more time, he became involved in a number of multidisciplinary ecosystem oriented Baltic Sea projects and pursued his interest for ornithology in Latvia. Georgs leaves behind his wife Elita, daughter Kity, and son Nils. He will be missed both for his scientific contributions to the ICES community, but also for his kind and reflective personality. We send our deep condolences to his family. Georgs Kornilovs 1954 - 2018	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1372
__label__wiki	0.731032	0.731032	What Jane Addams Tells Us about Early Childhood Education School of Information Sciences Faculty and Staff Research and Scholarship - Information Sciences Bertram C. Bruce Jane Addams ECE.pdf (568kB) (no description provided) PDF Title: What Jane Addams Tells Us about Early Childhood Education Author(s): Bertram C. Bruce Subject(s): Jane Addams Abstract: Jane Addams was a social reformer and one of the founders of the field of sociology. She worked to create better working conditions for immigrants, for the control of dis- ease and the development of public health, in the areas of multicultural understanding and peace activism. What she accomplished and wrote about during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Chicago stands as a model for how to infuse democracy throughout every aspect of life. Although Addams is not usually classified as a pro- gressive educator, we can draw insights from her work that are relevant to progressive education a century later. This chapter focuses on the implications for the area of early childhood education. If we were to list the major innovators in that field, we might find Fröbel, Pestalozzi, Montessori, or Steiner, but not Addams; her work had a much larger scope. Yet remarkably, and precisely because of that scope, her work speaks directly to the practical issues of early childhood education today. A similar case could be made for other aspects of education. Publisher: Peter Lang Citation Info: Bruce, Bertram C. (2015). What Jane Addams tells us about early childhood education. In Mustafa Eryaman and Bertram C. Bruce (eds.), International handbook of progressive education (pp. 437-450). New York: Peter Lang. Genre: Book Chapter DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-1-4539-1522-6 Articles, papers, and other research and scholarship from iSchool faculty and staff	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1373
__label__wiki	0.829512	0.829512	Iggesund among the top 100 in the world at sustainable business Holmen, the forest industry group to which Iggesund Paperboard belongs, is one of 100 world leaders in sustainability. The UN’s Global Compact 100 is a new global stock index which combines sustainable business and financial performance. It lists the top 100 companies in the world. Holmen is one of five Swedish companies, and the only forest industry company based in Sweden, to be included in the top 100 judged to be the best at creating good returns through sustainable business practices. “Naturally we’re delighted and proud to be included in the new GC 100 index,” says Lars Strömberg, Holmen’s director of sustainable and environmental affairs. “The UN Global Compact is an important platform for companies committed to sustainable development and the GC 100 index is a welcome addition.” Since 2007 Holmen has been a member of the UN Global Compact in which companies report their operations under ten principles covering human rights, social conditions, the environment and anti-corruption. The GC 100 combines these results with a profitability requirement. The UN Global Compact developed the GC 100 in partnership with research firm Sustainalytics. The GC 100 comprises a representative group of Global Compact companies selected on the basis of their adherence to the Global Compact’s ten principles and evidence of executive leadership commitment. The GC 100 tracked the stock market performance of these companies over the past three years and compared the results against a broad market benchmark, the FTSE All World. “The companies in the GC 100 show a total return surpassing the general global stock market. This means that work on sustainability is a factor that is attracting increasing attention from investors,” says Lars Strömberg. More information about the UN’s Global Compact 100 stock index, including a list of the companies included is available at: http://unglobalcompact.org/news/421-09-18-2013 Global Compact in English - Docx Global Compact in German - Docx Global Compact in French - Docx Global Compact in Swedish - Docx Plant.jpg Forest.jpg	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1374
__label__cc	0.610713	0.389287	Outer Wilds Review Solving the mysteries of the universe, one data point at a time. By Mike Epstein Posted: 30 May 2019 9:45 pm Legitimate discovery is a difficult sensation to simulate in a video game. Countless worlds smother us with lore and histories, giving us the opportunity to understand them better if we choose to stop and smell the roses, but that understanding is usually optional, and often feels superficial as a result. That’s a problem that Outer Wilds, a space-exploration sim laced with puzzles and a mystery story, sidesteps by putting the storytelling that normally litters the background of games front and center. That makes it feel vital. By turning lore into puzzle elements into progress, into the meat of the experience rather than the dressing, it elevates the process of learning about these worlds to heights rarely seen in games. You control an alien astronaut/anthropologist exploring your own solar system to uncover and unravel the mysteries of the Nomai, a mysterious and ancient race whose ruins lie scattered across every planet. Before too long, you figure out that you are trapped in a surprisingly helpful Groundhog Day- (or Majora’s Mask)-style time loop, so it is up to you to figure out how to break out of it. That process leads to a long, convoluted puzzle which you solve by exploring each of the system’s five planets, along with a handful of moons and other points of interest. The simple premise gives way to the interesting story (stories, really) you uncover in your travels: The Nomai, like Metroid’s Chozo, Mass Effect’s Protheans, or any of a handful forerunner races seem unknowable at first glance, but as you become acquainted with them through diaries and other notes they feel both distant – they are dead, after all – but relatable. Revealing the whole story seems like a daunting task, but once you jump in your spaceship and set out on your expedition things start to fall into place. Without any real tutorials – there are a few practice areas on your home planet, but they’re entirely optional – learning the rules of the world takes time. I specifically had some issues learning to fly the spaceship, which is a small shuttle guided by directional thrusters. While there’s no math involved, Outer Wilds takes a physics-minded approach to space: You need to keep track of your momentum relative to the planet you where you plan to land, adjust for its orbital trajectory, and so on. Everything controls well once you get used to it, but the sink-or-swim approach makes the first few runs more aggravating than they need to be because of time wasted by under or overshooting planets. Sometimes that leads to a fatal crash, which – a la Groundhog Day – resets you back to the beginning. Every 22-minute run is both exciting and a bit terrifying. That lack of understanding makes every run, from blasting off for the first time to exploring a previously hidden place, both exciting and a bit terrifying. Though the solar system is small enough that you could conceivably touch down on every planet in a single 22-minute run, you are smaller and insignificant by comparison. It feels like anything could come out of the deep black void at any time – and there are some surprising moments in store. If you, like me, are mildly unsettled by swimming through underwater levels in a lot of games, you may find the experience of floating in space instills some existential dread. If you’re willing to work through it, though, that fear is almost always unfounded and the thrilling feeling of discovering a new place is always rewarding. Since exploration is the centerpiece of Outer Wilds, each of the five planets serves as a mechanical and aesthetic showcase. Each planet has a unique look and feel, not to mention a mechanical concept that complicates traveling and creates “natural” puzzles out getting from point A to point B. Each place feels unique and meticulously crafted, from the largely aquatic planet of Giant’s Deep, whose rising green seas and sky-high whirlpools can disrupt you at any time, to Brittle Hollow, a dying planet with a black hole at its core that’s pulling in chunks of the surface as time goes on, potentially blocking your path or even sucking in and destroying your destination before you can reach it. Outer Wilds Review Screenshots The time loop also plays an important role in traveling the world and solving puzzles because certain areas only become accessible at specific times. For example (a minor spoiler!) one of the planets appears to be a giant desert if you head straight there at the beginning of a run, but over the course of each loop the sand level gradually lowers and reveals new places to explore. Stumbling upon a new area because you were in the right place at the right time leads to some of the best discoveries: Each planet has the capacity to truly surprise you, even after you thought you’ve figured everything out. Your understanding of the world and its stories is your progress, and each step forward feels like a genuine eureka moment. Again, “figure out” is the operative phrase here. You do not find gear and there are no clear-cut missions spelled out for you to perform. You simply explore, finding and reading as much as you can, then using what you find to find and read more and more until you eventually know what to do. For example, while exploring a lab on one planet, you may read that there’s a lab on another world that with information that would allow you to access a new area, so off you go to find it. There is definitely structure to it, in that each piece of info helps you find one or two other specific pieces, but doesn’t explicitly tell you how to use each fact or where to go. You have to process the information yourself, and the act of piecing the story together step by step is the beating heart of Outer Wilds. Your understanding of the world and its stories is your progress, and each step forward feels like a genuine eureka moment. That all sounds very abstract, but there are some visual cues and other means of helping you feel like you’re making tangible progress. From the start, you have a language translator which allows you to conveniently convert the picturesque Nomai writing into legible text. Like a used textbook, every subsequent reading comes with the keywords highlighted, indicating that you are reading about something important that factors into some portion of your quest. And the most salient details get summarized and stored in your ship’s log and stay there even after time resets. The ship’s log is very useful – I got into a rhythm where, at the start of each run, I would check the log for new details I’d found and rumors of places I hadn’t, presenting open threads that could inspire my next adventure. That said, your actual progress is not quite so obvious. The ship’s log saves the bullet points, but you often need more information than that to make the logical leaps from one piece of information to the next. For example, in one area you find giant bones and some ancient notes from the Nomai explaining a detail about the species that left them. That information becomes very important later on, but your ship’s log will not tell you when or why. Moreover, once you know, it’s on you to apply that knowledge to allow you to navigate a hazardous area. Though I never found it difficult to make the connections, it is rewarding to think critically about everything you read and remember what’s going on every step of the way. No one’s going to tell you if you’re missing something. It also means that no one’s going to tell you if you’re missing something. This is where things can get complicated and frustrating. If you find facts out of order, or approach ruins from the wrong direction, certain tasks may seem impossible. In some cases, it’s easy to look around and find what you missed, but other times, especially late-game locations whose entrances are obscured, puzzles can get obtuse. The puzzles, when you have all the information you need to solve them, are generally pretty, clear, but when a piece is missing, it’s impossible to tell where to even begin: For example, one area on Brittle Hollow is only accessible via a series of crystals that let you walk along the underside of the planet’s hollow crust. If you haven’t found the area where the crystal path begins, you may try to wander the planet blindly looking for an entrance or try to fly to it, which will inevitably get you sucked into a black hole. There’s an order of operations that is easy to ignore if you stumble into the right place at the wrong time. It was also in my lowest moments that I really understood the genius of the time loop as a gameplay mechanic. While the 22-minute cutoff seems prohibitive early on, the loop forces you to break your exploration down into more digestible tasks and allows you to reset when you hit a wall with a specific place or puzzle. It won’t necessarily help you solve a head-scratcher or finish the story, but it absolutely forces you to take things in at a somewhat leisurely pace, giving you room to breathe and enjoy the ride. I don’t hold the frustrations raised by those obtuse puzzles against Outer Wilds, though. Given the nature of how you process the information that reveals the solutions to these puzzles, I expect people will start sharing knowledge online as they find it, as they did with games like Fez, Dark Souls, and The Witness. I’ve chatted with a couple of other writers about their experiences, and there’s something really fun about sharing stories and, in particular, hearing about things you haven’t discovered yet and going in search of them. Outer Wilds’ tricky exploration and puzzle solving is definitely an acquired taste. Its very specific brand of active storytelling differs wildly from highly guided open-worlds that many of us think of when we talk about non-linear gameplay. Though it can be confounding at times when events don’t unfold in precisely the right way, the feeling of discovering something new about the story, or following a couple of facts to something totally unexpected on a faraway planet far outweighs those hiccups. DeveloperMobius Entertainment PublisherAnnapurna Interactive Release DateMay 30, 2019 PlatformsPC, Xbox One Exploring the uncharted worlds of Outer Wilds feels like a true adventure in ways most games never achieve.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1375
__label__wiki	0.643187	0.643187	National Geographic and ITB Berlin Announce World Legacy Awards Winners Visionary Travel Companies and Destination Leaders Honored During United Nations International Year for Sustainable Tourism Coinciding with the United Nations International Year of Sustainable Tourism Development, the five winners of the 2017 National Geographic World Legacy Awards were announced today during an awards ceremony held at the Palais am Funkturm, the new official awards venue of ITB Berlin. The World Legacy Awards, a partnership between National Geographic and ITB Berlin, showcase the leading travel and tourism companies, organizations and destinations — ranging from large resorts to small eco-lodges and from wildlife conservancies to entire countries — that are driving the sustainable tourism transformation of the global travel industry. More than 100 entries, representing 45 countries across six continents, were submitted for these prestigious travel awards. An international panel of 26 judges coordinated by Costas Christ, a internationally recognized sustainable tourism expert and award-winning National Geographic travel writer, scored each entry according to globally recognized sustainable tourism criteria. All 15 finalists underwent a rigorous on-site inspection. Christ said, “Sustainable tourism development is crucial for the future of travel and for the planet. The time is now for action on a global scale. The travel and tourism industry is based on promoting and selling culture and nature holiday experiences and as such, needs to take a bigger role in protecting the very resources that their business depends upon. When planned and managed well, tourism can be a tremendous force for good – from saving endangered species to heritage preservation and poverty alleviation. The World Legacy Award winners and finalists are demonstrating the way forward to a brighter travel future for people and the planet.” "National Geographic stands for exploration, conservation and stellar storytelling. World Legacy Awards celebrate the people, places and experiences that exemplify our mission in the global travel industry,” said George Stone, National Geographic Travel editor-in-chief. “We are proud to honor these leaders in sustainability who represent the future in travel and inspire the explorer in all of us." The 2017 National Geographic World Legacy Awards winners and finalists are: Earth Changers — recognizing cutting-edge leadership in environmentally friendly business practices and green technology, from renewable energy and water conservation to zero-waste systems and carbon-emission reduction. Cayuga Collection, Costa Rica and Nicaragua — This innovative hotel collection combines state-of-the art sustainability with experiential travel at eight unique properties in Central America. Reduction and monitoring of energy, water, waste, composting, recycling, and other earth-friendly initiatives inspire staff and guests to make green practices part of their own lives. Innovative practices also include eliminating plastic waste (at Cayuga, even drinking straws are reusable bamboo), and guests join popular behind-the-scene tours to learn how sustainability directly touches their vacation experience. • Finch Bay Galapagos Hotel, Ecuador • ITC Hotels, India Sense of Place — recognizing excellence in enhancing sense of place and authenticity, including support for the protection of historical monuments, archaeological sites, cultural events, indigenous heritage and artistic traditions. City of Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA — If American pioneers from more than a century ago were to visit Santa Fe’s central plaza today, they would recognize it instantly. The oldest state capital in America considers safeguarding its rich heritage a duty and a passion. The historic downtown and surrounding area protect archaeological sites and cultural authenticity, including the Santa Fe Indian Market, now almost 100 years old and still going strong. Santa Fe’s annual festivals and events place Native American, Spanish, and Anglo heritage front and center, while strong sustainability initiatives also bring the past into the future. • Adventure Canada, Canada • Awamaki, Peru Conserving the Natural World — Recognizing outstanding support for the preservation of nature, restoring natural habitat and protecting rare and endangered species, whether on land or in the oceans. North Island, Seychelles — With the Seychelles Islands known as the Galapagos of the East, this luxury eco-resort’s innovative Noah’s Ark project has successfully reintroduced some of the Seychelles’ rarest and most endangered species back to nature as part of their restoration of native habitat on the former plantation island. Biologists on site monitor all aspects of the island’s ecology, contributing to greater global understanding of migration patterns, sea temperatures, and the impacts of climate change in one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots. • Mark Thornton Safaris, Tanzania • Misool, Indonesia Engaging Communities — recognizing direct and tangible economic and social benefits that improve local livelihoods, including training and capacity building, fair wages and benefits, community development, health care and education. The Lodge at Chaa Creek, Belize — Belize’s pioneer jungle lodge demonstrates that putting local people first benefits employees, villagers, and its own bottom line. The Lodge provides economic benefits to community projects across the nation, directing 10 percent of all room revenue to support social and environmental programs. They offer annual training and workshops to promote career development, and sponsor an Environmental Outreach Program, a free Eco-Kids summer camp, and scholarships and internships for local students. • Andaman Discoveries, Thailand • Chambok Community Based Eco-Tourism/Mlup Baitong, Cambodia Destination Leadership — recognizing destination leadership, including cities, provinces, states, countries and regions that are demonstrating environmental best practices, protection of cultural and natural heritage, benefits to local communities and educating travelers on the principles of sustainability. Slovenian Tourist Board, Slovenia — with nearly 60 percent of its land protected, the country of Slovenia has successfully laid the foundation to become one of the world’s most sustainable destinations. The Tourist Board unifies all stewardship initiatives through its Green Scheme, which sets guidelines and provides tools for monitoring sustainability progress, instilling a culture of continual improvement in the country’s tourism efforts based upon benefiting local communities, protecting cultural heritage and saving nature, including revitalizing rural areas and creating authentic travel experiences for visitors. • The Riverwind Foundation/Jackson Hole Chamber of Commerce, Wyoming, USA • Segera Retreat, Kenya The sponsors of the World Legacy Awards are Adventure World and TreadRight Foundation. To learn more about the sponsors, visit www.adventureworld.com.au and www.treadright.org For more information on the World Legacy Awards, including the full list of 2017 finalists and interviews, go to www.nationalgeographic.com/worldlegacyawards/. About National Geographic Partners LLC National Geographic Partners LLC, a joint venture between National Geographic Society and 21st Century Fox, combines National Geographic television channels with National Geographic’s media and consumer-oriented assets, including National Geographic magazines; National Geographic Studios; related digital and social media platforms; books; maps; children’s media; and ancillary activities that include travel, global experiences and events, archival sales, catalog, licensing and e-commerce businesses. A portion of the proceeds from National Geographic Partners LLC will be used to fund science, exploration, conservation and education through significant ongoing contributions to the work of the National Geographic Society. For more information, visit www.nationalgeographic.com and find us on Facebook, Twitter , Instagram, Google+, YouTube,LinkedIn and Pinterest. ITB Berlin 2017 will take place from Wednesday to Sunday, 8 to 12 March. From Wednesday to Friday ITB Berlin is open to trade visitors only. Parallel with the show the ITB Berlin Convention, the largest event of its kind, will be held from Wednesday, 8 to Saturday, 11 March 2017. Admission to the ITB Berlin Convention is free for trade visitors. More details are available at www.itb-convention.com. Slovenia is the Convention & Culture Partner of ITB Berlin 2017. ITB Berlin is the World’s Leading Travel Trade Show. In 2016 a total of 10,000 companies and organisations from 187 countries exhibited their products and services to around 180,000 visitors, who included 120,000 trade visitors. As of now you can obtain your accreditation for ITB Berlin at www.itb-berlin.com/Press/Accreditation. Become a fan of ITB Berlin at www.facebook.de/ITBBerlin.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1379
__label__cc	0.594012	0.405988	Disparities in stroke care prevail among U.S. racial/ethnic groups 8:54 May 26, 2011 Statement Highlights: · Disparities based on race and ethnic origin exist in every aspect of stroke care. · Minority groups represent at least 28 percent of the U.S. population, and the percent is expected to nearly double by the year 2050 – increasing the need to close healthcare gaps. · Education can significantly improve stroke care for minority groups. Programs to reach young minorities can help raise awareness that stroke is preventable and treatable. View the full paper here DALLAS, May 26, 2011 – Disparities between racial/ethnic minorities and whites cross all aspects of stroke care, according to an American Heart Association/American Stroke Association scientific statement. The statement, published online in Stroke: Journal of the American Heart Association, is a comprehensive analysis of the role of race and ethnicity in stroke care and its impact on the numbers of people who have a stroke, live with its effects or die among minority groups compared to whites. It also addresses how access to care, response to treatment and participation in clinical research affects these groups. “We see disparities in every aspect of stroke care, from lack of awareness of stroke risk factors and symptoms to delayed arrival to the emergency room and increased waiting time,” said Salvador Cruz-Flores, M.D., M.P.H., lead author of the statement and professor of neurology and director of the Souers Stroke Institute at St. Louis University in Missouri. “These disparities continue throughout the spectrum of the delivery of care from acute treatment to rehabilitation.” Experts in different areas of stroke care analyzed the issue of racial and ethnic disparities in current scientific literature. Hispanic-Americans, African-Americans, Asian-Americans and Native-Americans constitute 28 percent of the U.S. population. Because that is expected to almost double by the year 2050, “there is an increasing need to reduce racial and ethnic disparities in health care,” the authors said. The review also included Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiians/other Pacific Islanders. The burden of risk factors is different among racial and ethnic groups according to the statement. For example, African-Americans have a high prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and obesity as well as other risk factors for stroke, while Hispanic-Americans have a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and diabetes compared to whites and African-Americans. The metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors that include three or more of the following: elevated waist circumference, elevated triglycerides, reduced good cholesterol, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. Other factors that impact these disparities range from economic and social issues to cultural and language barriers. In addition, attitudes, beliefs and compliance among populations differ and the perceived or true presence of racial bias within the healthcare system can negatively impact a patient’s compliance with a healthcare provider’s advice, medications or treatment, according to the statement. “It is important for members of ethnic and racial minority groups to understand they are particularly predisposed to have risk factors for heart disease and stroke,” Cruz-Flores said. “They need to understand these diseases are preventable and treatable.” Educating the public and healthcare community can improve stroke care for minorities, he said. Some of the statement recommendations include: Development of public health policies to close the gap between minorities and whites in all aspects of stroke prevention, incidence and care; More education and research to reduce disparities in stroke care; Increased access to insurance coverage in minority populations; and More research on American Indians, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders. “It is striking that we are in the 2lst century, with many advances in stroke care, yet we are still struggling to fix the differences that are present not only in the distribution of the disease but also in the level of care we provide to the different racial and ethnic groups,” Cruz-Flores said. Co-writers are Alejandro A. Rabinstein, M.D.; Jose Biller, M.D.; Mitchell S.V. Elkind, M.D.; Patrick Griffin, M.D.; Philip B. Gorelick, M.D.; George Howard, DrPH; Enrique C. Leira, M.D.; Lewis B. Morgenstern, M.D., and representatives of the American Heart Association Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care Outcomes in Research. The American Heart Association/American Stroke Association receives funding mostly from individuals. Foundations and corporations donate as well, and fund specific programs and events. Strict policies are enforced to prevent these relationships from influencing the association’s science content. Financial information for the American Heart Association, including a list of contributions from pharmaceutical companies and device manufacturers, is available at www.heart.org/corporatefunding. NR11-1082 (Stroke/Cruz-Flores) Strokeassociation.org Powertoendstroke.org. the American Stroke Association’s stroke education and awareness campaign targeting African-Americans. Health Care Reform and You After embargo, the statement will be available at : http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/reprint/STR.0b013e3182213e2. MORE FROM Blood, Heart and Circulation 07/01/2019 Blood Pressure Low vitamin D at birth raises risk of higher blood pressure in kids Scientists find potential way to defuse ‘time bomb’ of cardiology Gene networks reveal transition from healthy to failing heart Higher coronary artery calcium levels in middle-age may indicate higher risk for future heart problems 06/14/2019 Blood, Heart and Circulation Researchers identify genes that are key to keeping blood vessels healthy Big picture genetic scoring approach reliably predicts heart disease Study: New heart pump improves on previous models Beta blockers reduce stress-induced irregular heart rhythm Iron deficiency linked with cardiovascular disease Research is ‘urgently needed’ on heart muscle disease in children, according to UB chair of AHA writing group Researchers spot tell-tale signs of potentially fatal cardiac arrest Novel Therapeutic Approach Effective At Reducing Pressure For Heart Failure Patients Silent Heart Attack May Increase Stroke Risk	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1380
__label__cc	0.688724	0.311276	SLU Researchers Show that A3 Adenosine Receptor Can Activate “Off Signals” for Pain The research team: Josh Little, Ph.D., Zhoumou Chen, Daniela Salvemini, Ph.D., Tim Doyle, Ph.D., Ashley Liguori, Ph.D., Katie Stockstill, Carrie Wahlman and Kali Janes, Ph.D. ST. LOUIS — In a study published in the April issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, Saint Louis University scientists led by professor of pharmacological and physiological sciences Daniela Salvemini, Ph.D., discovered that drugs targeting the A3 adenosine receptor can “turn off” pain signals in the spinal cord to provide relief from chronic pain. Pain is the most common reason that people seek medical attention, but the available treatments—most commonly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and opioids—are not always successful at relieving pain in patients with chronic pain. For this reason, Salvemini and colleagues teamed up with researchers from the National Institutes of Health, the University of Arizona and two institutes in Quebec, Canada, to investigate a new target for treating chronic pain: the A3 adenosine receptor or A3AR. In earlier studies, Salvemini’s laboratory demonstrated that two drugs which target the A3AR—IB-MECA and MRS5698—were effective in treating several models of chronic pain, including painful chemotherapy-induced neuropathy, metastatic cancer pain, and nerve injury. More recently, the group sought to uncover the mechanism of A3AR pain relief. “Chronic pain can result from the loss of regulatory mechanisms in the nervous system pathway that transmits pain,” Salvemini said. “Adenosine acts as a regulatory signaling molecule in other areas of the nervous system, so we hypothesized that A3AR might also play a role in regulating pain signals during pain processing.” Indeed, Salvemini and colleagues found that A3AR drugs not only relieved pain, but did so by activating an inhibitory transmitter system known as the gamma amino-butyric acid (GABA) system. In areas of the spinal cord and brain dedicated to pain processing, A3AR activation promoted GABA signaling by preventing the breakdown and removal of GABA from neuronal synapses. “In chronic pain, GABA signaling is often lost or diminished. Our A3AR drugs were able to restore GABA signaling in areas that process pain and ‘turn off’ the signals that maintain the pain state,” Salvemini said. With A3AR drugs demonstrating good safety profiles in clinical trials as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents, Salvemini and colleagues are enthusiastic about the potential of these new drugs to treat chronic pain in patients. “Several lead molecules for prospective clinical use have been identified through our collaboration with Dr. Kenneth Jacobson at the National Institutes of Health and we are very excited about the potential for translational therapeutic impact,” Salvemini said. The lab will continue to investigate the intricate mechanisms underlying A3AR pain relief with the hope of providing better palliative care to individuals suffering from unnecessary chronic pain. This research was funded by grants from the National Cancer Institute (RO1CA169519), with additional support from the Saint Louis Cancer Center, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the NIDDK Intramural Research Program. Established in 1836, Saint Louis University School of Medicine has the distinction of awarding the first medical degree west of the Mississippi River. The school educates physicians and biomedical scientists, conducts medical research, and provides health care on a local, national and international level. Research at the school seeks new cures and treatments in five key areas: cancer, liver disease, heart/lung disease, aging and brain disease, and infectious diseases. Carrie Bebermeyer 06/26/2019 Pain Researchers reveal lack of evidence for drugs prescribed to treat chronic pain in children Stimulating the Vagus Nerve in the Neck Might Help Ease Pain Associated with PTSD Are Most Patients with Fibromyalgia Misdiagnosed? Natural Killer cells used to treat chronic pain by removing damaged nerves after injury Researchers discover the brain cells that make pain unpleasant Gently stroking babies before medical procedures may reduce pain Scientists Identify Method to Study Resilience to Pain Safe cannabis pain relief without the “high” Nonaddictive drug compound could replace opioids for chronic pain sufferers Bull ant venom could put the bite on pain Researchers reveal how gene variant is linked to chronic pain after traumatic injury Novel botulinum compound relieves chronic pain Low-Dose Ketamine May Be an Effective Alternative to Opioids Customized resistance exercise a factor for success with fibromyalgia NEW SURGERY FOR GROIN PAIN FOUND TO BE MORE EFFECTIVE THAN PHYSIOTHERAPY Pain-induced changes in the brain’s opioid system may explain the limited effectiveness of opioid therapy in chronic pain	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1381
__label__wiki	0.584893	0.584893	Tag: Paving Specialists Quotes and Commercial Paving Contractors The primary use (70%) of asphalt Asphalt And Paving Companies Near Me is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs. The word “asphalt” is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning “asphalt/bitumen/pitch” which perhaps derives from ἀ-, “without” and σφάλλω (sfallō), “make fall”. Asphalt Construction Companies the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[11] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English (“asphaltum” and “asphalt”). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the “asphaltic concrete” used to pave roads. Driveway to a farm Driveway apron and sloped curb to a public street, all under construction A driveway (also called drive in UK English)[1] is a type of private road for local access to one or a small group of structures, and is owned and maintained by an individual or group. Driveways rarely have traffic lights, but some that bear heavy traffic, especially those leading to commercial businesses and parks, do. Driveways may be decorative in ways that public roads cannot, because of their lighter traffic and the willingness of owners to invest in their construction. Driveways are not resurfaced, snow blown or otherwise maintained by governments. They are generally designed to conform to the architecture of connected houses or other buildings. Some of the materials that can be used for driveways include concrete, decorative brick, cobblestone, block paving, asphalt, gravel, decomposed granite, and surrounded with grass or other ground-cover plants. Driveways are commonly used as paths to private garages, carports, or houses. On large estates, a driveway may be the road that leads to the house from the public road, possibly with a gate in between. Some driveways divide to serve different homeowners. A driveway may also refer to a small apron of pavement in front of a garage with a curb cut in the sidewalk, sometimes too short to accommodate a car. Often, either by choice or to conform with local regulations, cars are parked in driveways in order to leave streets clear for traffic. Moreover, some jurisdictions prohibit parking or leaving standing any motor vehicle upon any residential lawn area (defined as the property from the front of a residential house, condominium, or cooperative to the street line other than a driveway, walkway, concrete or blacktopped surface parking space).[2] Other examples include the city of Berkeley, California that forbids "any person to park or leave standing, or cause to be parked or left standing any vehicle upon any public street in the City for seventy-two or more consecutive hours."[3] Other areas may prohibit leaving vehicles on residential streets during certain times (for instance, to accommodate regular street cleaning), necessitating the use of driveways. Residential driveways are also used for such things as garage sales, automobile washing and repair, and recreation, notably (in North America) for basketball practice. Another form of driveway is a 'Run-Up', or short piece of land used usually at the front of the property to park a vehicle on.[citation needed] Permeable paving Standard design on a wide median.[1] Stylized depiction of the design in Grand Haven, Michigan, at US 31 and Robbins Road (north to the right), showing the additional area necessary to make a turn on a narrow median.[1] 43°2′40.18″N 86°13′12.57″W / 43.0444944°N 86.2201583°W / 43.0444944; -86.2201583 (US 31 at Robbins Road, Grand Haven, Michigan) A Michigan left is an at-grade intersection design which replaces each left turn with a U-turn and a right turn. The design was given the name due to its frequent use along roads and highways in the U.S. state of Michigan since the late 1960s.[2] In other contexts, the intersection is called a median U-turn crossover or median U-turn.[1][3] The design is also sometimes referred to as a boulevard left,[4] a boulevard turnaround,[5] a Michigan loon[6] or a "ThrU Turn" intersection.[7][8] Two versions of signs posted along an intersecting road or street at an intersection. Top: most commonly used; Bottom: lesser-used variant. The design occurs at intersections where at least one road is a divided highway or boulevard, and left turns onto—and usually from—the divided highway are prohibited. In almost every case, the divided highway is multi-laned in both directions. When on the secondary road, drivers are directed to turn right. Within 1⁄4 mile (400 m), they queue into a designated U-turn (or cross-over) lane in the median. When traffic clears they complete the U-turn and go back through the intersection. Additionally, the U-turn lane is designed for one-way traffic. Similarly, traffic on the divided highway cannot turn left at an intersection with a cross street. Instead, drivers are instructed to "overshoot" the intersection, go through the U-turn lane, come back to the intersection from the opposite direction, and turn right. When vehicles enter the cross-over area, unless markings on the ground indicate two turning lanes in the cross-over, drivers form one lane. A cross-over with two lanes is designed at high-volume cross-overs, or when the right lane turns onto an intersecting street. In this case, the right lane is reserved for vehicles completing the design. Most crossovers must be made large enough for semi-trailer trucks to complete the crossover. This large cross-over area often leads to two vehicles incorrectly lining up at a single cross-over. The maneuver forces the driver to quickly merge into the extreme left lane to complete the turn, usually from a complete stop. The turning vehicle is potentially a hazard and may cause a disruption in the flow of traffic in the left lane.[citation needed] When the median of a road is too narrow to allow for a standard Michigan left maneuver, a variation can be used which widens the pavement in the opposite direction of travel. This widened pavement is known as a "bulb out"[7] or a "loon" (from the pavement's aerial resemblance to the aquatic bird).[6] Such a design is sometimes referred to as a Michigan loon; in Utah, as a ThrU Turn, which is a portmanteau combining the terms "Through" (the intersection, followed by a) "U Turn".[7] In 2013, Michigan lefts were installed in Alabama for the first time, in several locations along heavily traveled U.S. Route 280 in metro Birmingham.[9] Tucson, Arizona, began introducing Michigan lefts in 2013, at Ina/Oracle and Grant/Oracle. Their reception has been mixed.[10] The design is relatively common in New Orleans, Louisiana, and its suburb Metairie, where city boulevards may be split by streetcar tracks,[11] and suburban thoroughfares are often split by drainage canals.[12] Some intersections using this design are signed similarly to those in Michigan, but with more descriptive text,[13] however in some cases the only signage is "No Left Turn" and drivers are left to figure it out for themselves.[14] Since the redevelopment of the intersection between University Boulevard (MD 193) and Colesville Road (US 29) in Silver Spring, Maryland, a Michigan left has been used to increase efficiency of traffic through an otherwise underdeveloped and congested intersection. Due to its proximity to the Capital Beltway, heavy traffic is handled more safely and efficiently.[citation needed] A typical Michigan left layout: Telegraph Road (US 24) at Warren Road near Detroit, showing Michigan lefts 42°20′28″N 83°16′23″W / 42.341°N 83.273°W / 42.341; -83.273 (US 24 (Telegraph Road) at Warren Road, Dearborn, Michigan) The Michigan Department of Transportation first used the modern design at the intersection of 8 Mile Road (M-102) and Livernois Avenue[15] (42°26′46″N 83°08′28″W / 42.4461°N 83.141°W / 42.4461; -83.141 (M-102 (8 Mile Road) at Livernois Avenue))[16] in Detroit in the early 1960s. The increase in traffic flow and reduction in accidents was so dramatic (a 30–60% decrease[17]) that over 700 similar intersections have been deployed throughout the state since then.[18] North Carolina has been implementing Michigan lefts along US 17 in the southeastern part of the state, outside Wilmington.[18] In 2015, a Michigan left was constructed at the intersection of Poplar Tent Road and Derita Road in the Charlotte suburb of Concord.[citation needed] Columbus, Ohio introduced a Michigan left at the intersection of SR 161 and Strawberry Farms Boulevard in 2012. Reception has been mixed with several accidents occurring per year.[citation needed] At least two Michigan lefts have existed in Texas. One was located at the intersection of Fondren Road and Bellaire Boulevard in Houston from the 1980s through 2007, when it was replaced with conventional left-turn lanes. Another was built in mid-2010 in Plano at the intersection of Preston Road and Legacy Drive.[19] In January 2014, the city announced plans to revert the turn to a traditional intersection as a result of drivers' confusion.[citation needed] A section of State Highway 71 east of Austin-Bergstrom International Airport at FM 973 in Austin, Texas did have a signalized Michigan U-turn which was constructed in 2014—this was a temporary fix until the SH71 tollway over SH130 (including the re-routing of FM973) was completed in early 2016.[citation needed] There are multiple Michigan left turns currently being used along US 281 north of Loop 1604 in San Antonio. These were adopted as a short-term solution for traffic issues as development expanded north, but will likely be phased out as US 281 is elevated.[citation needed] The city of Draper, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City, announced in 2011 that it would be building Utah's first "ThrU Turn" at the intersection of 12300 South and State Street, just off Interstate 15 through Salt Lake County. Construction began in summer 2011 and was completed in fall 2011.[7][20][21] Other similar intersections were implemented in South Jordan[22] and Layton.[23] In Australia, where traffic drives on the left, the Victorian state government introduced the "P-turn", similar to the Michigan left, at one intersection in 2009. This requires right-turning vehicles to turn left then make a U-turn. As of May 2015, the intersection in the southeastern Melbourne suburb of Frankston remains the only one of its kind in the state, and local residents have called for its removal.[24] A similar style P-turn is used in the junction of the A4 Great West Road and A3002 Boston Manor Road in Brentford, England. The design has been proposed in Toronto, Ontario, to relieve motorists who wish to make a left-turn on roadways which will contain a proposed streetcar line by the Transit City project. In Ottawa, Ontario, a Michigan left exists to proceed from Riverside Drive, northbound, to Bank Street northbound. Another Michigan left exists in Windsor, Ontario, on Huron Church Road, just north of the E.C. Row Expressway, where a narrow-median variant put in place years ago is now seldom used due to the realignment of the expressway in conjunction with the construction of the Herb Gray Parkway. In Mexico, Guadalajara has a grade-separated variation of this setup in the intersection of Mariano Otero Avenue and Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway (20°37′50″N 103°26′06″W / 20.630666°N 103.434981°W / 20.630666; -103.434981).[25] Traffic flowing through Mariano Otero is routed through an overpass above the beltway, with two access roads allowing right turn on all four possible directions; the U-turns, meanwhile, are built underneath the beltway and allow the left turn from Mariano Otero avenue to the beltway. U-turn intersections are very common throughout Mexico, particularly in Mexico City. Brazil is also known to utilize this setup especially in São Paulo. This is the design at some busy junctions in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong Island examples include the junction of Fleming Road and Harbour Road in Wan Chai North, and the junction of Hennessey Road and Canal Road Flyover in Wong Nai Chung. In Kowloon this design exists between Cheong Wan Road and Hong Chong Road/Salisbury Road. The capital city of Angola, Luanda, makes widespread use of a simplified variant of this type of intersection on its two- and three-lane, median-separated throughways instead of using traffic lights. Larger junctions use this intersection type instead of much more costly grade-separated interchanges. This type of intersection configuration, as with any engineered solution to a traffic problem, carries with it certain advantages and disadvantages and has been subject to several studies. Studies[by whom?][when?] have shown a major reduction in left-turn collisions and a minor reduction in merging and diverging collisions, due to the shifting of left turns outside the main intersection[clarification needed].[1] In addition, it reduces the number of different traffic light phases, significantly increasing traffic flow. Because separate phases are no longer needed for left turns, this increases green time for through traffic. The effect on turning traffic is mixed.[1] Consequently, the timing of traffic signals along a highway featuring the design is made easier by the elimination of left-turn phases both on that highway and along intersecting roadways contributing to the reduction of travel times and the increased capacity of those roadways.[1] It has been shown to enhance safety to pedestrians crossing either street at an intersection featuring the design since they only encounter through traffic and vehicles making right turns. The left-turning movement, having been eliminated, removes one source of potential vehicle-pedestrian conflict.[1] One minor disadvantage of the Michigan left is the extra distance required for the motorist to drive. Sometimes the distance to the turnaround is as far away as 1⁄4 mile (400 m) past the intersection. This design leads to each motorist driving an additional 1⁄2 mile (800 m) to make a left turn. It also results in left-turning vehicles having to stop up to three times in the execution of the turn.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1385
__label__wiki	0.875118	0.875118	Eight rapes reported in schools since 2011 There were eight reports of rape at Hertfordshire schools – including one of a boy aged under 13 – in just four years between 2011 and 2015. Figures provided by Herts Police show there was a total of 68 alleged sex offences reported in the period, which also included allegations of sexual assaults, grooming and exposure. And of the reported rapes, three girl victims were aged under 13. On one particular day, there were four separate reports that boys under the age of 13 were sexually assaulted. Children’s charity Plan International UK said students are being let down by the government because sex education is not mandatory in schools. Kerry Smith, the charity’s head of girls’ rights, said: “We’re failing young people when it comes to learning about healthy relationships and consent. “Quality sex and relationships education helps young people to develop healthy attitudes towards sex and relationships while helping to tackle inappropriate and aggressive sexual behaviour. “While any cases of suspected sex offences in schools is troubling, the rise in cases may be attributable to children being made more aware of what constitutes normal relationships.” She added: “It is worth recognising the work that has been done by police, schools and other authorities to encourage children to report such allegations so they can be investigating thoroughly. Only by doing so will we create the safe and secure learning environments our children deserve.” Although Plan International UK obtained figures from police forces across the UK, the charity said figures are not comparable as the systems used for recording and capturing figures are not generic. Nationally, the number of sexual offences reported in schools each year more than doubled between 2011 and 2015. Other national findings include 66 per cent of alleged victims are female, 94 per cent of alleged offences are committed by males, and 15 per cent of alleged offences are thought to be committed by school staff, including teachers. A spokesman for Herts County Council said: “All Hertfordshire schools work closely with the police and the Hertfordshire Safeguarding Children Board to ensure that the safeguarding of children and young people is their highest priority. “Schools have regular training on safeguarding and we provide help to deliver a quality PSHE curriculum which includes education on safe sex and healthy relationships. Hemel activist denies charge over Extinction Rebellion protests in London “We have also developed, in partnership with school nursing, a toolkit for school staff to increase their confidence in talking to young people about sex and relationships and to provide support to young people who need it.” The council spokesman added that Youth Connexions provides workshops in schools to help prevent child sexual exploitation and the Unplugged programme, which ‘develops resilience in young people’ is currently being piloted. Firefighters tackle huge blaze at Warner Bros studios near Hemel Hempstead Woman in her 80s dies after being hit by coach in Hemel Hempstead Knife-wielding woman allegedly threatens group of schoolkids in Hemel Hempstead Home set alight after burglary in Hemel Hempstead Two men stabbed during incident near schools in Hemel Hempstead More from Hemel Gazette	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1386
__label__wiki	0.679984	0.679984	Joe Henline Jerica Henline Jerry Henline Polycarp Lady Jane Grey Interested in gaining more hands-on film experience? Apply now to be considered for an upcoming project. A dramatic portrayal of our bondage in sin & freedom in Christ as well as the need for more missions support, embodied in a 4 minute promotional video for Frontline Missions.Winner of "Best Promotional Film" & "Missions Awareness" Runner-up at CWVFF. “When we got back from ‘Beyond the Mask’ we really hopped on a train that never stopped,” Joe said. Pan Pacific Film Festival We are thrilled to share that POLYCARP has received Best Actress (Eliya Hurt) & Best Editing (by John-Clay Burnett) at the 2015 PPFF! Christian Worldview Film Festival We are excited to share that POLYCARP received Best Feature Film, Audience Choice, Best Original Musical Score, and Runner Up for Best Gospel Presentation at the 2015 Christian Worldview Film Festival in San Antonio, TX! Click here to view movie website Click here to watch the about video Click here to watch trailer Click here to watch the trailer Click here to visit movie website Click here to buy the movie Please consider supporting our efforts. Amount: USD Year End Re-cap Pan Pacific Film Festival 2015 POLYCARP – DVD Release! CWVFF 2015 Official Trailer Released Update from the production office Persecuted Early Church Father the Subject of Newly-Announced Feature Film We just wanted to take a moment and wish you all a very Merry Christmas and Happy New Year from the entire team at Henline Productions! This season is so important to slow down a little to remember our Savior's birth, celebrate with friends and family, and spread that joy to others! We hope you all have a wonderful holiday season whether at home or abroad. It has been quite a year here at Henline Productions! When we pause for a moment to look back, it seems quite overwhelming with everything that has taken place. On January 1, 2015 we released the official trailer for POLYCARP. The movie premiere took place in Cincinnati, Ohio on February 21 with much celebration from cast and crew members who traveled in from around the country. With the film being several years in the making, the release date was a MUCH anticipated moment that took place on May 5! It was released directly to Christian Book Stores and a variety of online retailers. Polycarp was accepted into a number of film festivals throughout the year, receiving a host of nominations and awards. Some of the main awards included: “Best Feature Film”, “Audience Choice Award”, and “Best Original Music Score” at the Christian Worldview Film Festival, “Best Actor” (Garry Nation) at the International Christian Film Festival, “Best Actress” (Eliya Hurt), and “Best Editing” at the Pan Pacific Awards, “Best Feature Film” at GloryReelz Christian Film Festival, and “Best Cinematography”, “Best Original Score”, “Best Production Design” at the Faith Film Festival. Throughout the year, our team visited as speakers and/or vendors to many Homeschool/Christian Conventions and Conferences. It was such a delight to travel around and meet so many wonderful people to speak with them about this timeless film! We also represented POLYCARP at a number of Church Screenings. We opened the film to be shown in any church on a love offering basis early in the year. The response was refreshing and encouraging as we would continue to receive letters and hear reports from many churches and individuals being affected by the film's message. There are so many highlights that it is hard to even remember or credit them all! But we do want to express our gratitude to you for your overwhelming support and most importantly to our Heavenly Father for his guiding hand throughout everything. The “Polycarp journey" isn't over for our team. There are some festivals and conferences still ahead in the new year as well as continued marketing and distribution. We are excited that this story doesn't go “outdated” after a year..even years from now, it's timeless message has the ability to impact someone's life in a special way. Many ask the question “what's next for Henline Productions”. While we can't answer that just yet, we are always looking for the Lord's leading and we are at peace that it is completely in His hands. Once again, we wish you all a very Merry Christmas and a wonderful time of celebrations, laughter, and cheer as you close out the year! Henline Productions We are so excited to share that POLYCARP has received the Stellae Award for Best Actress (Eliya Hurt) and Best Editing (by John-Clay Burnett) at the 2015 Pan Pacific Film Festival photo courtesy: PPFF) On August 6, 2015, the awards ceremony took place for the Pan Pacific Film Festival in Fullerton, California. POLYCARP was nominated in four categories - Best Impact, Best Feature Narrative, Best Actress, and Best Editing. Jerica Henline (Writer) was present at the awards ceremony to represent POLYCARP, which recieved Best Actress and Best Editing. You can watch the full awards ceremony video here: ">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-0DNb_AQ8M Jerica Henline (Writer) on the red carpet at the 2015 Pan Pacific Film Festival photo courtesy: PPFF) Finally, after nearly 3 years in the making, POLYCARP will be available May 5th on Christian bookstore shelves and online stores where you find Christian media, including Family Christian, LifeWay, CBD, and many more, and of course, HenlineProductions.com/store. Although set in the Second Century, the story of religious persecution, courage, faith and brutal oppression could be taken from today’s headlines about mass killings and persecutions of Christians. It tells the historically accurate story of an early Christian martyr, Bishop Polycarp, who was burned and stabbed to death for refusing to renounce his faith in Christ and worship Caesar. This feature length drama is told through the eyes of a 12-year-old girl, Anna, and has been given the “Family Approved” seal for all ages by The Dove Foundation. POLYCARP was awarded Best Feature Film, Audience Choice Award and Best Original Music Score at the 2015 Christian Worldview Film Festival. Garry Nation recieved Best Lead Actor in a Feature Film at the International Christian Film Festival for his stellar performance as Polycarp. “It challenges Christians of all generations to stand boldly on the gospel in the face of persecution. In the Western world our faith is increasingly coming under attack from our secularized society, so this movie is very timely for us today,” said Ken Ham, president of Answers in Genesis and founder of the Creation Museum in Hebron, Ky. “Based on real history and real Christians suffering real persecution, it’s a message we all need to be reminded of.” “This is a moving story of second-century persecution, reminiscent of the persecution many believers face today,” said Alex and Stephen Kendrick, producers of hit films Courageous and Facing the Giants that sparked a growing trend of Christian movies. “Through the use of realistic sets and talented actors, Polycarp brings to life the Biblical truths presented in Luke 17:33, 1 John 4:18, and Philippians 1:21 and reveals what it means to be fully dedicated to Christ and His Kingdom, even to the point of death.” - Samaritan Ministries “POLYCARP is an inspiring movie with a sweeping score that will play well to modern audiences.” - Dove Foundation For interview requests, photos, or video clips contact: Jerry Henline, 513-617-3612, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. for [Henline Productions http://www.henlineproductions.com/] We are excited to share that POLYCARP received Best Feature Film, Audience Choice, Best Original Musical Score, and Runner Up for Best Gospel Presentation at the 2015 Christian Worldview Film Festival in San Antonio, TX! Read more here: http://ow.ly/L0bjk I finally have a breather after returning from the Christian Worldview Film Festival to reflect on all that we experienced. Although ending on what turned out to be quite a thrilling evening, it may have been overshadowed by the first screening of Polycarp opening night. The ovation afterwards was overwhelming and totally unexpected. I guess you expect ovations when the winner is announced, but not so much after a screening, so that was special. Before the awards ceremony it was recommended that we have a prepared speech so in case we did win we wouldn’t stumble over our words without knowing what to say. As awkward (presumptuous) as that felt, it was good advice. I also knew that keeping it short and sweet would be the best approach. I had my list; give glory to God, honor the cast and crew, thank Phillip Telfer for the event, and express my appreciation to Jerica and Joe for their hard work. Although the moments were a blur, I think I covered all the above when speaking after receiving the Audience Choice Award. What I didn’t do was thank all the individuals that made outstanding contributions toward the production of the film. If I would have, I’m sure I would have left someone out, and then where do you stop? It is a team effort, and everyone’s contribution is critical. Of course the actors are the most conspicuous, especially Garry Nation (Polycarp) and Eliya Hurt (Anna), but all the cast was wonderful and we appreciate them all for their contribution. Of course it was great to see Ben Botkin recognized for his contribution of a great original music score. I also want to recognize and thank a couple other people who contributed their expertise and many hours of hard work on the project, David Cook, our Production Manager, and Scott Eash, our Producer. I must also acknowledge Marcela Shaw and thank her for the research and production design expertise she brought to the project, and Jonathan Hedrick as the Director of Photography for also bringing his eye during production. John-Clay Burnett for implementing his experience as Editor, and Nathan Ashton for all of his work as Audio Designer. I really could go on and on, and now you know why I didn’t do it the night of the awards ceremony. You’ll have to get the DVD and watch the credits for the long list of the many people we are thankful had a part. Click on the image below to hear what a few of the attendees from the Christian Worldview Film Festival have to say about POLYCARP! God is truly glorified in the product of the Polycarp movie, and He was glorified in the production process… the answer to our prayers. May He continue to be, and thanks be to Him, most of all. Read the new article "Polycarp: Exposing the Vanity of Fear" here: http://ow.ly/L0eis Here's a quick recap of the progress: We've had many hours and terebytes of footage to sort through, lots of editing , running the kickstarter campaign, a pickup shoot, visual effects, the color grade, sound design, and the amazingly beautiful musical score. The official Polycarp trailer has been released! On this first day of 2015, we are very excited to unveil the official trailer for POLYCARP! Please watch and share! Independent movies like POLYCARP depend on fans like you to spread the word. We don't have millions of marketing dollars like some films, so we have to make it a grassroots effort. Thanks so much for helping to make this God-honoring, family friendly movie possible. Click the image below to watch: Church Screenings If you would like to learn how you can show POLYCARP at your church, please register for more details at our website! It only takes a few minutes. We have lots of exciting things to share in the coming weeks and months! Look for some major endorsements and other exciting news, right here in your inbox! For two weeks now, an enthusiastic writing team has been assembling each day in a focused push towards completing the POLYCARP: DESTROYER OF GODS script. Jerica Henline, lead writer at Henline Productions, shares, "I am beyond thrilled about the progress that has been made over the past few weeks, but please continue to pray! There is a lot yet ahead of us." They begin each morning in a time of prayer and scripture reading. "It always sets the day on the right track. We have continually seen the Lord at work and it is so encouraging to see things come together in upexpected ways," comments Joe Henline, director of the Polycarp project. The writing process has been a painstaking journey of discovery. Rebekah Cook explains, "One of the keys to crafting a script is to keep the end in mind. Break it down first. Then clarify the story goal, what it's building up to, and why." The long hours are paying off. After identifying and classifying specific and necessary plot elements, they are then prayerfully blended into a screenplay structure to manage flow and pacing, interweaving individual plot-threads to strengthen the core of the story. "When the scene timeline was complete on the wall, we went through and made sure each character arc was working," says David Cook, key story analyst. "It's neat how the layers keep building to move the story forward." We are excited about the headway being made here in Loveland, Ohio, and we look forward to keeping you updated throughout the months ahead. Please keep the team in your prayers as they labor to finish this crucial phase of the writing process. "In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths." Proverbs 3:6 CINCINNATI, OH, Jan. 24-- 'Polycarp: Destroyer of Gods' has been announced as the next film project from Joe and Jerica Henline, an award-winning brother and sister filmmaking team. 'Polycarp' will be their first feature and the first film made under the banner of Henline Productions, formerly J&J Productions. Joe will direct and Jerica will write the screenplay. The full-length feature film, inspired by the research and writings of Rick Lambert, will depict the story of second century church father, Polycarp, the bishop of Smyrna, who faced severe persecution at the hand of Roman oppressors. Joe and Jerica's father and also the film's executive producer, Jerry Henline, says, “We are seeking to use the medium of film to inspire today's generation to stand for their faith against all opposition.” Joe (age 17) and Jerica (age 19) were the filmmakers behind last year's 'Lady Jane Grey,' a short film that earned them the Best Young Filmmaker award at the 2012 San Antonio Independent Christian Film Festival, Best Young Filmmaker at the GloryReelz Christian Film Festival, Golden Crown Award (Best Student Production) at the International Christian Visual Media Festival, Best Young Filmmaker at The Attic Film Festival, and finalist nominees at others. The Henlines are assembling a professional film crew with experience in a variety of independent Christian films. “The pieces are falling into place,” says Jerry Henline, “and we are excited about the team that is working with us to produce a film with excellence and for the glory of God.” Like most independent films, 'Polycarp' will be made with the combined efforts of many talented actors and crew members. Films on this scale are made possible only by prayer and financial support from people who strongly believe in the film's mission. Information about the production and release of 'Polycarp: Destroyer of Gods' will be announced at the website of Henline Productions: [www.henlineproductions.com]. For interview requests or photos, contact: Jerry Henline, 513-680-6480, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. for [Henline Productions http://www.henlineproductions.com/] Copyright 2017 Henline Productions	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1387
__label__wiki	0.584519	0.584519	In Case You Missed It: The Politics of Poverty May 31, 2015 In Case You Missed It In this issue, more on poverty and politics, low-income job sprawl, the hidden side of poverty and inequality, and the rise in impact investing. This clever comic is making the rounds about how privilege and inequality affect us in a myriad of hidden ways: Over at the Guardian, Alex Andreou discusses the rise of city architecture designed to thwart homeless people from sleeping in certain areas: We see these measures all the time within our urban environments, whether in London or Tokyo, but we fail to process their true intent. I hardly noticed them before I became homeless in 2009. An economic crisis, a death in the family, a sudden breakup and an even more sudden breakdown were all it took to go from a six-figure income to sleeping rough in the space of a year. It was only then that I started scanning my surroundings with the distinct purpose of finding shelter and the city’s barbed cruelty became clear... We curse the destitute for urinating in public spaces with no thought about how far the nearest free public toilet might be. We blame them for their poor hygiene without questioning the lack of public facilities for washing. It costs £5 to take a shower at King’s Cross station. Willful misconceptions about homelessness abound. For instance, that shelters are plentiful and sleeping rough is a lifestyle choice. Free shelters, unless one belongs to a particularly vulnerable group, are actually extremely rare. Getting a bed often depends on a referral from a local agency, which, in turn, depends on being able to prove a local connection. For the majority of homeless people, who have usually graduated from a life as itinerant sofa-surfers, it is impossible to prove. At Rawstory, Greta Christina discusses why fiscal conservatives who say they are socially liberal are missing the point on issues like poverty: You can’t separate fiscal issues from social issues. They’re deeply intertwined. They affect each other. Economic issues often are social issues. And conservative fiscal policies do enormous social harm. That’s true even for the mildest, most generous version of “fiscal conservatism” — low taxes, small government, reduced regulation, a free market. These policies perpetuate human rights abuses. They make life harder for people who already have hard lives... And in case you hadn’t noticed, poverty — including the cycle of poverty and the effect of poverty on children — disproportionately affects African Americans, Hispanics, other people of color, women, trans people, disabled people, and other marginalized groups. So what does this have to do with fiscal policy? Well, duh. Poverty is perpetuated or alleviated, worsened or improved, by fiscal policy. That’s not the only thing affecting poverty, but it’s one of the biggest things. To list just a few of the most obvious examples of very direct influence: Tax policy. Minimum wage. Funding of public schools and universities. Unionization rights. Banking and lending laws. Labor laws. Funding of public transportation. Public health care. Unemployment benefits. Disability benefits. Welfare policy. Public assistance that doesn’t penalize people for having savings. Child care. Having a functioning infrastructure, having economic policies that support labor, having a tax system that doesn’t steal from the poor to give to the rich, having a social safety net — a real safety net, not one that just barely keeps people from starving to death but one that actually lets people get on their feet and function — makes a difference. Jared Bernstein is back in the Washington Post, this time to explain why presidential hopefuls' flat tax proposals are regressive: [A]ny real-world incarnation would be a lot worse than the current code on at least two key dimensions: fairness and fiscal. It’s a highly regressive tax that would mean the loss of gobs of revenue. Moreover, its simplicity is a ruse. The thing that complicates the tax code is not the number of rates. It’s the myriad ways in which we define different types of income. It’s all the preferences, deductions and credits... Now, you might argue that a flat tax will get rid of those, but all that tells me is that a) you don’t know the tax lobby, and b) you’re one of the few people who’s not running for president. I deduce “b” from the fact that I find it extremely hard to envision a viable candidate who tells people that she’s going to get rid of the mortgage interest deduction. Or, if she’s a Republican (or a Wall Street-oriented Democrat), that she’s going to get rid of tax preferences for capital gains, dividends, and the interest-based financing that’s the mother’s milk of private equity investors. George Mason University's Ilya Somin argues abuse of eminent domain harms the poor. And in other stupid news, Think Progress' Bryce Covert discusses all the new rules added on the welfare recipients' that erode time, money and probably sanity: At the beginning of July, a new restriction will go into effect for recipients of welfare in Kansas that will only allow them to withdraw $25 in benefits a day. As Max Ehrenfreund pointed out, given that ATM withdrawals come with a fee and are usually limited to multiples of 20, families will end up losing much of the money they normally receive to paying those charges — money that will go to financial institutions instead... But it’s not the only state that has been looking for ways to make life harder on the poorest. Others have imposed drug tests and harsh limits without evidence that the policy changes would do much good. Why Work for It Your editor loves role-playing games and thus was interested when this story popped up about a game called World Factory, in which you are on the board of a company operating in China. In the Guardian, Paul Mason explains how even young hipsters easily strayed into bad business behavior: The classic problem presented by the game is one all managers face: short-term issues, usually involving cashflow, versus the long-term challenge of nurturing your workforce and your client base. Despite the fact that a public-address system was blaring out, in English and Chinese, that “your workforce is your vital asset” our assembled young professionals repeatedly had to be cajoled not to treat them like dirt. And because the theatre captures data on every choice by every team, for every performance, I know we were not alone. The aggregated flowchart reveals that every audience, on every night, veers towards money and away from ethics. Svendsen says: “Most people who were given the choice to raise wages – having cut them – did not. There is a route in the decision-tree that will only get played if people pursue a particularly ethical response, but very few people end up there. What we’ve realised is that it is not just the profit motive but also prudence, the need to survive at all costs, that pushes people in the game to go down more capitalist routes.” Advocates of the guaranteed basic income are in this piece from David Wheeler in the Atlantic: Many experts believe that, unlike in the 20th century, people in this century will not be able to stay one step ahead of automation through education and the occasional skills upgrade. A recent study from Oxford University warns that 47 percent of all existing jobs are susceptible to automation within the next two decades. Worries about robots replacing human labor are showing up more frequently in the mainstream media, including the front page of The Wall Street Journal. Recent books, such as The Second Machine Age and Who Owns the Future, predict that when it comes to robots and labor, this time is different. People in other countries, especially in safety-net-friendly Europe, seem more open to the idea of a basic income than people in the U.S. The Swiss are considering a basic income proposal. Most of the candidates in Finland’s upcoming parliamentary elections support the idea. But in the U.S., the issue is still a political non-starter for mainstream politicians, due to lingering suspicions about the fairness and practicality of a basic income, as well as a rejection of the premise that automation is actually erasing white-collar jobs. Hence Santens’ do-it-yourself approach. In Vox, Joseph Stromberg looks at why so many poor people now live so far from where they work, thanks to "job sprawl": Starting in the 1950s, extensive highway systems were built through almost every major US city, linking them with budding suburbs. Along with other factors, this led many wealthy, white residents to flee cities, initially commuting in for work on the highways. Employers eventually followed them, bringing workplaces to the suburbs and leaving fewer jobs in the cities. Since at least the 1990s, the majority of suburbanites commute to the suburbs for work. "The dominant pattern today," says Alan Pisarski, a commuting researcher, "is suburb to suburb." ...This is an especially big problem because so many cities have poor public transportation systems, especially once you go beyond the city center. For the urban poor, this leaves two bad options for getting to work in the suburbs. "It means trying to come up with money for a car that's difficult to afford, or finding a way to take overworked, underfunded bus systems out to these locations," says Norton. Socially Invested Bits Conscious Venture Lab's Jeff Cherry argues ride-share company Uber's challenges are not just about regulation and competition but also about a lack of "organizational ethics", such as not using surge pricing in Australia during a terrorist attack: They fail to grasp what seems to be an emerging truth, that purpose and social capital will be the true value drivers in the future. The backlash against Uber is real, and the company isn’t handling it well because it doesn’t seem to understand this idea. So far, its response to the issues mentioned above has been ham- handed. It is as if the company believes the innovation itself should suffice. As societal forces continue to influence how we decide what companies to work for, buy from, partner with, invest in, and allow into our communities, innovation itself simply isn’t going to be enough to create great and enduring companies. Truly successful companies are great because they’ve found a better way to create value for everyone and a better way to treat all of their stakeholders. Impact Assets' Fran Seegull says impact investing is here to stay and retail investors have a chance to join the fun: Impact investing - investing for financial returns as well as social and environmental impact - is on the rise. More than $6.5 trillion is now invested with impact in the US. That is a 76 percent increase from 2012 and includes investments in the public capital markets and in private impact ventures. This trend is likely to continue for a number of reasons. First, more than $40 trillion of wealth is predicted to be transferred in the next 30 to 40 years from Baby Boomers to women and Millennials - two groups that are disproportionately interested in making investment decisions that are consistent with their social and environmental values. Second, there are a growing number of intractable challenges that both require impact solutions and create an opportunity for financial returns. These problems are social (e.g., population growth, poverty, food security, and public health) and environmental (e.g., climate change, drought, sanitation, and other infrastructure issues) in nature. There is also a growing disenchantment with Wall Street and what many regard as its slavish focus on short-term value creation. These factors are creating a surging interest in and allocation of funds to impact investing. Meanwhile, the California Community Foundation's Jack Shakely looks at the debate over donor advised funds and comes down on the side that they are good for philanthropy: [I]f we really want to move beyond fearing this creature, we need to start by understanding how it became so large. How, after languishing in the back corners of the community foundation world for decades, did the donor-advised fund became the hottest thing in philanthropy?... People at community foundations also have learned that by using donor-advised funds to build relationships, they can attract broad-based funding for the arts, education, health care, and the like. Sometimes, in fact, they can even attract the elusive unrestricted dollar. Many years ago, during my time at the California Community Foundation, a wealthy woman set up a small donor-advised fund under our "roof." Then she started attending our quarterly donor luncheons. Apparently, she liked what she heard and saw at those luncheons — because, some time later, she decided to leave the foundation a $260 million unrestricted gift upon her death. Field Notes: The Myth of Affordable Tuitions	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1388
__label__cc	0.670446	0.329554	HESPI The Horn Economic & Social Policy Institute About HESPI Associates & Senior Associates International Advisory Panel First Consultative Meeting of the Somalia Federalism Network (SFN) On July 9-11, 2016 at Entebbe, Uganda[1] Representatives from the Federal Government of Somalia, existing member states and those in the process of formation held the first consultative meeting of the Somalia Federalism Network (SFN), with HESPI support, to discuss the key elements of cooperative federalism in Somalia. The participants at the meeting also included members of parliament and political leaders, scholars and change agents who articulated the challenges and prospects to building a viable and federal state The first consultative meeting of the Somalia Federalism Network took place at Entebbe, Uganda on July 9-11, 2016. The SFN was established at the conclusion of a conference attended by a cross section of the Somali public and policy makers including from the Federal Ministry of Interior, senior representatives of the regional administrations in existence and those in the process of formation as well as members of parliament and civil society organizations in December, 2015. The purpose of the establishment of the SFN is to (i) enhance cooperation and dialogue among the Member States and between them and the Federal government; (ii) spread knowledge of optimal aspects of viable and effective federalism in Somalia, and (iii) empower constituents with evidence-based research and promote horizontal and vertical communication and consensus building The meetings consisted of a 2-day intensive seminar format on key federalism issues, including: (i) Presentation on the foundational basis of cooperative federalism and the intergovernmental relations relevant to a workable federal arrangement as articulated in the Provisional Constitution of Somalia adopted in August, 2012. The presentations also included reflections on division of powers, between the federal units and the central government, in a future federal Somalia; exclusive powers/functions, concurrent powers/functions and residual powers. (ii) Presentation by senior official of the regional states on the status of the state formation process in Juba land and Gulmudug states including democratization, legislative institutions, stability and security, and judiciary. As the Provisional Constitution adopted in August 2012 recognizes only two levels of government, the Federal Government and the Member States level and leaves local governments’ roles and responsibilities to member state governments, the discussion also addressed local governance within the federal architecture adopted by Somalia, within an international perspective (iii) The status of the state formation process: A baseline study by the group. The participants were assigned to conduct baseline studies of specific regions on the status of state formation process and their constitutional readiness for membership in the proposed federation. They were provided with a working template that will guide the studies and informed assistance will be available with the methodology of the research. The baseline studies are expected to be completed by the end of September 2016. Upon conclusion of the project at the end of July 2016, the baseline studies will be made into a booklet on the status of the state formation and the federation processes. The booklet will then guide the work-plan of the SFN, which shall be completed during the second meeting of the SFN, tentatively scheduled to take place before end-2016. The booklet will be shared with policy makers in Somalia and the country’s international development partners. (iv) A paper on “Fiscal Federalism and Decentralization in selected IGAD member countries” was presented at the second day of the meetings, and covered the status of devolution of power and resources sharing in several countries in the sub region. The paper emphasized that transitioning to effective fiscal federal system under a constitutional negotiations should be guided by six important pillars: Institutional Architecture, Expenditure Arrangements, Tax Assignment, Intergovernmental Transfers, Functional and Administrative Capacity, and Institutional Arrangements. There was also discussion of the practices of fiscal federalism in the emerging states of “Jubbaland, Galmudug and Southwest” Somalia, which was presented with promising outlook of integrated, modern and advanced financial systems in existence in these regional states. (v) At the closing session, the participants discussed the processes of formalizing the operations of the Somali Federalism Network and selection of its coordinating leadership. The participants agreed to form a team comprising a chairperson and deputy of the Network that will be reviewed at the time of its second meeting before end- 2016. [1] This meeting was a follow up to two meetings that took place respectively in Addis in 2014 and Djibouti in 2015, facilitated by HESPI. © 2019 HESPI. All Rights Reserved.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1389
__label__wiki	0.808331	0.808331	Israeli women Religion and the State of Israel: Let that woman go! Tzviah Gordetski spends most of her days opposite the Knesset, trying to catch the attention of passersby, particularly MKs. By Peggy Cidor Tzviah Gordetski (center, outside the Knesset with supporters): ‘Why isn’t the State of Israel protecting me and providing me with the freedom I deserve?’ . (photo credit: SHOSHANNA KEATS-JASKOLL) On May 3, the morning after Independence Day, a distraught woman appeared on the sidewalk facing the Knesset and started a hunger strike. Tzviah Gordetski, 53, stood there all day long – and virtually every day since – asking the state to give her her freedom back. Gordetski has been held captive for 17 years by a recalcitrant husband who prefers sitting in jail to giving her a get (divorce according to Jewish law) and she wants the Knesset to approve a bill that could set her free. She says that vindictiveness and bureaucracy have dragged her into a prolonged nightmare in which she is the prisoner of a husband who, imprisoned, cannot support her (and would not anyway). Because working would cause her to lose her National Insurance Institute rights, she remains unemployed and lives in poverty. By rabbinic law, a divorce must be granted by the husband. In many cases, a husband will leverage this power to pressure his wife into a disadvantageous divorce resolution. Despite many improvements promoted by the rabbinical courts, the situation is still problematic for too many women. The worst cases are those of the mesuravot get, whose husbands openly refuse to give a divorce. A husband cannot be forced to consent to a divorce, but rabbinic law provides means of coercion, as in the case of Gordetski’s husband, who will remain imprisoned until he agrees to grant the divorce. This extreme measure has proven effective in many cases, but has so far had no impact on him; this is his 17th year in jail, and no divorce is forthcoming. Gordetski and her husband made aliya 25 years ago from Kiev, then part of the Soviet Union and today in Ukraine. “Upon reaching Israel, we decided to have a real Jewish wedding with huppa and kiddushin,” she relates, adding that since then she has become religiously observant. “The problems started from the beginning. He couldn’t get steady work as a ship engineer and our economic situation became precarious.” Financial difficulties led to acts of violence and things quickly deteriorated further. “He moved out of the house, but used to take all of my salary for his own needs, leaving the children and me – by then we had three boys – in a difficult situation. When I said I wouldn’t tolerate it anymore, he broke into the house and threatened to kill me. He forced me to withdraw my complaint at the police, promising he wouldn’t bother me anymore. I believed him; did I have a choice?” Gordetski opened a small day-care facility in her apartment, registered at the municipality, and earned her living through hard work, taking care of up to 10 babies. By then, she needed help from the authorities, and went to the city’s welfare administration. When she was asked to have her husband sign a declaration that he was not opposed to sending one of the sons to a Chabad yeshiva, he attacked her again. Unwilling to prolong her suffering, Gordetski seeks prompt and courageous action from the authorities. A recent initiative that could be a possible light at the end of the tunnel is a halachic option to annul the Jewish wedding. Promoted by a group of religious women conversant with Halacha, the solution addresses the situation from both a Jewish and feminist angle. Zahava Fisher, a leading figure in this initiative, explains that when specific conditions are met, Jewish law enables annulment of an engagement. In such a case, the dayanim (rabbinical court judges) can declare that due to circumstances, the marriage sanctification is null and void. Being nonexistent, it does not require a divorce. “We have presented our proposal to the Knesset committee for the status of women,” says Fisher. “Scholars have done exhaustive work on the matter. It is in full accord with the strict requirements of Jewish law and provides an answer to extreme cases like Tzviah’s, whose husband apparently will never give her a divorce.” Somewhat ironically, the Knesset committee is headed by MK Aida Touma- Sliman (Joint List), a Christian Arab. She has expressed willingness to help bring the matter to debate. The proposal is supported by Social Equality Minister Gila Gamliel (Likud) but is strongly opposed by United Torah Judaism and Shas, the haredi parties in the coalition. “If there is a call for coalition discipline,” says Fisher, “there is no chance this proposal will be brought to a vote at the Knesset, but we are still trying to convince MKs – especially from the opposition benches – that the fate of Tzviah and other women has to be their major concern.” On Sunday (May 6), the scheduled preliminary debate on the bill at the Law and Justice committee was canceled at the last moment, as Justice Minister Ayelet Shaked was overseas. Gamliel explained that she wanted Shaked to declare her position on the matter in order to enhance the chances of the bill to pass. Meanwhile, Gordetski is still spending most of her days opposite the Knesset, trying to catch the attention of passersby, particularly MKs, with whom she wants to discuss what is at stake and why this bill is so important. “I have two sons serving in the IDF,” she concludes, “and two older sons that have already completed their military service. My four sons protect the State of Israel, so why isn’t the State of Israel protecting me and providing me with the freedom I deserve?” israel jewish state Sharren Haskel covers head in solidarity with Linor Abargil Swedish-Israeli NASA astronaut Jessica Meir gets ready for space Preliminary data from local elections finds increase of 100 women By TAMARA ZIEVE Golda Meir joins Gal Gadot in 'Simpsons' premiere Gal Gadot lands role in 'Death on the Nile'	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1395
__label__wiki	0.996683	0.996683	Factions hopeful on Mecca summit Cease-fire announced Sunday appears to be holding, despite some incidents. jp.services1. (photo credit: ) Hamas and Fatah representatives on Sunday expressed hope that the upcoming summit in Saudi Arabia between Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas and Hamas leader Khaled Mashaal will end the fighting between the two parties and result in the formation of a PA unity government. Meanwhile, a cease-fire announced between the two parties on Saturday appeared to be holding in the Gaza Strip as Fatah and Hamas militiamen refrained from street fighting. However, PA security officials reported that some incidents of violence, including mutual kidnappings, continued. They said among those kidnapped was Ashraf Dahlan, a 20-year-old nephew of senior Fatah operative Muhammad Dahlan, a sworn enemy of Hamas. Our World: Welcome to Palestine Fatah and Hamas representatives who met late Sunday agreed to withdraw all their gunmen from the streets and rooftops, deploy PA policemen in sensitive areas and release all those who were abducted. The agreement was announced in the presence of Egyptian mediators Burhan Hamad and Ahmed Abdel Khalek. Abbas and Mashaal are scheduled to meet in Mecca on Tuesday at the invitation of King Abdullah bin Abdel Aziz. PA Prime Minister Ismail Haniyeh will participate in the discussions along with Ghazi Hamad, Hamas's government spokesman; Osama Hamdan, Hamas's representative in Lebanon; and Ahmed Bahar, deputy speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council. Abbas will be accompanied by former PA prime minister Ahmed Qurei and Fatah legislator Azzam al-Ahmed. The summit will be the second of its kind in the past few weeks. At the previous summit between Abbas and Mashaal in Damascus, the two failed to resolve their differences over the formation of a unity government, triggering a new wave of violence in the Gaza Strip. "We must not fail this time," Mashaal told reporters in Damascus on Sunday. "It is forbidden to shed Palestinian blood and there are limits that should not be trespassed. We belong to one people and share the same cause." Mashaal urged Hamas and Fatah gunmen to halt the fighting and direct their guns against Israel. "We must unite the Hamas and Fatah blood in the struggle against Israel as we did at the beginning of the intifada" he said. "We want political partnership with Fatah and we are not only optimistic, but also very serious about this, and that's why we are going to Mecca." Issa al-Nashar, a senior Hamas official in the Gaza Strip, said he was very optimistic about the prospects of the summit. "The two sides are very close to striking a deal on the unity government," he said. "They have resolved 96 percent of the sticking issues. The only dispute is over the identity of the deputy prime minister, who will be from Fatah." Nabil Amr, a top Fatah official and adviser to Abbas, expressed hope that the summit would consolidate the latest cease-fire. "A political agreement between the two sides will put an end to the bloody events in the Gaza Strip," he said. "Without such an agreement, the situation will continue to deteriorate." Fatah spokesman Jamal Nazal said he was less optimistic. "I'm not aware of any significant progress regarding the formation of a unity government," he said. "We were close to reaching such an agreement before the last cycle of violence. But today the unity government issue is still being regarded as a remote, if not impossible, mission." Hamas's armed wing, Izaddin Kassam, issued a three-day ultimatum to the gunmen and security officers who stormed the Islamic University in Gaza City last Thursday to surrender or face the consequences of their actions. "Anyone who surrenders before next Wednesday will not be harmed," said a statement issued by the group. "We want to give a chance to all those who were involved in this murderous scheme before it's too late." Hamas has accused Abbas's security forces of attacking the university and setting many of its departments on fire. The attack came hours after Hamas gunmen seized a number of trucks that were allegedly carrying weapons to Abbas's Presidential Guard in the Gaza Strip. In Ramallah, Fatah gunmen went on a rampage inside the offices of the Hamas-run Ministry for Prisoners Affairs and stole the personal computer of its minister, Wasfi Kabaha.â€¢ U.S. places sanctions on int'l network involved in Iran nuclear program	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1396
__label__cc	0.531468	0.468532	Home / Comparative Politics, Volume 47, Number 2 Institutional Diffusion, Strategic Insurance, and the Creation of West African Constitutional Courts Authors: Stroh, Alexander; Heyl, Charlotte Source: Comparative Politics, Volume 47, Number 2, January 2015, pp. 169-187(19) Publisher: City University of New York The creation of constitutional courts is a political affair because the judicial review of laws and competences potentially curbs the power of the elected branches. This paper seeks to explain the spread of constitutional courts and the extent of their formal independence. Our comparison of nine former French colonies in West Africa is built upon (a) the combination of the two competing theories of international diffusion and domestic strategic action–the political insurance model–and (b) a new, theoretically and arithmetically refined index of formal independence. The empirical analysis in this area of similar political context supports the argument that global trends and foreign reference models set a minimum standard and that interests in political insurance determine the deviations from institutional diffusion. No Reference information available - sign in for access. No Citation information available - sign in for access. Comparative Politics is an international journal that publishes scholarly articles devoted to the comparative analysis of political institutions and behavior. It was founded in 1968 to further the development of comparative political theory and the application of comparative theoretical analysis to the empirical investigation of political issues. Comparative Politics communicates new ideas and research findings to social scientists, scholars, and students, and is valued by experts in research organizations, foundations, and consulates throughout the world. Abstracts of Recent Articles	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1397
__label__wiki	0.847516	0.847516	Goodbye EPS trays, hello compostable plates May 31, 2015 Industry News, Injection Molding It’s paper versus plastic, as the expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam controversy has once again reared its ugly head—and all in the name of keeping plastic out of landfills. The Urban School Food Alliance, a coalition of six of the largest school districts in the country, announced that they will collectively remove 225 million EPS trays annually and replace them with “environmentally preferable” compostable plates. The six school districts include New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Miami-Dade, Dallas and Orlando, which announced that they will start rolling out the use of compostable round plates at cafeterias this month, replacing the rectangular EPS trays. These school districts collectively procure more than $500 million in food and supplies annually to serve more than 2.9 million students, said the alliance. Andre Riley, Director, Dallas ISD News and Information, said that one reason they didn’t recycle EPS trays was that they “did not have a source that would take our foam trays.” When asked which commercial composting facility the district would contract with to take the trays, Riley noted, “Currently, we do not have a source to compost but do plan to compost what we can in house for campus use. We are in discussions with outside sources on composting opportunities.” Ellen Morgan, a spokesperson for the Los Angeles Unified School District, called to say that the district switched to compostable paper plates about five years ago. “We are not using a composting facility, but we send them to a paper recycler,” she said. “We’re in the pilot program stage for the new paper plates, putting them in a few schools to check out the design, see if it works for the students and getting feedback.” The alliance’s release noted that schools across America use polystyrene trays because they cost less than compostable ones, with the EPS trays averaging about $0.04 apiece compared to $0.12 for the compostable plates. “Given the extremely tight budgets in school meal programs, affording compostable plates seemed impossible until the Urban School Food Alliance districts used their collective purchasing power to innovate a compostable round plate for schools at an affordable cost of $0.049 per plate,” said the release. The molded fiber plate is produced from pre-consumer recycled newsprint that is FDA approved and manufactured in Maine by Huhtamaki North America. The plate has five compartments, with the beverage strategically placed in the middle to balance the weight of a typical meal. The innovation prevents hinging or bending and is easy to handle, noted the release. “Together we developed a quality sustainable product that will be strategically used in our cafeterias to be ecologically sound and maintain effective business practices,” said Penny Parham, Administrative Director of the Department of Food & Nutrition at Miami-Dade County Public Schools. “We are proud of the opportunity we have created.” Denise Landman, Director of Public and Media Relations for Miami-Dade County Public Schools, said in a response to the inquiry that the district chose the compostable plate because to recycle the foam tray “required rinsing [away] the food debris and resulted in increased cost and staff time.” The compostable meal plate provides schools with the ability “to compost the plate with the organic food waste,” she added, but she acknowledged that currently “we do not have a composting facility contract in place for waste pick-up. We are developing compost labs for in-house programs connected to school site organic edible gardens and learning labs on campus. This also provides new opportunities for local and regional composting development and other biodegradable waste disposal initiatives.” Landman said that the district doesn’t consider composting better than recycling, but that it “considers all different sustainability initiatives and continues to look for effective ways to reduce the total waste stream, use renewable resources and promote and find solutions to reduce, re-use and recycle in our schools.” This spring, Urban School Food Alliance school districts will work toward purchasing compostable cutlery and are expected to roll out the new utensils in schools during the 2015-2016 school year. Compostable cutlery will replace institutional-looking plastic sporks that students find cumbersome to use.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1398
__label__wiki	0.80954	0.80954	Ted Cruz Blocks Vote For Aid To Flint, Michigan During Water Crisis Samantha Kilgore Republican presidential candidate Ted Cruz has decided to place a hold on the vote for S. 2012, which would provide desperately needed funding to Flint, Michigan — the community which has been devastated by water that has poisoned them. According to Senator Charles (Chuck) Schumer (D-N.Y.), Cruz’s objection to the deal is directly related to the part of the deal which provides funding to the community. As Bloomberg reports, Cruz’s office has not responded to any requests for comments as to why the current senator from Texas has decided to block the vote that would ultimately provide Flint, Michigan, with the funds needed to deal with the pressing water crisis. Senate Democrats are outraged and stunned by this move from Senator Cruz. Senator Gary Peters, a Democrat from Michigan, was incredulous. “I think it’s outrageous, if that is the case. I can’t understand why.” And, as Senator Ted Cruz, during his bid for the GOP nomination for the White House, continues to block the passage of the federal aid bill for the citizens of Flint, Michigan, those citizens still continue to struggle in a town where the very water is actual poison. The main resistance by those few Republicans against providing Flint, Michigan, with federal aid is the idea that the people of Flint should pay for their own federal assistance. Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) said bluntly that the role of federal government isn’t “to preemptively pay the bill, it’s working through the EPA and other clean-water trust funds that could be available.” The main Republican objection to the bill is that they believe that the people of Flint should have to pay for their own federal assistance. Earlier this month, Harry Reid called out Cruz’s fellow Texas Senator John Cornyn for hypocrisy on Flint. “Last year Texas was devastated with historic flooding, it was the federal government that stepped in to provide disaster relief for the people of Texas. Who stepped in? The federal government stepped in to help the people of Texas. That’s why I was disappointed to see the senior Senator from Texas say: ‘While we all have sympathy for what’s happened in Flint this is primarily a local and state responsibility.'” Furthermore, Cruz also lobbied for federal funds for Texas. Last year, he asked for federal funds for Texas following a series of deadly floods, and he also asked for federal aid in 2013, after the explosion at a Texas fertilizer plant. It has been noted, though, that although Cruz has never hesitated to ask for federal funds for his own state following a crisis, his block on providing funds to Flint, Michigan is not the first time he has attempted to deny needed relief to other states. Cruz also opposed any federal aid going to victims of Hurricane Sandy, as well. Ted Cruz has demanded aid for Texas at least twice following crises, but opposed aid to victims of Hurricane Sandy. [Image credit: Joe Raedle/Getty Images News]The package designed to help address the needs of Flint, Michigan was thought to be a bipartisan bill and included $850 million to address the ongoing public health catastrophe. In order to garner bipartisan support for the bill, Democrats agreed to deep cuts in an advanced vehicle manufacturing loan program in order to provide Flint with the resources its citizens so desperately need. Michigan Democratic Senator Debbie Stabenow also berated Senator Ted Cruz, who has been accused of using his senate seat as a platform to further his presidential campaign. Stabenow indicated that his refusal to move forward on a vote for aid in Flint may not be as politically expedient as he may think. “We have heard that and not a very smart move for a man who’s going to be in a primary in Michigan on March 8. And in Michigan this is a hugely bipartisan nonpartisan issue that everybody cares about.” The drinking water in Flint became tainted when, in a ploy to save money, the city began to draw water from the Flint River rather than the Detroit water system. The city, which is impoverished, was under the state control of the Republican governor Rick Snyder. Regulators did not ensure that the water was treated properly, as lead from old pipes leached into the city’s water supply. Since then, elevated levels of lead, which is associated with learning disabilities and other health problems, have been found in the blood of children. [Image credit: Getty Images News]Senator Gary Peters said the plan Ted Cruz is currently blocking provides $100 million for subsidized loans and grants to any state that declares an emergency due to a public health threat from lead or other contaminants in its public drinking water supply. “Certainly Flint is an extreme example right now, but there are problems all over the country” with lead in aging pipes, said the senator. “We’ve got a widespread national problem and there should be resources to help every state in the union.” UPDATE: Ted Cruz removed the block he had placed on the hold denying aid to Flint, Michigan Thursday morning. [Image credit: Andrew Burton/Getty Images News]	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1399
__label__wiki	0.894898	0.894898	String Quartet in G minor, Op. 27 Like Sibelius, Grieg tried the string quartet several times, but left only one mature, completed essay in the form. He began writing the Quartet in G minor in the summer of 1877, and worked on it through the winter in a composing retreat in Lofthus, in the Hardanger district of Norway. "I have recently finished a string quartet which I still haven't heard," the composer wrote to a friend in the summer of 1878. "It is in G minor and not planned to be meat for small minds! It aims at breadth, vigor, flight of imagination, and, above all, fullness of tone for the instruments for which it is written." An astonishingly rich sonority is indeed an obvious characteristic of this piece. All four parts have an extraordinary amount of double-stopping, creating a full-bodied sound that is orchestral but also often folkloric, like the Hardanger fiddle music that Grieg knew and loved so well. The main theme of the work, however, comes from Grieg's own song "Spillemaend" (Minstrels, or Fiddlers). The poem that Grieg set in 1876 as the first of six Ibsen songs (Op. 25) is about the Hulder, a water spirit who offers minstrels great musical gifts in exchange for their happiness, and the choice of this song here suggests an allusive and elusive personal program. The theme from the song is boldly stated at the outset and recurs often throughout the first movement. Motives from it appear in the middle movements, and the motto theme returns again in the leaping finale. In many ways, Grieg's bold rethinking of the venerable medium clearly inspired Claude Debussy in his own String Quartet, composed 10 years later and also in G minor. Harmony, rhythm, and sheer sound are all more important than the intimate polyphonic interplay that characterized the classical string quartet. The Romanze movement, with its increasingly abrupt mood swings between sunny lyricism and darkly agitated passion, takes its point of departure from late Beethoven, while the scherzo-like Intermezzo is the most folkloric in its rough dancing energy and spirited play with meter. - John Henken is Director of Publications for the Los Angeles Philharmonic Association.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1403
__label__cc	0.686489	0.313511	Massivit 3D 1:1 concept car signals future of prototyping Events 19 February 2019 Massivit 3D Printing Technologies, the leading provider of large format 3D printing solutions, in partnership with Marie 3D – large format 3D printing specialists – and renowned car designer, Takumi Yamamoto, will unveil the world’s first 3D printed, full-scale concept car. The tribute to David Bowie will be a star attraction at this year’s prestigious Festival Automobile International (FAI) taking place in Paris from January 31 to February 3. FAI President, Rémi Depoix, said: “It is the first time in our 34-year history that we are exhibiting a full-scale car that has been entirely produced with 3D printing. Yamamoto’s concept car demonstrates immense creativity. We were keen to support this project and present the car almost as a piece of art, very much like a sculpture. I am very impressed with this new technology. It opens up new opportunities in terms of creativity and design for the automotive industry.” Takumi Yamamoto, designer of the esteemed GT by Citroen and a former leading designer at the PSA Peugeot Advanced Design Studio, is the creative force behind this concept car which is a consummation of his life-long passions for car design and David Bowie. Paris-based Marie 3D identified that 3D printing was the only feasible production method for implementing the concept car due to its capability to produce complex and creative geometry forms. Traditional manufacturing methods, including CNC routing, would have proven limited in terms of realizing Takumi Yamamoto’s vision. Furthermore, 3D printing turned out to be more cost-effective, having a faster production speed and less waste production. The car has been 3D printed on Marie 3D’s Massivit 1800 large format 3D printer. The company has an established standing in the automobile industry and this innovative project, leveraging Managing Director Philippe Marie’s expertise in prototyping as well as his timely adoption of a Massivit 3D printer, has paved the way for an entirely new approach to producing concept prototypes. This new concept prototype production method has provided the perfect expression of Yamamoto’s imaginative and emotive dream to build a David Bowie-inspired concept car that embodies Bowie’s key personal and physical traits. The design incorporates a core body that represents and ‘protects’ the inner Bowie while the intricate, outer body is designed with different looks from various perspectives in homage to the singer’s chameleon-like personality. Crystals were chosen to reflect the purity of Bowie’s lyrical and musical message. Marie 3D’s Managing Director, Philippe Marie, said: “This was an exciting challenge combining a work of art with a prototype. We especially enjoyed the fact that this is the first project that has allowed us complete creative control, independent of serving a car manufacturer. We have made the most of this total creative freedom. We embarked on the project to demonstrate the capabilities of our Massivit 3D printer in terms of size, speed and reliability. This technology provides a faster and significantly more cost-effective alternative to the conventional processes, supports design creativity, geometric freedom and smoother production.” He added: “This concept car exposes a completely new method and capabilities for prototyping through 3D printing. Our goal now is to expose the possibilities to the automotive world.” Amir Veresh, VP Business Development and Marketing at Massivit 3D, confirmed: “This project highlights how Massivit 3D’s large format 3D printing technology facilitates fresh opportunities for scale 1:1 concept prototyping and is sure to fuel the imagination of tomorrow’s car designers and manufacturers. We are absolutely thrilled to partner in this inspirational project.” Other important players in the project include Cyrille Ancely and Alexandre Larnac. Industrial designer, Cyrille Ancelly, worked on bringing Yamamoto’s dream to life by developing the design and transforming the concept into a 3D model. CG artist, Alexandre Larnac, turned the concept car’s screen-based 3D model into realistic renderings and animations giving the impression that the car was actually driving on the road whilst keeping the artistic inspiration of David Bowie’s spirit. All journalists are welcome to attend the press event on 30th January.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1404
__label__wiki	0.75594	0.75594	Wells Fargo hit with class-action lawsuit over auto insurance charges A Wells Fargo Bank branch office in San Francisco. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) By Laurence Darmiento Wells Fargo & Co., which is still settling class-action lawsuits over its fake-accounts scandal, has now been hit with yet another — related to the bank’s revelation last week that it charged auto loan customers for unnecessary insurance. An Indiana man who says he was charged $598 for auto coverage despite repeatedly asking Wells Fargo to rescind the charges is the lead plaintiff in the case, which accuses the San Francisco bank of scheming with National General Insurance Co. to “bilk millions of dollars from unsuspecting customers.” The lawsuit, filed Sunday in U.S. District Court in San Francisco, does not name the insurance carrier as a defendant. It is seeking class-action status. Last week, the bank acknowledged that an internal probe spurred by customer complaints found that, between 2012 and 2017, about 570,000 borrowers may have been wrongly pushed into auto-insurance policies despite having their own coverage. The policies, so-called collateral-protection insurance, are typically issued by lenders after a customer takes out an auto loan on a vehicle and does not have coverage for it. Wells Fargo said last week that it will pay $80 million in compensation to the customers, including some 20,000 who had their cars repossessed after the charges for the insurance caused them to default on their loans. Catherine Pulley, a Wells Fargo spokeswoman, declined to comment on the specifics of the lawsuit but noted the bank’s offer of compensation. “We announced a plan to remediate auto loan customers who may have been financially harmed due to issues related to auto CPI policies placed between 2012-2017,” the statement said. “We are very sorry for the inconvenience this caused impacted customers, and we are in the process of notifying them and making things right.” The federal lawsuit accuses Wells Fargo of violating the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, as well as California’s Unfair Competition Law and Indiana’s Deceptive Consumer Sales Act. It also alleges fraud. The lawsuit was filed by Baron & Budd, a law firm with offices in California, Louisiana and Texas. Other law firms also have announced they are investigating whether to file lawsuits over the matter, including Keller Rohrback, a leading class-action firm. National General could not be reached for immediate comment. laurence.darmiento@latimes.com Follow me @ldarmiento on Twitter Wells Fargo charged customers for unneeded auto insurance — then repossessed their cars Google’s new shopper-tracking program sparks a federal privacy complaint Hackers hit HBO, claim to release ‘Game of Thrones’ information	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1405
__label__wiki	0.960094	0.960094	Title 10. ARMED FORCES Subtitle E. Reserve Components Part II. PERSONNEL GENERALLY Chapter 1205. APPOINTMENT OF RESERVE OFFICERS Section 12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant adjutants general 10 U.S. Code § 12215. Commissioned officers: reserve grade of adjutants general and assistant adjutants general The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Army National Guard of a State may, upon being extended Federal recognition, be appointed as a reserve officer of the Army as of the date on which he is so recognized. The adjutant general or an assistant adjutant general of the Air National Guard of a State may be appointed in the reserve commissioned grade in which Federal recognition in the Air National Guard is extended to him. (Added Pub. L. 103–337, div. A, title XVI, § 1662(c)(1), Oct. 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 2990.) Prior Provisions Provisions similar to those in this section were contained in sections 3392 and 8392 of this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 103–337, § 1629(a)(1), (c)(1). Section effective Dec. 1, 1994, except as otherwise provided, see section 1691 of Pub. L. 103–337, set out as a note under section 10001 of this title.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1406
__label__cc	0.675757	0.324243	Cancer Society Urges Smokers to Quit 1 decade 2 years 7 months ago Friday, November 17 2006 Nov 17, 2006 Friday, November 17, 2006 3:41:14 PM CST November 17, 2006 in News Also one year after quitting the risk of heart disease is cut in half. Currently more than 70 percent of smokers say they want to quit, but only about five percent are successful. But, smokers say these health warnings are not new. They say there's more to it than just calling it quits. "I've quit in the past quitting is the easiest, it's staying off that's the hardest part." said smoker William Dunkin. In the past, the US Surgeon General said that smoking was the single major cause of mortality in the U.S. A dangerous statistic for America, as currently one in five people smoke.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1407
__label__cc	0.51494	0.48506	Gameday Tailgate Benefits Haiti 8 years 9 months 3 weeks ago Sunday, September 26 2010 Sep 26, 2010 Sunday, September 26, 2010 4:04:18 AM CDT September 26, 2010 in News COLUMBIA - The Sunrise Southwest Rotary Club hosted a Missouri football tailgate today benefiting Haiti. The club sold tickets for an 'all you can eat buffet' for $20. Barbecue, desserts and Haitian beans and rice were available. Proceeds from the event benefit Haiti, which has been an emphasis of the rotary club's international efforts since its inception three years ago. According to Kerrie Bloss, secretary of the Sunrise Southwest Rotary Club, Haiti has always had a strong connection with the club. "One of our club members is actually from Haiti, and that's where his family is from. So three years ago, our club started, and we were trying to figure out where we wanted to put our international efforts with rotary, and we decided on Haiti. Since we had a personal tie to it, it would be a good place to do so," said Bloss. Nearly $15,000 has been raised for Haiti in the past three years. Bloss says they plan to host another tailgate benefiting Haiti next year.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1408
__label__wiki	0.58816	0.58816	Literature and Mental Health The University of Warwick 0:08Skip to 0 minutes and 8 secondsHello. 0:09Skip to 0 minutes and 9 secondsWelcome to the final week of Literature and Mental Health: Reading for Wellbeing. Over this course, we've looked at the ways in which literature, poetry, drama, fiction can help us and provide insight at difficult, stressful times. We began in the first week looking at the idea of stress and anxiety. And the way in which poetry might be a form of stress relief. Then in the second and third weeks, we explored how writers have dealt with two of the great traumatic events in most people's lives, heartbreak and bereavement. Over the last two weeks, we delved into the difficult territory of particular mental illnesses, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression and bipolar disorder. 1:03Skip to 1 minute and 3 secondsThis week, we're going to think about the ways in which literature might provide insight into how we can maintain mental health in later life, how writers have understood the process of ageing, and some of the challenges that it faces. And in particular, the extreme challenge of dementia, Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia are very much in the public eye these days. As the population ages, because health generally is improving, the consequences of memory loss and all the other things that come with dementia are very much in the public eye. But of course, people have aged ever since the beginnings of time. So writers have had to address the question of old age all through literary history. 1:58Skip to 1 minute and 58 secondsSo in order to explore ageing and dementia this week, we're going to look at two very different texts, an old play from 400 years ago and a new novel from just the last few years. Our texts this week are King Lear by William Shakespeare and Grace and Mary by Melvyn Bragg. Jonathan, why King Lear? What can King Lear teach us about old age and indeed, if anything, mental health, dementia? Well, King Lear is Shakespeare's great play about old age. This is a play that begins with a king saying that he's going to retire, to hand on power, rule, to the next generation. He says he's fourscore years old. He's in his 80s. 2:46Skip to 2 minutes and 46 secondsAnd the character of King Lear is perhaps the greatest portrait of an old man in the whole of Western literature. 2:56Skip to 2 minutes and 56 secondsI've always been intrigued by the mental world of the king. This is a play about mental disintegration. We see him getting angry. We see him beginning to lose his reason. And terribly, sadly, being aware that he's losing his reason, 'Let me not go mad, sweet heavens'. He seems to know he's going mad. We then see the king stripping off his clothes and running around. We find him speaking very strange language, sometimes a language of anger, sometimes a language of sexual disgust. And then we see a kind of restoration through the good grace of his daughter. We also see his memory disappearing. There are times when he seems to forget who he is or where he is. 3:46Skip to 3 minutes and 46 secondsAnd I've often wondered whether Shakespeare witnessed symptoms that we would now call those of dementia in an old man or old men that he knew, and whether in some ways that shaped the play. Well, he oscillates between moments of great rage and anger and then moments of being like a child. And I think if anyone's been around somebody who's suffered from dementia, they might be somebody they recognise in that kind of behaviour. Is that what you're getting at? It is. But it's a question I asked. 4:20Skip to 4 minutes and 20 secondsI mean, it seems to me that it's self-evident that King Lear is a play that explores in very interesting ways the problem of retirement, the problem of what is left to us when we hand over our work to someone else, also it's a play about the problem of dealing with quite a difficult parent from the point of view of the children. Those are things that even though Lear is a king, they're problems we all have to face. It's a domestic drama. It's a family situation. It is a family drama. A family drama. Yeah. But the question of whether using modern insights about dementia is a helpful way into the character of King Lear, I think that's an open one. 5:07Skip to 5 minutes and 7 secondsSo I went to see the great actor Sir Ian McKellen, who played the part of King Lear. And as we'll see in the interview, he very much agreed that it's the play is tremendously powerful in dealing with issues around the stress of retirement, of moving into a later age, and with the issue of family. But he was actually sceptical of the view that dementia, Alzheimer's, was a helpful way of approaching the part. Whereas another actor, Simon Russell Beale, who played the part recently at the National Theatre in London, playing the part of the age of 52, so much younger than Ian McKellen. He, by contrast, really did think that it was helpful to do some research into dementia. 5:57Skip to 5 minutes and 57 secondsAnd indeed, he discovered a particular form of dementia known as Lewy Body Dementia. And it seemed to him that the symptoms of that sort of ticked all the boxes as far as King Lear was concerned. Now, of course, it's part of the greatness of Shakespeare that two different actors can take very different views on how to approach a part. But in exploring King Lear ageing and dementia in the company of two great actors, I found it a fascinating journey. So that was the work I did for this week. But you've been reading Melvyn Bragg's novel, Grace and Mary, and indeed talking to Melvyn about it. So could you explain what that novel's about? Well, I can. 6:40Skip to 6 minutes and 40 secondsAnd one of the reasons I really like this text is it's about a woman who enters dementia in the way that you've talked brilliantly about King Lear, the father, the patriarch and so much of King Lear is about actually what happens when power, the patriarch loses his power. And I was thinking as you were talking about his fragmentary sense of self. 'He hath ever but slenderly known himself' and there's lots of references to O's and having no place. And I think when I read Grace and Mary, I had these sort of similar feelings about who is this woman because she's no longer... she doesn't have the identity that she once had. So the story is... 7:19Skip to 7 minutes and 19 secondsSo is that Grace or Mary? Which is the... So this is Mary. It's a fictionalised autobiography, so it's a sort of faction if you like. And it's Melvyn Bragg's novel, a fictionalising of his own experience of his mother's dementia. But it's a novel. And in the course of the novel, John, the narrator, has to visit his mother, who's in a home for dementia. And increasingly, it becomes more and more difficult as she gets further and further into the decline. And one of the ways that the narrator, John, is able to communicate with Mary is through poetry and indeed, through song. And this was fascinating to me, is it the rhythm? I'm fascinated by rhythm. 8:11Skip to 8 minutes and 11 secondsMary has learned poetry by rote as a child. So one of the last things to go is her memory of certain poems that she read as a child. When we had our discussion about dementia with Simon Curtis, he talked about different parts of the brain that still remain active. And it seems that a part of the brain that might have remained active for Mary was this part that responded to poetry and song. Well, as we've done throughout this course, we've gone on two kinds of journey. We've gone to see doctors to find out about the medical aspects. And we've gone to see writers and readers to find out about the literary aspects. 8:54Skip to 8 minutes and 54 secondsSo Paula spoke to Dr Simon Curtis about the physiology of Alzheimer's and dementia. And then I went down to see Ian McKellen to talk about King Lear. Welcome to Week 6: Ageing and dementia Over the past five weeks, we’ve thought about how literature can help us to cope with the stresses and difficulties of life. We’ve thought about some of the emotional challenges, like heartbreak and bereavement, that almost all of us will experience, as well as addressing some specific mental health conditions, including PTSD, depression and bipolar disorder. In this final week of the course, we’ll be exploring the difficulties associated with later life, focusing on the experience of ageing and on the associated mental health condition, dementia. Together, we’ll be looking at two texts, William Shakespeare’s 17th century play King Lear, and Melvyn Bragg’s autobiographical novel Grace and Mary, which was published just a few years ago. Although they are separated by almost 400 years, both texts explore the challenges of ageing, the difficulties faced by children looking after ageing parents, and the effects of ageing upon personal identity. King Lear is one of the greatest portrayals of ageing in Western literature. It explores the sense of uncertainty that can result from retirement, and the role-reversal that often comes with ageing, as the children become the parents. Throughout the play, Lear’s behaviour is changeable. At times he grows irrationally angry, while at others he appears like a vulnerable child. Some people have suggested that Lear might actually be suffering from a form of dementia; others, however, are sceptical of the diagnosis. In the first part of this week, we’ll be exploring this debate, listening to the contrasting views of two actors who have played the part, Sir Ian McKellen and Simon Russell Beale. In the second part of the week, we’ll be thinking about Melvyn Bragg’s novel Grace and Mary. Drawing upon Melvyn’s own experiences, the novel tells the story of a man, John, who is looking after his mother as she gradually succumbs to dementia. We’ll be talking to Melvyn about the events that shaped the novel, and particularly about how songs and poems helped him to connect with his mother once she had started to lose her memory. Together, we’ll be thinking about relationship between poetry and memory, and about why poems learned ‘by heart’ can so often be remembered even after other memories have been lost. Throughout the course we will be addressing some sensitive and potentially upsetting topics. We encourage all of you to exercise your own judgement, and to skip any material that you think may be distressing rather than helpful for you. Please also remember to be considerate of your fellow learners in the discussion areas, both when commenting and when responding to comments made by others. If you are experiencing any of the conditions that we discuss during the course, or if you feel that you are in need of help, you should speak to a medical practitioner or counsellor, who will be able to offer professional support. You can also seek help from charities and care organisations such as the Samaritans. We’ve included a link to their website at the bottom of the page. © University of Warwick Literature and Mental Health: Reading for Wellbeing Welcome to the course Welcome to Week 2: Heartbreak Welcome to Week 3: Bereavement Welcome to Week 4: Trauma 'Mental Cases' by Wilfred Owen Welcome to Week 5: Depression and bipolar Discussing depression and Bipolar Disorder with Stephen Fry Professional Resilience: Building Skills to Thrive Learn how to become more resilient in your personal and professional life. What Is a Mind? Explore the most pertinent scientific and philosophical concepts for understanding our own minds with this free online course European University Institute (EUI) Cultural Heritage and the City Discover how cities develop their own unique cultures and explore key concepts related to cultural heritage. Browse more in Literature and Health & Psychology Psychology & Mental Health	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1413
__label__wiki	0.798249	0.798249	MO Rep. Corlew thinks Greitens should step down By: Cynthia Newsome KANSAS CITY Mo. — Missouri State Rep. Kevin Corlew is calling for Gov. Eric Greitens resignation and promising to push for impeachment if the governor doesn't step down. Corlew is one of a growing number of Republican state lawmakers who want Greitens out of office. "I do think the governor should resign. I think that would be in the best interest of our state and our legislature agenda," said Corlew. Even the governor's friend and political ally, Missouri Attorney General Josh Hawley jumped ship and is now with those legislators calling for Greitens to resign or be impeached. "It was a big step and it showed that the attorney general like us are putting the people of Missouri over politics and putting party issues aside and moving ahead with what's right and what's wrong. More importantly, than what's good for the party," Corlew added. Greitens maintains that the accusations against him are false. Still in Jefferson City, on the floor of the Missouri Senate, some Democrats debated the idea of stopping all votes, to keep bills from getting to the Governor's desk. But the governor's defense team is making some accusations of their own — accusing the St. Louis County Prosecutor leading the charge against him of misconduct for withholding a videotape of an interview with the governor's former mistress. Prosecutors initially told the Greitens' defense team that the tape had an audio problem and was being repaired, but last night suddenly found the videotape and gave a copy to the defense team. "Facts that have been set forth in the investigative report do not show consensual. They show a pattern of sexual abuse and physical abuse that is very troubling and very disturbing," Corlew explained. Corlew does not believe that the governor's character is befitting the state's top public office.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1414
__label__wiki	0.814651	0.814651	La Jolla wedding planner to be featured on WE Network Melissa Barrad makes her debut on “The Wedding Planner” this weekend Melissa Barrad is one of four wedding coordinators who will be featured on episodes of “The Wedding Planner,” a tux and gown reality show on the WE Network, on Aug. 31 and Sept. 21. Barrad, who owns I Do…Weddings!, said representatives from WE Network approached her about being featured on their show last year around the holidays after learning about her online. The series debuted in June, with each episode showcasing two weddings. Before filming could start, Barrad said the network had to get clearance from everybody: the bride and groom, their families, the guests, vendors, service providers and the venue owners. Once the logistics were handled, Barrad went about her business, trailed by the technical staff. “I literally had my own camera crew following me around,” Barrad said. “It definitely took some getting used to.” Barrad said it seemed like the crew focused on behind-the-scenes footage, trying to capture the ambiguous nature of wedding planning. Barrad, who lives with her husband Brett in La Jolla, has been in business for five years. She combined her love of weddings with her background in marketing and special events to create I Do…Weddings! She started by doing a few complimentary jobs and asked her clients to recommend her. Word of mouth is her primary means of advertisement. “I said, ‘If you like me, tell a friend,’” Barrad said. “That’s literally how I started.” As a wedding consultant, Barrad helps with everything and anything related to the couple’s special day. “Think of me as a concierge. I’m here to help with every detail,” she said. “I think the most helpful part is having someone you trust, a point person.” Barrad said she has one guiding rule: Neither the bride nor groom should lift a finger on their wedding day. She said she tried to free up the parents and bridal party so they also get to enjoy the once-in-a-lifetime celebration. When it comes to planning the actual event, Barrad described her style as “out of the box.” She likes to help couples find unique locations such as private homes, theaters, museums and resorts. One of her weddings even included a petting zoo. “I haven’t been stumped yet,” Barrad said. She coordinates about 35 weddings each year and said La Jolla is one of her favorite places to work. “I love doing weddings in my ‘backyard,’” she said. “There are so many great spots in this area.” A new trend that Barrad has received requests for assistance with is proposal planning. “There’s so many ideas out there, and I think the bar has been set to high - for everything having to do with weddings,” she explained. Barrad said she hopes to see an increase in business after the show airs. Because of the lack of certification in the consultant industry, she said reputation is everything. To learn more about I Do…Weddings! visit www.sdweddingplanner.com or call (858) 405-7244.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1415
__label__wiki	0.555917	0.555917	La Jollan takes helm of Cancer Society’s California division By Debbie Hatch Special to the La Jolla Light La Jollan Georgia Robins Sadler, Ph.D., is determined to lower cancer death rates. This year, the UCSD researcher and resident is in a good position to do just that. Sadler began a year-long appointment as president of the California Division of the American Cancer Society (ACS) in October. She said her focus is on helping the society to achieve its mission, which includes “eliminating cancer as a major health problem.” Sadler, who is the director of community outreach at the Rebecca and John Moores UCSD Cancer Center and a clinical professor of surgery at the university’s medical school, began volunteering for the American Cancer Society in1981. She said the collaboration with various ACS volunteers gives balance to her scientific research. From artists to marketing gurus, the ACS boasts thousands of volunteers. “It stretches your mind in different ways,” Sadler said. “My goal is to encourage every volunteer of ACS to share what they know of cancer control with everybody,” Sadler said. “If each of the thousands of ACS volunteers talk to 10 people, we’d have a loud voice.” While there is not a direct local benefit to Sadler embracing the position, it certainly doesn’t hurt. “You learn from other communities, and you bring that home,” Sadler said. “What is good for Northern California is good for Southern California.” Sadler visits and shares ideas with faculty and volunteers from all over the state. She has “intellectually luxurious” relationships with faculty at SDSU, UCLA and UC Santa Barbara, to name a few. “The ACS scours literature trying to find news on cancer,” Sadler said. She brings tangible cancer knowledge and programming to her position. Noticing disparities in cancer-related death rates among minority groups, she initiated educational programs for African-American women, Pacific Islanders and the deaf community. She advises politicians on health issues and credits former Assemblyman Howard Wayne for getting legislation passed significantly reducing the death rates for breast cancer in women. When Wayne was first elected he contacted Sadler saying, “What do we need?” Sadler’s team answered. Said Sadler:"If we can find cancer early and treat it early, there will be a cost savings to California.” She was right. Prior to the bill’s passage, women with little or no health care coverage could be diagnosed with breast cancer but could not be helped until diagnosed as late-stage, which was too late. Sadler writes grants on weekends and holds weekly meetings with her various groups of students, high school through graduate, assisting in her outreach programs. “I give my time to do anything I can,” Sadler said, including serving on the San Diego Youth Symphony Board of Trustees. “The double pleasure is you can have the fun of developing new strategies and the pleasure of having them implemented on a local level,” Sadler said. The California Division is one of 13 within the ACS. The majority of other divisions include several states. Under Sadler’s leadership, California is a force in the fight against cancer. “How can we get this done?” has become her mantra for many ideas. Sadler’s top concerns are cancer control, getting people to understand what clinical trials are, how to get involved and closing the gap in health disparities. She created a flourishing program in hair salons for African-American women involving books made in stages. She sends new pages to the salons on a monthly basis to inform women of the risks associated with cancer. “This program is successful,” Sadler noted, because women continue to come in and see flyers with cancer facts on the mirrors. The beauticians, trained by Sadler, answer questions and talk openly about the risks associated with clients. Several awards line her office, including Telly and MarCom awards for the short films her team created using American Sign Language and open captioning. “We don’t want to water down info but want to make it accessible,” Sadler said. Sadler is a long-time La Jollan. She moved here in 1978. She and her husband have two daughters who attended La Jolla public schools. Sadler is frequently at the Sporting Club first thing in the morning or late at night. “I can’t tell people to eat well and stay healthy if I don’t,” she said. “We have enough knowledge to hugely change how cancer affects us.” Sadler emphasized success in the cancer fight is a matter of creating equal access to what is known about the disease. For more information visit www.cancer.org or go to www.cancer.ucsd.edu.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1416
__label__wiki	0.699035	0.699035	Home Activities Things to Do in SavannahShare The riverside city of Savannah is the oldest city in the state of Georgia. It was settled in 1733 by the British colonists, under the leadership of General James Oglethorpe and Colonel William Bull. Today, Savannah is one of the few cities in the American South to retain its antebellum aesthetic and architecture, and also has one of the largest historic districts in the country. Savannah shot to fame with the bestselling book and subsequent movie 'Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil' by John Berendt. Savannah’s oak-lined boulevards, colonial mansions and relaxed, laidback vibe has earned it the distinction of being one of the country's most popular tourist destinations. Read on to discover the best things to do in Savannah and find out how you can make the most of your next getaway to this beautiful city. Wormsloe Plantation Historic Site Located on the picture-perfect 'Isle of Hope', the site is one of the most photographed spots in Savannah. The site preserves a part of the former Wormsloe Plantation, which was once established by one of Georgia's colonial founders - Noble Jones. The site has a beautiful 1.5-mile oak avenue, the ruins of Mr. Jones's fortified house, a museum and demonstration area dedicated to scenes from the daily Colonial life. Look out for the 'Wattle-and-Daub hut' and the small outbuildings that recreate the living conditions of Jones's marines and slaves. There is also a short interpretative trail near the museum, which guides visitors past prints of wildlife and birds by Mark Catesby - the renowned 18th Century naturalist. $ 68.49 RoundTrip Owens-Thomas House A historic home that has been designated as a National Historic Landmark, The Owns-Thomas House is hailed for its English Regency architecture. The house was built in the year 1819 and was designed by the famed architect - William Jay, who also designed the Savannah Theater. Symmetry is a hallmark of the buildingâ??s design as is its sophisticated detailing. While here, look for the cast iron veranda on which the Marquis de Lafayette delivered his 1951 address to the citizens of Savannah. The house also has a collection of period furnishings and decorative arts, including early Savannah textiles, paintings and exported Chinese porcelain. SCAD Museum of Art The museum was established in 2002 as part of the Savannah College of Art and Design. It has a collection of more than 4,500 pieces, including haute couture works, drawings, paintings, sculptures and photographs. The museum is currently home to several important collections, including the Walter O Evans Collection of African American Art -one of the most important collections of African American visual art in the country. Also look out for works by Salvador Dali, Andy Warhol, Annie Leibovitz and Pablo Picasso, among others. Haute couture is well represented by heavyweights such as Yves Saint Laurent, Chanel and Oscar de la Renta. The SCADâ??s 86 ft. tall steel and glass lantern is a prominent highlight of Savannah's skyline. Mercer-Williams House Museum The former home of Savannah's most famous (or notorious) art dealer Jim Williams, is one of Savannah's most visited museums. Mr. Williams - whose story was told in Savannah's most famous book, 'Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil' - was the only person in Georgia to be tried for the same crime four times. Tour the house and view the site where Mr. Williams' assistant was shot, which is also the crime for which Mr. William was tried and retried. It is believed that the art dealer died at the same spot six months after his fourth and last trial was concluded. A visit to the Mercer-Williams House Museum is definitely one of the most interesting things to do in Savannah, especially if you're eager to explore the back story of one of the city's most enduring urban legends. Forsyth Park Spread over 30 acres in Savannahâ??s historic district, the park is an oasis of green in the midst of Savannah's concrete jungle. The park has several walking trails, a cafÃ© where you can stop for refreshments, a play area for children and even a 'Fragrant Garden' for the blind. The highlight of the park is the Confederate Memorial statue, which is dedicated to those who died fighting for the confederacy, and its beautiful fountain that makes for excellent photo opportunities. The park hosts several free public concerts throughout the year, which draw crowds from across the city. If you're planning a trip to Savannah and are eager to make the best of its sights, views and experiences, look no further than Lookupfare's OTA. Browse through the best cheap flights to Savannah and the best hotel deals in the city - you'll be delighted to find just how relaxed, enjoyable and fuss-free your holiday planning can be. Don't Just Travel. Make Time Immemorial Family Vacations Things To do In anchorage Things To do In branson Things To do In duluth Things To do In memphis Things To do In nashville Things To do In boston Things To do In dallas Things To do In newyork Things To do In sydney Things To do In stockholm Things To do In stratford	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1421
__label__wiki	0.929579	0.929579	Bernard, Johnson Named Outstanding Alumni The University of Louisiana at Lafayette Alumni Association will honor two Outstanding Alumni during Homecoming 2006 Week. Dr. Gordon Bernard and John McDonnell are the 2006 recipients of the Outstanding Alumni Award. The Outstanding Alumni Award is the highest honor the university bestows upon a former student. It is given in recognition of outstanding professional and personal achievements that have brought honor and distinction to the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. To be eligible for this award, one must be a graduate or former student having attended no less than 10 years ago. John McDonnell The recipients were selected by the Alumni Association's Awards Committee. They will participate in a number of Homecoming activities. Bernard is Assistant Vice-Chancellor for Research and Director, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Vanderbilt University. McDonnell is the legendary head coach of the University of Arkansas cross country and track and field teams. Bernard is a 1972 graduate of UL Lafayette where he earned his bachelors of science degree in biology and chemistry. The Melinda Owen Bass Professor of Medicine received his medical degree from Louisiana State University in 1976. After internal medicine training at the University of Kentucky, he became a Parker B. Francis Fellow in Pulmonary Medicine at Vanderbilt in 1979, where he did his initial research training. In 1987, he was appointed assistant professor in the Department of Medicine at Vanderbilt and later became professor and interim chief of the Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine. Bernard is a member of many professional societies and has received numerous honors. He served on the advisory council for the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and was the NIH Steering Committee chairman for the NHLBI ARDS Clinical Trials Network. He has either contributed or written more than 250 journal articles, book chapters and editorials about his field. He is married to Yvonne Delahoussaye and they are the parents of four children, Aline, Ben, Jacques and Claire. McDonnell is the current head coach for the University of Arkansas Razorback cross country and track and field teams. During his tenure with the Razorbacks, the track team has won 42 NCAA championships, which include 11 for cross country, 19 for indoor track, and 12 for outdoor track. As coach, he has more national championships than any coach in any sport in the history of collegiate athletics. McDonnell has coached all but three of the university's 161 track All-Americans and he has coached 23 Olympians, which include a gold, silver and bronze medallist. At the university, the outdoor track facility is named for him and he is the member of the United States Track Coaches Hall of Fame, the University of Arkansas Sports Hall of Honor and the University of Louisiana at Lafayette Athletic Hall of Fame. McDonnell is a 1969 graduate of UL Lafayette, earning a bachelor of arts degree in Education. He has coached at the University of Arkansas since 1972 where he has been named the District Coach of the year 60 times, Conference Coach of the Year 45 times and national Coach of the Year 30 times. He is married to Ellen Elias and they are the parents of two children, Heather and Sean.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1422
__label__wiki	0.62784	0.62784	The Commercial Free Zone Act 1994 established a commercial free zone at Corozal to attract foreign investment. The zone provides facilities for various activities including manufacturing, processing, packaging, warehousing and distribution of goods and services. Businesses established in the free zone are free of foreign exchange restrictions and receive a range of other benefits including duty exemptions and tax holidays. Goods and supplies entering and leaving the free zone for commercial purposes are exempt from import or export duties, quotas, stamp duties and revenue replacement duties. Income tax is charged at between 2% and 8% on free zone businesses; these rates can be reduced by up to 2% through tax credits earned by employing Belizeans. A fuller statement of the Free Zone Act can be found in Law of Offshore, and details of tax treatment in Offshore Legal and Tax Regime. Corozal Free Zone Management Agency Tel. No: (501)-4-23643 Fax. No: (501)-4-22341 Export Processing Zones (EPZs) Three locations have been designated as EPZs under the Export Processing Zone Act. The San Andres EPZ occupies 28.5 acres of land in the northern section of the country, only 8 miles away from the Mexican border, right next door to NAFTA. The other two Zones are both approximately 9 miles from Belize City, the country's commercial capital. The EPZ adjacent to the Philip Goldson International Airport covers 4 acres, while the Price Barracks EPZ covers 14 acres. In the EPZ, facilities are provided for activities in manufacturing, processing, packaging, warehousing and the distribution of goods and services. In fact, amendments made to the legislation in 1994 provide investors with the added option of constructing their own facilities and developing infrastructure within an EPZ, including independent utility installations. This option enables an EPZ to enhance its economic development, since it does not necessarily have to use the electricity or telephone facilities provided by the two local monopolies (Belize Electricity Ltd and Belize Telemedia Ltd.) While new applications have been approved for ICT companies, the government continues to streamline the EPZ programme. In 2006, only 8 new EPZ companies were approved, bringing the total number of EPZ companies operating in Belize at the end of 2006 to 73. However, the Minister of National Development has subsequently signed a statutory order revoking EPZ status for 18 non-performing companies, reducing the total number of EPZ companies currently operating in Belize to 55. Despite the lower number of EPZs, employment by EPZ companies was up from 3,746 in 2005 to 4,204 in 2006 and exports were also up from US$148m in 2005 to US$160m in 2006. In April 2007, the Ministry of National Development, Investment and Culture announced the signature of an agreement with Pinnacle BST Company granting them Export Processing Zone status to establish a state of the art Information and Communications Technology (ICT) operations in Belize. Under the investment plan, Pinnacle BST will provide technical application services and call centre support in software consulting to its parent company, Pinnacle Group Worldwide of the United States. Operations for the company will be conducted from the EPZ park managed by International Communication Services Ltd. (ICSL) at the Burrell Boom junction in Ladyville. At maximum capacity, Pinnacle plans to employ 100 programmers and software technicians, creating much needed high end employment for residents in the Belize City area. The approval for Pinnacle BST to operate in Belize is part of a new thrust by the government of Belize to expand the EPZ programme to include ICT companies, especially since they create higher income jobs for Belizeans. A total of four ICT companies were operating as EPZs in Belize in the first half of 2007, the largest of which was Ready Call Centre. It relocated to larger premises in September 2009, employing 650 people at the time and declaring its intention of doubling that number over the next few years. An EPZ business in Belize receives a guaranteed tax holiday of 20 years, being exempt from income tax, withholding tax, capital gains tax or any new corporate tax. Other benefits include: an option to extend the tax holiday period; losses incurred during the tax holiday period may be carried forward and deducted against any future profits; any dividend paid by an EPZ business is exempted from tax in perpetuity; exemption from currency export taxes or foreign exchange taxes on all purchases or sales of foreign currency; exemption from customs duties, value-added taxes, sales taxes, excise taxes, trade turnover taxes, tonnage taxes, consumption taxes or other taxes for all imports and exports of an EPZ business; exemption from capital gains tax on the sale of stock or other partial or complete ownership interest in an EPZ business; exemption from property or land tax and property transfer tax. The Land Tax Act does not apply to EPZ property. In the 2010 budget, Prime Minister Dean Barrow announced the introduction of a 'social fee' at a rate of five per cent on the value of all goods and services imported into an Export Processing Zone (EPZ). Mr. Barrow justified the move by saying that: “It is felt that a small fee to offset the duty free status of the EPZs would not threaten their operations or their international competitiveness." Application for EPZ status requires a number of documents, including layout, construction and financial plans, together with a non-refundable application fee of US$500 (at the time of writing). The Ministry of Trade and Industry issues a Certificate of Compliance which authorises a company to take advantage of EPZ benefits. The applicant company also signs an operations contract with the Ministry of Trade and Industry. Further information about EPZ procedures can be found in Law of Offshore, and details of tax treatment in Offshore Legal and Tax Regime.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1423
__label__cc	0.592767	0.407233	Liz and Zol No More Women Abuse Domestic Violence Cycle Of Violence Wheel 2018 Domestic Violence Forms South Africa South Africa Domestic Violence Procedure 2018 Domestic Violence Resource Centre South Africa How Abuse Affects Self Esteem 2018 How To Deal With Domestic Violence 2018 Russia To Decriminalize Domestic Violence South Africa The Cycle Of Domestic Violence 2018 The Nurse Is Assessing An Elderly Woman And Suspects Abuse South Africa What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence 2018 When Is Domestic Violence Awareness Month South Africa Why Domestic Violence Is Not Reported South Africa Category: What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence 2018 How Do You Select The Best Organisation And What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence? What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence and when you have a brief encounter with a narcissist, you might not realize that the person has a personality disorder which is typified by being very self-absorbed and lacking in empathy for others. However, when you are a target of narcissistic abuse, and are in a relationship with this person, your every day life becomes confusing and painful. Before getting into ways you can rebuild your self-esteem, let’s take a moment to describe the behavior of a narcissist for those who might not be clear about what the term means. An individual with narcissistic personality disorder goes through life with an overwhelming need to be validated all the time, and told they are wonderful, smarter than anyone else and are entitled to only the finest treatment by everyone. [lsup_image_15] They take offense easily, and get angry quickly if they interpret a remark as being an insult. In their craving for attention and approval, they are usually adept at being charming when they want something from someone else, and then if they are refused will have an almost instant transformation into being very angry. What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence in South Africa and they are quick to judge other people as inferior, and enjoy using phrases that are racist, demeaning and derogatory of other groups of people. For example, a narcissist, feeling he is superior to everyone else, will commonly say things like, “The masses are asses!” While some people like to say that a narcissist is someone with excess self-love or vanity, that really doesn’t do more than give a surface definition. To know more, you have to understand a bit about how this disorder began, and it is typically stated in definitions of the disorder that it began with trauma early in childhood, during the phase when the child should have been developing a healthy sense of self. Instead, the child formed the opinion, usually as a result of abusive treatment including neglect, that he was not good enough the way he was and needed to create a “perfect” persona to show to the world to gain that all-important approval the child craved. Abuse: What Causes Abuse? 4. Are you still breathing? A relationship with a narcissistic abuser can feel devastating, but notice that you are still alive, and that means there is more for you to do and enjoy in this life, free from abuse. Part of your birthright is that you deserve to enjoy a life that you truly love wherein you make your dreams come true and feel happier than you ever believed possible. You can achieve this switch from victim to victorious by refusing to let the abuser win. Dismiss all those negative things he or she assaulted you with. Domestic Abuse Help - Who Is Responsible for the Abuse in Abusive Relationships? 5. Every day, repeat this affirmation to yourself several times, out loud if possible so that you hear a voice telling you this: “I do enough, I am good enough, I am enough.” Use the power of positive affirmations to build high self-esteem so that you will gradually replace those old negative statements that you accepted as true just because an abuser said them so often with great authority. It is not an overnight process to rebuild your self-esteem when you have been repeatedly abused by a partner or parent with a narcissistic personality disorder, but don’t give up. Keep your focus on building a life for yourself where you only attract loving people and loving events to you, and you will soon find yourself smiling and enjoying peace of mind and glowing, healthy self-esteem. Interesting Facts About What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence in 2018: Domestic Violence: Victims of Domestic Violence If you are a victim of domestic violence or if you know someone who is a victim of domestic violence you may not know what to do in this situation. If it is an emergency you may want to consider calling 911. If you feel trapped in an abusive relationship that involves domestic violence, know that there are many ways to get away from domestic violence. Here are some ideas for victims of domestic violence that are worth exploring. First you may want to consider a way to get away from the abuser and perpetrator of domestic violence. Right from the first domestic violence act, you may want to consider leaving the place that you share with the aggressor. Whether it is the first act of domestic violence or not it is much safer to get away from the abuser and find another place to stay. Too often, victims of domestic violence are afraid of leaving his/her place of residence resulting in more abuse by the perpetrator of domestic violence. If you are a victim of domestic violence you may also want to consider obtaining some external help such as requesting assistance from the police or local law enforcement. If you are in need of legal advice, you will want to consult an attorney. You may also wish to consider contacting a friend or a neighbor to get away from the situation rather than try to get trough it alone. Sadly, victims of domestic violence, who are in a very vulnerable situation, will often be persuaded from attempting to obtain help. External assistance is often very critical to help keep the victim of domestic violence protected. Local police officers and sheriffs are often trained to handle domestic violence cases and can be extremely helpful to the victim of domestic violence. Additionally, law enforcement personnel or city attorneys can provide victims with helpful information related to domestic violence or provide referrals to other local assistance centers such as emergency shelters or safe houses. There are also many local group activities on domestic violence for women which can provide counseling and legal assistance to women. Another consideration would be to obtain a temporary or long-term restraining order in order to stop the domestic violence. A protective order generally provides that the abuser or perpetrator of domestic violence be restrained from having any form of contact with the victim, has to move out from the residence shared with the protected person, and should stay at least 100 yards away from the protected person at all times. If any children or family members live in the same place, they may also be included in the category of protected persons. Anyone can be a victim of domestic violence whether you are rich or poor and whatever your background, such as a school drop-out or university graduate. Therefore it is essential to know how to get help with a domestic violence situation for your own health and safety as well as the health and safety of those close to you. If you are seeking legal advice regarding domestic violence and protective orders, you will want to consult an attorney in your jurisdiction. © 2006 Child Custody Coach What Are The Causes Of Domestic Violence in 2018 Maya had the dream life. She had a career she loved. She married when she was mature enough to pick a partner for the right reasons. She had a partner, a son, a daughter and a lovely puppy. Add the picket fence and you could say she had it all. On the surface of course... Beneath the surface she was struggling with the demise of a marriage due to the malicious interactions of a verbally and emotionally abusive mother in law who was going unstopped in the family. This women had such control over the men in her family, that she could say and do as she pleased, and no one would stop her from viscious behavior. Maya became the victim of emotional and verbal abuse, first from her mother in law, then her extended family members, and then ultimately from her husband. She was a highly educated women, so how could anything so serious be happening in her life? The walls came crashing down upon Maya, when her mother in law crossed the line to not only verbally and emotionally abuse her, she repeatedly hurt her infant son too. The saddest thing about this situation, is that her mother in law "did not intentionally" verbally and emotionally abuse anyone. Even though she was the former manager of a pre-school, she did not consider that flying into a mad rage directed at Maya in front of her 2 month old son, would ultimately harm the baby. After experiencing from Maya how bad abuse can get from an intimate family member, I have committed my life's work to spiritually healing abuse survivors, so you become the mothers, lovers, and the professionals you deserve to be. I will be publishing a series of articles called, "You're the First", that will be about how women and men have turned around difficult situations, and become highly successful in their own right. Believe in yourself, you can get anything you dream of... [lsup_image_15] [lsup_image_32] What Are The Charges For Domestic Violence 2018 What Are The Effects Of Domestic Violence 2018 What Are The Signs Of Domestic Violence 2018 What Can Lead A Woman To Substance Abuse Issues 2018 What Can Verbal Abuse Do To A Woman South Africa What Causes Domestic Violence South Africa What Does Emotional Abuse Do To A Woman 2018 What Does Mental Abuse Do To A Woman South Africa What Does Verbal Abuse Do To A Woman 2018 What Emotional Abuse Does To A Woman 2018 What Happens When You Call The Police For Domestic Violence South Africa What Happens When You File A Domestic Violence Report 2018 What Happens When You Get A Domestic Violence Charge South Africa What Happens When You Press Charges For Domestic Violence 2018 What Happens When You Press Charges For Domestic Violence South Africa What Happens When You Get A Domestic Violence Charge 2018 What Happens When You Call The Police For Domestic Violence 2018 What Does Emotional Abuse Do To A Woman South Africa What Causes Domestic Violence 2018 What Are The Effects Of Domestic Violence South Africa What Are Signs Of Domestic Violence South Africa The National Domestic Violence Hotline South Africa The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence South Africa The National Centre For Domestic Violence 2018 The Effects Of Domestic Violence 2018 The Domestic Violence Act 2005 South Africa The Domestic Violence Act 2018 The Definition Of Domestic Violence 2018 What Happens When You File A Domestic Violence Report South Africa Liz and Zol Proudly powered by WordPress	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1425
__label__cc	0.739735	0.260265	HOME EPISODES HOSTS BE A GUEST CONTACT US Subscribe HOMEEPISODESHOSTSBE A GUESTCONTACT USSubscribe Make Yourself...A Money Making Momma Brooke White (American Idol top five contestant) and Summer Bellessa (model for Deal or No Deal) from The Girls with Glasses, join the show to talk about the ways they’ve implemented motherhood into their career opportunities. Rather than seeing it as an obstacle, they turned to each other and created The Girls with Glasses. If you are looking for a pick-me-up today, this is the confidence boost you need! BROOKE WHITE // INSTAGRAM SUMMER BELLESSA // INSTAGRAM GIRLS WITH GLASSES // INSTAGRAM GIRLS WITH GLASSES // WEBSITE GIRLS WITH GLASSES // YOUTUBE Brooke White the quirky raspy-voiced blonde, spent a handful of years chasing the dream, writing songs, cutting hair in her bathroom and nannying twins, before she landed her big break when she finished in the top 5 on American Idol. Brooke has continued to pave her own path as a relevant independent artist in the entertainment industry releasing six albums and playing live in front of thousands since leaving the Idol stage. She had an opportunity to judge the Miss America Pageant and host on the red carpet for TV Guide. She’s also dabbled in acting, landing the lead role in two TV-movies to date, Change of Plans on FOX and Banner 4th of July on Hallmark Channel. Brooke and her husband Dave welcomed their first child, daughter London, in May of 2012. The one-time nanny has come full circle, loving the roll of a lifetime, now balancing her passions with motherhood. While her current focuses are on raising her daughter London and filming The Girls with Glasses Show, she has continued to find meaningful opportunities to incorporate her music. She recently made a collaboration record NEVER GROW UP, a collection of happy songs and lullabies with the sole purpose to raise money and awareness for Operation Underground Railroad, an important organization that rescues children from sex slavery and captures traffickers. Summer Bellessa At four years old, Summer Bellessa started her modeling career and by 17 had the opportunity to travel the world, working in fashion capitals that include: Paris, Hamburg, New York, Miami, London, and Tokyo. Summer had the pleasure of working with many brands, including Clairol, Sears, Target, Shiseido, Secret, Glamour, AT&T, and Vidal Sassoon. Those experiences as a model opened her eyes to the world outside her hometown of Chicago Heights, IL. Her metamorphosis from model into entrepreneur began as she effortlessly brought creative and talented people together to create ELIZA magazine, a fashion/lifestyle publication found in Barnes & Nobles across the country. Today, Summer creates content on many levels: as an art director for brands and magazines, as well as a producer and as an actress. You can watch her in found footage thriller, Amber Alert. Her crowning creation has been her family. With husband, Kerry Bellessa, they raise their two loving and rambunctious boys, Rockwell and Phoenix. Summer has a brilliant ability to bring motherhood and stylish living under one roof. In her clever heartwarming post found on Babble.com, she allowed her 4 year old Rockwell dress her for a whole week. “Toddler Stylist” went viral, leading her to be featured on the today show, the view, buzzfeed and even landed her a Ted talk. If you love what you are doing, you will be able to overcome anything that comes your way THE DUO GIRLS WITH GLASSES Brooke’s musical background and various creative endeavors have brought a complimentary fit to Summer’s extensive fashion and editorial talents, making them the perfect combo as The Girls with Glasses. Together the girls are finding momentum like never before, bringing fun, heart, humor, how-to and style to their weekly videos. They have been enlisted to bring their flair to brands such as HP, Johnson’s Baby, General Mills, Del Monte, Carnival, Mueller, Method, Ancestry.com, Boden Clothing and beyond. They have appeared as guests on The Steve Harvey Show as well as HSN. Brooke and Summer were also style contributors on Disney’s popular site Babble.com. They’ve filmed multiple original series for Ulive.com, a site created by Scripps Network. Additionally, they’ve had the opportunity to make original content on the Design Network. However, the place that they call home is YouTube, where they’ve created an extensive collection of videos ranging from DIY’s, parodies, music videos, Fashion & Beauty Tips, travel, Home Decor and parenting. Since having children they have discovered motherhood to be a large source of their inspiration and provides them with so many opportunities to be creative in that role. That natural evolution has brought them to what the show is now, a lifestyle variety show for the modern mom. The goal at the beginning was to create a show that could grow with them and their families, allowing them to be engaged moms while still enjoying a creative life and hopefully inspiring other women to do the same. Never Miss an Episode! Subscribe to Make yourself by downloading with your favorite podcast service provider. Letting motherhood stand in your way of pursuing your dreams Allowing yourself to be creative in any way you desire Learning to overcome feelings and obstacles while working in a partnership PROMOTE AND SHARE LuLaRoe March 6, 2019 Make Yourself...A Social Media Marketer LuLaRoe March 13, 2019 Make Yourself...A Go-Giver LuLaRoe February 27, 2019 FROM YOUR FRIENDS AT LULAROE @2019 lularoe. All Rights Reserved. TERMS OF USE PRIVACY	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1429
__label__cc	0.566281	0.433719	Legal Aid Gets Acknowledgement of Paternity Vacated and Paternity Establishment Case Dismissed With Prejudice Posted by Amanda Slater on Sep 21, 2009 in Blog Amanda Slater In today’s world of technology and DNA testing, one would think that paternity establishment hearings would be pretty straightforward. Not so, as I learned from a recent case. The laws regarding paternity in the District of Columbia are a complicated maze of conclusions and presumptions. To pro se litigants unfamiliar with “legalese,” it’s dangerous territory. The story for Mr. Green* began with a visit to the hospital to see a newborn baby that, at the time, he believed was his son. The child’s mother told him the baby was his, and he had no reason to doubt her. Upon Mr. Green’s arrival at the hospital, the child’s mother presented him with paperwork and told him to sign it. Wanting to do the “right” thing, Mr. Green signed the paperwork and turned it in according to the mother’s instructions. Mr. Green signed an Acknowledgment of Paternity that day. A properly executed Acknowledgement of Paternity creates a conclusive presumption of paternity, and a court may order a man to pay child support based solely on the Acknowledgement. In fact, District of Columbia law states that when a valid Acknowledgement of Paternity exists, courts may not order parties to submit to DNA tests. Six months after the child was born, the child’s mother and the District of Columbia filed a motion against Mr. Green to establish paternity and/or provide child support. Luckily for my client the Court credited his testimony, corroborated by the child’s mother, that he was never given “oral notice of the alternatives to, legal consequences of, and the rights and responsibilities that arise from signing the Acknowledgement,” as required for the Acknowledgement to be valid. See D.C. Code § 16-909.01(a)(1). The Court ordered a DNA test. The DNA test conclusively excluded Mr. Green as the father of the child, yet the District continued to pursue its motion for child support. They argued that Mr. Green was the child’s “legal” father, regardless of the facts, and, accordingly, he should pay child support. Legal Aid filed an opposition to the District’s motion and at our hearing last week the District of Columbia agreed to drop the case. The Court entered an order dismissing the case with prejudice and vacating the Acknowledgement. In the end, the case resulted in a satisfactory ending for Mr. Green, but it raises some significant concerns regarding paternity establishment. Are putative fathers having their rights explained to them at the hospital before signing papers? More significantly, do they understand their rights? Do they understand that by signing they surrender their right to a DNA test? And even if they do understand, is it realistic to expect putative fathers to request DNA tests during the excitement of the birth of their child? To send a message to the child’s mother that says I don’t trust you and just want to be 100% sure? There are certainly no easy answers. However, it is worth pointing out that the District does already have in place a process that allows non-biological parents to establish a parental relationship with a child — it’s called adoption. The procedural safeguards involved in the adoption process exist for a reason. They are designed to protect the child and allow a court to consider and investigate the potential parent’s suitability prior to establishing a relationship. Perhaps it’s worth remembering this before the courts begin establishing paternity on the basis of papers signed at the hospital… *Name changed to protect confidentiality.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1430
__label__wiki	0.61928	0.61928	New GERD Device Offered At Mayo Clinic Published Monday 16 April 2012 Published Mon 16 Apr 2012 By Grace Rattue A new device to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition that can lead to serious health problems, will soon be available at the Mayo Clinic in Florida. The device will be offered to patients taking medication for the condition, who continue to have chronic reflux symptoms. The device was approved to treat GERD (also known as acid reflux disease) on March 22 by the U.S., Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The Mayo Clinic in Florida will be one of the first health care institutions in the nation to offer the device. C. Daniel Smith, M.D., chair of the Surgery Department at Mayo Clinic in Florida, an expert on the treatment of GERD who is experienced in using the device, reveals that the clinic expects to offer the device immediately. The clinic was 1 of only 14 centers nationwide to take part in a clinical human trial that resulted in device's approval. Dr. Smith explained: "Mayo has been a leader in the treatment of esophageal diseases, especially GERD, and we are pleased to be offering this new treatment to our patients immediately." GERD is a condition in which a ring of muscle (lower esophageal sphincter) between the lower esophagus and the top of the stomach doesn't close properly and as a result, causes the stomach contents (food or liquid) to flow back up into the esophagus. Although medications to prevent GERD by neutralizing the acid in the stomach are available, if they fail to work, an operation to correct the mechanical defect is considered. According to Dr. Smith, around 1.5 - 2 million of those patients could benefit from significantly less complex treatment than current surgical options. Dr. Smith, said: "The new system will offer a long-needed treatment option for a large group of underserved patients." Although results from the trial that resulted in the approval of the device have not been published, Dr. Smith explains that "the data presented to the FDA revealed striking results when compared to other GERD treatments that have been investigated over the past 20 years. The system offers effective control of GERD with limited side effects and thus far an excellent safety record." The device, which serves as a mechanical augmentation of the lower esophageal sphincter, is a ring of tiny magnetic titanium beads wrapped around the junction between the stomach and esophagus. Although the magnetic attraction between the beads is powerful enough to prevent acid reflux, the attraction is weak enough to allow food to enter into the stomach. Dr. Smith notes that the device can be implanted using minimally invasive surgery methods. Over the past several decades, Dr. Smith has been involved with several new treatments and performs approximately 200 GERD-related surgeries per year. Dr. Smith said: "I expect this device to be a game changer for the treatment of GERD in select patients who have failed management with drugs." Ken DeVault, M.D., chair of the Department of Internal Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Florida, who took part in these studies, said: "I have many patients who are searching for something more than medication for their reflux, but have been hesitant to undergo traditional reflux surgery. I think this procedure may well be a very attractive option for that group." In order to develop the LINX Reflux Management System, Mayo Clinic physicians and scientists worked together with Torax Medical. Mayo Clinic licensed related technology to the company in exchange for equity. Drs. DeVault and Smith are paid consultants to Torax Medical. Written By Grace Rattue What is acid reflux? More than 60 million Americans are said to have acid reflux regularly, and it causes numerous hospital admissions. Read about risk factors, including diet and lifestyle, and the many home remedies people can try. In the worst cases, acid reflux may lead to GERD or gastroesophogeal reflux disease or worse conditions. Read now What is the difference between heartburn and acid reflux? Heartburn is one symptom of the condition acid reflux. Chronic acid reflux may be diagnosed as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. This article examines the relationship between these three terms. It also describes treatments, associated symptoms, methods of prevention, and when to see a doctor. Read now What to drink if you have acid reflux Acid reflux is an uncomfortable condition in which stomach acid flows back into the food pipe. This article investigates which drinks will make it worse, and what you should drink to minimize symptoms. Learn other ways to prevent acid reflux, including some lifestyle changes and medications. Read now Everything you need to know about GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is the long-term, regular occurrence of acid reflux. This can cause heartburn and tissue damage, among other symptoms. Smoking and obesity increase a person's risk of GERD. It is treatable with medication, but some people may need surgery. In this article, learn more about GERD. Read now Leukoaraiosis Alters Brain Function In Seniors According to a study by Mayo Clinic, published in Radiology, a common condition called leukoaraiosis, made up of tiny areas in the brain that have been deprived of oxygen and appear as... Read now Medical Devices / Diagnostics Mayo Clinic Florida Rattue, Grace. "New GERD Device Offered At Mayo Clinic." Medical News Today. MediLexicon, Intl., 16 Apr. 2012. Web. Rattue, G. (2012, April 16). "New GERD Device Offered At Mayo Clinic." Medical News Today. 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__label__wiki	0.747202	0.747202	Julian C Knight julian.knight@chch.ox.ac.uk Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine Julian Knight is Professor of Genomic Medicine at the University of Oxford and Tutorial Fellow at Merton College. He trained as a clinician scientist, studying Medicine at the University of Cambridge and the University of Edinburgh before completing his DPhil at the University of Oxford at the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in 1998. He developed his research interest in the functional genomics of immunity working in Oxford at the Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG) and at Harvard University in the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology. Since 2005 he has worked at the WTCHG as a Principal Investigator and as an Honorary Consultant Physician at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. The core interest of the lab’s research is how genetic variation between individuals modulates genes critical to mounting an appropriate immune and inflammatory response and may contribute to susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious disease (http://www.well.ox.ac.uk/knight-j). Bioinformatics, Statistics and Computational Biology Translational Medicine and Medical Technology Genomic Medicine and Statistics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1436
__label__cc	0.571942	0.428058	'Tis the Season for Seasonal Affective Disorder News By -- Robert Preidt MONDAY, Dec. 29, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs in some people due to decreased amounts of daylight during the winter. That decrease may trigger SAD by disrupting the body's internal clock, causing a drop in levels of a mood-affecting chemical called serotonin, or by altering levels of melatonin, which plays a role in sleep patterns and mood, researchers say. "The most important take-home message is that people who experience seasonal affective disorder should not suffer in silence. SAD -- like other types of depression -- is treatable, and people who experience symptoms should seek help," Dr. Jeffrey Borenstein, president of the Brain & Behavior Research Foundation, said in a foundation news release. Symptoms of SAD may include: feeling depressed most of the day, nearly every day; feeling hopeless or worthless; low energy levels; loss of interest in activities you once enjoyed; sleep problems; appetite or weight changes; feeling sluggish or agitated; difficulty concentrating; and frequent thoughts of death or suicide, Borenstein said. Treatments for SAD include light therapy, counseling and medications. Keeping your home and workplace as sunny and bright as you can may help. It also helps to spend more time outdoors, and to get regular exercise, Borenstein said. The American Academy of Family Physicians has more about seasonal affective disorder.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1440
__label__cc	0.563289	0.436711	OverviewThe Mercatus Integrated Commerce Platform Digital EngagementEnsure a consistent brand experience across every touchpoint Digital CommerceAll the features your business needs to sell online PersonalizationBuild loyalty, deepen relationships, drive sales Why Mercatus? Your go-to destination for eBooks, podcasts, whitepapers, webinars and more to help elevate your business What does the California Consumer Privacy Act mean for your grocery retail business? Mercatus Radio presents the Digital Grocer - Season 2, Episode #2 Are you wondering what the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) is and how it applies to you? Look no further, as we explore in a two-part episode, everything you need to know about CCPA and more. Sylvain Perrier and Mark Fairhurst are joined by Privacy and Security experts, John Tomaszewski and Ted Murphree from Seyfarth Shaw LLP. With CCPA expected to come into effect January 2020, retailers need to consider what is required to ensure they are compliant. Listen in for tips on how to prepare your business and set yourself up for success. Your chance to ask the experts! What would you like to know about CCPA? Submit your questions to [email protected], and we will answer them in the second part of our two-part CCPA episode. Sylvain Perrier: Welcome, ladies and gentlemen, to the Mercatus podcast, Digital Grocer episode 13, part 1 and we’re recording right here at Mercatus HQ. I don’t know what it is outside. Is it spring? Is it springtime. Here in downtown Toronto, it’s … Mark Fairhurst: It’s sunny but it’s still chilly. Sylvain Perrier: It’s a balmy 50? Mark Fairhurst: Fifty, 50 degrees. Sylvain Perrier: For the people that rely on the devil’s tool, the metric system, it’s nine degrees Celsius, which I get confused by the whole metric system. I’m your host, Sylvain Perrier, President and CEO of Mercatus. Joining me in the studio today is Mercatus’ very own Director of Marketing, Mark Fairhurst. Mark Fairhurst: Hello everyone. Sylvain Perrier: At the board is our trusted sound engineers. Scottie is wearing the red shirt. Kevin, go ahead. Kevin: How’s it going? Sylvain Perrier: Great. Mark, so the last time we recorded was at NGA 2019 in San Diego. Mark Fairhurst: National Grocers Association, that’s right. Sylvain Perrier: Yeah, it’s a good show. We participated in the CART event. Mark Fairhurst: Yeah. Sylvain Perrier: And Gary Hawkins released his most recent book, Retail in the Age of i. I actually just finished reading the book and it’s a really good book. For those of you that want to buy it on Amazon, you actually have to put in Gary E. Hawkins. You just can’t put Gary Hawkins because you’ll end up with a collection of books that are, I think, are like mythical sword creatures and stuff like that, which I know it’s nothing to do with retail. Then we sauntered over to beautiful Philadelphia. Mark Fairhurst: That was one heck of a saunter. Sylvain Perrier: It was a saunter for Home Delivery World 2019 and that was interesting because we got to see a lot of retailers, technology providers and miscellaneous companies that have sprouted up to really help the retail industry catch up to the last mile. Mark Fairhurst: Yeah, a lot of specialized logistics companies. Sylvain Perrier: Oh, there was, yeah, there was a lot. We were next to that company that did the automated vehicles. I can’t remember the name. Do you remember the name? Mark Fairhurst: Udelv? Sylvain Perrier: Udelv and they’re doing something with the folks over at Walmart. That was interesting but I managed to get up on stage, do a keynote, was on the panel with Jack Record, CEO of ShopperKit with Chad Petersen from Lowes Foods. We tackled some amazing subjects and we heard some really interesting stuff from Chad in terms of what they’re doing over at Lowes in terms of delivery, in terms of eCommerce in general. On the last day, I was able to interview Ron Bonacci and Ron is the VP of Marketing and Digital over at Weis Markets. Mark Fairhurst: Right? Yup. Sylvain Perrier: What was interesting at that whole show, whether we were at our booth, whether it was after a speaking engagement, we had a bunch of people coming up to us and asking us about CCPA. Mark Fairhurst: Yeah. I think the number of questions was surprising. Sylvain Perrier: Yeah, and then for those of you who don’t know, CCPA is the California Consumer Privacy Act. They wanted to know what is CCPA and how do we solve for it and what do we need to be worried about. Is it like GDPR. They know it’s coming. It’s post GDPR so they’re wondering, is it like it? GDPR is … it comes from the EU and we decided, I think we need to make a show about this and a two-part show because there’s a lot of ground to cover. Now at Mercatus we’re mindful about a bunch of things. We’re mindful of how do we store data, where do we store data. We have to deal with multiple privacy statements because we have both Canadian customers and we have US-based customers. In Canada, pre-GDPR, we’ve always had something called the Personal Information Protection and an Electronic Document Act. Canadians, we always do this. It’s always more than a mouthful. Mark Fairhurst: Try it in French. Sylvain Perrier: Oh yeah. It’s PIPEDA. PIPEDA has, it’s a federal act, but it has some minor … PIPEDA doesn’t have minor modifications but there’s some provincial flavors to it, specifically Quebec, Alberta and British Columbia. We deal with having to deal with the flavor specifically that’s in the province of Quebec because our French audience is a little bit different than the rest of the country. Now, in the US, it’s the Federal Privacy Act from 1974. California, and I know our guests on the show are going to correct me if I’m wrong here, California is one of the very first states to enact its own privacy law. It’s coming due January 2020 and I can only assume from what I’m hearing is it’s going to have a cascading effect with likely other states filing their own. Mark Fairhurst: Correct, yup. Sylvain Perrier: I can only assume that it won’t be long before in Canada, the federal government is going to make some changes to PIPEDA. Let’s jump right into it. To help our listeners understand GDPA and not GDPR, but CCPA and the impact in the industry, we have two experts joining us and they’re from Seyfarth Shaw LLP. Full disclosure, we use them as a law firm on our stuff, whether it’s ADA, whether it’s CCPA and likely some other stuff as well. They have over 850 attorneys. That’s a lot. That’s a big law firm. Probably bigger than the average Toronto-based law firm. They have offices in the US, London, Hong Kong, Melbourne and Sydney. I’ve never been. Have you ever been, Mark, to Australia? Mark Fairhurst: To Australia, no. I’d love to go. Sylvain Perrier: You’ve never been. Mark Fairhurst: No. We should ask our guests how often they go. Sylvain Perrier: I’m they go quite often. Our first guest is John Tomaszewski and he’s Co-Chair of the Global Privacy and Security team over at Seyfarth. John, a pleasure having you on the show. John Tomaszewski: Thank you. Glad to be here. Sylvain Perrier: And our second guest is Ted Murphree and he’s a member of the Privacy and Security team over at Seyfarth. Sir, a pleasure having you on the show. Edward Murphree: Thank you very much for having me. Sylvain Perrier: You’re welcome. John, I’m curious, you and I have been on the phone so many different times and you’re a bit of a scholar of history because I think you’d been in this space as long as I have. I never disclosed how long that is. I’m curious, what’s the history behind CCPA? John Tomaszewski: California’s actually had privacy acts and privacy laws in place for some time and a number of the obligations that exist in the CCPA have been somewhat in California law previously. But the CCPA itself is an interesting, I don’t want to say anomaly, but it’s an interesting historical study because there’s this perfect storm that brewed in California a couple of years ago. We all spend a lot of time talking about the General Data Protection Regulation or GDPR in Europe and that got a lot of press and a lot of discussion in the literature, not just in the legal literature but also with a bunch of folks outside the legal community. One of which was a gentleman by the name of Alastair Mactaggart who happens to be a real estate billionaire in California, San Francisco specifically. Alastair was looking at what was going on with the GDPR and since he lives in San Francisco, on the Bay Area, he’s also looking at what’s going on with all the technology companies that are basically making money on people’s data and went, “Hmm, not sure I like this.” Since California hadn’t been moving in the legislature to do anything to upgrade or modernize the existing law, what he did is he actually said, “What can I do about this?” California has this funny little thing that allows for the population, the residents of California to actually modify their constitution via ballot initiative. You can also pass laws via ballot initiative and the scariest thing about that is in the event that a law is passed on a ballot initiative, the only way that law can be amended in California is if 75% of the legislature approves the amendment so you need a super majority. Makes it very, very difficult to amend a law passed on a ballot initiative. Alastair being the “privacy advocate” that he is, I use the term very loosely and in air quotes. He wrote a ballot initiative law with the help of a couple of lawyers that is pretty anti-business. You guys are familiar with CASL in Canada, the anti-spam law. It makes it really difficult to comply with Canadian anti-spam law because of the way that the law is set up. Alastair’s drafting of the original ballot initiative statute has had the same problem. What the legislature did because the legislature got lobbied by the tech industry and said, “We can’t deal with this, you’d need to do something about it.” What the legislature did and Governor Jerry Brown did is they made a deal with Mactaggart and said, “Look, we’ll pass a law that’s better drafted than what you have that we can live with as long as you take your ballot initiative off the ballot.” He looked at what was drafted and said, “Okay, we can do that.” There was a very quickly drafted law that became CCPA and that was done mostly in response to the political pressure that had been placed on the legislature and Governor Brown as a result of Alastair doing something that really is commercially untenable. That’s really the history as to why that happened. It was both situation with Facebook as well as the situation with Cambridge Analytica, as well as the situation with the GDPR, as well as Alastair being a Scottish national, even though he’s made his money in California. There were a bunch of different things going on and the rationale behind why CCPA got drafted the way that it did was really a political conversation with Alastair Mactaggart to get his ballot initiative off the ballot. Sylvain Perrier: John, is it safe to assume that Alastair decided to do this post, the whole Cambridge Analytica scandal with Facebook? John Tomaszewski: That was definitely part of it. It’s not all of it. The idea that, at least listening to Alastair talk, the idea that individuals need to have a higher level of control or value over their data is really the underlying theory behind what Alastair was doing. The idea is look, businesses like Facebook, businesses where you’re as a consumer not having to pay for the business, you’re then the product, that just sits wrong from an aesthetic perspective. That idea of … He’s Scottish, like us Texans, we have our independent streak. I really think that Cambridge Analytica was more of a nail in the coffin as opposed to the underlying rationale. Sylvain Perrier: Right, right. As an aside now in one of the latest articles, specifically on Facebook in this month’s Fortune magazine, there’s a paragraph that quotes your current governor. I think his name is Gavin Newsom. He’s now talking about that maybe there’s an opportunity here for organizations that are harvesting data and actually generating revenue that they should be paying back to the end user. Is that something that you’re seeing making its rounds or with some of your other clients that are discussing CCPA? John Tomaszewski: Well, the CCPA provides for that. One of the things that’s it’s interesting about the way the CCPA is set up is there are provisions in the act that allow for financial incentives. The concept is there. The issue becomes one of, well, how do you operationalize that? Because it’s really cool and easy in concept, but in practice it’s a lot more complicated because it ends up getting tax law involved, ends up having a whole bunch of other issues around valuing something that is really hard to value because well, while data does have value, it also has a shelf life. What the data is being used for and the value you can extract out of that data is different depending on the context, so it’s a lot more complicated in practice than it is in theory, but it’s definitely something that we’d been hearing in the industry or the privacy space for probably the last three years. Haven’t had any clients start talking about it and mostly that’s because the businesses that are going to consider this are going to be businesses that are not necessarily retail but are more in the freemium or the big data space like your Facebooks and your Googles and your Apples. Sylvain Perrier: Right, Now, Ted, refresh my memory. What are the consumers’ privacy rights in the context of this? Edward Murphree: There’s actually five. The right of Californians to know what personal information is being collected about them. The right of Californians to know whether their personal information is sold or disclosed and to whom. The right to say no to the sale of personal information. The right to access and the right to equal service and price, even if exercising the rights. Now this last one is mentioned as a right but under the law, it’s listed as a duty on the part of the organization not to discriminate. Sylvain Perrier: I’m assuming there’s certain threshold of what type of business needs to worry about CCPA and Ted, is it the mom-and-pop shop that does $1 million has to worry about CCPA or is it larger corporations? Edward Murphree: I think that the drafters were going more after the big boys, so to speak. I think any organization that is concerned about the law really needs to ask themselves several questions. First question is, are they, obviously, are they a business, but are they a business that actually is for profit? Are they in the space of what I’ll refer to as a controller? Are they concerned with how the information is being controlled, whether they are doing business in California and whether or not they meet certain thresholds. For example, if they are doing $25 million in business and/or are they doing 50,000 records or they derive 50% or more of its annual revenues from selling consumers’ personal information. First thing they need to do, first and foremost, is to decide whether or not they come under that definition. The second thing is they need to decide whether or not they’re processing a consumer’s personal information. Sylvain Perrier: A large retailer domiciled in California that may have a loyalty program with over 2 million subscribers to it that they may be emailing on a weekly basis definitely fits into that environment. Edward Murphree: Could very well, yes. Sylvain Perrier: Now, is there a limit to what’s considered personal information? Is there a definition that really sets boundaries for that? Edward Murphree: There is and the easiest way I can describe it is as they’ve done under the law is to say it’s in everything and anything under the sun. What they’ve done is they’ve expanded personal information beyond what we’ve seen in other laws. What they’ve done is they’ve said personal information means information that identifies, relates to, describes, is capable of being associated with or can reasonably be linked directly or indirectly with a particular consumer or household. Then it provides a laundry list of what those things are and this is quite expansive. Sylvain Perrier: In case of a grocery retailer or any retailer, quite frankly in the state of California, this not only affects them online if you’re signing up for a loyalty program. It equally affects if they go in store to do the exact same thing. Ted, is that a safe assumption? Edward Murphree: I think that’s a safe assumption. Would you agree, John? John Tomaszewski: That absolutely is correct. The idea that this only applies to an online or email campaign is a risky proposition at best. Now we have to remember that the regulations that are going to be used to enforce this law are still in the midst of being drafted by the attorney general. There may be some change there. We also have to remember that at present there are nine bills currently attempting to modify the CCPA. It’s still a little bit of a moving target, but the fact that this is going to apply to offline data as well as online data, that’s probably not going to go away. Sylvain Perrier: Okay. What about if a company like, I will use Amazon as an example or any company that’s domiciled outside of California, but doing business online and doing transactions online with California residents? Are they subjected to CCPA? John Tomaszewski: Absolutely, absolutely. The trigger for the business is, are you collecting information about a California resident? The interesting thing about that, and this goes back to the offline versus online conversation, is depending on what you’re doing with an individual, that individual may be a California resident but it’s physically in your retail establishment. For example, a Kroger or a Safeway, one of these national chains, in another state. If I, for example, am visiting, I’m a California resident, visiting my in-laws or my friends in another state go into a retail establishment, join up for a loyalty program in the retail establishment, go back to California. All of that’s covered under the California law as well even though my joining the loyalty program happened in North Dakota or Utah or Nevada. It’s a lot broader than people think it is because of the fact that it is triggered off of a California resident. The way California resident is defined is basically if you pay taxes in California. The way it’s defined is under a reference to the revenue code. Sylvain Perrier: Now, the question I get a lot, John, is and you can imagine this is coming in on the heels of GDPR and there’s a lot of information that’s out there on GDPR and the cause and effect that it had on some of the technology providers in this space. I think the information that’s available on CCPA isn’t so well defined yet in terms of what’s online. We’re getting questions as well, isn’t CCPA like GDPR? What are the big difference from a high level perspective? John Tomaszewski: Part of the reason why there’s not a lot of literature online around CCPA is we don’t know what the CCPA is going to end up looking like. But there are some significant differences as well as some significant similarities. When you look at the differences, there are more ways to get out from underneath having to provide an individual access to their rights under the CCPA than under the GDPR. GDPR has a number of exceptions under which you can say to an individual, I’m not going to give you a right of access, for example, or the one that everybody ends up talking about a lot is I’m not going to give you the rights to request deletion. There are more exceptions under the CCPA than there are under the GDPR to deny a deletion request, number one. Number two, the GDPR starts off with this concept of you have to have a legal basis for processing in an articulate six specific legal bases for processing. You can’t fit within one of those legal bases for processing. You can’t process the data at all under the GDPR. That’s not true in the CCPA. The CCPA, basically any reasonable commercial purpose is up for grabs. You can actually process data for that particular purpose. That’s a pretty big distinction in that the CCPA is still fairly permissive in terms of the basis for processing and the GDPR is not. You have fit within one of those specifically enumerated legal bases for processing. Now, there’s some question as to whether or not that’s a material difference or not because one of the bases under GDPR is legitimate interest but realistically, it’s just easier to figure out that it’s okay to process data. In a weird way, not in a weird way, in a more practical way, GDPR is an opt-in whereas CCPA is an opt-out kind of framework. The other thing that’s important to recognize is under GDPR there’s a private right of action for pretty much everything. Under the CCPA, the attorney general is going to be doing the enforcement work for almost all of the rights enumerated under the statute. The only private cause of action right now, the only personal right of action right now is for a security breach, which realistically had already existed in California law anyway. This is the other significant difference is California doesn’t have the same enforcement mechanisms that the GDPR does and the GDPR’s enforcement mechanisms are broader. It can be either the individual or regulator or somebody in civil society, some think tank that says, “Hey, I want to do this on behalf of all these injured individuals.” The risk profile under GDPR is a little bit larger, both from a finance perspective as well as from the number of different people who have standing to sue you under it. Sylvain Perrier: Here’s, John, a very hypothetical question that I want to share with you. In context of Mercatus’ platform, we have over 58 plus integration partners and some of those integration partners could be POS, it can be couponing systems, it can be ESP systems. In any case, when we act on behalf of the retailer, we allow a shopper to create an account online. We create that account, that information’s encrypted, stored in our database, transmitted over to the retailer, stored in their loyalty system and encrypted. We then in turn enable consumers to be able to clip coupons. There’s a certain amount of information that is sent over to the coupon processor. You can imagine then that generates some sort of transactional data for financial reconciliation and so on. Let’s say a consumer sends us or sends the retailer a notice, I want to delete my account. How far down do we really need to go to satisfy the law? That may not be defined but I’m just curious how far down do we need to go. John Tomaszewski: Interesting question. The first response is the entity that is having the data requested obviously needs to delete the data out of their database in the event that the deletion request is permissive. What I mean by that is there are a whole host of reasons why you can deny a deletion request, not the least of which is it’s necessary to protect a business from, for example, a contract claim. If there’s a contract in place, that transactional data is related to that contract. For example, your subprocessor, you have a contract with your subprocessor and you have to maintain that transactional data to demonstrate that that subprocessor is fulfilling their contract, whether it’s service level agreements or quality levels or just simply the fact that they actually provided service. Just because somebody requests deletion of data doesn’t mean you have to delete it in that instance because you have to retain that data to demonstrate either compliance with or generate a legal claim that somebody has not complied with the contract. The statute of limitations on that’s anywhere from 4 to 10 years depending on what state you’re in. There, as I was saying earlier, there are a number of exceptions to the deletion requirement, but let’s say the deletion requirement is permitted. You’ve got an email address that’s only used for marketing and it’s in the marketing database and that people’s request for deletion is associated with that. You need to have the service providers that you are giving these and they come to Mercatus or they come to the retailer. They come to a Piggly Wiggly or a Safeway and say, “I want you to delete my data.” The retailer’s going to have to go to their service provider and say, we need you to delete the data. Realistically, the service provider is going to need to go to their subprocessor and say, we need you to delete the data as well. In general, you’re not going to have every service provider touch every piece of data. This is where life gets complicated and this is the reason why even though CCPA doesn’t require a data processing registry or inventory like the GDPR does, it’s a really good idea to do it because this way when you get a deletion request, you know which of your 50 or 60 or 100 service providers will have touched that data for that particular purpose. Because the other thing we have to remember is there are databases that contain the same data that may have a deletion request put against them that’s permissive, that’s permitted and there may be databases which have exactly the same data that you have to retain for legal purposes, for records retention purposes, or for whatever rationale that’s permitted under the CCPA. The purpose for holding onto that data is what’s going to give you the capacity to say, “Yes, I can delete it” or, “No, I can’t.” That’s really where you’re going to end up figuring out whether or not you need to push this down to subprocessors and sub subprocessors. Practically speaking, you’re only going to be able to do one level of attenuation away because that’s where your contractual privity stops. If Safeway comes to you, you go to your provider and then you’re done. Because if anything else, your provider then has to go to their provider, which they may or may not have contextual language that allows them to do that but realistically, that’s where you’re going to go. That was a long-winded way of saying if it’s required for you to do a deletion, you’re going to do one level down. Sylvain Perrier: Yeah and I think one of the first recommendations that we’ve been putting out to some of our clients on the West Coast that had been asking about this is at the very least you need to start immediately understanding your data maps and your data flows and what is exactly stored where and by whom and is it even possible today? Because there’s still some systems that are out there today that affecting a true delete, a true purge at the record level is impossible. I think that’s where some of the retailers are scratching their heads, should they be doing this on their own? Should they be going out to market to look at third party solutions that do this? I think, Mark, we’ve seen a couple of these systems. Mark Fairhurst: The compliance solutions. Sylvain Perrier: The compliance solutions, but those are very difficult to put in and take it all your third party systems and your processors integrated into that thing is quite challenging. John, is there a chance that Jan. 1’s going to be pushed out? John Tomaszewski: Well, Jan. 1’s already pushed out. Sylvain Perrier: Perfect. John Tomaszewski: The enforcement of the CCPA for everything except for the private right of action for a security breach is subject to AG regulation and the AG cannot under the statute start enforcing until July at the earliest. What happens- Edward Murphree: July 1st, right, John? John Tomaszewski: July 1st. What happens is you’ve got the AG writing regulations and the regulations will be enforceable within six months of the regulations being finalized. The earliest point in time that the regulations can be finalized are January 1 because that’s the effective date of the statute. As a consequence, if that’s the effective date of the statute, if you write regulations before the effective date of the statute, the regulations have no basis in law so they’re not applicable. I doubt seriously the AG is going to get their regs in place by January 1 and the reason for that is not only do they not necessarily have the resources to do it, but the law keeps changing and it’s really hard to write regulations when the law changes. There are some pretty material changes to the law being contemplated in the various bills that are in the assembly right now. Are we going to necessarily have to comply directly on Jan. 1? You are but you’re not exactly going to know what you’re going to be complying with, number one, because the regs won’t be in place. Number two, the regs aren’t going to be enforced until the earliest of July, probably thereafter. Number three, even if you’re not compliant, one of the things that you have to remember is in order for the AG to do anything to you, they have to give you a notice of noncompliance and then you have 30 days to cure. If you don’t have a notice, you’re not going to be enforced against. The enforcement mechanism is a little bit challenging. It’s not as risky as saying, oh, they’re just going to be a private right of action for everything, which is what one of the bill’s actually says. One of the bills modifying the CCPA actually gives the private right of action back to the individual. Not really a good idea, but that’s not the state of the law right now. Jan. 1 is going to be more around the idea of the lookback provision. For example, if I have an access request or if I have a deletion request, you don’t delete everything or access everything. You only delete or access back to the last 12 months. That’s when the January 1 timeframe is really going to be relevant. It’s what you look back to as opposed to are you going to be enforced against. Sylvain Perrier: In the case where a retailer, if we were to think a Safeway out of Pleasanton who likely has a north of 5 to 10 million members strong loyalty program, they don’t have to retroactively go back to those 10 million individuals to let them know about the new rules. They just have to worry about the data they collected for the last 12 months. John Tomaszewski: Yes and no. The question is going to be whether or not the notice provisions in the CCPA are going to be triggered for the data you already have. We don’t know that yet. What we do know is until you have an affirmative obligation to give somebody access and correction deletion rights, which is Jan. 1, you’re not going to be able to look backward. Starting Jan. 1 if somebody comes into the Safeway and says, I want to have access to all of my data that you have on me, Safeway can say, “Look, I’m giving you all the access to the stuff that you have a right to which is from Jan. 1 2020. It’s basically going to be a rolling back to January 1 and then 12 months backwards except your cut-off point is at January 1. Sylvain Perrier: Okay. What happens to retailers and then we know this in the industry today, there are a lot of retailers that actually sell their transactional data and the transactional data is anonymized to a certain extent, I think. I’m not privy to it, but if they sell it to a third party for the purpose of, I’m not sure, promotional designs or planogram management, are they at risk with CCPA? John Tomaszewski: They are and the reason why they are is because the challenging thing about CCPA is the opt-out right. There’s, I don’t want to say it’s an absolute, but there’s a really close to absolute right to opt out from having your data sold to a third party. The definition of sale is really broad. It basically includes any transfer for consideration and consideration as a legal term is also really broad so it’s basically anything. Now when I say third party, I mean third party, not necessarily a service provider. If they’re transferring data to Mercatus and they’re getting a benefit out of it, which is a benefit would be considered a sale, you’re not a third party, you’re a service provider. It’s because you guys are under contract you can only use a data for purposes pursuant to the contract, you’re not going to be turning around and making money on the data itself. What you’re doing is you’re providing a service and that’s the way you can make money and that’s the benefit that your client gets. But if they’re turning around and selling it to a marketing house and they’re getting money because they have this nice long laundry list of folks that shop in their stores on a regular basis, they have to provide an opt-out. If they don’t provide an opt-out, they run a risk. Sylvain Perrier: My understanding is the state of New York and Pennsylvania is lining up now with their own flavor of CCPA. I mean, are you guys hearing the same thing? Is there a chance that Congress may jump in and this will be an amendment to the US privacy act? Edward Murphree: Yes, we are seeing this, actually. If you don’t mind me interjecting, John. Yes, we are seeing this. It’s not only New York and actually several states that are having some flavor of the CCPA that they’re bringing for. Texas, for example, has two CCPA-like bills in its legislature right now. Are we saying that this will go forward with other states? There’s a distinct possibility. Whether or not it’s going to be reality, we don’t know at this point, but we are seeing action as far as other states are concerned. As far as a federal standard is concerned, yes, you’re correct. There is some consideration on the federal front but again, things are still up in the air on whether or not that will bear fruit. Sylvain Perrier: John, Ted, it’s been a pleasure having you on the show today and you know what, I actually look forward to part 2. This is one of these subjects that’s just so fascinating and just has, Mark, would you say, it’s like the repercussion of this across the industry is widespread. Mark Fairhurst: I agree and I think that the grounding in CCPA that Ted and John provided is going to solicit more questions … Sylvain Perrier: Absolutely. Mark Fairhurst: … after this podcast is broadcast. Sylvain Perrier: Well, Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for listening and don’t forget to download our next episode, which will be part 2 and we’re going to be tackling this continued conversation around CCPA. Mark, I think you have some requests out for our audience. Mark Fairhurst: That’s right. We’re going to do something a little different other than, maybe typically, the conventional ways of reaching us, Mercatus, through our social channels and through our website, www.mercatus.com, there’s also an email address that we’re going to request that audience members send in their questions pertinent to CCPA following listening to this podcast. That email address is [email protected] Sylvain Perrier: How creative of you. Mark Fairhurst: Do you like that? Sylvain Perrier: I love it, thank you. Everyone, thanks for joining us and we’ll talk to you soon. Sylvain Perrier Sylvain is president and CEO of Mercatus Technologies, and the driving force behind the leading digital commerce platform in grocery retail today. As Senior Director of Marketing at Mercatus, Mark is responsible for leading the overall market strategy development, planning and execution to support Mercatus' multi-year revenue growth and customer acquisition and retention objectives. John Tomaszewski John Tomaszewski is a Partner in the International Data Protection Practice Group, and the Co-Leader of the Global Privacy & Security Special Team of Seyfarth Shaw LLP. He has significant experience counselling companies regarding data protection and information security throughout the Americas, Europe and Asia. His clients have included a myriad of technology companies as well as financial services, pharmaceuticals, and e-commerce businesses of all sizes. Ted Murphree Edward “Ted” Murphree is Counsel in the Corporate Department of Seyfarth Shaw LLP’s Houston office. Ted has over 17 years’ experience as a government attorney for the City of San Antonio, with over nine (9) of those years supporting the information technology department in security, privacy, and technology legal matters. Ted’s experience includes advising clients in myriad areas of law impacting government, and in his tenure, he has written laws, policies, and procedures. Speak with the Grocery eCommerce Experts 6000 Fairview Rd., Suite COPYRIGHT © 2018 MERCATUS USA INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ACCESSIBILITY POLICY. PRIVACY POLICY.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1441
__label__cc	0.704854	0.295146	Ajay Goel, Ph.D. Ajay Goel, Ph.D., is a professor and the director of translational genomics and oncology, as well as the director of the Center for Gastrointestinal Research at the Baylor Scott & White Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center in Dallas, Texas. Dr. Goel is one of the top scientists in the world investigating botanical interventions and has dedicated over 20 years to cancer research. Dr. Goel has been the lead author or contributor to over 27 scientific articles published in peer-reviewed international journals, as well as several book chapters. As a research pioneer, Dr. Goel is a member of the American Association for Cancer Research and the American Gastroenterology Association. He is also on the international editorial boards of Gastroenterology, Clinical Cancer Research, Carcinogenesis, PLoS ONE, Digestive Diseases and Sciences, Scientific Reports, Epigenomics, Future Medicine, Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, and World Journal of Gastroenterology. Dr. Goel further serves on various grant funding committees for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and several international organizations. In addition to a thriving career in medicine, Dr. Goel is a big supporter of the movement for more simple, natural foods and improved dietary practices. Dr. Goel also works privately with an organization in India to provide food, shelter, education, and care for orphaned children. See Articles By Ajay Goel, Ph.D.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1444
__label__wiki	0.743458	0.743458	Discovering secrets of the French gothic cathedral April 8, 2015 By Susan Broomhall \| France Gothic cathedrals are beautiful monuments of a past age that litter the landscape of France. An Tampere shared her four most beautiful cathedrals for MyFrenchLife™ and included Paris, Amiens and Chartres among them. But why are they there and how can we read them? Come on a journey that explores how we can appreciate the French gothic cathedral. In this series, we discover how these stunning testaments to faith changed the face of France. Where are the best gothic cathedrals in France? One thing you might notice straight away is that many French gothic cathedrals are in northern France – Sens, Laon, Soissons, Chartres, Amiens, Beauvais, Reims, Saint-Denis and of course, Paris. But why is that? Gothic cathedrals were not the first spiritual buildings to rise in medieval France – magnificent Romanesque cathedrals preceded them – but something special was going on in France at these particular sites. They arose as a response to two movements: one being an increase in urbanisation and the other a change in spiritual practices. Spiritual fervour in medieval French towns For a long time, those who wanted to live a spiritual life had been encouraged to join a monastery. This led to a series of remarkable monastic sites, such as Abbaye de Fontevraud, where it was women who were in charge of both monks and nuns. As was the case at Fontevraud, these institutions grew and grew, outliving their avowed attempt to isolate people from their worldly surrounds – too much of the world had entered the cloister! Although monastic life remained popular, by the 12th century, people sought out new ways to express their faith. The north of France became distinctly urbanised as people flocked from the countryside to the towns where they could work in organised guilds and trade their goods in regulated ways. Although these people didn’t want to join a monastery, they still wanted to show themselves to be good Christians. As a result, they began to use church buildings as a place to display their fervour. This happened in a number of ways. Some individuals, especially kings and queens, paid for entire building projects. In other cases, often a town community or guild could afford to pay for the construction of a tower or one stained glass window. Notre-Dame d’Amiens, for example, was built from the profits of the cultivation of woad, a plant from which a blue dye could be made. Such art projects served as a visible expression of their strong religious feelings. Practically speaking, cathedrals took a long time to build, often more than the lifetime of a single individual. Their progress needed a level of organisation and focus that was easier to sustain within an urban community. French gothic cathedrals as glorified reliquaries Soon, these urban building projects became quite competitive. Civic pride made townspeople keen to make sure that their cathedral had the tallest towers, the large nave or the most startling relics. Relics were artefacts that were believed to be part of the body, or a possession of a saint. They were seen to hold extraordinary powers and provided a palpable link to the spirit world and intercession of the saints. These objects were housed in precious reliquaries within the great churches. Many of the gothic cathedrals of France were essentially glorified reliquaries for the community’s most prized possessions and were worth far less in spiritual terms than the objects they housed. For example, Amiens cathedral was famed for holding the supposed head of John the Baptist, brought back from the Crusades in 1206. You can see a replica of this now lost artefact in the north aisle. At Notre-Dame in Chartres, it was the silk tunic of Mary, mother of Jesus. This precious cloth (pictured above below), given to the cathedral by Charles the Bald in 876, somehow survived major fires that burned down earlier constructions on the site – only increasing the miraculous powers that were attributed to it. Louis IX – later to be canonised as Saint Louis – ordered the construction of Sainte-Chapelle on the Île de la Cité in Paris, built between 1239 and 1248, to house fragments of the True Cross, one of the nails, the Holy Lance and the sponge, as well as Christ’s Crown of Thorns, among other relics. He had purchased many of these from the Emperor of Constantinople for a price that was more than four times the cost of the entire construction of the chapel. When the treasured objects arrived in Paris in 1239, he walked barefoot, as a sign of his humility, through the streets of the city to greet them. French gothic cathedrals as waypoints for pilgrims Gothic cathedrals also often marked gathering or waypoints along known pilgrimage routes. The route became extremely popular when in 1140, a French monk named Aymeric Picaud composed an account about travelling to the shrine of Saint James at Santiago de Compostela in north-western Spain. There were a number of known pathways across France and several official starting points, including Paris, Vézelay and Le Puy. Cathedrals offered spiritual visiting points and sold souvenirs of their famed relics to pilgrims who often collected mementos of their journey. People still walk these pathways today, taking a meandering, reflective pace through the French countryside. In the next article of the series, we’ll start to read the stories told by cathedrals through their art and architecture. Which are your favourite gothic cathedrals in France? Let us know by leaving a comment in the box below! Read more on gothic cathedrals… Part two: secrets set in stone 1. Cathédrale Saint-Étienne de Bourges, by Renaud Mavré, via Wikipedia. 2. Cathédrale de Chartres, by Ireneed, via Wikipedia. 3. The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens, by Jean-Pol Grandmont, via Wikipedia. 4. Châsse Saint Taurin, by Theoliane, via Wikipedia. 5. Sainte Chapelle – Upper Chapel, by Didier B, via Wikipedia. 6. The Veil of the Virgin in its Reliquary, via Textile Relics. 7. Camino de Santiago, by Daniel Hieber, via Wikipedia. Abbaye de Fontevraud, Amiens, Aymeric Picaud, cathedral, cathedrals, Chartres, Fontevraud, French cathedral, French countryside, French gothic cathedral, french language, gothic cathedral, gothic cathedral in France, Gothic cathedrals, ile de la cite, learning, medieval France, Notre Dame, Notre-Dame d’Amiens, Notre-Dame in Chartres, Saint James at Santiago de Compostela, Sainte-Chapelle, Things-to-do Susan Broomhall I am a historian of France, researching life in France from the middle ages to the Belle Epoque. You can find out more about my academic work here or read my blog about the lives of women in the past, Herstory/Histoires plurielles. How to read French gothic cathedrals: secrets set in stone Stories set in stone: how to read a French gothic cathedral - Part 3 Looking through the windows: how to read a French gothic cathedral - Part 4 The tale of a true French icon MyFrenchLife has a creative digital agency? Helping French businesses create and differentiate their brand online: Strategy & Implementation - content marketing, social media, brand positioning & differentiation Are you struggling to find time or lacking know-how to do this? info@MyFrenchLife.org "Qui n'a plus d'espoir n'aura plus de regrets.Those who have no more hope will not have more regrets." William Shakespeare. Translation Mais je parle, je parle... But enough about me...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1447
__label__wiki	0.519386	0.519386	Youtube Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Back to MyScienceWork Women and science Laurence Bianchini Metadata in Scientific Publication 22K 1 0 0 Print Just as a dictionary defines words, metadata is data that describes digital or physical objects. To understand its utility, compare metadata with the labels used in Ancient Greece to describe the content of papyruses, the latter being piled onto shelves in large numbers. The label attached to each papyrus provided a quick overview of its content without having to take them out of the pile or unroll them. Such a system was efficient in Ancient Greece, but today, due to the large amount of digital data available, it is essential to improve the efficiency of classification systems. This article is a translation of “Les métadonnées de la publication scientifique” available at: http://blog.mysciencework.com/2012/11/21/les-metadonnees-de-la-publication-scientifique.html It was translated from French into English by Mayte Perea López. Most of the digital metadata used today took their inspiration from the referencing methods that existed long before the digital era. Using metadata for better identification and classification We have already discussed the case of metadata for the music industry in a series of articles available here. On this blog, the subject we are particularly interested in is scientific publication. As a central tool for the dissemination of the knowledge produced by research, the scientific article is also at the heart of an important trade issue associated with its diffusion and archiving. Scientific articles are the main tool for scientific communication. Their primary purpose is to be exchanged and shared, and to achieve this they need to be indexed and placed in archives and various computer systems. In order to foster sharing and facilitate the interoperability between different systems, bibliographical standards had to be developed. Most of the digital metadata used today took their inspiration from the referencing methods and cataloguing standards that existed long before the digital era. Each document available in a library had to be described on a bibliographical card including fields like title, author, number of pages, discipline, etc., to be easily identified and located. To meet these needs, a large number of cataloguing standards were created (for instance the Dewey Decimal System, MARC-21, Unimarc, etc.) but they remain, in part, mutually incompatible. Defining independent generic bibliographical standards for scientific disciplines makes it possible to offer standards for the metadata associated with scientific publications and to broaden the possibilities for sharing them. In 1995, an international workgroup called the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (DCMI), made up of professionals specialized in disciplines such as library and information science, computer science, and tagging, the museological community, and others, established a number of generic metadata to describe digital resources (videos, images, books, websites, etc.). The Dublin Core describes each resource thanks to the following 15 optional fields: Title, Creator/Author, Subject, Description, Publisher, Contributor, Date, Type, Format, Identifier, Source, Language, Relation, Coverage, Rights. There are other, much more complex standards, for example MarcXML or the JATS, which is used by PubMed and implemented by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. However, the standards defined by the Dublin Core are by far the most commonly used. Content producers are encouraged to use these standards to describe their products. Metadata is not intended for direct use by the human being; it is not visible to the user, but it helps to develop services related to the processing of scientific documents, for example specialized search engines. The semantic web represents all the practices and standards whose purpose is to enrich the initial data with semantic metadata to produce files that are more suitable for new uses (see Leading the Web to its Full Potential with the Semantic Web). Metadata for Open Access Scientific Publishing The standards introduced by the Dublin Core represent an important step forward in the unification of descriptive data sharing formats for digital resources. If every new format defined is intended to meet some specific needs, the question that naturally arises is the following: in the field of scientific publishing, what are these specific needs? Scientists and other people using their publications need, among other things, to find quickly the articles dealing with a subject of study and the corresponding authors. The authors’ institution or research laboratory, as well as the related rights and the release date, are also potentially useful information. If the majority of publishers have already adopted the Dublin Core format, the way fields are filled in can still vary depending on the different sources. For example, an author’s family name and given name can be written using several different formats (“Family Name, G.N.” or “Given Name FAMILY NAME”, for example.). Bibliographical management software is one of the most meaningful applications in terms of centralized use of scientific articles coming from various publishers. But to obtain a consistent metadata base, it is sometimes necessary to correct the errors manually. Today, due to the large amount of digital data available, it is essential to improve the efficiency of classification systems. Publishing scientific articles in Open Access allows for greater visibility as dissemination is free and can be achieved via a simple Internet connection. The Open Archive Initiative (OAI), whose aim is to promote Open Access through the development of interoperability standards, implemented the OAI-PMH protocol (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting) that facilitates the exchange of information between repositories (archives of scientific publications) and service providers. Service providers are all the institutions that make it possible to use the collected metadata, for example search engines like GoogleScholar or websites such as the social network MyScienceWork. The OAI-PMH protocol, which is invoked over HTTP, searches in article repositories to collect the metadata of scientific documents and possibly to download the text files. Therefore, it is possible for anyone to “harvest” – that is to say, collect – the metadata of the contents of Open Access repositories like PubMed, ArXiv or HAL. Several directories (DOAJ, ROAR) list thousands of Open Access repositories. This system makes it possible to access to significant databases in rather short amounts of time. In most cases, the metadata provided through the OAI-PMH is defined according to the Dublin Core. It is worth noting that Wikipedia is one of the repositories that offer access in OAI-PMH to its data. Using metadata for scientific data sharing? The Dublin Core standards are quite simple. They can describe scientific publications regardless of the discipline concerned. As for data sharing, also known as Open Data, additional difficulties related to the diversity of formats make the definition of universal standards much more complex. Open Data is a concept that is gaining momentum within our institutions and governments. Open Data in science could dramatically change the current functioning of research. In fact, if all the raw data used by scientists were freely accessible, all the actors of society, provided that they have the necessary capacity and knowledge, could potentially conduct research on the same data. The scientific community, in general, would benefit from this sharing. It would simplify the implementation of collaborative work to solve complex problems (see the example of the collaborative mathematics project Polymath). It would open the access to scientific data to a group of people who are today excluded from this system (see the example of the Eurogenes project). Finally, it would strongly favor transparency in the scientific research process. Naturally, it is important to take into account the fact that competition between teams and laboratories limits data opening practices. Scientific data is obviously very heterogeneous depending on the discipline and the subject being studied.Today, there are no universal standards to represent scientific data and such standards will be very difficult to implement. The mere definition of scientific data has not even been clearly established yet. Standardizing the formats used, first within one discipline, and then in multidisciplinary fields, would enable progress to be made towards that end. The future may well hold new scientific practices, thanks to the progressive release of metadata and scientific data. Many thanks to Iana Atanassova for reviewing this article. Scientific data must be managed publicly (in French): http://owni.fr/2010/09/01/il-faut-gerer-publiquement-les-donnees-scientifiques/ Open data in Science: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1526/version/1 Michael Nielsen: Open science now! http://www.ted.com/talks/michael_nielsen_open_science_now.html Open Access Science 2.0 Metadata Dublin Core	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1448
__label__wiki	0.750124	0.750124	Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies (2012) Chapter: 4 A Geophysical Perspective and Inventory of Habitable Environments on Icy Bodies PDF FREE Download Paperback $43.00 Add to Cart Ebook $34.99 Add to Cart « Previous: 3 Hierarchical Decisions for Planetary Protection Suggested Citation:"4 A Geophysical Perspective and Inventory of Habitable Environments on Icy Bodies." National Research Council. 2012. Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13401. A Geophysical Perspective and Inventory of Habitable Environments on Icy Bodies The geophysical context of solar system objects constrains the potential propagation of terrestrial organisms with known minimal nutritional requirements and environmental tolerances as outlined in Chapter 3. The outer solar system contains a broad diversity of icy bodies, ranging from co-accreted satellites bound to their gas giant parent planets to small icy leftovers of planet-like comets, Centaurs (whose orbits cross the giant planets), and the Kuiper belt objects (KBOs). Icy bodies can be divided into categories by size: large icy bodies (radius > 1,000 km, like Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, Titan, Triton, and large KBOs like Pluto and Eris), mid-size icy bodies (200- to 1000-km-radius objects like Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus, Miranda, Ariel, Titania, Umbriel, Oberon, Charon, most known KBOs, and the asteroid Ceres), and small icy bodies that are small enough to avoid becoming spherical (<200 km, like Phoebe, Hyperion, Nereid, comets, Centaurs, and ring moons). GEOPHYSICAL BOTTLENECKS The cold and inhospitable surfaces of icy bodies in the outer solar system serve as a natural barrier to the forward contamination of their warmer and more hospitable interiors. Here, the committee describes the geophysical “bottlenecks” that separate terrestrial organisms hitchhiking on a spacecraft from entering potentially habitable environments existing within icy bodies. This chapter first outlines the properties and locations of potentially habitable environments, discussing Decision Points 1 through 4 from Chapter 2. The bulk of the chapter concerns Decision Point 5, discussing transport processes that might operate between the uninhabitable surface and potentially habitable subsurface environments. The chapter concludes with a survey of icy bodies to delineate areas of concern for planetary protection. The reconnaissance of icy bodies in the outer solar system is incomplete, and in many places basic surface and interior properties remain unknown. Scientists have data from only half of the surfaces of the objects in the Uranus and Neptune systems, and they lack close spacecraft observations for all objects beyond the orbit of Neptune. Interior structures of the satellites of Jupiter and Saturn are constrained by the moment of inertia, which has been measured during close flybys. However, the interpretation of the moment of inertia value in terms of an interior density profile produces results that are not unique.1 As a result, the reported depths and densities of interior layers are inferences based on assumed common materials that could make up the interior of the body. For other bodies that lack flyby data, interior states represent well-informed guesses. The chemical composition of most bodies is constrained by infrared spectroscopy, which senses only the top few microns of the surface. The only bodies for which deeper knowledge is available are Saturn’s moons Enceladus (where active plumes spew water and other materials from its interior;2 and Titan (where the Huygens probe obtained in situ data about the composition of volatiles in the atmosphere and the upper centimeters of the surface).3 POTENTIALLY HABITABLE ENVIRONMENTS Decision Point 1—Liquid Water Terrestrial life has a requirement for liquid water. Because water ice serves as the “bedrock” on an icy body, the existence and the location of liquid water within the body are key to gauging its habitability. Recent exploration in the outer solar system has revealed that many icy moons have liquid water oceans buried beneath several kilometers or tens of kilometers of ice. Magnetometer data provides compelling evidence of liquid water for Jupiter’s moons Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.4 Oceans are suspected to be present within Saturn’s moons Titan and Enceladus.5,6 Radiogenic heating from the rocky interiors of large and mid-size icy bodies is theoretically sufficient to melt ice at depths greater than 100 km.7 Once melted, internal oceans may also dissipate enough heat to prevent them from freezing.8 These subsurface oceans are gravitationally and thermodynamically stable over time because liquid water is denser than water ice, the low-density phase present on the surface. Mechanisms for generating liquid water on an icy body include contact with rocky material warmed by tidal heating, shock heating in a hypervelocity impact, tidal heating within the ice, contact of pure water ice near its melting temperature with contaminated ice mixtures that melt at lower temperatures,9 and warming of ice by a perennial heat source (e.g., a radioisotope power system) delivered to the target by the spacecraft. Liquid water may exist in intimate association with the ice; for example, terrestrial organisms in sea ice can survive below-freezing conditions within microscopic brine pockets at ice grain boundaries.10 Except for Titan, icy bodies lack a significant atmosphere. On these airless bodies, direct warming of surface ice will lead to sublimation instead of melting, and liquid water that becomes exposed at the surface will not just pool sedately and freeze, but rather will undergo rapid freeze-boiling. Localized melting of ice by a radioisotope power system (RPS) is not likely to present a serious concern for future missions to the outer solar system. Studies were conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the late 1990s and early 2000s in support of efforts to design an RPS-powered, ice-penetrating probe for application on a future mission to Mars and Europa.11 In addition to the need to seal the heat source within Europa’s ice so as to raise the vapor pressure to a sufficiently high value to initiate melting, the study revealed the critical power needed if any melting were to take place at all. The study team reported the following: “0.6 kW thermal input did not provide enough energy to raise the ice temperature (−170°C) sufficiently to initiate melt. The Europa ice is so cold it acts as an infinite heat sink and the heat is transmitted into the heat sink so quickly that localized phase change at the vehicle shell is impossible. Melt was initiated at 0.8 kW, but with no margin for error on the actual ice temperature. At 1 kW, phase change at the vehicle shell interface was sustainable with the creation of about 1-mm melt-water jacket around the vehicle.”12 A more recent study produced similar conclusions.13 Current outer solar system missions, such as the New Horizons mission to Pluto and the Cassini Saturn orbiter, are equipped with the so-called General Purpose Heat Source–Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (GPHS-RTG), each of which has a thermal output of 4.5 kW (at the beginning of the mission). It is thus conceivable that a single GPHS-RTG could initiate local melting if its plutonium-238 heat sources remained sufficiently intact following impact with an icy body. However, future plans for missions (see Appendix B) to objects of concern for planetary protection (e.g., Europa and Enceladus) envisage the use of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). Each ASRG has a thermal output of only 0.5 kW (at the beginning of the mission), and so ASRGs are unlikely to initiate local melting, except in the unlikely case that multiple ASRGs survived impact while maintaining intimate contact with each other. In contrast to large or mid-size icy bodies that might contain liquid water in their interior, the nonspherical geometry of small icy bodies indicates that the vast majority of their interiors have remained cold, stiff, and completely solid. Such objects are small enough that they do not contain enough energy (e.g., from radiogenic heating) to generate interior melt during their long-term thermal evolution. Thus small satellites, ring particles, comets, and Centaurs can be eliminated from being bodies of concern for planetary protection. Decision Point 2—Key Elements In addition to abundant oxygen and hydrogen on icy surfaces, the key biological elements carbon, surlfur, and nitrogen might also occur in some icy surfaces in the form of ice, clathrates, or simple organics. The elements potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, and phosphorus can dissolve in liquid water that has been in contact with rocky materials. However, in extraterrestrial environments, the bioavailability of compounds containing these elements may limit their use by terrestrial microorganisms. For example, chemical modeling by Pasek and colleagues predicted that phosphine instead of phosphate will account for available phosphorus on Titan.14 Researchers cannot yet constrain the cycling and bioavailability of different chemical forms of individual elements important to life or their occurrence on icy bodies in our solar system. Knowledge of chemical composition for satellites other than Enceladus and Titan comes mostly from spectroscopy, which senses only the outer few microns of the surface. Volatile frost deposits on the surfaces of icy bodies may not represent their interior chemical composition, making it difficult to assess the abundance of dissolved elements within icy bodies. Therefore, this decision point currently contributes to intellectual completeness rather than serving as a key hinge point for planetary protection decisions. However, someday this decision point may play a more important role in planetary protection policy in response to new information about the chemistry of icy bodies and about minimal requirements for elements for the propagation of microorganisms. Decision Point 3—Physical Conditions The range of possible temperatures of liquid water environments within icy bodies is more tightly constrained than the chemical composition. Reservoirs of liquid water within icy bodies always remain in contact with ice, and thus the temperatures within these liquids hover near the freezing point of pure water (which at a minimum is −20°C at a depth of ~100 km in a large icy body) or that of mixed ice plus salts or ice plus ammonia (plausibly as low as −97°C). A source of energy within an ice shell will generally melt the surrounding ice while maintaining the liquid body at the freezing point. In a subsurface ocean overlain by a floating ice shell, the tendency of warm liquid to rise and cool liquid to sink will pin the entire ocean temperature near the freezing point. Heating within such an ocean will cause melting in the overlying ice but will not change the temperature of the water. Under special circumstances, such as in a freshwater ocean15 or if warm saline fluids were injected into the bottom of the ocean,16 a subsurface ocean might become stratified so that the lower layers of the ocean could warm to above freezing but not above 4°C (or 6°C if adiabatic compression at the bottom of a large icy satellite ocean is taken into account). The only place where the water temperature might rise above this upper limit lies beneath the base of a subsurface ocean in contact with rocky materials. Cracks within a rocky ocean floor would permit infiltration of water, and contact with warmer rocks at depth can lead to porous convection. Such convection is typified by broad downwellings into the porous rocks balanced by focused upwellings of warm water at hydrothermal vents. The spacing and power output of these hydrothermal systems depend on multiple uncertain assumptions about the nature of the seafloor and the energy source driving the activity.17,18 Compared to Earth, the mass flux of fluid transport for a given change in fluid temperature is lower on icy bodies because lower gravity leads to slower convective velocities. Once emitted from the ocean floor, hydrothermal fluids mix rapidly with the surrounding ocean, such that the water temperatures are within a degree of the temperature of the surrounding ocean within tens of meters from the vent. Decision Point 4—Chemical Energy Current knowledge of available redox couples that can provide chemical energy for terrestrial organisms suffers from greater uncertainty than does knowledge of available chemical elements. For icy bodies with liquid water in contact with a rocky interior, water-rock chemical reactions can provide the energy for life. On the largest icy bodies (Ganymede, Callisto, and Titan), ocean water lying between low-pressure ice-I shell above and denser high- pressure ice phases below would not react with the bulk of the rocky interior.19 Radioactive decay could hydrolyze water on a small scale and provide small amounts of chemical energy.20 Material transport from the surface of a body to an interior ocean could maintain a chemical energy gradient, for example due to oxidants produced by irradiation of Europa’s surface.21 If appropriate energy sources occur on an icy body, terrestrial biology would persist only if active geochemical cycles occurred between the liquid and the surface or the liquid and the deep interior. As described under Decision Point 2, planetary protection considerations for future missions will have the advantage of research initiatives that provide new information, including data on the availability of biologically relevant sources of energy on icy bodies. In the absence of such information about energy sources and the bioavailability of minimal element requirements, it is assumed that any liquid water within poorly characterized icy bodies might have the proper chemistry for supporting terrestrial life. Decision Point 5—Contacting Habitable Environmemnts Floating outer ice-I shells may be a frustrating impediment to life-detection experiments, and they serve as a protective barrier from the viewpoint of planetary protection. Therefore, setting planetary protection guidelines requires an understanding of the physical processes that allow vertical transport of material between the subsurface and surface of an icy body and the timescales on which transport occurs. Some of these vertical transport processes operate from the top down, whereas others operate from the bottom up (Figure 4.1). There are usually limits to the vertical range over which the processes operate; for example, impact gardening and radiation transport material vertically over ~1-m scales, comparable to the physical size of a spacecraft. Cracks open beneath the surface and may penetrate to a depth of ~1 km. Lithostatic stress limits the propagation depth of cracks in the top of brittle surface materials. Solid-state convection operates within the solid portion of the ice shell, but on most bodies convection is confined beneath a so-called stagnant lid that is several kilometers thick. The stagnant lid is composed of cold material that is so viscous that it cannot participate in convection.22 If there is no overlap between top-down and bottom-up vertical transport processes, a “no-man’s land” exists in the middle of the ice shell that interrupts exchange of material between the surface and a subsurface ocean. Impact Gardening At the very top surface of an icy body without an atmosphere, where exogenous contaminants are likely to be deposited, impact gardening dominates the mixing of these materials into the subsurface. Gardening refers to the churning of surface regolith driven by the impact of meteoroids and the subsequent burial of neighboring surface materials by impact ejecta. Phillips and Chyba estimated that on Europa’s surface gardening could mix loose surface materials to a depth of ~1 meter over 10 million years,23 although this burial might be episodic rather than continuous, given that about 95 percent of the small craters on Europa may be secondary craters.24 The impact rate on Europa is within a factor of 2 of the highest impact rates of any icy bodies in the outer solar system because of its location deep inside the Jovian gravity well.25 Therefore the other icy bodies, with similar or lower impact rates, will have mixing rates due to gardening that are similar to or lower than those on Europa because of lower impact rate and velocity, both of which are controlled by the size of the parent planet and the planet-satellite distance.26 The effect of impact gardening on the burial of surface materials over short timescales is minimal on the icy bodies of our solar system. Tensile Fractures At the surface of an icy body, cold ice behaves as a brittle material. If the surface is subjected to tensile stress, the brittle material can fail, producing open tensile fractures. The abundance of cracks and faults on the satellites of the outer solar system attests to this process playing an important role in their history.27 In theory, loose surface material could fall into open fractures, producing surface-subsurface material transport. Such a surface regolith drainage mechanism has been hypothesized to explain “pit chains” on Mars and Enceladus.28,29 The depth to which open tensile fractures can propagate from the surface is limited by the normal stress on FIGURE 4.1 Depth of penetration of various vertical transport mechanisms on the surface of a generic icy moon with a ~10- to 100-km-thick ice shell (most applicable to bodies of concern—Europa, Enceladus, Titan, and Triton). the fracture imposed by the weight of the overlying ice. Below some depth the material fails in shear instead of tension, forming a sloping fault surface rather than an open crack. The exact depth of this transition depends on the strength of the brittle material and the surface gravity. The strength of pure, polycrystalline, unfractured laboratory ice falls within the range of 1 to 2 MPa, whereas ice in the natural environment has more mechanical defects and can be one or two orders of magnitude weaker.30,31 The surface gravity of an icy body scales with its radius and its ice/rock ratio. As a consequence of these factors, open fractures can propagate on the order of hundreds of meters into the surface of a large icy body or a few kilometers into a mid-size icy body. Cryovolcanism In cryovolcanic eruptions, watery mixtures move from the interior of an icy body to the surface. Cryovolcanism has no direct terrestrial analog but appears to have occurred on several moons of the outer solar system, including Europa, Ganymede, Enceladus, Titan, Ariel, and Triton. The physical processes that enable the eruption of cryomagma from the interior of icy satellites remain unknown and may vary considerably from one satellite to the next.32 Unlike terrestrial volcanism, in which the magma is usually buoyant relative to the surrounding crust, the greater density of liquid water relative to ice causes the cryolava to sink instead of rising to the surface. Several mechanisms that might overcome this difficulty include33 gas exsolution following depressurization in fluid-filled fractures that propagate upward from the base of the ice shell;34 explosive eruptions of sprays;35 pressurization of liquid chambers in an ice-I shell;36,37 and pressurization of the entire ocean due to thickening of the ice shell.38 Surface temperatures on icy bodies are very low compared to the freezing temperatures of cryolavas. Although cryovolcanism represents interaction between subsurface liquids and the surface environment, material flows primarily toward the surface. From a planetary protection perspective, contact of a spacecraft with a cryovolcanic flow does not necessarily contaminate the source of the cryolava. Drain-back of surface lava that flows down eruptive fissures, possibly into the source chamber, is a rare event in terrestrial volcanism. It occurs in submarine volcanism in the East Pacific Rise39 and on some basaltic eruptions such as those from Kilauea in Hawaii.40,41 In both of these cases, lava lakes were present. Lava lakes are rare on Earth, and outside Earth they have been observed only on Io,42 although past lava lakes may exist on Venus and Mars. In lava lakes, the subsurface melt conduit is hydraulically connected to the surface melt, so that decreases in pressure can result in a reversal of flow from the lake into the subsurface. There is no evidence that lava that has traveled downhill from a source vent could ever drain back to the interior. No features on icy bodies have been interpreted as cryolava lakes. It is possible that cryolava lakes do not form on icy bodies because the negative buoyancy of cryomagmas within icy crusts precludes the establishment of a stable lava lake. Therefore, the committee considers that drain-back events would be rare by comparison with Earth, and only topographic depressions surrounding active cryolava vents are of concern for planetary protection. Near-Surface Melting The negative buoyancy of liquid water within the ice crust suggests that if a mechanism existed to produce melt near the surface of an icy body, it could drain downward and provide an effective conduit for surface-subsurface transport. Concentration of tidal dissipation within the weakest, warmest ice in the cores of convective plumes could cause melting within the ice shell,43,44 but not within the stagnant lid (see the next section, “Convection”). Convective plumes within a relatively pure ice sublayer could induce melting within the overlying stagnant lid if other materials that lower the melting temperature, like salts, contaminate the lid.45,46 Nimmo and Giese modeled this process for Europa and could not produce significant melt within 7 km of the surface using convective plumes.47 However, even the production of a small amount of partial melt could contribute to enhanced tidal heating and plastic yielding near the surface48 or infiltration of preexisting cracks in the near-surface brittle ice as the trapped, pressurized fluid follows hydraulic gradients within the ice shell.49 Another mechanism for near-surface melting is the concentration of heat flow from the interior of the body in sufficient amounts to thin the overlying ice shell. Once the shell has thinned beyond the thickness required for convection, heat conduction through the shell can control the thickness. Sufficiently concentrated heat could melt through the ice, thus exposing liquid at the surface,50 but this outcome requires more than 300 W/m2 of heat flow from the interior.51 Whether such a concentration of heat is even possible on an icy body is debatable;52 for reference, this is a factor of 103 higher than the heat flow in the south polar terrain of Enceladus, the most geologically active known region on an icy body. Like rocks in Earth’s interior, water ice behaves as a fluid over geologic time scales. Radiogenic heating at the bottom or within the ice shells of icy bodies would warm ice at the base and cause it to rise from thermal buoyancy while cold ice sinks. Convection likely occurs in the outer ice shells of the large icy bodies and in smaller, tidally heated satellites.53,54,55 The downward flow of cold ice would provide a pathway for relatively rapid transport to the ocean. Typical flow velocities of centimeters per year would yield a timescale for transport to the base of the ice shell (tens to a hundred kilometers) of ~105 years.56 Because the surfaces of the outer planet satellites have low effective temperatures (~50 K to 130 K) and the viscosity of ice is strongly temperature-dependent, convective plumes are typically confined to a sublayer of the ice shell beneath a “stagnant lid” of cold ice that is too stiff to participate in convection. Heat must be conducted across the stagnant lid. The stagnant lid serves as a barrier to mass transport between the surface of an icy moon and the convective sublayer. However, endogenic resurfacing processes on icy bodies could conceivably breach the stagnant lid, providing a means of communication between the surface, the convective sublayer, and the ocean. The surface morphologies of Europa and Enceladus and observations of the high heat flow on Enceladus imply that convective motions have reached the surfaces of these bodies.57,58 If the near-surface ice has an extremely low yield stress of ~0.01 MPa,59 it can be dragged along by the underlying convective motions. This style of convection, dubbed “sluggish” or “mobile-lid” convection, is associated with a very thin layer of cold ice at the surface, which can locally achieve essentially zero thickness and, in some cases, periodically rip and sink to the base of the ice shell.60 The predicted heat flow and resurfacing rates from sluggish lid convection within the Enceladus south polar terrain match estimated values,61 lending support for the existence of this style of convection on tidally flexed icy moons, but perhaps only for short periods of time. The thickness of the stagnant lid is important for determining the likelihood and timescale of transport across the geophysical “no-man’s land” between the base of the stagnant lid and materials near the surface. A rough estimate of this thickness can be obtained by equating the radiogenic heat flux Fr to the convective heat flux Fconv. For large icy bodies, Fr ~ 5 to 10 mW/m2. Tidal heating on Europa and Enceladus dwarfs radiogenic heating. The surface heat flux from tidal dissipation on Europa is plausibly 10 to 100 mW/m2.62 Estimates of the power output in the south polar terrain of Enceladus from Cassini CIRS data are currently 15.8 ± 3 GW,63 which, spread over the 70,000 km2 area of activity,64 is equivalent to 225 ± 42 mW/m2. The convective heat flux Fconv is related to the physical properties of the ice shell,65,66 and the maximum Fconv will give the minimum thickness of the stagnant lid, δL. The minimum stagnant lid thickness occurs when the ice shell is so strongly heated that the temperature in the convective sublayer is close to the melting point of water ice. This situation likely arises on tidally heated icy satellites where the tidal deformation of the ice shell causes solid friction, which converts to heat in the warm interior of the shell.67 If more heat is pumped into the shell, it will melt. For Europa, the maximum Fconv is 60 mW/m2, within the range of possible tidal heat flows, and δL ~ 6 km. For Enceladus, Fconv = 30 mW/m2, which gives δL ~ 14 km, while for the south polar terrain of Enceladus δL ~ 3 km (assuming Ti = 273 K). These models assume that the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the shell are not significantly modified by non-water ice contaminants. The range of possible contaminants has been insufficiently explored to date and is a topic requiring further research. OBSERVED GEOLOGIC ACTIVITY ON ICY BODIES Icy satellites have experienced global endogenic resurfacing through tectonics, cryovolcanism, or solid-state flow. Large areal coverage of recent (in the past 1,000 years) resurfacing poses the greatest concern for planetary protection. Special attention must be paid to bodies where the zone of near-surface brittle deformation has joined with the underlying convective motion to drive global resurfacing (e.g., Enceladus, Europa, and, possibly, Ganymede). Assuming that the mission does not require the spacecraft to penetrate to habitable environments beneath the ice, planetary protection must consider whether any active geologic processes might have a 10–4 chance of promoting surface-subsurface exchange of material within 103 years of contacting the surface. Crater counting provides the only currently available method to assess the ages of geologic features on the surfaces of icy bodies. This method involves some uncertainties because of uncertainty in the flux of impactors over time in the outer solar system. To be conservative, surface ages from the youngest limit are used, according to the fluxes of Zahnle et al.,68 which will provide an upper limit on the rate of current geologic activity on an icy body. Take, for example, a hypothetical icy body with a crater age of 108 years. A surface with this crater age could be produced by either patchy regional resurfacing that wipes out craters over an average period of 108 years or a global resurfacing event that occurred 108 years ago. Assuming that resurfacing processes on this hypothetical body occur randomly in either space or time, there is a 10–5 chance that they would affect any particular area of the body in a 103-year period. Thus, an icy body with a surface age exceeding 108 years provides sufficient confidence that the geologic timescale for delivery of surface materials into potentially habitable subsurface environments vastly exceeds the timescale of biological exploration. To narrow the field of icy bodies of possible concern, it is assumed that the bodies that have surfaces in which the youngest craters are endogenically resurfaced terrains older than 108 years pose no concerns for planetary protection. Icy bodies that exhibit resurfaced areas younger than 108 years require greater scrutiny. Icy Bodies with Recent Endogenic Activity Using the 108 year (100 million years) geologic activity cutoff, the inventory of large and mid-size icy bodies can be divided into bodies that present no planetary protection concerns, and bodies that require closer examination before answering Decision Point 5. Almost all icy bodies are heavily cratered and easily fall into the “no concern” category. A few bodies lie near the border but are still on the “no concern” side, including the following: • Ganymede, which underwent widespread resurfacing over two thirds of its surface due to tectonism and, possibly, cryovolcanism.69 The youngest limit for the crater age of these resurfaced areas occurred at 1 billion years.70 • Dione, which has areas recently cut by faults but exhibits no evidence of other types of geologic activity. Crater counting on these fractured plains indicates that they could be as young as 260 million years.71 • Miranda, whose coronae appear to have formed primarily by tectonism, although they also exhibit unexplained variations in albedo.72,73 Two of Miranda’s three resurfaced coronae exhibit young crater ages, which could be as young as 100 million years.74 After eliminating the icy bodies with no evidence for resurfacing activity in the past 100 million years, the committee considered only four icy bodies for planetary protection: Europa, Enceladus, Titan, and Triton. The global average surface age of Europa could be as low as 20 million years or as high as 200 million years.75 Crater ages for individual terrain units are difficult to obtain reliably because there are too few large craters for good statistics and the imaging datasets from Galileo and Voyager are insufficient to map the more abundant small craters, except for a few small target areas. One broad comparison of crater differences across classes of terrain types found that chaos terrain areas, which appear to be some of the youngest geologically resurfaced features based on crosscutting relationships,76 have a higher crater density than do the background ridged plains,77 an apparent paradox. In the absence of reliable age information for any subarea of Europa, the age of the entire surface must be considered as a whole. Phillips et al. set an upper limit of 1 km2/year on the current surface modification rate, based on a lack of observable surface changes over 20 years.78 This upper limit rate, which would lead to a lower limit estimate of 30 million years to resurface Europa, is broadly consistent with the lower limit surface age of 20 million years based on crater density. If Europa has a relatively constant rate and style of resurfacing, and if any type of resurfacing would lead to the introduction of surface materials into a subsurface habitable environment, then the likelihood that a particular part of the surface undergoes resurfacing within 103 years is less than 5 × 10–5. A consideration of the variation in resurfacing styles may further lower this likelihood. Two main styles of endogenic modification dominate Europa: resurfacing by the formation of ridges and bands and resurfacing by the formation of chaos terrain. Several proposed models for ridge formation have different implications for near-surface habitability and communication with an underlying ocean.79 At one end of the spectrum, the tidal pumping model posits that water from the ocean constantly travels up and down through cracks as they open and close during the diurnal tidal cycle.80 This model requires a very thin ice shell for sufficient isostatic rise of ocean water into the crack, a feature which is not supported by the record of large preserved impact craters.81,82 At the other end of the spectrum, the linear diapirism model posits that ridges form in the solid state.83 In between these end-members, a recent model of shear heating predicts formation of transient pockets of melt in the near-surface environment.84 Chaos terrain covers approximately a quarter of Europa’s surface,85 and, like ridges on Europa, several pro- posed models explain its formation.86 The most successful models of chaos formation involve some component of near-surface melting,87,88 but the primary difference is whether convective plumes in the solid state (in which case the melt is trapped near the surface) or massive thinning of the ice shell (in which case near-surface melts may communicate with the ocean) drives the process. In either case, chaos terrain almost certainly signals the existence of greater amounts of liquid water near the surface than does ridge formation. “Plates” of preexisting material that do not appear to have chaotically modified surface materials cover a substantial proportion of the area of chaos terrain. Even if liquid water is produced within the ice shell as a result of chaos or ridge formation, it does not automatically indicate contact between surface materials with that liquid. For example, in the Nimmo and Gaidos ridge model,89 the melt pockets develop a few kilometers below the surface. In the Schmidt et al. chaos formation model, briny melt is produced 3 or more kilometers below the surface. As the surface topography subsides over a liquid area, hydraulic gradients can push melt closer to the surface.90 The cold, near-vacuum environment of the surface presents a hostile environment for the stability of liquid water, which means that melt that reaches the surface is on a one-way trip. Other than the intentional use of a perennial heat source sufficiently powerful to actively melt through Europa’s ice, it is unclear what processes might be able to bury a spacecraft component deep enough to interact with circulating melt, especially considering that on Europa sputtering erosion of the surface by energetic particles is faster than burial by impact gardening.91 It is also important to note that while the Schmidt et al. model predicts the existence of some melt in areas of the near subsurface, the model also requires that these melt bodies are sealed within the ice shell and do not communicate with the underlying ocean. The prime concern for forward contamination on icy bodies is by organisms that can propagate at temperatures near the freezing point within the ice shell and the ocean. Europa’s rocky interior may contribute a substantial fraction to the overall heat flow, which may lead to the existence of hydrothermal vents hosting steep temperature gradients suitable for organisms with higher growth optima (including mesophiles, thermophiles, and hyperthermophiles). Many thousands of hydrothermal systems might exist on Europa, distributed around the globe.92 To get to a hydrothermal system, an organism introduced to the top of the ocean would need to sink to the bottom, enter a pore in the ocean floor, and then travel through cracks and pores beneath the ocean floor to an area of heating. Theoretical work on the timescale of vertical overturn in Europa’s ocean is sparse, and may depend on poorly constrained salinity levels in the ocean.93 If vertical mixing is driven by upward mass flux from hydrothermal plumes, it may take centuries for cold water at the top of the ocean to cycle to the bottom, and the time it takes for all of the ocean water to cycle through hydrothermal systems is ~107 years.94 Given the low probability discussed above of accidental contact between materials on the surface and the water at the top of the ocean, the likelihood of non-psychrophilic contaminants reaching and colonizing a putative hydrothermal vent within 103 years is necessarily much lower. In summary, a spacecraft in contact with a randomly selected portion of the uppermost surface of Europa is near the threshold of planetary protection concern as determined by application of Decision Point 5. That is, the probability of the spacecraft, spacecraft parts, or contents contacting a potentially habitable region within 1,000 years is uncomfortably close to the limit of 10–4. The upper limit likelihood of 5 × 10–5 for chance contact between the surface and subsurface liquids (see above) within 1,000 years assumes constant resurfacing that always involves liquid water in contact with the surface. Such liquids must be cold brines hospitable only to psychrophilic organisms. There is currently active debate over the existence of liquids in contact with the surface, how widespread such liquids are, and whether such liquids communicate with the underlying ocean. Therefore this upper limit appears to be very conservative. However, Europa’s activity may be episodic, in which case the constant resurfacing assumption may severely overestimate or underestimate the current situation. In the case of a mission that is intending to land on an area of suspected current resurfacing activity, the likelihood of chance contact with subsurface liquids is much higher. For a mission designed to penetrate the ice shell, the chance is higher yet. Such lander and penetrator missions would not pass the test imposed by Decision Point 5. Despite its small size (mean radius of 252 km), Enceladus is one of the most geologically active bodies in the solar system. Active cryovolcanism in the form of plumes occurs at the south pole,95 coinciding with a concentrated thermal anomaly,96 with an estimated thermal emission of 15.8 ± 3.1 GW.97 The south polar terrain (SPT) is disrupted by tectonic features with almost no superposed craters, indicating a resurfacing age within the past million years.98 Active venting of water vapor and icy particles is observed from four prominent fissures (commonly known as “tiger stripes”) in the center of the SPT.99,100,101 The temperature near the source of this vented material exceeds 180 K,102 while the presence of salts within the ejected particles implies that the plumes emanate from a subsurface liquid water source that has been in contact with the rocky interior.103 Nimmo and Pappalardo proposed that a solid-state convective ice under the south pole could explain the localized geologic activity of Enceladus.104 Collins and Goodman showed that the geologic activity could also result from localized thinning of the ice shell over an isolated sea under the south pole, with the remnant ice about 9 km thick.105 Tidal heating localized in a thermal plume could partially melt the ice shell and produce the high surface temperature of the south polar regions.106,107 The observed tidal heating requires a subsurface ocean decoupling the ice shell.108 Convection in the solid-state portion of the ice shell beneath the SPT may be vigorous enough to bring it into the mobile-lid regime, possibly recycling surface materials back into the interior.109 For the purposes of planetary protection, the south polar terrain on Enceladus presents a worst-case scenario with respect to Decision Point 5. Active venting from fissures in the ice may lead directly downward into a liquid water environment. The water is salty, indicating chemical reactions with the rocky interior and possible sources of nutrients. Unlike the other three icy bodies examined in this section, Enceladus’ low gravity leads to very low normal stresses at a given crustal thickness, and so cracks at the surface may stay open to a few kilometers depth. Although the chances of a spacecraft accidentally falling into one of the four narrow active fissures is quite small, caution is demanded because of the overall youth of the SPT, the countless number of tectonic features older than the “tiger stripes” (perhaps formerly active sites), and the possibility for surface recycling through mobile-lid convection. The south polar terrain of Enceladus does not pass the test of Decision Point 5, and so any mission intending to travel to this terrain must meet additional planetary protection requirements, and other missions in the vicinity must assess the probability of accidentally crashing into this terrain. Areas outside the SPT have higher crater retention ages and do not appear to have been active within the past 100 million years. In particular, the cratered plains (which stretch from the subsaturnian point and over the north pole to the antisaturnian point) appear to have very little resurfacing activity within the past 1 billion years, besides a few narrow tectonic fractures that have permitted loose regolith drainage.110 The cratered plains are of little concern from a planetary protection standpoint. Titan is the only icy body with a dense atmosphere, and present-day surface-atmosphere interactions make aeolian, fluvial, pluvial, and lacustrine processes important on a scale previously seen only on Earth. Similar to Earth’s water cycle, the activity on Titan’s frigid 95 K surface is driven by a methane cycle of evaporation, precipitation, and runoff. The average crater surface age is between 200 million years and 1 billion years, which would remove Titan from the list of planetary protection concern,111 except that there is evidence of some types of geologic activity in the present day, and so it must be scrutinized. The highest density of craters on Titan exists in the mountainous Xanadu region, whereas no craters are superimposed on the equatorial dunes,112 indicating that they could be active. Other active processes observed on Titan include rainstorms113 and changing lake levels.114 Surface-atmosphere exchange processes drive all of the unambiguous recent geologic activity on Titan, and these processes do not provide a means of transport to liquid water environments habitable by terrestrial organisms. From a planetary protection standpoint, the important question is where liquid water environments could exist within Titan and whether transport processes leading from the surface to those environments are currently active. Relevant to this point is the debate about the role that cryovolcanism may play in shaping Titan’s surface, whether in the form of degassing or active flows. Before the Cassini-Huygens mission, various workers suggested that Titan is probably cryovolcanically active, on the basis of geochemical and geophysical models. Substantial quantities of ammonia in the interior could facilitate the melting that would lead to this cryovolcanic activity. Explanations for the present atmospheric abundance of methane require a replenishing mechanism, and cryovolcanism would provide a way to bring methane from the interior to the atmosphere. Cassini results, such as the detection of 40Ar in the atmosphere,115 support the case of cryovolcanism on Titan, as it implies outgassing from Titan’s interior. Various features observed by Cassini on Titan have been interpreted as evidence of cryovolcanic activity. Putative cryovolcanic features were detected by Cassini’s VIMS and radar instruments,116 including lobate flows117 and a tall mountain adjacent to a deep pit with lobate flow-like features.118,119 However, as Cassini acquired more data, particularly topographic data, the cryovolcanic origin of some of these features has come into doubt. It is often difficult to distinguish between fluvial, mass wasting, and volcanic flows using the relatively low-resolution data that are currently available from Cassini, and a self-consistent picture of Titan’s geology can be constructed without any cryovolcanism.120 For the purposes of this report, the committee assumed that cryovolcanic activity on Titan remains a possibility. The area covered by putative cryovolcanic flows is 0.6 to 1 percent of Titan’s surface, and the area of the source vents, where subsurface-surface transport takes place, is about a factor of 10 smaller. If it is assumed that all of Titan’s surface is cryovolcanically resurfaced over the minimum surface age of 200 million years, and activity is randomly distributed in time and space, then the chance of a spacecraft randomly landing in the immediate vicinity of a source vent active within the next 1,000 years is less than 10–6, comfortably within the bounds set by Decision Point 5. However, the flow of liquid methane across Titan’s surface and through its regolith could pick up small particles from a spacecraft and carry them to lower elevations. Underground flow could move liquid methane from the equator (at higher elevation) to the pole (at lower elevation) in a matter of centuries.121 If a spacecraft were to come into contact with Titan’s surface at high elevations, methane flow could significantly spread out the contamination “footprint.” The lack of experimental research data on physical interactions that could occur between underground methane (carrying the contaminants) and cryovolcanic liquid water in the subsurface warrants pointing out a few first principles. The temperature difference between these liquids is about 180°C; in terms of homologous temperatures, cryolava encountering a lake on Titan is similar to terrestrial lava pouring into the sea. The water is likely to freeze at the same time that the methane boils. One crucial difference from the terrestrial analogy is that water is not significantly soluble in methane, unlike water interacting with silicate melts. Instead, near-freezing water and methane may solidify together into a more stable clathrate. If a terrestrial microbe were to reach a liquid water body on Titan, the extreme conditions could exceed the organism’s limits of habitability. High concentrations of ammonia are likely to exist in cryovolcanic fluids on Titan, and the ocean on Titan probably does not contact the warm rocky interior due to high-pressure ice phases. The interior may even be cold and incompletely differentiated, although information about Titan’s interior structure is more difficult to obtain than for the other saturnian satellites.122 In summary, despite active exogenic processes operating on the surface, the evidence does not indicate that environments habitable to terrestrial organisms currently exist near the surface of Titan. Therefore, currently conceivable missions to Titan would pass the test imposed by Decision Point 5 and require no further planetary protection measures. However, thorough cleaning of these spacecraft may be desirable for other reasons related to mission science, such as sensitive detection of complex organic molecules in the titanian environment. Images of Neptune’s satellite Triton from the Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1989 revealed evidence of resurfacing processes,123 possibly by cryovolcanism124 and diapirism.125 Triton’s retrograde orbit around Neptune suggests that it is likely to be a captured satellite126 and represents the best current model for a Kuiper belt object. Images revealed eruptive plumes up to 8 km high blowing dark particles downwind in the thin atmosphere.127,128 Smith et al. suggested that solar heating and subsequent vaporization of subsurface nitrogen may drive the eruptions.129 Other proposed mechanisms for gas venting include solid-state greenhouse130 and convection in the solid nitro- gen caps.131 Therefore, current eruptive activity on Triton most likely reflects solar heating rather than endogenic cryovolcanism, in the sense of bringing molten material from the interior to the surface.132 The scarcity of impact craters on Triton indicates a surface younger than 50 million years in the oldest areas and only a few million years old in the youngest areas.133 A number of geologic features on Triton suggest that widespread cryovolcanism has occurred in the past. Smooth plains with lobate features cover large parts of the observed surface, and interpretations of circular features termed “cantaloupe terrain” suggest they result from solid-state diapirism.134 A possible explanation for the high heat flow required to drive this massive resurfacing is the orbital capture of Triton into the Neptune system followed by a period of high tidal heating and melting of the interior ices,135 making it likely that Triton has an internal ocean. A major factor for assessing the forward contamination of Triton is that the composition and the temperature of any subsurface liquids that could provide transport down to the ocean are not known. The surface of Triton is cold enough to host ices of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, and it is likely that ammonia may be mixed with the water ice in the crust.136,137 There is a strong possibility that near-subsurface liquids on Triton accessible to a crashed spacecraft are uninhabitable by terrestrial organisms. But, in the absence of more information on the liquids, the combination of the very young surface age and active cryovolcanic processes strongly suggests that missions contacting the surface of Triton are likely to fail the test imposed by Decision Point 5. Therefore, Triton should be approached with caution from a planetary protection standpoint until more information is available. Planetary protection should focus on icy moons in the outer solar system where the preponderance of geophysical and chemical data indicates potential habitability for terrestrial life and where evidence of resurfacing activity in the past 108 years increases the likelihood of surface-subsurface transport to interiors that might be habitable. The requisite chemical species required for terrestrial life include liquid water and the key elements carbon, sulfur, nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and phosphorus, but currently available data is not informative about their presence or absence on icy bodies. The physical conditions of the target body (e.g., temperature) must be compatible with extremes tolerated by terrestrial organisms. Recommendation: Evidence of widespread resurfacing activity within the past 108 years requires that NASA evaluate planetary protection requirements for Europa, Enceladus, and Triton using a hierarchical decision-making framework of the kind presented in Chapter 2 and elaborated on in Chapter 3. Spacecraft designers must demonstrate that their plans for missions to these bodies have less than a 10–4 chance of contacting within the next 1,000 years an area of active surface-subsurface transport. Finding: The possibility for active transport of contaminants into a habitable portion of Titan’s interior over a 1,000-year timescale is more remote than 10–4, removing Titan from high levels of concern for planetary protection. Titan’s average surface age appears to be older than 108 years, and although putative cryovolcanic features have been found, all firm evidence for current geologic activity on Titan indicates that such activity is driven by exogenic processes involving the methane cycle and wind-blown sediment, none of which provides a habitable environment for terrestrial organisms. 1. For a discussion, see, for example, G. Schubert, J.D. Anderson, T. Spohn, and W.B. McKinnon, Interior composition, structure, and dynamics of the Galilean satellites, pp. 281-306 in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites, and Magnetosphere (F. Bagenal, T.E. Dowling, and W.B. McKinnon, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 2004. 2. C.C. Porco, P. Helfenstein, P.C. Thomas, A.P. Ingersoll, J. Wisdom, R. West, G. Neukum, T. Denk, R. Wagner, T. Roatsch, S. Kieffer, et al., Cassini observes the active south pole of Enceladus, Science 311:1393-1401, 2006. 3. H.B. Niemann, S.K. Atreya, S.J. Bauer, G.R. Carignan, J.E. Demick, R.L. Frost, D. Gautier, J.A. Haberman, D.N. Harpold, D.M. Hunten, G. Israel, et al., The abundances of constituents of Titan’s atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe, Nature 438:779-784, 2005. 4. G. Schubert, J.D. Anderson, T. Spohn, and W.B. McKinnon, Interior composition, structure, and dynamics of the Galilean satellites, pp. 281-306 in Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites, and Magnetosphere (F. Bagenal, T.E. Dowling, and W.B. McKinnon, eds.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K., 2004. 5. See, for example, F. Nimmo and B.G. Bills, Shell thickness variations and the long wavelength topography of Titan, Icarus 208:896-904, 2010. 6. G. Schubert, J.D. Anderson, B.J. Travis, and J. 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Johnson, eds.), Academic Press, Amsterdam; Boston, 2007. Next: 5 Microbial Metabolism and Physiology » Assessment of Planetary Protection Requirements for Spacecraft Missions to Icy Solar System Bodies Get This Book Buy Paperback \| $43.00 Buy Ebook \| $34.99 NASA's exploration of planets and satellites during the past 50 years has led to the discovery of traces of water ice throughout the solar system and prospects for large liquid water reservoirs beneath the frozen ICE shells of multiple satellites of the giant planets of the outer solar system. During the coming decades, NASA and other space agencies will send flybys, orbiters, subsurface probes, and, possibly, landers to these distant worlds in order to explore their geologic and chemical context. Because of their potential to harbor alien life, NASA will select missions that target the most habitable outer solar system objects. This strategy poses formidable challenges for mission planners who must balance the opportunity for exploration with the risk of contamination by Earth's microbes, which could confuse the interpretation of data obtained from these objects. The 2000 NRC report Preventing the Forward Contamination of Europa provided a criterion that was adopted with prior recommendations from the Committee on Space Research of the International Council for Science. This current NRC report revisits and extends the findings and recommendations of the 2000 Europa report in light of recent advances in planetary and life sciences and, among other tasks, assesses the risk of contamination of icy bodies in the solar system. Front Matter i–x Summary 1–4 1 Current Status of Planetary Protection Policies for Icy Bodies 5–12 2 Binary Decision Trees 13–18 3 Hierarchical Decisions for Planetary Protection 19–22 4 A Geophysical Perspective and Inventory of Habitable Environments on Icy Bodies 23–40 5 Microbial Metabolism and Physiology 41–54 6 Necessary Research 55–58 Appendixes 59–60 Appendix A: Letter Requesting This Study 61–63 Appendix B: Current and Prospective Missions to Icy Bodies of Astrobiological Interest 64–69 Appendix C: Event Sequence Diagram for the Determination of Planetary Protection Measures for Missions to Icy Bodies 70–73 Appendix D: Committee and Staff Biographical Information 74–78 Appendix E: Glossary and Abbreviations 79–84	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1452
__label__cc	0.531751	0.468249	BALL FIVE: Tigers earned significant win on Friday By Jay Davis \| on October 11, 2017 Unless you have been a devoted follower of Mobridge-Pollock football, you cannot understand the significance of Friday night’s win at Sisseton. This group of Tigers has been trying to learn how to win an important game for a couple of years now. It’s not that easy to do. Learning to win games against quality programs with winning traditions takes supreme effort. The Tigers came up an extra point short against Aberdeen Roncalli and the lost road games in Ft. Pierre and Groton (both teams’ homecoming games). The three losses were by a total of 11 points. All three were winnable, but the Tigers came up just short. That did not happen in Sisseton. Never mind that the Redmen have a 2-5 record with one game to play, they were a very good football team. The Tigers had lost eight in a row to Sisseton, including our own homecoming game last year. No one in Sisseton expected the Tigers to walk onto the artificial surface field in Sisseton and then walk off with a win. I’ve heard from our fans that Sisseton folks in the bleachers were none too pleased about seeing the Redmen lose to the Tigers for the first time since 1995. What that win means, barring an unforeseen event happening on Friday, is that the Tigers will get a rematch with Aberdeen Roncalli in the first round of the playoffs. The Tigers’ 19-18 loss to the Cavaliers in the third week of the season is still a crystal clear, bitter memory for the team. From what I have gathered, there is no one else they would rather be playing next week. The game will most probably be in Aberdeen. The Cavaliers are done with their regular season and stand at 4-4 with 40 power points. The Tigers need to beat McLaughlin to get to 4-4. They have 39 power points. One full point is too much ground to make up, unless nearly every single game in the rest of the state goes our way. First things first of course, the Tigers have to take care of business and beat the Mustangs on Friday. Then it’s off to Aberdeen for another game on artificial surface against another team and fan base that are expecting their home team to win. Let’s hope that sometime around 9:30 p.m. on Oct. 19, the good folks of Aberdeen are none too pleased about the outcome of their game either. More From Opinions Go To The Opinions Section KATIE ZERR: Compassion and patience needed in dealing with grief BALL FIVE: Athletics have shaped my life, whether I knew it or not KATIE ZERR: Tragedies have big impacts on smaller communities	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1456
__label__cc	0.698971	0.301029	Home > Michael O'Mara Books > Biographies > Churchill's Bestiary Churchill's Bestiary His Life Through Animals Piers Brendon Categories: Biographies 'From beak to tail feather and from flipper to fin, this is a book that will long be known, read and savoured.' – James W. Muller, Chairman of the Board of Academic Advisers of the International Churchill Society Winston Churchill was known for his great love for and admiration of animals. In fact, one of Churchill’s key characteristics was his fascination with the animal kingdom – creatures of all sorts were a crucial element in his existence. He was amused, intrigued and enchanted by, sometimes even besotted with a vast menagerie, from his pet budgerigar, dogs, cats, fish, butterflies, to his own lion, leopard and white kangaroos kept at London Zoo, and even more unusual species. Dwelling and walking amid flora and fauna was Churchill’s ideal form of existence – ‘The world would be better off if it were inhabited only by animals’ – and he signed his letters home as a boy ‘The Pussy Cat’. In this fascinating biography, Dr Piers Brendon looks deeper into Churchill’s love of the animal kingdom, and at how animals played such a large part in his everyday life. We encounter the paradox of the animal-loving-hunter: he hunts foxes yet keeps them as pets, he likes fishing but loves fish; along with the man who used analogies to animals time and time again in his speeches and writings. The picture that emerges shows another side to the great man, showcasing his wit, wisdom and wayward genius from a different perspective and shedding new and fascinating light on the man voted The Greatest Briton. Dr Piers Brendon is the author of over a dozen books, including The Dark Valley: A Panorama of the 1930s, Winston Churchill: A Brief Life and The Decline and Fall of the British Empire. He writes for the national press and frequently appears on television. He is a former Keeper of the Churchill Archives Centre, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature. More about Piers Brendon	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1459
__label__cc	0.600689	0.399311	Lake Alfred Bicycle Accident Chris Russo • Mar 8, 2010 A Winter Haven bicyclist, Norman Patrick Shepherd, 42, was struck and injured in a bicycle accident involving a van in Lake Alfred. The driver of the van, Michael S. Waters, 28, of Polk City, fled the scene after the accident. Shepherd was taken to Lakeland Regional Medical Center in critical condition. Waters was charged with driving on a suspended license, leaving the scene of an accident involving serious bodily injuries, and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. Waters told Lake Alfred police that he had consumed alcohol and methamphetamines prior to the crash. Other charges are pending results from blood or alcohol testing. Shepherd was struck at approximately 11 a.m. near Cass Road and Adams Barn Road. Shepherd was struck from behind and his head hit the front of Waters' 1999 Ford Aerostar. Other motorists called 911 for Shepherd. If you or a loved one has been injured in a car accident or bicycle accident, you may have important questions that need to be answered. Moody Law serves greater Central Florida including, Lakeland, Winter Haven, Bartow, Haines City, and all of Polk County.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1461
__label__wiki	0.820337	0.820337	65,000 concert goers come together to sing along to Queen's 'Bohemian Rhapsody' we love 10/07/2017 A crowd of 65,000 Green Day fans were brought together with a giant sing-along to Queen's hit song, 'Bohemian Rhapsody'. The video was shot from behind Tre Cool's drum kit, and has gone viral after being posted to Green Day's YouTube channel. It shows the crowd at London's Hyde Park waiting for the band to take the stage, when the song came on over the PA system. The crowd then joined together in song, laughing and clapping, before head-banging to Brian May's incendiary guitar solo. It's a moment that has drawn applause from people who have seen the clip on social media. "Only Queen can rock an entire stadium without even being there," one YouTube commenter wrote. Released in 1975, 'Bohemian Rhapsody' is one of Queen's most popular songs and is often placed on lists as one of the greatest modern songs of all time.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1464
__label__cc	0.564933	0.435067	You are here: Home / Movie Trailers / Action / The world will end in this amazing new trailer for 2012! The world will end in this amazing new trailer for 2012! June 18, 2009 By Jon Stephens 7 Comments WOW! I love post-apocalyptic, end of the world type stories. Maybe it’s a morbid fascination with destruction, but I just can’t get enough of them, no matter how bad the character development is, or how lame the story behind the destruction is. I love seeing massive amounts of destruction; the carnage is beautiful. Roland Emmerich has really out done himself in 2012, his latest directorial effort. In it, he attempts to bring thousands of years of fears to life on the big screen, as he depicts the end of the world. Starring Jon Cusack, 2012 is a movie that virtually guarantees a few “oh sh*t” moments. For anyone who has never heard of the film before, let me fill you in: “Never before has a date in history been so significant to so many cultures, so many religions, scientists, and governments. The film revolves a family who goes on vacation in December 2012, just as the Mayan calendar is coming to a close. Over the decades, many have prophesized that the world will end when the ancient calendar ceases on Dec. 21, 2012. 2012 promises to be an epic adventure about a global cataclysm that brings an end to the world and tells of the heroic struggle of the survivors.” There really are a lot of people who believe something catastrophic will happen on that date. Hundreds of thousands of people look to that date with fear and dread. The film is obviously an attempt to capitalize on that fear, and I have no doubt that people will go see this movie, compelled to do so by the same morbid fascination and fear that have haunted so many people for so many years. All that said: Wasn’t seeing all that stuff destroyed really cool??? Expect to see tons of glorious F/X at work. The film also boasts a high caliber lead actor in Jon Cusack, and a star studded secondary set of actors like Woody Harrelson, Danny Glover, Amanda Peete and Oliver Platt. Very rarely have I expected a disaster film to be good, but I expect this one to be good. I am looking forward to checking this out, whenever it finally hits theaters. What about you? The film is currently slated for release on November 13th. Filed Under: Action, Movie Trailers Tagged With: 2012, Roland Emmerich The taking of Pelham 1 2 3 - Rev... Transformers: Revenge of the Fa...	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1466
__label__wiki	0.535589	0.535589	Home>News>2013 State Titles In Hand 2013 State Titles In Hand Links associated with this release: Region Meet Results Class 1A Results The State Indoor Track and Field Championships wrapped up in exciting fashion at the Prince George's Sports and Learning Complex in Landover with some of the tightest team title races in recent memory. Two schools made history with their first state titles while six others won their second. Select the links above to view the desired State meet results. (updated 2/19/13, 11:15 pm) Class 1A and Class 2A got things rolling on Monday, 2/18 as the Boonsboro girls successfully defended their first title from last year by a margin of 17.5 points over Western STES, 111.5 to 94. The Largo girls and Century boys each won their second state titles. It was the Largo girls' first since 2000 as they edged Liberty 59-55. Century won their first state title in 2011, so after waiting a year, the boys raise the first place trophy again by outdistancing Long Reach, 84-45. The story of the day though goes to the Pikesville boys' team as they accomplished a first in school history by winning their first ever state title by outscoring Boonsboro, 110-103. On Tuesday, 2/19 the Class 3A and Class 4A teams will compete beginning at 4 PM. Doors will open for athletes and spectators at 3 PM. On Tuesday, 2/19 the Hereford girls staged a successful defense of their inaugural title won in 2012 with the largest margin of victory of the day by 14.66 points over Thomas Stone for the Class 3A trophy. The Digital Harbor boys won their second state crown by edging the Hereford boys in Class 3A, 49 points to 45. But that wasn't even the closest score of the day as the Bowie girls won their first state title in Class 4A by nipping the North Point girls, 54-51. Also headlining the day was the Clarksburg boys team as they claimed the top spot in the state for the first time in school history over Northwest, 67 points to 53.5. As always, the people behind the scenes are the engine that makes big events like these meets run. The MPSSAA would like to thank the State Indoor Track Committee and Director Joe Sargent as well as each of the region meet directors, all of the officials, and the volunteers for each and every one of those meets. Thanks too to the staff at the Fifth Regiment Armory and Hagerstown Community College for the use of their facilities during the region meets. A special thanks to our friends at the Prince George's Sports and Learning Complex for the use of their beautiful facility for region and the state meets. Without all of these tireless workers, there would be no program. Please know how much you are appreciated and we look forward to working with all of you again to next year to make our events even better!	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1467
__label__cc	0.554345	0.445655	You are here: Home / BRIEFS / 22 arrested in drug raids 22 arrested in drug raids By the time police had completed a major, coordinated drug raid on Thursday, 22 people were under arrest including 17 men and five women aged 17 to 65. The police swept down on more than 40 addresses in Oslo, mostly in the Kampen, Tøyen and Ensjø districts on the city’s east side. Several of those arrested were tied to the same family that was subject to another raid carried out by police in Oslo’s Grønland district earlier this autumn. That anti-drug operation resulted in 18 people being charged with narcotics violations, three of them under the age of 18. The police described the suspected drug ring as involved mostly in sales of hash. “You can call this ‘phase two’ of the police operation carried out on September 30,” Kåre Stølen of the Grønland police station in Oslo told newspaper Aftenposten. He said the police seized both cash and drugs, mostly cannabis in the raids that began at 6am on Thursday. The raid was part of an ongoing police reaction to public complaints of open drug-dealing on the streets, in parks and metro stations at Tøyen, Ensjø and Helsfyr. Filed Under: BRIEFS Tagged With: crime, drugs, narcotics	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1468
__label__wiki	0.884455	0.884455	March 17, 2008 Issue Love And Disaster “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof,” “Adding Machine,” “Liberty City.” By Hilton Als Terrence Howard and Anika Noni Rose in Williams’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play. Illustration by Mark Ulriksen The real star of the latest production of “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ” (at the Broadhurst, directed by Debbie Allen) is the play itself. Listening to Tennessee Williams’s rare poetry, which grounds his characters’ lush speech in the exaggeratedly colloquial, is made all the more delectable by his witchy, fine-fanged humor—and his compassion. The play was first produced on Broadway in 1955, and went on to win that year’s Pulitzer Prize. During the show’s nearly three-hour running time, one is alert less to the action—which is relatively minimal—than to the various aesthetic tightropes that Williams walks, the most obvious being his skillful balance of melodrama and artistry. At times, you can feel him reaching so high to incorporate into his work both a spiritual and a carnal longing for love that you fear he’ll topple over. But “Cat” keeps righting itself, largely because the hysteria that propels it—it’s a play about painful recrimination, and lies that are reversed in the face of the brutal truth—is tempered by Williams’s command of his craft. He loves the way his characters talk, but he loves their silences, too. “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ” grew out of a short story titled “Three Players of a Summer Game,” which the author published in this magazine in 1952. That story, about an adolescent boy’s romantic awakening, centered on four main characters, only two of whom made it to the boards: Brick Pollitt and his wife, Margaret. In the play, Brick (Terrence Howard, making his stage and Broadway débuts) calls his wife Maggie; she calls herself Maggie the Cat. Her feline qualities, like her self-interest, are hard to miss—she’s coyly flirtatious with Brick’s father, Big Daddy (James Earl Jones), the family patriarch and wealthy plantation owner, and she’s skittish around Brick, who rejects her sexually. Not that Maggie (Anika Noni Rose) blames him, not much: sometime before the action begins, Maggie slept with Brick’s unstable buddy, Skipper, in order to break up the close friendship between the two men and win back her husband’s attentions. Now Maggie thinks it’s time that she and Brick got over the affair—she wants a child, and to become a legitimate member of the Pollitt clan. But Brick can’t move on. Soon after Maggie slept with Skipper, and Brick rebuffed his attempts to confess, Skipper more or less drank himself to death. Brick can’t live with the guilt—or with Maggie. Despite her relative emotional ruthlessness, Maggie’s a conventional girl at heart. She loves Brick, though perhaps she loves his princelike status in the family more. Having grown up poor, Maggie wants to be the child who’s got her own. It’s a tricky act to pull off, and one that can all too easily expose an actress’s weaknesses. On the night I saw the show, I could feel Rose’s anxiety in the role immediately. She may be too young for the part, and too full of self-regard. As she stretches and cozies up to Brick like an animal circling its hoped-for owner, her movements seem too studied—one feels that her desire is annoying enough for any man to turn his back on. Under Debbie Allen’s eager-to-please direction, the women are either caricatures or shrill harridans. As Brick’s doting mother, Big Mama, Phylicia Rashad (Allen’s sister) is a parody of the Southern matriarch. And as Brick’s sister-in-law Mae—a broad part that should be played subtly—Lisa Arrindell Anderson is merely a shouter; she’s all clenched and flexed. We see her ambition, but nothing of the twisted spirit that informs it. In general, Allen seems barely interested in exploring Williams’s soulfulness. Twice during the show, she has a black saxophone player walk onstage and blow a mournful tune. Why? To remind us that this is an all-black production? Race plays as much or as little a role in this revival as you want it to. When the incredible Jones uses the word “nigger,” to describe his boyhood self, you can feel how hard Big Daddy has worked to rise above all epithets to become himself. The smallness of life hasn’t stood in Big Daddy’s way, and this is one reason that Brick’s resignation baffles his father, even as he reaches out to him. Jones understands Williams’s language, and relaxes into it; his frame puffs up with pride and pleasure, like a peacock, as he shows off Big Daddy’s charm. Howard, for his part, conveys Brick’s barely repressed grief, and he beautifully channels his character’s paralyzing sense of defeat. When they’re together, Howard and Jones manage to transcend the play’s weak direction; they tap into Williams’s jazzy partial score about fathers and sons and the women who may or may not love them. In “Adding Machine” (at the Minetta Lane), brilliance comes and goes, like a cork riding high on the sea. There is no doubting the talent of this chamber musical’s young composer, Joshua Schmidt, and his co-lyricist, Jason Loewith, especially when you consider their unlikely source material: Elmer L. Rice’s didactic seven-act play, “The Adding Machine.” First produced in 1923, Rice’s seventh stage play—he had written a number of successful melodramas—was lauded for its Expressionistic dialogue and distinctly modern concerns: racism, loneliness, alienation. At the heart of the piece is Mr. Zero (played, in this production, by Joel Hatch)—a sweet but dim-witted and, ultimately, murderous office worker who craves respect. Entrancingly staged by the director David Cromer, the show’s cold, angular sets invoke the early Expressionist works of the filmmaker King Vidor, who mined similar territory—the loss of the individual and of honor, the deadening effects of automation—in works like “The Big Parade” and “The Crowd.” (Takeshi Kata, Keith Parham, and Kristine Knanishu, who are the show’s outstanding scenic, lighting, and costume designers, respectively, help achieve Cromer’s bleak vision.) After a rousing start—courtesy of Cyrilla Baer as Mrs. Zero, who opens the show with a cruel and complicated aria about her troubled marriage—the action shifts to Mr. Zero at work, where he adds sums in a ledger. The numbers are read aloud to him in a flat, weary voice by his co-worker and occasional love interest, Daisy (the gifted Amy Warren). Daisy looks like a Madame Alexander doll that has been socked in the eye and then left out in the rain. Her heart’s been bruised, too, but how to repair it? Certainly Mr. Zero can’t give her the love she requires. He’s too worried about the promotion he believes he deserves. And, when it doesn’t come, he kills his boss, and is condemned to death. Life will not miss him. A stellar supporting cast is backed up by an offstage group of musicians who play the score, which ranges from Gershwin-like ragtime to Weill-inspired jazz. The play’s one troubling note is its main character’s affect: Hatch plays Zero as Rice and the makers of this musical intended—as a blowhard with nothing to say—but his lack of presence means there’s little to latch on to when he’s onstage (which is most of the time). Luckily, Baer and Warren are compelling enough to fill the void that Mr. Zero leaves in his wake. They are the performers you most want to watch, and their collective magic illuminates what is clearly at work behind this production: a desire to make remarkable theatre. “Liberty City” (at New York Theatre Workshop) is a one-woman show starring a very appealing actress named April Yvette Thompson. The ninety-minute piece is based on her life—first as a child, and then as a young woman growing up in Liberty City, a part of Miami that is home to many people of the Caribbean diaspora. Co-written and directed by Jessica Blank, the show has a lot of pep, and a few too many stock characters. Thompson could inhabit her characters with greater physical ease; she is too tentative all around, but especially when it comes to embodying her revolution-minded dad, or her sympathetic and tolerant mother. She stands outside these characters, shyly, and like a little girl—but she’s a grownup now, and an actress, so she should tell us about the citizens of her world with more physical expression. Nonetheless, Thompson’s storytelling skills are solid and endearing, and she manages what “Cat” ’s Anika Noni Rose does not: she telegraphs, truthfully, her awkwardness and uncertainty, which ultimately win us over. ♦ This article appears in the print edition of the March 17, 2008, issue. Hilton Als, The New Yorker’s theatre critic, won the 2017 Pulitzer Prize for criticism. He is the author of “White Girls” and an associate professor of writing at Columbia University. Blacks (African-Americans) New York Theatre Workshop One-Woman Shows The Broadhurst Williams, Tennessee	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1470
__label__wiki	0.872439	0.872439	Benjamin Wallace-Wells Is the Alt-Right for Real? By Benjamin Wallace-Wells The suspicion that populist revolutionaries might not mean everything they say has surrounded Trump’s campaign from the beginning. Photograph by Mark Peterson / Redux A strange, fascinating story broke last week, one that contains the darkness of the Trump campaign and that has, like the Trump campaign at times, the cadence of a joke. A thirty-two-year-old man named Colin Lokey confessed to Bloomberg that, until days earlier, he had been one of the unknown authors of Zero Hedge, a blog that combines analysis of the financial markets, emphasizing the essential corruption of Wall Street, with what CNNMoney once called “a deeply conspiratorial, anti-establishment and pessimistic view of the world.” Each post on Zero Hedge is written under the pseudonym Tyler Durden, Brad Pitt’s character from “Fight Club,” a workingman’s nihilist. Lokey revealed to Bloomberg last week that Durden was actually three men: two wealthy financial analysts, Daniel Ivandjiiski and Tim Backshall, and Lokey, a recent M.B.A. from East Tennessee State University—their hired hand. By his own account, Lokey was writing as many as fifteen posts a day, among them most of the political pieces. The gig had a certain formula, he told Bloomberg: “Russia=good. Obama=idiot. Bashar al-Assad=benevolent leader. John Kerry= dunce. Vladimir Putin=greatest leader in the history of statecraft.” For Zero Hedge, Syria was a special obsession, a sign of the essential strength of authoritarian regimes and the weakness of democracies. (“Putin Is Winning the Final Chess Match with Obama,” one Zero Hedge article claimed last fall.) The pace of the propaganda was too much for Lokey; last month, he checked himself into a hospital, believing he was on the verge of a panic attack. The populism seemed false to him. “Two guys who live a lifestyle you can only dream of are pretending to speak for you,” he wrote. The “unmasking” that Bloomberg promised in its headline was really two, one inside the other. Remove the Tyler Durden mask and there were Backshall and Ivandjiiski, two successful bankers pushing populism. Remove the mask again and there was Lokey, pretending to be them. “This isn’t a revolution,” Lokey wrote. “It’s a joke.” The suspicion that populist revolutionaries might not mean everything they say has surrounded Trump’s campaign from the beginning. His personal ambition to be President has seemed almost painfully obvious, but about the populist nature of his candidacy there has been more room for doubt. The wall at the border, the religious tests for immigrants: Could he really mean that? Last week, Paul Manafort, one of Trump’s chief advisers, tried to reassure Republican National Committee members that the candidate has been simply “playing a part” for the primaries. Then Trump doubled down on some of his most outrageous positions. The wink between Trump and his supporters has been so sustained that it’s hard to tell which parts of his populism each side understands as theatre, and which parts are for real. You could ask some of the same questions about the alt-right, the loosely assembled far-right movement that exists largely online, and that overlaps with both the Trump campaign and with the politics of Zero Hedge. Richard Spencer, the white nationalist who came up with the term “alt-right,” described the movement in December as “an ideology around identity, European identity.” But the alt-right has often seemed more diffuse than that, more of a catch-all for the least presentable elements of the online right: white nationalists, neo-reactionaries, the male-victimhood clique of GamerGate. Late last year, BuzzFeed proclaimed that the movement, with a boost from the Trump campaign, “has hit it big,” and ever since anxious alarms have been issuing from the conservative mainstream. The Times columnist Ross Douthat worked to distinguish the reactionary tradition from the open racism of the alt-right. National Review denounced the “racism and moral rot” that characterized the movement. Commentary described the alt-right as a gathering force, and warned of a “coming conservative dark age.” And yet, as an ideology, it can be hard to take the alt-right seriously. When Spencer named the movement, he was the managing editor of Taki’s Magazine, whose founder and namesake, Taki Theodoracopulos, is a monarchist man-about-Gstaad and the society columnist for the London Spectator. Its own propagandists often say they are joking. The right-wing provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos, of Breitbart, himself a leading fellow-traveller, claimed that some “young rebels” are drawn to the alt-right not for deeply political reasons but “because it promises fun, transgression, and a challenge to social norms.” The alt-right exists mostly online, and so it is shrouded in pseudonyms. The strains that run through the alt-right—that wrap together the vicious misogyny and plaintive victimhood of GamerGate with Prussia-venerating neo-reactionaries—are in their essence not matters of substance but of style. They share with the Trump movement a haughty success theatre that complicates their populism: the alt-right’s defense of the white working class, Yiannopoulos insisted, is not an instance of self-preservation but of “noblesse oblige.” The two also share the instinct for provocation. “If you spend 75 years building a pseudo-religion around anything—an ethnic group, a plaster saint, sexual chastity or the Flying Spaghetti Monster—don’t be surprised when clever 19-year-olds discover that insulting it is now the funniest fucking thing in the world,” the blogger Mencius Moldbug wrote to Yiannopoulos. The alt-right often seems to be testing the strength of the speech taboos that revolve around conventional politics—of what can be said, and how directly. Can you insist that science supports racial differences in intelligence? Can you threaten rape? Can you Photoshop an image of a Jewish reporter who has written critically about the Trumps so that she appears to be in a concentration camp? How far can you go? It is easy to notice the flood of Nazi imagery that has been tweeted from anonymous accounts at reporters, and harder to determine how many people are sending these images. Even the most careful reporting into the less crude edges of the movement usually has to resort to calling the alt-right’s influential voices by their message-board monikers (CisWhiteMaelstrom, JCM267) rather than by their real names. One way to understand the alt-right is not as a movement but as a collective experiment in identity, in the same way that many people use anonymity on the Internet to test more extreme versions of themselves. Moldbug, when he stepped out from behind his pseudonym, turned out to be a Silicon Valley computer programmer who had started as a commenter in the factional circles of libertarian message boards. CisWhiteMaelstrom, who convened the pro-Trump hordes that swallowed the politics sections of Reddit, turned out to be a law student in his early twenties who was looking forward to a job in which he could make the most money possible. These are familiar conservative types, in the same way that the alt-right pioneers John Derbyshire and Taki Theodoracopulos are familiar conservative intellectuals, who first came to prominence at National Review. And as pointed as Zero Hedge’s Russophilia is, it was the Virginia co-chair of the Ted Cruz campaign who flew to Syria last week to assure Bashar al-Assad that President Cruz would be on his side. The tone of Trumpism and of the alt-right conceals a more familiar politics. Partisans of the alt-right are often described as “shock troops” of the Trump phenomenon, in the same way that Trump voters are understood to be outsiders invading the Republican Party. But my suspicion is that these descriptions get them wrong, by imagining that they are a new group of people rather than the same old group during their off hours, trying out a different form of play. Just before the New Hampshire primary, with Trump far ahead in the polls, establishment Republicans in the Granite State kept insisting to reporters that they could not name a single Trump voter. But when the exit polls came out, the Trump voters turned out to have come from the social center, not from the fringe. Trump’s support was not isolated in any subgroup of Republicans—it spanned them all. The income of Trump voters turned out to be essentially indistinguishable from those who supported Ted Cruz or Hillary Clinton. Trump rallies, in light of these demographic details, no longer look so much like the invasion of a foreign army. They look more like the Republican base, moved by conventional grievances, trying out a different way of expressing them. Is the revolution a joke, as Colin Lokey, despairing, insisted it was? Yes, in a way. But, then, jokes are complicated. Benjamin Wallace-Wells began contributing to The New Yorker in 2006 and joined the magazine as a staff writer in 2015. He writes mainly about American politics and society. 2016 Presidential campaign Why Cruz, and the G.O.P., Lost to Trump From the J.F.K. assassination to Monica Lewinsky, it was a long day in Indiana. How Donald Trump Won the G.O.P. Nomination There will be debate for decades about how Trump got to this point, but any convincing explanation must acknowledge his talents as a demagogue. By John Cassidy What Would a National Anti-Trump Movement Look Like? Two left-of-center campaigns—overlapping but not the same—appear likely to take on Trump in a general election.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1471
__label__cc	0.63545	0.36455	At NTConnections, our values are the principles of the way we operate our businesses. From the way we work internally each day, to the relationships we foster with our customers and communities, we are guided by four core values. Being a leader is not defined by a title but defined by actions. Our team has aligned our values and vision to empower our team members to exceed expectations. We strive every day to exceed your expectations by having extraordinary attention to detail and always proving our commitment to your business. We aim to maintain our clients’ technology to ensure that technology issues become a thing of the past. Trust is important not just in our own organization but within relationships we establish with our clients. We want to become your trusted source for all things technology. Request Your Action Plan It’s About You Help A Colleague ⇒ NavigateHome It’s About You Your Services Help A Colleague Get Educated Reach Out Don’t Be Neutral about Net Neutrality! Lighting up the airwaves in the United States is the issue of net neutrality. It’s a complex and technical topic regarding Internet regulations, but don’t let the fine print keep you from caring. This is an important topic that could affect how the Internet is consumed around the globe! Now, you may be thinking, “The laws governing how the United States uses the Internet will surely only affect America. The rest of the world shouldn’t be concerned.” Keep in mind that the Internet connects the global community, and if the citizens of the U.S. are hindered from connecting and contributing to this community, then the whole world will feel the effects of these new regulations–which are currently being considered by U.S. lawmakers. These new regulations regarding net neutrality are essentially an assault on the free sharing of ideas over the Internet. Currently, the Internet content in America is distributed neutrally (thus the term “net neutrality”), which means that everything posted on the Internet gets a fair shake at finding an audience. You can think of it like every news story, big and small, no matter the source, gets a chance to start at the same starting line in the race to be seen. What’s being proposed to the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) by ISP companies (the businesses responsible for delivering Internet service), is permission to provide a tiered Internet service plan. The proposed plan will allow users to pay ISPs a premium for delivering their content to audiences more quickly. In the race to find an audience, it’s like a company can bribe the ISP to get a head start. Why it’s Important to Keep the Net Neutral Essentially, this will turn the Internet into a “pay to play” situation. Corporations with deep pockets will easily be able to pay the premium to get their content released first, giving them a hugely unfair advantage over the little guys trying to be heard. In fact, if a major corporation happens to deem an independent startup to be a threat, they can potentially pay extra to have their competitor’s message squashed. This new idea totally flies in the face of the entrepreneurial spirit which has allowed so many small startup companies to fairly find success in highly competitive markets. Obviously, this is a big money grab by major Internet providers like ComCast, Time Warner Cable, and Verizon, and they’ve got the giant corporations on their side–especially if these new regulations will give corporations the ability to make it harder for small startups to grow. This much money on the table is a recipe for disaster when mixed with politicians and the freedoms of the little guy. Net Neutrality isn’t Dead Yet! Thankfully, these new and egregious regulations have yet to be passed. Actually, before these new laws can be passed, the FCC has first agreed to hear from the public on this hot-button issue. U.S. citizens have until July 15th to submit their comments about net neutrality. These points will then be considered in an initial round of debates. The public will then have a chance to respond to the initial debate with additional comments that must be submitted by September 10th. Hopefully the outrage of the American people will be louder than the corporate dollars being funneled into Washington D.C. via lobbyists. You don’t want to sit on the sidelines for this issue. If this goes through, it will have negative ramifications for how you consume data that’s important to you, like news and entertainment, as well as how your small business gets its message out. What are your feelings about net neutrality? Share them with us in the comments! Search the Blog Archives. Small Business Owner? How to Choose Tech Support How Can You Encrypt Files and Folders in Windows 10, 8 or 7? Microsoft Office 365 and Your Business: Boost Productivity with the Right Tech Tools Are You Still On Windows 7? If So – Microsoft Will Be Contacting You Microsoft’s Hyper-V Server 2019 Finally Released: Here’s What You Need to Know Not Sure About The Latest Technology?We Can Help! Ask a member of the NTConnections team any technology question you have Fill out the form to the right. Note: NTConnections will never sell, rent, share, lease, loan or give away your confidential information. Your information is safe with us. 1840 Michael Faraday Dr Suite 302 Reston, Virginia 20190 ⇒ NavigateHome It’s About You Your Services Help A Colleague © 2019 NTConnections. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy \| Sitemap	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1473
__label__wiki	0.968199	0.968199	Martin Luther King Jr.’s son says Trump doesn’t understand why we honor his civil rights leader father By Leonard Greene President Trump gives Isaac Newton Farris, Jr. the pen he used to sign a proclamation to honor Martin Luther King, Jr. Day in the Roosevelt Room Friday at the White House. (Mark Wilson/Getty Images) President Trump was merely following a script when he read and signed a proclamation honoring the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the slain civil rights leader's son told the Daily News. Trump lost any "credibility" and authority he might have had to talk about the icon when he said only a day earlier that people from Haiti, El Salvador and some African nations had come from "shithole countries," Martin Luther King III said. "When you make a statement like you made yesterday, the question is: 'Do you even understand why we have a Martin Luther King holiday?'" King told The News on Friday. "Today he's doing what the script told him to do. Yesterday caused him to lose any level of credibility. You can talk about Martin Luther King. But the hope is you would hear and embrace what he had to say." Even after being excoriated by Republicans and Democrats over the vulgar remarks about immigrants, Trump awkwardly sang the praises of the civil rights leader, calling him a "great American hero." After inking the proclamation for Monday's holiday, King's birthday, Trump said, " This is a great and important day. Martin Luther King, Jr., Federal Holiday 2018, by the President of the United States of America, a proclamation. Congratulations to him and to everybody." Trump made no mention of the controversial remark, and ignored a question from Urban Radio Networks reporter April Ryan, who asked, "Are you a racist?" Also at the proclamation event was King's nephew, Isaac Newton Farris Jr., who spoke about the dreamer's legacy. "If my uncle were here today, the first thing he would say is, what are we or what are you doing for others?" Farris said. nydn instagram The life of Martin Luther King, Jr. King's son said Trump's behavior reminded him of President Reagan's reluctance to sign the bill establishing a holiday in his father's name. "When the right amount of public pressure is put on anyone, at some point they have to respond to the people," King said. King, whose father's "I Have a Dream" speech stirred the nation's conscience, gave his own assessment of the state of the union. "We are not further away from the dream, but we are still quite a ways away," King said. "We are a divided nation. We are segregated in some regards. We still need to address racism. We are still are a racial society, but the majority of people do not harbor racist feelings." King was 10 when a sniper's bullet killed his father in Memphis nearly 50 years ago. His own daughter is 9. "I reflect on what it would have been like to have a father for more years," King said. "Everything is about putting things in place for her and generations yet unborn." King said Trump's agenda could backfire. "This is potentially creating a movement," King said. "No one wants to be mistreated. When you look at the women who have spoken out, who would have thought there would be an avalanche coming? No one. This could be an interesting year." King is scheduled to speak at the 4th annual Long Island Legacy Gala in Brentwood on Saturday.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1475
__label__wiki	0.986194	0.986194	Business Day\|Merck Paid for Medical ‘Journal’ Without Disclosure Merck Paid for Medical ‘Journal’ Without Disclosure By NATASHA SINGER MAY 13, 2009 Pharmaceutical companies routinely offer doctors reprints of articles from medical journals that are favorable to their products. But news of a Merck-sponsored publication for doctors in Australia, that has come to light in a personal injury lawsuit there over Vioxx, has raised eyebrows in international medical publishing. From 2002 through 2005, the Australian affiliate of Merck paid the Australian office of Elsevier, an academic publisher, to publish eight compilations of scientific articles under the title Australasian Journal of Bone and Joint Medicine, a spokesman for Elsevier said. The Merck marketing compilation was unusual in that it looked like an independent peer-reviewed medical journal. It even called itself a “journal,” without indicating in any of the issues that Merck had paid for it. “I believe that many doctors reviewing the journal would likely believe it to be a peer-reviewed medical journal, and rely upon the contents as they would upon other journals they read,” said Robert J. Donovan, an expert witness for the plaintiff, according to a deposition statement. Mr. Donovan, a professor of social marketing at the Curtin Business School at Curtin University of Technology in Western Australia, said that while some of the articles did appear to be reprinted from actual peer-reviewed publications, the origins of others was unclear. The Merck-sponsored publication is among the evidence in the Australian trial in which the lead plaintiff in a class action suit alleges, among other things, that the company used misleading and deceptive marketing strategies in promoting Vioxx. Nine of 29 articles in the second issue of the journal referred positively to Vioxx, and an additional 12 articles referred positively to another Merck drug, Fosamax, a bone treatment, Mr. Donovan said. An Australian physician, Dr. James V. Bertouch, testified on May 8 that he had been surprised to find his name listed in the first issue without his permission as a member of the journal’s editorial board, and had asked to have his named removed from the publication. Elsevier issued a statement last week acknowledging that its Australian office had created paid-for compilations “that were made to look like medical journals and lacked the proper disclosures” of their drug company sponsors and calling such practices “unacceptable.” A company spokesman said Elsevier believed that one of the Merck issues was distributed to 20,000 doctors in Australia while other issues went to about 10,000 doctors. In a statement, Merck said that the articles had been reprinted from peer-reviewed journals. Such journals routinely include articles about research sponsored by companies. Merck also said that it agreed with Elsevier about the importance of appropriate disclosure of financial support. Later issues of the journal carried a disclaimer that the publication primarily contained company-sponsored articles, Merck said. A 2004 issue of the journal, obtained by a reporter, acknowledged company-sponsored articles. The disclaimer, however, did not name the company.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1476
__label__wiki	0.924438	0.924438	N.Y. / Region\|She Finds Refuge in Art https://nyti.ms/vZIXV9 She Finds Refuge in Art By COREY KILGANNON DEC. 9, 2011 Asperger's inspired Leironica Hawkins's comic book. Credit Julie Glassberg for The New York Times Leironica Hawkins recalls always having “social problems, sensory issues and bouts of depression,” while growing up in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, as well as behavioral tics like self-rocking and involuntary hand twitches. Finally, at age 28, she was given a diagnosis: Asperger’s syndrome, a form of autism, for which she has never received treatment. After many years of family turmoil, short-lived jobs and psychiatric difficulties, Ms. Hawkins was released by a hospital nine months ago to a Lower East Side shelter, where homeless people with handicaps live four to a room. The yelling, the perfumes and air fresheners, the byzantine regulations: it all led to her feeling trapped and anxious. So she adopted a daily routine of leaving early in the morning and returning for the 10 p.m. curfew. She spends her days walking the cacophonous corridors of Manhattan, and has grown adept at finding its nodes of serenity. She takes refuge in museums — especially the Metropolitan Museum of Art — libraries, art galleries and “anywhere I can go for free that will calm me down,” she said. She wears ear plugs, avoids rush hours and passes up crowded trains. In recent months, she has used public library computers to research Asperger’s and to browse listings for jobs and rented rooms. After a systematic search of many New York Public Library branches, she found the Grand Central branch, on 46th Street between Lexington and Third Avenues, to be the quietest. But three months ago, panic set in: She noticed a sign in the library soliciting artwork for display in the library. Ms. Hawkins had always found escape in drawing comics. And she had talent. An eighth-grade teacher made one of her cartoons into T-shirts for the whole class. She got into Art and Design High School and then briefly attended Pratt Institute. As an adult, she did fewer drawings after she smuggled her portfolio into a comics convention and pushed it into the hands of the legendary Stan Lee. He never called. But now there was this sign, and opportunity was calling. Several panic attacks later, she resolved to create a comic book about her condition, and to submit it to the library branch. At night, she took to slipping out of her shelter bed and locking herself in the shower. Sitting on the shower floor, she taped her sketch-paper to the tile walls, put her headphones on, and worked for hours. She ignored the knocks on the door, and sometimes redrew the same picture 10 times — a repetitive behavior typical of Asperger’s. “I was feeling trapped and the creativity helped bring me a lot of confidence,” Ms. Hawkins said. “It was a way for me to say I’m eligible for something.” “This wasn’t just a comic — it was a journey,” she said. “It changed me as a person.” She emerged last month with a 22-page comic book, “Asperger’s Syndrome: An Invisible Disability,” which caught the fancy of the branch manager, Jyna Scheeren. The comic went up on the walls, where it will be on display until Dec. 30. “It represents what the library is about,” Ms. Scheeren said, “lifelong learning and bringing different people together. I’d love to see it as a book.” The comedic story line acts as something of a primer on the condition, with three teenage characters with Asperger’s, including the autobiographical Andrea, a klutz who has problems multi-tasking and following the boss’s directions. She cannot hold a job and at one point throws a furious tantrum and punches holes in a door, and then loses her job and her apartment. Many drawings and story elements are based on Ms. Hawkins’s life, including a scene from a nightmare of a job at a Brooklyn Heights cafe. For research, she sketched and photographed people and places to use as models for the comic. She forced herself past her panic and approached strangers. The juggler in Union Square taught her some skills and became the inspiration for the scene in which Andrea is seen juggling impossible tasks at work. The cute clarinetist in the fedora near Union Square became a main character, as did the teenagers in the St. Marks Place pizza shop. A man in an art store gave Ms. Hawkins a discount upon hearing about her project. “I had to get past my fears of approaching people, but the New Yorkers I met were open and friendly and their energy helped me along,” she said on Wednesday as she walked along rainy, crowded Lexington Avenue. She stepped into a coffee shop but could not decide what to order. Back on the street, she winced as an ambulance screamed by. It was raining hard, but she had seven hours to kill before curfew. “I guess I’ll go up to the Metropolitan Museum of Art,” she said, and disappeared into the crowd in the rain. A version of this article appears in print on December 11, 2011, on Page MB4 of the New York edition with the headline: She Finds Refuge in Art. Order Reprints\| Today's Paper\|Subscribe A column about the people who make New York City distinctive. Professor Roller Coaster SEP 6 Guarding the Throats of Broadway AUG 8 Grandstand Scorekeeper Roots for Extra Innings JUL 26 The Hudson Swimmer Manhole Impressionist	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1477
__label__wiki	0.939769	0.939769	Europe\|The Vatican: Pope Sends New Year’s Greetings to Jews World Briefing \| Europe The Vatican: Pope Sends New Year’s Greetings to Jews By Elisabetta Povoledo Pope Francis on Monday wished Jews worldwide a “sweet and peaceful” Rosh Hashana, which is the Jewish New Year, citing “important decisions lying ahead.” The pope also called for “increased dialogue among the world’s religious communities” and pledged to oppose restrictions on religious freedom, according to a statement released by the World Jewish Congress after a private meeting at the Vatican. Ronald S. Lauder, president of the Jewish group, said the pope’s leadership had “given a new momentum to relations with Judaism.” He said of the Roman Catholic Church that the “leadership of successive popes over the past five decades has helped to overcome a lot of prejudice.” At the meeting the pope also said the Vatican would investigate the ban on the religious slaughter of animals in Poland, which has incensed Jews. A version of this article appears in print on , Section A, Page 11 of the New York edition with the headline: The Vatican: Pope Sends New Year’s Greetings to Jews. Order Reprints \| Today’s Paper \| Subscribe	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1478
__label__wiki	0.931942	0.931942	Movies\|Hindered by Geography but Surmounting It Hindered by Geography but Surmounting It A screening of “Towheads” as part of the Rooftop Films series.CreditCreditBenjamin Norman for The New York Times By A.O. Scott The Times’s chief film critics, A. O. Scott and Manohla Dargis, offer suggestions for renewing the Film Society of Lincoln Center. It is easy enough to quibble with — or to celebrate — the Film Society of Lincoln Center’s programming choices and publicity efforts. There are too many wheezy national-cinema omnibuses and too few genuinely adventurous offerings. But then again, there are annual treasures like Film Comment Selects, the Making Waves series on Romanian cinema and the venerable and vigorous New York Film Festival, the seed from which the Film Society sprouted. Any organization that has survived for so long with such broad and lofty ambitions will be a mixed bag. But the society faces challenges that lie beyond the fluctuations of its event calendar. Its deeper, structural problems result in large measure from geography, architecture and the changing demographics of New York’s film culture. The Film Society is literally, physically alienated from its audience. Its largest screening space, the Walter Reade Theater — one of the finest movie-watching rooms the city, thanks to a high ceiling, steeply banked seats, a large screen and superb projection — is perched above the north side of 65th street, far from Lincoln Center’s other attractions, like an unwelcome in-law shoved into the attic. The Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center, with its street-level box office and lively cafe, is a bit more welcoming, even if its three screening rooms are on the small side. But both sites feel like nooks and crannies, marginal to the grand cultural endeavor that defines this venerable mass of travertine, glass and high-cultural aspiration. A brunch and a performance by the Newton Gang before a showing of “Tombstone” at the Nitehawk Cinema.CreditMichael Nagle for The New York Times The surrounding neighborhood has also slipped away from the Film Society. The Upper West Side was once dotted with revival houses and art cinemas. Lincoln Plaza Cinemas, just across Broadway from Lincoln Center, is a proud remnant of that era of cinephilia. And the area was also once an outpost of Manhattan’s middle-class bohemia, where herds of would-be intellectuals grazed in used-book stores and argued in coffee shops. It was not quite Greenwich Village, but it was a short subway ride away. Now the blocks between Central Park and the Hudson are given over mostly to stockbrokers and grandmothers, and the city’s center of cultural gravity has swung south and east, to Lower Manhattan, Brooklyn and bubbling pockets of Queens. In those areas, where the Film Society should be seeking out its public, it finds competition: from established nonprofit institutions like the Brooklyn Academy of Music, Film Forum and the Museum of the Moving Image, which are surrounded by the bars, boutiques and brunch spots that can extend a trip to the movies into a day- or evening-long adventure; from new theaters and pop-up programs like Nitehawk Cinema in Williamsburg and the Gowanus-based Rooftop Films; and from the Tribeca Film Festival and its satellites. The success of all these enterprises is evidence that people — including young people — will still leave the house to see a film. But it also points to an obstacle that has always distinguished the Film Society from its Lincoln Center kin, which is that filmgoers have lots of other places to go. The Metropolitan Opera, New York City Ballet, American Ballet Theater and the New York Philharmonic are unique institutions, able to attract both the patronage of the donor class and the loyalty of fans. The Film Society enjoys no such monopoly, and apart from the New York Film Festival — a glittery two-week party for philanthropists and rank-and-file movie buffs alike — it seems perpetually unsure of how to cultivate a passionate constituency. There is no easy solution. The Film Society is unlikely to uproot itself from its recently expanded home on 65th Street. But it needs — as a matter of programming, marketing, media strategy and philosophy — to venture beyond the walls of the castle. It is interesting to note that most of the institutions that dominate Lincoln Center invoke the city in their names. The Film Society provides an address, which is not quite enough. The Met and the Philharmonic belong to New York, and are confident that it will come to them. The Film Society needs to move in the other direction, and rediscover a public that it has too long ignored and taken for granted. A version of this article appears in print on , Section AR, Page 10 of the New York edition with the headline: Hindered by Geography but Surmounting It. Order Reprints \| Today’s Paper \| Subscribe Ignore the Young at Your Peril Prescriptions for a Cinema Refuge	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1479
__label__wiki	0.732736	0.732736	“Rapunzel of Horses” Conquers Internet with Her Gorgeous Blonde Mane By Spooky onDecember 7th, 2018 Category: Animals Storm, an eight-year-old Haflinger mare from the Netherlands, has become a star on social media networks like Instagram thanks to her long, wavy locks. 24-year-old student and entrepreneur Naomi Beckers bought Storm from her previous owner two years ago after falling in love with her incredible hair, which interestingly, closely resembles her own blonde, curly locks. The gorgeous mare hand’t had her hair cut since she was only two-years-old, and she already had a decent number of social media fans when Naomi got her. So she decided to set up a new Instagram account where Storm’s human admirers could follow her progress, but never imagined it would become so popular. Storm’s Instagram now has nearly 35,000 followers, making her one of the most popular horses on the photo-sharing social network. This Dead Leaf Is Actually a Live Moth Mimicking a Dead Leaf When it comes to the art of camouflage, few creatures can match Uropyia meticulodina, a small moth capable of mimicking a dead, curled up leaf almost to perfection. From a mantis that mimics a harmless orchid to attract prey, to a caterpillar that looks like a snake to fend off predators and birds camouflaged as toxic caterpillars, we’ve featured some truly impressive natural mimics in the past, but the Uropyia meticulodina moth may just be the best one yet. Its resemblance to a dead leaf curled round in on itself complete with tiny leaf-like veins is just uncanny. If not for video evidence that this moth is real, I could have sworn it was just the work of a skilled image editing artist. Scientists Discover Frightening Species of Wasp That Turns Spiders into Zombies The Amazon rainforest is home to many frightening creatures, like giant Anacondas, flesh-eating piranhas, just to name a couple, and now you can add a new one to the list, a species of wasp that lays its eggs on the abdomen of spiders and then hijacks their brain, essentially turning them into zombies. The previously unknown wasp of the Zatypota genus was discovered by researchers with the University of British Columbia (UBC) working in the Ecuadorian Amazon basin. They documented its symbiotic relationship with a species of so called “social spiders” and recently published some truly terrifying findings in the Ecological Entomology scientific journal. This newly discovered wasp is apparently able to hijack the nervous system of its host, forcing it to leave its colony, which it otherwise rarely does, protect the wasps larva and ultimately get eaten alive. It essentially turns the social spider into a zombie-like drone that then does the wasp’s bidding. Australian Families Living a Nightmare as Thousands of Bats Drop Dead in Their Yards Due to Heatwave By Spooky onDecember 3rd, 2018 Category: Animals Dozens of families in and around the city of Cairns, in Australia, have been forced to temporarily abandon their homes after flying foxes started dropping dead on their properties due to the unbearable heat. Cairns residents started reporting massive numbers of spectacled flying foxes dropping out of trees on Monday, when temperatures in Australia’s Queensland region rose to above 40 degrees Celsius. According to animal experts, the nocturnal mammals cannot sustain an internal temperature of over 40 degrees, and with no way to cool off, their organs start to shut down and they eventually die. Wildlife rescuers have been working around the clock, using using spray bottles and drippers too cool off and hydrate the helpless creatures, but there’s only so much they can do. The flying fox colonies in the Cairns area have already sustained heavy losses and the number of fatalities is expected to rise for as long as the heatwave continues. But apart from the environmental issues, the massive number of dead bats rotting away so close to people’s houses has now become a become a serious public health issue as well. Meet Knickers, the Giant Bull That’s Too Big for Slaughter By Spooky onNovember 28th, 2018 Category: Animals Photos of a giant black and white bovine towering over other cows have been doing the rounds online for the last couple of days, making people do a double take. The animal looks so huge that you really couldn’t blame the many people claiming that the photos are photoshopped, but they’re wrong. He’s just Knickers the giant bull that’s too big for slaughter. Knickers, a 194cm-tall, 1,400kg-heavy Holstein Friesian steer, became the talk of the internet these last couple of days after photos of him towering over a heard of Wagyu cows on a farm in Myalup, Australia went viral. He looked so big compared to the other cattle that a lot of people started questioning if he was real, or just the result of photo editing. But then videos showing this bovine giant in all his glory started showing up online, and there was no more room for doubt. Yes, Knickers is just that big, in fact, he is believed to be the biggest steer in Australia, a country home to millions of cattle. ‘Pet Psychic’ Claims She Can Communicate with Animals, Both Alive And Dead, Despite Being Allergic to Them Researchers have long been looking for ways to communicate with animals, but one ‘pet psychic’ from upstate New York claims she’s been doing just that for around 15 years. For a fee, she can tell pet owners what their animals are thinking, what they like and dislike, regardless of whether they’re alive or dead. One of the most interesting things about Shira Plotzker’s career as a pet psychic is how it began a decade and a half ago. She was already working as a psychic and medium for humans, and was also well versed in tarot card reading and numerology, but while watching pet psychic Sonya Fitzpatrick display her talents during a TV show on Animal Planet, Shira realized that she too could hear what the animal was thinking. Imagine that… Since then, telepathic communication with pets – both alive and dead – has become a lucrative side business for Plotzker, who claims that there are plenty of pet owners who would gladly pay her fee of $100 per 30-minute session to hear what their animals have to say. Rare White Lion To Be Auctioned Off to Hunters Looking for Easy Trophies By Spooky onNovember 21st, 2018 Category: Animals The South African Government has sparked outrage around the world after it was reported that it plans to auction off a confiscated white lion to raise funds for the country’s nation conservation department. Animal activists claim that the buyers will likely be wealthy hunters looking for easy trophies or businessmen involved in the lion bone trade. Mufasa the white lion was confiscated as a cub from a private owner three years ago, and placed in the care of WildForLife, an animal rehabilitation charity in northern South Africa. Despite numerous requests to have Mufasa relocated to a wildlife conservation sanctuary which offered to care for Mufasa and his companion, Suraya, free of charge for the rest of their lives, government officials refused. To make matters worse, a few months ago WildForLife was notified by the South African Government that the rare white lion was going to be auctioned off to private buyers in order to raise funds for the nature conservation department. The charity has been involved in a legal battle to save Mufasa ever since. Cats Try and Fail to Enter Japanese Museum for Two Years, Become Internet Stars Instead Two cute felines who have been trying to enter an art museum in Hiroshima, Japan, a few times a week for the past two years recently went viral online. The cats have yet to get past the guards at the museum’s front door, but their persistence has earned them the adoration of millions of people. This adorable cat-and-guard game started back in 2016, when the Onomichi City Museum of Art in Hiroshima hosted a cat photography exhibition called ‘Cats – Mitsuaki Iwago Photography Exhibition’. Among the many human visitors who came to admire this collection of photos of street cats in various poses, there was also a black cat who, just like everyone else, tried to access the museum through the front door. However the vigilant guard on duty spotted it and shooed it away. The cute scene was captured by Twitter user @mikusuke, who later posted photos of it online. They got thousands of likes and comments, but there’s really nothing unusual about cat pics going viral. What no one anticipated however, was the black cat’s persistence. For some reason it has been coming back to the museum and trying to get inside every week for the past two years, and at one point it even brought a friend. 7-Year-Old Boy Sleeps, Bathes and Plays with Deadly Snakes Devesh Adivasi, a 7-year-old boy from rural Madhya Pradesh, in central India, has some very unusual best friends. For the past four years, he has been going into the jungle near his village and coming back with all kinds of snakes, some of them poisonous, that he plays, bathes and eats with. So far, he hasn’t been bitten once. The boy’s family says that his fascination with snakes started when he was 3 years old, after dreaming about the slithering reptiles one night. Next morning, he told his parents about it, but they didn’t think much of it until they saw him running into the jungle near their village and later coming out with two snakes in hand. The reptiles slithered all over his body, but they didn’t bite him. Since that day, Devesh has been going into the jungle almost every day and bringing back new friends to play with. He keeps them for a few days, bathes and sleeps with them, massages them with oil and then releases them back into the jungle. The Bunny Harvestman – A Tiny Arachnid Shaped Like a Dog’s Head By Spooky onNovember 8th, 2018 Category: Animals Looking at these incredible photos, you’d be forgiven for thinking that they’ve been edited to make the body of a spider look like a black dog’s head, but this is what the tiny Bunny Harvestman actually looks like. Independent scientist Andreas Kay took these incredible photographs of a Bunny Harvestman in the Amazonian forests of Ecuador back in 2017, but they only recently went viral online, and for good reason. They show the bizarrely-shaped body of the tiny arachnid in such great detail that it’s hard to believe that this is a real creature and not the work of Photoshop. Russian Man Shares One-Room Apartment with Full-Grown Pet Wolf A Russian man has become so attached to a wolf that he adopted as a small pup that when he had to leave his old home and move into an apartment in the big city of Volgograd, he took the wolf with him. Ivan L. and his daughter have been sharing their home with Gray, a full grown wild wolf, for several years now. It was easier when they lived in Astrakhan, but things got considerably more complicated when they had to move into a one-room apartment on the first floor of a nine-story building in Volgograd. Still, despite facing many challenges, they managed to make it work, and Ivan says he couldn’t imagine his life without his beloved pet. “Terminator” Dog Escapes Its Enclosure, Kills Over 600 Chickens in One Night A pet husky recently got his owner in trouble after escaping its enclosure, going into a neighboring farm and spending an entire night killing chickens. Chinese media reports that the owner of a chicken farm in Ningguo, China’s Anhui province, burst into tears on the morning of October 29, after going to check on the birds and finding the coop littered with lifeless bodies. The first thoughts that went through his mind were that someone had killed most of his chickens out of spite, or that some wild animal had made its way inside and decimated the birds. But after checking around his farm for clues, the man actually found the perpetrator – his neighbor’s husky dog with a dead chicken in its mouth. Mexico’s “Dog Man” Travels the Country Rescuing Stray Dogs By Spooky onNovember 1st, 2018 Category: Animals Edgardo “Perros” Zuniga has been travelling all around Mexico on a tricycle, looking for abandoned and injured dogs to rescue and put up for adoption. He has rescued over 400 dogs in the last 5 years. When he left his home in Jalisco in 2013, 48-year-old Edgardo set a very clear goal for himself – to help as many stray dogs as he possible could. Over the last five years, he has travelled through 14 Mexican states and rescued over 400 abandoned dogs, by nursing them back to health and later placing them in the hands of staff at various adoption centers. He also helped dogs that weren’t eligible for adoption, by treating their illnesses, feeding them and doing everything in his power to improve their lives before continuing his journey. He travels with a pack of loyal dogs that make up his ‘rescue team’ and that he claims make his job a lot easier by showing the strays he encounters that they can trust him. These Cat Anti-Scratching Boots Look More Like Feline Torture Devices By Spooky onOctober 29th, 2018 Category: Animals If you’ve been looking for a way to prevent your pet cat from scratching you whenever you try to bathe or groom it, maybe try these bizarre anti-scratching boots. Don’t expect your beloved pet to thank you, though. The first time I saw these adjustable anti-scratching boots for cats on Chinese online marketplace Aliexpress, I thought they were a prank, but it turns that they are a real product designed to help pet owners seal off their cats’ paws and prevent scratching completely. They are supposed to be used for certain situations like bathing, nail clipping or visits to the vet, but I know a few people crazy enough to leave these plastic contraptions on for long periods of time just to make sure their cat doesn’t ruin the living room sofa. The Parasitic Fly That Eats Bumble Bees from the Inside and Forces Them to Dig Their Own Graves As if habitat loss and pesticide exposure weren’t enough to deal with for bumble bees, they also face increasing pressure from a parasitic fly that attacks them midair, injects them with eggs with hatch larvae which proceed to eat the pollinators from the inside before finally forcing them to dig their own graves. It sounds like something out of a body snatchers horror movie, but the conopid fly is very much a real-life threat for bumble bee colonies already under a lot of pressure from human activities. The conopid fly is classified as a parasitoid, a parasite that not only feeds on its host, but ends up killing it in a gruesome, terrifying way. We’ve featured creepy body snatchers in the past, some that turn their host into zombies, others that simply take control of their bodies but leave their brains intact, but the conopid fly is even worse. It literally eats bumble bees from the inside, before somehow forcing them to land on the ground and dig a whole to die in. The injected parasite grows inside the host and ultimately bursts out of it as a mature conopid fly that attacks other bumble bees and continues this nightmarish cycle.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1480
__label__wiki	0.815496	0.815496	Singapore Office Space Investment Sales & Rental Jasmine Vincent GuocoLand unveils Tanjong Pagar plans It posts net loss of $13.3m for Q3 due to higher project construction costs [SINGAPORE] Despite what has been described in some quarters as onerous property cooling measures, GuocoLand is upbeat about the prospects for its first integrated mixed-use development, located above the Tanjong Pagar MRT station. Slated for completion in 2016, Tanjong Pagar Centre is an integrated development comprising Grade A offices, residential apartments, a luxury business hotel, retail space and a sheltered event space in Tanjong Pagar City Park. With floor space totalling 1.7 million sq ft, the project will feature Guoco Tower, a 38-storey Grade A office block, six levels of retail and food and beverage (F&B) space, as well as a luxury business hotel. TP180, which will feature fewer than 200 apartments ranging from one- to four-bedroom units and penthouses, will sit above Guoco Tower. This will be the tallest residential block in Singapore, starting at 180m (equivalent to 50 residential storeys up), and reaching up to 290m. GuocoLand aims to launch its residential component in the second half of the year. The retail mall, which is about 100,000 sq ft, will focus on F&B outlets and comprise high-end restaurants, trendy bistros, affordable eateries and, potentially, a food court. It will aim to be a one-stop convenience spot for people who live and work in the area, said Trina Loh, the group managing director, GuocoLand (Singapore). "What sets this apart is that the project caters to both the central business district (CBD) and the residential community within the area. Most mixed developments are in new areas, but this is in an existing community," she said. The offices will feature large floor plate and column-free spaces of between 25,000 and 29,000 sq ft. Ms Loh said: "Tanjong Pagar Centre signals a transformed portfolio for GuocoLand in Singapore. It will expand our focus on commercial properties in Singapore, and reaffirm our position as a developer of large-scale integrated developments here and in the region." The group is on the lookout for more opportunities, although it will focus its attention on sites within the CBD. "At this point, we will be focusing on the CBD because, for mixed integrated developments like this, it makes sense to be in the CBD. But we always look for unique features. In this case, we can build the tallest building in Singapore!" said Ms Loh. Tanjong Pagar Centre is GuocoLand's first large-scale integrated mixed-use project here, but the group already has a portfolio of mixed-use developments in China, Malaysia and Vietnam. The Employees Provident Fund (EPF), a pension fund in Malaysia, holds a 20 per cent stake in Tanjong Pagar Centre. The project will be designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), which is behind buildings such as the Burj Khalifa in Dubai, Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai and One World Trade Center in New York City. Separately, GuocoLand announced that it had clocked a net loss attributable to owners of $13.3 million for the third quarter ended March, reversing a net profit of $162 million from a year ago. This was mainly due to additional construction cost recorded for Goodwood Residence and Sophia Residence. Estimated completion cost for the two projects increased as a result of the change in projects' main contractors. Nevertheless, both projects remain profitable. Revenue fell 12 per cent to $92.4 million from $104.5 million a year ago. GuocoLand's counter gained 2 cents, or 0.9 per cent, to end trading at $2.28. Source: Business Times 3 May 2013 Newer PostTanjong Pagar Centre set to be tallest building at 290m Older PostBright Chambers sold for $45m Strata Sale Building Sale Redevelopment / En-bloc URA Master Plan Government Land Sales (GLS) We're ready to find the right office for you. Let's have a chat Jasmine Vincent, 71 Robinson Road #13-01, Singapore 068895+65 6403 4083hello@officescout.com.sg © 2019 Jasmine Vincent \| Privacy Policy \| Terms and Conditions \| Disclaimer	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1482
__label__wiki	0.814009	0.814009	Nader: We need a new Iran, not a new nuclear agreement By Alireza NaderLos Angeles Times Jul 12, 2019 at 12:55 PM Jul 12, 2019 at 12:55 PM The old way of dealing with the Islamic Republic of Iran will no longer work. The regime’s march toward a nuclear weapons capability is not only a threat to U.S. national security interests, but global peace. And merely engaging the regime and hoping for its evolution is completely unrealistic. The regime has announced that it will no longer abide by key restrictions imposed by the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, otherwise known as the Iran nuclear deal. The regime is now enriching uranium above the level allowed under the agreement and has indicated it could easily increase enrichment levels to 20%, bringing it closer to a nuclear weapons capability. Critics have blamed the Trump administration for the regime’s belligerent behavior, not only on the nuclear issue, but also for attacks carried out on international shipping in the Persian Gulf. While the current phase of confrontation was precipitated by the U.S. withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal in mid-2018, the Obama administration’s Iran policy deserves much blame for the worsening international crisis. The nuclear agreement was built on a weak foundation. While restricting Iran’s ability to enrich uranium, it nevertheless contained major flaws, including dangerous sunset clauses and toleration of the regime’s ballistic missile program. Even worse, the Obama administration’s policy failed to contain and roll back the regime’s expanding regional influence, particularly in Syria and Iraq, which allowed the Islamic Republic to build a formidable military infrastructure on Israel’s northern border. But perhaps more tragically, the Obama administration did not support the 2009 massive Green Movement political uprising. A time of great vulnerability for the regime, the uprising provided the U.S. with an ideal opportunity to further undermine a deeply hated regime and gain even more U.S. leverage in nuclear negotiations. Instead, millions of Iranians protesting the fraudulent reelection of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad were met with a stony silence from Washington, a decision senior Obama officials, including former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, later said they regretted. Encouraged by the 2013 election of Hassan Rouhani as president of Iran, Washington falsely hoped that the nuclear agreement would moderate the regime’s behavior and lead to real reform in Iran. Neither happened. Instead, Rouhani helped expand the regime’s power across the Middle East and horrific human rights abuses in Iran. The Trump administration’s withdrawal from the JCPOA and the imposition of U.S. sanctions has had a devastating impact on Iran’s economy and the regime’s ability to finance its malign activities across the Middle East. The U.S. withdrawal has put the regime in a corner in which it must choose between its destructive activities, including building up its nuclear enrichment program, or potentially face a massive revolt much like the 2009 uprising. The regime is already the weakest and most unpopular it has ever been within Iran and throughout the Middle East. In December 2017, more than 100 Iranian cities witnessed demonstrations calling for an end to the Islamic Republic. Since then, a broad barandazan (regime overthrow) movement has emerged that not only rejects the absolute rule of Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, but the concept of reforms and “moderation” espoused by such figures as former President Mohammad Khatami and Rouhani. Many of the demonstrations since 2017 have even called for the return to Iran of Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi, in exile since 1979. The regime remains weak, but also quite dangerous. The march toward nuclear weapons capability and attacks on international shipping are heavy-handed attempts to gain more leverage in any new negotiations. Khamenei has only one real card to play: the threat of war to scare the American public, Europe and major oil customers such as Japan into pressuring the Trump administration or a possible future Democratic administration to return to the JCPOA. Nearly every Democratic presidential candidate has urged a U.S. return to the nuclear agreement. But a return to the JCPOA or a new nuclear agreement that does not address sunset clauses that allow the Islamic Republic a full-scale industrial-scale enrichment program once the agreement ends; the missile program; and the regime’s malign behavior is guaranteed to fail. U.S. policy toward Iran cannot be just about the nuclear program. It must take into account 40 years of unrelenting regime hostility and the demands of the Iranian people for freedom from Khamenei’s dictatorship. The Trump administration and its Democratic opponents would be wise to demand not only greater nuclear restrictions, but fundamental political changes entailing freedom and prosperity for all Iranians, not just a select group of Revolutionary Guards and ruling clerics. The Islamic Republic, much like the corrupt and bankrupt former Soviet Union, is destined to fail. The U.S. has a moral duty and the strategic imperative to help Iranians in their peaceful civil disobedience campaign by providing rhetorical and material support to dissidents. The fight against the Khamenei regime’s tyranny is in principle the same as the fight against Soviet tyranny. The best deal for the United States is not a new nuclear agreement, but an entirely new Iran. Alireza Nader is the founder of New Iran, a nonprofit and nonpartisan advocacy organization.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1486
__label__cc	0.630009	0.369991	OpEdNews Op Eds 4/17/2010 at 12:40:54 H2'ed 4/17/10 Taxes, Nuclear Weapons and Opportunity By robert dodge (Page 1 of 1 pages) (# of views) 1 comment Each April 15, the nation funds its priorities. The budget confirmed by Congress and signed by the president tells the country and the world where our priorities lie, from health, education, social welfare to environmental safeguarding, national defense and nuclear weapons programs. In regard to nuclear weapons programs, almost all agree that nuclear weapons are weapons that cannot and must not be used. Yet, we maintain arsenals on alert status with a potential to destroy life as we know it. The cost of all programs maintaining, delivering and defending these arsenals exceeds $52 billion annually with increased budget requests proposed by President Barack Obama for fiscal year 2011. For our cities and counties, expenditures on nuclear weapon programs come at time of reduced revenues when critical programs are being underfunded. Expenditures range from Portland, Ore., at $96 million to Portland, Maine, at $11.3 million to Los Angeles County at $1.6 billion. These dollars could go much further in providing our future security as an investment in the health, education and safety of our citizens. This budget outlay for nuclear programs occurs at arguably the most significant time in the nuclear age. Obama, joined by U.S. statesmen of both parties and heads of state and leaders, have voiced support for a world without nuclear weapons. This past week we have seen the release of the Nuclear Posture Review. The NPR redefines the role of nuclear weapons in our security. This review sets the tone for the next steps in the weeks and months ahead. Last Thursday, Obama met Russian President Dmitry Medvedev to sign the START follow-up treaty. This treaty cuts the deployed strategic warheads of each side to 1,550. Most important, the U.S. and Russia, whose combined arsenals contain over 95 percent of the global nuclear stockpiles, are having serious dialogue on the future of nuclear weapons. This week, the President convened a Washington summit of world leaders to discuss the future of nuclear weapons and the securing of global nuclear materials. This leads up to May's nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty conference at the United Nations. These initiatives provide renewed energy and the possibility to move the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty forward. This would cease nuclear testing the world over. As citizens, we must urge our Senators and elected officials to ratify the START treaty and support these initiatives. Our children's future and the fate of the planet depend upon it. We must not fall prey to the myths that we can continue on our current path and survive, that someone else will take care of it, or that we can't make a difference. As we work together to realize a world without nuclear weapons, there will come a day when the budget will fund the true priorities of our communities. What are you willing to do to help make that day a reality? -- Robert Dodge, M.D., of Ventura is a board member and Peace and Security ambassador for Physicians for Social Responsibility Los Angeles; a board member for Beyond War and leader of the Beyond War Nuclear Weapons Abolition Team; and co-chairman of Citizens for Peaceful Resolutions. robert dodge Social Media Pages: Robert Dodge is the father of 3 sons. He is a family physician in Ventura, California. He serves on the board of Physicians for Social Responsibility Los Angeles and is president of the Ventura County Chapter. He also serves on the board of (more...) Related Topic(s): Funding; Nuclear Disarmament; Nuclear Powers; Nuclear Proliferation; Nuclear Regulatory Commissionn; Nuclear Technology Theft; Nuclear WMD; Nuclear Weapons; Peace; Peace; (more...) Peace; Start; Taxes; Weapons; Weapons Ban Treaties; Weapons Testing, Add Tags (less...) 63 Years after Hiroshima and Nagasaki, "The Last Best Chance" Martin Luther King, Barack Obama, and Our Nuclear Future The Earth Charter: A Declaration of Interdependence Remembering the Dawn of the Nuclear Age Obama and the U.N: Securing Our Future "Rob Kall is a social media force of nature. Accessible, insightful and forward thinking. Bottom-Up provides the kind of cutting-edge and savvy thinking that will move anyone's business forward at an accelerating pace. Highly recommended" Jonathan Maberry, New York Times best-selling author, editor, and lecturer	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1488
__label__cc	0.636376	0.363624	Lost in Suburbia: The return of Super Grillman Tracy Beckerman More Content now Jun 5, 2019 at 9:29 AM Jun 5, 2019 at 9:29 AM When we moved to the suburbs 22 years ago, a superhero was born. He couldn’t leap tall buildings with a single bound, but not long after we moved in, my husband became empowered with delusions of barbeque grandeur. He took on the alter ego, Super Grillman, had his own monogrammed, titanium grill tools case, and wore a costume, or rather, an apron, in red, white, and blue imprinted with an “S” and a “G” on it. Not content to practice his craft on your everyday, run-of-the-mill grill, he let the grill gurus at the grill store talk him into something they called the Pinnacle of Grill Greatness because it could grill, smoke, or rotisserie your meat to perfection. It was truly the grill of the gods, and my husband, no longer a mere mortal, was now akin to Thor, the god of thunder, or in this case, the god of BTUs. Instead of a hammer, my husband ruled with a mighty spatula. Super Grillman was blissful in his grill existence. But then the unthinkable happened. We moved to the city, and sadly, found out they don’t allow grills on the balconies of high-rise apartments. Something about a fire code and the risk of burning the whole building down, or whatever. Suddenly, Super Grillman was out of a job. “It’s not me I’m worried about,” he said. “It’s you. You will never again know the joy of my exceptional barbeque.” I decided that now would not be the best time to tell him that more often than not, his exceptional barbeque presentations looked less like a medium rare burger and more closely resembled a charcoal briquette. Still, I felt bad that Super Grillman was now a superhero without a cause. Hoping to find a way for him to exercise his superpowers in our new kitchen, I consulted some cookbooks and websites to learn how to get that burnt barbeque goodness without a barbeque. This is when I found out about the cast iron pan. Apparently, once you season it (which involves oiling it and baking it a number of times) you can get a similar sear on your meat that you could get on a barbeque. I was thrilled that my husband would be able to get the same grill satisfaction he’d had in the ‘burbs. I figured, this is exactly the way they used to do it in the wild, wild west, and if it was good enough for Billy the Kid, it was good enough for Super Grillman. My husband, however, was dubious. “I don’t know,” he said reluctantly. “Super Cast Iron Pan Man just doesn’t have the same ring to it.” “Just think of it as expanding your galactic grilling empire,” I advised him. So, one day, Super Grillman went to the local butcher and bought two nice steaks. He fired up the cast iron pans and set out his steaks for their sear. Everything was looking great until we realized the apartment had begun to fill with smoke. We opened all the windows, but to no avail. Within minutes, the smoke alarm began blaring and we could not figure out how to turn it off. And then the dog began howling along with the smoke alarm. We knew it was mere moments before the super police came in and gave us a super citation for disturbing the peace. But just then our doorbell rang. I opened it to see our new neighbor standing there with a broom. She came into our apartment, swung the broom at the smoke alarm. and knocked it off the ceiling. Then she calmly walked over to the still blaring smoke alarm and removed the battery. “Wow, Thank you so much!” I said. “How did you know what to do?” She gestured across the hall into her apartment where I could see a man in an apron fussing about in her kitchen. “Allow me to introduce my husband,” she said. “Super Stir Fry Man.” For more Lost in Suburbia, Follow Tracy on Facebook at www.facebook.com/LostinSuburbiaFanPage and Twitter @TracyBeckerman.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1494
__label__wiki	0.507161	0.507161	Egyptian Court Sentences Mubarak To 3 Years In Prison For Corruption : The Two-Way Deposed Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and his sons were charged with embezzling millions of dollars in public funds. Egyptian Court Sentences Mubarak To 3 Years In Prison For Corruption Bill Chappell Ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, sitting in a defendants cage, waves during a court hearing Wednesday. He and two sons were sentenced to jail on corruption charges. Hassan Mohammed/AP hide caption Hassan Mohammed/AP Ousted Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, sitting in a defendants cage, waves during a court hearing Wednesday. He and two sons were sentenced to jail on corruption charges. Deposed Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak has been sentenced to three years in prison and a fine, after a court found him guilty of embezzling public money. Mubarak's sons, Alaa and Gamal, were given four-year sentences; the three were accused of using public funds to pay for work on their own property. The criminal court in Cairo ordered the three to pay a fine of nearly $3 million. "Mubarak and his sons were convicted over accusations that they used about $17 million of state money to spruce up private properties," reports NPR's Leila Fadel in Cairo. "They are also accused of falsifying documents to cover up the stolen money." The case doesn't end Mubarak's legal troubles. Mubarak, 86, has been "under house arrest at a military hospital since August pending retrial in a case of complicity in killing protesters during the 2011 uprising that ended his rule," as Reuters reports. Egypt will hold national elections next week. Many expect Mubarak's former military intelligence chief Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who recently resigned from his post leading the defense ministry, to win the presidency.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1495
__label__wiki	0.700637	0.700637	Interviews: Giant Panda Released to the Wild Friday is a big day for one of the most charismatic animals on Earth: the giant panda. Native to central China, the black-and-white bear was almost driven to extinction -- now one bred in captivity has been released back into the wild. Interviews: Giant Panda Released to the Wild Radio Expeditions < Interviews: Giant Panda Released to the Wild April 28, 20068:18 AM ET MADELEINE BRAND, host: This is DAY TO DAY from NPR News. I'm Madeleine Brand. ALEX CHADWICK, host: And I'm Alex Chadwick. And it is a big day for one of the most charismatic animals on earth, the giant panda. It's native to central China but was almost driven extinct there before a conservation program began 40 years ago. BRAND: It took a long time just to breed the animal successfully in captivity. Now, today, Chinese researchers are releasing Xiang Xiang, a panda born and raised in captivity, into the wild. CHADWICK: When that panda lumbers up a hillside and into a stand of sheltering bamboo, he will carry with him the hope for the survival of the species. For this National Geographic Radio Expeditions interview, we called the director of the Wolong Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China. He is Zhang Hemin, a wildlife biologist, and when he talks about Xiang Xiang, he sounds like a proud father. Mr. ZHANG HEMIN (Director, Wolong Nature Reserve) Three years ago, we chose Xiang Xiang for trading. So he got learning how to avoid the natural enemy and how to select the food habitat and also the territory of himself. So it's very good. CHADWICK: Zhang, a panda, is really -- it's a bear, and when you say that it has to avoid a natural predator, what could possibly be threatening to a bear? Mr. HEMIN: The natural predator, such as cloud leopard, golden cats, water dogs(ph). CHADWICK: So you say when it's a sub-adult, when it's not yet fully grown... Mr. HEMIN: That's right. That's right. But I doubt -- almost no natural predator but some leech. CHADWICK: A leech. Like a little blood sucking thing. Mr. HEMIN: That's right. Some make some problems with the pandas. CHADWICK: It could make it sick. Mr. HEMIN: Yeah. But they learn how to avoid them, you know. Good sleep beds, you know. CHADWICK: So you have to teach it where -- it has to learn where to sleep so it wouldn't be vulnerable to leeches and insects and that kind of thing. Mr. HEMIN: That's right. CHADWICK: How are you going to monitor Xiang Xiang? Mr. HEMIN: We have a GPS (unintelligible). CHADWICK: So, you'll be able to figure out where the panda is. Mr. HEMIN: Where he's going. Where each day, you know. CHADWICK: And are you going to send people in to follow the panda or just let him go? Mr. HEMIN: We will let him go himself, but each month we have, try to see him, directly, one time. But each... CHADWICK: Try to see him once a month. CHADWICK: How long have you been working at this research facility, Zhang? Mr. HEMIN: Almost 24 years. CHADWICK: So more than 20 years you've been working there. And has it always been your goal to try to release a panda back into the wild? Mr. HEMIN: If it succeeds. I will training many, many of them, each, probably 10 or 20 of them each year to let them go, isolation, population areas. CHADWICK: So if this one succeeds, maybe you think you can save the entire giant panda species by breeding them in captivity and then releasing them into the wild? Mr. HEMIN: This is the best way to protect it, the genetic diversity of the wild pandas. CHADWICK: Promote genetic diversity and take care of the inbreeding problem. Well, this must be the culmination of a really, a great dream for you, then, this day. Mr. HEMIN: That's right. You know, I started the captured panda breeding problem, now the survival rate is 100 percent in my reserve. The population in captivity increase a lot. So my final goal is to let them going back to help the wild panda population. That's my final goal. CHADWICK: Well, Zhang Hemin, this is a great day for you and congratulations for your work with the pandas. Mr. HEMIN: Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. CHADWICK: Zhang Hemin is director of the Wolong Nature Reserve in China where a panda born in captivity is released into the wild today for the first time, and we do have pictures of this panda at our website, npr.org.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1496
__label__wiki	0.739455	0.739455	‘We Don’t Have Light’ POLL: Majority of Mexicans Supports Deportation of Central American Migrants The Rise of the Chinese-American Right In a United Nations Report, a Socialist Details Venezuela’s Horrors The Unmade Case against China A Noble Goal: No More Czars No More Czars: An Open Russian, Part II A Fascinating Life (All Too) He Gambled His Life: An Open Russian, Part I India’s Narendra Modi Poses a Greater Threat to Liberalism Than Trump Does This Captive Nations Week, America Must Stand with Those Struggling for Freedom around the World Vincent Lambert and the Cry of the Voiceless Hong Kong: A Free City, under a Shadow What to Make of the U.K. Ambassador’s Tiff with Trump Which Tory PM Candidate Has the Better Answers? About Kevin D. Williamson A street during a blackout in Caracas, Venezuela, March 8, 2019. (Carlos Garcia Rawlins) The lights have been out for a while in Venezuela, but none of this should surprise us. We have literally seen this before. New York City collapsed in 1977. There were 1,557 murders in the city that year, more than twice the number there had been ten years earlier. That awful trend would continue to get worse until the city hit its homicidal apex in 1991, with 2,245 murders, but the shadow — the literal shadow — of 1977 continued to loom over the city. Anno Domini 1977 saw the nation as a whole suffering from stagflation, and New York City in particular was crippled by a financial crisis following years of misgovernment heavy on policies that lately have enjoyed a revival: tuition-free education at City University of New York, substantial growth in public-sector personnel spending, big deficits financed by potentially volatile securities, short-term emergency financing, etc. Against that background of chaos and desperation, the so-called Son of Sam serial killer commanded the headlines as a brutally hot July settled over the simmering city. And then the lights went out. The 1977 blackout saw New York City burn. Arsonists attacked 31 neighborhoods in the city, burning down a five-block commercial stretch in Crown Heights with 75 stores. Bushwick was still burning the next morning. Hundreds of stores were looted, and a Bronx Pontiac dealership was relieved of most of its new-car inventory. Hundreds of police officers were injured in the riots, and thousands of looters were arrested. Thousands had to be evacuated from stalled subway cars. And New Yorkers were trapped: The tunnels had to be closed down as the ventilation failed, and the airports were closed. Mayor Abe Beame described it as a “night of terror.” ConEd, the municipal monopoly utility, called the event an “act of God.” But it was no such thing. The situation of New York City was the result of the acts of men — and their hubris. New York City was not alone. On the other side of the Atlantic, London had found itself in much the same situation, along with the United Kingdom at large. It was the high-water mark of British socialism, with strikes crippling the country, rampant inflation crippling the economy, and the attempt to impose wage-and-price controls in response making things even worse. Homes lost their heat, hospitals were running on batteries or ceasing to operate at all, transportation came to a standstill. The 1970s saw much of the notional radicalism of the 1960s put into actual practice in the United States and the United Kingdom, producing a terrible alloy of étatist command-and-control economics, cultural libertinism, and delusional liberationist policies touching everything from law enforcement to mental health — it was the golden age of “deinstitutionalization,” the results of which can be seen and smelled and heard raving on the streets of any U.S. city today — all under the watchful eyes of powerful public-sector unions and related interest groups. In short, it was a time of permissiveness in all the things requiring rigor and regimentation in all the things requiring liberalism. The blackouts in the United States and the United Kingdom were emblems of the despair of that time and, more pertinent, of the failure of the political ideas that shaped those years. But there were others: Gasoline rationing and hours-long waits at fuel stations come to mind. In the United Kingdom and the United States, the rejection of that arrogant and dysfunctional étatism resulted in the elections of Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, respectively, and in support for their broadly deregulatory, market-oriented reform agendas. But it is in the nature of human beings to forget. When Hugo Chávez came to power in Venezuela, progressive activists in the United States and the Democratic politicians allied with them lionized him as a rebuke to American capitalism and its excesses, celebrating him as a people’s champion and the leader of an authentically popular movement. Philadelphia Democrat Chaka Fattah accepted the gift of a few gallons of heating oil from the Chávez-run state oil company and sang hymns to the great dictator, thanking him “and the Venezuelan people for their benevolence.” New York Democrat Jose Serrano later eulogized the Venezuelan strongman as a hero who “understood democracy and basic human desires for a dignified life. His legacy in his nation, and in the hemisphere, will be assured as the people he inspired continue to strive for a better life for the poor and downtrodden.” Joseph Kennedy suggested that those critical of Democrats who accepted the patronage of the Chávez regime were countenancing “a crime against humanity.” The usual suspects — Sean Penn, Oliver Stone, Michael Moore — came to sit at his feet. Under Chávez’s successor caudillo, Nicolás Maduro, things got worse, but Jesse Myerson of Rolling Stone assured his fellow Millennial socialists that Venezuela’s economic program was “basically terrific.” There was no food, medicine, toilet paper, etc., and people were reduced to eating pets and zoo animals, and opposition leaders were disappeared in midnight raids, but Myerson insisted that Venezuela’s “electoral system’s integrity puts the U.S.’s to abject shame.” The lights have been out for a while in Venezuela. People are dying in Venezuelan hospitals because there isn’t enough electricity to run the dialysis machines and other necessary pieces of equipment. People are starving because food cannot be refrigerated or transported. Looting is common. The police crackdowns and political retaliation are brutal. As one Venezuelan put it, literally and perhaps more poetically than intended: “We don’t have light.” None of this should surprise us. Not in New York. Not in London. We have literally seen this before. And where are American progressives? On Maduro’s side of the barricades, to a depressing extent. The failure of what Bernie Sanders likes to call “democratic socialism” in Venezuela cannot be forthrightly admitted lest they come to discredit Democrats’ domestic political ambitions. What has, say, the average columnist at The Nation learned from this brutality and privation? “The left wing of the Democratic Party needs to sharpen its crisis-response message,” writes Greg Grandin, “to figure out a way to use such moments to put forth a compelling counter-vision to the bipartisan foreign-policy establishment.” As long as the suffering of the Venezuelan people can be used for something! If it helps Ilhan Omar, then at least it will not have been entirely in vain. Some shadows are very long indeed, and some darkness almost impenetrable. Kevin D. Williamson is the roving correspondent for National Review and the author of The Smallest Minority: Independent Thinking in an Age of Mob Politics.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1497
__label__cc	0.735061	0.264939	Lisa J. Acevedo Lindsay R. Dailey Mary Buckley Tobin Mary Kathryn Curry Communications, Media & Internet Lawsuit Under Illinois Biometric Law Does Not Require Harm In a unanimous decision, the Illinois Supreme Court found that a Six Flags pass holder had a valid claim as an “aggrieved person” under the Illinois Biometric Privacy Act of 2008 (“BIPA”), hence having the right to bring an action for damage under BIPA for actual or liquidated damages, whichever amount is greater, despite not alleging actual harm. The case originally arose out of Six Flags collection of the thumbprints of the plaintiff’s son after he purchased a season pass for the theme park on a school field trip. BIPA is the most stringent statute in the nation regulating biometric information and applies to the collection, use, safeguarding, handling, storage, retention and destruction of biometric identifiers and biometric information. BIPA creates a private right of action for a person aggrieved by a violation of the statute, with damages ranging from liquidated damages of $1,000 or actual damages for a negligent violation (whichever is greater), to liquidated damages of $5,000 or actual damages for an intentional or reckless violation (whichever is greater). Attorney’s fees and litigation costs or other relief, including an injunction, are also permitted under the statute. The law was enacted in response to the growing use of biometrics in the business and security screening sectors, and in recognition of the fact that biometrics are unlike other unique identifiers used to access finances or other sensitive information. The plaintiff, in this case, did not allege that the thumbprints were stolen or misused as a result of their collection by Six Flags. Rather, the complaint alleged Six Flags violated BIPA by: Collecting and storing biometric data from the plaintiff’s son without informing her or her son in writing that the information was being collected or stored. Failing to inform the plaintiff or her son of the purpose for which the information was collected or length of time it would be kept or used. Failing to obtain a written release executed by the plaintiff or her son before collecting the information. Six Flags argued that the plaintiff did not have a claim under BIPA because plaintiff did not allege that any harm resulted from the collection of her son’s thumbprints, so was not an “aggrieved person” under BIPA with standing to bring the action. In support, the defendant relied on the Illinois Appellate Court’s holding at the appellate level, 2017 IL App (2d) 170317, that indicated a defendant’s technical violation of the statute was not enough for a plaintiff to pursue damages as an aggrieved person under the act. At the appellate level, the court held that an injury or adverse effect must be alleged, and that it need not be pecuniary but must be more than a “technical violation of the Act.” The court found that an “aggrieved person” under BIPA need not have “sustained actual damage beyond violation of his or her rights under the Act in order to bring an action under it.” The court reasoned that this definition of aggrieved is consistent with definitions of aggrieved in the dictionary, as well as other Illinois court decisions. The court also looked to the intent of BIPA, stating that the intent of the legislature was to “try to head off such problems before they occur,” by safeguarding privacy rights in biometric information before they can be compromised, as well as subjecting those who do not comply with the law’s requirements to liability. The court reasoned, “[w]hen private entities face liability for failure to comply with the law’s requirements without requiring affected individuals or customers to show some injury beyond violation of their statutory rights, those entities have the strongest possible incentive to conform to the law and prevent problems before they occur and cannot be undone.“ Requiring individuals to sustain injury before they can seek relief “would be completely antithetical to the Act’s preventative and deterrent purposes.” This decision will likely have far-reaching implications for companies collecting biometric data from a variety of individuals and in a number of contexts. An increasing number of companies are electing to utilize biometric data in a variety of new ways to create efficiencies, such as for timekeeping purposes for employees to clock in and out. The Six Flags case serves as a reminder to ensure strict compliance with BIPA. Included in these requirements is obtaining consent from individuals, establishing a retention schedule and guidelines for destroying biometric identifiers, and informing individuals not only of the collection, but also what it is being used for and how it is being retained (including the length of time that biometric data is being stored). Companies are also required to develop a written policy that establishes guidelines for the collection and destruction of biometric data under BIPA’s requirement. © Polsinelli PC, Polsinelli LLP in California En Banc Ninth Circuit Reinstates and Clarifies Standard for Nationwide Class Action Settlement Chancery Court Interprets the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act Eighth Circuit Finds that Telemarketer’s Plausible Belief of Consent to Calls Supports Radical Reduction of Statutory Damages Award Lisa Acevedo provides strategic counsel in the areas of federal health privacy laws, including HIPAA, as amended by the HITECH Act, FERPA, the Confidentiality of Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Records Regulation, as well as state laws governing the confidentiality of health information, medical records, mental health records, and records containing other highly sensitive information. She has assisted clients through security breaches and the notification process, both at the federal and state levels. She guides clients through the... lacevedo@polsinelli.com www.polsinelli.com Lindsay Dailey serves clients at the intersection of healthcare regulatory and privacy/data security compliance. Prior to joining the firm, Lindsay worked with the American Medical Association, American Dental Association, and Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago. This in-house experience in corporate compliance and regulatory issues serves her practice and her clients well - in fact, she spent over a year in-house secunded to the Privacy Office of a firm client, a national retail pharmacy chain. Lindsay graduated law school with a certificate in Health Law, and she was formerly a legal extern with the Illinois Office of Health Information Technology. She now serves on Polsinelli’s Privacy & Data Security team, leveraging her in-house and privacy experience to assist clients with a variety of healthcare regulatory compliance issues, particularly in the healthcare technology industry. Her experience in counseling clients on HIPAA, HITECH, and related federal and state privacy laws, combined with her focus in healthcare technology, allows her to provide unique insight to clients implementing or expanding data systems, utilizing mobile applications, and storing/transmitting PHI or other data via the cloud. Lindsay has represented public, private, and non-profit companies in the health care, medical device, technology, telecommunications, banking, and retail industries in various matters, including assisting clients with: Drafting privacy, security and online privacy policies to comply with federal and state privacy laws Advising on domestic and international data privacy and security compliance Breach and security counseling, including audit response, risk analysis and risk management strategy, and mitigation Negotiating business associate agreements for covered entities, business associates and subcontractors/vendors Drafting privacy and confidentiality language in cloud service, data center, and software agreements Medical device product development and design, contract negotiations, and management of vendor relationships Developing contract templates, model language and internal policies to create business efficiencies HIPAA/Health Information Privacy and Security Health Care Technology & Innovation Privacy and Cybersecurity J.D., Loyola University Chicago School of Law, 2012, Annals of Health Law Journal, CALI Award; Phi Alpha Delta Legal Fraternity; Dean's List B.A., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009, Honors; Bar Jurisdictions Illinois, 2012 ldailey@polsinelli.com Mary Buckley Tobin is an associate in the Health Care Operations practice group. Her practice focuses on regulatory issues affecting health care providers, including reimbursement, fraud and abuse and clinical research. Mary advises health care providers and practitioners on a variety of complex regulatory and compliance issues, including: • Licensing rules • Telehealth reimbursement rules • Fraud and abuse laws, including Stark Law, Anti-kickback statues and False Claims Act •... mtobin@polsinelli.com www.polsinelli.com/intelligence Mary Curry is dedicated to helping clients efficiently and effectively address their litigation needs. As a member of the firm's Labor and Employment practice, Mary represents employers across a variety of industries. She has extensive experience working on employment related cases, from wage and hour matters, discrimination and harassment claims, as well as E.R.I.S.A. and administrative actions. Her experience litigating employment-related cases in federal and state courts, as well as administrative agencies has sharpened her ability to provide effective, accurate... mkcurry@polsinelli.com www.polsinellionprivacy.com	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1498
__label__cc	0.729142	0.270858	Narrow-leaved Ragwort Narrow-leaved Ragwort - Senecio inaequidens A shrubby herb to about 60 cm high. The plant consists of a highly branched stem, woody at its base, with many, mostly slender, linear leaves (1 to 7 mm in width), and lemon-yellow flower heads up to 25 mm in diameter. The species displays a fair amount of variability in leaf shape and width. Other ragworts ID guidance Linear leaf-segments, less than 5mm wide Recording advice Photograph of the whole plant, showing leaves as well as flowers (which are very similar to the flowers of other Senecio) Alongside major roads, railway tracks, car parks, pavement cracks, waste places and demolition sites. It can also be found in more natural habitats, particularly close to the sea. Perennial. Becoming well established in Britain. Stace (1997) described it as naturalised in one site in Kent and accurately predicted that it would soon spread. Although still concentrated in southern England, this plant is now found here and there all over England, north Wales and even in one or two places in Scotland Rare in Leicestershire and Rutland. It was not recorded in the 1979 Flora survey of Leicestershire. There were only three records for this species in Leicestershire up to 2010. In the current checklist (Jeeves 2011) it is listed as Alien; casual Steven Lewis	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1499
__label__wiki	0.785147	0.785147	What's really worth watching "Hunger Games" Teaser Shows Katniss Shooting Arrows, Running Through Burning Forest By Scott Ross Published Aug 28, 2011 at 8:48 PM \| Updated at 11:42 AM PDT on May 30, 2012 Receive the latest popcornbiz updates in your inbox Here it is, "Hunger Games" fans--your first proper teaser for the next big thing, which debuted during tonight's MTV Video Music Awards. Based on Suzanne Collins' popular series of novels, the movie stars Jennifer Lawrence as Katniss, a young girl living in a future world where children are forced to fight to the death. If you don't know anything about the books, this clip isn't terribly helpful, but compared to the teaser for the teaser that was out earlier this week, it was like seeing the whole film The film, loaded with co-stars--Josh Hutcherson, Elizabeth Banks, Liam Hemsworth, Woody Harrelson, Stanley Tucci and a few million more, opens March 23.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1500
__label__wiki	0.897105	0.897105	Get ready for Trump to spin the Mueller report Analysis: The president can't hide the special counsel's findings — and he may not want to — but no matter what they are, he will frame them as a vindication. The Mueller Report will come out. Like President Trump himself has said, that might be exactly what he wants.Isaac Brekken / Getty Images file March 23, 2019, 10:00 AM UTC By Jonathan Allen WASHINGTON — Like any master showman, President Donald Trump surely knows the goods can't stay hidden from the audience forever. The Mueller Report will come out. There's pressure from Trump's presidential rivals and from Congress — the House recently voted unanimously for its release. The president himself has said he favors putting it out. And there's a long history of government documents, from the Pentagon Papers to the Iran/Contra report and the Starr report, making their way into the public domain through authorized release, congressional dump and just plain old leaking. Trump quiet about Mueller report as Democratic 2020 hopefuls call for transparency March 23, 201901:57 Like Trump himself said, that might be exactly what he wants. If he's exonerated, he'll be the first to shout "NO COLLUSION!" from the Twitter mountaintops and from campaign rallies in the valleys of the Midwest. "Without an indictment against him, Trump is going to hammer home the waste of time, taxpayer money and resources to prove that he was right all along and that he did nothing wrong," said Ron Bonjean, a veteran Republican strategist who helped shepherd Supreme Court Justice Neil Gorsuch through the Senate confirmation process. Download the NBC News mobile app for breaking news alerts and full coverage of the Mueller report. Trump may do that even if the report casts brutal aspersions on his activities and those of his family and friends — or if it delivers a mixed bag of reasons that special counsel Robert Mueller declined to prosecute certain individuals in the Trump orbit. After all, Trump's no stranger to spin. The bottom line for him, and for GOP voters, is that Mueller didn't file charges against him. PoliticsThe Mueller investigation: Drinks, hacked emails and a probe into the president But without seeing the report, it's hard to know at this time whether the decision not to prosecute amounts to a vindication for Trump, said former federal prosecutor Joyce White Vance. "If Mueller declined to prosecute because there was insufficient evidence, that's hardly exoneration," she said. "And if he didn't indict Trump only because of the (Justice Department) policy against indicting a sitting president, that's as far from a clean bill of health as you can get." The only way to get answers, she said, is if Attorney General William Barr turns everything over. Even then, she added, "Trump would do well to remember the 'collusion' is not the only crime in the federal code and that there are ongoing investigations, including of his inauguration, his businesses and his foundation, in multiple jurisdictions — he is still 'Individual 1' in a (U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York) indictment." Democrats are just beginning a sprawling set of probes on Capitol Hill, and they are certain to use whatever kernels they can find in the Mueller report and whatever dirt they turn up with subpoenas and oversight hearings to try to convince the electorate that Trump is unfit for a second term. How will President Trump respond to Mueller report? They may even try to impeach him in the House. But the bar for removing the president from office — already high because it would take 20 Republican senators to flip on Trump — will be much higher absent an independent investigator finding criminal wrongdoing on his part. It's hard to imagine the report won't be made public — and soon. If not, Trump's re-election campaign would undoubtedly be hamstrung by the kind of unanswered questions that dogged Hillary Clinton about her e-mails in the 2016 campaign. Though Democrats, including the 2020 presidential candidates, were quick to demand the report's release, there was support for that position on the Republican side of the aisle in Congress, too. "Attorney General Barr should release the report to the public as soon as possible, while accommodating national security considerations," Sen. Susan Collins, R-Maine, said in a statement released Friday night. Trump himself said earlier this week: "Let it come out. Let people see it." If the report clears him — or if he's able to effectively portray it that way — he will no doubt be emboldened in his dealings with his own Justice Department, other federal agencies and Congress, a scenario that portends even more brutal fights between a president who is already unabashed in his attacks against Washington norms, institutions and political players of both parties. "If you come at the king, you best not miss," Bonjean said. "Trump is going to be unleashed in a way we haven't seen before — with a renewed fury." Jonathan Allen is a Washington-based national political reporter for NBC News who focuses on the presidency.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1501
__label__wiki	0.546155	0.546155	The Child Who reading guide In November 1993, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson were convicted of the murder of James Bulger. They were ten years old when they committed the crime; eleven by the time of the trial. S In November 1993, Jon Venables and Robert Thompson were convicted of the murder of James Bulger. They were ten years old when they committed the crime; eleven by the time of the trial. Seventeen years later, after both boys (now men) had served their sentences, Jon Venables was returned to prison on charges you can’t have failed to read about in the national press. It was during this more recent furore that I decided to write The Child Who. Specifically, it was as I listened to a man named Laurence Lee being interviewed on Radio 4’s PM programme. Lee was Venables’s solicitor during the Bulger trial. He had no professional involvement in the 2010 case against Venables. At the time of the interview, I’m not sure the details of the charges were even publically known. But what was clear from Lee’s tone – which struck me as considered, weary and, above all, upset – was how emotionally engaged with Venables’s fate he remained. Lee knew Venables. When Venables was ten, it had been Lee’s job to gain the boy’s trust; to spend hours, as I later discovered, playing computer games and darts matches with him in an effort to get him to open up. I’ve never spoken to Lee, I feel I must stress. I deliberately decided, as I wrote the book, not to try and contact him. But what became obvious to me as I listened to Lee being interviewed was that his life, from the moment he first encountered Venables, was irrevocably changed. And for all the countless column inches that his former client’s crimes have inspired, few have had the opportunity Lee has had to examine and understand what really went wrong. There are no definitive answers to this question, of course. But what infuriated me as I started my research into the Bulger case, the Mary Bell trial and other similar cases, was how reluctant so many people seemed to be, in more general terms, even to ask it. I began to get a sense of why Lee, on the radio, had sounded so weary. It was after five; maybe he’d simply had a long day. But maybe, too, he was tired of the sensationalism, the puddle-deep journalism that seeks to answer, in rapid-fire bullet points, ‘WHY KIDS KILL!’. And worse: since the Bulger trial, we (at least in England) seem to have gone backwards. At the time Venables and Thompson were put on trial, the courts were still obliged to consider whether a child aged fourteen or under was able to tell right from wrong (yes, was the answer in the cases of Venables and Thompson). Today in England, this is a done deal. If you’re ten (in Scotland it’s twelve, up recently from eight), you’re legally responsible. You’re not old enough to smoke, to have sex, to get a tattoo: the assumption is that the decision would be emotionally beyond you. But if you break the law, you know exactly what you’re doing. This is the main reason The Child Who is set when it is. There is a back story, of course (Daniel’s story; the bulk of the book), as well as a contemporary strand, but for all my research about the Bulger case in particular, I wanted events in the novel to take place at a time existing legislation applied. The book is about Leo Curtice and his family – about the effects of Leo’s involvement in such a high-profile and emotionally engaging case – but it is also about his perspective of the law. He is forced to consider, virtually for the first time in his career, how things could be done differently. How, for all our sakes, they could be made better. Questions for discussion: 1. After Leo’s first meeting with Daniel Blake, he describes his client to his colleagues as looking ‘[just] like a scared little boy’. Why do you think this provokes such a scathing reaction, even before Daniel has been convicted of a crime? 2. Leo is warned by his boss that the Daniel Blake case will be ‘like nothing you have experienced before’. Why is Leo so quick to dismiss Howard’s concerns? Is he being naive? Reckless? Or realistic that the public will realise he is not necessarily ‘on Daniel Blake’s side’? 3. With increasing intensity, Megan asks Leo to give up the case. Is she entitled to ask? Is Leo entitled to refuse? 4. What is your reaction to Daniel’s experiences at school, as recounted to Leo by Daniel’s former head teacher? Where do you think the responsibility for Daniel’s failure to integrate at school lies? 5. In his dealings with Daniel, does Leo overstep his professional responsibilities? Does he neglect his personal ones? How much sympathy do you have for him in his attempt to balance the two? 6. Leo tells Daniel, ‘I think, if you plead guilty, you’d be taking on more than you deserve to. I think you’d be letting the rest of us off the hook.’ What does he mean by this? Is he right? 7. Does Leo miss any signs that Ellie’s troubles are more serious than he has assumed? How would you, in his position, have reacted to the evidence of her distress differently? 8. In spite of his actions, is Vincent Blake a good man? Would you say he is motivated by selfish or selfless concerns? 9. Who, ultimately, is to blame for Daniel’s crime? Do you feel, as Leo seems to, that Daniel Blake should be considered a victim too? Who else in the book, other than Felicity, might also be considered a victim? 10. Restorative/reparative justice is an approach to justice that focuses on the needs of the victims, the offender and the wider community, typically involving dialogue between the parties involved. Around the time of the James Bulger case in England, for example, there was a similar case in Norway. The young offenders, rather than being prosecuted, remained in their community and were treated with compassion and counselling. Would such an approach work in the UK? Should it be tried?	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1509
__label__wiki	0.974901	0.974901	Google Woos Book Publishers By Stacy Cowley The publishing industry's top annual showcase and networking conference, Book Expo America (BEA), is a massive affair that brings together authors, publishers of all sizes, librarians, agents, distributors, and virtually everyone else connected in any way to the book publishing field. This year, Google made its first appearance, using last week's show in New York to publicize its new Google Print venture and to recruit publishers into the fold. Google Print technically remains in beta, but the service went live in October and began accepting submissions. Google's goal is to extend its information-organizing ethos to the offline world by offering searchable copies of as many books as possible. The company's approach is two-pronged: A publishers' program solicits commercial books, while Google's Library Project is working with five major libraries to scan their collections and make portions of them available to Web surfers. Google won't say how many staffers are devoted to the ambitious project, but Google Print Product Marketing Manager Jennifer Grant says she was initially surprised at the devotion Google's founders to the fledgling, and likely very expensive, service. "It really goes to the heart of what the company does: making the world's information available," she says. Copyright Concerns Digital copies of creative works are an intellectual-property-rights minefield, and Google has attracted protest from groups including the Association of American University Presses, which views the Library Project as a potentially massive bastion of copyright infringement. Unsurprisingly, Google was eager to spread the word at BEA about its tactics for protecting intellectual property. For example, only tiny snippets--no more than a few lines--of Library Project books still in copyright will be revealed to Web surfers. Web searchers receive greater access to books submitted by publishers and can view several pages at a time of those, but Google's software blocks users from seeing more than 20 percent of any individual, copyright-protected work. Google's booth drew steady traffic from publishers considering offering their books. Google's hook for publishers is that its service can be a marketing aid: Google Print hits turn up in the results displayed for searches at Google.com, potentially bringing relevant books to the attention of those who wouldn't otherwise discover them. Google also displays ads on its book-results pages and splits the revenue with the book's publisher. Per Aspera Press Publisher Karawynn Long stopped by the booth to enroll several books from her Seattle small press, which focuses on speculative fiction. She considered the intellectual-property implications of making Per Aspera's books available through the service, but decided the exposure Google offers is worth any risks involved in giving potential readers an advance peek. "For our type of book, literary fiction, I don't think there's much in the way of cons," Long says. "I can see it being different for other types of books--cookbooks, for example." Long's business partner, Per Aspera Press Managing Editor Jak Koke, says he views the service as especially advantageous for small publishers without lavish marketing budgets, since their books will show up just as prominently in Google's results as mass-market offerings. Koke and Long are enthusiastic about the potential of Google Print to publicize their latest book, "Singularity," a novel that offers a fictional interpretation of a mysterious early 20th-century aerial explosion now referred to as the "Tunguska Event." That phrase is likely to be entered into Google.com by searchers looking for information on the event--the ideal audience for "Singularity," according to Long. Not Convinced But not all of the publishers stopping by Google's booth were won over. Paul Krupin, a Kennewick, Washington-based publisher and writer of business books, says he won't be enrolling his books in the service. "A lot of authors are uncomfortable with it," Krupin says. "If people are seeing the actual content, they may not make the same buying decision. All of us are up in the air about how much you can give to the public before it hurts you." Krupin plans to wait for more data on Google Print's pros and cons. The service could be useful as a marketing tool, Krupin says, but he's uncomfortable with surrendering so much control over how browsers view the books he publishes. "The content slice, the first thing [searchers] see, can color their decisions," he says. "Nobody has really proven harm in this market, but there's potential for it." Google wasn't the first to hit on the idea of making printed books available online. Amazon.com launched its "search inside" feature in 2003, and now claims to offer hundreds of thousands of books. Google's Grant acknowledged that Amazon.com paved the way by starting the conversation with publishers about how to handle intellectual property issues; Google encourages publishers to use the same format for submitting electronic copies of their works to Google as for Amazon.com submissions. Meanwhile, Project Gutenberg began electronically archiving public-domain works way back in 1971. Still, by making a wide range of modern scanned books available not just to online bookstore shoppers but to the entire Web-searching population, Google's Print initiative is the most ambitious project of its kind yet attempted. If it's successful, future Web surfers will be able to retrieve excerpts of best sellers like "The Da Vinci Code" through Google.com, along with copies of 1924's "True Stories of Pioneer Life" from the Bangor Public Library in Maine.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1512
__label__wiki	0.838675	0.838675	Pembrokeshire College, Merlins Bridge, Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, SA61 1SZ Degree Routes Central Training Workbased Courses SFI Funded Courses Community Courses Practical Workshops My College Pembrokeshire College > News > College students help showcase Pembrokeshire College students help showcase Pembrokeshire Posted by: c.royal Pembrokeshire College’s Creative Media students have developed innovative advertising campaigns to promote the best that Pembrokeshire has to offer. As part of their studies, they were tasked to investigate the current trends in advertising in the digital age and come up with ideas to attract visitors through social media channels. Denys Bassett-Jones, the course leader was so impressed with the ideas developed by Lauren Roberts, Brandon Carrasco and Robyn Clift that he asked them to present their work to Dennis O’Connor from Tourism Pembrokeshire. Brandon produced a film exploring some of the less well known areas of the county, whilst Robyn’s film encourages young people to step away from social media and explore the beaches. Lauren’s campaign is aimed at users of Facebook, Instagram and Snapchat and uses an innovative hashtag to capture attention and enable people to find out fun and interesting facts about Pembrokeshire. Following the presentation Dennis commented “We’re delighted to support the work of these young Pembrokeshire College Creative Media students and are impressed with the way they’ve developed their ideas around the theme of tourism. Their work reaches out to younger generation visitors which is an important demographic and they’ve grasped the opportunity to enthusiastically and passionately portray their view of what tourism offers visitors to the county”. Denys added that: “When I originally devised this assignment I had anticipated it would just be an in-house exercise as part of their media course, but I was so blown away by what the students produced I just had to ask Dennis in to see if it could become a live brief project. Giving my students the opportunity to work with real life clients is something I feel very passionate about, and runs through everything we do in the Creative Arts at Pembrokeshire College”. YouTube Links: Copyright © 2018 Pembrokeshire College Dr Barry Walters MSc, PhD, PGCE Pembrokeshire College Principal Barry was appointed interim Principal at Pembrokeshire College in July 2018 having previously been Deputy Principal (March 2012 – June 2018). Following a brief spell teaching computing at Croydon College, he joined Kingston University in 1990. Lecturing in the Business Faculty, he held various posts before becoming acting Head of School of Business Information Management. Whilst at Kingston, he spent a sabbatical period working at Halmstad University, Sweden and in 1989 spent a year, as part of his postgraduate research, working at Xiamen University, China. As a Peer Inspector with Estyn, he has participated in a number of FE College inspections. Barry coaches junior football and rugby and has a general interest in sports. Paula Ellis Pembrokeshire College Corporation Board Paula represents Welsh hospitality on the Peoples 1st Hospitality Accreditation Panel, contributes to the South West Wales Tourism Forum, is a member of the Wales Tourism Alliance, supports the Regional Skills and Learning Partnership Tourism and Hospitality Cluster Group and is a committee member of St David’s Tourist Association. Paula has enjoyed a career of 30 years working in the tourism and hospitality industry. A former further education college student, she pursued her tourism career as a travel agent, overseas tour operator, marketing manager of Cardiff Airport, before moving on to hospitality by working at some of Wales’s leading 4 and 5 star hotels including St David’s Hotel and Spa and Vale Resort, prior to relocating to Pembrokeshire to join St Brides Spa Hotel in 2004. Taking a brief break from hospitality, Paula worked as manager of Oriel y Parc Visitor Centre and Amgueddfa Cymru–National Museum Wales gallery. Since 2014, she is the Group General Manager of The Retreats Group, which operates three of Wales’ leading luxury boutique hotels, Twr y Felin Hotel, Roch Castle and Penrhiw Priory. Jocelyn Llewhellin President of the Pembrokeshire College Advisory Forum Employee of Department of Work and Pensions for 38 years. She was District Manager for the Employment Service in South West Wales, accountable for Jobcentres across Pembrokeshire, Ceredigion and Carmarthenshire. She subsequently became Wales Regional External Relations Manager, working to bring Westminister and Welsh Assembly training and employability policies together for the benefit of those looking for work or who wished to have a career change/advancement. The role also saw her working with employers across Wales to understand skills gaps and employability issues and then to bring that knowledge to the attention of policy makers in the Regional Learning and Skills Partnership and Local Authority service boards. Jocelyn was a member of the Advisory Forum before taking on the presidency in June 2018. Prior to joining DWP worked in various roles in the Private sector and attended Teacher Training College in Weymouth. Passionate about Pembrokeshire she lives locally with her husband and has two grown up children also working and living in the County. Charlie Marsh Julia Rees Leah Gray Andrew Phillips Maria Pena Kate Evan-Hughes Sue Leonard Vice Chairman – Pembrokeshire College Corporation Board Sue is Chief Officer of Pembrokeshire Association of Voluntary Services (PAVS), a position she has held since 2008. Prior to joining PAVS in 2004, Sue worked as a Community Development Officer with PLANED and also gained experience of working with the private sector as Chief Executive of Pembrokeshire Chamber of Commerce. Sue has a strong background in training and development, having worked in the Further Education sector for 12 years. She spent 10 years at Pembrokeshire College, as a lecturer, senior lecturer and programme area manager, before leaving to become a self-employed trainer and consultant. Sue is in her third term of office on the Pembrokeshire College Board, and was appointed as Vice Chair in 2017. She served for 8 years as a member of the Audit Committee and currently chairs the Quality Improvement Committee. Sue is the link governor for Learners & Curriculum. Stan McIlvenny OBE MSc, Dip Corp Gov, CMILT Stan is a Marine Engineer by profession having served on crude, product, gas tankers and also R0-Ro vessels. He has 25 years experience in the port industry as CEO and Company Secretary. He holds an MSc from Edinburgh Napier University in Corporate Leadership, a Post Graduate Diploma in Corporate Governance and recently completed a Post Graduate Diploma in Business & Executive Coaching, both from University College Dublin. In 2003 he was awarded an OBE for services to Economic Development in Northern Ireland. He is currently Chairman of the Haven Waterway Enterprise Zone, Chairman of Warrenpoint Harbour Authority and a member of the Stakeholder and Accountability Committee, a sub committee of the board of Milford Haven Port Authority. Graham Morgan Brought up in Begelly, Graham carved a career in banking with the RBS Group, specialising in support for commercial and business customers. Prior to returning to Wales in 2007, Graham was Head of Business Development for Natwest UK. Between 2009 and 2015, he took over as Director of the Chamber of Commerce in Wales with a specific focus on leveraging connectivity between business, academia and government. Graham currently holds the master franchise for Business Doctors in Wales, specialising in close support for business owners around growth planning, business development and trouble shooting. He is able to draw from 13 years on the Board of Career Wales Mid Glamorgan and Powys Ltd as Chairman. Past time activities include running, mountain biking and skiing. Alongside being the Chairman of Panthers F.C. which is the largest junior football club in Wales. Jon Haswell Director of Resources and S151 Officer for Pembrokeshire County Council and ERW Jon has over 30 years experience working in the public sector, working for five local authorities and the Audit Commission. In his current role, he is responsible for a diverse Directorate which includes all the finance related functions, ICT, procurement, customer services, housing and building maintenance. He is also the Senior Responsible Officer for the Council’s transformation programme and 21st Century Schools programme. Jon has been a Board Member for four years and is also a member of the Audit Committee, utilising his experience gained as a Head of Internal Audit in both English and Welsh local authorities. Professor Iwan Davies Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Internationalisation and External Affairs), Swansea University and Chair of the Global Wales Partnership Professor Davies holds the Hodge Chair in Law at the University and is currently Senior Pro-Vice Chancellor. He is a leading authority on international commercial law and is a Fellow of the Learned Society of Wales. He is Adjunct Professor of International Commercial Law at the World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden and also the Beijing University of Science and Technology and also as Guest Professor of China-ASEAN Research Institute of Guangxi University. He is the Senior Pro-Vice Chancellor leading on the University’s Internationalisation Strategy and also on the development and delivery of Swansea University’s new £450M Bay Campus which includes academic strategy and planning considerations involving external partnerships within the UK and also overseas. Professor Davies holds a number of external roles. He is currently Chair of Global Wales which is a partnership between Universities Wales, British Council, Welsh Government and the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales (HEFCW) that aims to promote Wales through its world-class higher education (HE) sector in priority overseas markets. Cllr Cris Tomos Cris has been heavily involved with community development for over 25 years and has been a volunteer on several organisations & projects – from Treasurer of the local Village Hall to Board Member of 4CG Cooperative – Community owned Car Parks, Retail, Offices. Workshops & Craft Centre who in 2013 also bought the old Police Station and Court House in Cardigan. Cris is the Chair of Cwm Arian Renewable Energy cooperative with plans to develop renewable energy and low carbon solutions for communities in West Wales. Cris received the award of Welsh Co-operator of the Year in 2012 and Welsh Social Enterprise Champion of the year in 2013 Cris supported the community purchase of Tafarn Sinc where 509 people raised over £400,000 to buy the iconic pub in North Pembrokeshire. He works part-time for PLANED in Narberth and as of May 2017, was elected as the county councillor for Crymych ward and is now the Pembrokeshire county council cabinet member for the Environment and the Welsh Language. Chris Martin B Pharm (Hons) FRPharmS D Litt (Honorary) Chairman of the Audit committee and member of the Search and Remuneration Committee A pharmacist by profession Chris is currently Chairman of Milford Haven Port Authority, Non-Executive Advisor for Alliance Healthcare Distribution Ltd, Deputy Chairman of the Bevan Commission (Lead Commissioner for Innovation and EOL care), Vice-Chairman of Life Science Hub Wales Ltd, Trustee and Director of Marie Curie UK, Chairman of the Wales Advisory Board for Marie Curie, a member of Swansea University School of Management Advisory Board, Chairman of the Welsh Government ESNR Audit and Risk Assurance Committee (ARAC), a member of the Welsh Government ARAC and MD of Richam Developments Ltd. He has had a successful career running his own group of independent community pharmacies and worked in the public sector for over 15 years having been Chairman of four separate health organisation in West Wales. Pursuing a portfolio career in the trust port, public, private and charity sector he has recently been awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Swansea University and was given a fellowship by the RPSGB in 2006 for distinction in the profession of pharmacy. Charlie Royal Pembrokeshire College Marketing and Learner Recruitment Manager Charlie Royal is responsible for marketing the College’s provision across, A-levels, diplomas, apprenticeships, degrees, part-time and business courses as well as the College’s commercial activities. Charlie also has responsibility for the College’s Admissions, Learner Voice and International activities. With a Master’s degree in FE Leadership and Management, Charlie has more than 15 years’ experience of FE college marketing and has spent the last eight years at Pembrokeshire College. Prior to working in the FE sector Charlie worked in management roles within the hospitality industry and has a wealth of experience in customer service. Charlie became a staff governor in 2017. Andy Jones is acting Interim Chief Executive at the Port of Milford Haven. Andy joined the Port as Finance Director in 2011, and then in 2014 became the Deputy Chief Executive. Andy is qualified as a Chartered Accountant with PricewaterhouseCoopers in Cardiff before continuing on with the firm in Toronto, Canada. In 2000, he was appointed as Finance Director for a division of S&P500-listed machinery and equipment manufacturing giant Manitowoc. He subsequently moved into an Operations Director role within its commercial cooking equipment business and worked closely with chefs, restaurant owners and food chains such as McDonalds. In 2007, Andy took over as Commercial Director for the Canadian distribution business of Manitowoc, growing the business by double digits each year. In 2009, he started his own successful company focused on providing trusted advisory services to SME business owners, before returning to the UK. Andy is a member of the Haven Waterway Enterprise Board, the CBI Council in Wales and a Trustee Director of the Pilots National Pension Fund. Caroline Oakley (MBE, MA, RN) Chairman of Pembrokeshire College Corporation Board Employee of the NHS for 37 Years. She was Director of Nursing, Quality and Patient Safety for Hywel Dda University Health Board before retiring in July 2016. Prior to this she was Director of Nursing, Hywel Dda NHS Trust April 2007 – October 2009 and Acting CEO, of Pembrokeshire and Derwen NHS Trust, September 2005 – March 2007. Caroline received an MBE in July 2017 for services to the nursing profession and NHS Wales. Caroline was a member of Pembrokeshire College Advisory Forum for 3 years prior to becoming a Board Member in 2016. She became Chairman in 2017. With her wealth of experience she is also the link governor for Safeguarding. Caroline is a trustee for Sandy Bears, which is a children and young people bereavement service. This website uses cookies and asks for your personal data to enhance your browsing experience.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1513
__label__wiki	0.934441	0.934441	Tesla Stock Crosses $150 Per Share on Quarterly Earnings Announcement By Zach McDonald · August 07, 2013 Tesla Motors announced strong quarterly earnings Wednesday and projected continued growth surpassing 40,000 deliveries per year in 2014. Tesla’s total non-adjusted revenue for the second quarter was up 70 percent to $551 million, with net income of $26 million or $0.20 per share. In after-hours trading, investors reversed a 7 percent drop in Tesla’s share price during the day and rallied the stock to record highs above $150 per share. By GAAP (or “Generally Accepted Accounting Practices”) Tesla technically carried a net loss of $31 million for Q2, but one-time payments and costs associated with the cancellation of the 40 kWh edition of the Model S weighed down otherwise strong numbers. The company says it expects GAAP income in Q3 to be closer in line with revenue from sales. So far, Tesla is on pace to deliver 21,000 vehicles in 2013 and says that sales will continue to be constrained only by supply until sometime next year. “We’re striving to become demand limited as opposed to supply limited,” said CEO Elon Musk during a conference call with investors. The biggest area of expansion during the remainder of 2013 will be in foreign markets throughout Europe and Asia. Tesla expects demand exceeding 20,000 vehicles per year in North America, 5,000 per year in Europe and 5,000 per year in Asia, but Musk said his company would hold off on aggressively trying to court demand beyond those targets. “We’re not trying to push [sales] higher than that because it’s kind of pointless to push production when you can’t meet it.” Musk blamed production limitations on the part of suppliers for bottlenecking growth but said that Tesla will continue to work with its current partners and add new ones to keep pace with demand. Though investors peppered the conference with questions about future releases like the Model X and the highly anticipated $35,000 sedan, Musk said that capital expenditures on the X wouldn’t begin to pick up until early next year, when Tesla will begin to buy new tooling equipment as it works towards production. At the moment, Tesla says that its biggest research and development project remains the Model S, which will require reconfiguring for most foreign markets. Musk said that he spends “about 5 percent per week” of his time working to move the more affordable $35,000 sedan to market, but that the Model X and Model S will continue to be the focal points for R&D for some time to come. Tesla Cuts Base Price of Model 3 By $1,000 Performance Version of Model 3 Rekindles Enthusiasm for Tesla The 2018 Nissan LEAF Is a Placeholder for a Longer-Range Version Coming Next Year The Very Slow Rise of the All-Electric SUV	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1515
__label__cc	0.562664	0.437336	Continue to article content NLRB appointments have been a political battleground for decades, the author writes. Clearing NLRB nominees a good step By WILMA LIEBMAN Appointments to the NLRB have been a political battleground for decades, with the board often making do with recess appointments and chronic vacant seats. During my nearly 14 years on the board, I served as the sole member (for six weeks) and on two-, three-, four- and five-member boards. The 27 months with only two board members resulted because Senate Democrats took no action during President George W. Bush’s last year of office on his nominations to fill three vacancies on the board created in late December 2007, and decided not to recess at all that year to preclude the president from making any recess appointments. To end that situation, in March 2010, Obama made two recess appointments, including one (Craig Becker) whose nomination had majority support in the Senate but failed to get the 60 votes necessary to invoke cloture. Nonetheless, the turmoil of the past few years has been exceptional. The NLRB, a product of the New Deal, has becom a lightning rod for accelerating political controversy not seen since its early days. It became entangled in the bitter partisan fights of the 2012 election season with the attacks on government and the broad campaign to weaken organized labor’s political influence. It weathered aggressive congressional oversight, battles over its budget, including an effort to entirely defund it, repeated assaults in the media and other existential threats. Various Republican senators vowed to filibuster any nominees to the board. Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) declared that for the NLRB “inoperable is progress.” Surely, the unions, employers and individual employees who rely on the NLRB to resolve disputes over unfair labor practices and union representation deserve better than this crisis of governance. They deserve — indeed need — a government that works, not dysfunction and partisan warfare. So does the American public. Promptly confirming these five nominees would be a good start to disarmament. Wilma Liebman is the immediate past chairwoman of the NLRB. She was named chairman in January 2009 by President Barack Obama and served until her third term expired in August 2011. She served on the board for nearly 14 years. This article tagged under: Missing out on the latest scoops? Sign up for POLITICO Playbook and get the latest news, every morning — in your inbox. Jump to sidebar section	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1517
__label__wiki	0.779911	0.779911	Boston Underground Film Festival 2017: 'Fraud' Valeriy Kolyadych Fraud is not merely an economic crime, it's also the mode of being in the modern age. Director: Dean Fleischer-Camp Studio: Memory Troll: A Southern Tale Director: Marinah Janello One lamentable aspect of the current epoch in American society is the dissolution of the so-called “American Dream”. The idea that hard work and perseverance will allow everyone to live a comfortable life with a plot of land, happy children, and ample leisure time has been shown, time and time again, to be nothing more than a marketing strategy. How does one respond to this? What are the psychological effects on the people in a society where such a divide between promises and actions exists? In many ways, Fraud, directed by Dean Fleischer-Camp, doesn’t explicitly tackle this subject, but it’s difficult to watch it without seeing the modern western condition reflected back at us. The documentary follows an unnamed family that, over the course of the film, commit various acts of fraud in order to maintain their way of living. Their lifestyle is not particularly extravagant -- if anything, it's downright middle class -- but their impulses are consumerist to the extreme, and we watch as they accumulate more and more items, from pogo sticks to iPhones. In fact, many of the film’s bonding scenes seem to center around some sort of object, which the family plays with communally. As the title implies, their life is a fraud, a social existence propped up by money that they can’t make without resorting to criminality. But the film’s social critique goes beyond that, and the film’s home-video by way of YouTube vlogging aesthetic is both a necessity production-wise and a smart artistic choice that wields a critique of it’s own. If it's the spirit of America to accrue debt -- whether it be mortgages or student loans -- to conform or pursue some sort of higher social standing, it's similarly our style to be conspicuous about our wealth, and that means broadcasting it on social media. Fraud achieves much in its 52-minute runtime. Viewing the film critically, one sees the ways in which it indicts the material social realities that shape the lives of the characters. One can also admire how the film plays with modern concepts of post-truth in the age of Catfish (2010). Fraud is not merely an economic crime, it's also the mode of being in the modern age. Everything, in some way, seems to be propped up by flimsy scaffolding that's ultimately revealed to be even flimsier than we first thought. For evidence, just look at how the economy responded to the large-scale fraud in the mortgage industry circa 2007. Ultimately, Fraud succeeds as a film because it manages to raise important questions about American culture and class in a way that's uniquely American. It makes sense that an average family would do this, and it makes sense that it would be revealed through blurry web videos. It demystifies crime as the realm of bad people and reveals it to be the impulse of average people who just want what everyone else does. It’s not a perfect film by any means, and at times it's repetitive, but the overall experience and concept save and elevate the film. There's a deeper level to the film as well, which I've largely sidestepped as a preventative measure against spoilers, but I urge those interested to track down Fraud, watch it, and then read an interview with Fleischer-Camp about the making of the film. ("Director Dean Fleischer-Camp on Fraud and Chicanery", by Christine N. Ziemba, Paste, 10 December 20160 Fraud was preceded at the Boston Underground Film Festival screening by a documentary short titled Troll: A Southern Tale, which was directed by Marinah Janello. Troll follows a Southern musician as he talks about his worldview, online trolling, underground music, and experiences growing up in Mississippi. If Fraud addresses the ways that people cheat the system, Troll focuses on the ways that the system has completely deserted large groups of people. Tony, the focus of the documentary, rails against the portrayal of the South by the mainstream media. Sitting in an abandoned building, Tony recounts how depressing it is to see people work at luxurious casinos that traffic in dreamlike indulgence only to go home to the reality of a trailer park. Though Tony is, by all accounts, a pretty bad guy, he's interesting in the sense that his insight into class is astute. As far as companion pieces go, Troll almost feels like Side B of Fraud, only where the family in Fraud wants to keep up the illusion, Troll has no illusion. Dean Fleischer-Camp documentary fraud	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1518
__label__wiki	0.639702	0.639702	Could You Ride a Motorcycle 1000 Miles in 24 Hours? A group of long-distance motorcycling enthusiasts looks for adventure on the open road, a few thousand miles at a time. By Kiona Smith-Strickland Fuse/Getty Images If you have ever wanted to hop on your motorcycle and ride for days, just to see how much ground you could cover or where you'd end up, you're not alone. "There are as many reasons long-distance riding appeals to folks as there are riders," says Ira Agins of the Iron Butt Association (IBA), a loosely organized group of endurance-motorcycling enthusiasts. "Some do it for the challenge, some want to see a lot of the country in a short amount of time, some simply love motorcycle riding and don't want to stop," The IBA offers completion certificates and pins for a list of long-distance motorcycling challenges, and members take to online forums to swap stories and advice. Unlike a conventional motorcycle club, IBA members pay no dues and attend no meetings. There are no chapters and only one organized ride every two years. Membership is earned by completing one of two rides: the Bun Burner 1500, which requires riders to cover 1500 miles in 36 hours or less, or the Saddle Sore 1000, which requires riders to cover 1000 miles in 24 hours or less. To date, about 53,000 people have succeeded. To officially complete a ride, riders must provide copies of their gas receipts, along with verification from a witness at the start and finish of the ride. A $45 fee covers verification, a completion certificate, a pin, and an IBA license plate back. For an additional fee, passengers can get their own certificate and pin. Other rides include the National Parks Tour, a year-long challenge to visit 50 national parks or monuments in 25 states; the 48-10, a 10-day ride to all 48 contiguous states; the 50CC, a 50-hour coast-to-coast ride; and Border-to-Border Insanity, a 24-hour ride from the Mexican border to the Canadian border (or vice versa). Of course, you can tackle any of these challenges without applying for a certificate, and you still get hard-earned bragging rights among your riding buddies. The challenge of planning and executing such a ride provides its own rewards. To Agins, every ride comes with great moments. "Riding as the sun rises over the Nevada desert, not a soul in sight all the way to the horizon," he says. "Striking up conversations on the road with elderly former riders and seeing a twinkle in their eye as they remember that cross-country trip they took on their old Vincent 60 years earlier. Coming over Donner Pass in a snowstorm in May. Seeing the aurora borealis while riding in northern Alberta." IBA rides are individual challenges rather than organized events; riders choose their own routes and ride solo, or with one or two friends. "Many long-distance riders revel in the solitude of solo riding," Agins tells PopMech. "It takes a lot more effort to ride in a group, and by necessity and definition limits one's freedom to ride at one's own pace. Not only is solo riding more satisfying in that regard, it is in general safer than riding in a group. It's hard to find riding partners that are compatible in terms of riding style, fuel range, and bladder size." The organization's only group riding event is the competitive Iron Butt Rally, held every two years. Typically, some 100 participants are chosen by lottery from the applicant pool. Last year, about 1000 people applied for the 2013 rally. The 11-day, 11,000-mile course traverses challenging terrain such as the heart of Death Valley and the top of Pikes Peak, with bonus checkpoints along the way for stops at offbeat sites like the L.A. morgue or off-the-beaten-path hiking destinations. Long-distance motorcycling is not for the faint of heart or the poorly prepared, which may be why the Iron Butt Association calls its members the world's toughest motorcycle riders. Advice is available on the IBA website and discussion forums. But, Agins says, "The primary advice we can offer is to plan and prepare well, ride safely and not exceed one's limits. We want folks to be successful, but there is nothing more important than to return home safely. Tomorrow is another day and another opportunity to ride." More From Motorcycles A Day on the New Indian FTR 1200, Then Tequila The 10 Best Buys in Motorcycles for 2019 The Biggest Motorcycle Engine You Can Buy The New Age of the V4 Road Bike Utal Legalizes Lanesplitting Zero's New Electric Bike Charges Very Fast How I Fell in Love With Motorcycling This E-Motorbike Is Boxy, Beautiful, and Badass Why Is This Man Motorcycling Across Siberia? 2014 Zero Motorcycles : Up To 171 Mile Range, 0-60 MPH As Quick As 3.3 Seconds The Ridiculous Motorcycle Racing Tech of MotoGP Motorcycle Makers Reveal Many New Bikes at EICMA Show in Milan Electric Motorcycles Buyer's Guide The 10 Best Buys in 2014 Motorcycles The World's 10 Longest Auto Races	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1519
__label__wiki	0.650199	0.650199	Income distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by frequency of prayer Income distribution among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by frequency of prayer (2014) Switch to: Frequency of prayer among adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month by household income % of adults who feel a deep sense of wonder about the universe once or twice a month who have a household income of… Frequency of prayer Sample size = 2,496. Visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire. Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. You can see the sample size for the estimates in this chart on rollover or in the last column of the table. And visit this table to see approximate margins of error for a group of a given size. Readers should always bear in mind the approximate margin of error for the group they are examining when making comparisons with other groups or assessing the significance of trends over time. For full question wording, see the survey questionnaire. 33% 21% 29% 17% 2,496 Learn More: Less than $30,000, $30,000-$49,999, $50,000-$99,999, $100,000 or more	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1529
__label__cc	0.628144	0.371856	One of our nuns is missing Behind the scenes at The Art Museum Filippino Lippi, Expulsion of the Devil by St Philip (1487-1502) As Renaissance artists learnt their trade through a tradition of apprenticeship at a young age, we find fewer family dynasties of artists than we might expect. One such father and son dynasty is that of Fra Fillippo Lippi and Fra Fillippino Lippi, both of whom were in high demand for the richness and realism they brought to fresco painting. However, this was one dynasty that was never meant to be: their titles, ‘Fra’ (meaning ‘Brother’) may give you a clue why. Filippo Lippi was ordained as a monk at the Sants Maria Del Carmine at the age of 14, but reportedly neglected most of his religious studies in favour of ‘scrawling pictures’ all over his manuscripts, as well as breaking into the neighbouring convent. Eventually, the prior allowed him to channel his dual passions for painting and womenfolk into producing the many beautiful Madonnas for which the monastery is now known. Later in life, Filippo travelled the length of Italy, leaving behind charming frescos and scandal in equal measure wherever he went. One patron was even forced to lock him in his room so that he could complete a commission without being distracted, but to no avail: Filippo threw a sheet out the window and frolicked around Florence for two days before the patron caught up with him. Soon afterwards, Filippo was commissioned to produce a Madonna and Child for a convent, for which the painter asked if he could borrow one of their nuns, one Lucrezia Buti, to sit for him. After a suspiciously long wait, the convent received their painting but not their nun, who had by this point become pregnant with none other than Fra Filippino Lippi. Filippo Lippi, Feast of Herod: Dance of Salome(c.1460-64) Despite a steady stream of well-paid commissions, Filippo and Lucrezia died penniless: run to ground by ever-escalating demands from numerous women for child support money, despite Filippo’s denying all knowledge of the little snappers. Fra Filippino Lippi, however, would grow up to eclipse his father as one of the great masters of the Renaissance. You can find father and son in galleries (171/3) and (171/1) of The Art Museum. Blowing apart the idea of an art museum 10 years in the making, The Art Museum will redefine how you look at art	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1530
__label__cc	0.741517	0.258483	Margaret H. Duprey’s Initial Women4Donkeys Matching Campaign Raises $100,000 to Date for Brooke USA Wellington, Fla. – July 19, 2018 – Brooke USA Ambassador Margaret H. Duprey stepped forward in Feb. 2018 with a matching campaign that would change the lives of hundreds of thousands of women and donkeys in Kitui County, Kenya. Together, Duprey and Brooke USA launched Women4Donkeys, with Duprey personally matching dollar-for-dollar up to $50,000. On July 9, the $50,000 goal was successfully met. “I was first drawn to Brooke USA because of their sustainable programs that implement education, as well as scientifically proven, practical and culturally relevant solutions to equine welfare challenges,” Duprey explained. “Women4Donkeys will benefit a variety of demographics, especially women in poverty who rely on the livelihood of their donkey to survive and provide for their families. I am pleased by the number of people who stepped forward to support my match. To raise funds for a program I believe will do such good is inspiring and truly reflects the power of the good work Brooke USA is doing for working equines and their owners.” The Women4Donkeys campaign is now projected to reach six communities, equating to 82,000 women and 123,000 donkeys. Estimated at 1.8 million, donkeys are important to the Kenyan economy, helping reduce poverty by providing employment and income to support peoples’ livelihoods. Donkeys are the most common means of transportation and are also used in agriculture. Although much of the population relies on donkeys, they are often poorly treated and/or neglected due to lack of knowledge. Brooke USA’s funded programs in Kenya will specifically address equine welfare education and skill-building opportunities that not only emphasize animal husbandry but develop self-reliance for women. In addition to handling and husbandry practices for women donkey owners, the program will also provide training and capacity building of farriers, health providers and harness-makers. The women will benefit from household and income-generating activities such as harness-making, marketing skills and techniques, as well as record keeping training. In addition, outreach will include improving the knowledge and practices of women equine groups around saving money, securing credit and financial management. To donate to Women4Donkeys, please visit www.brookeusa.org/women-4-donkeys.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1531
__label__wiki	0.854671	0.854671	History of PGD Immortal Six - Founders John Templeton McMarty Samuel Beatty Wilson James Elliott, Jr. Ellis Bailey Gregg Daniel Webster Crofts Naaman Fletcher Today in Phi Gam History Monuments & Historic Sites Founders' Graves Convention & Ekklesia Sites Academy Sites Sites by State Sites by City Misc. Sites Chapter House Fires Fiji Songs Pig Dinner Frank Norris Exile's Toast Insignia & Symbols Fraternity Awards Sires & Sons Museum & Library Historic Badges Founders Relics Museum Virtual Tour Archives of Phi Gamma Delta John Templeton McCarty James Elliott Jr. Ellis Baily Gregg From The Phi Gamma Delta Magazine, 1941 HORACE I. BRIGHTMAN (COLUMBIA 1892) Horace I. Brightman was born in New York City on January 29, 1872. He was prepared for college at the Columbia Grammar School, and entered Columbia College with the class of 1892 where he was initiated into Omega Chapter of the Fraternity in 1888. During his junior year, he served as president of the chapter, and in 1892, received his bachelor of arts degree from Columbia. He then went on to New York Law School where he won the LLB degree in 1893, and the next year he was admitted to the bar. Specializing in corporate law, he practiced in New York City and Westchester County. Shortly after his graduation from college, he was elected Historian of the Grand Chapter, then the executive of the Fraternity functioning in New York City. In 1898, he was elected as Lay Archon and shortly thereafter, was active in the formation of The Phi Gamma Delta Club of New York City, serving from 1913-1914 as its president. In 1917, he was drafted as the National Secretary for the Fraternity, serving in this capacity until 1921. The Diamond Jubilee Ekklesia, held in Pittsburgh in the fall of 1923, elected Horace Brightman as President of the Fraternity, a position that he was re-elected to in 1929. His length of service as President (eleven years) is the longest in the history of the Fraternity of Phi Gamma Delta. He served as Ritualist from 1937 until his death in 1941. The PHI GAMMA DELTA magazine Volume 86, Number 1, OCTOBER 1933 Fraternity Mourns Luther Brewer (Gettysburg 1883) Treasurer of Phi Gamma Delta Since 1923, "Daddy" Had Won Wide Fame in Politics, Art and Literature By Cecil J. Wilkinson (Ohio Wesleyan 1917) SABLE-DRAPED droops the royal banner. Luther A. Brewer -"Daddy" to countless Fijis from Atlanta to Vancouver, from Orono to Los Angeles - has joined the Chapter Eternal. The beloved Treasurer of Phi Gamma Delta, who would have been 75 years old in December, passed ad astra in a hospital in Cedar Rapids, lowa, on May 6. He had been ill for several weeks, the end coming as a result of cerebral apoplexy. The last sad rites were said two days later at his home in the Iowa city where so much of his life had been spent, with Dr. Harry M. Gage (Wooster 1900), president of Coe College, officiating. Present were President Brightman, Secretary Wallbank, Councilor Leverone, Executive Secretary-Editor Wilkinson and the entire Mu Deuteron Chapter at the University of Iowa. Around the bier were scores of floral tributes sent by undergraduate and graduate chapters and by other Fiji friends. The body was laid to rest in Oak Hill Cemetery, where only two months before the sorrowing Luther had stood by the open grave of his wife, Elinore. Among the pall-bearers was Fiji Fred Lazell, head of the department of journalism at the state university. BORN IN PENNSYLVANIA The life of Luther Albertus Brewer was the story of a country boy who by forthrightness of purpose and industry had won a place in Who's Who in America. Born at Welsh Run, in Franklin County, Pennsylvania, on December 17, 1858, when the fraternity he loved so dearly was only ten years old, young Luther was early stirred by ambition. When he had finished his secondary school education, he looked over a list of colleges and decided to enter nearby Gettysburg. He packed his trunk and, enrolled in the classic old institution whose campus had echoed to the roar of cannon in the internecine strife of the '60s. His class was 1883. He was a prominent figure in campus life, was early made a member of Phi Gamma Delta, edited the college publication and emerged an honor graduate, as did so many Xi men of his generation. After college, what? Two years of school teaching in Pennsylvania. Then, hearkening to the advice of Horace Greeley, the young man went West. A place in a bank in Spencer, Iowa, was open and he took it. In March of 1887 the editor of the Cedar Rapids Republican came to him with an offer of the city editorship of the paper at a salary of $12 a week. The offer was accepted. From that date until he sold the newspaper on October 1, 1922, Brother Brewer was identified with the Republican, having advanced from the news department to assistant business manager, part owner and finally sole owner on August 1, 1913. He was also president of The Torch Press, one of the best-equipped printing plants in the Middle West, until several years ago. HIS FRATERNITY INTEREST FIRST Many were the facets of the diamond of Luther Brewer's interests, but none gleamed in purer ray than his devotion to Phi Gamma Delta. Baptized into the faith at old Gettysburg, he was president of Xi Chapter in his senior year. His mystic badge gleamed upon his breast as the young man made his way to Iowa to seek fame and fortune. The first honor that came to him from the general fraternity was his election as vice-president of the 1887 Ekklesia which was held at Bloomington, Illinois. In 1896 he was the alumnus delegate from Xi Chapter to the convention held in Chicago. From then until the 1919 Victory Ekklesia in Chicago, there was a hiatus in his convention-going, due largely to the demands of his profession. But in 1919 he again swung into participation in the affairs of the general fraternity. His appearance in Chicago was noteworthy for two reasons: First, he successfully sponsored the petition of a local group at Iowa University for the revival of the Mu Deuteron Chapter; second, he brought into the convention hall his dear friend, Psi Upsilon's William Howard Taft, former President of the United States, who made a pleasant speech to his Greek cousins. When, in 1920, Historian William F. Chamberlin completed the manuscript of Tomos Alpha of the History of Phi Gamma Delta, the Archons sought a publishing house possessed of equipment adequate enough to handle the work. Brother Brewer's Torch Press was a natural choice. To the 1920 Ekklesia in Kansas City the Iowa printer brought the proof-sheets. The book issued from the press a few months later and was hailed as a delightful example of the highest achievement of the art preservative. The following fall The Torch Press began its long and distinguished service as printer of The Phi Gamma Delta magazine and for twelve years the alert eye and the fraternal hand of Luther Brewer watched over the mechanical operations involved in producing this magazine. ELECTED TREASURER AT PITTSBURGH The election of Xi's distinguished son as Treasurer of the fraternity at the Diamond Jubilee Ekklesia in Pittsburgh in 1923 was a spontaneous manifestation of unanimity of opinion. The books of the order were transferred to Cedar Rapids and there began a service that has seldom been matched for fidelity to duty and for painstaking devotion to details. Luther's first term expired at the West Baden Ekklesia in 1927; his reelection was by a unanimous shout that resounded through the atrium of the gigantic hotel at the Indiana spa. He would have completed his service at the next Ekklesia and would not have been eligible under our laws to another term. One of the incidents in the career of Luther Brewer as Treasurer that his associates in the Archonate love to recall with a chuckle was a visit he made to the Oklahoma Chapter. To a meeting of the Archons shortly after he had been installed as Treasurer came a sad tale from Norman. The boys of the chapter there had run up bills payable to local tradesmen in an astounding amount. The butcher, the baker, the candle-stick maker pressing the chapter for payment and the exchequer was empty. The Archons, thinking perhaps to haze the new Treasurer, passed a motion referring the problem to him. At his own expense he proceeded from Cedar Rapids to Norman. Check-book in hand, he visited each of the long list of creditors. "Would you discount your bill 25 per cent if I pay it immediately?" he approached the tradesmen. They all would, save one, and he had to wait for his money! (It should be said to the eternal credit of the Oklahoma alumni that they paid back promptly and pleasantly all of the money advanced by the Treasurer.) FATHERED IOWA CHAPTER-HOUSE Luther was the first and only Purple Legionnaire of Mu Deuteron Chapter from its reestablishment in 1919 to the time of his death. The excitement incident to the ceremony of re-installation had scarcely subsided when the Legionnaire began to rub his chin with his pipe and to lay some plans. By the fall of 1925 these plans had been translated into a $50,000 Tudor-style home ona commanding site in Iowa City. No one will ever know how much of his own personal funds Luther Brewer put into the lodge. Mrs. Brewer and he donated furniture with a prodigal hand; he endorsed notes that brought funds for additional equipment; he cajoled alumni into paying their pledges; he carried the burden of financing to his death-bed; and his last will provided a bequest of $2,500 to ease the remaining debt. The dedication of the house in February, 1926, was an event long to be remembered by those who attended it. Clad in formal clothes, the distinguished Iowan stood in the hall of the home and read a classic dedicatory address which he had written and which was later published in Tomos Beta of our history. It ended: "Let us dedicate and consecrate this pleasant home of ours to the spirit of abiding and eternal friendship. And may no unworthy act of ours or of our successors ever mar its beauty, or tarnish its symbols." AND THEN AT GETTYSBURG The Iowa lodge problem solved, "Daddy" next turned to the housing need of his old chapter at Gettysburg, the college of which he was a trustee. One cold December day in 1926 Luther and Harry Stahler (Gettysburg 1882) got together in a hotel room in Harrisburg. There were facts to be faced: To erect a home on the battlefield campus $25,000 would be required. The most that they could figure out as being in hand or in sight from contributions was $10,000. Postponment of the project seemed by all odds to be the only course open. Then it happened: "Harry," said Luther, slowly filling his pipe, "I guess it's up to Stahler and Brewer to underwrite that $15,000." "Luther," replied Harry, looking over his spectacles, "I was thinking of that very thing." "All right," came back Luther, "let's go!" And go they did, for the handsome home of Xi was dedicated the next commencement. Above its fireplace there is a plaque proclaiming that the home is "'dedicated to the spirit of abiding and eternal friendship." A few years ago Brother Stahler died and left one-fourth of his estate to the chapter-house association, the gift being more than sufficient to pay all indebtedness on the home and justifying the faith that was in them both. As year followed year Luther's great delight was to attend the Ekklesiai - at Richmond, at Colorado Springs, at West Baden, at Swampscott, at San Antonio, at Detroit. Frequently he would motor to the convention city from Cedar Rapids, taking with him Mrs. Brewer, one or more undergraduates, the Iowa house-mother, often paying all of the transportation and hotel bills! INSTALLED TWO CHAPTERS Twice "Daddy" had served as the Legate of the fraternity at the installation of new chapters. He took a keen delight, in the spring of 1931, in handing the coveted charter to Upsilon Alpha Chapter at the University of Arizona, in the furtherance of whose interests he had frankly and gleefully gone beyond the boundaries of the neutrality that Archons are traditionally expected to observe. His gray beard presenting a striking contrast to the scarlet robe he wore as chief of the embassy which established Lambda Alpha Chapter at the University of California at Los Angeles. In the fall of the same year, he delivered a charge to the initiates that was an inspiring apex of the solemn service of installation. In the California city he was greeted again by countless friends he had made in the fall of 1929 when he was one of the group of fraternity officers who - at their own expense - made the installation at British Columbia the signal for a trip around the Western rim of the fraternity. Almost without number are the incidents where the generosity of Luther Brewer resulted in the surreptitious passing of a $10 bill to a needy undergraduate or the endorsement of a student's note that meant the difference between abandonment of college or continuing toward a baccaluareate degree. Luther almost resented any effort to focus the spotlight on him. The idea was conceived of a 70th birthday party for him in Chicago in December, 1928. Most of the officers of the fraternity were present and more than 100 Chicago Fijis. The task of paying tribute to the septuagenarian fell to the Editor. He could scarcely complete his remarks because of the grumbling of protest from the honor guest. The Grand Old Man of Phi Gamma Delta, indeed! WIDELY KNOWN AS BIBLIOPHILE Beyond the walls of Phi Gamma Delta the name of Luther Brewer was honored. An ardent bibliophile - his book-plate quoted: "I am a glutton of books" - he was internationally known for his collection of memorabilia of Leigh Hunt. His Huntiana, housed in his office and valued at at least $50,000, drew English scholars from America and from abroad. He made occasional trips to London, where he would frequent the rare book shops of the many dealers who had him on their catalogue lists. Each year at Christmas Mrs. Brewer and he would have privately printed for distribution among their friends small volumes written by the book-loving head of the house. The titles included Contentment, The Fascination of Prints, Beside Our Reading Lamp, The Love of Books, Wanderings in London, Marginalia, Golden Days in France (an account of a motoring trip he and George Snyder and their wives had taken in 1927), More Marginalia and others. The magnum opus of Luther Brewer was My Leigh Hunt Library, privately printed in 1932. This large volume of 392 pages, with 100 illustrations, was hailed as a distinct contribution to the shelf of English literature cataloguing. Upon his desk after his death was found the uncompleted manuscript of another book on the subject of his favorite author which was to contain Hunt holograph letters. With Maccaulay, he had "a kindness for Mr. Leigh Hunt." Along with literature, art was a hobby of Luther's. He personally appeared before the Carnegie Foundation in New York and obtained an appropriation for a Little Gallery in Cedar Rapids, where appreciation of painting and sculpturing were taught in an experimental school that won wide interest. He was president of the Cedar Rapids Art Association and head of the board of the public library. REPUBLICAN OF OLD SCHOOL Luther was a Republican of the old school. He early entered politics and from 1893 to 1897 was state oil inspector. From year to year he would participate in the councils of the party in Iowa. Twice - in 1912 and in 1916 - he was a delegate to the Republican national conventions. The late, great President Taft and he were warm friends. The tendency of radicalism to creep into his party always annoyed Luther. He was a particular foe of Senator Smith W. Brookhart and In the early autumn of 19_4 was an independent candidate against Brookhart in the senatorial primaries, but withdrew and urged all Republicans to support Daniel F. Steck, the Democrat. At one time a Rotarian district governor, Luther's name was also enrolled upon the rosters of the Grolier Club and Phi Gamma Delta Club of New York, the Bibliophile Club of Boston, the University Club of Washington and the Union League Club of Chicago. And now he lies in a grave in Iowa, his memory remaining eternally green and an inspiration to the thousands of college men who hailed him by the name of brother. Back to History Articles 1201 Red Mile Road \| P.O. Box 4599 \| Lexington, Kentucky 40544-4599 \| 859.255.1848 - Contact - Privacy Policy - Site Help	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1532
__label__wiki	0.722752	0.722752	Briefly Noted Nonprofit Spotlight President's Note Plutocrats or Pluralists? A critique of philanthropic influence in public life starts with the wrong assumptions Sean Parnell Stanford Professor Rob Reich’s new book Just Giving sets out to develop a political theory of philanthropy. He succeeds in that mission, but it’s not clear that he’s developed a theory that notably advances or defines how people can or should think of philanthropic giving in general or private foundations in particular. The book starts off strong, at least for those who enjoy history, with a description of the efforts of John D. Rockefeller to secure a Congressional charter for his foundation in the early 1900s. That attempt ultimately failed, of course, and some of the concerns and criticisms voiced at that time have modern-day echoes, including the ideas that Rockefeller’s wealth was ill-gotten and that the proposed foundation was, as one contemporary put it, “repugnant to the whole idea of democratic society.” Just Giving: Why Philanthropy Is Failing Democracy and How It Can Do Better by Rob Reich The book then offers fascinating accounts of the ancient Athenian practice of liturgy (a way of getting the wealthy to pay for public needs), and the Islamic waqf (a precursor to modern-day foundations). Once the book moves from history to its critique of modern philanthropy, however, it suffers from a cascade of asserted but unsupported characterizations, undefined key terms, casual dismissals of contrary or competing ideas, and policy prescriptions that lack detail or that would seriously damage philanthropic giving and civil society. In brief, the central premise of Just Giving is that wealthy givers have too much influence and power in both the world of philanthropy and public life, and private foundations are a key element of the wealthy’s ability to exercise this power. It often uses the term “plutocratic” to describe this supposed phenomenon and argues that it undermines the ideal of equality that is meant to be a core American value. Reich’s view of equality encompasses not only things like equal treatment under the law, but an “equal opportunity for political influence.” Yet while he is critical of how private foundations promote this alleged plutocracy, Reich does manage to find a way for them to continue to exist in ways that he believes support rather than undermine democracy and equality. In arriving at this position, the book makes the case for the benefits to society of philanthropy in general and private foundations in particular. For example, it observes (rightly) that charitable giving promotes “the pluralism of associational life by diminishing state orthodoxy in defining its contours”—in short, it’s good to have some institutions capable of dissenting from societal norms and the state. The book also makes the general case for long-lasting (if not perpetual) private foundations as being able to serve a “discovery” purpose in finding solutions to seemingly intractable problems that short-sighted politicians and voters are often unable to deal with. Reich argues compellingly that because private foundations have neither profit-seeking nor vote-seeking concerns, they can take a long-term view and make investments that business and government cannot. This “discovery” purpose is where Reich ultimately rests his defense of the existence of private foundations. But this defense still seems somewhat incoherent when considered with the rest of the book, such as how it approvingly quotes Diane Ravitch’s characterization of Bill Gates as “the nation’s unelected school superintendent.” Isn’t the education work of the Gates Foundation a prime example of such public-spirited experimentation and “discovery”? The qualified defense of private foundations only extends to large foundations, however. Those with assets of less than $10 million or $50 million or some other arbitrary figure would no longer be permitted, as they are apparently too small to effectively pursue the mission Reich would assign them. The more modest family foundations that support local organizations and serve as a way for many well-off but not super wealthy families to give to their communities would be a thing of the past, which should trouble anyone who cares about ensuring a healthy philanthropic community outside of major cities with lots of extremely wealthy citizens. The silver lining in Reich’s proposal to reshape private foundations is that, aside from setting a minimum asset size, the book isn’t able to provide much guidance on how this could or should be done, other than to suggest a “long-term or generational impact statement” be included in annual filings and the introduction of a “voluntary peer-review” process of some sort. There is no obvious road map for like-minded persons to pursue in terms of a public-policy agenda. Reich also rightly objects to the fact that only a small percentage of taxpayers—those who itemize—are now able to deduct their charitable gifts. But instead of suggesting that all Americans should be able to deduct their giving, he offers a radical proposal that would devastate charitable giving and the institutions it supports—elimination of the current deduction in favor of a charitable tax credit worth no more than $1,000. This proposal is in pursuit of the “egalitarian” notions Reich believes philanthropy should serve and is supposedly justified by claims the charitable tax deduction subsidizes the giving preferences of the wealthy, who get much greater tax benefits than others from the deduction. Among other problems, replacing the tax deduction with a very limited tax credit would eliminate a crucial guardrail separating the state from an independent civil society, a protection that sends a signal that the funds given to charitable organizations are not subject to government interference. A credit would also be subject to endless meddling, changes, preferences, and restrictions based on the whims of politicians. It would also dramatically cut the amount of money going to charity. Givers don’t give because of the tax deduction, of course, but there’s no question that it affects how much is given and when it is given, as mountains of research have shown. A weaker, diminished civil society is the obvious outcome. The rationale Reich offers for this policy depends heavily on the assumption that the tax deduction for charitable donations constitutes a “subsidy” for the preferences of wealthy givers. A wealth of arguments against this highly debatable contention are lightly dismissed or largely ignored. (For an alternate view, see “It’s About Freedom, Not Finances” in the Summer 2013 issue.) The underlying question Just Giving seeks to answer is this: “What role, if any, ought foundations play in a democratic society?” In a nation that prizes liberty and has a legal system grounded in the idea that “Everything which is not forbidden is allowed,” this is the wrong place to start. A better, more appropriate question might be: “What role ought the state play in the decisions of private philanthropists regarding what to fund in civil society?” You won’t find a useful answer in this book. The independence of civil society is a key element of the freedoms Americans enjoy, and that alone should be enough to warn readers away from following the path proposed by Just Giving. Sean Parnell is vice president of public policy at The Philanthropy Roundtable. Solving the $2 Trillion Problem The Laura and John Arnold Foundation mixes research and politics to help solve today's public-pension crisis. Summer 2016 - A Watchdog with Only One Eye "The history she describes is not hidden, and the people she writes about are not radicals.” A review of author Jane Mayer’s book Dark Money: This very selective “exposé” distorts reality. Return to the Philanthropy Magazine current issue Magazine Staff E: editor@PhilanthropyRoundtable.org	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1533
__label__cc	0.587548	0.412452	PropertyDetective.com Next Secondary schools St Peters Street, St Albans, AL3 5DJ \| Primary Schools Don't miss out! Keep up-to-date with the latest developments in this area By submitting your email address, you consent to our terms and conditions Compared to other places, the availability and standards of local primary schools are good St Peters Street has 7 state primary schools within a reasonable walking distance and a further 13 within driving distance. There are also several options for private education locally. Number of Schools within walking / driving distance 3 within a 15 minute walk 7 more within driving distance Infant Schools Junior Schools SEN Schools Aboyne Lodge Junior Mixed and Infant School Ages 3-11 , Mixed Rated Good by Ofsted in 2018 0.2miles 4 mins walk Aboyne Lodge Junior Mixed and Infant School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes walk. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Based on Ofsted inspections and exam performances from schools that this data is available for, this school appears to be one of the poorer performing schools in the area. However we do not have data available for all schools in your area, so we recommend that you make your own enquiries to establish the performance of those schools where the data is missing. In terms of performance, pupils at this school perform around the national average in Maths and English SATs view the Ofsted report Hide detail Alban City School Alban City School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 5 minutes walk. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 5 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. The Abbey Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans Rated Outstanding by Ofsted in 2008 The Abbey Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 7 minutes walk. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 4 and 11 of Church of England faith. Based on Ofsted inspections and exam performances from schools that this data is available for, this school appears to be the best in the area. However we do not have data available for all schools in your area, so we recommend that you make your own enquiries to establish the performance of those schools where the data is missing. In terms of performance, pupils at this school perform around the national average in Maths and English SATs Maple Primary School Maple Primary School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 7 minutes walk. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 4 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Based on Ofsted inspections and exam performances from schools that this data is available for, this school appears to be one of the best in the area. However we do not have data available for all schools in your area, so we recommend that you make your own enquiries to establish the performance of those schools where the data is missing. In terms of performance, pupils at this school perform around the national average in Maths and English SATs St Peter's School St Peter's School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 8 minutes walk. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. St Michael's Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans 0.7miles 14 mins walk St Michael's Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School, St Albans is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 15 min walk/2 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 5 and 11 of Church of England faith. St Alban and St Stephen Roman Catholic Infant and Nursery School Ages 3-7 , Mixed St Alban and St Stephen Roman Catholic Infant and Nursery School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 15 min walk/3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 7 of Roman Catholic faith. Bernards Heath Infant and Nursery School 0.8miles 3 mins drive Bernards Heath Infant and Nursery School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 15 min walk/3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 7, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Garden Fields Junior Mixed and Infant School Garden Fields Junior Mixed and Infant School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 5 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Based on Ofsted inspections and exam performances from schools that this data is available for, this school appears to be one of the worst in the area. However we do not have data available for all schools in your area, so we recommend that you make your own enquiries to establish the performance of those schools where the data is missing. In terms of performance, pupils at this school perform around the national average in Maths and English SATs Prae Wood Primary School Prae Wood Primary School is a state school that was recently rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. St Adrian Roman Catholic Primary School St Adrian Roman Catholic Primary School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 11 of Roman Catholic faith. Mandeville Primary School Mandeville Primary School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Fleetville Infant and Nursery School Fleetville Infant and Nursery School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 7, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Based on Ofsted inspections and exam performances from schools that this data is available for, this school appears to be one of the better schools in the area. However we do not have data available for all schools in your area, so we recommend that you make your own enquiries to establish the performance of those schools where the data is missing. In terms of performance, pupils at this school perform around the national average in Maths and English SATs Cunningham Hill Infant School Cunningham Hill Infant School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 5 and 7, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Saint Alban and St Stephen Catholic Junior School Saint Alban and St Stephen Catholic Junior School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 15 min walk/3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 7 and 11 of Roman Catholic faith. Bernards Heath Junior School Bernards Heath Junior School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 7 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Fleetville Junior School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 7 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Cunningham Hill Junior School Cunningham Hill Junior School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 7 and 11, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Heathlands School Heathlands School is a state school that is rated outstanding by Ofsted catering for pupils with special educational needs. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 3 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 3 and 16, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Watling View School Watling View School is a state school that is rated good by Ofsted catering for pupils with special educational needs. You can read their report in full on the Ofsted site. The school is approximately 4 minutes drive. This is a mixed school accepting pupils between the ages of 2 and 19, with no particular emphasis placed on faith. Free Sections Locked Sections Family friendliness Travel connections Planes, trains & roads Smell nuisances Noise nuisances Other nuisances © Property Detective 2019 Property Detective uses data provided by Ordnance Survey. © Crown copyright and database rights 2019 Ordnance Survey (100052771). This product includes data licensed from PointX Database Right/Copyright 2019 and Ordnance Survey Crown Copyright 2019. All rights reserved. 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__label__wiki	0.862676	0.862676	One man's lonely protest against China's 'outrageous and inhumane' detention of two Canadians 'If somehow these two guys ... can be made aware that there are at least some people that are protesting, that might encourage them to feel better' Meagan Campbell More from Meagan Campbell Lorne Hicks' holds a one-person protest against the Chinese imprisonment of two Canadians, in front of the Chinese Consulate in Toronto on July 10, 2019. J.P. Moczulski for Postmedia News TORONTO — Lorne Hicks, 76, is a retired teacher who reads books, babysits his grandchildren and tries to stay away from butter tarts and protests. Since December, he has followed the story of two Canadians detained in China, Michael Spavor and Michael Kovrig. In June, he read reports that Chinese authorities confiscated Kovrig’s reading glasses. “I couldn’t imagine my day without reading, and I thought of this poor guy sitting in a prison or a detention centre in China without his reading glasses,” Hicks said Wednesday. “I thought there’s just something outrageous about that and inhumane.” Hicks purchased Bristol board at Staples, made a picket sign and drove to Toronto with his partner from their home an hour north, on Lake Simcoe, Ont. On Wednesday, the 213th day of the men’s detainment, he paced for two hours outside the Chinese consulate. “The major intent is, if somehow these two guys, Kovrig and Spavor, these two gentlemen, can be made aware that there are at least some people that are protesting, that might encourage them to feel better, realize there’s someone out there,” Hicks said. NP View: Canada’s confused efforts to stand up to China need fixing China wants to ‘meet halfway’ to fix dispute with Canada, but won’t budge on jailed Canadians or canola ban Who is Michael Spavor, the second Canadian to go missing in China? The one-man protest comes the day after Canada’s former ambassador to China, John McCallum, ignored the plight of the hostages in an interview with the South China Morning Post, instead making the case for the Trudeau Liberals’ re-election in the fall. He said China’s decision to cut trade with Canada was only helping the Conservatives who are “much less friendly to China than the Liberals.” “I hope and I don’t see any reason why things will get worse; it would be nice if things will get better between now and (Canada’s federal) election (in October),” he said. Kovrig, a former diplomat, and Spavor, a businessman, were living in China when authorities detained them in December 2018 and later accused them of stealing state secrets. The arrests came days after Canada arrested Meng Wanzhou, a Huawei executive, on a warrant from the United States, which accuses her of violating U.S. sanctions against Iran. Canadian officials have been able to visit the men nearly 10 times since the arrests, says Global Affairs Canada, and sources familiar with the situation said in December Kovrig was being held in a cell with lights on 24 hours a day. In late June, Hicks read an article about the case by National Post columnist Andrew Coyne, who wrote that the pressure on the Canadian government is lessened by the “conspicuous failure of other Canadians to give a damn.” Hicks decided to give one. Lorne Hicks protests against the Chinese imprisonment of two Canadians, in front of the Chinese Consulate in Toronto on July 10, 2019. J.P. Moczulski for Postmedia News In January, more than 100 academics and former diplomats wrote an open letter to the Chinese president calling for the men’s release. Hicks is the first protester making this demand at the Chinese consulate in Toronto, says a 50-year-old businessman who lives beside the consulate, even though the site often attracts other protesters, including people who stand against China’s treatment of Tibetans and members of the Uighur and Falun Gong minorities. “I’m kind of perplexed also,” said Brian Gold, a friend of Spavor who wrote an op-ed about the case for iPolitics. “There was sort of an expectation that there might be more follow-up interest,” he said. He read one article urging Canadians to “not forget the Michaels,” he said, “yet that’s what’s happening.” On Wednesday, Hicks learned to lock his wrist and pump a picket sign. He decided to pace the length of the consulate’s hedge (“I will walk there, and then I will walk back,” he figured). He would not chant — “definitely not” — and would not block any driveways. “That’s verboten,” he explained, having researched his Charter right to peaceful assembly. He nodded to a mailman, skateboarder and 24-year-old woman who installs furniture for a living. He received honks from three taxis and stares from Uber drivers, dog-walkers and people visiting the consulate deal with their passports and pension cheques. One pedestrian, Destiny Dobson, a housekeeper, was in a rush to clean a home with her 11-year-old son. She had been following the detention case. “I think if it’s not in Canada, we give it five minutes, and we move on,” she said. “I don’t have a horn, but ‘honk, honk, honk.’” Hicks will return to the consulate on St. George Street on Thursday morning at noon for a second shift. He hopes he will not have to march alone. “There may not be another person who, I don’t know, sees me with the sign (and says), ‘Look at that old goat. I’m going to go make up a sign and join him,’” he said. “I just don’t know, but I’m going to do it anyway.”	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1536
__label__cc	0.725775	0.274225	Filtered to: Black & White British Academy Westbourne Ancestors in the Arctic A Photographic History of Dundee Whaling Malcolm Archibald Drawn from the collections of Dundee Art Galleries and Museums, this volume of early photographs shows the sailing ships and the highly skilled crews of the Dundee whaling industry, often set against the dramatic ice seas and landscapes of the Arctic. Offering insights into an almost forgotten aspect of Dundee’s history, the book demonstrates the importance of whaling for the city between the mid 18th century and the First World War. Sex and Punishment Four Thousand Years of Judging Desire Eric Berkowitz Sex is one of the most powerful human drives, and societies have sought to regulate it since the dawn of history. Meticulous, scholarly, yet laced with spicy anecdote, this chronological survey ranges from the brutal impalement of an adulteress in Mesopotamia to the trials of Oscar Wilde. Peopled with transvestites, rent boys, royal mistresses and gay charioteers, it demonstrates how what is 'normal' in one age is forbidden in another, exposing the futility of such attempts to constrain human sexuality. The Books of Assumption of the Thirds of Benefices Scottish Ecclesiastical Rentals at the Reformation The late medieval church was the wealthiest single landowner in Scotland, with an annual income ten times that of the crown. Compiled for the crown – and the tax-gatherer – the Books of Assumption surveys the incomes of church properties in Scotland (except Argyll and the Isles) in the 1560s. Presented here in calendared form, it provides an enormous amount of data on the church's income and expenditure and the society in which it played such an important part. Asian Britain A Photographic History Susheila Nasta South Asians coming to Victorian Britain tended to be soldiers or domestics serving the Empire or the elite seeking education, but later mass migrations from the subcontinent, East Africa and the Caribbean started to forge a uniquely British Asian culture. Mixing images of ordinary people facing the challenges of living and working in their new home with political figures, activists, pioneers and celebrities, this photographic collection charts the experiences of Asians in Britain from the late 19th century to the present day.	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1537
__label__wiki	0.743037	0.743037	Modernising Defence Programme - Update Defence Secretary Gavin Williamson has provided a final update on the Modernising Defence Programme to the House of Commons In July, I made a statement setting out headline conclusions from six months of work on the Modernising Defence Programme (MDP). Since then, work has continued apace. Firstly, I would like to welcome the extra £1.8 billion of funding for Defence, including the additional £1 billion that was in last month’s Budget. Today, I want to provide an update on the MDP, and set out the work that will be ongoing. I have placed a full report on the MDP in the library of the House. First, I should put the MDP into context. The 2015 Strategic Defence and Security Review was the right plan for Defence at that time. The Government put the Defence budget on a firmer footing, increasing throughout the life of the Parliament. Defence is much stronger as a result of that. NATO is growing in strength and the UK is a leader. More allies are meeting the 2 per cent spending guideline, or have developed plans to do so. We are the second largest defence spender in NATO, one of only a small number of allies to spend 2 per cent of our GDP on defence, and invest 20 per cent of that in upgrading equipment. We can be proud of what we have achieved since 2015. But we have to also be vigilant. National security challenges have become more complex, intertwined and dangerous since 2015 and these threats are moving much faster than anticipated. Persistent, aggressive state competition now characterises the international security context. In response to the growing threats the MDP was launched in January. And, in the last year, our Armed Forces have demonstrated their growing capability, engaged globally, and supported the prosperity of the UK. The Royal Navy has increased its mass and points of presence around the world. We have taken steps to forward base the Army, enhancing our global posture. The Royal Air Force has continued to innovate, and has celebrated a proud past its RAF100 years since its creation. Progress has also made in cyber and space, as the changing character of warfare makes both domains increasingly important. We have reinforced the UK’s position as a leading voice in NATO and on European security. And, our Armed Forces have led the way for Global Britain, tackling our adversaries abroad to protect our security at home and nurturing enduring relationships with our allies and partners. Through the work over the past year the MDP has identified three broad priorities, supported by the additional £1.8 billion invested in Defence. Firstly, we will mobilise, making more of what we already have to make our current force more lethal and better able to protect our security. The UK already has a world-leading array of capabilities. We will make the most effective use of them. We will improve the readiness and availability of a range of key Defence platforms: major warships, attack submarines, helicopters and a range of ISTAR platforms. We are adjusting our overseas training and deployments to increase our global points of presence, better to support allies and influence adversaries. To improve the combat effectiveness of our Force, we will re-prioritise the current Defence programme to increase weapon stockpiles. And we are accelerating work to assure the resilience of our Defence systems and capabilities. We can mobilise a full spectrum of military, economic and soft power capabilities. And, where necessary and appropriate we will make sure we are able to act independently. We will also enhance efforts with our allies and partners, aligning our plans more closely with them, acting as part of combined formations, developing combined capabilities, and burden-sharing. And we continue to invest in, and grow, our global network of Defence personnel and the education and training we offer in the UK and overseas. Secondly, we will modernise, embracing new technologies to assure our competitive edge Our adversaries and competitors are accelerating the development of new capabilities and strategies. We must keep pace, and conceive of our joint force as consisting of five domains, air, land, sea, cyber and space, rather than the traditional three. We must modernise, targeting priority areas. A major new step will involve improved Joint Forces Command that will be in a better position so that defence can play a major role in preventing conflict in the future and improve our cyber operations and capabilities across the armed forces but also across government as well. This year Defence’s Innovation Fund put £20 million towards projects in areas including unmanned air systems, virtual reality training, and enhanced digital communications for the Future Commando Force. The fund will grow to £50 million next financial year, increasing the scope, ambition and value of the projects it can support. We will launch new ‘Spearhead’ innovation programmes that will apply cutting-edge technologies to areas including sub-surface threats to our submarines, our intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance capability, and command and control in the Land Environment as well. And to drive innovation and change through the Department I am launching a Transformation Fund. Next year, I will ring-fence £160 million of MOD’s budget to create this fund available for innovative new military capabilities. I will look to make a further £340 million available as part of the Spending Review. This fund will be available for new innovative military capabilities which allows us to stay one step ahead of our adversaries. Together these and other steps will enable the acceleration of our modernisation plans. Thirdly, we will transform, radically changing the way we do business in Defence. We need to improve markedly the way we run Defence. To sustain strategic advantage in a fast-changing world, we must be able and capable of continuous and timely adaptation. We will embrace modern business practices and establish a culture that nurtures transformation and innovation. We also need to create financial headroom for modernisation. Based on our work to date, we expect to achieve over the next decade the very demanding efficiency targets we were set in 2015, including through investment in a programme of digital transformation. We will develop a comprehensive strategy to improve recruitment and retention of talent, better reflecting the expectations of the modern workforce. We will access more effectively the talents of our ‘Whole Force’ across all three Services, Regulars, Reserves, Civil Service and industrial partners. Looking ahead, dealing effectively with persistent conflict and competition will increasingly hinge on smarter, better informed long-range strategy. To help achieve these goals we will establish a permanent Net Assessment Unit, as well as a Defence Policy Board of external experts, to bring challenge to Defence policy and to Defence strategy. Our achievements under the MDP have made Defence stronger. The capability investments and policy approaches set out, with the £1.8 billion worth of Defence funding, will help us keep on track to deliver the right UK Defence for the challenging decade ahead. Without a shadow of a doubt, there is more work to be done as we move towards next year’s Spending Review. We must sustain this momentum if we are to realise our long-term goals of increasing the lethality, reach and mass of our Armed Forces. I will do everything within my power to make sure that the UK remains a Tier-One military power in the decade ahead, and that we continue to deliver the strong defence and security that has been the hallmark of the government. I commend this statement to the House. The Modernising Defence Programme The Rt Hon Gavin Williamson CBE MP Related Download Available Here	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1538
__label__wiki	0.982135	0.982135	"The Immeasurable World: Journeys in Desert Places" (Encore Broadcast) By Rich Fisher • Nov 29, 2018 Aired on Thursday, November 29th. (Note: This interview originally aired back in August.) Our guest is the award-winning British author and journalist William Atkins, whose latest book -- a dense and engrossing blend of history, memoir, geography, and travel writing -- is called "The Immeasurable World: Journeys in Desert Places." It's a work that, per The Wall Street Journal, "courts comparisons with the capaciously learned nature writing of John McPhee. But there's also an open-ended spiritual quest to Mr. Atkins's sojourns, which follow closely in the footsteps of religious and literary forerunners who were lured by the rewards of extreme renunciation." Desert Locations and Terrains Memoir and Autobiography Climate Change, and Using Technology to Monitor It: A Chat with Prof. Ryan Perroy By Rich Fisher • Jun 30, 2017 On this edition of ST, an interesting chat with Prof. Ryan Perroy, who teaches in the Dept. of Geography and Environmental Science at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. Prof. Perroy is currently visiting Tulsa, and he stopped by our studios to discuss how he studies and tracks various challenges associated with climate change in Hawaii, including rising sea-levels, warming temperatures, coral bleaches, and so on. He also speaks about how he and his colleagues employ state-of-the-art technology -- including drones -- to monitor these challenges. "Explorers' Sketchbooks: The Art of Discovery and Adventure" (Encore Presentation) (Note: This program first aired in April.) On this installment of ST, we speak with the British author and historian Huw Lewis-Jones, who is one of the editors (along with his wife, Kari Herbert) of an engaging book called "Explorers' Sketchbooks: The Art of Discovery and Adventure." As was noted of this book in a starred review in Library Journal: "The intersection of adventure, art, and memoir doesn't get any better than this title, edited by polar guides and husband-and-wife team Lewis-Jones and Herbert. "Fisherman's Blues: A West African Community at Sea" By Rich Fisher • Mar 16, 2018 Our guest is the accomplished nonfiction writer, journalist, and essayist, Anna Badkhen, who is currently a Tulsa Artist Fellow at work on her first novel. She joins us to discuss her book, "Fisherman's Blues: A West African Community at Sea," a detailed and engaging volume just recently published. Per the Dallas Morning News: "In elegiac vignettes, Badkhen portrays the trick and snare of a heroic and punishing profession.... "The Big Ones: How Natural Disasters Have Shaped Us (and What We Can Do About Them)" By Rich Fisher • May 21, 2018 Our guest is the California-based seismologist, Dr. Lucy Jones, whose new book is "The Big Ones." It offers a bracing look at some of the history's greatest natural disasters, world-altering events whose reverberations we continue to feel today. At Pompeii, for example, Dr. Jones explores how a volcanic eruption in the first century AD challenged prevailing views of religion. Later in the book, she examines the California floods of 1862 and how they show that memory itself can change or fade over successive generations. 'Living, Breathing Archaeology' In The Arizona Desert By editor • Mar 24, 2012 If you walk through the desert in southern Arizona you can find evidence of a major migration. Water bottles, shoes, food wrappers — these are some of the things left behind by the thousands of people who try to cross the border between Mexico and the United States every year. For some people, the items are trash to be cleaned up; for others, they offer a window into a perilous voyage. Combing The Desert A Scientist Dreams Up A Plan To Stop The Sahara From Expanding By Daniel Charles • Sep 9, 2018 The Sahara desert is expanding, and has been for at least a century. It's a phenomenon that seems impossible to stop. But it hasn't stopped at least one group of scientists from dreaming of a way to do it. And their proposed solution, a grand scheme that involves covering vast areas of desert with solar panels and windmills, just got published in the prestigious journal Science. "Hidden Cities: A Memoir of Urban Exploration" (Encore presentation.) By Rich Fisher • Jul 3, 2013 (Note: This show originally aired earlier this year.) If you're something of a daredevil, and further, if you've ever wondered what it'd be like to climb to the top of the Brooklyn Bridge --- or wander amid the catacombs beneath Paris, or maybe just take an up-close look at a "ghost station" within the far-reaching New York City subway system --- you might be a latent "urban explorer." Our guest is an active explorer of this sort; Moses Gates, who joins us by phone, is also an urban planner, a licensed New York City tour guide, and an assistant professor of demography at the Pratt Institute	cc/2019-30/en_head_0048.json.gz/line1539

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