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How a Project-X-like party in Texas wrecked a $500,000 home.
A few years ago, a ?Project X?-type party attended by more than 2,000 people overnight at a farm in Mecosta County, Michigan got out of control where six people had to be hospitalized and one woman reported to have been sexually assaulted.
Deputies from the Mecosta County Sheriff?s Office were dispatched to a traffic complaint due to cars parked in the roadway which lead to the discovery of a large rave party at a Hinton Township residence
The crowd of more than 2,000 consisted mostly of people under the age of 21. Medical units had to be dispatched to the scene treating multiple alcohol patients and drug related injuries and overdoses. Individuals were sent to Kelsey Hospital in Lakeview, Mount Pleasant Hospital, and Spectrum Health in Big Rapids.
?It was insane,? said Charrelle Dunston who was hired to dance at the party. ?I?ve never seen so many people in like a gathering like that. It was amazing though.?
Dunston said the party was no accident. It was organized through social media as a ?Project X? type gathering, similar to a 2012 movie of the same name about teens who throw a massive house party using social media. Invitations sent out over social media billed the party as ?Project P ? Danny?s B-Day.?
?It was all online on Facebook, they weren?t giving the address out until a couple hours before the party,? said Dunston. ?That way the cops couldn?t plan for it and try to stop it.?
Jim Purdy, who lives about two miles away from the site noticed a large number of cars coming into the area Saturday afternoon. He could hear the music and party loud and clear. ?It was just a lot of boom boxes, a lot of music, people going back and forth. I figured there was a party somewhere, but I didn?t have any idea it?d be like this.?
Project X is an out-of-control comedy that follows a group of buds who set out to throw the most epic 17th birthday party ever.
The film documents three seemingly anonymous high school seniors ? Thomas, Costa and J.B. ? as they attempt to finally make a name for themselves.
Their idea is innocent enough: let?s throw a party that no one will forget, and have a camera there, to document history in the making?but nothing could prepare them for this party.
Word spreads quickly as dreams are ruined, records are blemished and legends are born.
A group of teenagers have been accused of wrecking a $500,000 home in a copycat of the film ?Project X.?
In Texas, in 2012, teens threw a similar party at an empty home before going on a wrecking spree with the building owners saying it looked like it had been hit by a tornado. Nearly every window in the Houston home had been smashed, and walls kicked in.
In the movie, matters spiral out of control as words about the party spreads and the house they host the party in is destroyed by fire, along with parts of the neighbourhood. ?When you look at the movie, and you look at what happened here, the parallels are the uncanny,? said a neighbor.
?It was a copycat. They did everything that I saw in the movie. There were liquor bottles, beer bottles. I mean it was a big party,? he said.
Among the bottles, sheet-rock inescapably lay ripped across the floor mixed with the glass from the two-story home?s many windows.
Doors, torn from their hinges, contributed to the piles while above them, holes punctured the walls.
Police arrested 13 teens at the scene of the 4,000sq ft wrecked home. Of the 13 arrested, two of those were juveniles and were released into the care of their parents. The other 11 were charged with criminal trespass and taken to jail.
With the home?s builder estimating the repair costs to be between $80,000 to $100,000, the teens are expected to face serious criminal charges.
In Los Angeles in 2012, hundreds of teenage revelers, inspired by the movie, descended on a home in an exclusive part of Los Angeles after being tipped off it was empty on social networking sites. Terrifying footage from a neighbour?s CCTV camera shows the 500-strong mob rampaging through a street in Holmby Hills ?like a swarm of bees?.
Police wearing riot gear were called and neighbours reported seeing youths jumping from the second floor of the property and running though other the backyards of other backyards to escape.
The Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) said many of the party-goers had come from another event in Beverley Hills that had been stopped. They learnt of the new venue via social networking sites like Twitter and Facebook and smartphones.
Local resident Mindy Newman was peacefully reading when she noticed the arrival of teens at about 10:30pm ?like a swarm of bees?. When police arrived, the merrymakers ?scattered like mice?.
A local police officer noted that American teens such as those involved in the two LA parties were inspired by the behaviour glorified in film Project X.
He said: ?They are out of control, destructive and violent and now life is imitating art in Los Angeles.?
Officer Karen Rayner, a spokeswoman for LAPD, said of the Bel Air shindig: ?It was fairly large and destructive.
?They [the teens] committed vandalism, they stole things. They basically trashed the location.?
Neighbour Shana Manlopic said the sight of the teen mob was ?kind of scary?.
There were several arrests following both parties, with charges including vandalism, burglary and drug possession.
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Home NEWS National News The Latest: House records enough votes to impeach Trump
The Latest: House records enough votes to impeach Trump
Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., left, walks with President Donald Trump as they board Air Force One upon arrival at Valley International Airport, Tuesday, Jan. 12, 2021, in Harlingen, Texas, after visiting a section of the border wall with Mexico in Alamo, Texas. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon)
WASHINGTON (AP) — The Latest on the fallout from the attack of the U.S. Capitol by pro-Trump loyalists (all times local):
A majority of the U.S. House has voted to impeach President Donald Trump for a second time, just a week after he encouraged loyalists to “fight like hell” against election results and a mob of his supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol.
The House vote on an article of impeachment for incitement of insurrection was still underway Wednesday, but the Democratic-led House had secured enough votes to impeach Trump. Some Republicans joined Democrats in voting to impeach the president.
During debate before the vote, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi asked Republicans and Democrats to “search their souls.” Trump is the first American president to be impeached twice.
The impeachment proceedings came one week after a violent, pro-Trump mob breached the Capitol, sending lawmakers into hiding and revealing the fragility of the nation’s history of peaceful transfers of power. Five people died.
Trump has taken no responsibility for the riot.
HERE’S WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT THE FALLOUT FROM THE RIOTING AT THE CAPITOL:
The House plans an unprecedented vote Wednesday to impeach President Donald Trump for a second time. The move comes one week after he encouraged a mob of loyalists to “fight like hell” against election results and the Capitol became the target of a deadly siege.
— House on verge of 2nd impeachment of Trump
—FBI says it warned of prospect of violence ahead of riots
—Trump’s GOP wall erodes ahead of impeachment vote
—Safest place in Washington no more: A reporter’s disbelief
President-elect Joe Biden’s transition team says it’s taking the threat of violence across the U.S. in the runup to the inauguration “incredibly seriously.”
It says Biden received a briefing Wednesday on preparations for the event from top law enforcement officials.
In a statement, the Biden transition said senior officials at the FBI and the Secret Service and members of his national security team briefed the president-elect on the “threat picture, and on the preparations being put in place to deter and defend against violent disruptions or attacks.” Biden’s team will continue to receive daily briefings on the issue before the Jan. 20 inauguration.
Biden’s team is “focused on laying the groundwork for a smooth handoff in power that will ensure continuous command and control across the homeland security and law enforcement components.”
Security across Washington has increased in the wake of last week’s deadly insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, and a number of protests are planned both in Washington and in state capitols and cities across the U.S. in the coming days.
Newly elected Michigan Rep. Peter Meijer says that “with a heavy heart” he will join some other Republicans in supporting impeachment proceedings against President Donald Trump.
Meijer announced he would vote to impeach Trump in a statement released Wednesday as the House was debating the proceedings. He said the vote “isn’t a victory for my party, and isn’t the victory Democrats might think it is.”
But after a violent mob of Trump supporters stormed the Capitol last week in an effort to overturn Democrat Joe Biden’s win, Meijer says it’s a step “for us to reflect on these events and seek ways to correct them.”
Meijer said impeaching Trump will likely exacerbate division and set precedent. But he ultimately concluded it is a “meaningful” way to hold Trump accountable for the “seriousness” of his actions.
Voting is underway in the House on impeaching President Donald Trump over the violent siege at the U.S. Capitol last week by a mob of his supporters.
Lawmakers are voting Wednesday on impeaching Trump on a single charge, incitement of insurrection. If it passes, Trump would be the first president to be impeached twice.
The riot has forced a reckoning among some Republicans, who have stood by Trump throughout his presidency and largely allowed him to spread false attacks against the integrity of the 2020 election.
While Trump’s first impeachment in 2019 brought no Republican votes in the House, at least seven House Republicans were breaking with the party to join Democrats this time.
Trump has taken no responsibility for the riot, suggesting it was the drive to oust him rather than his actions around the bloody riot that was dividing the country.
Democratic Rep. Ayanna Pressley of Massachusetts says her husband has tested positive for COVID-19 following last week’s siege and subsequent lockdown at the Capitol.
Pressley said in a statement that Conan Harris received a positive test Tuesday evening. Pressley says she received a negative test result.
Harris had accompanied Pressley to her swearing-in ceremony last week and was with her in the Capitol complex throughout the Jan. 6 attack. Harris has shown mild symptoms and remains in isolation, along with Pressley and staff who were in close contact.
Pressley said Wednesday: “As my colleagues and I sought shelter from the white supremacist mob that violently attacked our seat of government, we were greeted by a different threat — one posed by my callous Republican colleagues who, in this crowded and confined space, repeatedly refused to wear masks when offered.”
Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell has said in a note to his fellow Republican senators that he is undecided on whether President Donald Trump should be convicted if the House votes to impeach him.
McConnell said in the letter Wednesday: “While the press has been full of speculation, I have not made a final decision on how I will vote and I intend to listen to the legal arguments when they are presented to the Senate.”
The House is poised to vote to impeach Trump on Wednesday for a second time after he egged on a violent mob of his supporters who invaded the Capitol last week.
President Donald Trump says he opposes violence in a statement read on the House floor as members debate impeaching him for his role in fomenting the violent insurrection at the Capitol last week.
Trump’s message was read Wednesday by GOP Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio.
Trump says in a statement: “In light of reports of more demonstrations, I urge that there must be NO violence, NO lawbreaking and NO vandalism of any kind.” Trump adds: “That is not what I stand for, and it is not what America stands for. I call on ALL Americans to help ease tensions and calm tempers.”
Trump is on the verge of being impeached for a second time in a fast-moving House vote, just a week after he encouraged loyalists to “fight like hell” against election results and then a mob of his supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. Five people died, including a U.S. Capitol Police officer.
The president falsely claimed widespread voter fraud cost him the election won by Democrat Joe Biden.
The number of people arrested on criminal charges related to last week’s riot at the U.S. Capitol has exceeded 100.
The count by The Associated Press resulted from a nationwide review of court records and announcements of arrests issued by law enforcement agencies. The charges range from misdemeanor curfew violations in the District of Columbia to federal felonies related to the assault of law enforcement officers, theft of government property and possessing firearms and explosives.
Federal prosecutors and the FBI said this week they are pursing dozens more suspects who have been identified through photos and videos from the Jan. 6 melee and tips from the public.
Those newly arrested Wednesday include 56-year-old Robert Keith Packer, of Newport News, Virginia. His mugshot appears to match the bearded man photographed at the Capitol wearing a hoodie emblazoned with “Camp Auschwitz” and the phrase “Work Brings Freedom,” a translation of the German phrase from the gates of the Nazi concentration camp where more than 1.1 million Jews and others were murdered during World War II.
Rep. Dan. Newhouse of Washington has added his name to the short list of Republicans supporting the impeachment of President Donald Trump.
He said Tuesday on the House floor that the article of impeachment is flawed, but he will not use process as an excuse to vote no.
He says, “There is no excuse for President Trump’s actions.”
Newhouse says the president took an oath to defend the Constitution against all enemies foreign and domestic. Yet he says when there was a “domestic threat at the door of the Capitol,” the president “did nothing to stop it.”
He says he will vote for impeachment “with a heavy heart and clear resolve.”
House Republican leader Kevin McCarthy says President Donald Trump “bears responsibility” for last week’s storming of the Capitol by his supporters.
McCarthy, a close Trump ally, says the president “should have immediately denounced the mob when he saw what was unfolding.”
But McCarthy also says he believes it would be a mistake to impeach Trump in such a short time frame. Trump leaves office on Jan. 20 when Joe Biden is inaugurated.
The House is set to vote later Wednesday on impeaching Trump, accusing him of rallying the violent mob.
McCarthy says “a vote to impeach would further divide this nation, a vote to impeach will further fan the flames, the partisan division.”
The California lawmaker is calling instead for a fact-finding commission and censure resolution.
The Capitol Police’s inspector general is opening an investigation into the department to look into events surrounding last week’s riot at the Capitol that resulted in five deaths, including a Capitol Police officer.
That’s according to a House aide with knowledge of the investigation. The aide was not authorized to discuss the matter publicly and spoke on condition of anonynmity.
Michael A. Bolton is the inspector general and he will lead the review. It will focus on security preparations for the Jan. 6 congressional vote to certify the presidential election, as well as the department’s response.
Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund resigned in the wake of the riot, as did the top security officials in the House and Senate. Assistant Capitol Police Chief Yogananda Pittman is now the acting chief.
The department is facing intense scrutiny after its lackluster response to the riot, poor planning and failure to anticipate the seriousness of the threat drew widespread condemnation.
— By AP writer Matthew Daly
If the House impeaches President Donald Trump, a Senate trial on whether to convict him of inciting insurrection seems all but certain to have to wait until President-elect Joe Biden is inaugurated.
That’s the word from a spokesman for Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell. The spokesman says aides to the Kentucky Republican have told Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer’s staff that McConnell won’t agree to invoke powers calling senators into emergency session.
That means the Senate almost certainly won’t meet again until Jan. 19. That’s the day before Biden’s inauguration.
The House is set to vote later Wednesday on impeaching Trump, accusing him of rallying a violent mob of supporters to attack the Capitol last week.
Secretary of State Mike Pompeo is suggesting that President Donald Trump should be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting Arab-Israeli peace.
Pompeo’s suggestion, made on his official Twitter account, comes as the House is set to vote later Wednesday on impeaching Trump, accusing him of rallying a violent mob of supporters to attack the Capitol last week.
Trump and many of his allies have made no secret of their desire to see him honored with the Nobel Peace Prize, which is one of the world’s most distinguished awards.
Their campaign on his behalf has raised eyebrows because self-promotion for the prize is considered unseemly.
Pompeo tweeted a photo of Trump waving from a White House balcony with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and senior officials from the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain and copied the Nobel committee.
The photo was taken in September last year when Israel normalized relations with the UAE and Bahrain under the so-called Abraham Accords, which were negotiated by Trump’s son-in-law and senior adviser Jared Kushner. Since then Morocco and Sudan have also agreed to recognize Israel.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi says President Donald Trump represents a “clear and present danger” to the nation and must be impeached.
Pelosi says in a House speech that members of Congress and the country as a whole “experienced the insurrection that violated the sanctity of the people’s Capitol and attempted to overturn the duly recorded will of the American people″ in the presidential election.
She says “we know that the president of the United States incited this insurrection this armed rebellion against our common country. He must go. He is a clear and present danger to the nation that we all love.″
Pelosi says Trump has “repeatedly lied” about the outcome of the election that he lost to Democrat Joe Biden and Trump has “sowed self-serving doubt about democracy and unconstitutionally sought to influence state officials to repeat this armed rebellion against our country.″
The House is set to vote Wednesday afternoon on impeaching Trump, accusing him of rallying a violent mob of supporters to attack the Capitol last week.
Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina says the impeachment effort being pushed by House Democrats could “do great damage to the institutions of government” and he’s warning his GOP colleagues not to support it.
Graham is a frequent ally of President Donald Trump. Last week, Graham condemned the violent mob of the president’s supporters who invaded the Capitol. After that siege and after Trump had pushed the unconstitutional argument that Vice President Mike Pence could overturn the election results, Graham said to count him out and that “enough is enough.”
Still, Graham has stayed in touch with the increasingly isolated president.
And Graham’s message to fellow Republicans on impeachment is that those “who legitimize this process, you are doing great damage not only to the country, the future of the presidency, but also to the party.”
He says the millions of people who have supported Trump and his agenda “should not be demonized because of the despicable actions of a seditious mob.”
At least five GOP House members have said they will support impeachment, and two Republican senators have called on Trump to resign. Another GOP senator has said he will take a look at the articles of impeachment when they are sent to the Senate.
The debate is heated almost from the start as the House sets up a vote to impeach President Donald Trump.
Democrats and a few Republicans say Trump must be removed immediately after he egged on a violent mob of supporters a week ago who then stormed the Capitol. The insurrection happened as some of Trump’s GOP allies were challenging his election defeat, echoing the president’s false claims that there was widespread fraud in his loss to Democrat Joe Biden.
Most Republicans are saying impeachment is divisive. They’re not mentioning the president.
Republican Rep. Jim Jordan of Ohio is one of Trump’s most vocal defenders. Jordan blames Democrats for objecting to previous election results and he’s repeating baseless claims that the 2020 election was rigged.
But Democratic Rep. Jim McGovern of Massachusetts says Democrats haven’t pushed conspiracy theories that a president won in a landslide when he actually lost — which is what happened to Trump.
McGovern is looking back at the deadly Capitol siege and saying “people died because of the big lies that were being told.” And he says that’s enough to merit impeachment.
Democratic lawmakers have opened the historic impeachment effort in the House by saying that every moment Donald Trump is in the White House the nation is in danger.
Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Mass., says the debate is taking place at an “actual crime scene and we wouldn’t be here if it were not for the president of the United States.”
The House is considering impeaching Trump for the second time after last week’s riots at the Capitol as lawmakers met to certify the election results. McGovern says it was Trump and his allies who were stoking the anger of the violent mob.
He says Trump told the crowd to march to the Capitol and “the signal was unmistakable.”
Republican Rep. Tom Cole of Oklahoma said Jan. 6th would live in his memory as the darkest day of his service in the House. But Cole says the Senate could not even begin to consider impeachment until after President-elect Joe Biden is sworn in.
He says he can think of no action the House can take that would further divide the American people than the actions being taken Wednesday. He says “it’s unfortunate that a path to support healing is not the path the majority has chosen today.”
As the House opens its impeachment hearing, the District of Columbia National Guard says it has been authorized to arm troops assigned to security duty on the U.S. Capitol grounds.
The Guard said in a statement that the authority was requested by federal authorities and approved by Army Secretary Ryan McCarthy as of approximately 6 p.m. Tuesday.
Up to 15,000 Guard members are expected to be on duty in coming days in the district to support law enforcement in connection with the Jan. 20 inauguration of President-elect Joe Biden. Authorities are concerned about threats of violence, following the insurrection at the Capitol last week.
The House has opened its proceedings Wednesday, poised to impeach President Donald Trump for a second time exactly a week after his supporters stormed the Capitol to protest his election defeat.
At least five Republicans have said they will join Democrats in voting to remove Trump from office. The article of impeachment charges the president with “incitement of insurrection.”
The House chaplain opened the session with a prayer for “seizing the scales of justice from the jaws of mob-ocracy.”
A vote is expected by the end of the day.
Republican Rep. Adam Kinzinger is predicting more Republicans will join him in voting to impeach President Donald Trump.
The House is set to vote Wednesday afternoon on impeaching Trump for a second time, accusing him of rallying a violent mob of supporters to attack the U.S. Capitol last week. If that isn’t an impeachable offense, Kinzinger said, “I don’t know what is.”
Several other Republicans are backing impeachment, including No. 3 GOP leader Liz Cheney.
“This is one of these moments that transcends politics,” the Illinois lawmaker told “CBS This Morning” in an interview ahead of the vote.
Besides Kinzinger and Cheney, other Republicans backing impeachment are John Katko of New York, Fred Upton of Michigan and Jaime Herrera Beutler of Washington.
Kinzinger wouldn’t say how many more GOP lawmakers might vote to impeach, but said, “there’ll be more than the five you’ve seen so far.”
Previous articleCamille Cosby: Capitol insurrection a reminder that ‘hatred is a hellish emotion’
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Home PoliticsAfrica News I am not corrupt as alleged – AGF, Malami letter to Buhari
Africa NewsLatest NewsPoliticsUS NewsWorld News
I am not corrupt as alleged – AGF, Malami letter to Buhari
by By Romanus Okoye August 11, 2020
written by By Romanus Okoye August 11, 2020
Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, Abubakar Malami, has written to President Muhammadu Buhari, debunking allegations of corruption.
Malami in the letter listed all his sources of income, which he declared in the assets declaration form filed with the Code of Conduct Bureau (CCB) in 2015 when he was appointed minister and reappointed last July.
He said he was already wealthy before being appointed minister, having engaged in enterprises such as hotels, farms, food production and processing, restaurants and legal services.
The letter followed allegations of corruption by a group, an action Malami described as campaign of calumny by his detractors to tarnish his hard-earned reputation.
AGF, Malami letter to Buhari
The letter read: “I have taken a personal decision to seek remedy from the court as a result of the series of derogatory contents so published against me. In the same vein, I have written the Inspector General of Police to investigate the matter. I nonetheless, felt it is imperative to write Your Excellency on the subject above. This is because the crux of their campaign is to falsely portray me as a corrupt officer who used public office to acquire wealth and build an empire.
“On the contrary Your Excellency, since my appointment as minister in your cabinet, I have conducted myself strictly within the confines of the Code of Conduct for Public Officers contained in Part 1 of the Fifth Schedule of the 1999 Constitution of Nigeria, as amended.
“It is to be noted that apart from my successful legal practice of more than 20 years, seven of which were as a Senior Advocate of Nigeria (SAN) before my appointment, I have as allowed by law had intrests in business ventures, all of which I had resigned from active participation upon my appointment.
“Among other things, I owned lucrative business ventures of Rayhaan Hotels and Rayhaan Food & Drinks, both in Kano, since December 13, 2013, years before the 2015 election that saw to the victory of President Muhamadu Buhari and long before I was appointed minister in the first term. That informs why those items were included among 27 property listed in the Code of Conduct Bureau form filled by Malami when he was first appointed a minister.
“Apart from the above as income from the government, Your Excellency is invited to also note that while the Code of Conduct for Public Officers prohibits my active participation in the running of my already established ventures, it does not preclude me from gaining the fruit of my establishments. Hence, earnings from mainly the hotels, restaurants, farms are used to either improve these ventures or to expand and build new ones. In all these, the requirement of the law is that I declare at the point of exit from office as I have declared at the point of entry.
“On assumption of office in 2015, I had course as a constitutional requirement to file my assets declaration form at the point of assuming duty as a Minister of the Federal Republic of Nigeria detailing my assets which include: my houses (both residential and others) farmlands, hotel, school and other enterprises. Statements of accounts from all my banks were also submitted to the Code of Conduct which were duly verified as is the procedure after submission is made. A copy of the form is attached hereto as annexure1, should Your Excellency wish to personally review it.
“As a public officer, my sources of income were streamlined and narrowed to my entitlements from the government coffers. These entitlements come in the form of salaries, allowances and estacodes. For the period, I have served as a minister,for the 1st term, starting from November 11, 2015 to May 28, 2019, the cumulative figure of what constitutes these entitlements is as provided for in our laws relating to the salary and emoluments of political office holders.’’
“As Attorney General of the Federation and Minister of Justice, I pledge to continue to uphold the highest ideals in respecting the professionalism of the office and to continue to serve the government with the best intent in mind in order to enable President Buhari’s administration achieve all the development goals set out.”
He also attached the Code of Conduct Bureau forms he filled, the statement of accounts of all the businesses he owned regarding the turnover, covering the period of his appointment to date.
Source: The Sun
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PITCH H&O Myanmar Alliance Myanmar
As part of the PITCH programme in Myanmar, Myanmar Alliance will strengthen both MPWN and MPG as networks. Alliance Myanmar will conduct a leadership training for MPWN and MPG and area representatives. The training addresses the importance of future leadership from the next generation and how to strengthen communication and relationship with network members. They will also make advocacy visits to 3 selected townships (Kachin, Lashio and Shwebo) to strengthen their network activities in those townships. The overall goal is to strengthen the common advocacy voice for treatment-related issues (e.g. adherence problems, stigma, and discrimination).
The work on adolescent girls and young women contributes to the following ToC outcomes:
S1: Increased and levelled understanding among key decision makers, family members and within KP (including young KPs) and AGYW communities about health and rights issues affecting KPs and AGYW.
S3: KP and AGYW CSOs have improved capacity to capture and utilise evidence to inform their advocacy agenda and strategies.
S4: Strategic partnerships formed between KP/AGYW CSOs and other pro-reform influencers (key influential networks, media, and government service providers) utilised to call for improved services.
M1: Scaled-up, strong and united voice among KP and AGYW-led CSOs and communities advocating for the rights of KPs and AGYW at both local (rural and urban) and national levels.
A total of 240 young girls and women will be reached directly through training on capacitating for sexual and reproductive health rights.
A total of 48 network members of MPG and MPWN will be trained to strengthen their interpersonal skills for leadership.
Further meetings, site visits, and technical support visits will be organised to enhance the National PLHIV Network Strengthening and communication.
PITCH seeks to strengthen the capacities of local civil society organisations to advocate for sexual and reproductive health and rights, and uphold the human rights of key populations. Our work centres around key populations, adolescent girls and young women in nine countries in East, West and Southern Africa, South-East Asia, and Central Europe. These communities in many contexts carry the main HIV burden. At the same time, they are often neglected in the HIV response and face many barriers in accessing HIV and SRH services as well as human rights violations. PITCH addresses this urgent gap, and is reactive and responsive to local needs/urgencies that have been identified in its geographical foci.
Myanmar is currently experiencing a national concentrated HIV epidemic. In 2014, the incidence of new HIV infections was approximately 9,000. AIDS related mortality data is estimated at 11,000. The prevalence of HIV in the general population is 0.54% in populations age 15 and above and 0.7% amongst young people.The epidemic is rapidly increasing amongst female sex workers (FSW), with Health Sentinel Sero-Surveillance (HSS) 2014 data reporting a HIV prevalence of 6.44% among FSW. There are huge regional diversions however: prevalence amongst sex workers in Yangon is calculated at 25% and in Mandalay at 20% (IBBS 2015).
Contributed within this project
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Old Man Logan Vol. 9: The Hunter and the Hunted review
'E-Ratic' #2 review
'Rorschach' #4 review
Turns out pitting Old Man Logan against Spider-Man and Daredevil villains is a recipe for an entertaining read that’ll leave you satisfied.
Chris Hassan
Marvel just kicked off its 12-part Dead Man Logan series, which promises to bring the elder Wolverine from an alternate future’s story to a close. I read the first issue, and it’s a strong start to this character’s send-off, so you should definitely check it out–even if you haven’t been keeping up with Logan’s monthly adventures (which I haven’t been). Fortunately, the latest Old Man Logan trade paperback is on sale to help me and others in my situation do just that!
Old Man Logan Vol. 9: The Hunter and the Hunted is also quite good, which shouldn’t come as much of a surprise as it’s written by Ed Brisson, who’s consistently produced entertaining Logan adventures since writer Jeff Lemire left the series.
When writer Brian Michael Bendis brought back Mark Millar’s Old Man Logan character during the Secret Wars mega event, I’ll admit, I was skeptical. I wasn’t sure we needed another version of Wolverine running around the Marvel Universe, but the series has actually allowed creators to tell stories we likely wouldn’t have seen had regular Logan never “died.”
Image Credit: Marvel Comics
I mean, just look at this collection’s two main adversaries–Kraven the Hunter and Bullseye. This isn’t a Spider-Man or Daredevil book, so what are these guys doing here? It doesn’t really matter, because throwing them into Old Man Logan’s world just makes for fresh stories.
While I’m a bit tired of Kraven hunting heroes who aren’t Spidey (wasn’t he just hunting Captain America in writer Mark Waid’s most recent run?), Brisson and artist Francesco Manna manage to deliver a fun two-issue arc in the Savage Land. I especially enjoyed the dynamic between the arrogant and delusional Kraven and Logan, who has zero patience for the hunter’s whole schtick. It’s always fun to see Marvel characters trying to stay alive in the Savage Land’s prehistoric jungle, and you can tell Manna’s having a blast illustrating it all, including dinosaurs and, of course, Ka-Zar and Zabu.
The second half of this trade paperback is a complete 180 in tone, as we go from jungle action to a grounded, action-packed revenge story centered around Bullseye’s murderous acts. This is brutal story featuring bullets, explosions and flipping cars, and it’s all masterfully brought to life by artist Juan Ferreyra, whose pencils, inks and colors give the story a realistic, almost painted feeling, somewhat reminiscent of artist Mike Mayhew’s comics work.
While it’s always depressing to see how much damage Bullseye does to the world around him, there is a bit of levity in this story courtesy of guest star (and, I guess, Old Man Logan’s sidekick) Glob Herman. I’ll admit, seeing Ferreyra’s realistic art style applied to a “giant, pink see-through mutant” is pretty freaky–but also very cool to see.
Overall, this latest Old Man Logan collection isn’t required reading for those who’re interested in reading Dead Man Logan, but it should be for Wolverine fans looking for Logan stories they never knew they wanted. Although I think the Marvel Universe has a few too many clawed individuals in it already, I’ll definitely miss Old Man Logan’s solo series and the opportunity it presented to appreciate the X-Men’s canucklehead in a new light.
Old Man Logan Vol. 9: The Hunter and the Hunted
Turns out pitting Old Man Logan against Spider-Man and Daredevil villains is a recipe for an entertaining read that'll leave you satisfied.
Kraven works surprisingly well as an Old Man Logan adversary.
Trips to the Savage Land are always fun... because dinosaurs!
Ed Brisson and Juan Ferreyra deliver the next best thing to an Old Man Logan action flick.
It's clear the Bullseye story picks up threads from the villain's solo series, which Brisson wrote and some readers may not have read.
In this article:comic books, Ed Brisson, Marvel, review
3 Reasons Why: ‘Mighty Thor Vol. 5: The Death of the Mighty Thor’ is a story everyone should read
Harley Quinn #55 Review
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What Do Farmers Need to Know About Climate Change? Agriculture and Food Research Initiative
August 7, 2017Climate Column
By Tom Driscoll, Director of NFU Foundation and Conservation Policy
Climate change presents an enormous threat to farming and food security. A 2015 assessment report conducted by the U.S. Global Change Research Program noted that some models project the number of people at risk of undernourishment could grow by as many as 175 million by 2080 if greenhouse gas emissions are not sufficiently curbed. Significant investments in public and private research are needed to help farmers and food system stakeholders avoid such dire consequences.
One such source of assistance is the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), administered by the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA). AFRI supports scientists as they engage in urgent societal and global challenges that interface with food and agriculture, including climate change mitigation and adaptation. Agroclimate science is one designated area of emphasis for AFRI, which includes:
Crop and livestock breeding for climate resilience
Development of climate resilient agronomic and husbandry practices, such as research conducted at Cornell University that determines precisely how much water stress crops can tolerate before yield and quality are negatively impacted
On-farm emission reductions and carbon sequestration, like a research project at the University of Wisconsin that is examining all aspects of the dairy industry to find emissions reductions of 25% by 2020
AFRI’s funding increased for two consecutive years, but the appropriations bill currently under consideration would not increase its budget. As farmers face more disruptions from climate change, adequately funding AFRI and other research endeavors is becoming increasingly important. Farmers should ensure research is a priority in farm bill and appropriations deliberations, and should stay abreast of valuable content and tools derived from such research that may help make their operations more climate resilient.
How has publicly funded research improved your farm operation? Please share your thoughts in the comments below.
Like what you’ve read? Check out our Climate Leaders home page, join the conversation in the NFU Climate Leaders Facebook Group, and keep up-to-date with NFU climate action by signing up for the mailing list.
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No chink in the relationship between Saudi Arabia and the UAE
by Khalaf Ahmad Al Habtoor
The two countries forming the solid backbone of our region in turmoil are the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, whose leaders have consistently displayed great strength, wisdom as well as loyalty to their people and to each other. And never more so than nowadays!
Our mutual enemies dream of dividing us, weakening us, setting us against each other using falsehoods and innuendos but they can never succeed. Rest assured that the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques King Salman bin Abdulaziz and His Highness Sheikh Khalifa bin Zayed Al-Nahyan, President of the UAE understand their nefarious games only too well.
Emiratis and Saudis are brothers sharing the same faith, language, culture, traditions, tribal roots and, in many cases, the same bloodlines. The food we eat is similar. We admire the same heroes and poets. In short, our ties have been solidified by our leaders over generations and go back long before God’s word was delivered to the Prophet Mohamed (PBUH).
They extend back beyond the lifetime of Hatim Al-Taee, a beloved poet from Ha’il, renowned for his exceptional generosity, who died in 578. Growing up, the phrase “More generous than Hatim” was commonly used.
Our forefathers were also inspired by the bravery of Antarah bin Shaddad from Najd, a slave whose personality, poetic gifts and heroism in battle secured his freedom until he met his maker in the year 608.
Our peoples were close even further back; friendships were formed when our camel trains navigated harsh desert conditions to trade in goods.
That was a time before passports and borders were invented. We were all Arabs of the Arabian Peninsula enjoying the hospitality of strangers during long journeys. Modernity’s march has changed our lifestyles and our cities beyond recognition, but we have never abandoned our core values or friendships. I long for the day when all borders are opened for Emirati and Saudi nationals.
The Kingdom is currently undergoing a major economic and social transition fuelled by Prince Mohammed bin Salman, its young and dynamic Crown Prince with the blessing of his father, His Majesty King Salman. The UAE is ready to advise and lend its support to these courageous transformative initiatives in every way possible.
We stand shoulder to shoulder with KSA during its upward thrust and look to expand our geopolitical, security, economic and social partnership as well as in the fields of education, sports, healthcare and technology. We have much to offer each other; together we can break all boundaries to open wide all doors between our two great Arab nations whose economic strengths have overtaken all others within the region.
Like that of the Emirates, the Saudi economy flourishes on both oil and non-oil related sectors and it is home to some of the world’s largest multi-nationals in numerous fields. These two Gulf States are leading the Arab World in development and innovation, albeit differently but with similar visions to engender growth and opportunity for all their nationals. United, our economies will flourish able to withstand all shocks and I predict we will soon join the world’s top ten economic forces.
Most crucially, we must give citizens a voice in major decision-making that impacts their lives and livelihoods. We need thinking leaders of industry and people with initiative unafraid to imagine, not clock-watching clerks.
There are many partnerships in our world based on temporary colliding interests that alter according to circumstances, but ours is not one of them. We are not only bound by blood and history, we need each other like one body breathing from the same lungs with hearts beating to the same rhythm. We are brothers and like all brothers we may have differences of opinion but ultimately our family is one and our future is one.
Our countries are on the exact same page when it comes to defeating the evils of extremism and terrorism threatening the peace and security of our peoples and others around the world, which is why we have bolstered our military, monitoring and intelligence apparatuses and coordinate on all fronts.
We now have the ability to defend not only ourselves but also those of our friends and neighbours willing to attach themselves to our iron-clad union as a protection against the biggest terrorist state Iran casting a dark shadow over all of us and its satellites ruining Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and, of course, Yemen, which thanks to the assertiveness of our rulers will soon be liberated from the Iranian mullahs’ destructive hands.
I cannot stress enough the importance of continued transparency and two-way dialogue in our relationship. Mistrust must never be allowed to creep in. As long as ‘clarity and simplicity’ is the rule – as it was in the past – it never will. Our enemies want to weaken our relationship, so that they can take hold of more of our region, but our ties and beliefs are too strong to be weakened by intimidation tactics.
I thank God for giving us exceptional leaders who have joined hands in raising the flag of our nations on the international arena and are committed to defending our peoples from threats in our ever more dangerous world.
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Join Us as We Leave
Queerly Grafted
An evening of stories, songs and lament from LGBTQ+ voices
On Saturday, March 14, we had an evening of song and stories in which LGBTQ+ people shared their stories of pain and appreciation and grief in their relationship with the Vineyard movement. While cautions surrounding COVID-19 made for a more subdued event than anticipated, we still hosted guest musicians (and partners), Madi Smith and Keara Hannan from Minnesota, along with a band made up of queer and ally talent.
The event was named “Queerly Grafted” in response to our hashtag #cutfromthevine – our message being that no church authorities can alter the reality that our beloved queer siblings are fully and equally grafted onto The Vine.
To queer something is also to disrupt dominant structures that perpetuate injustice. So to be queerly grafted means all those who seek to challenge the status quo when it excludes and harms. Wendy VanderWal Gritter hosted the evening with sensitivity and care about centering the LGBTQ+ voices that have been most directly affected by the recent decision of Vineyard Canada not to allow churches the option of full participation and affirmation for LGBTQ+ people.
(We did not succeed in recording the event Saturday night, and so this page is a compilation of the recorded stories and some of the songs that were repeated Sunday morning. Huge thanks to all of those who put this together and who shared their experiences with us so effectively and vulnerably.)
Sprinkled throughout the evening were stories (mostly recorded videos) from LGBTQ+ individuals across North America who have been a part of the Vineyard, sharing their history and responses.
After every story, these lines from a song by John L. Bell & Graham Maule were sung:
Will you leave your self behind if I but call your name?
Will you go where you don’t know and never be the same?
You can listen to the full song here.
Wendy then read this passionate letter from Emily Swan in Michigan:
I grew up in the Vineyard movement in the state of Indiana. My family was really involved in the church, so Vineyard imprinted on my spiritual formation at a critical development point in my life. That community cultivated a space where I felt like I belonged.
I loved everything about church—the music, the friendships, and the deep connection with Jesus that community nurtured in me. I loved church so much that I remember sitting in the back row with my friends one Sunday thinking, “If I could serve God the rest of my life in some kind of vocational capacity, that would make me happy.”
But I couldn’t imagine being a pastor, because I’m female. My naïve response to that thought was, “I should become a pastor’s wife.” It perplexes me now that the thought, “I should become a pastor’s wife,” didn’t cause me to question my religious framework. But, by repressing my desire to lead, I still had a way to fit in with my church group. It meant diminishing the fullness of my personal gifts and desires, but the pull of group acceptance was so strong—the good I felt I received from those bonds so powerful—that I let it dictate my life choices. In essence, I accepted a limited form of belonging because it allowed me to stay fully connected to my faith community.
At the age of 30 I let myself say I’m gay out loud for the first time. I’d had loads of practice repressing feelings for the sake of social belonging, but this one finally bubbled up in a way I couldn’t deny. And I was scared. Here, once again, a part of my being threatened my group standing—potentially in my family (though it turned out they were great), in my social circles, in my faith community, and vocationally. By that time I was living overseas, serving as a missionary and was the “international pastor” for a Vineyard church in Michigan. I knew coming out would potentially cost me everything. So I did nothing. For several years, I did nothing—until that became impossible.
During those years of knowing I was gay but feeling too afraid to come out, I searched for theological voices who might understand my predicament. I started tracking down writers who were not part of the elite white straight male Western academy, who might understand the dynamic of having an essential part of yourself be seen as problematic. In my quest I found the company of the marginalized—people crying out for justice, demanding dignity for their full humanity, and imagining a world where we accept and love others unconditionally. Among those voices I found a couple of books written by LGBTQ+ Christians, which gave me strength to own my story in the same way they’d learned to own theirs. (There were very few books available then. My wife, Rachel Murr, wrote the first memoir by a queer woman in an evangelical setting in the U.S. She presented an early version of that book to the Society of Vineyard Scholars.)
I’ve never felt Jesus so near as I did in those years. I’ve never heard God’s voice so clearly as I did in the time between coming out to myself and being fired. It was the voice of the comforter—the voice of the Advocate. Jesus assured me of God’s presence as my (now) co-pastor Ken Wilson and I walked our path of suffering, placing our hope in the vindicating power of a resurrection God.
In the end, I was the community sacrifice—the scapegoat onto which the entire denomination projected its anxieties about gender, sex, sexuality, biblicism, feminism, etc. Looking back, that system groomed me to be abused from childhood. Vineyard prepared me to be the sacrificial scapegoat by systematically telling me I had to repress parts of myself in order to truly belong. When I hear people refer to the Vineyard as a “tribe,” I cringe. I’m now more careful when I talk about church groups—I talk about being “part of” a church rather than “belonging to” a church—because when you belong to others they feel entitled to harm you.
I don’t like feeling like I need to find positive meaning in my Vineyard experience because, in the end, I carried the shame and sin of that group. It was a burden no “child of the Vineyard” should ever have been asked to carry. It was worse than you know, and worse than you can imagine. Faith leaders like to gloss over the gory details culminating in a bloody slaughter. No national leaders ever even asked to hear my story. I was publicly outed. Literally thousands of people knew about my relationship with Rachel before I’d had a chance to talk with extended family. I endured months of public deliberations over my body and my relationship. If I hadn’t had Rachel by my side, I likely would have taken my own life. It’s taken me five years of trauma therapy and the healing power of a truly safe church that Ken and I planted together for me to say, “I’m healed.” I am. I’m happier than I’ve ever been and I would never, ever go back to being in the closet.
That said, I so often to say to LGBTQ+ people that the healthy response for them when faced with a church “in transition” is to leave. They should leave. Make no mistake, you’re still not fully safe for LGBTQ+ people, even with your new affirming stance. You might think you are, but you’re not.
Even with me being an out, married, queer pastor, I can’t tell you the number of queer people who find it difficult to come through the doors of our church for the first time. One man showed up three Sundays in a row and sat, crying, in his car and couldn’t come in. Another woman came in and had a panic attack. Rachel and I are pretty affectionate naturally, but we try to be deliberate to sit in the front row and show affection—hug, hold hands, put an arm around each other—every week … to show queer people they really are safe to drop their guard. Literally every week I meet new queer people who are scared to be at church. But since you don’t have a queer pastor, don’t expect to have a lot of queer visitors. The damage is so deep that no matter who you are and what you say, it won’t be safe enough.
Your next steps?
Hire a queer pastor.
Listen to queer voice—REALLY listen and learn and implement changes. I was talking with a bisexual woman just this morning who said her company (the YMCA) claims it values diverse voices, but when she said she didn’t think they should be partnering with non-affirming churches because it was unsafe for her and others like her (not to mention the kids in the program), they minimized her words and forged ahead. A lot of churches and organizations say they want to hear queer people, but may not want to respond when things are uncomfortable or costly.
Fully cut your ties to the Vineyard and other non-affirming spaces. For the sake of your queer congregants. Don’t sing their music. Don’t recommend their conferences. Don’t reference their books. Do not join another denomination or network that is not fully affirming—and by fully, I mean across the board, not on a church-by-church basis. I’m personally affiliating with The Fellowship of Affirming Ministries (TFAM) in the United States. I wholeheartedly recommend Generous Space in Canada!
Train your straight allies to advocate in places that are not safe for your queer congregants. Train them to call out the “let’s just agree to disagree and bless each other” B.S. For there to ever be justice and reconciliation, you have to name the harm done and the person doing the harm needs to own it, repent, and change their ways. It does no good for the Good Realm of God when we gloss over naming the harm done and demanding an apology, reparations, and etc. You need to protect your queer congregants from spaces where their gender and/or sexuality is up for debate. God knows they’ve endured enough of that already with your long exit from the Vineyard movement.
Read the book Ken and I wrote, Solus Jesus: A Theology of Resistance. I don’t usually tout my own work, but you’re Vineyard, and you will particularly understand the theology. I talk about the danger of not naming the harm in part 2.
Finally, I don’t mean this letter to sound harsh. Only firm. It’s still far too difficult for me to spend much time thinking about how I’m writing this or the tone I use. Marginalized people will often sound (rightly) angry and sad and heartbroken. I’m actually immensely proud of your congregation. I know it’s difficult to break from the hold of a denomination. I know there are relationships lost, assets forfeited, and there’s dissipated influence. But we empty ourselves of our privilege—counting it all as loss—when we take up our cross and share the burden of the oppressed. It is our very gospel calling—following Jesus faithfully is what is at stake. And our reward is knowing we serve a risen Savior who will bless our path and vindicate our Good News.
My church, Blue Ocean Church Ann Arbor, sends you warm greetings. Many of our congregants “joined” your church online. We are your friends and we’ll pray for your church in our “prayers of the people” each week. Feel free to use us as a resource.
Thank you for standing with people like me.
You’re creating a truly safe space, and it is the kind of witness that will stand.
May the Spirit be with you.
Rev. Emily Swan
LA Henry, who played bass this evening, shared how the song “Break Dividing Walls” had been very meaningful for her. Under the circumstances, she wrote/adapted verses to add to the chorus and share her heart:
You spoke a place of commanded blessing
Where queer folk never can dwell
You spoke of anointing oil flowing
But doesn’t that mean us as well?
For years we tried to be patient
To your promised unity
Hoped your hearts might yet open up
To our rainbow family
We will not be excluded
We’re invited to the feast
Even though you cut us from the vine
We will take our place among the least
We are truly thanksgiving
For this opportunity
To open up our doors, our hearts, our lives
To the queer community
Cause we’re not really excluded
We’re still invited to the feast
Even though you’ve cut us from the vine
We welcome all to join us sing ….
Wendy closed the evening by inviting anyone in the LGBTQ+ community present to share a response to the evening and the recent events. Several did, including one woman, who travelled all the way from Halifax, who shared the pain caused by the very movement that first taught her that one could be LGBTQ+ and a faithful Christian, now making this painfully excluding decision. And another young woman who hadn’t been to church in many years (because of the exclusion she experienced) shared her appreciation of being able to be in a church, singing some familiar songs, and feeling fully welcome.
Chelsea came out from Winnipeg for this event, and she shared this in response:
I grew up in the United Methodist Church (UMC) in the United States. last year, at the UMC General Conference, the denomination adopted the Traditional Plan, the most restrictive and non-affirming option of those presented. one of the speakers for an affirming outcome was J.J. Warren; he spoke of wanting to be a pastor in the UMC because he loved the tradition. J.J. saw the UMC as his home.
the UMC was my home as well – even as I grew older and saw its imperfections. until last year, it felt like I always had a place there if I wanted to visit when I was in the US. when the UMC adopted the Traditional Plan, they made me feel like I was no longer welcome; they made me doubt if I ever truly had been welcome.
some people think they can stay neutral when it comes to welcoming LGBT+ people within their community. when I was growing up, there was this sense that since “the church” (whoever that may be) did not agree, everyone had to remain silent – the agreed upon position was that homosexuality was wrong. many people continue to let this fear guide them. instead of choosing courage to act out of love, they hide away in fear.
the decision of St. Croix Vineyard, their leadership team, their congregation, to choose not to be silent to the injustice that Vineyard Canada has decided in regards to LGBT+ individuals, is one of choosing courage and standing on the side of love. this is the kind of courage we need more often – when love is chosen over fear, when the myth of neutrality is shown for what it is. by speaking into the injustice, St. Croix Vineyard is letting love guide them, and choosing to be a beacon of hope for those seeking home.
when I came out as bisexual in 2018, I sought an affirming church. my new church is part of the United Church of Canada, a denomination with similar roots to the United Methodist Church. but like St. Croix Vineyard, the United Church of Canada has chosen love over fear and continues to be a home for LGBT+ people. when I see the rainbow Christ Candle on the altar at the front, I am reminded that those who gather there are serious about their ongoing commitment to inclusion of all people. I love knowing that when familiar hymns are sung, they are being sung in a safe place. I loved being able to reclaim church as a home.
tonight I saw that important reclaiming being done in your songs that were written or rewritten to speak into queer experiences. having songs that reflect us is beautiful. what St. Croix Vineyard is doing is also beautiful – saying they will stand up for love when their denomination decided not to be affirming. listening to queer voices, valuing queer lives and experiences, and shaping a safe place that welcomes all to find a church home – the importance of that can not be underestimated.
© 2021 Join Us as We Leave. Designed in New Brunswick by Jackets Creative
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Group Certification
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Controlled Wood
WHY CHOOSE AGC?
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Common Audit Findings
About UsWes Marlan2020-12-07T16:14:31-07:00
★ We’re hiring a Sales and Support Manager! Learn more and apply here.
American Green Consulting Group is in the business of helping you, and we’re a passionate team with years of experience with FSC® requirements. Learn more about each of our team members who will help you every step of the way towards your FSC® certification.
Chris Gibbons
“Responsible forestry makes good business sense.”
Using his degree in forest conservation from Michigan State University, Chris has worked in the forestry industry for many years and leads AGC’s team of FSC certification experts. Chris has also worked as the U.S. Chain of Custody Coordinator for the Rainforest Alliance, and he sat on the FSC International Technical Working Group, helping to rewrite the standards for Chain of Custody group and multi-site certifications. Chris uses his extensive experience with FSC standards to help businesses navigate the requirements of FSC Chain of Custody certifications. He specializes in group and multi-site certifications, but he is also knowledgeable about many other FSC certifications and requirements.
Chris’s breadth of experience working with businesses ranging in size from small sole-proprietorships to large multi-site corporations gives him a big-picture understanding on ways in which different businesses can successfully obtain and manage their FSC certifications with ease.
Chris believes that responsible forestry makes good business sense. In a market that increasingly demands environmentally aware practices, being able to put the FSC logo on your products is a big selling point, and it can set your business apart from the competition. Chris is a certified ISO 9001:2008 Lead Auditor.
Jess Gillen
Jess is an expert when it comes to FSC requirements — in fact, she’s considered one of the top FSC trademark specialists in the world. She spent years in the forestry division of Rainforest Alliance, working mainly with FSC certification. She became a certified Lead Auditor in 2012, and is knowledgeable about every facet of the auditing process.
Jess can answer any questions you have relating to annual reviews or trademarks. She also maintains AGC’s database information, reviews annual internal reports for each member, and helps members prepare for external audits.
Ted Hendrickx
Ted has been involved in natural resources management and research since 1987, obtaining his Masters Degree in Forest Resources from the D.B. Warnell School of Forest Resources at the University of Georgia along the way. Previous staff and manager roles have included work on assessment, research, management, policy, planning, and regulatory compliance activities in the western and southeastern regions of the U.S. Ted spent more than 18 years working in state government as a biologist, planning and policy advisor, and watershed planning and modeling unit manager. Ted has a Lean Six Sigma Green Belt Certification from the J. Mack Robinson College of Business at Georgia State University. Ted is a certified SCS Global Services Lead Auditor.
Taylor C. Bucci
As an independent consultant in chain of custody practices, Taylor provides expertise to FSC Chain of Custody (CoC) clients across the U.S. and conducts audits and assessments required for them to receive FSC certification. Taylor’s degree in Environmental Studies from the State University of New York is the base from which he has provided consultation for, and/or audited, more than 600 clients, including providing the written documentation required by the FSC to maintain the highest internationally recognized standard of forest products certification. Taylor is a certified ISO 9001:2008 Lead Auditor.
Amanda Castelda
Amanda has been involved in the sustainability and compliance industry for over 15 years. From market research and textile science to product safety and social compliance, every aspect of her education and career has touched on the relationship between consumers and the surrounding environment. Amanda is a graduate of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro with a Masters Degree in Consumer, Apparel and Retail Studies. After earning her degree, she managed several global compliance programs for a large corporation, which included FSC Chain of Custody programs of over 30 certified locations around the world. During her tenure in the corporate world, Amanda developed, implemented, and audited several compliance policies, procedures, and training programs.
In addition to her work with American Green Consulting, Amanda owns a consulting practice, AFC Consulting, specializing in Sustainability, Social, and Product Compliance. Amanda is a certified Rainforest Alliance FSC Lead Auditor.
Dave Wager
Dave Wager is a forest ecologist, entrepreneur, and proven leader in natural resource management. As owner of Wise River Forestry, Dave provides certification and technical assistance services to entities managing and processing natural resources in accordance with internationally recognized norms of environmentally and socially responsible management, with a focus on FSC certification. Prior to founding Wise River Forestry, Dave was the Forest Management Director at SCS Global. Dave spent ten years managing and leading Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) endorsed certification assessments on more than 100 forest management operations covering over 25 million acres of forestland across 16 countries. As a certification practitioner, Dave Wager has led FSC forest management and chain-of-custody assessments on a range of private and public operations across North America, Asia, and Latin America. In other natural resources work, Dave played a key role in the development of Starbucks CAFE Practices- a program to ensure procurement of sustainably grown and processed coffee.
In 2009, Wager founded Tree Ring Co. to turn low value products from restoration forestry into high value pens and watches. Dave designs, manufacturers, and sells a unique collection of wood products that display a tree’s annual growth rings.
Dave has expertise in forest ecology and business (B.S. Business, Skidmore College; M.S. Forest Resources, Utah State University). While studying forest ecology at Utah State University, Dave was awarded a NASA Graduate Student Research Fellowship to develop dendrochronological techniques to assess Douglas-fir growth in Utah’s Central Wasatch Mountains. Dave is a certified ISO 9001:2008 Lead Auditor.
Dennis Turner
Dennis Turner has over forty years of experience in the forest products industry, working with two Fortune 150 companies. Dennis held various site leadership, corporate leadership, and project management leadership roles for several functions. His operating roles included accountability for material acquisition, fiber supply, material and fiber information system design and implementation, supply chain management processes, and support services. He was director of fiber procurement for the pulp and paper business segment. His project leadership roles included implementation of ISO 9002, capital construction, and chain of custody. For more than five years, Dennis was the chain of custody manager for a company with three chain of custody certifications and thirty-nine certified sites. His responsibilities included leading the development, implementation, ongoing conformance, and overall operations management of the program. Dennis is a certified NEPCon FSC Lead Auditor.
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Theatre Camp
Ronee Goldman
Everybody Makes Mistakes
Today’s Date: 6/30/18
Show Title: Q1 Hamlet
Director: Emily MacLeod
Assistant Directors: Austin Harleson and Olivia Pedigo
Production Intern: Ronee Goldman
Rehearsal Room: Blackfriars Playhouse
Rehearsal started with a fight and trap call. The cast then did a stumble through of the song and the show. Emily then had the first notes session with the cast, looking for future adjustments and tightening up of tricky spots in the show.
Quick and Quotable
From the Play: “What was I about to say?”
Corambis, who is a very wordy character, says this to his servant, Montano, when he has lost his train of thought.
From the Director: “The most important thing is that you keep going and you keep trying to problem-solve yourself.”
This was Emily’s advice before we ran our second stumble through. Part of live theatre is having to think on your feet when things go wrong.
From the Cast: “What, Gilderstone and AHHH.”
While we’re still learning the play, sometimes people jump lines, which can makes some very funny moments. Here Maddie caught herself mid line jump.
Mistakes happen on stage all the time. It’s part of the “thrill” of live theatre. There is no one sitting in a room, editing footage to find the perfect shot. With live theatre, and camp in particular, we get one shot. Fumbling on stage is normal, and can even humanize actors on stage. The skill is to keep pushing forward when this has happened and to not beat oneself up about the mistake.
With today’s run, Emily implored actors to keep going if something went awry (which is very likely to happen at this point in the process). Actors learn the valuable skills of picking up a ball that has dropped and that “messing up” isn’t as scary as it seems. There were mistakes today and part of that is because we still have a week of rehearsal left and the other part is that stuff just happens sometimes! However, the cast did their best to not let that friction keep them from crossing the finish line.
Ronee Goldman is the Production Intern for ASCTC’s Session 1 production of Q1 Hamlet. She was a two time camper and is so excited to be back to share her love of camp with others. Ronee is pursuing a BFA in Acting at Ithaca College.
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Research article 06 Nov 2014
Research article | 06 Nov 2014
MIPAS temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere: Comparison of vM21 with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and lidar measurements
M. García-Comas1, B. Funke1, A. Gardini1, M. López-Puertas1, A. Jurado-Navarro1, T. von Clarmann2, G. Stiller2, M. Kiefer2, C. D. Boone3, T. Leblanc4, B. T. Marshall5, M. J. Schwartz6, and P. E. Sheese7 M. García-Comas et al. M. García-Comas1, B. Funke1, A. Gardini1, M. López-Puertas1, A. Jurado-Navarro1, T. von Clarmann2, G. Stiller2, M. Kiefer2, C. D. Boone3, T. Leblanc4, B. T. Marshall5, M. J. Schwartz6, and P. E. Sheese7
1Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Granada, Spain
2Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany
3Univ. of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
4California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA, USA
5GATS Inc., Newport News, VA, USA
6Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
7University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Correspondence: M. García-Comas (maya@iaa.es)
Received: 21 May 2014 – Discussion started: 04 Jul 2014 – Revised: 10 Sep 2014 – Accepted: 29 Sep 2014 – Published: 06 Nov 2014
Abstract. We present vM21 MIPAS temperatures from the lower stratosphere to the lower thermosphere, which cover all optimized resolution measurements performed by MIPAS in the middle-atmosphere, upper-atmosphere and noctilucent-cloud modes during its lifetime, i.e., from January 2005 to April 2012. The main upgrades with respect to the previous version of MIPAS temperatures (vM11) are the update of the spectroscopic database, the use of a different climatology of atomic oxygen and carbon dioxide, and the improvement in important technical aspects of the retrieval setup (temperature gradient along the line of sight and offset regularizations, apodization accuracy). Additionally, an updated version of ESA-calibrated L1b spectra (5.02/5.06) is used. The vM21 temperatures correct the main systematic errors of the previous version because they provide on average a 1–2 K warmer stratopause and middle mesosphere, and a 6–10 K colder mesopause (except in high-latitude summers) and lower thermosphere. These lead to a remarkable improvement in MIPAS comparisons with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and the two Rayleigh lidars at Mauna Loa and Table Mountain, which, with a few specific exceptions, typically exhibit differences smaller than 1 K below 50 km and than 2 K at 50–80 km in spring, autumn and winter at all latitudes, and summer at low to midlatitudes. Differences in the high-latitude summers are typically smaller than 1 K below 50 km, smaller than 2 K at 50–65 km and 5 K at 65–80 km. Differences between MIPAS and the other instruments in the mid-mesosphere are generally negative. MIPAS mesopause is within 4 K of the other instruments measurements, except in the high-latitude summers, when it is within 5–10 K, being warmer there than SABER, MLS and OSIRIS and colder than ACE-FTS and SOFIE. The agreement in the lower thermosphere is typically better than 5 K, except for high latitudes during spring and summer, when MIPAS usually exhibits larger vertical gradients.
Supplement (266 KB)
How to cite: García-Comas, M., Funke, B., Gardini, A., López-Puertas, M., Jurado-Navarro, A., von Clarmann, T., Stiller, G., Kiefer, M., Boone, C. D., Leblanc, T., Marshall, B. T., Schwartz, M. J., and Sheese, P. E.: MIPAS temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere: Comparison of vM21 with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER, SOFIE and lidar measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 3633–3651, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3633-2014, 2014.
We present the new vM21 MIPAS temperatures from 20 to 102km for all of its 2005-2012 MA, UA and NLC measurements. The main upgrades are the update of ESA L1b spectra, spectroscopic database and O and CO2 climatologies, and improvement in Tk-gradient and offset regularizations and apodization accuracy. The vM21 Tk's correct the main systematic errors of previous versions and lead to remarkable improvement in their comparisons with ACE-FTS, MLS, OSIRIS, SABER and SOFIE and the MLO and TMF lidars.
We present the new vM21 MIPAS temperatures from 20 to 102km for all of its 2005-2012 MA, UA and...
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Data Democratization and Governance for Responsible AI
by Gaurav Dhooper
Gaurav Dhooper
Gaurav Dhooper is a strategic thinker, a professional Agile and…
Now, Companies Want To Go Digital As Early As Yesterday: Sudeep Srivastava, Appinventiv
Empowerment without defined responsibility and accountability has got no meaning. The potential of data is limitless. When it comes to making AI (Artificial Intelligence or Augmented Intelligence) responsible, explainable and trustworthy, data democratization and governance will need to be discussed in parallel as they are the two sides of the same coin. Explainable AI is also very important to understand and interpret the predictions and how to further improve the predictions to ensure better decision-making and to balance it with risk and accuracy.
Essentially, data democratization is around the easy accessibility of digital data and information to the average end-user. But to manage its accessibility, usability and protection, data governance procedures are required to be implemented as it ensures that data is used in the right way, by the right user and at the right time. It also brings the focus on responsibility and accountability in case something goes wrong.
Data democratization and governance also lays down the foundation for managing bias, potential risks, trust and transparency, and accuracy issues in AI. It is crucial that data or information access is accompanied by a supervisory and governance framework to ensure that the information is used in compliance with operational and regulatory controls and to keep the information reliable and up to date. It needs a simple way for individuals to interpret and appreciate the information so that they can use it to speed up the decision-making process and uncover growth opportunities.
The social impact or the human augmentation is one such area that is gaining greater attention when the transformative journey of AI and its implications are analyzed with the evolution and changes to the human genome. The businesses and government/federal social responsibility cannot be shifted to an artificial system just because it is a self-learning system and evolving based on the training data it receives from the outside world or generates on its own through reinforcement learning.
No doubt, the lack of availability of required data cannot make the model robust and bias-free; but the user/business policies for the data usage must be established along with the debiasing techniques for low-frequency and high-frequency decisions. It is also very important to establish the evidence in order to confirm the benefits realized so that it can be improved further as the AI or ML (Machine Learning) model becomes more mature.
AI Fairness 360 is one such open-source metrics toolkit to search and minimize the unnecessary bias in datasets and machine learning models.
Mitigating bias throughout the AI lifecycle
Image Source: https://www.ibm.com/blogs/research/2018/09/ai-fairness-360/
It checks data and model bias at three different stages- training data level, an algorithm that generates the classifier and at testing and deployment stage when the prediction is made. It continuously learns through the feedback to improve the model further, thus, making the AI system more explainable. Machine learning algorithms search for patterns in the training data that are dependent on a specific prediction in order to accurately make predictions. An algorithm, for instance, might discover the trend that seems to associate an individual with a pension income only and a saving scheme giving better returns on investment to lead a dignified life.
The right understanding of the problem and the data is an undisputed fact that makes the system explainable and making the data understand easily to the user is far more important to make the data democratization effective. Yes, it is true “a picture is worth a thousand words”; but not always if the picture is not oriented well. Visualization is an intuitive way to understand the data, but making it comprehensible and drilling it down to the granular level along with its data lineage will help you to derive meaningful insights and know the reasons as to why a situation or outcome occurred.
The next most important thing is an intelligent data governance strategy which must align with an overarching goal of desired outcomes/benefits. Data governance not only lets you ensure integrity, security and compliance with laws and policies concerning data governance; but also ensures that data is available in the right format, is consistent and also helps in determining which data to keep and which to delete when no longer required. Data governance is an ongoing process as new data sources from disparate systems continue to evolve, data usage can be repurposed, and changes can happen in regulations about data security and privacy.
PsiQuantum Claims To Develop Quantum Computers With 1 Million Qubits; Raises $215 Million From Microsoft
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), U.S. Department of Commerce prepared a plan for Federal Engagement in Developing Technical Standards and Related Tools highlighting the importance of AI to the future of the U.S. economy and national security and guiding Federal agencies to ensure that the nation maintains its leadership position in AI. It also stresses various AI standards-related tools pertaining to data sets in standardized formats, gathering knowledge and reasoning in AI systems, benchmarking, testing methodologies, metrics, testbeds and last but not the least, about the accountability and auditing instruments for examination of AI system.
When developers and policymakers determine how to factor in risk management for individuals, societies, and society at large, legal, ethical, and societal factors may also need to be addressed. Some standards and standards-related instruments seek to provide risk management guidelines that developers and policymakers may use to regulate how to handle such potential risks.
Hence, to bring fairness and generate trust in the AI system, it requires the explainability, interpretability, reliability and accountability which is human-centered and the actual onus of making AI more responsible and explainable resides with us as it is for the human of the human and by the human. Data democratization and governance must go hand in hand for AI’s effective implementation. Not to undermine AI’s capability, real intelligence is still with the human who can bring more value and acceptability by showcasing the positive social impact of AI.
Acknowledgments and References:
Introducing AI Fairness 360, A Step Towards Trusted AI – IBM Research
U.S. LEADERSHIP IN AI: A Plan for Federal Engagement in Developing Technical Standards and Related Tools (nist.gov)
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Gaurav Dhooper is a strategic thinker, a professional Agile and IT Delivery Leader, an author and a speaker. Gaurav writes articles on Digital Transformation, Agile Transformation, Agile Project Management and Scrum. He also writes articles on Robotic Process Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Personal Agility in leading online publications. Gaurav has been reviewer for PMI’s Standard for Earned Value Management and a book on Agile Contracts. He is also a Webinar and keynote speaker in various global conferences and Reviewing Committee Member in PMO Global Awards 2020. Gaurav also holds the voluntary positions of Digital Media Global Director of PMO Global Alliance and Senior Official of IAPM, Switzerland for Metropolitan area of Noida, India.
Gaurav Dhooper 11/01/2021
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I Can’t Believe This Three Houses DLC Has Me Playing Fire Emblem Again
Fire Emblem Three Houses is the video game into which I have put the longest amount of hours in one continuous playthrough. There are games I have probably played longer than Three Houses – Awakening is likely a strong contender for that category, as well as Path of Radiance. Almost definitely Ocarina of Time and Paper Mario The Thousand-Year Door. What makes those games different is that I have played all of them over the course of many years, and slowly built up my play time over the course of many different play sessions. With Three Houses, I did four consecutive playthroughs which totaled in length to almost 240 hours of play. Putting that kind of time into a game – especially all at once – can affect how you perceive it. For me, I was absolutely ready for a Fire Emblem break when I finally put my Joy-Cons down.
Then the buzz started around Cindered Shadows, the final piece of the expansion pass for the game. It promised new story segments with tougher battles, it introduced new characters and classes, and perhaps best of all, was entirely separate from the game’s core campaign. I could play and appreciate Cindered Shadows as a standalone experience, without having to rename my protagonist or rewatch all the goofy cutscenes of the kids in each house or listen to Jeralt’s (admittedly high quality) voiceovers describing the history and culture of Fodlan. So I got excited for Cindered Shadows, I scooped up the expansion pass, and I played through the side story of the game. After roughly 11 more hours of Fire Emblem Three Houses, I sat down to write my review of the expansion pass.
As I sat, something about the article didn’t seem right. I already knew the conclusion I wanted to reach by the time I finished it – this expansion pass isn’t for people like me. If you played the game once right when it came out but still have two other houses to experience, then maybe you’d get something out of it. But for those of us who poured 200+ hours into the game and saw everything that the base campaign had to offer, the expansion pass wasn’t worth a purchase. I thought I was ready to make that declaration based only on the content of Cindered Shadows. But as I wrote the opening paragraphs of the article, I began to feel disingenuous. I don’t write Adventure Rules with a goal of being “journalistic,” but it felt like cruddy journalism to dismiss the expansion pass without experiencing the other things it had to offer.
“Well shit,” I thought to myself. “I have to play this game again.”
Okay, I did miss that wink, I’ll give you that.
I closed my computer, docked my Switch, and booted up Three Houses. I started the game and watched the familiar sequence of Saint Seiros battling Nemesis at the Tailtean Plains. I chose my form and for the first time simply named my character Byleth. I played through the familiar first beats of the game: defeating the bandits attacking the three house leaders, choosing my house (Golden Deer obviously), and winning the first mock battle. It was at this point when all of my accomplishments from Cindered Shadows started to factor into the game and the experience became somewhat less familiar.
If like me you haven’t played the game with any expansion pass features yet, you may be surprised by what all has been added to it. I posted a clip on my Twitter showing about fifteen seconds of just dismissing all the pop-ups that activated when I got far enough to engage with the DLC. As soon as you get access to your personal quarters you can take advantage of some of the benefits: costume changes as well as picking up some of the items sitting at your bedside. The items come in two packs. The first pack is received just for owning the DLC and gives you a number of high-powered stat boosting items. The second pack is received for completing Cindered Shadows and gives you a fistfull of renown to spend as well as a relic (the details of which I won’t spoil here, but rest assured it is an overpowered tool for your arsenal).
The costumes come in four distinct sets, which have different versions depending on whether you choose to wear the younger or older variation. Three Houses veterans know there’s a five-year timeskip in the game – with the DLC you can choose between the younger and older forms of your characters and choose whether they wear their monastery outfits in battle or wear outfits related to their class as normal. The costume sets include athletic uniforms, servant clothes, a summer set colored khaki and white, and an evening set that basically looks like a slightly fancier version of the academy uniforms. Byleth comes with additional costume options as well as the ability to toggle glasses (wearing glasses is always the correct choice, by the way). One really nifty feature when changing outfits is that you can change the costume settings for your entire house all at once, making it easy to coordinate outfits when you want everyone in the same set. If you’re being more choosy about each individual character, you can always set their outfit one person at a time.
Some outfits even have customizable pieces, such as being able to include or exclude the cloak that comes with this Academy uniform.
Starting in chapter two you gain access to Abyss, the underground portion of Garreg Mach which houses the Ashen Wolves house. From a map perspective this is the same area you experienced in Cindered Shadows – from a mechanical perspective, it serves a few different purposes. A man there called the Influencer is able to use renown to unlock new features of Abyss. If you have the renown to spend on it (I did because I also chose to do new game+ for this run), you can immediately unlock some of the features, while others do not unlock until after the time skip. The notable features are an underground professor and special services at the pagan altar underneath the monastery.
The underground professor once worked for Garreg Mach Monastery, and his specialty is evaluating a student’s progress during their time with Byleth. This essentially ranks how good a character’s level-ups have been, giving you an idea of where RNG has blessed them or hurt them and what stats you may need to buff with items. More interesting in my opinion is the pagan altar. This location served little purpose in Cindered Shadows, but in the main campaign it offers you an additional method of spending renown. Renown can be spent at the altar in exchange for weapons or items, allowing you an alternative method of gaining access to these tools when your gold is running low. Some of the things you can pick up from the pagan altar are items you can’t purchase in a store during the main game, so having the ability to spend renown in order to get them is certainly a pleasant bonus.
Abyss will also have unique quests at various points in the game, giving you additional opportunities to earn renown as well as other small rewards. Additional quests have been added to the surface with the expansion pass as well, some of which lead to entire new mechanics. For example, feeding cats and dogs using food items from your storehouse is a new option available in the game. Additional quests are conveniently marked with a blue quest marker that helps you to see exactly how much of what you are experiencing is something unique to your experience with the expansion pass. I was particularly impressed with how much of this extra content started popping up right away as you begin the game – there’s a possibility that the rewards are too front-loaded and will thin out during the sections of the game that are already hurting for side content, but in the four chapters I’ve played so far there’s plenty to keep you busy.
Actually I came here to pray to a dark goddess of unknown origin to give me deadly weapons.
Perhaps the biggest appeal to anyone picking up Fire Emblem again post Cindered Shadows will be the addition of the four new characters as recruitable units. You can scoop up Yuri, Balthus, Hapi, and Constance the moment you get the chance to explore in chapter two, allowing you to immediately boost the numbers in your house and to develop these characters the way you want. Since Cindered Shadows locked you into one path for these characters, being able to instruct them and customize them right from the beginning helps make them feel more your own. You’ll probably want to push them towards their special classes since they have strengths which make them naturally inclined towards those classes, but you can always do something different with them if you prefer. Balthus in particular I felt offered very little on the magical side of things as a war monk so I decided to have him build towards war master instead.
These characters are not the only ones to gain access to the specialized classes, though. You can make any of your characters a trickster, war monk, valkyrie, or dark flier by picking up an Abyssian exam pass and getting their weapon levels to the correct prerequisites. There are unfortunately gender restrictions on the valkyrie and dark flier classes limiting them only to your female party members, but the other classes are wholly accessible and they create some interesting new options for characters you’ve already played with. Since Marianne, for example, so excels with swords and faith, I decided to try her out as the trickster class. I’m also angling for war monk with Byleth, who has strengths in brawling and faith (after unlocking their hidden potential) and can actually use both effectively thanks to balanced magic and strength stats.
For myself and I think a lot of other Fire Emblem fans as well, the true draw of new characters is a new set of support conversations. The newbies each bring somewhere around five or six new support possibilities to the table and they do so with a good mix of houses. Each Ashen Wolves member supports the other Ashen Wolves as well as Byleth, and then they have a couple of additional support partners as well. Quite a few of these are the characters who appeared in Cindered Shadows along with them – Hilda, Claude, Linhardt, Ashe – but some of them do support units who didn’t make an appearance there. Particularly notable was a potential support between Constance and Mercedes, who even come with a unique conversation when dining together during exploration scenes at the monastery. None of these supports could be accessed during Cindered Shadows and more notably, the supports so far don’t seem to retread ground that was covered in the side story. Yuri for example has a support with Byleth that actually ties into lore established in Caspar’s supports as well; subtle touches like this help Abyss and its residents to feel a little more connected than they did in Cindered Shadows, which took the concept of a side story perhaps too far in its efforts not to be connected to the main campaign.
Definitely curious to get these two to the point where I start seeing their support conversations.
There’s a lot of new content to enjoy in the expansion pass so far, and at chapter four I’ve only experienced a portion of the new features added to the game. What’s most impressive to me is that somehow, this content has been enough to rekindle my interest in Three Houses. After nearly 250 hours between the four paths through the campaign and Cindered Shadows, I figured I was done with Fire Emblem. Yet there’s enough new in rewards for Cindered Shadows as well as the extra material from the expansion pass that I’ve been intrigued so far during my fifth run. Granted, I’ve taken other steps to help me enjoy new content – I’m angling to get as many cross-house support conversations as possible since I didn’t use recruitment much at all during my previous runs, and that has added some fresh content to my experience as well. But there’s still something to be said for the fact that the expansion pass adds a meaningful amount of new content to the game.
Will I finish my fifth run of Fire Emblem Three Houses? It’s hard to say. Newer games may take priority in the coming weeks as March is a hotbed of new titles coming to the Switch. But for now, I am pretty content to revisit Fire Emblem and am enjoying the new things that the DLC added to the game. I’m not ready yet to make a final declaration about its value or my subjective enjoyment of the expansion pass, but already it has done something that I didn’t think would be possible: it got me playing Three Houses again. I’m excited about the new things I have already experienced, and my hope is that the new content will stay strong throughout the game and keep me engaged the whole way through.
Fire Emblem, Impressions and Reviews, News and Reviews, Posts by Video Game
Cindered Shadows, DLC, Fire Emblem Three Houses, Gaming, Humor, Nintendo Switch, video games
Talking Tokyo Mirage Sessions with Blogger Blitz Champion Shoot the Rookie!
Exploring Monstrosity and Humanity in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt
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RCWs > Title 6 > Chapter 6.27 > Section 6.27.110
6.27.105 << 6.27.110 >> 6.27.120
RCW 6.27.110
Service of writ generally—Forms—Requirements for person serving writ—Return.
(1) Service of the writ of garnishment, including a writ for continuing lien on earnings, on the garnishee is invalid unless the writ is served together with: (a) An answer form as prescribed in RCW 6.27.190; and (b) a check or money order made payable to the garnishee in the amount of twenty dollars for the answer fee if the writ of garnishment is not a writ for a continuing lien on earnings.
(2) Except as provided in RCW 6.27.080 for service on a bank, savings and loan association, or credit union, the writ of garnishment shall be mailed to the garnishee by certified mail, return receipt requested, addressed in the same manner as a summons in a civil action, and will be binding upon the garnishee on the day set forth on the return receipt. In the alternative, the writ shall be served by the sheriff of the county in which the garnishee lives or has its place of business or by any person qualified to serve process in the same manner as a summons in a civil action is served.
(3) If a writ of garnishment is served by a sheriff, the sheriff shall file with the clerk of the court that issued the writ a signed return showing the time, place, and manner of service and that the writ was accompanied by an answer form, and check or money order if required by this section, and noting thereon fees for making the service. If service is made by any person other than a sheriff, such person shall file an affidavit including the same information and showing qualifications to make such service. If a writ of garnishment is served by mail, the person making the mailing shall file an affidavit showing the time, place, and manner of mailing and that the writ was accompanied by an answer form, and check or money order if required by this section, and shall attach the return receipt or electronic return receipt delivery confirmation to the affidavit.
[ 2012 c 159 § 6; 1998 c 227 § 4; 1997 c 296 § 4; 1988 c 231 § 26; 1987 c 442 § 1011; 1981 c 193 § 5; 1971 ex.s. c 292 § 8; 1970 ex.s. c 61 § 11; 1969 ex.s. c 264 § 13. Formerly RCW 7.33.130.]
Rules of court: Cf. SPR 91.04W(a), (b), and (e).
Severability—1988 c 231: See note following RCW 6.01.050.
Severability—1971 ex.s. c 292: See note following RCW 26.28.010.
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Home » Health News » WHO deplores 95% of vaccine doses limited to 10 countries
WHO deplores 95% of vaccine doses limited to 10 countries
01.14-2021 Health News Comments Off on WHO deplores 95% of vaccine doses limited to 10 countries
The World Health Organization’s European branch on Thursday said 95 percent of vaccine doses so far administered worldwide were limited to 10 countries and called for a more equitable distribution.
In terms of total doses the top countries are the US, China, the UK, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Italy, Russia, Germany, Spain and Canada.
“Collectively, we simply cannot afford to leave any country, any community behind,” WHO’s regional director for Europe, Hans Kluge, said at an online press conference.
Kluge said the WHO was working to get the vaccine to every country but, “it needs every country capable of contributing, donating and supporting equitable access and deployment of the vaccines, to do so.”
According to website Our World in Data, over 32 million doses of COVID-19 vaccines have been administered so far.
In the WHO’s European Region, which comprises of 53 countries and includes Russia and several countries in Central Asia, 31 countries have launched vaccination programmes.
But despite the start of vaccination campaigns the speed of transmission observed in some countries due to new more contagious variants, especially the so-called English and South African ones, was worrying, according to Kluge.
“This is a concerning situation,” he said.
In the European region, 25 countries, including Russia, have recorded cases of the strain first discovered in the UK, and dubbed “VOC 202012/01”.
“So far, we understand there is no significant change to the disease this variant produces, meaning the COVID-19 is not more, nor less, severe,” Kluge said.
“At the same time, we are concerned for two reasons: This variant has a higher transmission rate. Secondly is the question of what does this mean for vaccines,” Kluge added.
However, Kluge also stressed that there were still reasons to be optimistic.
1095%countriesdeploresDoseslimitedoftovaccinewho
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Today's Autonomedia Jubilee Saint — Emmett Grogan
NOVEMBER 28 — EMMETT GROGAN
San Francisco “Diggers” leader, “A Life Played for Keeps.”
“Anything anybody can say about America is true.”
NOVEMBER 28 HOLIDAYS AND FESTIVALS
MAKE YOUR OWN HEAD DAY.
ALSO ON NOVEMBER 28 IN HISTORY…
1628 — Pilgrim’s Progress author John Bunyan born, Elstow, Bedfordshire.
1757 — English Romantic poet and radical William Blake born, London, England.
1820 — German radical, Karl Marx’s partner, Friedrich Engels born, Barmen.
1832 — American Hegelianist Benjamin Paul Blood born, Amsterdam, New York.
1902 — American communist anarchist journalist Kate Austin dies, Kingman, KS.
1912 — Albania declares independence from Turkey.
1944 — San Francisco “Diggers” founder Emmett Grogan born, Brooklyn, New York.
1960 — Black American novelist Richard Wright dies, Paris, France.
Excerpted from The 2009 Autonomedia Calendar of Jubilee Saints: Radical Heroes for the New Millennium by James Koehnline and the Autonomedia Collective.
November 28, 2009 by Jay Babcock Categories: Uncategorized | Leave a comment
About Jay Babcock
I am the co-founder and editor of Arthur Magazine (2002-2008, 2012-13) and curator of the three Arthur music festival events (Arthurfest, ArthurBall, and Arthur Nights) (2005-6). Prior to that I was a district office staffer for Congressman Henry A. Waxman, a DJ at Silver Lake pirate radio station KBLT, a copy editor at Larry Flynt Publications, an editor at Mean magazine, and a freelance journalist contributing work to LAWeekly, Mojo, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Vibe, Rap Pages and many other print and online outlets. An extended piece I wrote on Fela Kuti was selected for the Da Capo Best Music Writing 2000 anthology. In 2006, I was one of five Angelenos listed in the Music section of Los Angeles Magazine's annual "Power" issue. In 2007-8, I produced a blog called "Nature Trumps," about the L.A. River. Today, I live a peaceful life in the rural wilderness of Joshua Tree, California, where I am a partner in JTHomesteader.com with Stephanie Smith. https://linktr.ee/jaywbabcock
View all posts by Jay Babcock →
← November 30th in Greenpoint, BROOKLYN – Peruvian Shaman Ceremony and Rainforest Presentation
Every Tuesday 7-9pm PST – Tune into West Coast Fog on LuxuriaMusic.com Radio for blissful California folk rock and psych sessioning →
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In-app Subscriptions in Google Play
We launched In-app Billing on Google Play a year ago to give developers more ways to sell and engage users over the lifetime of their apps. Since the launch, In-app Billing has been extremely successful in helping developers monetize their apps through try-and-buy, virtual goods, upgrades, and other popular business models. Today, 23 of the 24 top-grossing apps in Google Play use In-app Billing, and the total revenue generated from in-app purchases exceeds revenue from traditional app purchases.
We’re now taking In-app Billing further by adding another important business model — subscriptions. Starting today, developers can use In-app Billing to sell monthly or annual subscriptions from inside of their apps. All subscriptions are auto-renewing, for every app and game and every type of subscription product. Developers just set the price and billing interval and Google Play manages the purchase transactions for them, just as it does for other in-app products and app purchases.
For users, Google Play provides a familiar and convenient purchase experience, highlighting subscription details such as price and billing interval before continuing with purchases. After the transaction, Google Play manages recurring billing and keeps users informed of new charges, sending them an email with each renewal. At any time, users can visit My Apps in the Play Store app to view their subscriptions and cancel any subscription as needed.
While making it easy for developers to offer a great purchasing experience, our subscriptions are also designed for flexibility. Developers can use them to monetize premium dynamic content such as journals and magazines, but they can also use them to sell access to bundled products, game levels, music and video content, value-added services, or any other digital content.
Building on Google Play’s strength as a truly cloud-connected experience, developers can offer users the ability to carry their subscriptions across multiple properties, services, or campaigns. To make this easier, we’re introducing an HTTP-based publisher API through which enterprise-scale backend servers can validate or cancel subscriptions. Using this API, for example, developers can extend access from their Android apps to their web properties, based on subscriptions that are purchased on Google Play.
In the coming days, several developers will be launching apps with Google Play subscriptions and we expect many more to follow. Glu Mobile is launching updated versions of its top Android titles, including Frontline Commando, offering subscriptions through custom VIP currency packages. "We're using Google Play subscriptions to offer consumers a compelling value and a single currency which they can use across Glu’s most popular titles” says Niccolo de Masi, CEO of Glu. “We're excited to bring these capabilities to our Android users and we believe that Google Play subscriptions will fuel further growth in our business."
If you’re a developer, you can get started with subscriptions right away by reading the In-app Billing documentation and downloading the updated sample app. If you are already using in-app billing, you’ll find that adding support for subscriptions is straightforward and involves only minor changes to your code.
You can publish your updated apps and subscription products as soon as you are ready. We’ve already rolled out client support to most Android devices worldwide, so any user with Google Play 3.5 or higher installed can buy subscriptions starting today.
We’re looking forward to seeing how you use subscriptions in your apps!
[This post is by Ibrahim Elbouchikhi, Product Manager on the Google Play team. —Dirk Dougherty]
标签： Google Play
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Archos tipped to release three Android smartphones
Robert Nelson
This wouldn’t be the first time we are hearing about an Android powered smartphone coming from Archos, however the rumors have once again begun to surface. So far we have yet to see anything official coming from Archos, the talk however is pointing towards a trio of smartphone. Well, the smartphones and another tablet. Specifically, an 11.6-inch tablet called the 116 Platinum.
Lets kick things off with the smartphone talk though. This actually stems back to September 2009 when Archos was expecting to launch a 3.5G ‘phone tablet’ with a 4.3-inch display and 1GHz ARM Cortex processor. These plans were reportedly ditched due to lack of carrier support. The key here, would carriers now be interested? Or alternatively, would now be a good time for Archos to give this a go without direct carrier support?
Time will tell how those questions can be answered, but in the meantime, lets talk rumored specs. The details are coming by way of a French blogger named Pierre Lecourt. According to Lecourt, Archos has plans to release three phones with the display sizes being; 5.2-inch, 4.8-inch and 3.5-inch display. These will be called the Archos 52 Titanium, 48 Platinum and 35 Carbon. The Archos 52 Titanium is said to have an 800 x 480 display and dual-core 1.2GHz processor.
The 48 Platinum, while with a smaller display, is actually said to have higher-end specs. This handset is believed to have a 1280 x 800 resolution display along with a quad-core 1.7GHz Mediatek MT6589 processor. Rumors suggest this handset could arrive priced at around 250 euros. The final handset, the 35 Carbon is tipped to feature a 480 x 320 display, 512MB of RAM, 512MB of internal storage and a single-core processor. The price for this is said to be around 90 euros.
Moving over to the tablet and this one is looking like it will be an 11.6-inch model dubbed the Archos 116 Platinum. Rumored specs here include a high-resolution display, quad-core 1.2GHz processor, 2GB of RAM, 8GB of internal storage and Android 4.1 Jelly Bean. The price for the 116 Platinum is expected to be a bit more than $450 and it looks like it will arrive for sale in Europe as well as the US.
[via Liliputing]
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Sessions at Conference 2014
These were the talks at Conference 2014.
Introduction to Aniridia Network UK
By: Katie Atkinson – Aniridia Network UK Chairperson and Trustee
Introduction to Aniridia Network UK (ANUK) set the scene for the day. It explained the basics of ANUK – why it exists, what its aims are and what it does to meet them. You’ll be introduced to the people currently helping to make it happen and how your involvement as a volunteer, donor, fundraiser, or medical professional is critical to keeping it all going.
Keynote: Our journey with aniridia
By: Mark & Harry Westwood
There was no history of aniridia in the Westwood Family, but when Harry arrived their journey with aniridia had begun. This session is a personal account of learning to deal with Harry’s aniridia and its implications from a family perspective. Everyone’s journey is different and their challenges of moving the family twice in the UK and growing up through the education system with several changes of school are discussed. By working to understand the condition, with support from a wide range of organisations, and by providing opportunities for Harry, they have grown as a family, had experiences that they might not otherwise have had and have learned a lot about themselves. They consider themselves to be fortunate, in that aniridia has given them as much as it has taken away.
The recording of Mark and Harry’s talk is available exclusively to ANUK members. If you need the password contact us.
By: Lyn Buller – ANUK Education Adviser
Lyn spoke about the sample information packs we have developed to help children with aniridia through school.
More details and video of Lyn’s talk
Cells for Sight: Corneal disease and stem cell treatments
By: Dr Alex Shortt PhD FRCOphth and Dr Victoria Tovell PhD
Dr Alex Shortt introduced the work of the Cells for Sight Transplantation and Research Programme. He outlined the challenges and advances with treating cataracts and corneal disease in patients with aniridia.
Dr Victoria Tovell is studying how corneal cells behave without the PAX6 gene, to give insight into potential treatments for aniridia related keratopathy (corneal disease).
Corneal cell are created from stem cells. For treating aniridics they can be taken from donor corneas or from the patients own mouth. This talk explains more and what has been achieved so far..
More details and video of Alex and Victoria’s talks
Emerging molecular therapies for aniridia
By: Prof Colin E. Willoughby
Professor Colin E. Willoughby’s session was a three part talk addressing the ocular features and common clinical problems in aniridia, the genetics of aniridia and new molecular treatments for aniridia.
More details and video of Professor Willoughby’s talk
Living with aniridia – A generational perspective
By: Mary Cox
Mary Cox, her father, and her two daughters were born with aniridia. This year, 2014, is the centenary of her father’s birth. In the past 100 years understanding and treatment of the condition has improved greatly. But people still have to deal with the consequences that aniridia has on their daily life. The focus of Mary’s talk was the impact that aniridia has had on her whole family, lessons they have had to absorb, changes they have had to accommodate, and some practical tips that hopefully helped others.
The recording of Mary’s talk is available exclusively to ANUK Members. If you need the password contact us.
Guide Dogs – Sighted guiding and general mobility
By: Rick Allbrook
Rick Allbrook from Guide Dogs for the Blind Association (GDBA) spoke about GDBA’s role as a mobility charity and a new service called MyGuide.
More details and video of Rick’s talk
By: Sarah Hargraves – Aniridia Network UK Secretary and Trustee
A formal meeting where the ANUK trustees present their reports and update members on the previous year. These reports include the financial records of ANUK, fundraising activities and other activities designed to raise general awareness of ANUK. It was an opportunity to ask the trustees questions and put forward suggestions for future activities and fundraising.
More details and video of the AGM 2014
By: Liz Atkinson
An informative and lively session aimed at getting members involved in fundraising for Aniridia Network UK. Attendees gained a better understanding of ANUK’s need to reach our target of £4,500 by March 2015. ANUK appreciates your input and ideas on ways to raise funds, enthusiasm and help.
Question & answer session
Mary, Amanda, Veda, Victoria and Jenny
By: Panel of experts and individuals affected by aniridia
The query that you always remember on the way home from your appointment? A non-medial question that you’ve always wanted to ask, but there never seems to be the right time? The Q&A session was your opportunity to ask that burning question..
More details and video of the Question & Answer session
Discover the fantastic speakers at Conference 2013 including videos of their talks.
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Anthrogenica > Human Population Genetics > Y-Chromosome (Y-DNA) Haplogroups > E > E1b-M215 > Why is E-V13 so confusing?
View Full Version : Why is E-V13 so confusing?
Aahmes
Hello, I have done a bit of research on Y-DNA and I think I have a good grasp on the main concepts and ideas. But I have many questions about haplogroup E-V13.
Firstly: What is the actual modern frequency map of E-V13?
These are the two maps I see used the most. The first one from Wikipedia the second one from Eupedia. I saw that the one from Wikipedia is from a legitimate but old scientific study, while the one from Eupedia is more recent but I couldn't find how they got it. I feel like the Eupedian map is more accurate because it has British and Spanish regions. Is there no new and accurate map for E-V13? I don't know exactly how these maps are created though (I assume they use samples from populations).
My second question: Why is the Middle Eastern component of E-V13 ignored a lot in discussion and what can it tell us?
It seems that at around E-BY5786 the E-V13 samples become exclusively Arabian. This includes all the Druze E-V13 samples I was able to find on the FTDNA Druze Project. This haplogroup has a TMRCA of 3200 - 1750. In addition to this the FTDNA has a lot of Arabian samples that occur all around the European parts of E-V13.
I have heard people say that the Arabian E-V13 could be from Byzantine or Roman soldiers, how plausible is this?
Related to that is, how come E-V13 is mostly in Europe while all of it's sibling clades are mostly in the MENA region? E-V65, E-V22, and E-V12 all seem to be in the MENA region while E-V13 is in Europe. I don't know if it's just me but I feel like that is unusual.
My third question: Why is E-V13 not common in Afroasiatic speakers like the rest of E-M35?
I feel like E-V13 is an anomaly in some ways in Y-DNA, though I guess all haplogroups probably have their own quirks and mysteries.
Shanck
Eupedia map is more accurate here, for example as you already mentioned E-V13 is present in the isles and it accounts for 1-3% of men living in England, Wales and Ireland so the creator got it right here. Same for the near absence within the Basque regions.
Because the diversity in Europe points to an origin from Europe. "Middle Easterners" who belong to E-V13 usually belong to young subclades, which usually go back to the Greco-Roman period in antiquity. A very small portion of E-V13 might be from the crusades especially in Lebanese and Palestinians.
The mystery everyone is discussing.
What we know so far is E-V13's entry to Europe seems to be Neolithic, as it was found in Spain and other places in the Neolithic. But the dispersal happened sometime in the Bronze age (5500 to 4000 years before present) from the Balkans or central Europe. But we really need more ancient DNA before being too certain about anything.
This haplogroup has me puzzled, too. My great-grandfather, whose direct male ancestors lived in the woods a few miles north of Dresden in Saxony, carried the E-V13 haplogroup. How did this lineage end up in that part of Eastern Germany?
I sometimes wonder if the maps of the current distribution of a haplogroup actually do not reflect the true ancient distribution of a haplogroup. Could the current evidence simply reflect that the males of a particular lineage were just spectacularly successful in producing progeny in a certain area over the last millenium but the true history of the lineage lies elsewhere?
Riverman
Eupedia is more correct, based on more recent results, whereas the older map is by far too schematic. I had a recent debate starting with Pannonian ancient DNA and what it means for E-V13, there we discussed possible scenarios.
Just look at the TMRCA and the closest clades within V13:
https://yfull.com/tree/E-BY5786/
Its very clear this is a historical spread, most likely due to an individual or group of Greeks or Romans. The timing is perfect and at the root sits a North Italian. There were Roman soldiers and traders, many going beyond the borders of the Empire, some actually even fleeing from it.
That's easiest to explain, because not just E-V13 or its direct ancestor came to Europe, but a whole group of E's. You can see that with subclades and branches from the other E's having lived in Europe too. E-V13 was probably born in Europe and it spread the most successfully in and from Europe. Imagine this like a group of brothers emigrating to a new country, some die, some survive, but don't do well, but one of them becomes a billionaire. Same with V13, it survived the changes and expanded big time in the Bronze Age, whereas other clades either survived or died off.
Because the ANCESTOR of V13 moved to Anatolia or Europe, it didn't exist anywhere else but in Europe/Anatolia. M35 is very old diversified, which means its splits predate many major linguistic formations. Like when V13 was split from the Near Eastern clades, there was not even Indo-European around. It didn't exist, only some kind of precursor.
There are many such cases like E-V13, like in Europe I1 in particular, which, at one point in time, might have almost died out, but then used a chance to become very successful. Same here, V13 just used the Late Bronze Age to Iron Age transitions to spread beyond its small core zone, in which it might have barely survived before. But this is true for many lineages, some were successful and now they are dead, others almost died out and now they count hundreds of millions of carriers. That's population dynamics and biological as well as cultural selection at work. Those which don't adapt in time get replaced and those which can might expand big time, like R1a in India for example.
Why? The region had three ancestral groups in particular:
- Incoming Western Germans (especially South West has significant E-V13)
- Migration period Germanics and Slavs (both had E-V13)
- Vlachs from the mountains (have E-V13).
So all major contributors to the local ancestry had V13.
Question is rather which subclade.
I think the origin was somewhere in Switzerland/Austria/Hungary triangle during Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age where it was sheltering in the Alps, previously coming from Western Mediterranean during Late Neolithic, because i believe E-V13 mutation happened more in the West while the E-L618 Balkan lineages didn't mutate to E-V13 and died out during Yamnaya invasion.
During Middle Bronze Age to Late Bronze Age it massively expanded to Balkans and Carpathians.
Could be wrong though. It might also be that it was originally a South Balkans lineage exiled by R1b Z2103 Yamnayas. Everything could be possible when we know that single man living in Early Bronze Age is the forefather.
DgidguBidgu
Here is written about cohors II Thracum relocated from Germany to Britain.
“Thracian soldiers in Roman Britain. Epigraphic evidence for the presence of individual Thracian soldiers, as well as for Thracian military units of the Roman army, is found in several locations in Britain.... The cohors I Thracum eq. (mounted cohort of Thracian cavalry), is recorded on a tombstone in Cologne from the first century; this unit had moved to Britain by 122 and was still there under Severus (r. 193-211). The cohors II Thracum moved from Germany to Britain between the mid-first century and CE 103, perhaps as a result of the Bouddican revolt. Only one seventh cohort is known, the cohors VII Thracum. It was attested in Britain in 122 and 135 and in Brittania Inferior (corresponding to northern England, with its capital at York) in the third century. Among the alae (“wings” of cavalry), the ala I Thracum was attested in Britain in 103 and 124; tombstones from Colchester (about CE 45) and Cirencester (CE 62) attest to the unit’s presence in Britain in the mid-first century and an engraved trulla (washbasin or ladle), possibly Flavian….”
I think the origin was somewhere in Switzerland/Austria/Hungary
triangle during Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age where it was sheltering in the Alps, previously coming from Western Mediterranean during Late Neolithic, because i believe E-V13 mutation happened more in the West while the E-L618 Balkan lineages didn't mutate to E-V13 and died out during Yamnaya invasion.
I rather think that E-V13 was picked or just left alone as a folk of miners and metal workers in the Northern Carpathian region. Later it used the LBA changes first to expand and was ultimately even pushed South. That's why originally you don't find it in Pannonia or Thrace, but in the Iron Age its there. These are Illyro-Thracian people moving South at the LBA-EIA transition and V13 seems to have been, somehow, someway, been a big part of this people and their movements. With the iron metal work, again as specialists, they spread to the Celts too and some made it to Slavs and Iranians in a similar way.
But probably I'm wrong, we just need to test Teleac-Gava remains to find out:
https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?21853-Prehistory-of-the-Carpathian-Basin-from-the-perspective-of-archeogenetics&p=707022&viewfull=1#post707022
Either they have it or not. But if not, I would be confused, because imho the Bosut-Basarabi complex must have had it already, because from there you have a direct tradition to the local Thracian and Illyrian tribes, which are supposed to have it.
The timings add up to this, but are there actual examples of this happening? How would they assimilate so effortlessly with arabs in 500 years time? Why would they even go to Arabia?
Most of E-V13 in the Balkans and in the Middle East is subsequently as a result of the Sea People invasion.
digital_noise
What Sea peoples? I thought these Sea people are the unicorns of genetics, never being proven?
There were various tribes collaborating between each other and bringing down the Bronze Age civilizations. I rather think E-V13 was part of this coalition. It's not coincidence IMO to have a massive expansion during exactly the same time and the same places.
Most of the previous Roman soldiers spread hypothesis are proven wrong. There are barely any post LBA/EIA connections between Central Europe and Balkans.
The Sea People are real, but I would rather look for Phrygians and Armenians.
Yes, plenty of. From slaves to kings, many were brought to or fled to Persia and Arabia. Just read Xenophon, the rise and Fall of the Seleucids or Roman refugees and mercenaries.
Also, between the departure from Europe and the big spread among Arabs could be a long time. In this case up to thousand years. So plenty of time for a clan to grow of which nobody would remember how it came to this place.
But again, thousands of Greeks lived in the Middle East and in Hellenistic times they were the leaders. So there are a lot of possibilitites.
So in terms of the E-V13 origins question, how would sea people play in? The sea people technically had a home base on land, yet if they went by sea to various other areas, died and then were excavated, couldn’t this throw off some of us who are looking for the origins?
I your opinion, using modern borders/ country names where do you think they started out from?
From a linguistic and archaeological perspective, Illyro-Thracian (people) isn't really a thing.
I have already posted this before. Unless i am proven wrong by aDNA i tend to believe this scenario.
https://i.imgur.com/aOpngDA.png
E-V13 could have been found in Hallstatt culture. Fun fact some might know the Rurik dynasty of Russia was E-V13. Or at least some branches were.
There were at least the Triballi, which are supposed to have influences from all these groups, also from Grava and Basarabi:
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Triballi_territory.jpg/600px-Triballi_territory.jpg
The Triballi were a Thracian tribe that received influences from Celts, Scythians and Illyrians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triballi
Obviously the primary core group is supposed to be Thracians in the widest sense, but these influenced Illyrians to such a degree, especially in early Iron Age Eastern Hallstatt, that I wonder how clear a line can be drawn. Triballi serve as a known example. Thracians and Illyrians were intertwined in many ways. And even linguistically, which is not my main interest or field anyway, the situation is not as clear cut:
The linguistical hypothesis was especially current in the early 20th century, but after the 1960s it was seriously called into question. New publications argued that no strong evidence for Thraco-Illyrian exists, and that the two language-areas show more differences than correspondences (Vladimir Georgiev, Ivan Duridanov, Eric Hamp, et al.), whereas more recent linguists like Sorin Paliga have argued that based on the available data, Illyrian and Thracian were mutually intelligible or at very least formed a dialect continuum in a way comparable to Czech-Slovak and Spanish-Portuguese or Continental Scandinavian languages (Danish, Norwegian and Swedish).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraco-Illyrian
I think that's largely a splitter vs. lumper issue once more. Like some people even overestimate the differences between Dacian, Getae and Thracian. Illyrian is surely more differentiated, and also Pannonian can be looked at somewhat separately, but the relationship of those groups and large scale intersection of cultural substrates and influences is, from my perspective of limited knowledge, almost indisputable. How closely they are related or whether they were related before they became neighbours, I leave to others to decide. :)
@Hawk: I think your red circle is largely dead by now and should be placed up, above the Carpathians. I think however, that it can be lagely included in the Iron Age, so basically coming down from the Carpathians to Pannonia and the Southern Balkan at roughly the same time, at the LBA-EIA transition, related to Gava-Teleac findings. Actually I would bet on E-V13 being present in Teleac. It would absolutely no sense if not.
Riverman, i think placing it above Carpathians is even less likely theoretically. It doesn't make sense to be honest. It's probably an area right in between Dalmatia and North Italy, or even Alps.
Regarding Paleo-Balkan people, Illyrians/Thracians/Greeks, it just rose up in percentage during Early Iron Age replacing the previos Yamnaya R1b-Z2103 in mass.
For rising in frequency, there needs to be a reason and the best reason are the LBA-EIA movements, for which we have prove from Central Europe and the North Carpathian. Even if assuming, what's possible, that it was more from an Italian-Alpine direction, which would make sense considering the origins of Bosut-Basarabi. Yet I think that in both cases its related to the Urnfield culture and Gava as well as Bosut-Basarabi are to the relative North. The Carpathians were the more protected region, whereas the Alpine zone was quite under Bell Beaker control from my point of view. So we can sum up:
- Dalmatian (Cetina)
- North Carpathian, (Gava, LBA-EIA)
- Alpine-Italian (EIA)
Fair enough, those three options are the most consistent.
We should add South/Central Balkans in any case. Who knows.
Any particular culture or movement?
There is also the Greek-Anatolian (Troyan?) option, especially with the Grey Ware:
http://www.aegeobalkanprehistory.net/index.php?p=article&id_art=5
This is the only movement going in the opposite direction which could have been of significance in the critical time frame, but it might just have been superficial, cultural influence, only a few settlements. Even if more important, the lack of early Greeks and Anatolians having it, makes it less likely. But if doing a complete list, it should be mentioned, as long as nobody has decisive arguments against it.
Helves
How common is E-V13 in the Middle East? If it occurs above 2-3% in many ethnicities then I find the Greek-Roman origin not so plausible considering we don’t really find other haplogroups that would’ve been spread by Romans or Greeks in the area.
Its the TMRCA which is decisive. The upstream clade is E-BY3880 and its branches are all European and much older:
E-BY5786 is just a more recent daughter branch and even there we have, at the root, an Italian:
I checked on FTDNA too:
The origin is, if going upstream, even more definitely in Europe, with E-Y16729, with samples from Bulgaria, Macedonia, Russia and Italy. So quite clealry a Greek-Balkan connection.
Inside the group, at the starting point BY5784 is an Iraqi beside a Saudi, so the Babylonian region (!). So it looks very much like in the Iraqi-Saudi Arabian region a Greek-Balkan migrant founded a successful Arab clan.
There are other clades of V13 in the Middle East, which too have their own story. But for this one, its that, a Greek-Balkan person moving to the Near East. If all cases would be so clear, it would answer more questions to more people. Also, who says there are not more European haplotypes around, I think one just has to search for it - I can't come up with some ad hoc, but I found many already by chance, by just browsing through.
Yep, probably there are many J2's undetected that their subclade is Balkan-Aegean since J2 is very common in Northern Middle East.
Even R1b-P312 made it too Saudi Arabia:
https://yfull.com/tree/R-A19725/
https://yfull.com/tree/R-Y93543/
https://yfull.com/tree/R-U152/
https://yfull.com/tree/R-FGC32042/
This individual from antiquity just had a successful founder effect. I guess with more testing we will find more in Iraq, possibly Iran too. Hellenistic Greek or Thracian leading person is the most likely scenario, but there are many.
Is it not possible that E-V13 originated in the Levant, spread to Europe where it had a strong founding father effect, and then went nearly extinct in the Middle East? The reason I ask is that even though E-V13 in Arabia is mostly in the one subclade you still find many Arabian samples all throughout E-V13 in Y-Full.
Middle East is too East, even Eastern Europe is too east let alone Middle East.
If u check the chronology of this lineage, you see that from aDNA we have some E-L618 in Croatia and Hungary and then the only known example of actual confirmed E-V13 is from North-East Spain.
E-L618 might as well have been common in Greece around the Ionian Sea coast where the Cardial Culture started in Europe.
The dating doesn't fit, but even if it would have come up in the Levante originally, or let's say Anatolia, to be more realistic, the specific group we're talked about (E-BY5786) would be first an immigration of a distant ancestor into Europe, then a diversification and spread there, and only afterwards, about 1.000-2.000 years later, followed a back migration. So this group in particular just proves a historical migration into the Levante-Arabia, regardless of the deeper (pre-) history of V13.
But everything considered, it seems E-L618 or even an older precursor moved into Europe, V13 came into existence on the continent and spread within and outside of it.
E-L618 is the ancestor:
https://yfull.com/tree/E-L618/
There we have a Lebanese and a Latvian, possibly Jewish (?), next clade an Italian. On FTDNA we have 2 Italians, 1 each from England, Sweden and France, so highly likely from the Neolithic colonisation, which we also know from the findings in Neolithic Europe where L618 appeared. So I'd say E-L618 came up in the Levante, immigrated to Europe in the Neolithic, spread there already successfully, V13 came up as one new branch, then there was the bottleneck most likely caused by the steppe immigration and after their survival on a low level started a slow recovery from Early to Middle Bronze Age, with a big expansion from LBA-EIA on.
Halgurd
The Roman theories are a very unlikely scenario about why E-V13 is present in the Middle East. It might be attributable to some Middle Eastern E-V13 but not all or even most. One reason why the Druze have high levels of E-V13 is because many major Druze families claim Kurdish descent and the most notable is the Canpolat (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jumblatt_family) family. We already have one Canpolat member tested and they are E-V13.
E-V13 is present in levels of around 5% in Iranians, Kurds and South Caucasians and the Romans certainly made little to no genetic impact on these groups. Lurs in particular have high E-M78 (the highest in Iran), but I'm unsure what portion of this would be E-V13. Iranic peoples were in dominant control of these lands for thousands of years, beginning with the Medes and ending with the Sassanians. In my opinion, in the Middle East it is an indicator of Iranic ancestry.
I have no knowledge on Middle Eastern E-V13 subclades, but the Roman presence in Central Europe and Britain doesn't hold water as well. They even have more basal E-V13 Z5018 clades than Balkanites.
E-V13 could have been present in Phrygians, Armenians and Iranians (including Kurds) from the beginning of their departure to the Near East. So I really referred only to this specific "Arabic" clade of E-V13 which has a very specific timing. Like I said, if all cases would be that clear, we wouldn't have to speculate as much about e.g. British E-V13, because it would be a clear thing. But other clades are much older and more diversified, more complex to reveal a clear pattern that easily.
Its really just about E-BY5786, this specific clade is Greek-Balkan -> Near East in Antiquity. Others are not. They can be older (Sintashta-Andronovo/Iranian related, Phrygian-Armenian) or younger (Europeans coming for Ottomans, slaves, crusaders, traders etc.).
That its a possible Iranian marker being also proven by E-V13 popping up as far as in Northern China. There was one tester from North China on Eupedia, and there was another one on YFull (now deleted?). Both have a clear European derived clade and the region in Northern China is known to have steppe influences, R1a appears there too in significant numbers. My assumption is that Proto-Iranians picked up some Carpathian V13 early on, and later steppe people did the same and some of those migrated as a minority group whereever Iranian tribes went.
This scene would become even more frequent with more testing. And R1b isn't the only haplogroup in this. For example Lebanese non-Druze are actually undertested, the majority of Lebanese on familytreeDNA are Druze.
This is the map of Danube river in Europe, it's a possibility the spread of E-V13 toward Balkans followed the path of Danube.
https://i.imgur.com/dCMQ4K4.jpg
Actually I think that this Danubian route is highly important, but probably in the opposite direction in the Iron Age, with a starting point in the Northern Carparthians.
Adding to that, a good candidate for a connection towards the Northern Carpathian region is actually Lengyel and Sopot possibly, for which we have proof of E-L618.
Lengyel pottery was found in western Hungary, the Czech and Slovak Republics, Austria, Poland, and in the Sopot culture of the northern parts of Former Yugoslavia. Influence in pottery styles is found even further afield, in parts of Germany and Switzerland.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengyel_culture
The results of extensive investigations in Slovakia have shed considerable light on the problems of the emergence, development and cultural and chronological interconnections of the Neolithic Lengyel culture. This includes the economy and social structure of its bearers.
Typological methods make it easy to demonstrate a local origin for the Lengyel culture, defining clearly its innovative component which was introduced from the south, from the sphere of the Vinča culture (Vinča B2/C1), then in the process of transformation, carried to the territory of the nascent Lengyel culture by the Sopot culture (S. Dimitrijevič 1968; Pavúk 1981a; Kalicz 1988). The Lengyel culture emerged on the base of the Želiezovce cultural group which gave birth to the earliest stage of the former culture – Proto-Lengyel – under impulses from and with participation of the Sopot culture. Such a fusion of local and foreign elements may well be demonstrated in pottery, especially in the development of its shapes and decoration. This process is accompanied by a major paradox: continuous development of pottery is contradicted by the discontinuity in settlement sites. Not a single site excavated either in Slovakia or in Hungary has yielded a settlement with material both from the last stage of the Želiezovce group and from the early stages of the Lengyel culture (the Bíňa-Bicske group, Lužianky, Lengyel I) which could constitute evidence for local evolution.
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquity/article/lengyelculture-fortified-settlements-in-slovakia/EA1989CA6B404BB2938F405A1543B830
The possible vector could have been Neolithic Anatolia -> Vinca -> Sopot -> Lengyel -> ??? -> Gava -> Bosut-Basarabi.
Between Lengyel and Gava is a big gap on the one hand, but on the other, there could have been local continuity into the South Eastern Urnfield period, leading directly to Gava:
http://www.angelfire.com/sk3/quality/Stone_Age_and_Bronze_Age.html
This would bring E1b into the Urnfield horizon, probably even beyond Gava, but with it, being in the centre of the accumulation of V13. If that scenario would be true, it would be similar as with R1a, first moving out of the steppe, just to come back again. In the case of E1b just from the Balkans (Vinca) to the Carpathians and back again...
A valid hypothesis would be that E-V13 men would have assimilated with the Indo-Europeans of Corded Ware culture and spread with them, which is why it's present all over Europe, with the exception of some places such as Basque region and Finland.
Either the E-V13 clan assimilated, or its was able to hold its position. Most likely as the specialists for mining (salt and ore) and metal working they seem to have been for most of their time. But the TMRCA and actual distribution rather speaks for only minor migrations from this centre up to the Late Bronze Age, whereever it was. Let's just say it was in the North Carpathian region, which would fit perfectly, they spread with the migrations of the South Eastern Urnfield groups (especially Gava might be it) towards Pannonia, the whole Carpathian region and down to the Balkans, even into Greece. So they didn't distribute randomly, or initially, after surviving the Corded Ware/steppe expansions, but primarily at the LBA-EIA transition. That's why we will find higher frequencies of E-V13, if at all, primarily in one quite limited space up to the LBA, but quite widely spread later. During Hallstatt they spread into the Celtic sphere too, probably even the Germanic as well, but that's less sure.
Farroukh
E-V13 lines present even in non-IE-speaking groups, including Saami people of Scandinavia (Uralic) and so on.
Probably, "5 kyo bottleneck" of E-V13 and I1-M253 can be explained with IE invasion and subsequent total assimilation.
capsian
No not all
must reliance on TMRCA betwwen sample from Middle and Balkan
likely between Sea People to era Byzantine
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-L241/
E-V13 > Z5018 > S2979 > L241* in Armenia
E-V13 > Z5018 > S2979 > L241 > E-Y142744* in Lithuania
The Armenian sample is interesting, so is the Hungarian one. But most of the Y142744 being Ashkenazi Jewish:
https://jewishdna.net/AB-011.html
Even more interesting are the many Austrian project members which being assigned on YFull. One at the older root:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Z16659*/
Another E-ZS1176:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-ZS1176*/
Beside all the other Austrian samples from E-BY3880:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-BY3880/
If you think about how small this Austrian project sample was, and already we have 2 important new E-V13 samples which are fairly basal for their clades. Imagine a sample size like the one for Sardinian, Cagliari for Germans, Austrians, Czech, Slovakians, Hungarians and Romanians. I'm pretty sure that a lot would be detected for the (pre-) history of V13.
The Austrian project:
https://genomaustria.at/das-projekt/
We also have a new Hungarian tested in YSEQ in this branch: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-S7461/
E-V13 is too widespread to have been a local Balkanite Y-DNA, the Roman soldiers spread made sense 10 years ago when our knowledge was limited, but seeing this most of the common shared origin is during MBA/LBA.
I think its quite interesting how many V13 clades being present in Italy and on Sardinia, which too seem to have come at the LBA-EIA transition to the peninsula and its islands. I think for most of Europe North of the Alps an Urnfield and early Iron Age spread makes the most sense. I expect especially the Hallstatt culture to be particularly important for spreading E-V13 warriors, traders, metal working and mining specialists. A lot of the former V13 spread being now submerged by the Germanic and Slavic expansions, which too might have carried on a very minor V13 element, but much less so than the preceding people of a territory from Southern Germany to the Black Sea.
I’m E-BY14160, hanging out with a Serbian in a paragroup. Because I’m PH1246+, that seems to jive with a southward migration into the Balkans. At what point we decided to go to Italy is anyone’s guess. Figuring that out would be my most prized DNA discovery.
We already have one sample from La Tene E1b1b who we should reasonably expect to be E-V13.
I do agree, it looks quite likely connected to Urnfield expansion, unless somehow the spread is giving us an illusion. But, the odds are that it does indeed spread with this culture. Somehow it fits like gloves.
Dacians received Urnfield influence during MBA/LBA, same applies to Illyrians, Thracians and Greeks.
Actually I think https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-BY14160/ is a good example for the pattern which can be observed in many E-V13 clades: The upstream clade is fairly old and points to a survival and revovery in a rather geographically limited zone during the EBA to MBA. Then, at the EIA, they radiate out, individuals of the same subclade move either up to the North, stay in Central Europe. go to Italy, Iberia or down to the Balkans and even beyond. Its like if they were dispersed from a centre of the EBA-MBA in the time of the LBA-EIA (Urnfield-Hallstatt in particular). Because if that pattern would just be observed in one clade of V13, it might have been by chane and caused by later migrations, but since its a common pattern for most clades, it seems to be real.
One possibility is that they were overrun, some tribes fled South as a whole, conquered new territories or allied up with locals, while others just dispersed in small clans and even individuals. Such things happened, as Teleac proves and the complex migration patterns of many archaeological cultures show. Magyars for example were defeated numerous times and pushed by others, until they consolidated their rule in Pannonia.
Interesting.........
Entangled Sea(faring): Reconsidering the Connection between the Ships of the Sea Peoples, the Aegean, and 'Urnfield' Europe
The naval battle representation on the walls of Ramesses III’s ‘mansion of a million years’ at Medinet Habu (ca. 1175 BCE) stands as one of the earliest, and certainly most detailed, depictions of ship–to–ship combat. It also depicts the only known vessels of Helladic galley type to be depicted with stem–and–stern avian decoration. As such, they have been called upon as evidence for the inclusion of Central Europeans (‘Urnfielders’) in the Sea Peoples coalition(s), and – more recursively – to bolster the view that the highly schematic designs on the stemposts of Helladic galleys were avian in nature. This paper addresses these conclusions and evaluates the evidence that has been presented for an ‘Urnfield’ connection to the Sea Peoples’ ships, along with some notes on the ostensibly avian nature of Helladic galleys’ finial decorations.
https://scholar.harvard.edu/emanuel/publications/entangled-seafaring-reconsidering-connection-between-ships-sea-peoples-aegean
I'm FT40236 (under S7461> BY5026 clade). According to what can be observed on the snp tracker website and other sources, it is a clade that spread to Italy coming from central Europe / northern Balkans in the late bronze age / early iron age, same time of arrival of the Italic tribes in Italy.
I fall within E-V13 Z5018 S2979 subclade. It looks like we could be Central European Bronze Age lineage as well. Based on distribution.
Yes, it could. According to what I have read about it, some clades of E-V13 were probably part of the proto Italo-Celtic (and illyrian,obviously) ethnogenesis.
What part of Italy?
Granary
Sorry if you explained this before, but what major lineages under E-V13 spread during the Late Bronze Age and Iron age transition?
Just happened to find out that my great-grandmother's surname (from Calabria, Italy) had this haplogroup. Now I have a personal stake in figuring out this haplogroup's origin. ;)
South-east (Apulia). My oldest known direct male ancestor is Sansone Sansò, born in the late 16th century, who lived near Lecce. However, my subclade looks to have come in south Italy from central/north Italy, where it was living since the iron Age, between the Roman and the medieval ages. The clade today is present only in Italy and in Switzerland, where it arrived in the 13th century coming from central Italy (probably tuscany) (according to the FTDNA project I am part of).
Very clear cases are E-Z5017 and E-Z5018. If you look where most of the spread and diversification of their subclades happened, its between 1.600 to 600 BC.
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Z5017/
For many of its subclades a date like 800-400 BC was the last point in time where highly diversified clades had a TMRCA, after that they spread out to very different regions of Europe and beyond.
Anther clear case is https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y16729/
Being split into a basal Balkan branch, one Northern European and one Near Eastern. With more samples a trail will be found and more diversity, pointing again to the LBA-EIA original spread and most likely with Greeks into the Near East during Hellenistic times.
In general, most clades under E-CTS1273 seem to repeat this pattern, at least it seems so to me, especially if considering the range of the estimates and some intermediate samples lacking, it just fits:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-CTS1273/
The time up to 2000 BC was like a hiatus, "nothing happened", new clades might have emerged, but they didn't split or distribute on a grander scale. Then between 2.000-300 BC, with a peak between 1.600-600 BC, "most of the action took place". This really implies to me, that the major lineages of E-V13 lived together in one place up to about 2.000 BC, and dispersed on a grand scale in time from Urnfield to Hallstatt.
Another aspect of this is that this big "jumps", huge distances between samples from one clade also date, for the most part, to this time frame. Its not from before or later as much, like from Roman or late historical times. Of course, such tribal and individual migrations did occur, but most of the spread and splits date to the LBA-EIA.
HI Riverman i saw a sample two months ago under E-Y154545 from China what do you think of his ancestors about any era are they migrated
I know of 2 Chinese individuals testing for E-V13, both from the Northern provinces, in areas which have a signifiant impact of R1a and other steppe related haplogroups from the West Eurasian sphere. I can't say when they entered China, but everything from the Bronze Age to Medieval times is possible. Like R1a clades, they were present in various steppe and steppe-related people, that's for sure. The distribution of all steppe clades is primarily the North West of China, close to its heartland, but at the border to the steppe nevertheless. Provinces like Ningxia, Shaanxi. If there would be more data from China, we might know for sure, even without ancient DNA. Because if its an earlier intrusion, it should be spread all around China, down to the South, but if it came in later, when the Old Chinese already expanded South, it will sit primarily in the North and only low numbers elsewhere. To me it looks as both happened, but most came from after the foundation of old China. R1a is by far the most numerous haplogroup brought by steppe people, so its easier for tracing it down. Here an example for a farily recent spread, probably with Turkic people:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/R-FGC66325/
What is your take on E-L540 (known in FTDNA as E-S3003)? It shows an exceptionally long period (about 2500 years!) between the initial divergence from all remaining subclades under V13>>Z5017 (which happened about 2500 BC) and some moderate expansion in Central-Northern Europe in much more recent times (in Roman times or even later, if assuming that the territorial expansion started significantly later than the moderate demographic expansion).
I mean that's totally speculative, but since you asked, my personal opinion would be it migrated at some point with a (Proto-) Celtic warrior or metallurgist to the Germanic sphere, established itself successfully and expanded in all directions with various Germanic tribes. Could have entered even in the formative phase of the Jastorf culture. Its at least possible and must have entered Northern Europe some generations before its spread.
thanks you about this informatoin
so maybe are old in china
They are old on the steppe, but how old in China I don't know, because the steppe worked like a highway, which means that people could migrate in just a few generations forth and back. But definitely with steppe tribals, originally Iranian-related, that's pretty sure.
so very likely scythians are cause we know some scythians are E-V13 and E-Y31991
To add something to the last comment: Its possible that the missing link lived or still lives in so far understested regions of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria or Southern Germany, so in predominantely Celtic regions. Probably it didn't survive, but even if, going after the last results, a lot is missing from these places.
According to some preliminary (and unofficial) data, there are some E1b males among the Wielbark samples from Kowalewko and Masłomęcz in Poland. Unfortunately, we don't know yet whether these are E-V13 or some other subclades of E1b (like E-L791, recently found among the Viking-related samples in Gotland), but it seems that in case this is indeed E-V13, it could have potentially come to Poland first with the Tumulus people founding the Pre-Lusatian culture, then with the La Tene Celts, and finally with some Jastorf-derived Germanic people.
Yes, in this case its kind of a back migration, but it seems the Germanic branch was just more successful in this clade. Like the distribution and TMRCA points to Germanics. Like always, there are still so many gaps and lack of sampling, that we can only bridge the gaps with speculation, which might be right or not.
You think that by the time of the start of the Tumulus culture and end of Unetice culture E-V13 had already spread beyond its Carpathian/Pannonian pocket? Because you only mentioned Eastern Urnfield before.
Going by the recent results from Pannonia, I think Pannonia was not that important, but only the very North Eastern parts, especially around Slovakia, in the zone which became later the South Eastern Urnfield or Gava culture. At first their territory might have been quite restricted, up in the hills and mountains, providing precious metals to their new neighbours. This group became part of the large Urnfield horizon and might have had intensive contacts with other Urnfield groups in that time, which is related to its first small spread, then they were pushed Southward. We see incidents like the destruction of Teleac, which could shift and push whole tribal alliances out of their former homeland.
Due to the contacts with the direct Urnfield neighbours before, I agree with Lusatian having some importance as well, first because some lineages could have made it to this group, and second because it might have helped to push the South Eastern tribes South, into Pannonia, into the Balkans. During the Iron Age some of these came back again and moved especially West, along with the developed Iron technology. But the bulk was by then sitting in a large zone from Pannonia, over the Carpathians, down the Southern Balkan and into the Aegais.
For Gava, Belegiš and Vatin I would definitely assume high frequencies of E-V13. So it should be like that: No or very low levels of E-V13 before Urnfield in Pannonia and South of it, high levels after the Urnfield expansion and into the Iron Age, when inhumation appears again.
I mentioned Teleac more than once, but another important site might be Hisar Hill:
It is estimated that the metallurgy center in the settlement was operational at least between 1350 BC and 1100 BC and the remains have been found in the layer up to2 m (6 ft 7 in) thick. Iron ore, amorphous iron and vast amount of slag were discovered, but also remains of the grinding stones for crushing the ore (pogača), furnaces, charcoal piles, blowers and metal objects.
I'm pretty sure that V13 wasn't there in high frequency before Urnfield influences, but in the very early Iron Age, many inhabitants and metal working specialists must have been carriers of V13. They really spread with iron technology. Also interesting in this context:
Stojić hypothesizes that the development of metallurgy confirms the theory of the Dorian Invasion from the northern route. The discovery of iron and bronze objects from the 12th century BC, coincides with the invasion. The Dorians lived in the basin of the South Morava and the surrounding Central Balkans regions in the 13th century and, producing the iron weapons, with ease conquered the southern people in Greece.
The Dorians are sometimes said to have had Thraco-Illyrian inflluences.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisar_Hill
More about the Gava horizon on in the Carpatho-Balkan zone, especially with referene to Hisar:
The Gava horizon, with channeled pottery, dated to a developed Late Bronze Age, was not documented in graves of the Brnjica group, but it certainly existed, as channeled pottery and typical bronzes from the Late Bronze Age, socketed axes, tweezers, pins etc., from the Hisar settlement testify.
http://www.austriaca.at/0xc1aa5576_0x002debf3.pdf
These groups were all interconnected after the Urnfield expansions and there were some of the earliest iron workers among these groups. This is highly important for understanding why the clans split so much and spread far beyond the core regions of their tribes. Most likely there were complete people, tribes, but also small clans and probably even individuals as specialised traders, iron workers and warriors around, which spread the new ways. That's how V13 spread even more into the Celtic, Germanic and Iranian territories. The closest relation I would see in the record is with the latest and highest level Bronze and early iron working technology.
garrett01
Hi, need some help, Living Dna test came back E-V13, then I took the yseq E-V13 panel, results were, Most specific position CTS1273, A7730+ . A7730+ not listed on yfull, means you can't be any branch below CTS1273, any help in understanding this is greatly appreciated. Ancestors came from the Shropshire England area as far as I know, and came from France with William at Ironbridge.
CTS1273 is equivalent to CTS5856 I believe. Its the more common branch below E-V13. Unfortunately I cannot offer any further advice, but some sort of Big Y700 or the Yseq equivalent is gonna be needed to find your terminal subclade. I dont think its worth the time or money to faff about with SNP packs in the long run. I do know that there are some specific subclades under E-V13 that made their way to the UK, so there's nothing odd about this
So E-v13 spread actually just by "luck"? I mean what I gather is that it was confined to a small area before the late 2nd millennium BCE and that it wasn't even necessarily at high frequencies in its own region but by happenstance it ended up having enough success to spread around, am I correct in this assessment?
Also another question, would you say that E-V13 had the similar kind of frequencies we see today in the Balkans or was it still relatively low frequency until later on? I imagine bottlenecking did happen during the migration period, so I wonder what the situation looked before.
Is E-L791 around today? Outside E-v13 what other E lineages did survive in Europe after the 3rd millennium BCE?
Based on Roman Serbia results it looks like E-V13 was even stronger than today among classical age Balkanites.
I wouldn't say it is uncommon in Europe, but it seems that it didn't have a chance to expand as much as E-V13, so it remains a less common, though quite widely spread subclade.
There is a relatively large (and of course very young) Jewish Ashkenazi subclade E-Y6938.
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y6938/
It seems that this Ashkenazi subclade is actually deeply rooted in the Near East, with some not-so-old sister clades present in the Mediterranean region.
As for the Viking-related sample VK474, I have just noticed that it is now assigned to a downstream subclade L791>Y4971 (encompassing the above mentioned Ashkenazi subclade E-Y6938). This is still a relatively old "Neolithic" clade with rare downstream subclades/lineages found both in Europe (including Poland) and in West Asia. It is worth mentioning that sample VK474 from Viking Gotland looks "very Slavic" autosomally - I would even say that it is 100% Slavic with no evident Scandinavian admixture, so he probably was a very recent newcomer (a settler, warrior or slave) from Northern Poland, although it is hard to rule out the remaining North Slavic populations.
So E-v13 spread actually just by "luck"?
Well, depends on how you define it, because if you say an indvidual or clan used its chances and was successful, then all haplogroups spread by luck. None was that widely distributed originally. That's true for practially all clades, because that some clades of R1a and R1b became highly successful after mixing with the CHG-Iranian groups in Southern Russia is also kind of "luck" in comparison to their forager relatives further North which they annihilated. Every haplogroup started somewhere and E-V13 just started somewhat later with its main expansion, in the metal ages, same as with I1.
I mean what I gather is that it was confined to a small area before the late 2nd millennium BCE and that it wasn't even necessarily at high frequencies in its own region but by happenstance it ended up having enough success to spread around, am I correct in this assessment?
That's what I proposed, we will know for sure once we have a more complete sampling situation. Now many cultures and groups being left out, time and space not covered, both North and South of the Carpathians and in the Balkans.
I would guess that E-V13 was a major contributor among Illyrians, very dominant in Thracians in the wider sense, though the Northern groups (Dacians) are supposed to have more recent and Iranian-related steppe influences. Central European Celts from Hallstatt on will have significant low level V13, with a decreasing frequency from the Iron Age centres to the West and North. So much of Eastern Central Europe and South Eastern Europe should be heavy with E-V13 in the pre-migration period. Some clades might have made it to the early Slavs, including relatives of E-V13, like in VK474, dating back to the Urnfield and Lusatian culture probably, but still they had very low rates of E-V13, like most Germanics too, so I would suggest a peak in pre-Roman Iron Age and a decrease afterwards, with a drastic decrease for some regions in the migration period.
By luck I mean it was not a direct consequence of any particular community that was mostly E-V13 spreading but rather that some members with E-V13 of said community were particularly successful.
I wonder why E-V13 survived so much in modern South Slavs considering the high degree of replacement on the autosomal level.
First, its possible that some Slavic tribes had more E-V13 than others, like if looking at Poland, there was a new study recently, showing that V13 is spread in all classic Slavic areas between 3-5 percent and the only regions where it lacks have more Baltic influences:
https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?709-New-DNA-Papers&p=712099&viewfull=1#post712099
Some of this can be attributed to more recent immigrations, as well as Germans and Jews, but most certainly only a minority of the total number if looking at the distribution.
That's one option for some clades, one has to look at more carefully. The other is, that the Southern Slavs had significant influences from the local population, minimum on par with what we see in Czechs and unlike what we see in Eastern Poland or White Russia. Actually, I would say that for some places it was close for Vlachs taking over, in other regions the Vlach clans survived for a very long time. The difference between Serbs and Romanians is primarily that in the first Slavs were able to keep the dominant position, in the second Vlachs did. Otherwise, they are quite similar. You could also ask, in the same manner, why Romanians speak now Romance, but Serbs don't and it would be a valid question.
So I'd say both played in: First, the Slavic tribes which came to the South had already originally higher V13, picked it up on the way through Pannonia and assimilated local people, even whole Vlach clans, which were not really subdued but just integrated into the new Slavic majority population, so their patrilineages survived.
Aspar
It's funny when people are using such a generic term as South Slavs. The best is to pinpoint exactly which South Slavic speakers you have in mind because there is such a big difference even among neighbor groups. If G25 is anything to go with (bear in mind I trust the competence of Davidski) then all Serbs are more distant to me than all Albanians and mainland Greeks except maybe some isolated groups such as Maniots.
As for E-V13 I highly doubt that the proto-Slavs had any if at all. It's clear because most South Slavic E-V13's are yet to find a northern Slavic brother clade that dates from the end of before the common era such are some clades of I2a and R1a.
Probably most of E-V13 in Slavs are post proto-Slavic period or the period after migration from their initial homeland and are results of assimilation. Because there is not a single shared E-V13 clade among all Slavs which dates from the end of before common era and on, except maybe E-L540 for which I've read here that it was found in a Serb, then it's obvious to me that most E-V13 clades we're absorbed in various Slavic people in their post proto-Slavic homelands.
As to why E-V13 is that much present in South Slavs than other haplogroups that are presumed native Balkan first I believe E-V13 is not very significant in Slovenes while in Croats I believe is around 8-10% which is not that significant at all. If we speak about Bulgarians, keep in mind that G25 models some Bulgarians up to 25% Slavic only which is significantly less than Slovenes or Croats. Second it's obvious that some haplogroups such as J-L283 which was already found in BA Dalmatia didn't survived much outside some northern Albanians. It's less than ten percent among the south Albanians while it's insignificant among Greeks whose J2 is mostly J2a. Therefore there is no reason why this haplogroup would be as significant as E-V13 among south Slavs. R1b on other hand is significant among Slovenes and some Croats however the substructure would probably show that most R1b among Slovenes and Croats is of Germanic, Celtic and other non Balkan origin.
From the paper quoted above, about the distribution of E in Poland:
https://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/567309/fgene-11-567309-HTML/image_m/fgene-11-567309-g002.jpg
I thought its interesting that there is no negative correlation with R1a, actually rather the contrary. Would be interesting if these, presumably mostly E-V13 clades could be assigned to the various subclades.
It's interesting because both E and J have a hotspot in South Eastern Poland or the Carpathian region. I say it's interesting because from little I know about Poland this particular region is the most influenced by Vlach groups but also because this is a mountainous region which was probably inhabited by proto-Thracian people of Gava-Holigrady culture since BA times. I suspect that E-V13 is largely connected with the Carpathian mountains where it was able to survive.
Yes indeed, that's my opinion as well and that they might have spread in more Northern areas during Urnfield already, but in small numbers. However, after the Germanic and Slavic expansions, one could have assumed that their numbers would have decreased even more, yet there are parts of Central and Northern Poland with a frequency as high as in the mountainous South. I think that too needs an explanation. I would have expected a stronger concentration in the South, actually, than there is. Some Northern and Central samples had the same amount.
Many studies produce conflicting results, an older one showed a clear cline:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2253976/figure/fig4/
Central Russia had back then more E than either the North or the South, comparable to these Polish results or slightly higher, compare table 2:
However, after the Germanic and Slavic expansions, one could have assumed that their numbers would have decreased even more, yet there are parts of Central and Northern Poland with a frequency as high as in the mountainous South. I think that too needs an explanation. I would have expected a stronger concentration in the South, actually, than there is. Some Northern and Central samples had the same amount.
After the WW2, the Ukrainian (and Lemko) minority was forcefully resettled to the so-called Recovered Territories in today's Northern and Western Poland, so this may provide some explanation for what we see today regarding the frequency of haplogroup E. Actually, I'm afraid that most of those differences reported by Grochowalski et al. are not statistically significant (maybe except the exceptionally high frequency of haplogroup N in NE Poland), so we need much larger samples from all those subregions to get a better picture. Also, we should keep in mind that many modern Poles (especially in Western and Northern Poland) descend from people coming from former Eastern Poland (annexed by the Soviet Union), so some of the earlier inter-regional differences have been erased or significantly modified during the post-war period, and one won't be able to reconstruct the previous picture without focusing on people whose pre-war ancestors were of local origin.
https://www.techpedia.pl/app/public/files/28738.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Curzon_line_en.svg/563px-Curzon_line_en.svg.png
There was no need to specify, I said South Slavs because even in the least Slavic admixed south Slavs the proportion of E-V13 is around 20-25% while their non Slavic admixture around 50-60%, which to me is weird given other examples where that kind of autosomal replacement implied an almost complete replacement on the male line.
Generally G25 says that Macedonians are closer to its northern neighbours, even Bosnians or Moldovans before any Albanians and Greeks, especially considering that that Greek samples they are closer to are in northern Greece and are clearly strongly Slavic admixed, in fact Macedonians appear closer to even non-Slavic admixed Northern Italians or Central European before insular Greeks.
Which is what I find weird, how can E-V13 alone compromise 20-25% of male lines in the least Slavic South Slavs when their autosomal admixture is still so Slavic? Especially considering all the other non Slavic y-dna lineages.
As to why E-V13 is that much present in South Slavs than other haplogroups that are presumed native Balkan first I believe E-V13 is not very significant in Slovenes while in Croats I believe is around 8-10% which is not that significant at all. If we speak about Bulgarians, keep in mind that G25 models some Bulgarians up to 25% Slavic only which is significantly less than Slovenes or Croats.
??? Even if you give G25 plenty Balkan or NW European references you cannot get to 25% Slavic admixture, that's too low. What kind of models are you using?
I said South Slavs because even in the least Slavic admixed south Slavs the proportion of E-V13 is around 20-25% while their non Slavic admixture around 50-60%, which to me is weird given other examples where that kind of autosomal replacement implied an almost complete replacement on the male line.
I am not sure if I understand your point, but it seems that for some reasons that remain unknown to me you find it very "weired" that about the half of genetic ancestry of all modern Southern Slavs (or, more precisely, from about 55-65% in the East Balkan region to about 40-50% in the West Balkans) comes from some non-Slavic people assimilated by the Slavs (mostly from a local pre-Slavic substratum). Why do you find it so unexpected when knowing that the Balkan region was one of the most populous parts of Europe in those days, and even after the substantial depopulation caused by wars and plagues the local non-Slavic people could not have been eliminated completely (just take a look at how easily the Germanic newcomers were "diluted" among the local people in Lombardy, Iberia or France)?
Those numbers you provide indicate very clearly that E1b (mostly E-V13) constituted nearly 50% of the local pre-Slavic population in the Balkans, and there is nothing "weired" about it. Most importantly, this is perfectly consistent with the preliminary aDNA data from some Roman sites in Serbia (Viminacium, Timacum Minus and Lepenski Vir) where about 44% (or 17/39) of all male samples were members of haplogroup E.
I am not sure if I understand your point, but it seems that for some reasons that remain unknown to me you find it very "weired" that about the half of genetic ancestry of all modern Southern Slavs (or, more precisely, from about 55-65% in the East Balkan region to about 40-50% in the West Balkans) comes from some non-Slavic people assimilated by the Slavs (mostly from a local pre-Slavic substratum).
The autosomal part is not odd to me, what is odd is that there is still so much apparently pre-Slavic Y-DNA around despite that autosomal shift. Maybe I'm expecting the migration to have been more male biased than it was.
Why do you find it so unexpected when knowing that the Balkan region was one of the most populous parts of Europe in those days, and even after the substantial depopulation caused by wars and plagues the local non-Slavic people could not have been eliminated completely (just take a look at how easily the Germanic newcomers were "diluted" among the local people in Lombardy, Iberia or France)?
In fact I think the exact opposite for the autosomal shift, if I didn't know anything about genetics I wouldn't have expected Slavs to have had such an impact not only among Eastern South Slavs but also among Albanians, Vlachs-Romanians and European Greeks, compared to the weaker effect Germanic people appear to have add in the West outside the limes and Britain. My comment was specifically about the ratio between non-Slavic Y-DNA and non-Slavic admixture.
I think you are right in finding it weird, but its easy to explain. In the Balkans the numbers of the locals were not just higher, but they were in some regions, especially the more mountainous ones, even fairly strong and able to resist. So the complete replacements happen, most of the time, if the conquerors make an "easy sweep" of a country, so especially where the land is flat and open, like on the steppe in particular. There you can have an almost complete "tabula rasa" with near complete paternal replacement rates. However, the situation is different if the locals have good strongholds and well-defended or even just hard to find places of retreat. Not just because they can endure the attack, but because, usually, after the initial onslaught, the incoming people settle down and soon afterwards the quarrels among themselves begin. So the new clans and local tribes search for allies and better relations with the local population, to gain the upper hand in their, let's say inner-Germanic or inner-Slavic fights. And that's the chance when especially the Vlach clans jumped in and became partners and allies on eye level. The same happened in Romania, where the Vlach clans, even though the Slavic influence was truly huge both genetically and culturally, took over as the leading element. That's why Romanians, Vlachs and Albanians survived, in the midst of Slavic, Magyar, Bulgar and German settlements. They just had a good position, especially in the mountainous and hilly regions.
Its even possible that E-V13 was in parts of Pannonia at the same or higher level, but there they got replaced early on, to a much higher degree than in the more protected places.
@Michal: You are right, its hard to extrapolate from the current data to the past. It might be more local continuity or not, we simply can't know without ancient DNA. Actually even early Medieval Polish might help a lot and look quite different, who knows until there are larger samples out.
There is a possibility that during Early Bronze Age E-V13 was a Southern Balkan which only few lineages survived and went into exile where they thrived in Urnfield complex during MBA/LBA.
Or, Cetina makes sense, some Cetinas went into Italy, some way down to Greece and some of the Cetina became part of Urnfield complex.
North Carpathians is not convinceable IMO.
Ok, this is a simple model I've made with G25 for the Bulgarian average, the individual Bulgarian samples and me included:
https://i.postimg.cc/433jpjDX/vahaduo-bulgarians.png (https://postimages.org/)
I've tried the model to be late antiquity or early medieval focused so to depict the most reasonable modeling however we are lacking early medieval Balkan samples so I've used BGR_IA here. HUN_Avar_Szolad should represent early Slavs, HUN_MA_Szolad should represent mixed Germanic and Pannonian ancestry while RUS_MA_Nomad should represent proto-Bulgar ancestry.
The results are in line with "Garrett Hellenthal et al",
In the publication by Hellenthal et al., based on a database of 94 modern populations, the authors inferred over 40% of the total autosomal make-up of the Bulgarians to a legacy of the "Slavic (500-900CE)" expansion.
I will not discuss the ethnic Macedonian's average in G25 because there are samples outliers included in the average which are Macedonians by nationality but are NOT ethnic Macedonians, more specifically the sample 'Macedonian3' that appears to be member of the Bosniak or Serbian minority in North Macedonia. This sample is on dictance with me at 0.06431678 and is further away from me than all Serb samples in the spreadsheet and even further away than some Ashkenazi Jews. Laughable to say the least...
Here are my coordinates, you can check for yourself:
Aspar_scaled,0.121791,0.144205,0.026398,-0.012597,0.024928,-0.005578,0.00094,-0.001846,0.001636,0.006925,-0.002923,-0.002997,-0.000595,0.011423,-0.014794,0.010607,0.013299,0.000127,0.010182,-0.006753,-0.006239,0.006677,0.007641,0.002169,-0.000958
So if we take the argument that on average the Bulgarians are 40% Slavic, this goes hand in hand with their combined I2a + R1a results from "Karacanak 2013" plus a small percentage of other lineages considering that proto-Slavs were most probably not only I2a + R1a but had a small percentage of something else as well:
https://i.postimg.cc/2y2j9fW0/bulgarians-y-dna.jpg (https://postimages.org/)
E among Bulgarians is at 22.1% while E-V13 alone is at 18.1%. This puts the E lineages comfortably in the zone of what might have to be considered 'native Balkan lineages'. Plus there is no discrepancy in the correlation between the auDNA and yDNA but pure linearity and proportionality.
Refer to what I've said above about Bulgarians, the autosomal dna correlated with the Slavs is around 40% which is in line with their I2a + R1a percentages plus few percentages of something else...
The model above has one Bulgarian at 34% Slavic ancestry however the G25 spreadsheets don't include all the differentiality among the Bulgarians. Especially are lacking results of most south eastern Bulgarians whose results I've seen on Eurogenes K13 and I still have them on my computer. One of them is my 4000 years distant y-dna bulgarian match. This Thracian Bulgarians can be modeled up to around 25% Slavic admixture with K13. Their K13 values:
Bulgarian:Bulgarian_Burgas,17.87,17.95,17.56,13.49 ,22.08,3.01,3.93,2.18,1.07,0,0.86,0,0
Bulgarian:Bulgarian_Burgas2,16.58,21.19,20.72,12.1 4,25.80,1.49,1.54,0,0.53,0,0,0,0
Imesmouden
please the study name of E among Bulgarians
The figure posted by Aspar is from this research:
IMO you should have some MENA reference too or at least Greek, both are preferable given how readily it is accepted and makes sense given what happened in Italy too. Adding either does elevate Slavic ancestry generally by 5%.
Wouldn't using DEU_MA and HRV_IA be a more direct way to differentiate Illyrian-Pannonian ancestry and Germanic one?
Well regardless of what you do you do get an average at around 40-45%, so it doesn't really change, but I believe the 25% minimum you find on those eurogenes k13 samples are quite an outlier considering how mainland Greek and Albanian samples both score in terms of Slavic ancestry.
But why should it be in line? In England you have a overrepresentation of Germanic Y-DNA lineages compared to the estimated admixture and same goes for the Indo-European expansion.
In England you have a overrepresentation of Germanic Y-DNA lineages compared to the estimated admixture
Is this overrepresentation of Germanic Y-DNA in England really so strong? It seems that the autosomal contribution of the Anglo-Saxons in England is about 30-35% on average, so this is more or less what the combined frequency of R1b-U106 (about 20%) and I1a (about 14%) is, and we should also keep in mind that some of those Germanic Y-DNA lineages could have been brought to England with the more recent migrations (including the Vikings and the Normans).
and same goes for the Indo-European expansion.
This is indeed a case when the impact on the level of Y-DNA was much stronger, especially in nearly all regions dominated by the Bell Beaker folks, like Britain or Iberia, but not so much in places like Greece or the Balkans, so I don't think we should expect that the same mechanisms associated with the cultural dominance of the Bell Beaker/Corded Ware people should be automatically transferred to all migrations in ancient Europe, not to mention that both the population density and the social structures were very different in the Late Neolithic Europe when compared to the Late Roman times.
I wasn't very confident about the North Carpathian origin before the Bronze Age results from Pannonia. The reason is simple, because I see no feasible large scale replacement from the Balkans going North and taking Pannonia and even beyond after the Middle Bronze Age. Yet if looking at the later distribution, the Pannonian and Carpathian region is expected to be heavily E-V13 by the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age, because both Pannonian-Illyrian and Thracian groups seem to have had very high E-V13 frequencies. What this means is, that V13 was not from the local assimilated people, which according ot the recent study were dominated by R1b, R1a and I from EBA to MBA, but came with Urnfield-related groups down in the LBA-EIA transition. And this fits perfectly with an origin around Slovakia, North Carpathians, Southern Urnfield and specific horizons like Gava. Because from where else should both Illyrian and Thracian, Urnfield related groups came down South spreading E-V13 in LBA and EIA?
The Eastern Alpine zone is a candidate too, yes, but while the Balkans seems to have not enough penetration in the LBA-EIA to turn Pannonia in my opinion, the Eastern Alpine expansions related to Illyrian groups seem to have not enough punch to penetrate the Southern Balkans.
I think one should look at any such scenario for an expansion of patrilineages like this: Which migration, cultural shift or expansive culture overlaps with the proposed spread. If we do so, we have to include all known later spreaders, like in this case it seems to affect Thracians the most, Illyrians second, Greeks (Dorians?) third and Celts fourth. Looking for a source which affects all of these and beyond, we don't get around Urnfield, especially with the evidence from Pannonia which seem to strongly indicate that this region was taken by an E-V13 heavy people in the LBA-EIA and I see absolutely no indication for this coming from the South. The strongest candidate must be a South Eastern Urnfield group. I might be wrong, but we will see. The Pannonian results really nailed it in my opinion, but that's of course just my current opinion. There could have been a large scale infiltration without a massive migration from the Southern Balkans, its certainly possible, but became just much more unlikely after these results:
https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?21853-Prehistory-of-the-Carpathian-Basin-from-the-perspective-of-archeogenetics
I believe some I2a lineages and Scandinavian R1a would boost it further as well as other lineages of R1b that are not present in France but are in Northern Germany/Netherlands. I can't find specific studies as precise as the Bulgarian or Polish one though.
I mean they are still similar on the autosomal front, of course we can point at some general differences but male bias in migrations is something quite common that's why I'm looking into this further.
I believe some I2a lineages and Scandinavian R1a would boost it further as well as other lineages of R1b that are not present in France but are in Northern Germany/Netherlands.
I strongly doubt any I2a and R1a lineages were very common among the migrating Anglo-Saxons, not to mention that these haplogroups are relatively rare in England today. For example, the frequency of R1a in England is only about 4% and most of it is Z284 that likely came with the Norwegian Vikings rather than with the Anglo-Saxons or Jutes. Most of the English L664 could have been indeed brought there with the Frisians, but L664 constitutes less than 0.5% of all Y-DNA in England, so its contribution was certainly negligible when compared to other Germanic haplogroups. And again, we need to keep in mind that at least some of the English I1a and R1b-U106 is likely of Viking and Norman origin, so when taking all this into account I cannot see any data suggesting that the Germanic Y-DNA is strongly overrepresented in England when compared to the Germanic autosmal DNA.
I can't find specific studies as precise as the Bulgarian or Polish one though.
And this is another reason we should avoid such bold statements about the putative overrepresentation of Germanic Y-DNA in England.
Could you please show just one secure example of such a significant male bias for any migration taking place during the Great Migrations Period in Europe? It seems to me that all the data we have so far point to a much more balanced sex ratio for all Early Medieval migrations of different Germanic and Slavic tribes.
I strongly doubt any I2a and R1a lineages were very common among the migrating Anglo-Saxons, not to mention that these haplogroups are relatively rare in England today. For example, the frequency of R1a in England is only about 4% and most of it is Z284 that likely came with the Norwegian Vikings rather than with the Anglo-Saxons or Jutes.
There weren't that many Norwegians in England so the point doesn't really work, the R1a could have been Anglo-Saxon given it's present in Denmark too at about 15% and its presence in England doesn't correlated with Norwegian settlements or even Danish.
Most of the English L664 could have been indeed brought there with the Frisians, but L664 constitutes less than 0.5% of all Y-DNA in England, so its contribution was certainly negligible when compared to other Germanic haplogroups.
Other non U152, U106 or L21 could be investigated too.
And again, we need to keep in mind that at least some of the English I1a and R1b-U106 is likely of Viking and Norman origin, so when taking all this into account I cannot see any data suggesting that the Germanic Y-DNA is strongly overrepresented in England when compared to the Germanic autosmal DNA.
For the Normans you would have to make a big assumption on whether the Normans that came over had overall more Germanic Y-DNA than the locals which given all the non-Norman French that came over is doubtful, in fact there is a stronger argument for the opposite being true, that Normans reduced the proportion of Germanic Y-Dna even if by little.
And for the Norse influence I still don't get whether we have somehow been able to divide Anglo-Saxon ancestry from Norse ancestry so doing the same for Y-DNA seems pointless.
Well evidence I see points to that direction:
https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?6154-Y-DNA-Haplogroup-Percentages-and-maps-for-England-Source-FTDNA-Y-DNA-projects
Even if we exclude I2 totally, which is unwarranted given at least some I2 came with Germanic(given it's present where Anglo-Saxons came from too), you end up with some degree overrepresentation if we don't start nitpick everything one way.
Norse expansion in Iceland and Faroes:
https://media.springernature.com/m685/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fsj.ejhg.5201578/MediaObjects/41431_2006_Article_BF5201578_Fig3_HTML.jpg
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sara_Goodacre/publication/7920315/figure/fig1/AS:[email protected]/Map-showing-the-proportions-of-Scandinavian-and-British-Irish-ancestry-for-mtDNA-Mt-and.png
Also Ashkenazi have more Levantine Y-DNA compared to mtDNA and they also originate from this period.
Also let me flip the question, can you show the same kind of mtDna replacement or recent expansions we see with Slavic ydna lineages?
If we actually just compare R1b-U106+I1 for Germanic migrations and R1a+I2a for Slavs we end up seeing some discrepancies, in England it might correlate 1:1 with Anglo-Saxon admixture(if Anglo-Saxon admixture is indeed 30-40% all over England) but for Serbia or other south Slavic countries you end up with underrepresentation of 0.8:1, maybe there is a simple general reason( but in any case there is a difference if you look it at this angle.
We don't have many cases to go through anyway, other than the 4 examples here what other cases do you have where we can reasonably guess y-dna to autosomal admixture ratios or even mtdna to y-dna ratios? To me viewing the migraiton era in isolation seems arbitrary, there is nothing to suggest that the Slavic and Germanic migrations ought to have been more like each other than to other events in other times periods or even other continents.
@Granary:
Vikings had a significant influence on the Isles, there can be no doubt about it.
For the Normans you would have to make a big assumption on whether the Normans that came over had overall more Germanic Y-DNA than the locals which given all the non-Norman French that came over is doubtful, in fact there is a stronger argument for the opposite being true, that Normans reduced the proportion of Germanic Y-Dna even if by little
I wouldn't say that at all and if anything, for the British very much is about the local Bell Beaker population and any later continental influence, with Normans being predominantely Germanic influences which reduced the local Celtic one, and that should be measurable as well. The majority of those coming with the Normans were actual Norman lineages, Bretons, Flemish and French.
However, speaking about, what I found interesting that in Wikipedia they also name Gascon, so Basque, and an old book about the Anglo-Norman armies mentioned Aquitanians in the Army of William too. I wonder whether some clearly Basque lineages in Britain came with the Norman conquest?
VladimirTaraskin
Germany, Saxony 1058-1254 AD. Medieval cemetery.
7 males were sequenced :
3 individuals - R1a-L1029
1 person - I1a-CTS7362
1 person - I2a-Y3120
1 person - E1b-V13
1 person - J2b-Z638
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-75163-w#Tab4
But R1a is not limited to places where Norwegian or Danish vikings were, nor is particularly more common there, so at least that lineage can date back to the Anglo-Saxons too. The recent paper suggests only around 8% or so overall Viking admixture in England which again I'm not sure how that lines up with previous papers given they always mention the difficulty in distinguishing Anglo-Saxon from Viking ancestry.
Normans replaced mostly the nobilty and when you compare the Anglo-Saxon nobilty with the Norman newcomers, can you really say that the Normans had more R1b-U106, I1 or other GermanicY-DNA lineges compared to the local Anglo-Saxon nobilty?
You would need to assume that the Germanic ydna in the Norman and Flemish newcomers was big enough and that the Breton and French contribution was small enough and personally I don't see how that's possible, so actually I'm more prone to say that the Normans if they had any long term impact would have decreased Germanic Y-DNA a bit.
It's possible but I wonder if we have something more concrete after the conquest, is there any historical record of any kind migration between Gascony and England during the 2 1/2 centuries of "English control"?
Large scale MENA migrations and contributions to south-east Europeans's gene pool hasn't been historically recorded and archaeology wise such migration hasn't been detected ever since the Neolithic and the AF. Which led me to think that this MENA signal in south-east Europeans is actually a signal of Roman contribution having in mind the Imperial Romans and the last paper in relation to them which detected strong MENA signal and stretch of samples who plotted on the PCA from the Italian peninsula to the Middle East. Now how this MENA dna made it's way to the Romans is a totally different question.
As per your suggestion I've made a different model with DEU_MA as a proxy for Germanic, UKR_Cimmerian_O as a proxy for Getae people considering that for East Balkanites this is more reasonable ancestry than Pannonian and ITA_Rome_Imperial for South European - MENA ancestry:
https://i.postimg.cc/vHMjbvHN/G25-bulgarians-ancients.png (https://postimages.org/)
This didn't change much regarding Slavic ancestry albeit the distances are better now.
There is a cline in a population dna and plotting everywhere. 40% average for the Bulgarians doesn't mean that every Bulgarian will be around 40% Slavic or that Albanians and Greeks are all the same. I don't think this should be a shock to someone but the Bulgarians living at the southern provincies close to the Greek border are genetically very similar to their Greek neighbors over the border who don't have recent ancestry from somewhere else or who are not immigrants from somewhere else. And this cline continues which means that the northern Greeks along the Bulgarian border would be more similar to their neighbors than to their countryman from the very south. You also have to keep in mind that the Slavic ancestry is strongest in the central areas of the Southern Balkans. That would be Western Bulgaria, while as you go to the peripheral areas of the country, the Slavic ancestry is getting low, where the lowest is in the south-east. The same model with mainland Greeks and Albanians:
https://i.postimg.cc/9X4MhFT9/G25-greeks-ancients.png (https://postimg.cc/G9CrPRX3)
https://i.postimg.cc/3xmpFzvL/G25-greeks-albanians-ancients.png (https://postimg.cc/mPZtbXVM)
It's no surprise that the most 'Slavic' Greeks are those from Macedonia and Thrace and I can imagine who my neighbors are just looking at their values and how close they are to me. The least 'Slavic' of these Macedonian Greeks would be those from the peripheral areas or Western Macedonia while those from Central Macedonia would be the most 'Slavic' ones. The same applies to our Thracian Bulgarians but these is not really important anymore regarding E-V13 and it's relation to the pre-Slavic inhabitants of the Balkans.
The same demographic changes and rules do not apply everywhere. I am not really knowledgeable about the Y-DNA of the English people but if it is as you say than that would imply that the invaders, the Germanics, really made sure to spread their seed. When such situation is observable that might imply that the invaders either killed the males from the other populations they encountered or discriminated them in various ways such is 'the right of the first night' and so on. Now when we talking about Bulgaria or North Macedonia we have to take some things into account.
First, do we know if the Slavic invaders were pure proto-Slavs or already admixed with Pannonian or Dacian/Getae people considering that the Slavs had significant presence on the territory of modern Romania before migrating to more southern areas? I think we don't have the answer to this question however by some rumors on this forum, the Medieval Slavs in the Balkans were Serbian or Romanian like. Now I don't know to which timeline of the Medieval this rumor applies but if it's as early as Early Medieval than that would mean that the Slavs were heavily admixed with Balkan like people.
Second, both North Macedonia and Bulgaria were heavily inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers during the past going by historical accounts and yet these people today are linguistically dead. However they didn't vanished without trace but were assimilated into Bulgarian ethnos. This is quite visible both linguistically and culturally. The Bulgarian language is part of the 'Balkan Sprachbund' unlike all the other Slavic languages. The'Balkan Spracbund' is a term applied to a group of Balkan languages(Bulgarian, Albanian, Eastern or Balkan Romance and Greek). To small degree here can be added the Balkan Roma language and the Torlakian dialect. What this means is that grammatical features, quite distant from the proto-Slavic were added to Bulgarian and this features are shared with other Balkan non-Slavic languages. Every linguist in the world will tell you that the grammar is the backbone of a language and unlike the lexicon who can be changed quite easily and without assimilation of different people, the grammar can't be changed so easily and can only be added to a language if a group of people for various reasons start speaking another language however in doing so, they apply their native language's grammar to the new language. And this is exactly what happened in North Macedonia and Bulgaria where after the turbulent early Medieval the older inhabitants started appearing in the history after insurgence in numbers having to that moment been quite isolated. However when they start appearing, the Slavic states in the Balkans were already organized with state and church institutions where the main language was the Old Church Slavonic. And after the insurgence, these non-Slavic people were heavily involved in the institutions of the Bulgarian Empire and were even nobility as were Kaloyan and Asen which would mean that these people were not conquered people or discriminated so the situation was not the same as in England. However, Involvement of the part of the Vlach nobility in the reconstruction of the Slavic Bulgarian state may indicate its progressive Slavisation. Although the second Bulgarian Empire, like other medieval states, was not a nation-state, there are indications that some Bulgarian tsars led the Slavisation actions among the Vlachs on purpose. Paisii of Hilandar mentions that Kaloyan of Bulgaria forced the Vlachs to use the Slavonic language in church. So you have a situation here where a Bulgarian tsar, Vlach by origin, forces the Vlachs to use the Old Church Slavonic. And probably these people were heavy contributors of E and other non I-Y3120 or R1a lineages.
So, all in all, having in mind that Bulgarians have heavy Balkan, non Slavic contribution, this doesn't imply that this contribution is only female related which if I understood you correctly you try to imply. The demographic mechanisms I've mentioned above doesn't suggest that neither does the correlation of Bulgarian E lineages with northern Slavs. Apart from Carlos Quiles who if you think is a reliable source, no one really connected E-V13 with the Slavs.
So, all in all, having in mind that Bulgarians have heavy Balkan, non Slavic contribution, this doesn't imply that this contribution is only female related which if I understood you correctly you try to imply.
No I did not imply that even closely, I was just expecting to see something like Slavic y-DNA being a bit higher than the autosomal contribution, simply because of the various patterns we see elsewhere. I know the Slavic migration involved whole people and was not a mostly elite conquest like the Goths so I certainly do not think it was only males that migrated. Even if the Slavic migration involved a perfectly equal amount of male and females you still could expect more y-dna from the new population given polygyny and the more varied reproductive success of males compared to females as a general trend, I guess for some reason it doesn't apply here.
The demographic mechanisms I've mentioned above doesn't suggest that neither does the correlation of Bulgarian E lineages with northern Slavs. Apart from Carlos Quiles who if you think is a reliable source, no one really connected E-V13 with the Slavs.
Well if South Slavs were already mixed before crossing the Danube some E-V13 could have entered their community already, but I'm not sure it can be identified it that were the case.
Second, both North Macedonia and Bulgaria were heavily inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers during the past going by historical accounts and yet these people today are linguistically dead.
Wasn't Macedonia south of the Jirecek line anyway? In any case Aromanians and Megleno Romanians are still alive?
Every linguist in the world will tell you that the grammar is the backbone of a language and unlike the lexicon who can be changed quite easily and without assimilation of different people, the grammar can't be changed so easily and can only be added to a language if a group of people for various reasons start speaking another language however in doing so, they apply their native language's grammar to the new language.
I think this is a bit skewed, we don't have much evidence of Koine Greek or Late Romance being the origin of most the Balkanism and it's hard to argue for a native paleo-Balkan and Albanian contribution without knowing how those languages looked in detail, my understanding is that the Sprachbund was created through contact, borrwing and mixing, not primarily by Slavic speakers retaining Greek/Romance/Albanian features because otherwise why would Greek, Romanian and Albanian share features with each other by means of a substratum.
And after the insurgence, these non-Slavic people were heavily involved in the institutions of the Bulgarian Empire and were even nobility as were Kaloyan and Asen which would mean that these people were not conquered people or discriminated so the situation was not the same as in England. However,
I mean that happened in England too eventually but Germanization was more thorough and I believe had less blurred zones, maybe why Celtic had little to no influence on Old English.
What do you mean by "something like Slavic y-DNA"?
My Second question would be: Do you have any proof that this is the real source for Slavic languages?
I'm not going to entertain your ideas about Slavic originating in the Balkans...
Generalissimo
There is such a thing as Balto-Slavic DNA, and it spread into the Balkans during the Middle Ages.
And you think that until then another language was spoken in the Balkans?
And I'm not buying your Baltic theories, because even official history doesn't support such fantasies.
Before the Slavs came, Latin dialects, Albanian-related languages, Greek and Germanic, probably even remnants of Old Bakanic dialects here and there. Coming back to the original topic, before the Thraco-Illyrians spread with Urnfield related groups, other dialects were spoken on the Balkan too.
Actually I'd assume that the spread of E-V13 was pretty similar to the spread of the Slavic languages much later. They both took the same pathways around the Carpathians and through Pannonia. In both cases Pannonia was probably taken first, but also lost first, because its an open and highly vulnerable area.
Where do you read these things? What kind of Albanian, if Albanians have not officially come to the Balkans yet? Do you have any idea of European history, especially Balkan ones? According to what you write, you are far from this discipline.
What does Latin have to do with the local Balkan languages, to which Bulgarian is included?
Your runaround over uncomfortable topics will not change the facts and the written history about Slavic languages and which Kingdom bring them to other people.
About Pannonia, please explain these down here and why Pannonians are not connected to some other Slavs, more closer there? Has any other Slavic ethnic group been mentioned in this time period?
In the Historia Langobardorum Paulus Diaconus describes a clash between Bulgarians and Lombards in Pannonia. This happened somewhere in the second half of the 5th century.
(Ch. Kingsley, Roman and the Theuton, p.104)
The Bulgarians are not in Pannonia by chance and for a short period of time. In his work Geography, Orosius Paul (375-418) placed the lands of the Bulgarians between Carinthia (Austria) and Greece (R.G. Latham, The Germania, XXIV). Pannonia is located exactly in this area. Even if we assume that Orosius wrote his work at the end of his life, this means that the Bulgarians inhabited Central Europe as early as the IV-V century.
Not only Paul the Deacon and Orosius Paul connect the Bulgarians with ancient Pannonia. So does John Zonara. In one of his dictionaries he called the Bulgarians by the name of the Pannonians -Πανόνιοι οἱ Βούλγαροι. And Bulgaria itself as Pannonia -Πανονία ἡ Βουλγαρία
First of all, I'd assume there was a Slavic continuum at this early time, so no clear distinction between West, South and East Slavs, with Pannonia being really not that easily to assign to any particular group or grouping. However, your definition of "Bulgarian" is over the top. That's like using "Goth" for every Germanic South of Denmark, it makes absolutely no sense. You write about Carinthia, but while the Carantanians were surely Slavs, I never ever heard anybody calling them "Bulgarians", even more, what kind of Bulgarian are you even talking about in the IV-V century?
There was surely a continuum from the ancestors of Moravians and Slovaks, down to Carantanians and so on. We hear of the Slavs under the Avars and in Samos "empire" later. I won't list all tribes and search for them, there was a large scale Slavic migration coming ahead of the Avars, those evading their rule, and under their rule. A lot of the Slavic migrations was directly and indirectly associated with first the Germanic migrations and second the Avar intrusion.
Well I already answered in my previous post. The Slavs had the upper hand until the tenth century when the First Bulgarian Empire collapsed. From then on, we observe historical accounts of Eastern Roman and Albanian speakers which we didn't have until that moment. It seems there was some resurgence of these people and after the favourable conditions (collapse of the First Bulgarian Empire), they spread far and wide. So there was some resurgence of pre-Slavic people much like in BA when there was also resurgence of pre-Indo-European people in the Balkans after the massive Indo-European invasions.
Most probably some were assimilated among the Slavs, probably Dacian/Getae and Pannonian people.
Most of North Macedonia was indeed south of Jirecek line however the northern part and cities such as Scupi/Skopje or Kalenidin/Vinica were Latin administrated and were located north of the Jirecek line. Plus the Jirecek line applies only for the civilized city life and it was drawn according to discovered inscriptions either on Greek or Latin. Although the Greek inscriptions predominate south of this line, Latin inscriptions are not rarity either. However, what about the mountain dwellers who lived by herding? This line would hardly applied to them not to mention that there never was a border customs to stop Eastern Romance speaking people moving with their herds south of that line... That's why we shouldn't look at Jirecek line as some strong dividing line between the Romance and Greek world. And that's why there are no records of Eastern Romance speakers migrating to Greece as there are for the Slavs although several Medieval Greek writers did mention that the Vlachs were descendants of the Bessi and the Dacians. The Meglen Vlachs are barely alive. There are no Meglen Romanians. Meglen Romanians is a propagandistic term applied by Gustav Weigand first. The Meglen Vlachs are largely assimilated into Bulgarian speakers today. I say Bulgarian because the dialect spoken in north-central Greece and south-eastern North Macedonia is closer to Bulgarian dialects of south-west and south-central Bulgaria than they are to 'Macedonian' standardized language based on central-west dialects of North Macedonia. Basically most people of south-east North Macedonia have Meglen Vlach ancestry among who and I. However the Eastern Romance speakers once lived on much wider area than it is now as witnessed by historical accounts which would suggest that most were already Bulgarized long ago. The Aromanians did survived however they are mostly recent settlers in North Macedonia apart from the south-west of the country where they have longer presence.
This is not skewed especially because we have evidence of the Old Church Slavonic and there was no features of the Sprachbund in it. Plus no other Slavic languages share these features. So the Slavs didn't bring these features for sure. But who did? If Eastern Romance, Albanian and to lesser degree Greek share this features then the answer is clear. I am not sure that Coine Greek had this features either. I believe that these features in Greek appear because of assimilation of non-Greek originally Eastern Romance and Albanian speaking people as it's the case with the Bulgarian speakers. I didn't say that the Slavs retained this features but that Eastern Romance speakers who started speaking Bulgarian for some reason, applied these features and later spread across Bulgaria and North Macedonia.
Albanian and Greek are the only languages we have from Paleo-Balkan languages. In case of Albanian we are 100% sure it's a Paleo-Balkan language but we are not sure whether it is Illyrian-like or Thracian-like.
How come it is hypothesized that E-V13 was born in Europe, and that it brought with it neolithic agriculture, when E-V13 was formed 7800 years ago while agriculture was brought to europe 6000 years ago? Is it assuming a margin of error, or is there something I am misunderstanding about the theory?
All living downstreams traced to one E-V13 male who lived ~5 kya. Later than "Neolithic distributions inc."
But if you talking about E-V13 "the Progenitor" : yes, he was born in Balkan/Anatolian region more than 7 kya. It was before so called "Black Sea deluge" and Balkan and Asia Minor was the whole area (no Bosphorus/Dardanell)
I missed this discussion here. It was an interesting one.
I would just add that more detailed insight into E-V13 branches of present day Romanians would be quite significant for better understanding of distribution of E-V13 in whole Europe.
Unfortunately Romania has remained undertested for years now.
Romanians are too east to be the source of E-V13. Dacians-Getae were already formed when in Late Bronze Age E-V13 intruded into them, just as they intruded among Illyrians and Greeks.
Between BC 15th–12th century, the Dacian-Getae culture was influenced by the Bronze Age Tumulus-Urnfield warriors who were on their way through the Balkans to Anatolia
Mountain, Harry (1998). The Celtic Encyclopedia. Universal. ISBN 978-1581128901.
I don't think so, even more, these are the same people and its the same problem. We have to look at the exact timing for Pannonia and the Northern Balkans. Before the Middle-Late Bronze Age, there was no E-V13. The exact timing matters a lot.
You are kidding, right? It is well known fact Greek and Albanian are Isolates in the group of Indo-European languages and this is for a reason.
The source for IE languages CAN NOT be an isolate but just the opposite and the fact is the existing of the IE group by itself.
Greek was not IE, has a non-Indo-European substrate and has been Indo-Europeanized under the influence of the local population and mixing with it for several millennia and Albanian has nothing to comment on here.
It has nothing to do with local ancient languages but the amount of loan words give the wrong impression that it is a Balkan language. We know that the Latin borrowings in it are not old, ie it fits very accurately with the late appearance of the Albanians in this territory according to the OFFICIAL HISTORY and documents.
Read Matzinger, Albanian is in fact a Central Balkans language, influenced by both Illyrian, Thracian but essentially it was part of Albanoid group family (Illyrian, Albanian, Messapian).
Greek is a clearly IE language, it just has older IE and non-IE substrate influences, like many other IE languages too.
@Riverman, so this explanation in historyfiles somehow is similar to your theory.
There they swiftly became dominant over the local Neolithic farmers of 'Old Europe', and then over Minoan Crete, while also occupying many of the Greek isles and possibly even the Anatolian coast in the form of the Ahhiyawa. It is fairly common for a newly-arrived warrior culture to impose a fresh layer of ruling nobility on any existing society, and Indo-Europeans seemed especially good at this when the preceding culture was Neolithic. Their last hurrah seemingly came with the conquest of Troy, calculated here to have taken place around 1183 BC. By then climate-induced drought had not only resulted in tremendous political instability in the entire eastern Mediterranean region (making the attack on Troy possible in the first place), it had also brought about the fall of the Hittite empire (Troy's major ally), and triggered migrations by the West-Indo-European settlers along the Danube and the South-West Indo-European settlers of Romania and - by now - the northern Balkans. They began pushing southwards in a tremendous wave of advance, perhaps as early as about 1250 BC. The possibility exists that the rise of the Urnfield culture from around 1300 BC (locally represented by the Gava culture - see map below) could also have been instrumental in initiating this migration.
These people were in the process of forming into historically-recognisable tribes by this time, or at least did so as a result of their migrations. The proto-Illyrians (not a single homogenous group in itself, but seemingly all sorts of odds-and-ends from the Danubian communities) and proto-Epirotes soon occupied the entire western Balkan coast north of Greece itself. The former perhaps did not find enough land or resources, as they soon spilled over the Adriatic and into south-western Italy in the form of the Iapyges (seemingly between the eleventh and tenth centuries BC). The proto-Thracians took the south-eastern corner of the Balkans, everything between the Balkans Mountains (which run through the centre of modern Bulgaria) and the area around Thessalonica. The proto-Dacians - closely related to the Thracians at least - took (or remained in) territory to the north of the Thracians, in Romania and Moldova. The proto-Phrygians took a similar route but carried on going until they had crossed into Anatolia - in fact they may have begun this movement as early as 1450 BC. The story for proto-Armenians is far less certain, but they were also part of this general grouping at some point. The proto-Macedonians took the bulk of the mountainous territory between the Thracians and the Epirotes, while the proto-Dorians, Aeolians, and Ionians continued on into Mycenaean Greece and the islands of the Aegean, seemingly in superior numbers and with aggression enough to see off even the Mycenaeans.
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/KingListsEurope/BarbarianBalkans.htm
Yes, I can just agree with most of what he wrote. I might add that with the newest results coming in from ancient DNA, there is little opportunity for any other scenario working out for the spread of E-V13 in close relation with Thraco-Illyrian expansions under Urnfield. If E-V13 expanded from the South Balkans or even more South Eastern, they should have arrived in signfiicant numbers in Pannonia and the Balkans by the Middle Bronze Age, but going by all results we have so far, they did not. After that period you mainly have bigh pushes from the Eastern Alpine and North Carpathian zone coming with Urnfield and after that, things stabilised at least to such a degree, that large scale replacments within the historical known people are quite unlikely. So the logical consequence is that huge tribal alliances moved from the North Carpathian regions through and around the Carpathian mountains at the LBA-EIA transition with Urnfield-related cultures, especially the Gava horizon.
I guess that even among Greeks E-V13 might have became big primarily with the Illyrian push which affected Dorians and Macedonians in particular. This means before Dorian expansion only low E-V13 or none at all among Mycenaeans, but afterwards, pockets and settlements heavy in V13 among Greeks. What I liked in particular is this map, which sums it up perfectly:
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/Europe/Europe/Map_EasternEurope1200BC_full.jpg
East Alpine => North Carpathian is what i envision.
They intruded the original Thraco-Illyrians who belonged to mostly R1b-Z2103 probably, and took their language.
I always thought South Balkans origin makes the most sense, but lately that theory doesn't make sense anymore. The earlier branch-offs are in Central Europe. Balkans is exclusively E-V13 Z5017/Z5018 with some early branches like Vasojevichi one who might be early Hellenic/Mycenean since Greeks from Cyclades belong to that as well.
In the realm linguistic what does this suggest iron age paleo-Balkan languages looked like? Should we expect them to be close to Celtic or Italic rather than Greek? I know this is almost pure speculation but at this point I don't know what else we can do if we don't find new inscriptions...
I might add that with the newest results coming in from ancient DNA, there is little opportunity for any other scenario working out for the spread of E-V13 in close relation with Thraco-Illyrian expansions under Urnfield.
I keep seeing people mentioning the term Thraco-Illyrian, so I'd like to know what are the sources for such claims? What are historical, archaeological, linguistic or genetic connections between the two?
That's rather a bald statement. It's impossible to know which lineages brought what from this time distance but almost all parameters show that if anything, the Thracian language which is a close relative to the proto-Balto-Slavic one, was a late comer to the Balkans. Late in the sense that it split from the proto-Balto-Slavic one rather later than the initial split of the proto-Indo-European which gave rise of languages such as Greek, Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Celtic and so on, and as such it couldn't have been present in the Balkans before the Greek one who was probably introduced in the Balkans with the arrival of the Mycenaeans in the 18th-16th century BC. And probably the first Indo-European languages that were spoken in the Balkans were proto-Anatolian ones including the Armenian amongst others. And I suspect that many R-Z2103 were either already in the Balkans before the arrival of the Thracian language and might have been speakers of other languages such as Greek, Phrygian, Armenian but also other now extinct Indo-European languages. In that sense, why couldn't the expansion of E-V13 be the factor that brought the Thracian language in the Balkans? Yes, we know that E-V13 wasn't originally a lineage associated with the spread of the Indo-European languages but was probably assimilated somewhere in Europe, if I had to guess, I would say the northern Carpathian region. However later during the LBA it was probably a major Indo-European player and if I had to guess which language most of the E-V13 lineages were associated with I would guess with the Thracian language.
The Balkans are NOT exclusively Z5017/Z5018 or that non CTS1273 clade present mostly in the Western Balkans you mentioned. I'm Y16729, a clade directly downstream of BY3880 which is quite diverse in the Balkans and South Italy. There are already BY3880* clusters found among Macedonians and Bulgarians with origins from North Macedonia and Greek Macedonia. E-FGC44169 is another major clade downstream of BY3880 which is quite diverse in Bulgaria where both S7461 and BY6537, clades downstream of it have been found. The 'Scythian' of local origin going by his autosomal DNA which was probably a Getae was found positive for E-FGC44169.
Your only Thracian propaganda together with your Balkan Slavs gangs occassionally accompaniyed by Romanians for political propaganda is annoying. :)
I highly doubt E-V13 spoke IE during MBA. And you'll get the answer soon enough.
Your answer is actually pure propaganda. I didn't expect a serious answer knowing your capacity(being suspended from this forum for the same reason) and dislike for Slavic speakers but hey, we can't actually disappear in thin air just because you don't like our opinions. I believe this is not the right forum for you, Apricity and it's nationalistic and racists followers will suit you much better I believe.
Which part of my answer you didn't like?
I bet it's the one with the Balto-Slavic relationship of the Thracian language. Poor you, all these Slavs in the Balkans that invade your God given lands since eternity, how do they dare to think of any ancient staff, they only belong to Pripyat!!
And what language did they speak? Afro-Asiatic one?
All the ancient E-V13's starting with scy197, the 'Scythian' Getae, and the unofficial results of the IA Thracians confirm that they were heavy in E-V13.
Non Indo-European languages during MBA? Probably some isolated pockets that survived in the form of Etruscans. But than again, of the little amount of Etruscan results we have, there doesn't appear E-V13 but J-L283, a lineage strongly associated with the Gheg Albanians...
Your scape-goat arguments and imagination are ridiculous. I don't participate in Apricity and i am not a nationalist and racist, you trying to project those at me is just you trying to gain attention of the administrators here.
Can you post serious scholarship that Thracian is related to Balto-Slavic? You obviously cannot, it is just a hypothesis which you biasedly want to support. Let me tell you that Thracian is a very poorly attested language to attribute any relationship with Balto-Slavic, and yet even if it had relationship with Balto-Slavic making a very early relationship between E-V13 and Thracian language is totally unconvincing as it is for any Indo-European language from the Balkans which they should have been heavily R1b-Z2103, and yes not E-V13 and not J2b2-L283 as some push it. It's unconvincing.
Of course Thracians will be heavy E-V13, just as Illyrians and Iron Age Greeks because from all archeological records the Balkans was overrun by Danubian Urnfield culture, and it looks like it cannot be attributed exclusively to Thracians as you hiddenly want to point out because by that time LBA the classical Thracians were still not formed, it looks like more and more that E-V13 was a third layed on top of existing Indo-Europeans and it's quite possible that they integrated into these tribes proto-Illyrians/proto-Thracians/proto-Greeks and latter on during classical times due to founder effects their numbers grew in size.
We still don't have enough samples, especially not for Illyrians and Greeks.
Well you bring the attention to you yourself braking the rules of this forum:
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As for the Balto-Slavic relationship, most of the overwhelming evidence in form of onomastics, phrases etc. show Balto-Slavic or mostly Baltic connection and most linguists agree on this including the Lithuanian polymath Jonas Basanavičius listed 600 identical words of Balts and Thracians and was the first to investigate similarities in vocal traditions between Lithuanians and Bulgarians, the Bulgarian linguist Ivan Duridanov who claimed that:
the Thracian language formed a close group with the Baltic (resp. Balto-Slavic), the Dacian and the 'Pelasgian' languages. More distant were its relations with the other Indo-European languages, and especially with Greek, the Italic and Celtic languages, which exhibit only isolated phonetic similarities with Thracian; the Tokharian and the Hittite were also distant.
Also, the Russian philologist Oleg Trubachev claimed that certain isoglosses, particularly lexical ones, in Balkan Slavic languages have cognates in Baltic, but not in East Slavic languages.
Also the American linguist Harvey Mayer writes:
Finally, I label Thracian and Dacian as East Baltic ... The fitting of special Dacian and Thracian features (which I identified from Duridanov's listings) into Baltic isogloss patterns so that I identified Dacian and Thracian as southeast Baltic. South Baltic because, like Old Prussian, they keep unchanged the diphthongs ei, ai, en, an (north Baltic Lithuanian and Latvian show varying percentages of ei, ai to ie, and en, an to ę, ą (to ē, ā) in Lithuanian, to ie, uo in Latvian). East Baltic because the Dacian word žuvete (now in Rumanian spelled juvete) has ž, not z as in west Baltic, and the Thracian word pušis (the Latin-Greek transcription shows pousis which, I believe, reflects -š-.) with zero grade puš- as in Lithuanian pušìs rather than with e-grade *peuš- as in Prussian peusē. Zero grade in this word is east Baltic, e-grade here is west Baltic, while the other word for "pine, evergreen", preidē (Prussian and Dacian), priede (Latvian), is marginal in Lithuanian matched by no *peus- in Latvian.
As for E-V13, I believe that it managed to survive somewhere around the North Carpathians where later the Gava-Holihrady culture thrived during LBA. This would explain the relationship with the Baltio-Slavic languages because of the proximity with the Komarov culture considered to have been in connection with the proto-Slavs.
Yes, we don't have enough samples but of those that we have whether officially or unofficially, the ancient Greeks turned J2a, R1b and G. Ancient Dalmatian was J-L283 while E-V13 only appears among the Getae and the Thracians...
I will not continue further considering that Thracian is poorly attested language, and no convincing relationship has been set up with Balto-Slavic, it's just up in the air.
As for E-V13, we have E-V13 in South Italy, in North Italy as well, Albanians, Greeks. Not all of them descend from Getae and Thracians. And Thracians should have R1b-Z2103 and J2a and/or J2b2 as well, we should definitely expect that. So far, we can firmly say that we can be prone of sampling bias.
Johane Derite
Baltic connection and most linguists agree on this including the Lithuanian polymath Jonas Basanavičius listed 600 identical words of Balts and Thracians and was the first to investigate similarities in vocal traditions between Lithuanians and Bulgarians, the Bulgarian linguist Ivan Duridanov who claimed that:
Harvey Mayer argues there is no such thing as "Balto-Slavic" but rather that "Slavic" is just an ancient balticised Albanian dialect group (he compares to English as a partially Romanised Germanic dialect).
So he cannot be used as an argument for balto-slavic thracians but rather only possibly Baltoidic.
Ivan Duridov claims Thracian formed close with Baltic and Pelasgian? What does he mean by Pelasgian? What inscriptions or even names do we have of Pelasgian language group that supposedly matches with Baltic and Thracian? Seems like an outdated possibly bulgarian nationalist author.
Johnny ola
Prolly the pre-IE dialects of South EU.Maybe like the Tyrsenian familly group i guess.
What if those Tyrrhenian/Lemnians were remnants of the Sea People related to Etruscans which they continued/migrated living in Aegean after LBA turmoil?
Yes, although there are differing mentions. Epirus, Dodona is reffered to as a Pelasgian place for exampel, and there is no known non-IE people there.
What i mean is how could a linguist say so surely that baltic, thracian, and pelasgian form a group when we have no pelasgian linguistic material. If pelasgian is tyrsenian that isnt even IE so it reflects badly on the linguist and whether he should be taken with a grain of salt.
I understand what you mean.I don't agree either with the Thracian relation towards to Balto-Slavic because its indeed not very well recorded...but this dosn't necessary mean that the Thracian dialect it is not a combination of IE with native EEF affinities.Greek is also a similar case.The problem with Greek dialects is that the first Greek language of 'Myceneans' it was by far more IE related.What happened at the IA and after its completely a mystery.The upcoming new Greek dialects that took place with the infamous Dorian invasion were not so IE related.Attic-Ionic,Dorian, Aeolic etc are less IE related compare to the first Greek dialect of the Mycenean Greece.Also, i am not avoiding the fact that the Greek language during Mycenean times used to speak only by elite people and only inside the palaces.The plebs and other local folks without elite-upper class roots would have been speakers of native dialects.
But other linguists also argue that there is no Balto-Slavic but only Baltic and view Slavic as a Baltic dialect. In both cases, whether Balticized or Albanized, Irinicized or Germanized, Slavic is closest to the Baltic languages which are found the most similar to Thracian.
Harvey Mayer bases his bombastic title on mainly some phonological and lexical features shared between Albanian and Slavic languages which according to him date since long time ago, when Indo-European syllabic nasals n, m, n, m became vowels plus nasals.
The same arguments can be used the other way around, that Slavic was initially a southern Baltic dialect that was spoken in close proximity to an Albanoid language and influenced phonologically and lexically by it.
Who says it's outdated and nationalistic? Are you a linguist?
Your arguments are not very convincing especially when Ivan Duridanov was one of the most prominent linguists in the world, and great authority when it comes to the Thracian language. Trying to debunk him just because you don't find his opinion likable or because he was a Bulgarian without quoting any serious linguists is not even up for discussion.
As for Pelasgian, it was analysed the same way as any other extinct and not much attested ancient language, with the help of onomastics and phrases written by ancient Greek authors mostly.
Thracian and Illyrian for the most part, both in the widest sense.
- There are linguists which suggest a very close relationship of these two language (groups). I know this is no consensus now, but it was proposed in the past and being still promoted by some. In any case their relationship seems to be close in a general language continuum from Celtic-Italic-Germanic-Illyrian-Thracian-Slavic. So my position is they were at least neighbours when starting south, which relates to
- Both seem to have expanded at roughly the same time from the Urnfield horizon, coming from related people
- Even if somone denies both, and says they came at different times, by different routes, from different sources, in the Carpatho-Balkan sphere (widest sense), they overlapped and influenced each other heavily and its especially in their overlapping zone, E-V13 seems to have risen to particularly high numbers incidently. I'm speaking about the so called Triballi:
Also, going by later Iron and Roman age samples, both Thracians and Illyrians seem to have harboured the highest frequencies of E-V13 - in both regions after their arrival, after Urnfield-related expansions like Gava, not before.
That's rather a bald statement. It's impossible to know which lineages brought what from this time distance but almost all parameters show that if anything, the Thracian language which is a close relative to the proto-Balto-Slavic one, was a late comer to the Balkans. Late in the sense that it split from the proto-Balto-Slavic one rather later than the initial split of the proto-Indo-European which gave rise of languages such as Greek, Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Celtic and so on
That's correct, in my proposed model they lived side by side with Slavs as their closest relatives in the pre-Urnfield expansion time, directly in the North Carpathians. They departed, moved into the Carpathian and Balkan zone, forming Dacians, Getae and Thracians proper. My idea is they were positioned, both geographically and linguistically, between Illyrian and Slavic. The Proto-Illyrians (again widest sense, language group) moved as a bulk directly South, into Pannonia, the Thracians rather into the Carpathain mountains and around them Eastwards. So you can see them as two wings of the Northern Urnfield expansion, Illyrian West through Pannonia, Thracian South, through what is now Eastern Romania. Both with Urnfield in the LBA to EIA.
Nobody knows for sure, so there remain a lot of different optional scenarios, but I think its nearly impossible they spoke no IE in the Middle Bronze Age. They were sitting with other patrilineages North of the Carpathians or in the East Alpine zone, but they were already IE and speakers of Proto-Illyrian and Proto-Thracian for the most part, though radiating out to their direct neighbours probably. If, like I think they did, the E-V13 lineages spread big time in the LBA-EIA from the relative North, they spread, very directly, Thracian first and Illyrian second. To associate them yet another time with non-IE makes absolutely no sense in this context, because the horizon which expanded with them was surely the dominant one, and considering the later numbers, they invaded in some regions at replacement level, meaning whatever was there before was largely replaced, by them. Even more so if considering that it is rather unlikely they were exclusively E-V13 at any point, so we rather should look at possible candidates which expanded with them, in the same time, around the LBA-EIA, from the regions North of the Adriatic and North of the Carpathians into Pannonia and the Balkans.
.Trying to debunk him just because you don't find his opinion likable or because he was a Bulgarian without quoting any serious linguists is not even up for discussion.
I don't personally find his opinion unlikable. The point i'm making is we dont actually have pelasgian onomastics like we do for other dead languages. We dont have pelasgian glosses or names, and no classification can be made either way. Especially since some supposed pelasgian idioms arent even IE.
Vladimir Orel found Albanian many Baltic - Albanian isoglosses, and Eric Hamp placed Albanian as a language coming from a proto-balto-albano-slavic group, so I am not objecting on unlikability as i have shared those opinions myself to have in mind.
E-v13 doesn't seem to be associated with baltic or slavic though so this problematizes the matter. Some might say it does match up with "Albanoid" idioms.
I think its fair to say that Albanian is the sole survivor of the whole Thraco-Illyrian spectrum (widest sense) and as we all know, these language groups were once much wider spread and covered large portions of Eastern Central and South Eastern Europe. At the end they shared the same fate as their predecessors on the Balkans, because the major pushes, latest after the Middle Bronze Age, came from North -> South. Especially the direction from the North and Eastern Carpathian region is particularly important, because most major intrusions started from there, the Roman conquest was probably one big exception, the other is Neolithics, both for obvious reasons. Greeks, Illyrians, Thracians, Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmatians, Germanics, Slavs, Avars, Bulgars, Magyars, to just name the most important groups which moved from these directions, through and around the Northern and Eastern Carpathians, into Pannonia and the Balkans. My assumption is that Proto-Anatolian took just the same path, forming Cernavoda and related groups, moving on to Troy and Western Anatolia. It was a succession of people moving in from the direction of Poland and the Ukraine.
From what we know of Illyrian does it look closer to which branch? And if we don't have enough evidence would you say it's fair to assume that it was closer to Italic before any Greek influenced kicked in?
My assumption is that Proto-Anatolian took just the same path, forming Cernavoda and related groups, moving on to Troy and Western Anatolia. It was a succession of people moving in from the direction of Poland and the Ukraine.
How does Phrygian fit in that view? Was it a pre-Urnfield language spoken in the Balkans that was pushed or just moved into Anatolia and was eventually replaced by Thracian and Greek colonies?
Did anyone ever try to reconstruct or work on a pre-Latinate Albanian lexicon to try to get at how paleo-Balkan languages could have looked like? Surely modern Albanian is a good source to complement the sparse inscriptions we have.
Nevertheless, would be quite interesting if we get data from ancient Balkans both West and East and Greece. We will scope it down quite nicely then.
But considering that Ligurians, some North Italians and South Italians as well carry E-V13, we should get more complicated picture than solely/exclusively Daco-Thracian when we know for sure Daco-Thracians never had contact with South Italy or Liguria.
A cursory reference in Albanian and Thracian words will show that you are writing untrue things, to put it mildly.
It will be interesting to see how you would explain the etymology of Thracian deities
through Albanian. LOL
I think even some Anglos have EV13.
ADW_1981
Yes, some of my relatives do, and I've noticed some Scottish names in there too. Not sure about Irish though, which if not, would more likely make them lowland Scots.
The most thorough people doing this currently are Austrian linguist Joachim Matzinger and Stefan Schumacher.
They did complete study of Old Albanian texts and have created a lexicon of Old Albanian verbs with etymologies that most of the time include reconstructions until PIE with intermediate phases. Their publications are of the last 10 years and most people are still not really familiar with them.
Matzinger's position is that Albanian is not a direct descend of the Illyrian language on the Adriatic coast, but a slightly more hinterland adjacent dialect:
"Albanian is closely related to Illyrian and Messapic"
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EmD_A8xX0AAjmGh?format=jpg&name=4096x4096
Depictions of birds are overrepresented in the Dolenjska Hallstatt culture, and appear on over a quarter of artefacts depicting animals. A wide variety of artefacts with birds have been found primarily in graves, and crosscut gender, status, and age. However, poor preservation of zooarchaeological remains has made reconstructions of lived human-bird interactions difficult. This study uses ecological and ethological data, combined with local imagery, to provide insight into prehistoric human-bird interfaces in this area, and the cultural conceptions surrounding these interactions. Birds would have been a constant presence in the lives of Dolenjska Hallstatt people; however, human relationships with them were based more on observation than direct interaction. Birds were ubiquitous in imagery, and it is proposed that this stemmed from Dolenjska Hallstatt conceptions of birds as important observers of human actions, ritual mediators, and possibly guides or guardians. Their differences from humans and other animals distinguished them – they were set apart, and depictions highlighted non-normative behaviours. Birds in the Dolenjska Hallstatt worldview were more than animals, ascribed extraordinary capabilities that made them ritually potent and richly symbolic creatures.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14614103.2018.1435981?journalCode=yenv20
8 - Creativity in Middle and Late Bronze Age Bird-Shaped and Bird-Ornamented Ceramic Objects in the Carpathian Basin and the Lower Danube Region
https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/creativity-in-the-bronze-age/creativity-in-middle-and-late-bronze-age-birdshaped-and-birdornamented-ceramic-objects-in-the-carpathian-basin-and-the-lower-danube-region/059BBD864D000F7A4A630FAB2B16E566
E-V13 made it via Illyrian/East Hallstatt -> West Hallstatt and early Celtic -> Germanic. So it came to Britain in many waves, but I'd assume not before the LBA to Iron Age (Celts) and with any subsequent people which entered the island.
We don't have enough evidence afaik, probably some linguistic experts (anyone?) disagree, but my impression is it was closer to Italic than Greek. Would make even more sense if looking at its Central European and Urnfield relations.
Phrygians are an early offshot from the Thracian branch, which might have been influenced by Greek and Anatolian substrate in my opinion. In any case they were part of this same movement which brought Thracians-Illyrians to the Balkans, they just hopped over the Bosporus so to say.
This is a reasonable position, even more so since the coastal zone was largely Roman and Greek in the time of the Roman empire, Albanian surely survived in the more mountainous hinterland, like Basque or later Vlachs/Romanians after the collapse of the empire. This also means that a possibly richer language was somewhat shrunken in this period of retreat in refuges.
Those at Medinet Habu which fought Ramsess III, were of South Balkan groups type( the mix of Mycenean type of ship and Urnfield avian styling is uncanny) recently descended from Urnfield migrants probably.
The Problem of the Sea Peoples Ship Depiction
How, then, to explain at Medinet Habu a Mycenaean galley that looks like a
bronze Urnfield vogelbarke sprung to life?
It is widely acknowledged that cultures often adopt foreign ships for their own
uses.20 Wachsmann suggests that in this case, the artists at Medinet Habu chose for their
prototype ship a vessel manned by a crew “that held religious beliefs consistent with
those of the Urnfield culture.” He emphasizes that the appearance of this ship in the
naval battle relief does not indicate that all—or even a number of—ships of the Sea
Peoples coalition were of similar crew composition or appearance. The artists of the
Medinet Habu naval battle relief may have chosen to depict this particular Sea Peoples
vessel precisely because it was so unique. 21
This thesis will examine what possibility—if any—existed for a Central
European presence in the Late Bronze Age Sea Peoples coalition. It will attempt to
synthesize a vast and often highly disparate corpus of scholarship dealing with issues of
Bronze Age contact between Europe and the Aegean, the destruction of Mycenaean
Greece, and the ethnic composition of the Sea Peoples.
In order to evaluate the argument for Central European participation in the Sea
Peoples coalition, it is necessary to first put in context the Bronze Age relationship
between Central Europe and that of it closest neighbor, Mycenaean Greece—a culture
whose population is generally considered to have played a role in the Sea Peoples
20 See Casson 1995, 141-2 for an example of Rome’s adaptation of the liburnian.
21 Wachsmann 2000, 122-3.
coalition.
Next, this paper will take a closer look at the origins and significance of the
vogelbarke. There is a question of whether Bronze Age Central European bird-head
motifs influenced Aegean Bronze Age bird-head representations, or vice-versa. This
issue must be addressed if we are to examine that possibility that the Medinet Habu Sea
Peoples vessel may have an ultimately “European” origin.
Included among the myriad theories regarding the destruction of the Mycenaean
palaces in the LH IIIB/C period are variations on the “northern invasion” theme, which
posits that large groups of well-armed barbarians swept down from the Balkans and laid
waste to mainland Greece, then perhaps continuing on to Cyprus, the Levant, and,
ultimately, a conflict with Ramesses III.
https://nautarch.tamu.edu/Theses/pdf-files/Romey-MA2004.pdf
https://www.mdpi.com/arts/arts-08-00165/article_deploy/html/images/arts-08-00165-g040.png
It seems so.Lyndon Baines Johnson the 36th USA president was EV13.Taking serious his surname must be of 'Anglo' roots. His grandfather was this man:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Ealy_Johnson_Sr.
vettor
you do realise that the messapic are the smallest of the Iapygian group of tribes and the Daunians the largest who settled around Foggia Italy ................these Iapygian people originate in modern croatia
The Iapygians or Apulians (Greek: Ἰάπυγες, Ĭāpyges; Latin: Iapyges, Iapygii) were an Indo-European people, dwelling in an eponymous region of the southeastern Italian Peninsula named Iapygia (modern Apulia) between the beginning of the first millennium BC and the first century BC. They were divided into three tribes: the Daunians, Peucetians and Messapians.
The region was known to the Greeks of the 5th century BC as Iapygía ('Ιαπυγία), and its inhabitants as the Iápyges ('Ιάπυγες).[1] It was probably the term used by the indigenous peoples to designate themselves.[1] The name 'Iapyges' has also been compared to that of the 'Iapydes', an Illyrian tribe of northern Dalmatia.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daunians
They arrived in Italy in the late bronze age .......these Daunians from other papers doubled the other 2 tribes in number ..............but I assume they would have been the first to mix with the samnites and so over time loose to a degree their ethnicity
The Daunians also had tatooing, like their illyrian countrymen in the northern balkans who must have learnt it from the celts , their northern neighbours
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1179/146195711798369328?journalCode=yeja20
https://www.academia.edu/33341054/Illyrian_Vestiges_in_Daunian_Costume_tattoos_strin g_aprons_and_a_helmet
https://www.academia.edu/20352171/Daunian_Women_costume_and_actions_commemorated_in_ stone
Never heard about that, but tattoos are fairly widespread among many IE, actually many people around the world. Anyway, what would be really interesting is to get some more of those tested :)
@Riverman I like many elements of your hypothesis about expansion of E-V13. It resolves multiple questions and it is composed of numerous sensible arguments. Though I'm a bit skeptical about the timeframe. I have no solid arguments, it just feels a bit "late". I also disagree with Anatolia as the European entrance point of E-V13 (or its ancestor). But lets not go that way, that is another story.
However, there is one circumstance which is in your favor but you did not mention it in a way it deserves - it is the Late Bronze Age collapse. If we follow the scenario(s) you suggest would you agree that E-V13 people actually used the vacuum which emerged after the collapse of multiple societies in Eastern Mediterranean at the end of Bronze Age? To me the collapse seems like an excellent prelude for what is to happen with E-V13.
I wasn't digging deeper into this, because its a disputed deeper going debate, but my personal opinion is that the events I described and associated with the expansion of E-V13 were actually directly causal for the Bronze Age collapse. This is for two reasons:
- The E-V13 clans seem to be best associated with the spread of early iron processing technologies, they were metal working specialists for their time, what happened in their settlements was state of the art back then. This transition to iron and more advanced new technological provinces even before were directly related to the Bronze Age collapse.
- We see in the course of this major upheavals in the zone I think of being central for the spread of E-V13, in the Northern Carpathians to Northern Balkans, I just refer to Teleac once more, because its a real big thing, both the size of the settlement, the technology and production it harboured, as well as the siege and destruction, which needs real armies at work.
- The last point is simple, the same movements which brought new technologies and change first to the Carpathian region, reached later the Balkans, West Anatolia, even the Levante.
Its basically one big chain of events, like whole people and populations moving and pushing each other - we don't know all the reasons, but we can see the big technological leap forward for the Northerners, directly associated with the Urnfield expansion, and we see that they were on the move. Take for example Mycenaean collapse and the Dorian invasion theory: They conquered them with iron weapons, that was the classic view on the issue.
Then came people like this:
Drews 1993, p. 63:
The old view — that the Dorian invasion proceeded from the central Balkans and that it occurred ca. 1200 — is now maintained by only a few archaeologists and against increasing evidence to the contrary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorian_invasion
Like in many other cases, genetics might bring things back into the realm of logic and facts. The whole spread of Dorian and associated signals without the movement of people never made any sense at all. Archaeologists just developed an issue with the term "invasion", yet it was clear from ancient accounts and the modern work on the problem, that the Dorians were for many places newcomers and they brought new influences, even technological inputs, to the region. And part of their influences seem to have been directly derived from the Thraco-Illyrian realm of things, which then again created Eastern Hallstatt in the next step of the development. Its all connected.
Recently I read that what might be called Dorian was present before, as mercenaries, soldiers, guards and people around the urban centres. Well that wouldn't make any difference, because its like Semites, or to be concrete Akkadians living around Sumerian places, knocking on the door for long. When they took over, it was still a conquest and it was still accompanied by even more people coming, by whole tribes moving. And the same happened at the end of the Bronze Age. Basically it was the Northern Bronze Age cultures getting mature, while the old centres getting senile.
E-V13 might actually be like the red flag for the whole process and the events unfolding, like where it appeared, it might be directly related by people from the relative North entering the scene, beginning the downfall of the old urban centres, with their large and well equipped armies, tribes and alliances, starting to tear down the walls. That doesn't mean V13 was as a whole involved in this, or an exclusive marker, not at all, but it might be the new kid on the block in this period of time for the Southern Balkan, Aegean and Levante. I won't go as far as to directly associate it with single tribes moving with the Sea people, though its certainly possible it was involved there as well. But probably, even more likely, they were primarily those which pushed them, reaching not as far, but settling down as Illyrians, Thracians and as an element of Dorians primarily, with radiation beyond, Celts primarily, but also Germanics and steppe people.
I would really look for the early iron production, this is very, very important:
The large hillfort of Teleac, commanding the Mureş River valley, the principal East-West connecting axis in the Carpathian Basin, was likely built in the second half of the 11th century BC and occupied until the end of the 10th or the early 9th century BC. The fortification wall was destroyed around 920 BC, according to recent investigations. More than 40 iron objects were discovered in the fortified complex. These iron finds viewed together with numerous other iron finds from other sites signify that Transylvania was an early centre of the implementation of iron and presumably iron production. Thereby, the use of iron for producing weapons probably stood in the foreground. This is indicated by corresponding grave finds in Greece that contain a sword as offering, but also iron swords found in Slovenia and Romania.
http://141.2.140.22/opus4/frontdoor/index/index/year/2020/docId/53995
The introduction of iron weapons was a complete game changer. I remember reading how Mycenaeans might have reacted, when they were attacked by Dorians and the iron weapons pierced their armour on which they relied. The effect must have been devastating everywhere it occured. The Naue II sword was important, iron was important. Both together created a completely new way of fighting it out. Between 1600-600 there were technological advancements in weapon technology in a row, like Sögel swords, chariots, Naue II swords and iron weapons. Just look at the sword types found. And almost every big change lead to new constellations, shifts and replacements.
One of the most important, and longest-lasting, types of prehistoric European swords was the Naue II type, named for Julius Naue who first described them and also known as Griffzungenschwert or "grip-tongue sword". It first appears in c. the 13th century BC in Northern Italy (or a general Urnfield background), and survived well into the Iron Age, with a life-span of about seven centuries, until the 6th century BC. During its lifetime the basic design was maintained, although the material changed from bronze to iron. Naue II swords were exported from Europe to the Aegean, and as far afield as Ugarit, beginning about 1200 BC, i.e. just a few decades before the final collapse of the palace cultures in the Bronze Age collapse
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronze_Age_sword#Naue_II
Imagine a large army of Northern warriors with Naue II iron swords coming into contact with people which were not used to this, or even if they knew it, because they bought such items before and used some of these people as mercenaries, how could they deal with it? The lesson which will be taught, probably in some years from now: They couldn't, they just crumbled in the face of it. What came out of this was in Greece for example the hoplite warrior:
Dark age warfare transitioned into hoplite warfare in the 8th century BC. Historians and researchers have debated the reason and speed of the transition for centuries. So far 3 popular theories exist:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplite
The reason is clear: A well ordered wall of spears and shields is probably the best (defensive) tactic against sword swinging people, which were probably even one head taller. The even better or as good method is the Roman shield wall, by using shields both for protection and the attack, while cutting and thrusting the belly and legs of the sword swinger. This was the reaction, the initial problem was the sword swinging tribal warrior, for which there was no good counter before.
Instructive is also how the Egyptians defeated the Sea people:
After defeating the Sea Peoples on land in Syria, Ramesses rushed back to Egypt where preparations for the invaders' assault had already been completed. Ramesses enticed the Sea Peoples and their ships into the mouth of the Nile, where he had assembled a fleet in ambush. Ramesses also lined the shores of the Nile Delta with ranks of archers who were ready to release volleys of arrows into the enemy ships if they attempted to land. Once within range, Ramesses ordered the archers fire at the enemy ships, pushing them back towards the fleet of Ramesses now coming in to cut off the Sea Peoples' escape route. This Egyptian fleet pushed the Sea Peoples' boats towards shore. Then archers and infantrymen both on land and on the ships devastated the enemy. The Sea People's ships were overturned, many were killed and captured and some even dragged to the shore where they were killed. In the inscriptions, Ramesses proclaims:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Delta
They were lured into a trap and overwhelmed by massive volleys of arrows. Actually quite similar to Tollense, but probably that's just a coincidence...
The Battle of the Delta is also interesting because the Egyptians emphasized one warrior, one style for the invaders - sword fighters with big shields:
https://cdn.historycollection.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BattleoftheDelta.jpg
https://historycollection.com/incredible-ancient-naval-battles/2/
The Egyptians themselves were primarily equipped with spears. So they noticed the emphasis on sword fighters, even if the ratio might have been much lower in reality.
In any case, in this framework happened the spread of E-V13, and they were at the centre of it, because it seems they can be best associated, as clans and individuals, with the spread of early iron technology, which was the ball which brought the whole East of Europe to roll, and those for which there was not space left in Europe jumped over to Anatolia, the Levante and tried even for Egypt. Its all interconnected, one big sequence of events, which just end, for some time, with the Iron Age stabilisation, until Celts and Scythians started the next round, Germanics and Romans the next...
New archaeology wanted to concentrate on processes and economy, but in this case the most important economical aspect was that the Urnfield related groups could afford to produce massive amounts of well-made swords, with which they seem to have cut a lot of throats. And its not by chance Egypt, even if weakened and in crisis, survived, but the other states did not. That's because it could resist, simple as that.
I already made a post before: https://anthrogenica.com/showthread.php?21898-Why-is-E-V13-so-confusing&p=718522&viewfull=1#post718522
Wherever Urnfield people are present decorations with avian motive is present, so birds were quite a symbol within the Eastern Urnfield horizont. The ships of Medinet Habu are very specific in that they are typical Mycenean Aegean ships but adjusted, they have a very specific avian/bird-like shape in front. So probably the Urnfield newcomers took the Mycenean way of building ships and added their own styling on top of that.
I think the Sea People were even more kind of a mixed bunch, which means they incorporated different ethnic and tribal elements in some sort of "campaign alliances". That's why they largely disappeared soon afterwards, those which survived settled down or retreated with their people or in smaller scale.
Probably many tribes/kingdoms from West Anatolian Arzawa like Lycians were part of the coalition.
In any case, in this framework happened the spread of E-V13, and they were at the centre of it, because it seems they can be best associated, as clans and individuals, with the spread of early iron technology, which was the ball which brought the whole East of Europe to roll, and those for which there was not space left in Europe jumped over to Anatolia, the Levante and tried even for Egypt.
Quoting this sentence only but I have the whole post in mind. Again the thesis is very nicely written but I suppose you will understand when I say that supporting it would be a bit too much. :)
On the other hand, I'm keeping appreciation for your general hypothesis about expansion of E-V13.
When and how did iron get to Pannonia/Carpathians? Did it came from Anatolia or generally the south and if so in what fashion?
Some of the earliest written records of iron products exist from Hittite texts and some even speculated they tried to keep a monopoly on it, but it didn't work out on the long run obviously. A lot of the details of its spread and early importance are heavily disputed, from the article about Teleac, which I strongly recommend for a read:
The introduction of iron technology has still not been sufficiently elucidated; yet, without doubt Anatolia was an early centre. Iron is fi rst mentioned only sporadically in Hittite texts of the 18th century BC, whereas in texts of the 14th and 13th centuries BC weapons made of iron are named ever more frequently.17 Th e oldest object made of iron found in Europe – a knife or sickle – comes from Ganovce, district of Poprad, Slovakia, in a fortifi ed settlement of the Otomani culture.18 Nevertheless, this episode seems to have remained sporadic as such. It is the 11th century BC that fi rst marks the transition from bronze to iron technology, with bronze swords replaced by those made of iron, in Southern Europe and especially in Greece. Th e introduction of iron technology in various regions of western Asia and Europe cannot be assessed in detail yet.
For Eastern and South Eastern Europe, the Gava culture was particularly important:
Th ere proved to be diff erences in the production of the broad commodity of pottery: Th e technically de-manding, black-polished pottery of the Gáva cul-ture decorated with garland patterns or channels displays an unmistakable metallic aspect
This is very important for the whole debate:
Outside of Greece, in Southeast Europe, the east Carpathian Basin was without doubt a centre of early iron technology. Th ere a signifi cant increase in iron fi nds can be noted in the 10th century BC.
Their appearance even earlier in Transylvania, in the 12th century BC, is a subject of controversy. Whereas N. Boroffk a dates the earliest iron fi nds to the 12th century BC, C. Pare considers early evi-dence for the use of iron there as insecure; he pos-tulates instead that the picture changed substan-tially only aft er the middle of the 10th century BC with iron fi nds from Cernat (jud. Covasna), Hida (jud. Sălaj) and Cîţcău (jud. Cluj)
Later excava-tions brought forth even more iron objects, which now can be clearly dated to the 10th century BC. In light of recent investigations, the dating of fi nds from older excavations should be reviewed. Proof of far-reaching connections point to the Caucasus as well. For example, a 40-cm long Caucasiandagger with an iron blade and bronze grip was dis-covered in Pănade, a site located north of Teleac. And it can be dated to the 10th/9th century BC, too.8
The connections to Greece since the 11th/10thcentury BC are ultimately confi rmed by the spec-trum of iron forms, in particular, the typifying double axes, the trunnion axes and the swords.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339435554_The_Hillfort_of_Teleac_and_Early_Iron_in _Southern_Europe
The Caucasian connection is particularly interesting from the perspective of a proposed Thraco-Cimmerian horizon and rather early connections to the steppe and Caucasus.
A great problem is the lack of sufficient absolute chronology and the fact that early iron weapons seem to have been reforged over and over again, since iron was just to precious to be wasted. Both concerning the early spread of iron technology, the sites in the Carpathian, Balkan and Aegean region need further investigation and of course for the whole time frame the ancient DNA sampling is so far absolutely insufficient to get any clear picture of what really happened and who moved where.
rafc
Many interesting contributions here. I think LBA is a bit late for V13 expansion. V13 clearly had two big expansions, a first one with CTS5856 and it's subranches, especially under BY3880. The second one happened about 1000 years later with a few branches that still dominate V13 today: CTS9320 (TMRCA 3000BP according to Yfull), L241 (2800bp) and FGC11457 (3200bp). I think the expansion of those three is certainly connected to events in the LBA/EIA. But I also think the first expansion is so big, and the lines are so widespread on the Balkans that it must already have been happening there.
Looking at parallels with L283 and the fact that there are quite some basal V13 clades with a pure Western-European distribution I think the case for early Indo-Europenization is quite strong now. I would not be surprised if the earliest V13 groups had lived somewhere near the Danube and some of them were dragged along to Western Europe, while others went south, probably near the end of the 3d millenium BC when lot's of things were moving.
I did think this was the more likely explanation too, but its the recent results from Western Europe, Pannonia and the Balkans which changed my mind. If they would have expanded earlier in signficant numbers, they would have been highly likely to appear in greater numbers in EBA-MBA Western Europe, Central Europe-Pannonia and the the Balkans in particular, but they did not. I have a big problem with this in general:
But I also think the first expansion is so big, and the lines are so widespread on the Balkans that it must already have been happening there.
After all the ancient DNA revelations, this is no longer a valid argument any more - I mean its a valid argument, but its no proof for anything. Because just assuming that E-V13 grew big in the North Carpathian region, was big probably in larger portions of the early Eastern and Southern Urnfield horizon, what would this mean in the described context, if the biggest chunk of these people moved, as a whole, as whole tribes and people, like in the migration period, down through the mountains and into Pannonia and the Balkan region? It would just mean they took most of the diversity with them. Their former homeland underwent multiple later changes and shifts, all of big magnitude, so that its a wonder if anything signficant, especially paternally, survived there from the LBA at all.
Look at the EBA-MBA variation in Pannonia and how little importance it has for the current population:
I mean I can't know, probably it was an earlier expansion into the Balkans. But I think its also possible that there was a major shift, a "transplantation" of people from the North to the South possible. Actually, from the records we have, it seems like it just happened, whether it was E-V13 or not. V13 is just, currently, one of the best associated candidates. The Urnfield-related expansions into Pannonia and South Eastern Europe were really big, nothing to underestimate at all. So if having a situation of "we search and don't find" before, but it "surely was present later" - well, the most parsimonious position might be to assume it was introduced with the shift. But this might be wrong of course, yet the more ancient samples come back with a lack of significant V13 numbers from the region, the more likely it becomes. Because the time window for its spread without the LBA-Urnfield expansions gets narrower and narrower.
Actually I think even the recent Slavic samples might play in favour of this scenario, because they too would make it more likely that even the Eastern-Central European Lusatian people were just different from later Slavs and largely replaced later. This leaves a lot of opportunities to put them into a different context, related to their Urnfield relatives to the West, South and South East, especially Illyrians and Thracians. Probably the very old prehistorical maps were not that wrong after all with their large scale distribution of Illyrian and Thracian related people in the Early Iron Age.
I would not be surprised if the earliest V13 groups had lived somewhere near the Danube and some of them were dragged along to Western Europe, while others went south, probably near the end of the 3d millenium BC when lot's of things were moving.
An early IE, at least partial one, is extremely likely by now, actually anything else doesn't make any sense at all. Yet its interesting that the ritual cremation burial has a long tradition in the Carpathian region, going even back to the TCC. The more I think about it, the more I think that the role of a partial IEised people with a good expertise in metal working and their own cultural trademarks played an important role first for Unetice, but secondly, and much more so, for Urnfield and that among those people was E-V13 in fairly high numbers.
The time window for an early expansion in signfiicant numbers is closing though, its just that its supposed to have happened already by the MBA imho. I see no comeback from the Balkans with a later timing. Its unfortunate that not all the samples from the links thread report being released by now. It would also have been very interesting to see where the probably single V13 individual came from. Could also give us a hint. Like if it came from close to Slovakia, this would nail it already, whereas a more Balkan shifted one would leave everything more open or shifting things to a more likely Balkan origin even, especiailly if it would be a high quality sample with a NGS level assignment.
I've seen that slide, and it's quite remarkable. But in Western/Northern Europe EBA/MBA adna matches well with groups known from later periods, and even current distributions. So maybe Pannonia just got overrun more during history and has less genetic continuity? Don't forget no old languages survived there, but two did more to the south (Albanian and Greek). Although language =/= genes, it does seem reasonable that survival of those languages suggests some genetic continuity.
Do you have some studies/books that reference the southern spread of Urnfield, especially to the southern Balkans?
Btw, I recently read an article that might be interesting for you since it touches on movements at the end of the LBA in the Balkans. It's titled "Migration events in Greece at the end of the second millenium BC and their possible Balkanic background". The author argues that the "Dorian" dialects came south at the end of the LBA from the (current) regions of Epirus, (Greek) Macedonia and Southern Albania. He sees a domino effect where these people were pushed on by people who previously lived in current North Macedonia (Ulanci group). These had been pushed on by people who originally lived in Southern Serbia & Kosovo (Brnjica group). Finally the Brnjica group had been replaced by the Belegis II group from the Serbian Danube basin whose reason for moving is not so clear. I'm no specialist, but his evidence sounded quite convincing.
Pannonia is part of the steppe habitat and prone to be exchanged between different people. Yet the problem I see is that the time window for an expansion from the South ended largley with the MBA, because the next big impact was already the Urnfield expansion, which went all down to Serbia, to Bulgaria, reached even Greeks. And what we see with this result is, V13 was not there before, we have this huge Northern impact and suddenly, in the Iron Age, the whole region from Slovakia over Pannnonia, the Carpathians down to the Balkans and even Aegean sea is packed with V13. There is no South -> North expansion of this magnitude which can explain it, and its Illyrians and Thracians which came with these layers from the North into the region. So the most likely explanation is just that V13 came to the Balkan with Thracians and with Illyrians, from Central Europe, from the North Carpathian, not vice versa.
I completely agree with the genetic continuity: The only people which survived with a high degree of genetic continuity from the Iron Age might be Albanians and Greeks, and both have relatively high V13, as do Vlachs and related people with their fair share of these Thraco-Illyrian horizon. But that's exactly what I'm saying: It was Urnfield related groups which brought these ethnicities and influenced Greeks in the first place. One of the major lines of evidence for this is that both Illyrians and Thracians seem to have been heavy with V13, not just in the South, but also in Pannonia and the Carpathians. It now appears as if the bulk always lived South, because that are the strongholds which remained, after Romans, Iranians, Germanics, Slavs, Magyars and Bulgars took their share of the pool in many of those places. We already have the Serbian samples, Pannonians are there and more will follow. It was not just the Southern tip which got more V13 then than it has now, it was the whole macro-region, down from the - by me - supposed centre around the North Carpathians-Slovakia.
I did link some already, its in this thread. There was not just one, but a succession of waves coming in, with Teleac being an important part of the bigger story, like a hub for some time which came itself under pressure. This was posted by Hawk some days ago, its a good summary of some of the most important aspects:
The Gava culture is instrumental for the spread of V13:
https://www.historyfiles.co.uk/images/Europe/Europe/Map_EasternEurope1200BC_max.jpg
Its important to note that it was not the last wave coming in, and it was submerged by new ones from more Western Urnfield groups to some degree, especially in the sphere which became Illyrian later. But its a nice link between the Thracian and Illyrian sphere, with Illyrians getting more, additional, more Western influences. But this expansion might be directly and best related with E-V13. Considering its position and early role as avantgarde for metal works and smithery, it wasn't able to keep up on the long run and was thinned out to the West. This is ideal for the patchy and thinned out distribution to the West, which I assume is associated with single individuals and small groups spreading new ways and customs, especially metal work technology, to the West and North, while the tribal, united groups went South. Teleac and a whole chain of fortresses were conquered and in part destroyed later, I'd assume by the next push from the North, probably already from a different, but related people.
That's exactly what I was talking about, it was one big domino effect, once the new ways and technologies spread, the old order and stability was questioned, every incidence could have triggered it. And it caused a migration period which was minimum as important and far reaching as the one in Late Antiquity. The only problem is, we don't have written records for the centre of it, nothing at all. But if you search for a reason why a haplogroup which was once confined to a fairly limited region around the North Carpathians spread rapidly in all directions, with one huge push South, that's where you have to look at.
Phase I, also named Belegiš – Cruceni, because of parallels in Rumanian Banat, is dated to the later part of the Middle Bronze Age and the beginning of the Late Bronze Age, and Phase II, named Belegiš – Gava, after the channelled Gava pottery spread over a large ter-ritory, is dated to the advanced Late Bronze Age.2
At the end of the Early Bronze Age and for the greater part of the Middle Bronze Age the Vatin culture was a domi-nant cultural phenomenon in the Central Balkans. Towards the end of the Middle Bronze Age various groups emerged in this area, partly bound to the Vatin tradition, but contain-ing new elements, too: The Belegiš group in South Vojvodi-na and North Serbia, the Paraćin group in the middle Middle Morava valley and the Brnjica group in the South. All these groups practised cremation as the main burial ritual. The end of the Bronze Age marks the end of the development of these cultures, the appearance of the Kalakača horizon and the prevalence of inhumation. In some parts of this area, however, cremation remained in use.
Its important to note that with Belegiš and Basarabi but even more so with the succeeding cultures and cultural provinces appearing after the Urnfield intrusion, we deal with branches already and it might even be possible to assign them to specific haplotypes, in this case to specific clades of E-V13. My position is clear: Before the Urnfield it is unlikely to find large numbers of E-V13 in the Balkans, then we have cremation and if we test the remains of buried bodies from the time afterwards, suddenly you will see a drastic raise in the frequency of E-V13. These cultural provinces also begin to develop directly into the Iron Age, historically known regional ethnicities. Before Urnfield we now know E-V13 wasn't there, afterwards we know it was there, in the Iron Age, and in between the main direction of large scale movements was North -> South, with Urnfield related groups.
From the paper:
The Gava horizon, with channeled pottery, dated to a developed Late Bronze Age, was not documented in graves of the Brnjica group, but it certainly Cremation burials in the Morava valley between 1300 and 750 BC 179existed, as channeled pottery and typical bronzes from the Late Bronze Age, socketed axes, tweezers, pins etc., from the Hisar settlement testify
To sum up, when speaking of burial rituals in the period from 1350 to 750 BC in our region, one can say that, after a period of mixed burial practice in the Middle Bronze Age, cremation prevails from the Middle Bronze Age to the be-ginning of the Iron Age. In the beginning of the Early Iron Age inhumation began to dominate, but in some areas cre-mation also continued to be practiced through this period.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv8d5tfn.14?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents
Gava has its origins in the North Carpathian.
The causes of that movement of populations of Cruceni-Belegiš type were, probably, of economic order (the contacts with the Mycennean world) and they were maybe the result of a pressure coming from the Pannonian Plain (the so-called „elements of Csórva-Bobda I type”).
Compare also with the chronology of the Gava culture, again with Teleac in the focus:
https://www.academia.edu/3076569/The_Chronology_of_the_Gava_Culture_in_Transylvania
The time at the end of 2nd and the beginning of the 1st millennium BC, i.e. Bronze to Iron Age transition, is determined by strong economic, social, cultural and by all appearances also by paleoethnic changes. It had not been characterized only by introduction of new metal, iron, for production of weapons, tools and jewelry but also by using new techniques and occurrence of new stylistic traits in the material culture. Almost synchronously, in the beginning of the 1st millennium, there appeared strong influences onautochthonous Bronze Age cultures in the Serbian Danube valley that arrived from two directions. On the one hand these are influences coming fromthe area of the final phase of the Gava culture, from the south Carpathian zone (Gava-Holihrady or the final phase of Gava culture, Gava-Medias asit was identified by M. Guma) and on the other hand these are influencesfrom the central Europe, western regions of the Pannonian plain, that via some variants of Early Urnfield culture reached Baranja, north Bačka and western Srem. The eastern influences are associated with occurrence ofblack burnished channeled pottery, which covered, in the period of Bronze-Iron Age transition, rather large area from the middle Tisa basin over large areas of the Carpathian basin (Laszlo 1994, Smirnova 1990) and across the Carpathians reached Moldavia and even further to the Prut river. Thispottery is known in archaeological literature under many different names:Graniceşti or Corlateni-Chisinaŭ and so on. Of particular interest for the ethnic identification of its bearers is the opinion expressed by G. Smirnovain the end of the 20th century. She thinks that early Gava culture (Mahala III) is of Thracian origin.
All these investigations confirmed with slightamendments the classification already published in Praistorija Vojvodine. Something that could be of significance for the origin of this complex isthe confirmed connection between the end of Bronze and the beginningof Early Iron Age. At Kalakača, settlement dating from the earliest phase of the Bosut culture there was encountered in some pits the black burnished pottery with stylistic traits of the Gava culture (Medović 1988). There is also confirmation of contacts of these two cultures – Belegiš-Gava and early Bosut culture - in the vertical stratigraphy of Gomolava. Furthermore, typological analysis of the pottery from the collective tomb especially one discovered in 1954 suggests gradual transformation into the new culture.
Moreover, pottery from the most of sites in Serbia to the south of the Danube is related to the intrusion of the pottery of Bosut I (Kalakača, Gornea) type. Certain amount of specimens of ‘Basarabi style’ was recorded in Zlotska pećina, at Lanište and Panjevački Rit near Jagodina and at some other sites (Stojić 1996, 119 sq.) In spite of that, it seems that it was just a short-lasting intrusion, influence comingfrom the central areas of the Bosut-Basarabi complex. In the same way could be explained the appearance of pottery with ‘S’ ornament and other ‘Basarabi motifs’ at the sites in Austria, part of Slovenia and western regions of Hungary
It is often quoted in literature that bearers of the Basarabi style inSerbian Danube basin and especially in the Morava valley were the tribes of Triballian stock. It is difficult to draw such conclusions for the Basarabistyle even more so as Bosut-Basarabi pottery only brushes the area where the Triballi lived in the middle of the 1st millennium BC according to the historical data (Papazoglu 1969, 11 sq.) It is more appropriate to attribute to the Triballi the pottery occurring in the Morava valley synchronously with the Basarabi culture and characterized by ‘tremolo’ ornament.
http://www.balkaninstitut.com/pdf/izdanja/balcanica/balcanica%2035/01%20Tasic.pdf
All this goes in one direction: From the Urnfield horizon Illyrians and Thracians split, and one of the best candidates for its spread is the Gava horizon. It just fits. There is nothing which would explain Illyrians and Thracians plus E-V13 with a South -> Northern expansion, nothing. But a whole lot of impulses which brought new people from the North to the region, to best explain a shift in patrilineages, culture and language. These groups were newcomers like the Celts with La Tene or the Germanics or the Sarmatians. They came down to Pannonia and Southern Romania and made contact with the Greek world.
So yes, of the Iron Age Balkan people Albanians and Greeks might show the greatest degree of continuity, but its a continuity dating from the beginning Iron Age, not the Neolithic or even Middle Bronze Age. This was the big time of the E-V13 spread:
I Phase characterized by at one hand merging of the final phase of Belegiš (Belegiš-Bobda) pottery with finds of the earliest phase of the EarlyIron Age in this area as it confirms the stratigraphy of Gradina on the Bosutand finds from Kalakača, Feudvar and other sites. It was, so to say, a dramatic transition from one chronological period to the other, from Bronze to the Iron Age that left as evidence exceptionally large number of bronze hoardswithin the entire area of Srem, Banat, in Serbia south of the Danube (e.g. vicinity of Požarevac) and of course in the most parts of Pannonian plain, in Transylvania and Romanian Banat. From the chronological point of view this turbulent times are dated in the end of the 2nd and the beginning of the 1st millennium BC.
And this is exactly when most of the upper stream E-V13 clades split from each other, when they radiated out in all directions. By now only the exact source group and course of events remains to be elucidated. There remains a slim chance that in these complexes, some Southern group with an advantage by Aegean technology, could take part and spread V13. I don't think it was case, but it remains a possibility, as unlikely as it seems. But the most likely explanation is that E-V13 was a big player in the Urnfield culture, especially its South Eastern flank and the Gava horizon.
Looking back at my post about the Bronze Age Collapse: I repeat yes, it was all interconnected, because obviously, if such masses of people were on the move, one group pushed the other. Territories were conquered, taken and colonised the size of modern states. This was huge. Yes it was not all brutal slaughter, some fused and combined, but still, looking at the sheer magnitude, this must have exerted huge pressures on the Southern Balkan groups and even down into Italy and of course beyond the Mediterranean.
Riverman,
while I find your hypothesis about the connection between Urnfield-related expansions and certain E-V13 clades very reasonable, you should really check your facts before using the expressions like "Thraco-Illyrian". Thracians and Illyrians were two clearly distinct groups of peoples, with different ethnocultural and ethnogenetic processes leading to their formation. While Urnfield undoubtedly had significant impact on Thracians (probably through Gava culture), it didn't have nearly as important impact on Illyrians. By the way, (Proto-)Illyrian ethnogenesis started in the East Adriatic coast long before Urnfield, but I don't have the time right now to write about that in detail. Here's what Serbian archaeologist Dragoslav Srejović said about the differences between Paleo-Balkan peoples in his book "Illyrians and Thracians", and why "Thraco-Illyrian horizon" you're constantly mentioning doesn't make any sense:
It is immediately noticeable that in relatively large areas, the way of burying the dead was unique, that is, that three large ethnocultural areas can be clearly distinguished in the Balkan Peninsula, namely:
- an area whose population predominantly practised inhumation
- an area whose population predominantly practised cremation
- an area where the dead are inhumed and cremated in approximately the same frequency
The area with inhumation graves is limited in the east by the Drim, Lim and Drina rivers, in the north by Posavina (area around Sava river), in the west by Kupa river, and in the southwest and south by the Adriatic Sea. East of this area is a zone with cremation graves, this zone clearly separates the western area, with the inhumation graves, from the eastern area, where inhumation and cremation of the dead were practiced with equal frequency. The uniformity of funeral rituals in the vast territories shows that from the middle of 8th century BC we must take in consideration three different ethnocultural areas in the Balkan Peninsula.
In the inhabitants of the area where both funeral rituals are practiced we can easily recognize the Thracians, because not only that Thracian nature of this territory has never been disputed, but Herodotus also testifies that the Thracian tribes inhumed and burned their dead in equal frequency.
On the other hand, the territory with inhumation graves is undoubtedly Illyrian; it was inhabited by tribes that ancient writers readily include among the Illyrians, and it was also the territory where Illyrian state was later formed.
Spacious zone with cremation graves shows, however, that a distinct ethnocultural entity must have existed in the central areas of the Balkan Peninsula, which was more closely related to the peoples inhabiting the areas north of the Danube and some areas to the south (in modern Greece) than to the nearby Illyrian and Thracian tribes. Ethnocultural peculiarity of this population can be seen in archeological findings, as well as in linguistic data. The cultural unity of this vast area was ancient, but it became especially evident starting from the 8th century BC. It is certainly no coincidence that it was a territory whose inhabitants have been mentioned in ancient sources as distinctive peoples, like Dardani, Triballi, Moesi and Dacians, usually clearly separated from the Illyrians and Thracians. On the other hand, the linguistic material from this area enabled V. Georgijev to establish the existence of a special "Daco-Moesian" language family, that is, to include the Triballi and Dardani in the "Daco-Moesians". This special ethnocultural entity mostly hasn't been taken into account in the reconstructions of complex events in the Balkan Peninsula during the Iron Age, and that is why Illyrians and Thracians were often given an excessively large role in the literature.
About Dardani:
Tries to resolve problems about the origin, ethnicity and the territory of the Dardani were based mainly on linguistic and historical data in the past. Most researchers considered them to be Illyrians, but archaeological documentation doesn't support such conclusion. The available archaeological material from the territory that belonged to the Dardani in the historical period has unique features, completely different from those that characterize Illyrian culture. According to the burial tradition (cremation), the design of graves (tholoid stone constructions) and accessories (ceramics, jewelry, tools), pre-Roman necropolises from the Dardanian territory are closely related to the simultaneous necropolises that are discovered in the area north of the confluence of South and West Morava rivers, in the middle Danube area and Oltenia, i.e. in the territories of Triballi, Moesi and Dacians, respectively.
.................................................. .................................................. ...........................
From the archaeological point of view, it is obvious that Dardani are ethnically far more closely related to the Triballi, Moesi and Dacians, than to the Illyrians and Thracians. According to the linguistic criteria they belong to a distinct family of peoples, the "Daco-Moesians", which occupied the central areas of the Balkan Peninsula and are clearly separated from the Illyrians in the west and Thracians in the east.
So do you think the Greek and Albanian languages were brought by the urnfield expansion? Linguistically I find this a bit odd. I though Urnfield was more associated with the spread of Italo-Celtic languages.
Although the lack of V13 adna has been frustrating, there hasn't been that much testing either in its current heartland. It might turn out to be a case like L151. For years people did not believe it could come from Corded ware since all Corded Ware was R1a. And then suddenly L151 was found in Corded Wared. Maybe a new round of Bronze age adna from the right places will show V13.
As for LBA/EIA, do you have suggestions on which subgroups of V13 might be connected to which groups?
Thanks for the links you provided, I will read them in detail and come back on them.
Italo-Celtic was associated with the Western hemisphere of Urnfield, Etruscan was in the middle (during LBA and EIA Etruscans were more powerful than Italics and Celtics) and probably yet unidentified Eastern Urnfielders on the east (according to Riverman, this eastern part was the core and most important during LBA).
My personal assumption is that these invaders didn't left a linguistic legacy, they were a third layer on top of Proto-Illyrians/Proto-Greeks/Proto-Thracians, they had better metallurgy, armor and weapons, but were less in numbers and didn't have more advanced civilization as those Balkan IE groups, so they just merged with them.
Between BC 15th–12th century, the Dacian-Getae culture was influenced by the Bronze Age Tumulus-Urnfield warriors who were on their way through the Balkans to Anatolia.
Harry Mountain already noted that Dacian-Getae culture was already formed when Urnfield warriors affected them.
There was a time when the term Illyrian was intercheangebly used with Lusatian Culture, though no one was quite sure, it's probably members of Lusatian Culture invaded the Proto-Illyrians and latter on sub-merged with them to become the classical Illyrians.
I have the main issue with two aspects of your quotation, the first is space:
The area with inhumation graves is limited in the east by the Drim, Lim and Drina rivers, in the north by Posavina (area around Sava river), in the west by Kupa river, and in the southwest and south by the Adriatic Sea.
This is clearly defined province, yet what do you make out of it? Especially the borderline to the North is interesting, as it would cut off the Illyrians by this narrow definition completely from the Pannonian sphere and related groups in the Eastern Hallstatt culture. This is the narrow definition of Illyrian.
The second is time:
The uniformity of funeral rituals in the vast territories shows that from the middle of 8th century BC we must take in consideration three different ethnocultural areas in the Balkan Peninsula.
If you read the quotes from me above, you will see that I mentioned the inhumation horizon appearing too and quoting from papers about it. The issue is however that this was postdating the Urnfield expansion, I never questioned that they were actually different people, I just wanted to imply a common ground for both people. You said:
By the way, (Proto-)Illyrian ethnogenesis started in the East Adriatic coast long before Urnfield
Of course it did, because Urnfield broke newly into the Eastern zone, where it formed Thracian, but related Central European groups, like among others people of the Tumulus culture, moved South even before. Yet these two were affected by Urnfield, received influx and changed to cremation in many places and for some time. Is that what you mean?
However, looking at the very narrow definition of Illyrian proposed, I assume you put the Pannonians into a different category as well? Rightfully so, but fundamentally different, not having received related ancestry and cultural inputs? Probably not.
I don't claim Thraco-Illyrian is a ethnic homogeneous reality in the Iron Age, I'm just saying both came from the relative North, from Central Europe, were a related people or at least related branches from the same tree and shared some common layers of LBA-EIA influences. If you like, since it doesn't matter for that debate, Illyrians received influences from the Thracian (widest sense) horizon, which might have spread E-V13 among them (too) and even reached the West. I'm actually more agnostic about the zone described in your quotation, concerning the spread of E-V13, than in the Thracian and Pannonian region, which must have been heavily affected. There is enough space in the course of events for exactly the zone described to be out of it, even though that's not my position, but there is zero space for the Thracian and Pannonian sphere being out. This is not possible. So the areas with a stronger (to put it that way) Urnfield related influence, especially Gava, seem to be more affected and more V13 heavy than those which were less affected. The primary relation is therefore with the Thracian side (widest sense, so at least including the Daco-Moesian group), Illyrian second, Dorian third and everything else as part of the Iron Age radiation, especially Celtic.
Sorry Riverman your mailbox is full
Not Greek of course, that would be insane. Greek was there long before, coming from a much earlier expansion from the steppe. The assumption is rather twofold:
- Dorians received a lot of Northern influences, resulting in a higher frequency in some of its groups
- Thracians intermixed on a large scale with Greeks
Both taken together could explain a rise of V13 in Greeks and the fact that they were not to the same degree replaced like the people in the now Slavic and Romanian zone explains the higher frequency. The assumption by me is, however, that directly North to them the frequencies were even much higher, especially in the Thracian core zone which got the least influenced by other people - Dacians I expect to have received for example more later steppe influences - Thracians being primarily a mixture of old Balkanic (pre-steppe), earlier steppe groups (like Cernavoda remains among many others) and newly arriving Urnfield-related groups (like with Gava), with the later bringing in the largest proportion of E-V13.
Although the lack of V13 adna has been frustrating, there hasn't been that much testing either in its current heartland.
Fine, but the problem is the distribution to the North: It isn't there, so if assuming it was sitting in the South, you need a huge movement of people, an expansion of cultures which brought it to relative North. But there is nothing to explain it! So if the Pannonian study is robust, which people did move and replace the Pannonian and Carpathain sphere? From the MBA the vast majority of movements were going in the opposite direction. So its actually easy to explain how a lineage came down to the South, but its far more difficult to explain the opposite for the time frame. That they didn't found it even in the proposed original source and centre region is just devastating. If it moved South -> North, for which there is no evidence at all, it should have been big, really big in the South. Not like, "oh, it might hide in some small group behind the next mountain". No, it would have to be so big, that you practically don't find anything else there!
So even if they find it now, in a low frequency, in some isolated group, it would prove nothing, unless its a very important and today extremely widespread clade, because even that wouldn't be enough. You need to explain the wide distribution in the Iron Age and that's easy if you assume they spread with Urnfield, its nearly impossible otherwise.
It might turn out to be a case like L151. For years people did not believe it could come from Corded ware since all Corded Ware was R1a. And then suddenly L151 was found in Corded Wared. Maybe a new round of Bronze age adna from the right places will show V13.
I totally agree with the example, but not the conclusion. It is indeed the same as with L151, with many people believing, to the bitter end, that "it must have been in the West before the steppe expansion". Actually, Corded Ware is still not completely safe in the classic definition, its not like it spread in all branches and the like. What's safe however is to say it spread with steppe people. That is beyond any doubt by this point, but it wasn't, just some years ago! And the same here: People don't want to believe such huge expansions took place. For that matter, its not that important if you find R1b, I1 or E-V13 here and there before, really important is with which culture and people it spread. Because some clades of I2 were wider spread in the past, they are old, they are widespread, but they never had 2nd large expansion, they just survived on a low level. That's not the case for R1b-L151, for I1 or for E-V13. All three have in common that they barely survived, but came to prominence in a fairly small group which rexpanded rapidly. And all three did so in a specific time window, with specific advantages, a technological-cultural shift and in an ethnic constellation.
What's the supposed alternative for E-V13? Just infiltrating the rest of the Balkan, creeping up the Carpathians and into Pannonia under the radar? That's not likely, not for that time, not in this context. You need a big movement of people and a shift taking place, to explain its spread. And as it seems by now, it was the LBA-EIA transition within the Urnfield horizon, with a clear centre in the North Carpathians and sites like Teleac being extremely important.
Well, I read some suggestions, but I'm no expert on it. There are some clear groups, you know them too, like with Germanic-Slavic, or with Illyrian-Thracian, but on the whole the picture of many clades is very complicated. And the reason for this is, that I think especially the Northern group was split at the transition, lost its ethnic cohesion, and was spread and thinned out to some degree. They seem to have really radiated out, like in some sort of special role, like priests, warriors, traders and smiths in particular, which spread the new ways, which played a role in the societies they entered. Because I always wondered about the inconsistencies, like fairly small clades, not that numerous, being really spread out over 5 major ethnolinguistic groups, which are usually much more homogeneous than that. And the most likely reason is the special role of the core zone in the EIA transition, in this case really "infiltrating" on a small scale, probably even just indviduals and core families, which brought something to their hosts which was "in demand".
That's really different from what we see in Pannonia, Carpathians and the Balkans, where there seems to have been a truly mass movement, tribal people on the march. And I think this is directly related to the formation and spread of Hallstatt, even with the formaton of Proto-Celtic, which was local people receiving new inputs in the West. That's why it is so difficult to pinpoint a lot of the, especially Northern, clades. They are not strictly tribal, they spread over huge distances and cultural borderlines, because they were part (not exclusive) of a East -> West spread of new ways in the EIA.
Basically I can agree with that for Greeks and think its possible to likely for Illyrians, yes, but not Thracians. On which arguments is Henry Mountains view based and where does he see the origins of the Thracian group (wider sense, Dacians included) as a whole?
I don't know on what argument Henry Mountains bases his statement, but it looks it's generally agreed upon that Thracians were already formed by 1500 B.C from different cultural groups than Urnfielders who were a layer on top of already existing (Indo-European steppe people and native Balkan farmers). That's from archeological point of view.
Also, there is a weird thing going on with Kapitan Andreevo, there is no clear indication that culture was exclusively Thracian, informations are too vague. All we got is some distant North-Western Balkans/Pannonian connections, and similarities with Early Iron Age North Greece cultures. Nothing more than that.
Because Greece and the Greeks were debated before, here we have the concrete evidence for foreign influences from ceramics, related to the Belegis/Gava expansions:
A characteristic group of the Late Helladic III C period is the so-called "Barbarian" ware. This group includes inartistic hand-made vases with simple shapes which are not related to the known shapes of the preceding and their contemporary Mycenaean production. Their clay has been left unpainted with its natural brown-red colour. Sometimes these vases were decorated with incised or plastic rope patterns. These are simple articles of domestic use and their diffusion has been indicated in many regions of mainland Greece, in Crete and the Ionian islands, while it seems that they had an earlier tradition in Epirus.
It is claimed that this type of pottery is a product of the foreign population which entered the mainland after the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces. However, later evidence proved that this ceramic type was in use already from the Late Helladic IIIA period and continued to exist during the Dark Ages. The fact that it occurs in exactly the same form also in other countries, Albania, Roumania and Italy, leads to the assumption that this pottery is related with movement of population which had started several centuries before the decline of the Mycenaean power.
http://www.fhw.gr/chronos/02/mainland/en/mg/technology/pottery/index4.html
The context of this "Barbarian ware":
From the The Oxford Handbook of the European Bronze Age, p. 890.
https://books.google.de/books?id=6ZQeAAAAQBAJ&lpg=PP1&hl=de&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false
Another input for the Thracian sphere and beyond into the East Mediterranean:
The new pottery style replaced that of the Late Bronze Age within quite a short period within the first Early Iron Age stage and kept being conservative for the entire Early Iron Age. The prototypes of the new shapes and the fluted decoration are to be found in the Urnfield cultures of the central part of Eastern Europe. The fluted decoration evolved first in the final stages of the Lower Danube Culture with Incrusted Pottery in the Ha A1 period, under influences from the Middle and Lower Danube. Slightly later it became popular over nearly all of Thrace and it is much more likely to represent a new fashion than a major migration. The reasons could be found in a general reversal of the direction of contacts in Thrace from south/southeast to north-west. It looks very probable that Thrace fell strongly under the influence of the cul-tures from the Carpathian basin, because of their potential to provide sufficient metal sources. This trend may even have strengthened during the time of the general crisis that hit the Eastern Mediterranean region. A similar trend is marked for the contacts of Troia — imports from the East Mediterranean that are numerous in the Troia VI layers cease in the following layer, Troia VIIb, where they are mainly of northwestern origin.
https://www.academia.edu/7794465/Thrace_between_East_and_West_the_Early_Iron_Age_Cu ltures_in_Thrace
They try to explain this big shifts by stationary people and local cultural evolution with new trading contacts, and while I can't exclude this for every single case, the general pattern suggests otherwise and refutes the immobilists: There was a major, big migration taking place which affected the whole of the South East. In some places this was just an influence, in others a fusion, again in others a large scale replacement. Only with ancient DNA we can assess the true extent of this. If there is population continuity: I'm wrong. If there is population change and a large scale shift: I'm right. That doesn't need to be replacement, but a significant impact, probably comparable to Bell Beakers in Iberia and in similar way E-V13 plus allied patrilineages were spread in the Balkans.
The crucial point is: We have the direct evidence of a massive North -> South movement of people in this context, in the LBA-EIA time frame. We have samples from Pannonia and the Dacian-Getae sphere which suggest a strong presence of V13, and nothing comparable explaining it by an expansion going in the opposite direction. Greeks were influenced by this, but they were, as a people, present and existing before. Less sure I am about Thracians (wider sense). Dacians and Getae seem to have got additional steppe influences which were less influential for the Southern Thracians proper.
I think non Z5017/Z5018 E-V13 lineages were already present in the Balkans, and probably came with the Indo-European or some other wave of 2000 B.C, Proto-Greek and similar.
For the LBA invasion we are talking exclusively about E-V13 Z5018 and E-V13 Z5017, especially the subclade within E-V13 > Z5018 > S2979 which had a more widespread dispersal.
I'm not saying Pannonian tribes, and some other tribes from the northwestern part of the Balkans (Liburnians, Japodes) weren't Illyrian, or at least Illyrian-related, I just wanted to point out that the bulk of Illyrian tribes we know from historical sources stem from the "core" Illyrian area in the mountanious regions of the western Balkans, which was almost unaffected by the Urnfield expansions. In fact, those core regions had practically uninterrupted ethnocultural (and likely ethnogenetic) development from the earliest phases of the Middle Bronze Age all the way to the Roman conquest of Illyricum. So while I don't dispute that Pannonian tribes, Liburnians and Japodes were affected by Urnfield (it's a fact, proven by numerous archaeological findings), it is clear that the dominant ethnic element among Illyrians as a whole wasn't derived from Urnfield, and is in fact much more ancient.
Illyrian ethnogenesis started long before Urnfield, with the earliest phase (pre-proto-Illyrian) beginning in the latest phase of EBA and/or earliest phase of MBA (roughly 1900-1700 BC). This period is characterized by the appearance of new distinctive elements in the archaeological record of the East Adriatic coast, coming from the north/northwest, which resulted in the formation of new archaeological culture, called Posuška or Dinarska culture. Some of these new elements had their closest parallels in the Northern Italy (Polada culture) and Pannonian basin (Nagyrev and related cultures), as has been pointed out by Blagoje Govedarica. For example:
B. Govedarica; Early Bronze Age in the East Adriatic; p.165-166
Handles of the "anse ad ascia" type are best documented in the Apennine Peninsula and in southeastern France. Their mass appearance has been linked to the proto-Apennine culture ("Protoapenninico B"), the dating of which is not fully resolved, but is most often placed in the period corresponding to the younger phase of the Early Bronze Age in the South German chronology, that is stage Br. A2. In this sense, especially indicative is the typological development of "ansa ad ascia" in the territory of Sardinia and northern Italy, established by M. Ceccanti. In his opinion, this type of handle evolved from "ansa a gomito" of the Bell Beaker-pre-Bonnanaro type, and he distinguishes the following three phases in its development:
- The first phase (type 1) corresponds to the handles of the "gomito" shape, which are present in Sardinia, as well as in the sites of the Polada culture in Trentino area and in the wider area of northern Italy.
- The formation of the "ascia" shape (type 2) occurs in the following developmental stage. According to Ceccanti, it is a time of the developed Polada culture, i.e. the end of Early Bronze Age and transition to the Middle Bronze Age.
- The third type of "ax-like" handle ("canonico" type) with a large extension, already belongs to the Middle Bronze Age.
Presented evolution of ax-like handles is in agreement with the previous dating by M. A. F. Delpino and other Italian authors, where it is presented as a typical product of development within the Western Mediterranean cultural circle. Specimens found in the area of Posuška/Dinarska culture correspond best to Ceccanti's type 2, and within it not to the Sardinian, but to the northern Italian variant, found at the sites of Palidoro, Scoglietto and others. Individual "pseudobrassarda" findings from the territory of Posuška/Dinarska culture also have their best analogies in the late Polada culture of northern Italy.
During the first phase of the Posuška/Dinarska culture, we are seeing for the first time elements which indicate a stronger connection of the lower Adriatic area with the wider Balkan hinterland and Pannonia. In this sense, particularly indicative are flat-botom vessels, with short curved neck and four banded handles, which were found in the tumuli at sites Rupe near Skradin and Đelalije near Šibenik. Vessels of this type were very numerous within the Nagyrev culture. The closest analogies to vessels found in the area of Posuška/Dinarska culture were found in the Mokrin necropolis, where this type lasted for a very long period. Analogies found in the area of Hatvan culture should also be mentioned, where these forms are considered as a typical Nagyrev element.
It's almost uncanny how some already published aDNA samples support archaeological findings mentioned above. We have:
- J2b2a-L283 sample from Posuška/Dinarska culture, dated 1631-1521 BC (Veliki Vanik in modern Croatia)
- several J2b2a-L283 samples from Sardinia dating to the Nuragic period (1400-1000 BC), which developed from the earlier Bonnanaro culture, which was in turn (at least partially) developed from the Polada culture of Northern Italy
- J2b2a-L283 sample from the Mokrin necropolis, dated 2100-1800 BC, belonging to Maros/Perjamos culture, which was developed from the earlier Nagyrev culture
I would argue that even proto-Thracian ethnogenesis started several centuries before Urnfield. Just as the dominant ethnic element of proto-Illyrians ultimately originated in the EBA Pannonia and/or Northern Italy, the dominant ethnic element of proto-Thracians and their distant cousins proto-Daco-Moesians ultimately most likely originated in the post-Catacomb cultural area in the western Pontic Steppes (Babino, Noua, Monteoru, Coslogeni, Gava, Sabatinovka cultures). Both proto-Thracians and proto-Daco-Moesians were strongly influenced by proto-Iranian tribes of the Srubna culture. That's why many authors argue Thracian language belonged to the satem group, or was at least partially satemized. And in the end, that's why the expression Thraco-Cimmerian was introduced in the first place.
I agree with you that movement on the Balkans was generally Westward and Southward, and so V13 going from Southern Balkans to the north doesn't make a lot of sense. In fact you might have convinced me on that point since it does solve a lot of issues. I still have one difference though. I believe there was a first North to South movement around 2200-1900BC which spread the basal clades of V13 to the southern Balkans, and a second one which happened about 1000 years later. I looked at the clades booming around 1200BC and tried to see which ones fit. Now this is stepping on thin ice since and it might be disproven by new test results, but this is what I see based on current results. CTS9320 seems really to be connected to more southern parts of the Balkan, there are no branches that only appear outside of the Balkans, and Balkan samples seem to be at the root of CTS9320 and its subbranches. If I had to guess I would think CTS9320 was an important branch in the Belegis II moving southward at the LBA/EIA transition. L241 and FGC11457 (or FGC11451 if you use FTDNA terminology) have several branches that show purely Western- or Northern-European branches. This might be a coincidence, or it might mean they were in a more northern location where they could move in different directions. So they would have been part of whatever Carpathian/Pannonian population that pushed Belegis II southward, but was also involved in northward movements. I like this because Z5017 (the great-grandparent of CTS9320) does seem to have a more Balkan distribution given it also contains the Z19851 group.
I will also explain why I believe there must have been a first expansion around 2200BC. Take the S7461 group, which behind Z5018 and Z5017 is the most populous V13 branch. It is clearly quite old and had a rapid expansion not so long after BY3880. Today it's nearly absent in the Western Balkans but very present in Bulgaria. Apart from that it's also remarkable for it's Middle-Eastern and Arabian branches (these are also present in basal V13, but completely absent in the largest subbranches, CTS9320, L241 and FGC11451, and these branches contain many time the number of samples of S7461 and Basal V13). So if the current distribution of S7461 was the result of a LBA/EIA expansion it would mean S7461 branches had stayed together for 1000 years and decided to move together and on a seperate path than the rest of V13. To me this seems weird (but I admit I have been surprised before by how haplogroups spread according to aDNA). If there was only the LBA/EIA urnfield spread I would expect a mix of S7461 and the other groups in both the Eastern and Western Balkans. Because this is not the case, I think S7461 already moved to present Bulgaria around 2200BC. This also seems coherent with the TMRCA's on Yfull, which are not that much younger than L151, and we now from adna that this was spreading all over Europe by 2500BC.
Yes, the L283 are very lucky that they have so many aDNA samples. It seems very clear that L283 was in central Europe at the start of the 3d millenium BC and by 2200 spread to Northern Italy and the Banat, and I assume from there southwards. I think V13 was comparable, but probably the bulk of early V13 followed a more eastern path arriving more in the eastern Balkans than the Western.
This is a piece of text regarding Urnfield influence in Albania.
The next sizable population movement took place at the end of the second millennium B.C., which some have called Doric invasion, some others Illyrian invasion, and others have used other names. The invaders were a group of people that are identified to have brought urnfield culture south. Krahe (1955) had indicated that the Illyrians were the bearers of this culture which had developed by the fusion of the Danubian Yamnaya cultures. Elements of this civilization, reached Albania towards the end of the Bronze Age. (The Cambridge Ancient History, Volume III, Part 1, 2008, p. 228) The well known Albanian archeologist Frano Prendi summarized the evidence and the scope of impact of settlemets at the end of Bronze Age that Albanian territories had faced.
In this transitional period which was to last some three centuries with each century providing new elements in its material culture, several components are discernible: the autochthonous tradition, elements of sub-Mycenaean and Proto-Geometric civilization, and elements of Cental European origin which were spread through Albania by the second wave of the Pannono-Balkan migration (end of the twelfth and the eleventh centuries B.C.). This wave, unlike the first, had a marked influence on Albania, although only in some areas.
Of the number of cultural objects which spread from the north in all directions, there are swords with a tongue-shaped hilt (see Plates Vol.), flame-shaped spear-heads and socketed axes, which become fairly common in this period, and also pins with conical or vase-shaped heads (Vasenkopfnadeln), simple arched fibulae with or without buttons, whose origin, in all likelihood, is from the Liburno-Dalmatian coast, and so on. The earliest examples of this type with its many variants are recorded so far in the regions bordering southern Albania, as for example, at Dukat in Vlore, and are completely absent in the interior, as far as we know. This phenomenon suggests a purely maritime circulation of these eleventh and tenth century fibulae via the Adriatic.
In spite of the special influence of the Urnfield civilization which played an important role in the enrichment of the Early Iron Age civilization in Albania, especially in the south, one must emphasize that it did not impose any essential difference on the autochthonous foundation of Albanian civilization, and even less on the ethnic structure of the population. This can be seen most clearly in the uninterrupted practice of burial rites in tumuli, the customary inhumation in the Illyrian manner being in the contracted position. The small number of urn-burials, for instance in the Bare tumuli, can be associated with the influence of the second wave of the Pannono- Balkan migration in Albania, but the objects found in them are with a few exceptions typically Illyrian objects. The pottery particularly is derived without stylistic modifications from the Late Bronze Age. Thus, for example, in the Korce basin and the adjoining areas, the pottery of the first era of the Iron Age is almost identical in technique, shape and decoration with the Late Bronze Age painted pottery of Maliq, so that it is often difficult to distinguish between them. This is an important factor in demonstrating the continuity of the tradition of the’ Devollian’ pottery from the Late Bronze Age period into the Early Iron Age and even down to the sixth century B.C.
Thus, according to the Albanian archaeologists it would be wrong to identify the XIII-IX invasions as Illyrian, and magnify the effect of this invasion on Albanian territories. Their findings were in direct contradiction to the view that had taken hold with some historians and focused on the assumption that XIII-IX B.C. invasions from the north had overwhelmed western Balkans.
The bolded part is interesting, from another archeological paper on Late Bronze Age Greece, the same scenario is presented, the invaders came via Adriatic with ships.
Aren't you one of the administrators of the E-V13 project?
How would you comment that there aren't enough E-V13 test results of ethnicities where previous scientific studies showed that E-V13 is quite present among them if not the single most widespread haplogroup?
For example E-V13 is quite prominent among the Greeks, more so than J-L283 and yet there are only three Greek genuine samples uploads at YFULL's tree without any scientific samples and at the same time there are four J-L283 Greek genuine samples. By genuine I mean ethnic Greeks and not other ethnicities from Greece. And even if you look at the Greek DNA Project(not a member however) it seems to me that there is a lack of E-V13 results and you have a situation where you have more I-M438 results than E-M35 as a whole?
Also I remember you did mention somewhere a while ago that you are working on a new article regarding E-V13, an update of "Argonauts of the West Balkans"?
Any update about this would be highly appreciated...
No, but I'm one of the co-admins at the E-M35 project at FTDNA, which has a lot of V13-members.
I have no idea, but I think such a small Yfull sample is no reason to doubt scientific studies. A few years ago I did an analysis on Greek Genographic samples, and there V13 also seemed larger than L283. If I look at the total number of Greeks in the L283 project it just seems a very large proportion of them did Big Y, while it's the other way around in M35. If you know how I can convince more of our Greek members to do Big Y I will be very interested :-)
Also I remember you did mention somewhere a while ago that you are working on a new article regarding E-V13, an update of "Argonauts of the West Balkans"? Any update about this would be highly appreciated...
Yes, I should really get back to that. This thread has given me some inspiration.
I feel you...
Tbh, the Greeks leave me impression that they aren't much interested in genealogy. Probably the diaspora is more interested for obvious reasons but the ordinary Greek not that much. I think the Greeks are too confident about themselves and they don't bother much about this.
They are not tribalistic in the way some other people in the Balkans are, as the Albanians and the Serbs who are among the most tested people not only in the Balkans but wider. Because of this I believe that a Greek would much better handle the psychological stress of finding out that he belongs to some undesired haplogroup than some other ethnicities in the Balkans would :D
Probably the best bet are those diaspora Greeks but who knows, I'm not a Greek myself and probably a Greek member here can give you more useful information.
Great, I'm waiting for your new work, would love to read more of what you have to say...
In the previous posts I mentioned Posuška culture as one of the crucial phases in the Illyrian ethnogenesis. Its area spanned roughly from the Zrmanja river in the north, to the modern western Montenegro in the south. But closely related cultures existed even more to the southeast, in the rest of modern Montenegro and north and central Albania:
B.Čović; Posuška culture; Glasnik zemaljskog muzeja 44; p. 97
It has already been said that there was a certain degree of similarity between some of the previously known and newly discovered sites in Montenegro, and those of the Posuška culture. But even more to the southeast, in a significant part of Albania, approximately between Skadar Lake and Mati River, many forms similar to those of Posuška culture can be found in the Early and Middle Bronze Age. This applies especially to layers IIIb and IIIc in Nezirova cave (Shpella e Nezirit) in the Mati basin; to the part of the prehistoric layers from the town of Skadar, to some finds from tumuli in northern Albania and finds from layers II and III at Gajtan hillfort, not far from Skadar. These similarities were pointed out by F. Prendi and Zh. Andrea, and more recently by B. Govedarica, who gave a precise revision of the chronology of individual layers at Gajtan, emphasizing also their connection with the Eneolithic and Bronze Age in the hinterland of the middle Adriatic.
The similarity is, indeed, quite pronounced, but it would be necessary to wait until the findings from some key sites (such as Skadar and Nezirova cave) are more thoroughly researched, so that the precise correlations between Posuška culture and Bronze Age cultures of northern Albania can be determined with more certainty. At the moment, it could be stated that, in all likelihood, there is a synchronicity of the layers Nezirova cave IIIb and IIIc, and Gajtan II, with the Nečajno and Sovići phases of Posuška culture, and that layer Gajtan III, and probably also Beltoje I, could approximately correspond to the Gagrice-Hatelji phase of Posuška culture. The coincidence of some forms is evident, and more importantly, the developmental tendencies are similar. Therefore, it could be argued that spacious cultural zone existed in the area between Zrmanja and Mati rivers in the Bronze Age, and that Posuška culture was an important part of that zone.
These parallel developmental processes continued during the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (proto-Illyrian phase):
D. Srejović; Illyrians and Thracians; p. 31-32
Only from the end of the 8th century BC integration processes begin on all Illyrian territories, that lead to the formation of several large ethnocultural entities, clearly visible only in the 6th-5th century BC. In this period the first Greek colonies on the southeastern coast of the Adriatic were founded - Epidamno (= Dyrrachium, today Durres), founded by Corcyra and Corinth around 627 BC, and Apollonia, founded by Corinth around 588 BC; they strongly influenced Illyrian tribes in the hinterland and introduced Illyrians into written history. In the territory south of of the Shkumbin river, Kuči-i-Zi culture was formed, while more to the north a well-integrated culture developed, in which several regional variants can be observed: Mati culture (central Albania), Kukes-Drilon culture (northeastern Albania and Metohija), Lisijevo polje culture (northern Montenegro) and Glasinac culture (southeastern Bosnia).
In the area of Kuči-i-Zi culture tumuli with more than a hundred graves have been excavated, which points to the existence of a large tribal communities. Jewelry from these graves has connections mainly with Macedonian and Greek workshops. Archaeological finds from tumuli in the northern areas are noticeably different. Mati culture graves contain a variety of jewelry, and Kukes-Drilon and Glasinac cultures - weapons and warrior equipment. Already from 7th century BC in the entire northern Illyrian area the number of warrior graves is constantly increasing, and among them the graves of tribal leaders stand out; they contain precious warrior equipment, bronze utensils and amber jewelry. It seems that integrative processes which are observed in this culture during 7th-5th century BC began first in the area where rich warrior graves first appeared, and that is the area of Glasinac culture. Weapons and jewelry of the bearers of this culture were accepted by all neighboring communities, i.e. carriers of the Lisije polje, Mati and Kukes-Drilon cultures. These cultures were probably formed by certain tribes, known from later historical sources, namely: Glasinac culture - Autariatae, Lisijevo polje culture - Ardiaei, Mati culture - Taulantii, Kukes-Drilon culture - Illyrians in the narrow sense, and Kuchi-i-Zi culture, which is otherwise significantly different from the others, Enchelei or Bryges, i.e. a separate people who were later assimilated by Illyrians.
I would add to this list of "core" Illyrian tribes Dalmatae, whose territory almost perfectly overlaps with the territory of earlier Posuška culture, and Desitiates of central Bosnia, who are said to be more closely related to Dalmatae than to the neighbouring Autariatae from Glasinac culture.
I read that there was widely accepted by linguists/archeologists that those late Urnfield invaders were ancestors of Illyrians, one of the proponents was Hammond. Albanian archeologists refuse this because of obvious reasons, they simply support the ~2000 B.C Tumuli-Kurgan invaders theory.
Greece and Greeks are typical westernized folks. They care only about fashion, Instagram, lifestyle and having an easy and relaxed life. They don't give a shit about their origins, roots, ancestry, their genes, where their surnames originate and much more that i am bored to explain. I think you are wrong that diaspora Greeks care more or they are the most tested. Diaspora Greeks are millions of times worse than local Greeks. Most of them do not even speak Greek, and they have no idea about Greek history. It's specific some Greek-Americans who taking tests and this has to do because it is very frenquent and popular in USA. Those from EU and Asia have assilmated into the local societies. But it is not only Greeks fault but also our govrement's fault.A poor country with bad unis who don't give a dmn shit about genetics and archeology. Probably the most unsampled state in West Eurasia and its a big shame for a country with such rich history. The reason why balkans and eastern Europeans are more tested is simply because they are less westernized and ofc way more conservative. All the western countries care less when it comes to DNA and genetics in general. It's not only Greeks. Look at Germanics for example.
That is out of the question, as I said, (proto-)Illyrians in their core areas practised almost exclusively inhumation during all periods of their existence, from the Middle Bronze Age to the Roman conquest. Cremation was practised along with inhumation only in easily accessible areas in the Pannonian basin and nortwestern parts of the Balkans, so it was clearly an intrusive burial tradition.
Let me reiterate myself, only Albanian Communist archeologists and Yugoslav archeologists are staunch supports of this, most of foreign Western archeologist think the LBA was a massive game changer.
There was a big thing going on in LBA for sure. It's not a coincidence the Iapyges and even the Siculii(though disputed) moved during LBA-EIA in Italy. And probably they moved by sea.
Now, probably it is as you said the tumuli-people were Proto-Illyrian, but who were this Urnfield newcomers? They weren't Thracian for sure, since Thracians were formed even earlier than Illyrians, and their composition was Indo-European comers pushed by Srubnaya and Balkan farmers mix. So in all three Paleo-Balkan people, Illyrians/Thracians/Greeks during LBA/EIA we see inhumation practices and cremation. It looks like a new population was spread around in Balkans.
To be honest, most of Albanians don't even care about DNA stuff as far as i have realized. Most of the tested Albanians come from Kosovo mainly, and the reason for that is because of political disputes which brought massive online debate over Illyrians/Thracians etc, etc, etc.
Albania is like Greece.. very unsampled. At least Greece had 1/2 papers because of Lazaridis. From Albania We havent seen anything. Unis playing an important role and both countries have low budget Unis, so dont expect much. Most sampled countries have cooperation between their Unis and Labs or With archeology teams etc.
I think the debate got now really interesting and its good to get different views, new perspectives and in some cases even corrections by people more knowledgeable on their regional archaeology. We really need to fact check every idea about folk migrations and the spread of associated patrilineages. By now I think its much easier to say which people were no major spreaders of E-V13, because their timing, spread and later survival doesn't fit, rather than telling with any certainty who was it. To sum it up, I see with the currently available evidence practically no way around the Urnfield expansion and EIA being the major spreading events, that's for me the No. 1 conclusion based on the available facts in the bigger picture. Its not safe by now, there are other possibilities still out there, but given the current evidence, its just the most likely scenario out of all I'm aware of.
Two similar inputs:
I still have one difference though. I believe there was a first North to South movement around 2200-1900BC [...] Take the S7461 group, which behind Z5018 and Z5017 is the most populous V13 branch. It is clearly quite old and had a rapid expansion not so long after BY3880. Today it's nearly absent in the Western Balkans but very present in Bulgaria. Apart from that it's also remarkable for it's Middle-Eastern and Arabian branches
A problem with these clades is, at least if starting from yFull, you surely know better, that we don't have clearly defined branches on the regoinal level for many of the important clades. However, where we do have those, we get something like this again:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y150909/
A TMRCA of about 1000 BC and three completely different, diversified and geographically very distant branches. This is again an Iron Age timing and spread scenario, exactly in the manner described.
Next one, with an absurd composition of Italy, Bahrain and Spain:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-BY5022b/
If its not Jewish, but an old regional one, again look at the TMRCA: About 1.600 BC.
At the same time it harbours https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-FGC44175/ a clearly Northern branch, TMRCA? Again 1.700 BC!
All these branches of the E-S7461 tree point to one single issue: Urnfield and the LBA-EIA transition. My best guess for the Near Eastern haplotypes is, that they were brought there by Sea People. I mean you know the clades better, you can say whether such a scenario is possible, but with my very limited knowledge, just looking at the distribution and clades, its looks to me like this is a viable option. It doesn't contradict and early Balkan scenario at all, but such a scenario would make the distribution rather more difficult to explain, rather than solving anything. Of course they could have started their movement in the LBA-EIA from the Balkans, why not. But its in no way a contradiction (again with my limited knowledge on the issue) to the scenario proposed, even on the contrary, if looking at the Northern branch with a TMRCA of about 1.600 BC.
That's where we completely agree. The reason is actually quite simple. There are two large cultural phenomenons of great importance which show traits of non-IE tribal, but more advanced metal age character. The first is Unetice, the second is Urnfield. Both have elements in their culture which point to the South East. With South East I don't mean the Balkan necessarily though, actually the Balkan was different, but the Carpathian region, which played a pivotal role even for Sintashta and the Indo-Iranians, for the whole of the Indo-Europeans. And one of the reason for its importance was, in my opinion, that it was the single most important centre of Indo-European mining and metal working. It was their primary mine and forge. When the steppe people came, they could eliminate farmers, no problem, they could just take the wives they wanted and get rid of the rest, or forming a layer above and letting them work, or allying up on more equal terms. This were all viable options, the victor can decide.
But the mines and forges in the Balkans, these were really too important to destroy and rebuild. That was no logical option in my opinion. Even on the contrary, it was always the prize for the strongest steppe people to take. And its in this context E-V13 survived all the turmoil. And its interesting that Gava was not just pracisting cremation, but also burying the dead at home. There is something about Urnfield as a whole which says its about new old traditions spreading. And the Carpathian zone played a very, very important part in this. Gava and related groups surely had more impact on the Eastern sphere than on the Western and Adriatic one, no doubt about it.
Interestingly there was a second push coming, related to more direct steppe influences, which affected both Thrace and Pannonia, but interesting Pannonia more so. And this one was a combination of Thracian plus steppe, really pushing to the West, like the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon. You see in large parts of Hungary what archaeologists called "yurtification":
The environmentally determinist view suggests that the resulting abandonment of
areas of flooded arable land created substantial advantages to an increased scale of animalkeeping
(Bökönyi 1974). However, not only does this correlation fail to explain the
‘yurtification’ of the farmers and the minimal artefact discard but the ecological interactions
between forest clearance and flooding are more complex.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229792878_Contrasting_subsistence_strategies_in_th e_Early_Iron_Age_-_New_results_from_the_Alfold_Plain_Hungary_and_the _Thracian_Plain_Bulgaria/link/5dca8b8c92851c8180472b6c/download
So this is no minor issue, there was a massive steppe influences going down to Thrace and Pannonia. So explaining the ethnolinguistic affinities might be even more difficult than telling which group is likely to have brought E-V13. Because that E-V13 came directly and in such large numbers from the steppe is hardly possible, but that this impact changed the language and culture of a people much more so.
Actually this position would solve how the "core Illyrians" got only limited amounts of E-V13, while the wider Illyrian sphere and down to Greek got a lot of it, because the Urnfield influences were much stronger in the remaining parts of South Eastern Europe and there was a secondary expansion from the Proto-Thracian core zone. Most of the Illyrian sphere and what later became Eastern Hallstatt got obviously heavily influenced both by Urnfield and the Thraco-Cimmerian horizon. So where does this leave us?
Looking at this map, a large portion of the zone you described was outside of the narrower scope of Eastern Hallstatt:
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/5c/ad/6e/5cad6ed61f85a266a11f31803e40686d.png
And obviously Hallstatt as a whole was multi-ethnic, there is no way around this. However, the Eastern Hallstatt sphere is best explained along a mixed Illyrian-Thracian ground with heavier steppe influences (weaponry and tools are clearly pointing towards this as well).
So I'd assume that both Eastern Hallstatt and Thracians (widest sense) got a lot of Urnfield influences, and a lot of E-V13.
Yes, the unsampling of Albania and Greece is worrying to be honest. Apparently we will have samples from the archeological site of Maliq, Albania.
But archeologists from Albania have phobia regarding the Urnfield expansion, and they will do anything to dismiss it. Because it was widespread among linguists/archeologists that Illyrians were the most affected by this, so far as to use the name of Lusatian Culture (part of Urnfield) intercheangably with the term Illyrian. There is also other sides disputing this ofcourse, atleast disputing the degree of influences.
To me it's impressing how 12 years ago Dienekes Pontikos in his blog explained how E-V13 is related to Late Bronze Age expansion: http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2008/07/expansion-of-e-v13-explained.html
It's just that he couldn't explain where was the starting point, of course due to lack of samples. In his STR analysis Greeks from Nea Nikomedea (Central Macedonia) have the oldest TMRCA clades of E-V13 in the Balkans. Again the Kapitan Andreevo site full of E-V13 had close ties and similarities with Northern Greek EIA sites. Probably both of them had Urnfield influences.
Who knows, eventually we will have the right answer.
dosas
In his STR analysis Greeks from Nea Nikomedea (Central Macedonia) have the oldest TMRCA clades of E-V13 in the Balkans.
New Nicomedia is a village that was settled by Anatolian Greek exchangees from Nicomedia (Izmit) in the Marmara region, in Turkey.
Is that addressed in his conclusion?
I hope so.We have only one Illyrian sample from Croatia.I am not sure if Illyrians from Albania would have been identical...or maybe Illyrians in southern Albania might have been closer to Myceneans while Illyrians from the northern parts might have been like the HRV_IA sample.Αs for Nea Nikomedea this village is inhabit mostly by Pontic Greeks while the secondary folks are of Vlach roots if i am not mistaken.Pontic Greeks rarely have EV13 or they have it in limited %.So,the Greeks from there might have been a Vlach related subgroup or something.Imathia in general has a decent Vlach minority.
Quoting this paper......
This paper is concerned with the nature of the relationship that existed between Central Europe and the Aegean area in the early 1st millennium B.C. Interest in Aegean-continental connections has been strong for a considerable time, but has been intensified, particularly from the continental standpoint, in the past fifteen years. Although some of these studies have been concerned with the contacts between 2nd millennium (Late Bronze Age) Greece and the north, others have examined in detail the evidence for the links between the Urnfield culture and Greece during the 10th, 9th and 8th centuries. For Greece, this is an utterly different period from the preceding one; the evidence for foreign contacts suddenly becomes scarce and that for military disasters is virtually non-existent. Yet some scholars have reached very similar conclusions, involving the transmission of objects and of the people who carried them from Central Europe into Greece, for this period as for the preceding Late Bronze Age. Such arguments have a recent exponent in Professor W. Kimmig, whose paper Seevölkerbewegung und Urnenfelderkultur ranges over the whole period from about 1200 to 700. His list of objects and practices in this period, which he considers to have been donated by the Danube-Balkan peoples to the Mediterranean world, is comprehensive indeed: it would include bronze shields and body armour, the equipment of Goliath, the knobbed ware of Troy VII B, the practice of cremation in the Iron Age, the ritual spoliation of weapons in graves, iron swords, spears, knives, bits, lugged axes, spits, fire-dogs, bronze personal objects generally, clay idols, the maeander pattern and the swans of Apollo
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/proceedings-of-the-prehistoric-society/article/barbarian-europe-and-early-iron-age-greece/868B5A15BD59C57DADCFD31B9CD345B0
So,you don't see Thracians coming from Bambino or any other KMK related culture?
What time period is the Maliq archeological site that they will sample?
I wonder if we will get any YDNA sampling of the Komani Culture. That would be quite interesting as well given its transition and time period.
I don't know exactly, it's either Late Neolithic or Early Bronze Age, or from both periods.
My assumption is that we will see G2a and R1b-Z2103 from the Early Bronze Age period.
I just have the time for a short answer right now, but to sum it up, I see three options for the crucial time:
- local people (already steppe-derived)
- Central European influences (Urnfield-related)
- more recent steppe influences
All three played a role in the ethnogenesis of the Thracians and I'm not able to determine which of these three elements involved brought the language. However, I'm pretty confident about one issue, that Fluted Ware/Gava and generally North Carpathian/Central European groups brought E-V13 down, fused with the locals and got important steppe influences on top of it. If you look at the Thracians in the later phase, they underwent a phase of more pastoralist and low level economic activity, so anything but what we see in Teleac and related settlements which I would associate with this LBA-EIA E-V13 spread. This is even more pronounced in Hungary, where the nomadic ways really took over, as the article I linked above points out, than in the Thracian sphere, but its recognisable in both spheres.
What is similar in both study areas is the massive human impact on the first
millennium BC forests, brought about by scattered farming communities who surely suffered
from the unanticipated ecological effects brought in its train. But the story for the Thracian
Plain is rather different, in at least three key respects. There is no need to invoke the
‘yurtification’ of the local populations, since ‘settlements’ have been identified from surface
pottery scatters and confirmed by excavation. Secondly, the increasing scale of structured
deposition at pit-sites indicates that a new arena of social power (Chapman 1994) has been
developed, generally between individual farmsteads, as places where group political and
exchange relations can be negotiated – a differentiation of place not yet found in the Alföld.
Thirdly, the influence of Pontic steppe nomads hardly reaches further into Bulgaria than the
Black Sea zone, in such elite burials as Belogradets (Toncheva 1980; Gergova 1986). A major
issue in Thrace concerns the gap between the low-level differentiation of the EIA and the far
greater social complexity and monumentality of the Thracian period in the fifth century BC
and after.
What had this regions (Alföld and Thrace) in common?
Located north of the Aegean world and at the westernmost extent of the world of the steppe
nomads (Fig. 1), EIA communities in the Balkans and Hungary clearly played an important part
in the inter-regional exchange networks of metal (Kristiansen 1998; Pare 2000) and prestige
ceramics (e.g. the Gáva black burnished fine wares that provided a direct link between the Alföld
and Thrace at this time
So especially for the core Thracian sphere, its not decisive enough to decide who had the upper hand. These three influences were in my opinion present and the most important. but even such highly important phenomenons like the Basarabi culture might be more complex in their nature as it seems at first sight. In any case, the Urnfield penetration of the whole of Eastern Central and South Eastern Europe was so big, that it was, as a single process, the most likely candidate to spread out E-V13.
I might also add that it could have contributed, even early on, but surely in Hallstatt, to the spread of E-V13 West and even North, but all of this needs to be investigated and proven in detail, by ancient DNA samples. What we can say for quite sure is, however, that the Eastern branches of Urnfield seem to have had a high probability of being heavy in E-V13, but the Western once much less so and most of the later spread can be rather attributed to secondary expansions in the EIA, the infiltrations with specialists from the South East.
Reading all of your viewpoint i learned a lot regarding Bronze Age Cultures, it looks quite more dynamic and complex than initially thought.
That's actually the problem about it, because some of the later widespread cultures were the result of different cultural and genetic groups fusing. In such cases, its often very hard to tell who survived or just adapted, who got the upper hand and gave the language. That was always a problem for phenomenons like "Dorians" in particular, if looking at Greece again. If you read the classical literature, you will got a whole lot of claims about its origin. And that's the great thing about ancient DNA, it can help to solve some of these disputes with relatively high certainty which archaegology can't. Like if the females did the ceramic production, and foreign males conquered them, even ceramic continuity in the first generations might just hide a much bigger shift. Archaeologists will just see continuity if going by ceramics, when there was a big change. Similarly, they can only see a change in customs, but can't tell for sure whether this was local people adopting or foreign people bringing it. And especially in the Balkans the picture was always more patchy, because a tabula rasa phenomenon happened less frequently, at least some remains of the preceding people were quite often incorporated, even in the large scale replacement scenarios.
I hunted down the King et al. (2008) paper from where those oldest E-V13 samples, you mentioned, are from. It would seem that the people (also judging from the Dienekes post you mentioned) were of Aromanian origin?
And what about those from Lerna Franchthi Attica, Aromanians again? Come on dude. Aromanians are listed there separately.
I am talking about the Nea Nicomedia sampling. Please, demonstrate, by all means. I am just explaining the demographics of the village, I have no horse in this race, no need for salt.
I must be referring to a different paper, this is the one I was referring to:
King et al. (2007)
https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1BM1B1A9NHKcEJqXPsHaxA1pQqG0s3k1Z?usp=sharing
A further 171 males were sampled from three areas in Greece in villages near known Initial Neolithic [IN] and Early Neolithic [EN] sites (Figure 1). These comprised Central Macedonia near the site of Nea Nikomedeia (n = 57); Thessaly within the southeast Larissa basin (n = 30) and near Sesklo/Dimini (n = 27); and in the NW Peloponnese, near the Franchthi Cave (n = 21) and Lerna (n =36). Only individuals whose paternal grandfather was from the designated areas were sampled.
The village of Nea Nikomedia is in Imathia.The people there are mostly Pontians/Anatolian Greeks and some Vlachs.
The village is mostly Pontian and Aromanian-Vlach.
EV13 in Greece can be from many sources.From IA period to hellenistic and medieval times with the arrival of Arvanites,Vlachs and Slavs in general.
JoeyP37
I don't know if E-V13 is particularly confusing, it seems to be a pan-European line (one of my Acadian ancestors was E-V13 and about half of my 23andMe relatives who are E-V13 are his male-line descendants), and to me seems to have expanded well from Pannonia, south with the Illyrians and later Dorians into Greece, and also up and down the Danube, with this river being the main route of E-V13, mostly via Celtic people, into Western Europe.
DorianTA
Nikomidia is far from Pontus , they should be something close to/in between Western Asia Minor & Eastern Thrace Greeks ..
I get the impression that they did not mean to sample Pontic Greeks or Anatolian Marmara Greeks, to be fair, and maybe they didn't, lol. The details seem a bit vague on the matter, it's the fault of the sampling team for not being explicit when such questions would almost certainly arise (as they did, in this case).
PS. Any time you see a village/town with the prefix (Neo/Nea)=New, it means that it's an Anatolian/Pontic/Thracian Greek exchangee settlement, for future reference, and you will almost certainly be able to find the non-"new" equivalent place of origin in Turkey/Bulgaria.
Edit: I just realized, if the paper in 2007 mentions that the 25-30 yr olds were sampled based on the fact that their grandparent was from that place, then that means that the numbers almost line up perfectly for that grandparent to maybe have been an exchangee Pontic/Anatolian Greek, lol.
Nea Nikomidia trace its roots from refugees who arrived in Greece from Izmit(modern Kocaeli).It has nothing to do with Western Asia Minor or eastern Thrace.It is in northwest Anatolia(Marmara province).
I know ,what I'm trying to say is that "E-V13" wouldn't be something off for their geography ,it's not necessarily local..from coasts and Eastern Thrace down to Cappadocia there were all kinds of movements from Mainland/Aegean Greece in (relatively) recent times.
I am not sure the origins of this specific EV13 or the EV13 in general for Greece and Greeks.I am just guessworking here.But Anatolian Greeks/Pontic Greeks are not so frenquent to have such lineages compared to native-local Greeks.This specific village is inhabit mostly by Pontians/Anatolian Greeks and the locals there are mostly Aromanian-Vlachs.Imathia in general has a strong minority of Aromanian Vlachs.
This applies to most world ,it's not an issue of Greek mentality..the problem is that there's not much awareness about DNA-related stuff ,If there was I'm sure we'd be much more tested.Εven those that do test they won't dig further and literally interpret commercial test categories as their ancestry like they will think they're Italian etc and it ends there for them.
Also unis don't care because they're run by leftists ,them along with politicians they would just prefer If we kept perpetuating certain past theories about these issues instead of researching.Two examples so you can understand what I mean about politicians .. http://alexander-hellas.blogspot.com/2014/02/blog-post_26.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u6kqQWmtr4c
Anyways went off-topic..
This is the composition of Vlachs in Balkan Peninsula.
R1b = 21%
R1a = 10.1%
I = 20.67%
E-V13 = 16.5%
J2 = 25%
G = 3.37%
Bosch, E.; Calafell, F.; González-Neira, A.; Flaiz, C; Mateu, E; Scheil, HG; Huckenbeck, W; Efremovska, L; et al. (2006). "Paternal and maternal lineages in the Balkans show a homogeneous landscape over linguistic barriers, except for the isolated Aromuns". Annals of Human Genetics. 70 (Pt 4): 459–87. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2005.00251.x. PMID 16759179. S2CID 23156886.
Yes unis are full of left-wings and anarchists,so we should not expect much.
I am pretty sure the Nikomedia EV13 are associated with balkanic people.Now Vlachs-Aromanians,Arvanito-Vlachs,Slavo-Vlachs,Slavs or whatever they all look the same to me xD.I am not avoiding the fact Thraco-Illryrian or Macedonian roots as well but we need ancient samples to confirm it.
The reason why i put those percentages is just to remind you guys because if every E-V13 Greek is Vlach in origin then that's weird because it looks like they magically absorbed only E-V13 ignoring R1b, J2, I and G.
Sorry but you misunderstanding me.I never said all of EV13's in Greece have to do with Vlachs.I told you about the specific village(Nea Nikomedia).This village with exception Pontic/Anatolian Greeks who come from modern Turkey.The rest of natives-local folks have Vlach-Aromanian roots.Thus,i am guessing these EV13 lineages are connected with them,because simply Pontics and Anatolian Greeks rarely belong to such lineages.Ev13 is the most frenquent yDNA in mainland Greece i have no idea where it is coming from,thought i can say for sure that some lineages-clades exist also among Vlachs,Albanians,North Macedonians etc.
I didn't understand why someone outside had to bring the language there?
Where do you draw your conclusions from?
German, Greek, Albanian, Baltic languages... have a non-Indo-European substrate while Slavic languages do not have.
Where did the German come from to the Germans? Who brought it to them?
Only to the Slavs someone else must have brought in their language, right?
The German, for example, has undergone Europeanization, but this does not make it IE by origin. He just took a vocabulary. Even after external influence, each language retains its base characteristics if it is not completely replaced, of course, but even then, there will be grammatically differences. We observe this in real time.
If you are proposing the entry of a new language for Europe, you should at least mention which is such a topical and influential language more widespread than the Slavic language group directly related to the Thracian toponymy.
What has he brought to the local community so useful for their everyday life that they forget their language?
Even the Romans and Turks failed to change the local language. Who is this special messenger, perhaps someone who brought stone axes and bear teeth from the East, which had to change the language of millennia, a language adequate to the highly developed culture and the oldest attested local proto-writing in the world.
Тhis local society has already inhabited huge settlements for its time, structured in a hierarchical system with developed crafts and metallurgy. Will they change their language because of some savages from the East with necklaces of teeth?
In the Balkans with small exceptions such as Albania, for example, there is cultural continuity like nowhere else in Europe, what prevents it from including continuity in language?
There is really no other place in Europe where we can look forward to preserving an ancient language. Northwestern Europe is unreasonable in this case.
Map where the samples are coming from, including Albania. 7000+ already in the lab:
https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-5-rvA6IqHuE/Xb5t7hGmiTI/AAAAAAAAITs/KTUkvHFZJRUOZSDqn9y687kjQHuPcipAgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Ancient_samples.jpg
First of all, this idea of Slavic having no substrate influences at all can be questioned, secondly the main reason for this is not that they were sitting in the Balkans, but that they were staying in a region in which other people's impulses reached them, and in which they assimilated low numbers of culturally more backward natives, but they didn't met any large, coherent group on a higher level. Proto-Baltoslavs were sitting in the very North East. Just compare with the latest post from David:
https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2020/11/fatyanovo-as-part-of-wider-corded-ware.html
Proto-Baltoslavs are highly likely to have been sitting, after the backmigration from the North Carpathian zone in the EBA, somewhere between Fatyanovo and the Baltic region:
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1rgM3Ia8t5E/X68skad65uI/AAAAAAAAJbE/-3WJJetcWgMEFThXeR0mLscHUoa4klaDQCLcBGAsYHQ/s948/Fatyanovo_Figure_11.jpg
They received impulses, but had no significant substrate, because before IE came there, only rather primitive forager groups lived there. That's the exact opposite to Germanic, Celtic and Greek, which met people on a high cultural level, in some cases even above themselves in some respects. Proto-Baltoslavs only received IE impulses after the Corded-derived establishment.
That's the wrong question, because nobody can bring German to the Germans, but only Germans can come to what is now Germany. I'd assume that there were no Germanics proper before the Jastorf culture and its origin might be more complicated actually.
Depends on the region. Slavic was hardly as widespread in the Bronze Age as it is now. If you claim otherwise, it would be delusional. So some regions can claim relative continuity, at least to general Balto-Slavic, especially Belorussians I'd say, while others can't.
I you read my posts some pages back, I said I really think that Slavs were part or at least neighbours of the very Eastern Urnfield groups and that their direct neighbour, in a language continuum, was Thracian. The language continuum in which centre was the Urnfield culture in the LBA, was like this: Celtic-Italic-Germanic-Illyrian-Thracian-Slavic-Baltic.
With Thracians moving down to the Central Carpathians and Balkans, the link between Germanic and Slavic was gone. I'd assume that Illyrian and Thracian might be put, on the general IE tree between Germanic and (Balto-) Slavic.
That's like asking any people which got defeated about why they accept a foreign rule and dominance? Why did Roman provincials, Germanics and Greeks, turn to Slavic? Because they got overwhelmed in the migration period and their old societal and economic system was broken, simple as that.
Even the Romans and Turks failed to change the local language.
Where they really wanted to change it, they did it. Only in remote provinces in which this was no priority, they did "not succeed". But that was, to a large degree, because they didn't even tried "to achieve it" in the first place. If they wanted, they could have.
Talk about cultural continuity in places in which only isolated shepherds in huts remained in Medieval times where once cities and legions lived in a high cultural environment.
Completely different subject.
I think we really need to test remains from Cetina culture, to check if they were the ultimate source of E-V13.
Cetina travelled a lot with ships around Italy and Greece, maybe a group of them migrated more north toward Hungary during early 3 millenium B.C?
https://i.imgur.com/eF0DSY8.png
Cetina travelled a lot with ships around Italy and Greece, maybe a group of them migrated more north toward Hungary?
I considered Cetina as a viable option among others, but rather don't do any more. The reason is simple its timing and distribution. It corresponds the best with "Illyrian in the narrower sense" as discussed with Pribislav, but you have to consider this:
- its timing. If they would have expanded Northward and even further to the East, the samples taken from Pannonia and the Balkans should have taken it up. To create the E-V13 frequencies of the IA, it would have had to have a big impact on the whole macro-region in an earlier phase.
- If the centre was the later Illyrian core region, why is especially this centre even in the IA not as heavily E-V13? How could Cetina push upwards, to Pannonia and the Balkans? Especially in the MBA-EIA timeframe, in which most pushes came from Central Europe and the steppe, rather than the opposite way?
That doesn't mean its not possible, I'm just saying its not as likely. What the Cetina people with their strong Bell Beaker cultural input really were like, I guess nobody really knows right now. But everything considered, its not my first best alternative. Probably the second, if the Urnfield scenario completely fails, but I mainly promote the Urnfield spread because I think we're running out of other viable options. The E-V13 origin debate became an elimination game, and honestly, from my perspective, there are not too many plausible alternatives left which fit the archaeological evidence.
I wonder about an archaeological-cultural pathway from Cetina to later cultures forming the Thracian sphere?
The only reason i say so, is because according to Yugoslav archeologists Cetina were one of the few descendants of Cardial farmers to survive in a more pure form during Bronze Age.
But you are right, unless we are getting illusions of spread, Urnfield looks the safest bet so far. I think from the French paper the La Tene (Late Hallstatt) had some R1b samples and one of them was E1b1b (highly likely E-V13).
I think its like the last straw for a more Southern origin story. Yet even if V13 was present, it might be a similar story to the Michelsberger, with little of whatever they were remaining and being and having little lasting impact. Especially since they would not just need to survive where the culture spread in the EBA,but expand from that core against the Northern groups. Just worse odds I'd say.
While I agree that some V13 in Western Europe did not come from the Balkan but from a common source in central-Europe, I still believe most V13 in Western Europe comes from Roman soldiers recruited on the Balkans. This can explain the combination of very diverse groups under S7461. On Yfull you can see that the closest neighbour of the "Northern branch" is a group of Lebaneze Druze and an Israeli, again that does not scream Urnfield to me.
Recently we got a Hungarian tested in under a certain S7461 branch, he posted in FTDNA group. The Lebanese and Arab can be easily explained by the Sea People remnants due to the connection being too distant for classifying it as Roman or Byzantine soldiers.
So the Hungarian falls within: E-V13 > CTS8814 > CTS5856 > BY3880 > FGC44169 > S7461 > BY5022 > FGC44154 > FGC44177 => https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-FGC44177/
I can't know of course, but its at least possible that it was brought to the Near East either at the LBA-EIA transition or afterwards. We know of E-V13 branches which expanded to the Levante and Near East, which came in later, even in Hellenistic and Roman times. We had this in this thread already. Concerning migrations in Roman and Medieval times, again a lot of things are possible, like we have seen in the Viking samples. But again, there is a difference in the distribution between the different clades a lot of V13 look more Northern shifted by default, rather than latecomers. Surprises are always possible of course.
My position on the issue is, that V13 played a real Iron Age "fertiliser role" which led to a big splitting down to the downstream clades around 1.600-800 BC. I imagine it like one group of priests, smiths and warriors going West, one North, one South West. But the main route on the flight was South and South East. So far I see little to no proof for an earlier splitting of importance which can't be explained otherwise, but the final proofs in either way are simply still outstanding.
Indeed, and the only cases which are clearly Balkan-Aegean related are usually younger, like https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-BY5786/
If we go on level higher, what do we get again?
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y16729/
A TMRCA for the whole group of around or younger than 1.800-1.600 BC. So far I see no definitive proof for any real and large scale expansion of E-V13 any time earlier. There wasn't that much happening before 2000 BC, that seems to be evident.
Very interesting, are they suggesting people from the Aegean moved in Central Europe during Middle Bronze Age and influenced Urnfield then during Late Bronze Age they just returned back?
Sprockhoff saw a shared source for both the Bronze Age Central European and
Greek bird boat traditions reflected in the Dupljaja chariot and later Greek legends of the
Hyperborean Apollo, who returns on a sacred swan from the frozen expanses of the
north every spring.80 This idea of the water-bird as transport of gods may have
ultimately had its origins in the Aegean world, and was carried north into Europe by the
same people who influenced the Mycenaeanizing weapons and jewelry found in Middle
Bronze Age contexts there.81 Once in Central Europe, it was modified to suit regional
tastes, evolving into what became in the Bz D the central symbol of Urnfield religious
symbology: the vogelbarke. There is also, of course, the possibility that the Aegean
world adopted the static bird iconography that developed in the north and breathed a
new, dynamic life into it.8
This is a reality, however, it was, as far as I know, no mass movement, so rather like the Greek influences on Hallstatt in general. This could have resulted in single lineages here and there, but it wouldn't been able to penetrate the Pannonian-Carpathian zone in the way necessary.
" your definition of "Bulgarian" is over the top" It is not mine I am naming here the OFFICIAL HISTORICAL SOURCES.
There is no other Slavic state at the time when Bulgaria existed and developed its policy by spreading the Cyrillic alphabet and the Bulgarian Christian literature, the first "Slavic" literature at all.
Even the Arab authors have used the terms Slavic and Bulgarian as unambiguous and interchangeable.
If you have a problem with that take your complaints to the authors. :)
Your comparison with the Goths and Germans is quite inappropriate, since the Goths are NEVER connected by historical sources with the Germans. Not even ONE source!!!
No need for you to hear everything,this is not in the capacity of any man, so just go to some library and check for your self.
It's not kind to twist what is written, I have written the area in question.
The Pannonians are called Bulgarians and I have clearly written this and gave the sourse. Zonara: "Πανόνιοι οἱ Βούλγαροι". And Bulgaria itself as Pannonia -"Πανονία ἡ Βουλγαρία"
After all we have and some new authors confirm the above:
"The older the toponyms in Germany, the clearer their Slavic character" [11] p.29.
R.G. Latham, The Germania of Tacitus, Walton and Marbely, London, 1851
The Bulgarians founded the first ethnic state in Europe (Norman Davies) and Bulgarian language is the basis of all Slavic languages ( S. Derzhavin ).
"Compared to the Russian language,the modern Bulgarian language is distinguished by the archaicness of its lexical composition and grammatical structure.
"This applies in comparison with all other Slavic languages in the group.This are the facts and this is the official history for Europe and the opinion of names in their field. I don't care if you like it or not.
You mean like the French called Germans "Allemannic", Hungarians "Saxons" and Serbians "Svabo"? Everyone after the neighbouring or just best known tribe?
https://i.imgur.com/OZCwLsL.png
Vogelbarke, from National Museum in Belgrade
https://pbs.twimg.com/media/DSkgX-3XkAAMQuO.jpg
Medinet Habu ship prototype.
Who's primitive if your whole culture is based over the culture and language and religion of the Balkan people?
I was speaking about forest hunters in Northern Russia before the Corded Ware people came there and spread pastoralism and agriculture, because that's the place some generations later the ancestors of the Proto-Slavs might have lived, West of Fatyanovo. They got an impulse from the Carpathian region too, which reached as far as Sintashta. I don't know why you wrote what you did, seems to be a misunderstanding. Bulgaria had a completely different history. Thracians might have been a related people to Slavs, in some way, see next paragraph, but not the same, simple as that.
Concerning possible South -> North migrations, the last phase which could have happened would be Vatin, but it doesn't seem to have been. Was the last chance however and it would be, in any case, great to get Vatin culture samples. Its one of these complicated cultures which might have fused various influences. However, I don't think it spread E-V13 primarily and still think that the Urnfield-cremation horizon of the centre and East is pretty safe, with the best candidate in detail being the Fluted Wares with Gava as a prime first level candidate. Interestingly, Gava did border Černoles culture at some point, which would close the gap for my continuum in the North to the Baltoslavic sphere. So it seems to fit very nicely, especially if expanding from Gava in the narrower sense to the whole complex of the Fluted Ware ceramics and related cultures of the Southern Urnfield sphere. Then there is almost no way around it, because it penetrated the whole macro-region and is the single best candidate for a big shift.
Another example for the usual pattern in E-V13, starting with a clear Balkan group like https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-A18833/ with a TMRCA of about 1750 BP, so clearly spreading within the Balkans in the Roman Age.
At the next level is a North Italian however: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Z19851a/
One up most sister clades, only single samples so far, look rather Celtic or Germanic: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Z19851/
One up with France and Bulgaria: https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Y18556/ so the wide-split distribution like expected.
Generally within E-Z5017 too, a clear tendency towards a fairly late split down to the subclades in the EIA.
Most more recent splits and TMRCA are related already to just one grouping, like Celtic or Balkan. Celtic-La Tene looks for example:
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-Z17264/ is interesting, like no overlap between the extremes after 800 BC - nothing later. The extremes usually overlap only before the developed Iron Age and almost never make it into historical or Roman Age.
Like https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-BY4289/ uniting Portugal and Armenia, but look at the TMRCA: 900 BC.
I'm really searching how many clades are there at all which would point to a historical or even later Roman dispersal? These surely must have existed, considering Illyrian and Thracian soldiers for Rome, Greek traders and teachers etc., to just name the stereotypes. But overall, it seems they are not that important for the North Alpine dispersal. Most seems to date to the EIA, which would be in favour of a Urnfield/North Carpathian origin.
What I find interesting is the quite solid number of Caucasians popping up recently, especially Armenians. This too needs to be explained, with a Greek connection, with a steppe one - the Cimmerians and Thraco-Cimmerian horizon seems to have had a Caucasian connection, but that seems not sufficient. Also I think that actual Celtic dispersals could have brought (back?) some V13 Balkan lineages too, unless its a massive sampling bias.
Really there is little proof for any sort of massive Balkan -> North European migration based on YFull results, not at all. Because most Balkan lineages seem to be postdating the LBA, also starting in the EIA and spread primarily regionally - not much beyond.
Even more suprising is a fairly close connection to the Caucasus, especially Armenians dated to the Iron Age. Anyone with suggestions on that, going beyond of what I already wrote? We know from the Chinese samples that V13 made it to East Asia, at which time is unknown, but surely coming from the steppe. Yet I don't have it on the radar for the steppe people in general, but rather specific groups. The Caucasian connection might prove to be more important, I didn't read anything about it so far?
That was before NGS-testing:
Gardman, Lake Van and Sasun, respectively) in the four Armenian populations consists almost entirely of haplogroup E1b1b1c1*-M34. However, a small number of individuals from Lake Van belong to the E1b1b1a*-M78 (0.9%), E1b1b1a2-V13 (1.9%) and E1b1b1a3-V22 (0.9%) branches that have been implicated as signals of Greek influence.
https://www.nature.com/articles/ejhg2011192
Armenians seem to be more diverse:
https://www.familytreedna.com/public/ArmeniaDNAProject?iframe=yresults
Probably there is more to it than just later Greek influences, or is it just because they are better tested than Greeks?
Also, E-V13 FGC33621 might have a clear connection to Urnfield. The Greek is from Crete, but it's noted that there are Macedonian Greeks belonging to FGC33621 as well.
https://i.imgur.com/8jNr9IT.jpg
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/UrnfieldCulture.jpg
Dear Riverman, most of tested Armenians traced to eastern areas of Anatolia and therefore they have relatively high percentage of E-V13.
E-V13 is extremely rare in all ethnic groups of Transcaucasia.
Ok, so the study was right about the Lake Van samples being more V13.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake_Van
Otherwise the Lake Van Armenians are not that different from other Armenian samples going after the old Nature study.
So, rafc how is the new paper going, when are you going to publish your updated viewpoint?
I think the data from the study on the Germanisation of the German Eastern provinces is highly interesting, because it lists some haplogroups frequencies. For general E the percentages are:
East Prussia 2,2
West Prussia 6,7
Pomerania 3,1
Poznań/Posen region 5,8
Silesia 8,7
Brandenburg 5,1
Mecklenburg 3,6
Saxony 11,7
Thuringia 8,8
Saxony (Prussian) 6,5
Schleswig-Holstein 4,4
Lower Saxony 4,2
Franconia 6,6
Total 5,8
From: https://www.academia.edu/44787816/THE_EARLY_MEDIAEVAL_SLAV_GERMAN_BORDER_LIMES_SORAB ICUS_IN_THE_LIGHT_OF_RESEARCH_INTO_Y_CHROMOSOME_PO LYMORPHISM_IN_CONTEMPORARY_AND_HISTORICAL_GERMAN_P OPULATIONS
I thought its interesting that, according to these numbers, there is quite some concentration of haplogroup E in the Central regions of Thuringia, Silesia and Saxony, comparable to the numbers reported from Austria and the Czech Republic. And I guess the proportion of E-V13 will be 2:1 to 3:1 within haplogroup E for these regions.
I wrote about the Central German groups, probably para-Celtic or independent, unknown IE, between Germanic Jastorf and La Tene Celts. Looking at all the numbers I wonder whether these Central German groups and the Eastern Celts had higher numbers for E1b, both. Interestingly the distribution of E1b is largely independent from direct Roman settlement and the R1b/I1 : R1a ratio and also no clear one to J. The best correlation is with G actually. So its looks, to me, and at first look, rather "old autochthonous". But of course, only ancient DNA and more complete analyses with higher resolutions can help in this respect.
EDIT: The author used FTDNA as a source:
Source: author’s own elaboration on the basis of FTDNA data
So not sure how reliable it is in detail, whether he checked all the ethnicities.
What about Bavaria and Baden-Wurtemberg? I think since they make up southern germany they are very important to include as they likely have higher e % since more e is in southern europe
The problem with E-V13 is that during the whole Neolithic up until Middle Bronze Age both his ancestors E-L618 and E-V13 was relatively present at very low percentages, which didn't contribute into European genepoole more than ~1-2%, that changes in Middle Bronze Age though. The problem is to find the origin of expansion, it's very tough. I agreed before on Southern Balkan origin, but looks to me unlikely. I still have room to expect E-V13 in the Balkans but i very much doubt it, and it looks like majority of people are agreeing in this.
E-V13 appeared in North/Central Balkans during Middle Bronze Age and in Southern Balkans mainly during Late Bronze Age. But, what is the zero point of starting of the expansion, that's unknown so far. The spread within Urnfield cultural complex during LBA makes sense.
Unfortunately, there was no data provided. I can just say that going by the data from FTDNA, E-V13 is very diverse in Baden-Württemberg. How much of this was Celtic, Roman, Imperial Roman from various provinces or Germanic is hard to determine at this point. But I think a large portion will be found among early Celts already. Especially German Switzerland might prove to be an interesting place and investigation too, the percentage and diversity looks high at first glance, but that might be misleading without more data.
Im new here!
I was tested at ysec and my result is E-FGC44177. I am still researching my paternal ancestors with great force, but I have very little information about them. For the time being, it is only certain that my grandfather was entirely Hungarian, born in Fibis in Transylvania in 1916, which is part of the Banat region.
I would recommend you to upload to YFULL.
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-FGC44177*/
So far there are three branches it seems, one Near Eastern-Jewish, one Germanic or Germanic-Slavic and one Romane or Romance-Germanic if interpreting it very freely.
crazyladybutterfly
That haplogroup is anything but roman/Latin .
I agree on greek.
Only Greek mediated for some lineages, originally closest related to Proto-Daco-Thracian, but early spreads into Illyrian, Celtic and possibly Greek, most likely through Urnfield expansions, with a substantial presence in Eastern Hallstatt.
Thank you very much for your advice! But unfortunately I can't upload my results because ysex didn't give raw data. And I don’t belong to any of the threads mentioned because they all became negative for me. If you know what I mean.
Thank you very much for your advice! But unfortunately I can't upload my results because ysex didn't give raw data. And I don’t belong to any of those threads because they all became negative to me. If you know what I mean.
Can you expand to analyse your private SNP's? Because honestly, that's the most interesting part, since you can found a new lineage or explore closer matches. Most of the established subclades are, especially for E-V13, quite old and beyond historical ethnicities for the most part.
Yes it will be possible to order a full phologenetic analysis but it is quite expensive. It is my intention because it is very important and I am very interested in it, but I have to save so much money.
My huge desire is to be able to connect the archaeological ages with the migration of my paternal bloodline. To determine what kind of culture they belonged to in a given historical period and when and when they became part of the Hungarian society in Transylvania
But as a first step, I would really like to know if the current E-ft44177 was really created in Asia Minor.
And did my ancestors, indeed, belong to the community of sea peoples of this or some other culture?
These questions are very interested for me for now.
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Monday, May 25, 2020, 14:15
Plusz bond weekly sales up
The latest weekly sales of the Hungarian Government Securities Plusz bonds for retail investors reached HUF 40.3 billion, up from HUF 32.9 bln in the previous week, data released by the Government Debt Management Agency (ÁKK) on Monday show, state news wire MTI reports.
Image: Shutterstock.com
Weekly sales had slipped to HUF 20 bln-25 bln in the weeks after lockdown measures were introduced in March to contain the spread of the coronavirus. They recovered in the second part of April to hover between HUF 33 bln and 53 bln in the past five weeks.
Total subscription of the bond, launched in June of last year, now stands at HUF 4.145 trillion.
The Plusz bond, which pays an annualized yield of 4.95% if held for the full five-year maturity, has attracted record demand among retail investors in Hungary, taking some of the heat off the real estate market where home prices, especially in the capital, had earlier risen faster than anywhere in the European Union.
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Attendance Awareness Campaign 2020
Video/Multimedia
Attendance Awareness Campaign Updates
Community News 2019
Using Technologies + Apps to Promote Better Attendance!
Home / Using Technologies + Apps to Promote Better Attendance!
September 2, 2020 /Uncategorized/Phyllis Jordan
The number of messages sent between schools, teachers and families exploded when schools closed last spring. Communications sent home are often split across an array of channels – websites, Facebook messages, phone calls, emails or text messages. While these methods are great options, new technology applications designed to communicate with families can reduce the administrative burden on leaders, staff and teachers.
What’s more, education apps or platforms that automate messages to families, alert them to schedule changes and connect them to resources also can be used to encourage improved attendance. While Attendance Works does not endorse commercial products, this blog offers a few examples of how new technology and apps can be leveraged to promote better attendance despite the challenges of Covid-19.
Many messaging platforms offer a basic service free of charge to teachers or schools, a real help today when many states and districts are cutting education funding. Free messaging services include Bloomz, ClassDojo and more. More complex services, including tailoring attendance interventions for individual students, or organization-wide messaging are available for a fee.
Most offer two-way messaging – using an online platform or software – so educators can communicate directly with students and families by text or an app, often without revealing personal contact information. Sending messages by text can improve the chances of the information being read, since many people have their phones at their side all day long.
The technology can easily deliver universal attendance supports that help build relationships among the school community. For example, one school sends daily motivational quotes to students to help them get to school, especially useful when parents are at work before kids are up in the morning.
Below are three services that are designed to help reduce absenteeism.
Before Covid-19, AllHere, a Boston-based company, focused on helping schools improve attendance by making sure educators were working with the right intervention for each individual student – work that was usually in person. When school buildings closed last spring, AllHere moved its approach to digital. The company developed AI-driven chatbots that “provide the information, resources, and self-motivation to nudge students and families — whether in the classroom, home, or both —to keep learning going,” the company says.
AllHere’s chatbot uses text messaging to improve attendance, based on research and techniques by Peter Bergman, Assistant Professor at Columbia University. AllHere acquired Bergman’s “EdNudge” technology and techniques that use text messages sent to families. This approach has been proven through randomized control trial studies to reduce chronic absenteeism by 17%. The program requires minimal district staff time and no involvement of school-based staff, said Cynthia Rogan with AllHere. Watch the September 1, 2020 webinar with AllHere and Attendance Works.
EveryDay Labs applies behavioral science, data analytics, and research to develop and refine strategies to reduce absenteeism. The platform, now used in 2,800 schools, partners with districts to develop a messaging program based on the district’s calendar, and a tailored intervention program. The tool expands on the absence report intervention developed by Todd Rogers, Professor of Public Policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. The absence reports have been shown to reduce absences by 12% in one week. Watch our August 19, 20202 webinar with Todd Rogers.
The EveryDay Labs program analyzes districts’ attendance data and automatically enrolls families as their students become at risk of learning loss due to absenteeism. Like other tools, Everyday Labs uses automated chatbots, an artificial intelligence (AI) software. A short question and answer chat helps narrow in on why a student is missing school, such as a lack of food or digital access, and connects the family with resources provided by the district.
San-Francisco-based Remind’s two-way platform for educators, students, and families, is free to use at the classroom level. Teachers can send announcements and have individual conversations with families. Users can attach files, images and links, and can integrate with apps such as Google Drive, Microsoft OneDrive and SurveyMonkey.
Educators should think of the two-way communications “as a resource you can leverage to build those attendance interventions,” such as universal supports or positive engagement, “not just as a channel for delivering them,” says Jennifer Liu with Remind.
The company developed an attendance guide, with sections based on the Attendance Works strategies, to help administrators develop plans for tackling chronic absence. Remind also offers enhanced features with their paid plan. Watch the August, 2020 webinar with Remind and Attendance Works.
Count Us In! Toolkit 2019
Host a house party
Copyright Attendance Works 2018
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For Tiny Londoners & Their Adults
Europe Guide
Out-of-Town Guide
Local Parents
Bablands July 9, 2020 Hangouts
Check out London’s other monochrome soft play at Childsplay Tooting
Childsplay is now permanently closed.
What?: Everything about this place sounded promising. There was the tasteful monochrome soft-play structure a la Barking’s The Idol. There was the on-site wellness spa. I’m still not entirely sure what a brasserie is but this place claimed to have a “premium” one. It sounded like a frigging dream come true, but the really bizarre thing was that I’d heard it from three entirely separate sources that it was um… not great. Oddly though, no one seemed to be able to pinpoint what exactly it was about this place that was off, aside from the food not being good and the vibe being weird. To be honest this made me much more intrigued than if everyone had told me it was incredible and I was keen to try it for myself, but still understandably terrified.
Actually the service here is so bad it’s kind of comical. In fact I thought it might have been closed on the day we visited even though the doors were open since the guy on the desk asked “can I help you?” like it was a synonym of “go fuck yourself”. Said guy then proceeded to charge me twice for an already extortionately priced play session, two thimbles of mediocre coffee and a stale cake; roll his eyes when I showed him the mistake on my banking app; offer no apology other than “I hate this till”; and finally grudgingly explain to me that the outstanding £17.50 would be credited to my account within five working days. Actually he did eventually apologise, but only when I told him that all of this was extremely annoying. I complained to (presumably) the owner five working days later when the refund still hadn’t happened and in fairness she was very apologetic and offered me a free play session the following weekend, but I politely declined because argh.
So, the “brasserie”. I just Googled the word brasserie because, like I said, I don’t really know what it means (it’s always just made me think of brass and bras and it’s unlikely either has anything to do with it) but as it turns out Google doesn’t really seem to know either, so then I Google Imaged the word brasserie and it confirmed the vague sense I had that brasseries are sort of fancy and mostly involve napkins and yeah, this place ain’t a brasserie. So what is it then? A play cafe with soft play and a couple of treatment rooms? Well, yeah. And tbh what’s wrong with that? The staff might be horrific but it’s actually an alright little play centre, with decent soft play, as soft play goes; a cute baby area within the soft play; a separate little house play area and a massive covered garden at the back containing another play area – the latter of which needed a bit of TLC, but it was still pretty cool. Actually the kids loved it, because why wouldn’t they? No one had tried to sell it to them as a brasserie and member-centric family wellness spa.
Ok so I didn’t actually try out this “spa”, which as far as I could see consisted of a couple of sheds out in the garden (and I didn’t want to either after seeing the way my mate on the front desk spoke to the poor woman who’d come for a relaxing massage); and I didn’t try the food. But, based on the fairly uncomfortable hour I spent here watching my kids play and thinking about what I was going to write in my review (given that I feel bad being mean about small businesses but also I’m giving you my money so could you at least try and make our experience not shit), my biggest annoyance about this place is the way it’s hyped up to be something it clearly isn’t. It’s not a “premium brasserie”, as its website would have you believe, nor does it contain “Montessori play zones” or have a “lovable, caring and enchanting aesthetic”, whatever the hell that means. Kids will probably have a nice time here. It’s a perfectly fine play cafe that also offers treatments if you’re lucky enough to have someone around to look after your kids while you indulge, and if it would just accept that that’s all it is – that and fire its team of half-arsed staff – it would be absolutely fine. As it is, and apparently it’s fucking Champney’s, it’s well… not great.
Where?: Childsplay can be found at Unit 2, 4 Gatton Road, Tooting and is a four-minute walk from Tooting Broadway tube.
Best Bits: The play areas are cool and I do love me some black and white soft play.
Worst Bits: The staff. Everything else is salvageable… ish.
Facilities: Cafe, baby changing, step-free access, play areas, treatment rooms.
Price: It doesn’t say on the website but I think it was around £6 for Babu and £3 for Roma
Would We Come Back?: God no.
www.childsplay.london
Babu swings in the outdoor play area at Childsplay Tooting.
Posted in Hangouts and tagged Activities, Bablands, baby, Cafe, Classes, Coffee, Drink, Events, Family, Food, Garden, Hangouts, kids, Lifestyle, Outdoors, Parties, Play, Play Area, Play Cafe, Rainy Day, Restaurant, Soft Play, South London, South West London, SW17, Toddler, Tooting, Toys, Wine. Bookmark the permalink.
Bablands is a resource for Londoners who find themselves with a small creature to dress up and entertain. Part-magazine, part-guide, Bablands follows the adventures of Bab as she seeks out London's coolest kids' shops, best child-friendly hangouts and under-fives activities that won't make mummy want to gauge her eyes out with a weaning spoon.
London's coolest playgrounds by area
Take a stroll through a deep dark wood on the Horsenden Hill Gruffalo Trail
Seven of the coolest independent children's shops in London
Explore a candy-themed soft-play wonderland at Bella Boos
Visit ZSL London Zoo and experience the animal magic without the crowds
Seven rainy-day hangouts for accident-prone toddlers
100 cool things to do with babies and toddlers in London
Find Winnie the Pooh in 100 Aker Wood at Aldenham Country Park
Seven London play cafes that are actually open right now
20 awesome things to do with your little Londoners in December 2020
Bablands on Instagram
Enjoy a chilled day of food, films and play at a Maggie & Rose Family Club
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Are We In For A Team Blake Three-Peat?
Could Blake Shelton three-peat on The Voice?
It certainly looks that way after this week’s results eliminated his biggest competition, and left all the show’s other coaches – Adam Levine, Shakira and Usher – each with only one artist to pin their hopes on.
Team Adam’s Judith Hill and Sarah Simmons, who both turned four chairs in their blind auditions and were each considered possible winners, were sent home on Tuesday. Their exits mean that the only Team Adam singer left is Amber Carrington. Amber is actually a country artist, as Blake has mentioned several times on the show, including this week.
Shakira has only Sasha Allen and Usher is counting on just Michelle Chamuel.
Meanwhile, Blake has all three of the acts he brought to the Top 10 – Danielle Bradbery, Holly Tucker and The Swon Brothers. If you’re doing the math, that means there’s a 50% chance that a Team Blake artist will be the new Voice champion, with each of the other three coaches having a just slightly better than 16% shot.
Danielle has long been considered another favorite, and with Judith’s departure, becomes the new best bet. This week, she was again referred to as a potential huge star in country music following her performance of The Judds’ song “Grandpa.”
Since two artists are dropped from the show each week, the worst-case scenario is that The Voice sees two of its coaches taken out of contention in the same night. It wouldn’t be unheard of: last season’s finale was also Team Blake-heavy, with two of the three finalists being from that group.
If one of Team Blake’s three artists does in fact earn the season title, it will be the third time in four seasons that the country music star has been The Voice‘s winning coach. He led Cassadee Pope to victory last December and before that, Jermaine Paul won last May. (The show’s first winner, Javier Colon, was from Team Adam.)
However, it’s worth noting that audiences haven’t yet seen how Blake’s picks perform in the music industry. Cassadee Pope signed her record deal and has been on tour with Rascal Flatts and The Band Perry, but is still working on post-show music. As for Jermaine Paul, he’s released only two singles since being crowned the champ, and one was a cover. His album “Finally” still doesn’t have a definite release date.
Fans will find out if anyone can stop Team Blake when The Voice continues next Monday. In the meantime, you can join Blake, Usher and a slew of other musical guests including Reba McEntire and OneRepublic’s Ryan Tedder as NBC broadcasts Blake’s “Healing the Heartland” concert to benefit disaster victims in Oklahoma. The special will air tonight at 9 PM ET/PT on NBC and several NBCUniversal cable channels.
(c)2013 Brittany Frederick/Big Red Chairs. Excerpts appear at Starpulse and Examiner with permission. All rights reserved. No reproduction permitted. Visit my official website and follow me on Twitter at @bigredchairs.
Posted in The Voice Season 4Tagged Blake Shelton, Season 4, Team Blake, The VoiceBy Brittany Frederick2 Comments
2 thoughts on “Are We In For A Team Blake Three-Peat?”
Blake should be given a hiatus from the Voice so true talent could win 😦
mosolomon says:
Clearly a race between Danielle and Michelle, who have won their loyal fan bases, unless Sasha can manage to find a sweet spot in her song choices. Amber should stick with the “go big or go home” strategy. James Bond was bold and I loved it. I didn’t care for either of Sasha’s or Sarah’s song choices, this week. They need to stop repeating songs from prior seasons. I kept comparing Sarah’s performance to Lindsey’s, and Sasha’s to Erin’s (both from s2). Poor Shakira, I submitted a couple song requests to Sasha’s Facebook page. Big and dramatic stuff, better suited for a big stage singer than an Usher tune. We’ll see. Ah, the internet is afire with Adam’s open-mic remark, this morning…
← ‘The Voice’ Celebrates Memorial Day
Postmortem: Season 4 Live Playoffs, May 27-28 →
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The Sturgis Motorcycle Rally 2012
by admin1 | Aug 19, 2011
Jeff Bridges performs at the Legendary Buffalo Chip
The 2011 Sturgis Motorcycle Rally just ended and yes, I am already looking forward to 2012. I have been working for Russ Brown Motorcycle Attorneys® now for over three years and the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally is one of my favorite to attend.
What makes the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally so unique?
There is so many facets to the Sturgis Bike Rally that the best place to probably start is with the people. Not only are the local people incredibly nice but all the bikers that attend the rally are great.
The Buffalo Chip, Sturgis South Dakota is the place to be!
2011 was my first year staying at the Legendary Buffalo Chip (with Russ Brown Motorcycle Attorneys®) and it wont be my last. It was great being so close to all the great entertainment that the Buffalo Chip is known for plus all those great people mentioned above. This past rally saw great musical acts including Alice Cooper, Def Leppard, Buckcherry, Toby Keith, Poison and many more. A great surprise for me was how fantastic Jeff Bridges and his band was. I know he is a great actor but I have never seen him perform as a musician.
What makes the Buffalo Chip a unique concert venue is also the fact you can drive your motorcycle or golf cart into the amphitheater and watch the concert sitting on your bike. And when it comes time to get the performing act to do an encore, you just rev up your bike.
While at the Buffalo Chip don’t forget to try the Pork Parfait and the Donut Cheeseburger. Both are fantastic additions to your rally diet. Okay, that may not be true but you need to at least try them. The pulled pork available at the Buffalo Chip and in Sturgis is pretty good!
Wine tasting in South Dakota.
I was surprised to find that you can make a day of wine tasting during the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally. Our first stop was Prairie Berry Winery. The food here is fantastic and I am a big fan of their red wines. The Rimrock, a full-bodied, dark red Zinfandel and South Dakota River Grape wine was the one I enjoyed. Fellow BAMer (free breakdown and legal assistance for motorcyclists), Roz preferred the Calamity Jane, a sweet and fruity Concord grape wine that tastes like grape juice. Ha, figures Roz would love a wine with ‘Calamity’ in the title.
Wine tasting during Sturgis Motorcycle Rally South Dakota
Naked Wine Tasting during the Sturgis Motorcycle Rally
Across the road from Prairie Berry is the Naked Winery. With wines named Cougar, Dominatrix, Missionary and Penetration, how can you not have fun. When we were done with the regular tasting we requested a taste of the Climax Chardonnay and were told they were out of that. We suggested they create a new wine called ‘Frustration’ for those times they are out of the Climax. Let’s see if they have that next year. We also popped in to Belle Joli on Main St in Deadwood. Fantastic whites!
There is so much more to plan for Sturgis 2012. Mount Rushmore, Spearfish, Deadwood, etc and other great riding areas. The Legends Ride, a great fundraiser put on by the Buffalo Chip, concerts and, of course, the people.
Russ Brown Motorcycle Attorneys® and BAM, Free Breakdown and Legal Assistance for Motorcyclists will be in Sturgis, August 2012. Stay tuned for what motorcycle lawyer Russ Brown and his BAM team have in store.
Ride Safe and see you in August.
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Born Free Motorcycle Show 2019
Women’s Sportbike Rally Returns for 15th Annual Event Celebrating Women Who Ride
A Guy Named Bob Marshall: An American Road Runner
Snell Foundation – Certifying Helmets to Help Motorcyclists Stay Safe
Vets for Vets Fundraiser: A Great Time In Tombstone
Harold T. was hit by a State vehicle, while working as a motorcycle escort for a funeral. The State employee cut through an opening in the funeral procession as he was riding alongside in order to get to his next traffic control post. Harold broke his knee and foot and tore his rotator cuff in the accident. He later developed excruciating pain in his legs. His orthopedist suspected CRPS, which is a peripheral nerve disorder that usually occurs after a traumatic event. We retained a CRPS specialist who, after much testing, confirmed the diagnosis and placed him in a multi-disciplinary pain management program, which helped him tolerate the chronic, stubborn pain. The insurance defense doctor said Harold did not have CPRS and, essentially, that he was faking, and required neither treatment nor medication. The first offer by the State was $100,000. We settled the case at a second mediation, shortly before trial, for $2,500,000.
Andre M. was badly injured by a motorist who failed to yield while making a left turn. He spent the next 11 months in and out of surgeries and confined to a wheelchair. Andre was immobilized, unable to provide for himself or his family, all while his expenses and staggering medical bills grew exponentially. The Defense tried every trick they could to tarnish the viability of Andre’s claim. They even called Andre’s mother to try and have her convince Andre to accept their low ball offers. The Defense alleged that his injuries were exaggerated due to pre-existing medical conditions, that he was drunk or high at the time of the accident, and that he was travelling at an excessive speed. None of these allegations had merit, nor were they supported by the evidence. All the defense arguments failed at mediation and the case settled for $2.25 million.
Janusz Z. was broadsided by a construction truck that failed to yield after stopping at a stop sign. Janusz did not have a stop sign and had the right of way. Hit full-on by a large truck, Janusz sustained severe crush injuries to his feet and ankles, a fractured hip, knee, ribs, and a liver laceration. He was in the hospital for 33 days. The severity of his injuries left Janusz permanently disabled–unable to return to work, provide for his family or live the very physical life he had enjoyed before the accident. An insurance company investigator visited Janusz in the Emergency Room to get a statement while he was heavily medicated, shortly after the accident. From the outset, the insurance company took the incredible stance that the accident was Janusz’ fault, and that he was grossly exaggerating his injuries. They denied all liability. They hired a private investigator right after the accident, before he even retained legal counsel, who followed and videoed Janusz for a total of 300 days, in an attempt to prove he was not truly injured. We fought tooth and nail to force a timely and fair settlement but ultimately had no choice but to go to trial. In the courtroom Defense counsel painted Janusz as a faker and malingerer but we presented the jury with the best expert witnesses, accident reconstructionist and skilled trial attorneys. Four years after the accident, the jury returned a verdict of $19,466,000 for Janusz.
Lauren B. was the passenger on a motorcycle when a piece of equipment that was not properly secured, fell off of the vehicle driving in front of them. The motorcycle swerved to avoid being struck and passenger Lauren B. was ejected in the subsequent crash. She sustained a fractured ankle and later developed Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) in the lower part of her leg. CRPS is a serious medical condition caused by severe damage to the nerves, an injury that we are very familiar with but that insurance companies often refuse to acknowledge. The pain from CRPS is intense and chronic but not easy to prove. The insurance company refused the claim outright and the adjuster would not even pay for the damage to the motorcycle. We filed suit early on to protect Lauren’s interests and upon further investigation found that the vehicle had a known defect. Despite receiving recall notices to fix the problem, repairs were never made even though they were very inexpensive. This discovery along with the extensive damage to Lauren’s health and well-being after the accident resulted in a settlement of $3.5 million.
Mario C. was riding his motorcycle in the middle of 3 lanes of a surface street when a car pulled out of a gas station on his right and continued into his lane in front of him without signaling. Mario braked, locked up and went down with his bike landing on his leg. He sustained a broken knee and required surgery. The insurance company adjuster accepted, then denied, liability and did not accept that the degree of damage to Mario’s knee was that extensive. The final insurance offer was $137,000. We advised Mario not to settle for that amount and took the case to trial. The jury returned a verdict of $1.2 million. We also collected costs of more than $64,000 and more than $50,000 in additional interest.
James C. was riding his motorcycle on a surface street in the left lane when a pickup truck pulled out of a side street on his right and crossed into his lane, side swiping him and pushing him into oncoming lanes where he crashed at the curb. He suffered multiple orthopedic injuries from which he ultimately recovered, but he also suffered a head injury that continued to be problematic, affecting his daily life in subtle ways. The insurance company disputed the nature and extent of the head injury. The original offer was for $300,000, for the orthopedic injuries. We advised James to reject the offer and retained a neuropsychologist who conducted two days of testing on James. The results confirmed that James had suffered a traumatic brain injury. We also took the depositions of a close co-worker and James’ wife, who testified convincingly about the changes in James’ personality. The insurance company case settled shortly thereafter for the $1,000,000 policy limits.
Debra H. was riding her motorcycle on HWY 395 when a motorist, distracted by scenery, rear ended her. Debra and her bike were pushed approximately 30 feet before the bike flipped onto its side, then slid an additional 120 feet along the roadway before finally coming to a stop at the shoulder. After interviewing the parties and two witnesses as well as examining the physical evidence–the police officer on the scene concluded that the other motorist was solely at fault. Nevertheless, the insurance company challenged Debra’s extensive injuries. We refused to back down and fought for the value of Debra’s case. In the end, the insurance company agreed to tender the full $1 million policy limits.
Roberto R. had an accident with a lit-up California Highway Patrol officer. He initially signed with a competitor, who mishandled his Motorcycle Accident Injury Case. They did not file the government claim form correctly, then decided he had no case to pursue, telling Roberto the circumstances were “too complicated” and there was “no value” to his case. This injured rider was a club member and had stopped treating for his injuries for several reasons. He was left hanging with not a lot of time. Luckily, he came to us for a second opinion. It was immediately apparent that the facts had not been properly assessed and the other firm was discouraged at the challenge of proving the law enforcement officer was at fault. Upon our investigation, the officer’s own department agreed he was responsible for the accident. We were able to secure our client the proper medical treatment so he was able to fully recover physically. If he not called us and just listened to what our competition said he would have been out a $275,000 settlement and been permanently injured.
Pavlin Z. was riding a 50 cc Honda scooter along the curb in San Francisco and suffered a tibial plateau knee fracture when an SUV in the number one lane changed lanes and cut him off. There was no contact between the scooter and the SUV; Pavlin hit the curb trying to avoid being hit by the SUV. The investigating officer faulted the scooter rider entirely. The SUV driver was named only as a witness in the Traffic Collision Report rather than as an involved party. Further, another witness on the Traffic Collision Report was unfavorable to Pavlin. The insurance company denied the claim outright and we filed suit immediately. In Discovery, we established that the witness did not have a clear view of the accident, and while the SUV passenger saw the scooter, the SUV driver did not. The “facts” of the case were effectively reversed with this new information and the case settled 11 days before trial for $1,400,000.
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From the editors, COVID-19
The COVID-19 XPRIZE and the need for scalable, fast, and widespread testing
An open COVID-19 XPRIZE testing competition, OpenCovidScreen, is launched seeking to identify cheap, high-quality, scalable solutions to SARS-CoV-2 testing.
Chief Editor, Nature Biotechnology, Nature Publishing Group
Posted on behalf of:
Matthew J. MacKay, Anna Hooker, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo, Marc Salit, Jason Kelly, Jonathan V. Feldstein, Nick Haft, Doug Schenkel, Subbu Nambi, Patrick Cai, Feng Zhang, George Church, Junbiao Dai, Cliff L. Wang, Jeff Huber, Hanlee Ji, Alison Kriegel, Anne L. Wyllie & Christopher E. Mason (affiliations provided below)
To the Editor — The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) and Instructions for Use (IFU) documents outlining the current approved virology tests for SARS-CoV-2 are largely unstandardized. As such, there remains an urgent need for a searchable interface allowing exploration of standardized information reported in these EUA and IFU documents. To gain an improved understanding of the current testing landscape and to galvanize future test development, we present here an online tool (http://www.resiliencehealth.com/tests) that profiles current and emerging virology tests for detecting SARS-CoV-2 (Fig. 1). We also call on the research community to respond to an open COVID-19 XPRIZE competition, OpenCovidScreen, seeking to identify cheap, high-quality, scalable testing solutions.
Fig. 1 | EUA Virology test types. a, Cumulative number of EUA virology tests approved from February to July 2020. b, Limit of detection (LoD) for tests that reported copies/mL or copies/mL (presented in copies/mL throughout). c, EUA virology test targets. SARS-CoV-2 5¢à3¢ genome4 on horizontal axis, with tests on the vertical axis and colors indicating whether the test has one target (red) or multiple targets (brown) in the specified region. Each line indicates a test source (company or university). If an EUA reported different LoDs for different targets, sample types or methods, each is displayed as a separate row. NGS, next-generation sequencing; NAAT, nucleic acid amplification test; LFA, lateral flow assay; RT, reverse transcription; ddPCR, Droplet Digital PCR; dPCR, digital PCR; qPCR, quantitative PCR.
As of 27 July 2020, an analysis of the FDA data on EUA SARS-CoV-2 virology tests reveal a wide range of limit of detection (LoD), spanning >5 orders of log10 differences. These metrics are of critical importance because each 10-fold increase in the LoD of a COVID-19 viral diagnostic test is expected to increase the false negative rate by 13%1.
Beyond this variable performance reported in IFUs for EUA tests, key attributes of many tests, such as primer sequences, protocol steps or viral gene targets, are either unclear or missing. Also, most approved EUAs use large multipliers (2- to 200-fold) on their own LoD for contrived or clinical samples to pass the minimum threshold for approval, based on a 95% positive/negative percentage agreement across at least 30 positive and 30 negative samples. As submissions stand, it is difficult to directly compare results and even understand how a test will actually translate into real-world or clinical settings.
Moreover, there has not been an independent assessment of these tests’ abilities or a comprehensive benchmarking of their strengths and weaknesses in different clinical settings, nor a consistent sample type (for example, nasopharyngeal, nasal, saliva) used across the EUAs. Thus, a comprehensive benchmarking effort on all methods on the market would be helpful, similar to ones conducting head-to-head studies of serological tests2 and other sites that annotate and analyze some of these tests, such as FindDx (https://www.finddx.org/), the US National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST)’s Rapid Microbial Testing Methods Consortium (https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/nist-rapid-microbial-testing-methods-consortium) and the COVID-19 Testing Project (https://covidtestingproject.org/index.html).
However, even if all current EUA tests for the SARS-CoV-2 virus performed with >95% sensitivity and >95% specificity, their combined capacities would still fall short of enabling large-scale, ubiquitous temporal monitoring (tens of millions per day), involving samples with varying viral load and substrates3. Also, tests with a higher LoD would not be readily applicable to pooling strategies, in which samples are by definition diluted before testing. Even the lower LoD tests, while promising for pooling, have not had independent LoD assessments. Moreover, truly city-scale or even national-level testing to decrease and control infection rates would require fast turnaround times (test result in less than one day), easy processing, and a low cost (per test and capital expense), such that a consumer, employer or government body could easily pay for multiple tests a week for each person.
To address the above issues, we have designed the COVID-19 XPRIZE competition, OpenCovidScreen (https://opencovidscreen.org/), to identify economically viable, high-quality, scalable testing options (Fig. 2). After competitors are selected on the basis of their results, methods, cost, scalability and speed, they will then be sent blinded samples to analyze. Results will be uploaded to the XPRIZE site and analyzed for overall performance, LoD and false positives. The finalists, based on their overall methods, results and innovation, will go into the clinical validation round, in which OpenCovidScreen will follow the methods laid out by the competitors to assess the reproducibility of their results. Top teams from this validation round will be awarded a prize and selected to set up and deploy testing sites, wherein OpenCovidScreen will help scale their tests and expand them into more locations, as well as to coordinate with government, industry and non-profit efforts (for example, the NIH RADx Program and Testing for America; https://www.nih.gov/research-training/medical-research-initiatives/radx).
Fig. 2 | The XPRIZE/OpenCovidScreen competition. The OpenCovidScreen competition is intended to identify fast, scalable, and cheap SAR-CoV-2 virology tests through a series of phases, starting with submitting test and method information (top), a proficiency test including blinded samples, and a clinical validation phase (middle). The top competitors identified on the basis of their methods, results and scalability will then be chosen for deployment to enable widespread usage of their tests (bottom).
We invite readers to submit solutions for this XPRIZE, which is open to participants from all around the world (https://xprize.org/testing). This prize can serve as a springboard for both new and established technologies that can enable truly global viral testing and surveillance. Successful methods will depend on the availability of reagents, resources and automation, and as such, these metrics will also be used to identify the finalists. Winning methods will help regions increase testing capabilities by orders of magnitude and thus empower schools, businesses and cities to rapidly reopen safely, as well as pioneer technologies and platforms that can be used for future outbreaks. It is crucial to deploy rapid, scalable methods capable of tracking viruses to mitigate their detrimental impacts on society. All are encouraged to help in this fight.
Matthew J. MacKay1,2,3, Anna Hooker4, Ebrahim Afshinnekoo1,2,3, Marc Salit4, Jason Kelly5, Jonathan V. Feldstein6, Nick Haft6, Doug Schenkel7, Subbu Nambi7, Patrick Cai8, Feng Zhang9, George Church9, Junbiao Dai10, Cliff L. Wang11, Jeff Huber11, Hanlee Ji4,12, Alison Kriegel13, Anne L. Wyllie14 & Christopher E. Mason1,2,3,15†
1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. 2The HRH Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Bin Abdulaziz Alsaud Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA. 3The WorldQuant Initiative for Quantitative Prediction, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. 4Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA, USA. 5Ginkgo Bioworks, Cambridge, MA, USA. 6Resilience Health, New York, NY, USA. 7Cowen and Company, Boston, MA, USA. 8Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. 9Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA. 10Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China. 11OpenCovidScreen, San Francisco, CA, USA. 12Stanford Genome Technology Center West, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 13Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA. 14Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. 15The Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, New York, NY, USA.
†e-mail: chm2042@med.cornell.edu
Arnaout R. et al. SARS-CoV2 testing: the limit of detection matters. Preprint at bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.02.131144 (2020).
Whitman J. D. et al. Test performance evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 serological assays. Preprint at medRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.25.20074856 (2020).
The COVID-19 testing debacle. Nat. Biotechnol.38, 653 (2020).
Khailany, R. A., Safdar, M. & Ozaslan, M.. Gene Rep. 19, 100682 (2020).
We thank Scott A. Jackson, Peter M. Vallone, and Kenneth D. Cole from the National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST). We thank Testing for America (501c3) for their support, the OpenCovidScreen Foundation, Mayor Cory Mason, the Bert L and N Kuggie Vallee Foundation, Igor Tulchinsky and the WorldQuant Foundation, Bill Ackman and Olivia Flatto and the Pershing Square Sohn Cancer Research Alliance, Ken Griffin and Citadel, the US National Institutes of Health (R01AI125416, R21AI129851, R01AI151059), and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (G-2015-13964).
J.K. is cofounder and board member for Gingko Bioworks. C.E.M. is a cofounder and board member for Aevum, Biotia and Onegevity, as well as an advisor or compensated speaker for Abbvie, Acuamark Diagnostics, ArcBio, Bio-Rad, DNA Genotek, Genialis, Genpro, HomoDeus, Karius, Illumina, MilliporeSigma, Nanostring, New England Biolabs, Qiagen, Promega, Resilience Health, Tempus Labs, Whole Biome, and Zymo Research. A.H., H.J., C.E.M. and M.J.M. advise Resilience Health. J.H. is a board member or shareholder for Grail and Illumina. G.C. has conflicts: http://arep.med.harvard.edu/gmc/tech.html.
Broadening Biotech VC
Back to From the editors
First Rounders: Noubar Afeyan
Early Detection of COVID-19 at Scale Using Wearables
Behind the paper, COVID-19
Amir Bahmani
HUST-19 for predicting COVID-19 clinical outcomes
Yu Xue
Video - Introducing Nature Reviews Methods Primers
Nature Research
Sarah-Jane Baldock
Training grants available to early career researchers
Nature Research Comms Biology Comms Chem Comms Physics
From the editors, On the road
Samantha Zimbler and 1 other
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germusica
germusica's blog
WARNER DRIVE to release 4th album „Till The Wheels Fall Off“ on July 28, 2017!
Hinterlasse einen Kommentar Verfasst von Birgitt Schwanke - Juni 16, 2017
Dear press & radio,
please find below the key information about the next PR title:
Warner Drive – “Till The Wheels Fall Off” (Dead End Exit Records, out: July 28, 2017, style: Punk Rock/ Hard Rock)
Please send us your request for this release – the album is available in Haulix now, too!
WARNER DRIVE is an original rock based group from Hollywood, CA that features catchy riffs, a rock/punk edge, and an incredibly energetic performance. The group has built a reputations as relentless internationally touring act. Warner Drive has shared the stage with bands such as Jet, CKY, Saving Abel, Camp Freddy, Danko Jones, Imagine Dragons, The Plain White T’s, Yellowcard, Ratt, Steel Panther, Clutch, Graveyard, Mustache, Papa Roach, The Killers, Dead Sara, Royal Republic, and many more. Warner Drive has been hailed as a highlight of the Sunset Strip Music Festival where they tore up the Roxy stage for a sold out house.
At South By Southwest in Austin TX, Warner Drive took the festival by storm with six different showcases and packed venues every time that teamed with energy when they hit the stage. The group has also been a part of The Uproar Festival in the United States.
In addition, they have been touring Europe where they have played many festivals and their fan base has been rapidly growing. In fact, 2016 will mark their fifth year in a row of extensive European touring and the group was voted by their fans to play Sweden Rock Festival 2016, where they shared the stage with Queen, Twister Sister, Foreigner, Megadeth and Anthrax among many more. This was followed by a Swedish tour in August 2016 and many more United States dates to be added this year as well.
Prior to signing with Swedish record label Roasting House/Dead End Exit in 2016, Warner Drive had released three full length albums to date, selling over 15,000 copies in DIY fashion. Their first album, „Fully Loaded“, was produced By Mike Clink (Guns n Roses, Motley Crue, Megadeth), and James Michael (Alanis Morissette, The Deftones, SIXX:AM). Their second album, „K-Go!“, which was self-produced was followed by their third release, „City of Angels“. Produced by El Hefe (guitarist of NOFX and co-owner of Cyber Tracks), and mixed by Ryan Greene (Megadeth, Bad Religion), City of Angels was released in September 2014. Their fourth album will be released under Roasting House/Dead End Exit Records in July 2017.
Warner Drive will continue hitting everywhere from Los Angeles to Helsinki in 2017. Their momentum is taking them on a fast and furious ride down a road that is destined for international recognition and success.
Web: http://warnerdrive.com/
File Under: (punk rock, hard rock)
LINE-UP: JONNY LAW – VOCALS, RYAN HARRIS – GUITAR, JONNY UDELL – DRUMS, CANDICE LEVINSON – GUITAR, ELVIS JAMES – BASS
TRACKLIST: 01. My Devotion, 02. Don’t Give Up, 03. Drop Dead Gorgeous, 04. The Darkness, 05. Karma’s A Bitch, 06. Too Late For Sorry, 07. LA Psycho Chic, 08. Never Gonna Win, 09. Anthem Of The Douche, 10. You Make Me Smile
Warner Drive – „Anthem of the Douche“ Official Music Video: https://youtu.be/ttwEJMPT1pc
SELLING POINTS:
– Extensive touring in US and Europe, spring, summer and fall 2017
– Sync will be worked by BMG/RoastingHouse Music
– Sounds like: Royal Republic, Danko Jones, Rise Against
Label: deadendexit.com
← GerMusica Pr – 15th Anniversary! AOR HEAVEN announce new albums from LIONHEART & DA VINCI; release date set for both to August 25th, 2017! →
AOR HEAVEN announce new albums from LIONHEART & DA VINCI; release date set for both to August 25th, 2017!
GerMusica Pr – 15th Anniversary!
Bad Reputation veröffentlichen Chris Brockbank’s Phantom – „Phantom“!
SOUL SECRET sign to PRIDE & JOY MUSIC; new album „Babel“ to be released July 28th, 2017!
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NARNIA to start their tour today, re-issue of "Long Love The King" now released! For more detailed Infos, check narniatheband.com 1 year ago
New video & single from NARNIA released today: youtu.be/v2Ce6uazJL4 1 year ago
Narnia to release new Album on August 2nd, 2019! New single and Video available from today: youtu.be/P-SWNWLMfZQ 1 year ago
New lyric Video from DIVINER available NOW: youtu.be/0bYbRb8xSto 1 year ago
New video from Bonfire released today "American Nights" 2019: youtu.be/lwwTBeaDxWQ 1 year ago
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The New Obama Ad
Being shown in Indiana and North Carolina:
(alt. video link)
Posted by bjkeefe at 10:15 PM
Labels: obama
100 Years! 100 Years! 100 Years!
MoveOn.org has a new ad out that beats on the McCain "100 years" meme. For some reason, they don't want to allow it to be embedded, but it is up on YouTube. Watch here.
Update: They've removed the no-embed restriction. Here it is:
Labels: McSame
Elitism Update
Paul Krugman has a funny post related to one of the reasons real Americans hate us elites so much, trying to make the case that there's nothing wrong with liking arugula.
I posted a comment in response and noticed that the spell-checker built into Firefox did not recognize the word arugula. This struck me as funny, since I am of the impression that only bitter people cling to Internet Explorer. You'd think those elitist open-source DFHs at Mozilla would be all over this word.
In any case, I have added it to my personal spell-checker dictionary. I expect the RNC to be running a response ad momentarily, to show how this once again indicates how out of touch I am.
By the way -- best way to eat arugula? Wilted, on top of baked yams. Thanks to my sister MK, who introduced me to this delight.
My comment on PK's post didn't pass the censor (or maybe just hasn't been approved yet). For the record, I told him that his protestations were useless, since knowing what the British call arugula is even more elitist.
And let's be honest. In real life, he probably really says the word in French.
Labels: PK, wordplay
Caught On Tape: Clinton Campaign Push Polling
Ben Smith has some audio posted of a Clinton campaign push poll, recorded by the man who received the call and emailed it in to Politico. The sound is a little crappy at the beginning, but it clears up soon.
Shades of W in 2000, and other desperate, despicable, and dishonest politicians, I say.
(h/t: Mark Nickolas)
Posted by bjkeefe at 4:36 AM
Labels: hillno
Maybe I Should Hook My TV Back Up
Swiped from bean, who says:
No, no one would *ever* address our Supreme Court this way, nor would the Court let her or him. But, hey, a law student can dream.
Can't we all, bean. Can't we all.
Labels: vids
How Come I Never Get Any of These Emails?
Defective Yeti Matthew Baldwin has gathered up some Snopes links that address claims made about Barack Obama, usually by chain email. Among the more eyebrow-raising:
According to the Book of Revelations the anti-christ is: The anti-christ will be a man, in his 40s, of MUSLIM descent, who will deceive the nations with persuassive [sic] language, and have a MASSIVE Christ-like appeal.... the prophecy says that people will flock to him and he will promise false hope and world peace, and when he is in power, will destory [sic] everything. Is it OBAMA??
Amazing, Matthew notes, that the B of R was able to predict the religion of Islam half a millennium in advance.
I, for one, wonder if Obama's sinister plan to "destory" everything means book-burnings loom.
Goodnight, Moon.
Labels: obama, wingnuts
Rev. Wright Mercenary Watch
Nope, I didn't hear about these hearings, either.
Thanks for keeping me informed, Balloon Juice.
Two posts in a row with links to conservative blogs! What is this country coming to? gether?
Labels: WPE
Forbidden Fruit?
Following a link from Eponym in the Comments for another post, I saw this ad, right there on the National Review Online site:
(click pic to enlarge)
Given the mindset most of the NRO types have about "those people," I cannot think of any other explanation for the placement. Well, maybe money-grubbing.
Or, I suppose, it could be a sign of hope.
[added] The same ad doesn't necessarily show up on repeat visits, but it's well worth following the link anyway -- it's a short article by John Derbyshire, reacting to the movie Expelled, musing on what makes the IDiots such lying liars who lie, and basically ripping Ben Stein a sorely needed new one.
Labels: wingnuts
The Cognitive Surplus
Bill Simmon has an excerpt from a Clay Shirky talk about, among other things, the number of person-hours required to create Wikipedia, compared to the number of person-hours spent watching TV. Before you visit, try to guess how much TV would have to be given up to make Wikipedia, from scratch to what it is today. Fascinating stuff.
Bill's post has links to the video and transcript of Clay's talk.
[added] Just watched the video. It's about 15 minutes long, and it's quite good.
And if you like that video, you might also like this BloggingHeads.tv interview of Clay by Will Wilkinson, which focuses mostly on Clay's new book, Here Comes Everybody. Also recommended.
Labels: geekery, note-to-self
I'll Take Iraq for 100, Alex
According to Marc Ambinder*, the party that usually professes to hate "trial lawyers" is threatening legal action to stop the airing of this ad, produced by the DNC:
To be clear, the legal action has to do with alleged coordination between the DNC and one of the candidates, not the content. But it's obvious that they're trying anything they can think of to stop this one precisely because of the unforgettable quote.
The GOP's wailing and gnashing of teeth over "being quoted out of context" is nothing short of delicious. The fact that they can't beat this one down is even better.
* Permalink to the specific post is broken. Visit the home page of Marc's blog and scroll down to the post with the timestamp of 28 Apr 2008 02:07 pm.
Labels: McSame, vids
Swiped from Marc Ambinder:
More details and analysis on Marc's blog.
And to all you undecided superdelegates lurking on this blog: When you start considering the "electability" question when Hillary Clinton brings it up for the 4000th time, bear in mind the wrath of alienated youth. Play this one gift of the Bush legacy right, and you've got a whole new generation to fix the country with.
Labels: demdems, the kids are all right
McCain to Russia, China: You Kids Get the Hell off My Lawn
Fareed Zakaria reflects on John McCain's foreign policy proposals. Excerpt:
On March 26, McCain gave a speech on foreign policy in Los Angeles that was billed as his most comprehensive statement on the subject. It contained within it the most radical idea put forward by a major candidate for the presidency in 25 years. Yet almost no one noticed.
In his speech McCain proposed that the United States expel Russia from the G8, the group of advanced industrial countries. Moscow was included in this body in the 1990s to recognize and reward it for peacefully ending the cold war on Western terms, dismantling the Soviet empire and withdrawing from large chunks of the old Russian Empire as well. McCain also proposed that the United States should expand the G8 by taking in India and Brazil—but pointedly excluded China from the councils of power.
We have spent months debating Barack Obama's suggestion that he might, under some circumstances, meet with Iranians and Venezuelans. It is a sign of what is wrong with the foreign-policy debate that this idea is treated as a revolution in U.S. policy while McCain's proposal has barely registered. What McCain has announced is momentous—that the United States should adopt a policy of active exclusion and hostility toward two major global powers. It would reverse a decades-old bipartisan American policy of integrating these two countries into the global order, a policy that began under Richard Nixon (with Beijing) and continued under Ronald Reagan (with Moscow). It is a policy that would alienate many countries in Europe and Asia who would see it as an attempt by Washington to begin a new cold war.
One of these months, the Democrats will pick a nominee, so we can start paying attention to just how dumb and dangerous John McCain's ideas are.
(h/t: Matthew Yglesias)
Not for the Quaint of Heart
Andrew Sullivan asks: "Is The US Now A Non-Geneva State?"
Here's the lede:
The manner in which free societies lose their moral compass is always incremental. Step by step by step, certain core values are whittled away. There is rarely a moment at which a government stands up, and asks its people if they wish to abandon such "quaint" notions as the Geneva Conventions, the rule of law, humane interrogation or habeas corpus. These things are abandoned incrementally or secretly, slice by slice, euphemism by euphemism, the chronology always clearer in retrospect than at the time. And each incremental step is always portrayed as a small but essential temporary sacrifice for the sake of security in a time of great and imminent peril.
How's Mrs. Schlafly's Son's Little Project Coming Along?
Via PZ, here's the beginning of a recent entry:
Professor values refer to the common value system embraced by a large percentage of professors, just as Hollywood values refers to the common value system of many in Hollywood.
An extremely high percentage of professors disagree with conservative principles.[1][2] Professors' common value system typically includes atheism,[3] censorship, socialism, unjustified claims of expertise and knowledge (for example, the dogmatic promotion of the theory of evolution),[4] liberal beliefs,[5] liberal grading, liberal bias,[6] anti-patriotism, lack of productivity, bullying or discouraging conservative students (for example, homeschoolers),[7][8] and promotion of sexual immorality.[9][10]
Bonus sections include "Crimes by Professors" and "Immoral, Unethical or Bizarre Behavior."
What? You want more?
And, if you're not in a bad mood, the Wingnut World Book entry on Barack Obama is just jaw-dropping.
Happy Duke Ellington's Birthday
Passing along greetings from Sean, whose got some rare videos of the Duke posted over at his place, visible after a bit of scrolling down.
Labels: remembrances
We think of these crises [Wright, lapel pin] as a test for Obama, but as things are currently playing out, they strike me as more of a test of our politics -- that is, of whether we are so fatally addicted to sideshows that we can't have a national election about even the most pressing national issues.
-- Roy Edroso
Sadly, I'm pretty sure we've already failed the test. For like the nineteenth time.
Labels: obama, OPW
"The Empty Talk Express"
Reed Hundt offers a well-document case against John McCain, centered around this thesis:
John McCain is setting a remarkable record: he is the major party Presidential nominee with the skimpiest policy platform since Warren Harding or perhaps Calvin Coolidge. He's making George Bush's year 2000 policy work look encyclopedic by comparison.
The large truth well-known to mainstream media in Washington and to the candidate's colleagues is that John McCain has a well-established record of intemperate opinions, inadequately thought-through positions, and ill-considered views.
Hundt focuses mostly on McCain's views, or more accurately, the lack of them, in the areas of high tech, telecommunications, and alternative energy. Well worth reading.
Good for you, Barack
Senator Hillary Rodham Clinton lined up with Senator John McCain, the presumptive Republican nominee for president, in endorsing a plan to suspend the federal excise tax on gasoline, 18.4 cents a gallon, for the summer travel season. But Senator Barack Obama, Mrs. Clinton’s Democratic rival, spoke out firmly against the proposal, saying it would save consumers little and do nothing to curtail oil consumption and imports.
At a meeting with voters in North Carolina on Monday, Mr. Obama said lifting the gas tax for three months would save the average consumer no more than $30, a figure confirmed by Congressional analysts. Mr. Obama has previously dismissed Mr. McCain’s proposal as a “scheme.”
“Half a tank of gas,” Mr. Obama told his audience. “That’s his big solution.”
Mr. McCain and Mrs. Clinton propose to suspend the tax from Memorial Day to Labor Day, the peak driving season, which would lower tax receipts by roughly $9 billion and potentially cost 300,000 highway construction jobs, according to state highway officials.
Once again, the correct and responsible call by Obama, while Clinton joins McCain in trumpeting a feel-good measure that offers little real benefit and extracts real costs.
Labels: hillno, obama
On the Internet, It Turns Out, Everybody Knows You're a Dog
This is just priceless.
Eric Kleefeld of TPM passes along this from Mark Nickolas: Terry McAuliffe, who is now the Clinton campaign's chairman, wrote a book that came out last year. One section has him bragging about talking tough to Michigan senator Carl Levin back in 2004, when McAuliffe was the DNC's chairman and Levin wanted to move his state's primary forward. Plus ça change, non?
Here's McAuliffe, speaking in the first person, with my emphasis added.
"You won't deny us seats at the convention," he said.
"Carl, take it to the bank," I said. "They will not get a credential. The closest they'll get to Boston will be watching it on television. I will not let you break this entire nominating process for one state. The rules are the rules. If you want to call my bluff, Carl, you go ahead and do it."
We glared at each other some more, but there was nothing much left to say. I was holding all the cards and Levin knew it.
Longer excerpt on Mark's blog.
(h/t: Oliver Willis)
Race to the Bottom
File this under blatantly obvious: Hillary Clinton sews up the all-important Bill Kristol endorsement. Of course he and his fellow wingnuts want to run against her, and now he's openly begging. Compared to him, Rush Limbaugh is a master of subtlety.
File this under new kid trying to make his contrarian bones: Apparently, someone at Slate let an intern fool with one of the computers. Out popped the bright idea is that Barack Obama should drop out of the race, which will (I am not making this up) then guarantee him the election in 2012. Why? Because he'll have "restored his messiah creds." And yes, he pluralized that last word, just in case you weren't convinced of his stupidity by the first three words. It does not seem to have occurred to this genius that within one second of such an announcement, the word "quitter" would instantly become the most heavily-used word in the English language. I don't think even Mark Penn would have been able to propose this with a straight face. Why Suellentrop thought this was worth linking to passes all understanding.
No. No direct links for either. Even low standards must be maintained. Visit the NYT op-ed home page and look around, if you must.
Labels: gripes, nytpicks
Putting on Ayers
Stanley Fish has a nice post up the Obama/Ayers fake controversy. This'll give you the flavor:
Now, in 2008, after a primary season increasingly marked by dirty pool and low blows, “McCarthyism” and “Swiftboating” have come together in a particularly lethal and despicable form. I refer to the startling revelation — proclaimed from the housetops by both the Clinton and McCain campaigns — that Barack Obama ate dinner at William Ayers’s house, served with him on a board and was the honored guest at a reception he organized.
Confession time. I too have eaten dinner at Bill Ayers’s house …
Labels: nytpicks, obama
Hey, Buddy ... Can You Spare $5 Trillion?
Paul Krugman's latest column, "Bush Made Permanent," looks at John McCain's tax plan. Never was the name McSame more appropriate.
What with all the excitement over lapel pins and bowling scores, you probably don't have much more than a vague sense that this plan would be a disaster sufficient to give Grover Norquist wet dreams. Let Prof. Krugman lay out the specifics for you, in a mere 700 words. I was going to give the money quote, but that pretty much would have meant copying the whole thing.
Remember that PK was among the first to see through W's fiscal smoke and mirrors, way back there in 2000. Please don't ignore him this time around. We can't afford it.
Labels: McSame, PK
Theocracy on the March, Part II
The National Day of Prayer has been around in the US in various forms since the beginning of the country. The latest incarnation stems from 1988, when Ronald Reagan signed into law a bill designating the first Thursday in May as the official NDOP.
Those of us who interpret the Constitution's freedom of religion clause to include freedom from religion aren't particularly enamored of such legislation, obviously. The original spirit appeared harmless enough: most people who paid attention to the NDOP saw it as a way to promote ecumenicalism. Recent developments, however, demonstrate why it's always a good idea to oppose such mixing of church and state from the start.
Last Thursday's MojoBlog reports the following. Shirley Dobson, the wife of James Dobson, has been designated chairperson of something called the National Day of Prayer Task Force. James Dobson, whom I've described before, is the head of Focus on the Family, a politically powerful organization of fundamentalist evangelical Christians. It is no stretch to call them The American Taliban.
Shirley Dobson and her task force are basically a subsidiary of Focus on the Family. They work out of the same offices. Lately, they have been portraying themselves as officially in charge of the National Day of Prayer. How's that's working out? About the way you'd expect:
According to Jay Keller, national field director of the Interfaith Alliance, Dobson has made a point of "excluding Jews, Muslims, Catholics, Buddhists, and even mainline Christians" from the National Day of Prayer.
Thanks to Dobson, this year's task force volunteers are required to sign pledges, stating: "I commit that NDP activities I serve with will be conducted solely by Christians while those of differing beliefs are welcome to attend." Volunteers must also affirm that they "believe that the Holy Bible is the inerrant Word of The Living God" and that "Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the only One by which I can obtain salvation and have an ongoing relationship with God."
Keller is not exaggerating. Here's the full text of the pledge section, copied from the application posted on the task force's web site.
Statement of Belief:
I believe that the Holy Bible is the inerrant Word of The Living God. I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God and the only One by which I can obtain salvation and have an ongoing relationship with God. I believe in the deity of our Lord Jesus Christ, his virgin birth, his sinless life, his miracles, the atoning work of his shed blood, his resurrection and ascension, his intercession and his coming return to power and glory. I believe that those who follow Jesus are family and there should be unity among all who claim his name.
Here is an excerpt from the application's "Coordinator Qualifications:"
I agree to utilize and follow copyright usage of the NDP Task Force promotional materials to 1) perpetuate the annual theme and national media opportunities and 2) ensure a strong, consistent Christian message throughout the nation. I commit that NDP activities I serve with will be conducted solely by Christians while those with differing beliefs are welcome to attend.
Note also, in the same application, this additional bit of smarminess:
Official Policy Statement on Participation of "Non-Judeo-Christian" groups in the National Day of Prayer:
The National Day of Prayer Task Force was a creation of the National Prayer Committee for the expressed purpose of organizing and promoting prayer observances conforming to a Judeo-Christian system of values. People with other theological and philosophical views are, of course, free to organize and participate in activities that are consistent with their own beliefs. This diversity is what Congress intended when it designated the Day of Prayer, not that every faith and creed would be homogenized, but that all who sought to pray for this nation would be encouraged to do so in any way deemed appropriate. It is that broad invitation to the American people that led, in our case, to the creation of the Task Force and the Judeo-Christian principles on which it is based.
There may be an upside to this. Most people of faith tend not to confront extremists like Dobson. This has been a problem, since it has allowed the wingnuts to grow unfettered. On the other hand, their increased prominence brings into the spotlight their exclusivity and intolerance. It may not be an empty hope to think that it's getting to the point where the wingnuts will provoke active revulsion not just in people like me, but among those religious people who have stayed silent for too long.
USA Today, The Carpetbagger Report, and Americans United for Separation of Church and State have more.
Labels: godma
Theocracy on the March
Via Instaputz and LGM, I came across an article in the NYT describing religious discrimination in the US armed forces. The piece starts by describing a particular incident:
When Specialist Jeremy Hall held a meeting last July for atheists and freethinkers at Camp Speicher in Iraq, he was excited, he said, to see an officer attending.
But minutes into the talk, the officer, Maj. Freddy J. Welborn, began to berate Specialist Hall and another soldier about atheism, Specialist Hall wrote in a sworn statement. “People like you are not holding up the Constitution and are going against what the founding fathers, who were Christians, wanted for America!” Major Welborn said, according to the statement.
Major Welborn told the soldiers he might bar them from re-enlistment and bring charges against them, according to the statement.
Last month, Specialist Hall and the Military Religious Freedom Foundation, an advocacy group, filed suit in federal court in Kansas, alleging that Specialist Hall’s right to be free from state endorsement of religion under the First Amendment had been violated and that he had faced retaliation for his views. In November, he was sent home early from Iraq because of threats from fellow soldiers.
... Timothy Feary, the other soldier at the meeting, said in an e-mail message: “Jeremy is telling the truth. I was there and witnessed everything.”
The article tries to get at the larger problem. The official word offers statistics to imply the problem is not widespread:
There are 1.36 million active duty service members, according to the Pentagon, and since 2005, it has received 50 formal complaints of religious discrimination, [Defense Department spokeswoman Eileen] Lainez said.
... Mikey Weinstein, a retired Air Force judge advocate general and founder of the Military Religious Freedom Foundation, said the official statistics masked the great number of those who do not report violations for fear of retribution. Since the Air Force Academy scandal began in 2004, Mr. Weinstein said, he has been contacted by more than 5,500 service members and, occasionally, military families about incidents of religious discrimination. He said 96 percent of the complainants were Christians, and the majority of those were Protestants.
Complaints include prayers “in Jesus’ name” at mandatory functions, which violates military regulations, and officers proselytizing subordinates to be “born again.” After getting the complainants’ unit and command information, Mr. Weinstein said, he calls his contacts in the military to try to correct the situation.
“Religion is inextricably intertwined with their jobs,” Mr. Weinstein said. “You’re promoted by who you pray with.”
Two things to note about Weinstein's report: First, it's hardly surprising that most soldiers are reluctant to make complaints through official channels, especially in a combat zone, especially if they perceive most of their superior officers to be part of the problem.
Second, it's amazing how many of the complaints were sent in by soldiers self-identifying as Christians. This suggests the messages provoking the complaints must be particularly noxious.
Oh, and by the way? Maj. Welborn, the officer accused at the start of the article with threatening persecution, refused to be interviewed for the article, beyond saying:
I’d love to tell my side of the story because it’s such a false story.
I'm pretty sure how my fellow godless heathens will interpret that line. Probably just as well for him that he stopped there.
Labels: godma, onward christian soldiers
Rich Thoughts
Frank Rich tells Dems to calm down in his column this week, and among other points, makes an observation about the PA primary that I hadn't thought of:
... few noticed that on this same day in Pennsylvania, 27 percent of Republican primary voters didn’t just tell pollsters they would defect from their party’s standard-bearer; they went to the polls, gas prices be damned, to vote against Mr. McCain. Though ignored by every channel I surfed, there actually was a G.O.P. primary on Tuesday, open only to registered Republicans. And while it was superfluous in determining that party’s nominee, 220,000 Pennsylvania Republicans (out of their total turnout of 807,000) were moved to cast ballots for Mike Huckabee or, more numerously, Ron Paul. That’s more voters than the margin (215,000) that separated Hillary Clinton and Mr. Obama.
Those antiwar Paul voters are all potential defectors to the Democrats in November. Mr. Huckabee’s religious conservatives, who rejected Mr. McCain throughout the primary season, might also bolt or stay home. Given that the Democratic ticket beat Bush-Cheney in Pennsylvania by 205,000 votes in 2000 and 144,000 votes in 2004, these are 220,000 voters the G.O.P. can ill-afford to lose. Especially since there are now a million more registered Democrats than Republicans in Pennsylvania. (These figures don’t even include independents, who couldn’t vote in either primary on Tuesday and have been migrating toward the Democrats since 2006.)
The whole thing also includes some funny lines about McCain.
Labels: demdems
What You Don't Know
This week's On the Media starts off with an interview with Maj. Robert Bevelacqua. Bevelacqua was one of the sources quoted in the recent NYT exposé of the cozy relationship among TV military "analysts," the Pentagon, the Bush Administration, and defense contractors. If you didn't make it through the whole NYT article, this interview gives a good introduction to the goings-on. If you did make it through the whole article, you might get some additional sense of how it all worked by listening to Bevelacqua.
The second segment is an interview with Kevin Phillips, who describes how the government has, for several decades at least, been misleading the public in the way it measures and reports statistics like the unemployment rate and the GDP.
The rest of the segments are not quite as bleak. You may feel a need for them after the first two. The whole show is outstanding, in any case.
Labels: listen2this, misc. politics, shoutouts
Hillary Clinton won the primary in Pennsylvania, which might be news if you're just returning to this planet. With 99% of the vote counted, she has 54.7% of the popular vote and Obama has 45.3%.
Those of you trained in subtraction will notice that her margin of victory is 9.4%, or, rounding to whole numbers, 9%. However, I predict the Clinton campaign will round 54.7% up to 55% and 45.3% down to 45%, and then trumpet their "double-digit win."
Not that I'm saying she's dishonest. As far as I know.
In other campaign news that you might actually have missed, John McCain has been outed for a series of dubious pay-for-play transactions. There's probably a joke to be made about Diamond and the rough, but hanged if I can come up with it.
New To Me: Momentarily
Just started listening to this week's podcast of Poli-Sci-Fi Radio. Host Bill Simmon said, while making last minute tweaks, that we'd be hearing the show in "just a moment." Not, he stressed, "momentarily."
Bill claims that momentarily means "for a moment," and not "in a moment." This drives him particularly batty on airplanes, when flight attendants say, "We'll be taking off momentarily."
This concern is not his alone, apparently.
Co-host Steve Benen cracked up (NB: laughed, didn't go crazy) and said in response, "That train has left the station," meaning enough people make this mistake that it's futile to insist upon correcting it. I sure didn't know that this usage was incorrect.
Ruh roh. Time to scour everything I've written on the Web?
This gripe of Bill's calls to mind hopefully, which used to mean only "filled with hoped," but has since become accepted, also, to mean "it is to be hoped" or "I hope." I think even Safire surrendered on this one, after fighting for the distinction most of his life.
I feel your pain, though, Bill.
Labels: listen2this, wordplay
Neologism of the Day: 2008-04-22
Coined by Andrew Sullivan, to describe the baseless smears against Barack Obama: McTruthyism.
Labels: obama, OPW, wordplay
From Brando, musing about music, specifically, the songs that have been most significant in his life:
I was also not a liberal until late in life, as it took me a long time to divorce the conservative beliefs I inherited. Nothing sped up that process like the events after 9/11, when I watched terrorists use murder to supposedly promote freedom, and then watched our government squash freedom to ostensibly fight terror.
The song that provoked this epiphany?
"(What's So Funny 'Bout) Peace, Love, and Understanding."
Labels: OPW
Java Update
Brian Krebs reports that Sun has released a new version of Java, which includes several bug fixes and a patch for "at least one security vulnerability." He also notes, and good for him, that Sun's usual method of notifying home users lags behind their releases, and that the page Sun offers to verify that you have the latest version is typically a little behind.
Depending on what part of Sun's site you want to believe, this is either version 1, release 6, or version 6, release 6. The important part is "release 6." The confusion in the major version number (1 or 6) is something to do with a never-ending battle between marketroids and developers. 'Nuff said.
If you're paranoid like me and you want the latest version, getting it is not particularly hard. Assuming that you just want the basic hunk of Java that lets your browser do its thing, visit this page and scroll down to where it says "Java Runtime Environment (JRE) 6 Update 6." Click the corresponding "Download" button. On the next page, choose your operating system. (Windows people: don't pick "Windows x64" unless that's what you really have. Just pick "Windows.") Check the box that says you agree to the license blah blah. Click "Continue."
On the next page, look for the section headed "Windows Offline Installation." Right-click the link labeled jre-6u6-windows-i586-p.exe and from the pop-up context menu, choose Save link as …. The file dialog box pops up. Save the file to your desktop. (Some of the latter details will differ if you're using a different operating system, obviously.)
After the file has finished downloading, double-click its icon to install. Accept all defaults. Close your browser and restart it. For a moment of irony, revisit the verification page to confirm that you have the latest version installed. (You will see that the new version is listed: 1.6.0_6.) Delete the file that you downloaded to your desktop.
As Krebs also reminds us, Sun is still unable to remove previous versions as part of the process of installing upgrades, so if you're as fastidious as me, use Windows's Add/Remove Programs to uninstall the old versions. Make sure not to delete the latest -- which will appear as "Java(TM) 6 Update 6."
What if you don't want to go through this? I suppose you could wait until Sun's update mechanisms notify you in the usual way, and trust to your otherwise safe surfing habits. It's probably not that big a deal.
Of course, while you're dilly-dallying, the terrorists will have won.
Labels: geekery
FT says about HRC: "Too many course corrections, not enough course."
The Financial Times, the world's largest financial newspaper, has endorsed Barack Obama for the Democratic nomination, acknowledging the similarities in policy proposals, and basing their recommendation mostly on his character and the evidence he has displayed in running a better campaign.
Mr Obama has fought a brilliant campaign, out-organising his opponent, raising more money, and convincing undecided Democrats as well as the country at large that he was more likeable, more straightforward and more worthy of trust.
On form, he is a spell-binding orator and holds arena-sized audiences in thrall. He is given to airy exhortations, it is true, but genuinely seeks consensus and has cross-party appeal.
Mrs Clinton’s campaign, in contrast, has been a shambles. She and her team expected to have it all sewn up long ago; they made no plans for a long struggle, ran short of money and had to reorganise on the run.
Her speaking style is pedestrian, when it is not actually grating. Those who dislike her tend to do so with a passion: her disapproval ratings started high and after months of campaigning are climbing still. It is a tribute to her tenacity and to the loyalty she commands in the party that her fate was not sealed weeks ago.
How much the way that a campaign is run tells you about a candidate’s fitness to be president is debatable – but it does tell you something, especially if the candidate with the misfiring strategy is running on a claim of management expertise.
On a related note, Hillary Clinton released an ad today that features Osama bin Laden. Desperate and despicable, I'd call it.
(h/t: astral66/TPM)
Pass Over This Column
Shorter Bill Kristol:
I liked John McCain's Passover card better than the ones from those two dirty smelly liberals. Therefore, he will be the best president ever.
Oh, and I like guns (because I'm not an elitist).
In defense of the son-of-an-Irving, there are no corrections attached to this week's column.
A Boy Not on the Bus
Nice to see at least one member of the MSM isn't suffering from The Crush:
[McCain's economic] plan’s incoherent smorgasbord of items includes a cut from 35 percent to 25 percent in the corporate tax rate. For noncorporate taxpayers, Mr. McCain offers such thin gruel as a battle against federal pork (the notorious Alaskan “bridge to nowhere,” earmarked for $223 million in federal highway money, costs less than a day of the war in Iraq) and a temporary suspension of the federal gas tax (a saving of some $2.75 per 15-gallon tank). Now there’s a reason for voters to be bitter — assuming bloviators start publicizing and parsing Mr. McCain’s words as relentlessly as they do the Democrats’.
That may be a big assumption. At an Associated Press luncheon for newspaper editors in Washington last week, Mr. McCain was given a standing ovation. (The other candidate who appeared, Mr. Obama, was not.) Cindy McCain, whose tax returns remain under wraps, has not received remotely the same scrutiny as Michelle Obama and Bill Clinton, except for her plagiarized recipes. The most damning proof of the press’s tilt toward Mr. McCain, though, is the lack of clamor for his complete health records, especially in the wake of his baffling serial factual confusions about Iraq, his No. 1 issue.
-- Frank Rich
Labels: McSame, OPW, st. john
Where Do We Sign Up to Resume Our Colonial Status?
If this is how they're thinking over there, I, for one, would welcome back our Imperial overlords.
A CHARITY set up by an ardent Christian to fight slavery and the opium trade has identified a new social evil of the 21st century - religion.
A poll by the Joseph Rowntree Foundation uncovered a widespread belief that faith - not just in its extreme form - was intolerant, irrational and used to justify persecution.
Pollsters asked 3,500 people what they considered to be the worst blights on modern society, updating a list drawn up by Rowntree, a Quaker, 104 years ago.
The responses may well have dismayed him. The researchers found that the “dominant opinion” was that religion was a “social evil”.
Many participants said religion divided society, fuelled intolerance and spawned “irrational” educational and other policies.
(h/t: PZ)
Jeopardy Time
Washington Post — One (and it was less than 400 words)
New York Times — Zero
Los Angeles Times — Zero
Boston Globe — Zero
Chicago Tribune — Zero
USA Today — Zero
Wall Street Journal — Zero
Can you guess the question?
Okay, here it is:
How many of the nation’s largest daily newspapers ran stand-alone news articles about the revelations concerning the White House, the “Principals,” and the torture discussions?
This is from a post on The Carpetbagger Report. Bonus for visiting: a video of the most detailed coverage of the scandal so far.
Yup. From Jon Stewart.
Labels: gripes, torture
Temper? Fugit.
About that McCain tendency to ...
Does he get angry? Yes. But it's never been enough to blur his judgment. . . . If anything, his passion and occasional bursts of anger have made him more effective.
Oh, good. I mean, if you can't trust Joe Lieberman, who can you trust?
Weirdly, it takes the WaPo five pages to list all the people who disagree.
(h/t: Steve Benen)
(pic. source)
Labels: holy joe, st. john
Bitter Bikers for Obama
Real Time's Real Reporter Jeremy Scahill reports from some small towns in Pennsylvania. Anecdotal to be sure, but intriguing nonetheless:
The above is the sixth of nine segments from the 18 April 2008 show, all of which may be viewed by following the links on this page. (If you're visiting this page more than a week after this post was published, you may have to click the "See all videos" link.)
Labels: obama, vids
Roy on that cover:
That the people who dig so deep to find offense are the same ones who constantly bitch that "political correctness" limits free speech would qualify as a irony if irony still existed.
Had It With the Current Slate?
Forget Nader. The Exterminator is running for president. Here's his elevator pitch:
I combine the doddering old age of McCain, the inexperience of Obama, and the sheer obnoxious of Clinton.
Nearly true fact-like claim: he participated in last Wednesday's debate and has a plausible explanation for why that failed to generate notice. Read all about it.
The Military-Industrial-Media Complex
The New York Times has a long article up, headlined "Behind TV Analysts, Pentagon’s Hidden Hand." It's a stellar piece of investigative journalism, based on a mountain of documentation not previously available, that details the relationships between the Pentagon, the White House, military contractors, lobbyists, and all those retired generals you always see on TV. The article describes the development and maintenance of an enormous message machine, and how it has been used in efforts such as the selling of the invasion of Iraq, the masking of the horrors of the prison at Guantanamo Bay, and promoting an ongoing, rosy outlook of The SurgeTM.
Most likely, you already have a sense that a lot of these talking brass hats have agendas and conflicts of interest that make their "analysis" more than a little suspect. The NYT's article, however, will not fail to astonish you with the extent of the organization, the amount of money involved, and the one-sidedness of the messages to be promulgated. Ditto the failure of media outlets to understand the ties that bind those whom they hire to opine on all matters military. Ditto the purging and banishing of those who strayed off message. It's well worth a look. If nothing else, it will give you an understanding of why so many liberals were initially snowed, and how people who get their information exclusively from Fox News are still so convinced of the wonderfulness of our excellent adventures in war.
Labels: nytpicks, WPE
Line of the Day II: 2008-04-19
About that Time magazine cover and the ensuing outrage:
It's one thing to rightly defend a truly monumental event in U.S. history from the whims of a cleverly ironic board of magazine editors, but it's another thing entirely to then up the irony yourself by dismissing the importance of an issue you don't know a damn thing about, nor do you care to investigate. No offense, but it makes it seem as if you fought in the Pacific for nothing more than the right to ignore anything you don't understand. Behold, the Fox News Channel's prime demographic.
-- Chez Pazienza
Labels: OPW, wingnuts
(Actually, from two days ago.)
All you need to know about Wednesday's ABC debate, from Jon Stewart:
The first hour of last night's debate was a sixty-minute master class in questions that elevate out of context remarks and trivial, insipid miscues into subjects of national discourse … which is MY job.
[Added] This letter of protest is pretty good. The first comment, under the list of signatories, is great.
10-Second Geek Test
Does this make you laugh?
If yes, you are.
If no, see here and here for clarification.
Labels: geekery, humor
Maybe There's Hope
Hard as this may be to believe, John Derbyshire has a good post up on The Corner. It's a succinct dismissal of the Creationist trope Darwin = Hitler, and it's as pointed as one could ask, especially considering where it's posted. Bonus points: Derbyshire is responding to an article published elsewhere on his own site!
(h/t: John Cole)
Labels: godma, wingnuts
Your Moment of Awww
Swiped from Jinnet, a cat encounters a theremin. Worth watching till the end (only about 35 seconds), just to see the second cat.
That face, huh?
Labels: awww, vids
Your Moment of Mean
This is the artwork that accompanies Matt Taibbi's piece in Rolling Stone from a couple of months ago, "The New Nixon."
Taibbi's article was written back when Nevada was the key primary. (Remember that?) Given the events of the past month or two, it's remarkably prescient.
(h/t: look)
How Soon Till We Hear About "Traitorgate?"
(Updated below)
Robert Reich has endorsed Barack Obama for president. This is nice to hear, although not hugely surprising to some of us.
Reich, you may recall, was Secretary of Labor under Bill Clinton from 1993-1997. You might also recall that another Clinton Cabinet official, Bill Richardson, has also recently endorsed Obama.
Reich begins his endorsement as follows:
The formal act of endorsing a candidate is generally (and properly) limited to editorial pages and elected officials whose constituents might be influenced by their choice. The rest of us shouldn't assume anyone cares. My avoidance of offering a formal endorsement until now has also been affected by the pull of old friendships and my reluctance as a teacher and commentator to be openly partisan. But my conscience won't let me be silent any longer.
I believe that Barack Obama should be elected President of the United States.
The full text of Reich's endorsement appears on his blog.
(h/t: Wonderment)
Via John Cole, here's Robert Reich speaking to a reporter for New York magazine shortly after he posted his endorsement:
"I saw the ads" -- the negative man-on-street commercials that the Clinton campaign put up in Pennsylvania in the wake of Obama's bitter/cling comments a week ago -- "and I was appalled, frankly. I thought it represented the nadir of mean-spirited, negative politics. And also of the politics of distraction, of gotcha politics. It's the worst of all worlds. We have three terrible traditions that we've developed in American campaigns. One is outright meanness and negativity. The second is taking out of context something your opponent said, maybe inartfully, and blowing it up into something your opponent doesn't possibly believe and doesn't possibly represent. And third is a kind of tradition of distraction, of getting off the big subject with sideshows that have nothing to do with what matters. And these three aspects of the old politics I've seen growing in Hillary's campaign. And I've come to the point, after seeing those ads, where I can't in good conscience not say out loud what I believe about who should be president. Those ads are nothing but Republicanism. They're lending legitimacy to a Republican message that's wrong to begin with, and they harken back to the past twenty years of demagoguery on guns and religion. It's old politics at its worst — and old Republican politics, not even old Democratic politics. It's just so deeply cynical."
Why I Still Run Windows 2000
Via Luis, who blogs from a different dimension, a few minutes of validation for Apple and penguin lovers, and few minutes of commiseration for those still absorbed by the Borg:
Labels: geekery, humor, vids
Bitter Testaments
Three good reads, courtesy of James Wolcott.
Labels: hillno, OPW
All I know is, I didn't renew my online crossword puzzle subscription this past January, either
The New York Times Company, the parent of The New York Times, posted a $335,000 loss in the first quarter -- one of the worst periods the company and the newspaper industry have seen -- falling far short of both analysts' expectations and its $23.9 million profit in the quarter a year earlier.
Hmmm. What else happened one quarter ago? Oh, yeah.
Coincidence? I think not.
Just sayin', NYTpeeps: For the cost of one pink slip, you'd have $40 in cold hard cash coming from me the very next day.
And in addition to the boost in income, there are some cost savings to be had, I hear.
Labels: nytpicks
Attn: PA
Hi, all you Pennsylvania people. In case you missed the Philadelphia Daily News today, they had this to say:
VOTE FOR BARACK OBAMA
Even if you live in one of the unimportant 49 other states, you really should read their endorsement. I tried to pick an excerpt, but I ended up wanting to copy the whole thing.
Firefox 2.0.0.14
Firefox has released version 2.0.0.14. The new version includes a patch to close one security hole, rated critical.
I just did the upgrade. No problems. Do Help -> Check for updates if you have automatic updates turned off.
Mozilla says the same patch is to be applied to Thunderbird and SeaMonkey as well. At this writing, the new version of Thunderbird is not yet available. I'll try to note, here, when it is. I don't use SeaMonkey, so I don't know about that.
Has "Farfallegate" Doomed The McCain Candidacy?
Cindy McCain, the (second, so far) wife of presumptive Republican nominee John McCain, has been implicated in a plagiarism scandal that has many observers speculating that Sen. McCain's chances to win the presidency are doomed.
According to the New York Times, the story was broken on The Huffington Post by David Weiner, acting on a tip from concerned citizen and environmental defense lawyer, Lauren E. Handel. Handel discovered that a recipe posted on the official McCain campaign web site in a section purported to be a listing of Cindy McCain's "family recipes" was, in fact, copied verbatim from the Food Network website. Further investigations revealed that several other recipes had also been copied, word for word, from the Food Network's site, and posted as "Cindy's Recipes" without attribution or acknowledgment.
The McCain campaign acted quickly after the scandal emerged, blaming an irresponsible intern for the plagiarism. Tucker "Out of" Bounds, one of McCain's chief spokesman said, ominously, "The intern has been dealt with," according to the Times. The Times also reports that Bounds refused to provide any more details.
Questions were immediately raised, however. The website TMZ.com, run by respected political reporter Perez Hilton noted, with a heavy tone of irony, "Always blame the intern." It will be hard not to draw eerie parallels between the McCain campaign's attempt to place all the blame on one lowly staff member and the Bush Administration's attempt to paint individual low-ranking soldiers as solely responsible for the widespread torture at Abu Ghraib. "Can you say scapegoat?" one political commentator wondered aloud.
The recipes have since been removed from the campaign's website. Veteran observers note, however, that the response by the McCain campaign may have only worsened the problem, saying it changes the perception of what might have been passed off as a mistake into a scenario involving a conspiracy to defraud the American public and an ill-considered attempt to cover up the activites only after they had been exposed.
The McCain campaign is already reeling from revelations about other aspects of Cindy McCain's dubious history, including her admission that she maintained her drug habit by stealing medications meant for poor people, and documented reports that her vast fortune comes from a family business focused on dealing other controlled substances. Some of this fortune has been used to purchase eight houses, raising numerous eyebrows about the hypocrisy of the McCain campaign labeling its opponent as "elitist."
Whispers are growing into murmurs concerning the fitness of Cindy McCain to be First Lady. Some observers also wonder whether the scandal-plagued wife indicates a propensity for poor judgment by John McCain when it comes to selecting close advisors. "What did Sen. McCain know, and when did he know it?" is sure to be a question on many minds in the coming days.
Some wonder if this is the final blow to Sen. McCain's erstwhile reputation as a "straight talker," pointing also to the questions raised about the candidate's financial shenanigans in dealing with public campaign funds, his refusal, despite numerous promises, to release his medical records, his continued unwillingness to make public the tax returns filed by him and his wife, and his recent stealthy conversion from one religion to another.
So far, the other Republican candidates have not issued official statements concerning the latest blow to the McCain campaign. However, a source familiar with the Romney campaign, who was granted anonymity because of fear of repercussions, said, "The important thing to remember is, Mitt Romney never actually withdrew from the race. He only 'suspended his campaign.' He could jump right back in at any time." Numerous prominent political bloggers have also remarked upon the new website launched just yesterday by Mike Huckabee.
Neither Sen. McCain nor Mrs. McCain has contacted this reporter to comment on this, their latest scandal.
In case you haven't already figured it out, the above is my sense of how a typical "news" story would read, had the recipe kerfuffle been connected instead with Michelle Obama.
(pic. source 1, pic. source 2)
Labels: humor, st. john
When one analyzes [post-modernist and deconstruction] writings, one often finds radical-sounding assertions whose meaning is ambiguous and that can be given two alternative readings: one as interesting, radical, and grossly false; the other as boring and trivially true.
-- Alan Sokal, via Massimo Pigliucci
Conservatives Playing The Victim Card
Not exactly a news flash, I know. But Eve Fairbanks has a funny post on this evergreen. Part of it describes a National Review article whining about Wikipedia's "liberal bias."
To prove the existence of an anti-conservative cabal on Wikipedia, Miller cites two pieces of evidence:
1. David Vitter's sex scandal is mentioned in an earlier sentence on his Wikipedia page than Eliot Spitzer's is.
2. Jon Henke, George Allen's "new-media coordinator" during his 2006 campaign, feels that "on Wikipedia, we got our brains beat out" while, as Miller writes, "the [page] on Allen's Democratic opponent, Jim Webb, didn't suffer the same kind of treatment. 'His profile was glowing,' says Henke. In the end," Miller notes ominously, "Webb narrowly defeated Allen."
The National Review article is behind a pay wall. Probably just as well.
This is just amazing: Waxy has a collection links pointing to "Every" montages; e.g., every utterance of "dude" in The Big Lebowski and every utterance of "fuck" in Casino (two that I particularly enjoyed, as you might have guessed).
If nothing else, it's always nice to be reminded that you aren't the most obsessive person on the planet.
(h/t: Alan Jacobs)
Labels: RTC
... one can’t help but notice that Michael Ledeen’s doctrine that “Every ten years or so, the United States needs to pick up some small crappy little country and throw it against the wall” is taking on rather a new meaning these days; just as every kid has to touch a hot stove and everyone with a computer has to lose their files before they learn to back up, every generation of policymakers appears to have to learn by doing, at someone else’s expense, the limits of offensive war as a tool of foreign policy.
-- Daniel Davies
McSame As It Ever Was
Via TPM, here's the first anti-McCain ad from Progressive Media USA:
Keep 'em coming, I say.
Okay, This is Really The Last Word on Elitism
From Aidan via email: All politics is talking down to people, at least I have the integrity to tell them that I'm doing it.
Count on Hillary and the rest of the GOP attack dogs to denounce Obama for this.
Last Word on Elitism
From Jon Stewart (who better?):
Labels: humor, obama, vids
Better Know A Wingnut
[Update 2008-10-20 13:38 EDT: Link fix]
Roy Edroso, who usually delivers the goods at alicublog, has elsewhere published a must-read: "A confederacy of dunces", a.k.a. "The Official Village Voice Election-Season Guide to the Right-Wing Blogosphere."
If you've never read any of the people he describes, you'll pat yourself on the back for your precognition.
If I had any criticism to offer about Roy's guide, I'd say he's perhaps a little too kind. Other than that, it's a delight. I especially like the "Stupid/Evil Ratio" given for each.
Warning: Clear mouth of all fluids before beginning to read.
(h/t to you-know-who for the inspiration of this post's title)
Labels: shoutouts, wingnuts
Gun Nutty
Today's NYT has a story about gun control legislation at the state level. The headline and the lede suggest that the pendulum is swinging in the other direction: after a decade in which gun advocacy seemed to dominate, 38 states are considering some bills that feature some measure of increased control. Most of the efforts are on the edges; e.g., cutting off access to those with criminal records or a history of mental illness, and enhancing measures that would help trace guns used in crimes.
I used to be fairly extreme in my anti-gun attitude, thinking that apart from hunting rifles, they should all be banned. In one version of my ideal world, I still feel this way. But back here in reality, I've softened my stance. Pragmatically, I think the cat's out of the bag on this one -- given the amount of guns out there and the strength of the pro-gun lobby, it strikes me as a lost cause, and I'd rather see efforts focused elsewhere. I remain in favor of more localized efforts, but nationally, pushing for sweeping gun control a waste of time and political capital. So, I'm happy about the thrust of the NYT story.
I have also softened my stance in less cynical ways. The truth is, I now buy a lot of the arguments that pro-gun people put forth. The tipping point for me came when I was reading one of John Sandford's Kidd novels. Kidd, if you don't already know, is a genius computer hacker who is a force for good, but who often operates outside the law. At one point, Kidd is ruminating on a situation in which Congress is getting all bent out of shape about federal computers being broken into. He frets that there will be an irrational overreaction, paraphrased as, "Mothers Against Computers marching on Washington, and politicians saying, 'Why do these kids need these powerful computers, anyway? Only engineers and architects need them.' " And like that. And then it occurs to him that the same arguments all apply to guns -- the large majority of people who own and use them responsibly get tarred by the few who don't.
It's a bit of a specious argument, to be sure. It's slightly harder to kill people with a computer than with a gun, for one thing. But nonetheless, it was the last piece required to get me to reconsider the whole issue.
However, there's a sidebar to this NYT story. In addition to the recent spate of bills in favor of control, nine states are considering legislation that would allow students, teachers, and visitors, or some subset of those, to carry guns on college campuses. This brings back my old kneejerk inclinations in a rush. This strikes me as an idea for which the term boneheaded was invented.
On a related note, nine states (some different from those above) are considering legislation that would disallow property owners and employers to prohibit guns being brought onto their property. Calcified cranium, op. cit.
If I really stretch, I can see an argument that says if I'm allowed to carry a gun everywhere else I go, why should I be hampered by having to check my gun when I go to school or work?
But really? No.
The latter seems a violation of the rights of private property -- a man's home is his castle and all that. More to the point, both ideas just seem to be asking for trouble. Despite the sturm und drang that explodes when guys like Seung-Hui Cho crack, I am unable to believe that any sane person thinks everyone else packing heat is the appropriate countermeasure to forestall future similar events. And when I consider how often tempers flare in class or the workplace … let's just say that I expect the body count to go up. Way up.
Adam L and I have argued about gun control before, so he might have something to say that will make me think about this in another light, but for the moment, I'm going to put on Jane's Addiction, and turn the volume all the way up, and play one track until I feel better: Idiots Rule.
Labels: gripes
"So, you want to be a McCain Democrat?"
... asks Dan Payne, who then goes on to explain how dumb you are if you say yes. Payne makes me glad I have (so far) resisted the temptation to pledge not to vote for Hillary Clinton, no matter how much I hate her. It could, as he reminds us, be much worse.
(h/t: Instaputz)
Brian Krebs has a nice post up. (He calls it a pop quiz, a clear sign that he needs editing help from me.) His checklist itemizes the latest versions of a dozen of the most popular software packages. All have recently been upgraded, and almost all have included patches to close potential security holes, so it's probably worth taking a look.
I give myself three geek points for scoring 100% up-to-date on all the applicable possibilities (I don't use every program he lists).
Krebs also points to a site called Secunia, where you can run a Java applet to verify the up-to-date status of a bunch of programs. Be aware that the site tries, mildly, to entice you into downloading other applications, which you may or may not want.
The application took a little over a minute to run for me, and it seems pretty good, as far as popular applications go. It incorrectly stated that I am behind the latest version on two applications, but noted farther down in the list of results that I do, in fact, have the latest versions. This is due to these applications -- Flash and the Java Runtime Edition -- not removing older versions when updating.
Krebs notes this exact result, and offers remedies which I just followed successfully:
Older versions of the JRE can be removed via Add/Remove Programs in the Windows Control Panel (careful not to remove the latest!).
The only way to remove older versions of Flash, it appears, is a marvel of kludgery: You download from Adobe a program to uninstall all versions of Flash, close your browser, run the program, fire up your browser again, re-download and reinstall the latest version of Flash, close your browser again, run the installation program, relaunch your browser, and verify the final result.
Why the uninstaller program isn't included in the installer program remains a mystery to me -- it's not like either program is that big or takes that long to run.
Anyway, it's easy enough to do, and doesn't take that much time, so if you're as paranoid and obsessive about these things as I am, you may want to do it. If you aren't, there are probably worse things you could neglect. The important thing is to be sure that you're running the latest version.
Josh: Not Bitter
Josh Marshall has a cool-headed reaction to the nonsense. I urge you to read the whole thing, but if you're pressed for time, here's his conclusion:
With the Wright business and now with this, the more nuanced version of the Clinton line has been that what 'we' think is not really the point. It's what Republicans will do with it in the fall. And that's a real concern that I definitely have. I won't deny it. I've never thought Obama was a perfect candidate. But as we get deeper into the primary calendar, increasingly so, this 'what the Republicans will do' line has become more of a simulacrum, or a license, if you will, to do what Republicans actually do do. That is to say, to grab for political advantage by peddling stereotypes about Democrats and liberals that are really no less offensive than the ones we're talking about about Americans from small town and rural America.
And seeing Hillary go on about how Obama has contempt for folks in small town America, how he's elitist, well ... no, it's not because I think she's either. I never have. But after seeing her hit unfairly with just the same stuff for years, it just encapsulates the last three-plus months of her campaign which I can only describe as a furious descent into nonsense and self-parody. Part of it makes me want to cry. But at this point all I can really do is laugh.
Labels: hillno, OPW, reading recommendations
l33t-speak
Looks like John McCain is still trying to keep the "elitist" meme alive.
I don't know whether I'm being part of the problem by responding to it, but I am unable to resist giving vent to my annoyance that the NY Times, as usual, blandly reports what McCain says about this, but fails to note that McCain is worth about $100 million, owns eight houses, dumped his first wife for a younger model, has based his recent self-promotion tour largely on his lineage ("the son and grandson of admirals!"), has been in the US Senate for two decades, and strongly favors Bush's tax cuts for the rich.
Even stenographers should know how to type incongruous.
Labels: nytpicks, st. john
Back to Business as Usual
Okay, we're done talking about how being bad at bowling means you hate people who go to church in small towns, right? It's time to return to …
Republicans Gone Wild!!!
Bruce Barclay, a Republican county commissioner in Pennsylvania, was exonerated of a charge of rape four days ago. The key to getting off (pun sort of intended)? Turns out he had secretly made a videotape showing himself having consensual sex with his 20-year-old accuser.
Unfortunately for his political career, he had also made other tapes of his other encounters with other partners. Hundreds of them. All filmed with surveillance cameras he had hidden in his home and office. Barclay admitted he had never obtained permission to film any of these encounters. And yeah, some of those were with prostitutes, for a while hired on a weekly basis.
In his defense, no women were filmed during the making of these films.
Labels: goptalk
Math Quiz
How much significant progress can be achieved during one Friedman Unit?
John Archibald Wheeler, RIP
One of the greatest physicists you maybe never heard of, John Archibald Wheeler, died this morning. He was 96.
The NY Times has a good obit that, among other things, contains this fine measure of his worth:
In 1973, Dr. Wheeler and two former students, Dr. Misner and Kip Thorne, of the California Institute of Technology, published "Gravitation," a 1,279-page book whose witty style and accessibility -- it is chockablock with sidebars and personality sketches of physicists -- belies its heft and weighty subject. It has never been out of print.
Even better, however, is the remembrance by a former student, Daniel Holz.
Politician Tells Truth. Nation Loses Mind.
Over the past couple days, I have watched no TV, listened to no radio, and done very little surfing. And still, I am unable to escape the latest in the Clinton-GOP campaign to destroy America.
Seriously, Obama remarked that some people are bitter about not having their concerns addressed by their own government, and this means he's "elitist?" And this means he's a bad candidate?
I don't want to comment any further on the amount of repugnance I feel for Hillary Clinton at this point. If you want a sense of my mood, head on over to Balloon Juice. John Cole feels about the same as I do, except he's being way more polite than I would. You can start with any of these.
[Added] More bitterness about "bitterness," by driftglass. A top-notch screed.
[Added] Robert Reich takes a calmer approach.
Polite "No" of the Day: 2008-04-13
From the best story I've read in days, how one guy characterized his firm's response to a certain someone seeking a job:
"I wouldn’t say 'rebuffed.' I would say 'not taken up.' "
Iraq? Yawn.
Frank Rich has a really good column in today's NYT. Fans like me need no prodding to read Frank Rich, but if you're disinclined to read him for some reason, I urge you to give this one a chance, anyway. The piece is not so much a hyperpartisan screed as it is a hard look at the inescapable truth of Americans' unwillingness to pay attention to what's going on.
No Principles Radio
Yet another reason not to renew my NPR membership:
Labels: gripes, wingnuts
An In-Joke Goes Mainstream
Screen grab of an image of the back of Matthew Yglesias's new book. Click to enlarge, and note the first blurb:
What, you no know this phrase?
[Added] Bonus MattY line, from another post:
Certainly I look forward to when rescuing holders of Iraqi bonds from default becomes the rationale for why we can't leave Iraq.
Labels: humor
Bill Clinton: Dumb, Senile, or Already Still in The Bubble?
In "explaining" the Bosnia "under sniper fire" misspeak, the husband of the woman who wants you to think she's the best one to be answering the phone at 3 a.m. says:
And some of them when they're 60 they'll forget something when they're tired at 11 o'clock at night, too.
Hard to believe that I ever thought this guy was a good politician. Even harder to believe: on reading the whole thing, I actually felt a pang of sympathy for Hillary. Momentary, nay, fleeting, but there it was.
"Screw Hillary"
What John Cole said.
And be sure to follow John's link to the post by Oliver Willis (or just click that one, which I swiped).
Oh, and via Instaputz, you might also see this.
The campaign has been too long, and there have been too many periods with nothing of substance for anyone to write about, and I get that Hillary knows what her base is, but seriously, the Clinton campaign has long been acting no better than, and no different from, what we seek to replace.
[Added] Further context, via Tim Dickinson:
[Added] Still more context, from TPM, here and here.
Cavett. Just Cavett.
Go read "Memo to Petraeus & Crocker: More Laughs, Please." You'll be glad you did.
Forget the cherry blossoms ...
... now there's a real reason to go to Washington, D.C.
I have one quibble with the reporter's reaction:
I doubt that I would have felt these transformations with the same force had I just tried to read the faded ink on Jefferson's rough draft of the Declaration of Independence, protected behind glass at the Library of Congress.
Glass or no glass, there is magic in the seeing the old works in the original. I still remember vividly trips to the National Archive and the Huntington Library, and one other place whose name I've forgotten, but which had a first printing of the Principia.*
Still, the new electronic displays sound like a lot of fun, and hyperlinking is always nice to have available.
I could not agree more with this:
I'm not keen on the name it has given its project: "The Library of Congress Experience."
Yes. That word should have been banned as a proper noun once Jimi departed.
* Which, careful long-time readers will know, I am now delighted to pronounce as prin-KIP-ee-uh. Hard Cs rule.
Labels: geekery, nytpicks
John McCain: Dumb, Senile, or Already in The Bubble?
Greg Sargent has two posts up on TPM, describing yet another McCain Moment.
It seems the campaign just sent out a new fundraising letter based mostly on attacking George Soros. No surprise there -- the image of Soros is more of a bogeyman for the wingnuts than a hot tub full of Clintons and Hollywood elites.
However, it turns out that John McCain has a history of accepting Soros's money. So far, the count is up to $450,000.
Labels: lying or stupid?, st. john
Something to Gnaw Over
The Dean of UC Berkeley's law school, Christopher Edley, Jr., has posted a statement arguing why he is not inclined to dismiss John Yoo from the faculty.
Viscerally, of course, I think John Yoo should be wrapped in manacles and a hood, flown around the world chained to the floor of a cargo plane, and subjected to a few years of the medicine he helped prescribe. But Edley makes a good case for there being insufficient grounds for firing Yoo according to official university policy. He also raises an emotional point which resonates with me: that rights like academic freedom mean nothing unless they also apply to unpopular points of view.
I'm still of the opinion that a larger "law" applies in this particular case, because I think Yoo failed to do his job as a counselor to the White House to a degree which I'd call criminally negligent, de facto if not de jure. It was not his job to act like a common criminal defense lawyer, looking for a technicality through which he could exonerate his client. It was his duty to represent the intention of United States law fairly, and he did the exact opposite. So, I'd still vote to dismiss Yoo* if it were up to me, but I do think Edley's argument is worth considering.
(h/t: Paul Kiel/TPM)
* I almost typed "to can Yoo," but that would have been silly. Besides, I couldn't figure out how to get "who" in there.
Looking on the Bright Side
My impotent frustration over the ongoing mass-emailing smear campaigns targeted against Barack Obama has been momentarily assuaged.
According to TrendLabs:
A new spam run that TrendLabs Content Security has recently come across features spammed e-mail messages that entice readers to click a link, which supposedly has a video of Obama’s confessions regarding “his transsexual affairs.” The links lead to the download of the file Barack_Obama-videostream.v182.exe, which Trend Micro detects as BKDR_AGENT.ABTQ.
I can only hope the wingnuts eagerly forward this one to all their friends.
Cliché Breakdown
Via email from AMP, a case where Better late than never is certainly not true:
Beneath the photo from the REAGAN DIARIES is an actual quote that Reagan wrote about George "W" in his diaries, recently edited by author Doug Brinkley and published by Harper Collins:
"A moment I've been dreading. George brought his n'er-do-well son around this morning and asked me to find the kid a job. Not the political one who lives in Florida; the one who hangs around here all the time looking shiftless. This so-called kid is already almost 40 and has never had a real job. Maybe I'll call Kinsley over at The New Republic and see if they'll hire him as a contributing editor or something. That looks like easy work."
I'm a little suspicious that this is an urban legend. Anyone know? But if true, it's a damned shame this didn't come out in 1999.
[Added] Oops. Just noticed that KK sent a similar email, too. H/T, KK.
Eponym notes in the Comments that this is indeed an urban legend, at least, according to Snopes. Thanks, Eponym.
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Extra Lines Appearing in Geometry
Basspig (Mark Weiss) January 3, 2021, 4:58am #1
I’m re creating a model that I’d previously built in Maya about ten years ago.
The original Maya model has a clean wireframe and it was convenient to make wireframe printouts for construction plans.
However, when I make the same object in Blender, I get a number of diagonal lines that are undesirable. How do I rid my model of these unwanted lines (highlighted in blue)?
image1064×1108 233 KB
Blutag January 3, 2021, 12:22pm #2
You can select the unwanted edges, press X then select dissolve edge.
rigoletto (rigoletto) January 3, 2021, 12:44pm #3
As Blutag writes you can dissolve edges, but this will not work for all. There are limitations.
Basspig (Mark Weiss) January 3, 2021, 6:05pm #4
When I do that, I get this menu, but how do I apply it? The edge is still there.
Stan_Pancakes (Stanislav Blinov) January 3, 2021, 7:17pm #5
You cannot remove all of them. Blender doesn’t support polygons with holes. Per each hole, at least one cut must exist.
I wonder how Maya can do it without generating edges?
In Maya I can do a wireframe render of a scene and it’s clean.
When I started building the same thing in Blender, I get all these extra lines between holes that look awful when I want to do a wireframe animation.
image811×956 185 KB
I don’t know and I don’t see how that is relevant. Blender’s mesh representation does not support holes in polygons - that’s just the way it is.
AFAIK, neither does Maya’s - the edges are still there and they come right back if you try doing anything else with those holes like e.g. beveling them. But like I said, I don’t know how they do that fake edge deletion, nor why would that even be allowed.
Basspig (Mark Weiss) January 3, 2021, 11:08pm #8
You’re right in that when I apply a bevel to the Maya object, it will display similar lines.
Why I don’t want these lines to appear is because I want a clean wireframe animation.
Stan_Pancakes (Stanislav Blinov) January 4, 2021, 12:49am #9
Perhaps try rendering with Freestyle?
Blutag January 4, 2021, 12:55am #10
Two disconnected sets of vertices means pretty much two meshes, so you can’t have two meshes in one.
But if you’re interested only in the wireframe then you could make the holes be separate cylinders and parent them to the main object, Then the wireframe will be rendered clean. You won’t be able to render through holes though because they’re no longer holes but that shouldn’t be a big issue for a wireframe mode…
Basspig (Mark Weiss) January 8, 2021, 2:40am #11
I did an animation in Maya where the objects are rendered solid and then fade to wireframes. Is it not possible to do that in Blender without a lot of jumping through hoops to accomplish it? It seems the method of using cylinders is a workaround for only one mode (wireframe) but cannot be used in the solid mode because it’s not holes.
DNorman (DNorman) January 8, 2021, 5:30am #12
One way to do it would be to use the freestyle method and in the view layer properties tick the «as render pass» box under the freestyle options. Then you can animate and fade in and out the solid and wireframe/freestyle passes in the compositor with the set alpha node.
I know this is jumping through the compositor hoop, but it is not too bad.
Edit: mmm I can not seem to work out how to fade the freestyle pass with set alpha so maybe not so easy.
There must be some way of doing this with the compositor If anyone has any ideas?
Well this seems to work, a few more hoops!
I had to separate the background (film transparent), I used a simple yellow colour for background.
The node setup for compositor was this:
v1678×984 128 KB
v21678×984 131 KB
Maybe someone has a more simple idea!
Basspig (Mark Weiss) January 8, 2021, 6:35pm #13
Thanks for going to all this effort. It’s a bit over my head though. It’s a bit like wanting to draw a circle, but there’s no circle tool, but you can draw 1024 straight lines and arrange them in a circle.
I need the least cumbersome method because I have to do this to many objects. There’s got to be a way to do this.
DNorman (DNorman) January 8, 2021, 6:56pm #14
Yes I am afraid that blender does not have a decent wireframe node that would make wireframes much easier to render, there is a wireframe node but it triangulates. At the moment everyone uses work arounds.
Another method is to duplicate the mesh delete only the faces (leaving the edges) and use a skin modifier to give it some thickness. You could then fade in and out the objects by mixing their materials with a transparent node and animating the mix factor.
Edit you would still have to delete the unwanted edges!
If you have to do it with multiple objects at once (all objects wireframe at the same time) the compositor method would be faster. If you want them to fade in and out one buy one I do not think there is a simple solution.
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Panel from Marvel Team-Up #59 © 1977 and characters TM/® Marvel
Comics. Script: Chris Claremont. Pencils: John Byrne. Inks, Colors:
Dave Hunt. Letters: Bruce Patterson. Editing: Archie Goodwin.
Tags — comics, equinox, Marvel, Marvel Team-Up, periodicals, Spider-Man
El Qué 20 March, 2012
Happy Spring, ya nerd! <— pot calling the kettle black, iron, and steaming hot
Unknown 26 March, 2012
Comic books sound SO MUCH COMPLICATED. I really don't know how I never got involved with them.
Probably because I was busy in the back yard playing with mud.
Blam 01 April, 2012
I played with mud. And I did a fair amount of running around outside in the fresh air. But I also played with action figures and watched a lot of cartoons and read a lot of comic books.
What you say about comic books is true, although I suspect that you getting that from this post is actually a failing of mine. All the stuff about possibly getting the second issue that continues a two-part story before getting the first part, I think, I made sound more convoluted than it was, as it's just the same idea as seeing television episodes in a continued storyline out or order or reading the second novel in a series first. Getting Marvel Team-Up #60 off the racks but finding #59, which led into it, later — this is not much different than, say, reading The Black Caudron before The Book of Three. Where comic books are indeed SO MUCH COMPLICATED is that, at least where superhero-based "universes" from the Big Two publishers are concerned, characters have appeared in countless stories in countless issues, sometimes over decades, in various series making up a vast interrelated web (no Spider-Man pun intended), often with revisionist history playing a role. You want a taste of how that can be crazy, then I have just the post for you; it's a little long, but the gist of it is contained a few paragraphs in when I quote something I wrote earlier in a typewriter-style font.
Molto Media
A Peel and Lack Thereof
Screen Savor
Super Twos Day
Indie Race
3 for 3/3
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Toy Story 4 – Trailer, Poster & Image
March 19, 2019 Jason @disneygeek.com 0 Comments Pixar, Toy Story 4
LEADING THE WAY — In Disney•Pixar’s “Toy Story 4,” Bonnie’s beloved new craft-project-turned-toy, Forky, declares himself trash and not a toy, so Woody takes it upon himself to show Forky why he should embrace being a toy. Featuring Tom Hanks as the voice of Woody, and Tony Hale as the voice of Forky, “Toy Story 4” opens in U.S. theaters on June 21, 2019.
©2019 Disney•Pixar. All Rights Reserved.
Among the new faces is GABBY GABBY, an adorable, talking pull-string doll from the 1950s. But unfortunately for her, a manufacturing defect in her pull-string voice box has left her sounding anything but adorable. She has spent more than 60 years forgotten in the depths of a jam-packed antique store—her only companions are a band of voiceless ventriloquist dummies. Gabby Gabby knows someone will want her if only she can find a working voice box to repair hers.
Gabby Gabby is voiced by Christina Hendricks. “It became obvious right away that Christina was the perfect actress to play Gabby Gabby,” says director Josh Cooley. “She has the ability to sound inviting and friendly, then subtly become cold and terrifying in just a few words. It still gives me chills when I see Gabby’s introduction in the film. Also, Christina told me that she preferred playing with ventriloquist dummies over dolls as a kid. That’s when I knew it was meant to be.”
DUKE CABOOM is a 1970s toy based on Canada’s greatest stuntman. Riding his powerful Caboom stunt-cycle, Duke is always prepared to show off his stunt poses with confidence and swagger. However, Woody learns quickly that Duke has an Achilles heel: He has never been able to do the awesome stunts advertised in his own toy commercial. For years, Duke has been sitting in an antique store, constantly reliving the failures of his tragic past.
Duke Caboom is voiced by another great Canadian, Keanu Reeves. “The first time Josh [Cooley] and I talked with Keanu about the role, Keanu became Duke Caboom,” says producer Jonas Rivera. “Keanu was asking great questions that dug deep to find the soul of the character. At one point he stood up on the table in the middle of Pixar’s atrium and struck poses while proclaiming victory. It was so funny. It’s all in the movie and it’s all Keanu.”
GIGGLE MCDIMPLES is a miniature plastic doll from the 1980s Giggle McDimples toy line. Giggle is Bo Peep’s best friend. Small enough to perch on Bo’s shoulder, Giggle is Bo’s confidant, supporter and advisor. “Giggle is Bo’s Jiminy Cricket—we’re able to get insight on Bo through their relationship together,” says Cooley. “Giggle is definitely the smallest toy in the Toy Story universe. She’s been stepped on, vacuumed up, and probably put up a kid’s nose in her time.”
Ally Maki voices the tiny character. “Giggle McDimples literally pops on the screen because of Ally’s personality and infectious energy,” says Cooley. “Nobody can laugh like Ally Maki.”
BENSON is a classic, antique ventriloquist dummy, and Gabby Gabby’s right hand. He leads a small group of ventriloquist dummies that serve as Gabby’s henchmen. With no person to give them a voice, these silent toys patrol the antique store with a looming quietness that is inherently unsettling.
“The dummies are, by far, some of the creepiest characters we’ve ever created,” says producer Mark Nielsen. “Our animators really leaned into the truth in materials for how our ventriloquist dummies move. Dummies’ bodies are soft with no structure, so our dummies’ arms just dangle and their legs bend backwards. Throw in their fixed expressions with their wide eyes and big hinged jaws and they’re nightmare material—in the best way possible.”
ABOUT “TOY STORY 4”:
Woody (voice of Tom Hanks) has always been confident about his place in the world, and that his priority is taking care of his kid, whether that’s Andy or Bonnie. So when Bonnie’s beloved new craft-project-turned-toy, Forky (voice of Tony Hale), declares himself as “trash” and not a toy, Woody takes it upon himself to show Forky why he should embrace being a toy. But when Bonnie takes the whole gang on her family’s road trip excursion, Woody ends up on an unexpected detour that includes a reunion with his long-lost friend Bo Peep (voice of Annie Potts). After years of being on her own, Bo’s adventurous spirit and life on the road belie her delicate porcelain exterior. As Woody and Bo realize they’re worlds apart when it comes to life as a toy, they soon come to find that’s the least of their worries.
Directed by Josh Cooley (“Riley’s First Date?”), and produced by Jonas Rivera (“Inside Out,” “Up”) and Mark Nielsen (associate producer “Inside Out”), Disney·Pixar’s “Toy Story 4” ventures to U.S. theaters on June 21, 2019.
U.S. Release Date: June 21, 2019
Voice Cast: Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Annie Potts, Tony Hale, Keegan-Michael Key, Maddie McGraw, Christina Hendricks, Jordan Peele, Keanu Reeves, Ally Maki, Jay Hernandez, Lori Alan, Joan Cusack, Bonnie Hunt, Kristen Schaal, Emily Davis, Wallace Shawn, John Ratzenberger, Blake Clark, June Squibb, Carl Weathers, Lila Sage, Don Rickles, Jeff Garlin, Maliah Bargas-Good, Jack McGraw, Juliana Hansen, Estelle Harris
Director: Josh Cooley
Producers: Jonas Rivera, Mark Nielsen
“Toy Story,” originally released on Nov. 22, 1995, was the first fully computer animated feature film and the highest grossing movie of the year. It was nominated for three Oscars® and two Golden Globes®.
“Toy Story 2” is the first film ever to be entirely created, mastered and exhibited digitally. It was also the first animated sequel to gross more than its original, breaking opening weekend box office records in the U.S., UK and Japan, becoming the highest grossing animated release of 1999. It won the Golden Globe for best motion picture – comedy or musical. It won a Grammy® for best song written for a motion picture, television or other visual media (Randy Newman, “When She Loved Me”).
Released in 2010, “Toy Story 3” won Oscars® for best animated feature film and best achievement in music written for motion pictures, original song (Randy Newman/“We Belong Together”). The film also won a Golden Globe® and BAFTA for best animated film. It was the second Pixar film to be nominated for the best picture Oscar. It’s also Pixar’s second highest-grossing film of all time behind “Incredibles 2.”
The 2015 short “Riley’s First Date?” was helmed by director Josh Cooley and produced by Mark Nielsen.
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Is Tim Ball wanting to try the "insane" defense in his court cases, with the help of Anthony Watts?
Global warming is real and happening, yet there will probably always be a small coterie who choose to promote the craziest, wackiest conspiracy theories rather than accept reality. Anthony Watts is one such person. Soon he'll no doubt announce that he's also joined a Flat Earth Society.
I've wondered for a while if Tim Ball is wanting to try on a defense of insanity when he goes to court. Is that the reason Anthony Watts publishes his utter nutter conspiracy theories? I know Anthony is conspiratorially-minded himself and likes to play the part of the persecuted victim/hero, but I find it hard to accept that he believes the incredible dark conspiracy theories Tim spews.
Yet he promotes Tim's wackiness - often. So another idea is that Anthony Watts holds the same immensely stupid notions that Tim Ball does. In his latest piece (archived here), Tim Ball is claiming once again that global warming is a dark conspiracy. Strangely, according to Tim, this conspiratorial plot is backed by virtually all the world's climate scientists and virtually all the professional scientific organisations in the world but he still claims it's a political plot!
So how does Tim explain that, as he admits, all the experts independently looked at all the the evidence and found it supported the same conclusion? That physics, chemistry, biology, geology, agriculture, ecology, oceanography, glaciology and more - all show that global warming is real and caused by human activity.
He doesn't.
He just says that it's a "political agenda".
And what does he offer to explain what is causing global warming, if not the huge increase in greenhouse gases?
Nothing. Tim has no explanation. He offers nothing. He just calls the science of the last 200 years a "falsely created scientific fraud".
As a reminder - this is how much the world has warmed over the past 136 years. 2016 was more than 1.4 C hotter globally, than it was in the coldest year in the record.
Annual global mean surface temperature. Anomaly from the 1881-1910 mean. Data source: GISS NASA.
I also notice that Tim makes another mistake that's been pointed out to him before by lots of people. Lord May of Oxford is not the same person as Brian May, guitarist with Queen (and astrophysicist). That's a tiny error by comparison with Tim's gigantic and unbelievable conspiracy theory. The latter involves most of the world conspiring against Tim Ball and the absolute crazies among Anthony Watts' readers.
Why does Anthony Watts push Tim's loony ideas?
There's a clue in Tim's article for why Anthony Watts continues to push Tim's mish-mash of crazy. As you know, Anthony Watts wages his war on science in part by trying to discredit the world's more prominent climate scientists. He doesn't do this by showing the science wrong because he can't. He's got no evidence. (Most climate science deniers don't do science, they rely on misrepresenting the science done by real scientists.) Anthony Watts does it by pushing pseudo-science, lies and innuendo.
The clue I'm speaking about is where Tim writes, about the Nobel Prizes awarded to the IPCC and Al Gore:
I know that these are still major arguments used to support the claims of the IPCC because they are cited in most legal documents I receive and are quoted in almost every media interview I have ever done.
Is Tim hoping that the utter nutters at WUWT will give him an argument he can use in his upcoming court cases? If so, he's out of luck. (Climate scientists don't actually rely on the decision of the Nobel committee as evidence of global warming. They don't need to. They use evidence from scientific analysis of data. It's the other way around. The Nobel committee accepts the vast array of scientific evidence.)
Global Cooling isn't much help. I'm guessing from their name that Global Cooling is willing to accept Tim's crazy notions rather than admit that global warming is real. This comment won't carry much weight in a court case.
Now we have fake science in addition to fake news.
Pat Frank hasn't yet thought to ask himself why the American Physical Society would accept science. It hasn't yet occurred to him that it might be because of the preponderance of evidence. He would rather choose Tim's crazy notion that all the world's scientists have been faking data for more than a century, amazingly producing results that all point to the same thing. And no-one's been able to figure out how they've done it. Weird doesn't cover it.
I share Hal Lewis’ amazement and anger at how the APS rolled over for AGW. I still don’t know how that happened, though. What were (are) those people thinking?
I always thought physicists were the most hard-minded of people, by far the most resistant to pseudo-science, by far the most likely to scoff at nonsense. I could rely on them to keep straight the ship of rational thought. Not any more.
Leo Smith puts on his tin foil hat to protect his head against massive pressure. He hasn't the wit to think of the alternative explanation - that the APS is correct and that the science is robust.
If you disbelieve the cliamte narrative, and believe that Al gore and chums created it for political reasons, that’s one thing. What the roll-over of all major institutions points to is massive pressure being applied at a very deep level.
It’s real tinfoil hat territory. But what other explanation is there?
Geo Rubik seems to think that humble climate scientists all want power. If that's what they wanted they wouldn't have chosen science as a career. (Geo hasn't moved on to the obvious question: how did all the scientists from different disciplines all manage to get all the different data to point to the same conclusion?)
“Focus on the bad science was necessary, but once demonstrated, demands an explanation of the motive.”
There’s only one motive. Power
Tim's conspiracy theory brought out others that are equally wacky and dark. Moa wrote how he believes not only was Mother Theresa evil, Nelson Mandela was a genocidal maniac. Huh? (I'd not come across that one before.)
April 23, 2017 at 2:46 pm (excerpt)
I’m pleased you mentioned Theresa as less than a saint as Hitchens pointed out.
Nelson Mandela was also an unrepentant Communist terrorist who ordered hundreds killed in the racist South African genocide against the white minority.
Just in case you thought Rudd Istvan is in any way respectable, despite being a climate science denier, this should put any such notion to rest. ristvan wrote how he's just another utter nutter conspiracy fruitcake as bad as Tim Ball and the rest at WUWT:
Interesting essay, but not new news. UNFCCC was from the beginning a progressive political construct. IPCC is a creature thereof. Figueres was clear about its ultimate objective, as were Wirth and Edenhofer. Actual climate science never mattered. It was only a facade to support a preordained political conclusion; those scientists who played along were (to now, times are changing) richly rewarded.
But that ship has hit the rocks of reality and is foundering. Trump’s election is but one consequence. Yesterday’s March for Science protests another. If the climate science is settled, we don’t need to spend more on it and can build a wall instead with the funds. If it isn’t, then we can fire (no more grants) all the incompetent ‘played along’ climate scientists who said it was. Either way, the marchers lose.
The paranoid conspiracy weirdos at WUWT couldn't make up their mind if climate science is an evil communist plot or an evil capitalist plot. They regard scientists all over with fear and loathing, while knowing not a thing about science, or scientists, or scientific careers, or intellectual pursuit, or how knowledge is obtained. Here's a sample, showing their different notions. mark4asp wrote:
Skeptics (especially Tim Ball) promote the idea that CAGW is a green-communist plot. No. It’s more of an elite / establishment plot. Follow the money. Billionaire foundations fund the green movement. The elites are not communists.
Chimp thinks that scientists are only in it for the money, and that there's lots of money to be made doing climate science, and that climate scientists are all capitalists. That's showing a bit of independence from most at WUWT who think that all climate scientists are commie stooges.
They want communism for the masses but capitalism for themselves.
crackers345 asked a good question:
i’m always wondering why tim ball doesn’t just disprove all the ipcc’s science via technical papers published in the scientific literature, instead of writing for blogs.
it’s my understanding that ball only published 4 scientific papers during his career, none on any of the crucial issues of anthropogenic climate change. am i wrong on that?
Tim said it's not true, and pointed to a broken link to a paper that he claimed was peer-reviewed, which he managed to get published 25 years ago, in the Canadian Water Resources Journal. The paper was pretty awful, full of wrong information and denier memes. I don't know why he claimed it was peer-reviewed. On his blog page he says it was a presentation, which wouldn't have been peer-reviewed. Maybe he meant reviewed by his own peers, none of whom are climate scientists. (Tim's peers are his fellow utter nutter conspiracy freaks.) In any case, his paper/presentation was fairly ordinary by comparison with the amazing conspiracy theories he pushes these days. Tim didn't manage to show that he's been a prolific publisher of climate science papers, however, because he's not. Most of the articles in his bio aren't in journals and he's not published any papers progressing climate science. (He was a lecturer long ago, in the geography department, not a research scientist. He's not a climate scientist.)
If Roger Knights was a real sceptic, not a fake sceptic, he'd have learnt that it was someone who turned out to be a climate science denier who led the APS committee, and called on science deniers Judith Curry, Richard Lindzen and John Christy to have their say together with more reputable scientists. It didn't work. In the end the APS couldn't bring itself to favour a conspiracy theory or science denial over scientific evidence.
I suspect that the world’s scientific societies have a standard practice of calling for volunteers when a job needs doing, such as to serve on a committee to write a report. If I’m right, then those societies asked for volunteers to serve on committees to examine the CAGW question, and those who volunteered were those who felt strongly about the matter—i.e., alarmists. That’s what I suspect happened in the AGU & the APS. If so, those societies were and are naive about zealotry (or their leaderships were machiavellian warmists).
Threats to Tomorrow's World: Anniversary Address 2005, delivered by the President of the Royal Society Lord May of Oxford OM AC Kt
Labels: conspiracy theories, deluded deniers, Tim Ball
PG April 24, 2017 at 11:29 PM
Sou I don't think that Anthony intellectually supports Tim Ball's excursions. I suspect it's about income.
Anthony recently had a separation from his wife. Any marriage break-up brings economic disruption.
I earn an OK income but my wife (of 37 years) is far more successful than I am in every imaginable way and if we were to part my privileged lifestyle would take a swan dive into the toilet.
I think Anthony has made a commercial decision to encourage the Info Wars faction for reasons to do with cash. He's hurting.
If endorsements for survival seeds start to litter his site then just take it as read.
Sou April 25, 2017 at 2:42 AM
Anthony Watts has an intellect?
Your wife must be amazingly successful, PG :)
Jp April 25, 2017 at 1:51 AM
Conspiratorial simpletons are not smart enough to notice the very obvious flaw and contradiction in the "scientists worldwide are conspiring to commit scientific fraud" nonsense: over the many decades that this so-called hoax has been perpetrated there has been many conservative, AGW denying governments in charge _ Bush, Howard, Abbott, Putin are the obvious ones. How does that fit with the denier memes about governments funding the climate science scam, or conversely not funding the "real climate science" because they have an agenda. Just in case anyone's confused about what the "Real climate science" is, it's the hidden science; the secret knowledge; the non-consensus, non-IPCC science that we're being kept in the dark about. Truly dangerous stuff if it's released; it'll blow the lid off the whole scam. Heads will roll. But I'm truly puzzled _ why would the fossil-fuel loving governments of George Bush and John Howard et al go along with the fraud? Unless...oh, no...Michael Mann is the real evil puppet master. He's controlling everything and governments of all persuasions are running scared. That explains everything.
jgnfld April 25, 2017 at 2:14 AM
You've never been privileged to travel to the secret hollow volcano to meet the masked Dr. Warm?
And, to plot world domination with your fellow scientists? I have. I still tingle at the experience.
It could have been Mann behind the mask but his voice was disguised. So I cannot be sure.
Victor Venema April 25, 2017 at 7:39 AM
Projection 101. The comments on the motivations of scientists and the organisation of science describe how they feel and what they would do. I hope the USA will survive these 4 mitigation sceptical years without too much damage to the fabric of society.
jhoptoad April 25, 2017 at 10:38 PM
Projection - precisely. I've said this many times. What they're actually saying is "I have no honor or integrity. I'd lie about my life's work for peanuts, so everyone would."
Jim Spriggs April 26, 2017 at 5:15 AM
Great to be on the same page with you guys. I use that a lot too. Somehow it seems to be always taken as an insult.
Li D April 27, 2017 at 10:00 AM
Spot on about projection.
Kiwi Griff April 25, 2017 at 8:20 AM
Just so no one misses it .
Thanks for the heads up Victor.
The Paws dies.
Global temperature evolution: recent trends and some pitfalls
Stefan Rahmstorf1, Grant Foster and Niamh Cahill
http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa6825/meta;jsessionid=1442C0A8000F441D65138CFB007A09B3.c3.iopscience.cld.iop.org
Informs us what Tamino has been doing in his hiatus from his blog.
https://tamino.wordpress.com/2015/01/20/its-the-trend-stupid-3/
Was, to me, one of Tamino's best efforts.
Last words from the paper.
"It is unfortunate that a major public and media discussion has revolved around an alleged significant and unexpected slowdown in the rate of global warming, for which there never was a statistical basis in the measured global surface temperature data."
Steve April 25, 2017 at 11:08 AM
I realise that this is off topic, but is anyone aware of the latest denier meme "NOAA Radiosonde Data Shows No Warming For 58 Years"?
A denier that I am debating with sent this link:
https://realclimatescience.com/2016/03/noaa-radiosonde-data-shows-no-warming-for-58-years/
Marco April 25, 2017 at 4:04 PM
Little you can do when people trot out Tony Heller as their source. Those people are so deep in denial, they'd dismiss anything that doesn't confirm their ideas.
For example, I am certain the following paper
http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/1520-0477%282002%29083%3C0891%3ACCRDCW%3E2.3.CO%3B2
will be dismissed, because it does not show the same as what Heller shows, and talks about "adjustments".
A more objective observer would note that the paper discusses the difficulties in actually creating a radiosonde-based temperature data set, with enormous differences between groups in terms of the corrections to be applied.
Millicent April 25, 2017 at 4:34 PM
Perhaps its time for a study of the nomadic habits of Tony Heller. He seems to move camp onto different data according to some strange pattern.
You can assume that Tony Heller is dishonest. My advice is look closely to how he presents the data - you are likely to find his trick sooner or later.
Heller is showing a chart for 100mb which is probably in the stratosphere. He is not comparing apples with apples.
jgnfld April 28, 2017 at 12:31 PM
Come on now Harry...just look at his graphs for the truth. It's just "Science 101" after all!
Li D April 27, 2017 at 9:55 AM
So funny. Conspiracy dosnt even come close to scepticism.
Its just the dregs of any real discussion.
Oh i know the dregs think of themselves as Galileos, which shows just how removed from reality they are.
Conspiracy is a lazy, dishonest form of Skepticism.
THE CLIMATE WARS April 27, 2017 at 10:48 AM
Professional organizations that start out far from the national center of political gravity are the lawful prey of activists,and science enjoys no exception.
The resulting erosion of confidence is mirrored in what's become of other professions that have embraced advertising over disinterest as a Best Practice.
Ive never really thought of deniers as " activists " but, on reflection, they sort of are.
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Do orthologous gene phylogenies really support tree-thinking?
E Bapteste1,2,
E Susko1,3,
J Leigh1,2,
D MacLeod1,2,
RL Charlebois1,2 &
WF Doolittle1,2
BMC Evolutionary Biology volume 5, Article number: 33 (2005) Cite this article
Since Darwin's Origin of Species, reconstructing the Tree of Life has been a goal of evolutionists, and tree-thinking has become a major concept of evolutionary biology. Practically, building the Tree of Life has proven to be tedious. Too few morphological characters are useful for conducting conclusive phylogenetic analyses at the highest taxonomic level. Consequently, molecular sequences (genes, proteins, and genomes) likely constitute the only useful characters for constructing a phylogeny of all life. For this reason, tree-makers expect a lot from gene comparisons. The simultaneous study of the largest number of molecular markers possible is sometimes considered to be one of the best solutions in reconstructing the genealogy of organisms. This conclusion is a direct consequence of tree-thinking: if gene inheritance conforms to a tree-like model of evolution, sampling more of these molecules will provide enough phylogenetic signal to build the Tree of Life. The selection of congruent markers is thus a fundamental step in simultaneous analysis of many genes.
Heat map analyses were used to investigate the congruence of orthologues in four datasets (archaeal, bacterial, eukaryotic and alpha-proteobacterial). We conclude that we simply cannot determine if a large portion of the genes have a common history. In addition, none of these datasets can be considered free of lateral gene transfer.
Our phylogenetic analyses do not support tree-thinking. These results have important conceptual and practical implications. We argue that representations other than a tree should be investigated in this case because a non-critical concatenation of markers could be highly misleading.
Tree-thinking, the explanation of evolutionary events in the context of a tree, has inspired many philosophers and evolutionists [1]. Some tree-thinkers classically employed this pattern, labelling it the "organismal tree," and arguing that it depicts the dividing pattern of cells, the path of the envelope division of living beings through time [2] (if no cell-cell fusion occurs [3]). Other authors, even if they have retained this drawing to describe evolution, have redefined the meaning of the tree as a "prevailing trend in the evolution of genome-scale gene sets rather than as a complete picture of evolution" [4]. In any case, the reconstruction of the vertical history is decisive and relies on defining sets of congruent characters [5–7]. At the morphological level, such comparable characters are hardly identifiable. In prokaryotes, it is only with the advance of molecular phylogenetics that classification has experienced a hopeful yet limited rebound [8]. For a tree-thinker, the use of orthologue genes could unite practical and conceptual advantages. They allow us to describe the organism from the molecules, because they fit perfectly within the traditional approach of molecular phylogenetics for which the history of genes tells the history of species. They provide a vast quantity of comparable characters, and since they have been inherited from ancestor to descendants, they should likely be congruent, retracing the history of species diversification [9]. Such ideal markers are needed to reconstruct a convincing phylogenetic tree, if the tree is the right model for representing evolution.
In practice, the identification of congruent genes is mostly based on exclusion of potentially incongruent markers (i.e., paralogues, xenologues). Only broadly distributed orthologues are generally retained, if their individual phylogenies do not support apparently odd relationships [7, 9–11]. The set of candidate congruent markers is sometimes further tested. Genes are concatenated to maximise the phylogenetic signal they contain, and a best tree is inferred from this large dataset. Statistical approaches are then used to test whether individual markers reject this best tree. If they fail to reject it, genes are claimed to be congruent with it. If some genes reject it, they are secondarily excluded from the core. This process is repeated until the dataset stabilizes.
Generally, these successive conditions allow the retention of a small minority of the genes present in an initial set of genomes [7]. The quantity of molecular information in these genes might thus be critical in resolving ancient phylogenetic relationships. In this context, simultaneous analyses are seen as the logical solution to produce a robust tree:supertrees [12–14] or a posteriori consensus approaches [15] can be employed. Supertree methods assemble an input set of separate phylogenetic trees with shared taxa into a larger tree [13, 16] (or several trees). By fitting variously supported clades together, they allow large phylogenies based on different characters to be constructed rapidly and have been applied to a broad range of species [17]. Consensus approaches, such as sequences concatenation [5, 18] or by averaging over a large number of genes [19, 20] produce resolved phylogenies by overwhelming noise with signal that is presumed to be systematically congruent and historically true, though weak.
These approaches, aiming to produce a tree-like pattern whether the tree is the right model for representing evolution or not, are derived from a tree-thinking perspective. This could, however, be flawed, and deserves criticism on conceptual and statistical grounds. First, some genes have been shown not to follow a simple model of inheritance. For instance, lateral transfers of genetic material are common in nature. All living systems from viruses [21] to eukaryotes [22] can participate in the transfer of genetic material. They occur within domains of life, but also across domains, for different markers. There is now broad general agreement that lateral gene transfer (LGT) is a major force in the evolution of prokaryotes [23–27]. Additional evidence suggests that gene transfer might also be an important evolutionary mechanism in protist evolution. Andersson et al. [28] recently reported that alanyl-tRNA synthetase had been transferred from Nanoarchaeota to Diplomonads and Parabasalids. The same authors [29] showed that LGT has affected both eukaryotes and prokaryotes with respect to glutamate dehydrogenase. Recombination is also an issue for tree-reconstruction. Software such as Splitstree [30] or T-Rex [31] were developed to acknowledge this. A tree-thinker may choose to ignore conflicting signal as if it was noise, even if legitimate evolutionary events underlie it [18]. However, if this "noise" is in fact bona fide phylogenetic signal, then maybe tree-thinking is inappropriate.
The failure of individual markers to reject a concatenation-tree [7] is not a real test that genes are congruent. There are many reasons why a single gene can fail to reject a tree issued from a concatenation, many of which do not imply that these genes are effectively in favour of this single history [32]. Briefly, the best tree of a concatenation, being an average of the weak signals and noise in many genes can be a central tendency with very low discriminative power. The fact that every gene "agrees" with such a tree does not mean the concatenation tree is true, just that it reflects a part of the signal/noise of every gene. Importantly, this apparent "agreement" is also expected if individual markers contain very little phylogenetic signal. A weak marker would fail to reject most of the test trees, not only the concatenation tree.
The relative weakness of individual markers can be tested statistically when considering not only the concatenation tree but also many different trees. If several different topologies cannot be rejected by a given gene, then, unfortunately, its phylogeny does not tell us much about its actual history. For this reason, some analyses of congruence use multiple alternative test topologies [11, 33]. Such analyses describe each gene by a list of likelihood or p-values associated with a set of given topologies. These lists are summarized in a large matrix of genes and topologies, which is subsequently treated by clustering methods. For instance, in principal component analyses (PCA), each gene is represented as a point in a two-dimensional projection of its position in n-dimensional space, the coordinates for each gene in that space being related to its degree of support for each of the n tree topologies tested. Thus, genes supporting and rejecting the same sets of trees should group together, constituting a cloud, while genes with atypical support/rejection patterns of topologies should be displayed elsewhere on the PCA [10]. Most of the time, PCAs produce a central cloud containing most of the markers. From this, authors generally conclude that the markers in a cloud are congruent [10, 11]. However, again, a cloud of genes in a PCA may have various explanations, which differ from each gene in a cloud supporting the same history. Genes can still be lacking signal. The set of topologies might be too restricted or biased to allow discrimination between genes: if the vast majority of the topologies are very unlikely, none of them will ever be favoured, and differential clustering is unexpected. Yet, in no case would common rejection of unlikely topologies assess that the markers are congruent. Finally, even genes with different robust signal (i.e., due to recent LGT) might cluster together on a PCA, if the set of test-topologies does not allow us to identify this relationship.
Interestingly, these features can be investigated more explicitly by an alternative statistical approach: the heat map [34]. We have thus decided to re-explore the congruence in some datasets of orthologues with this method. Briefly, heat maps (HMs) generate graphs through hierarchical or partitional clustering. They allow the simultaneous display and clustering of all combinations of genes and test conditions together [35–37]. Thus genes that have the most similar responses to topologies, and topologies that are the most similar in terms of the responses they evoke from genes, can be independently identified. More precisely, when applied to phylogenetics, "responses" are p-values for each set of genes, given those topologies. Clustering of genes allows identification of one or more set of genes that might share a common evolutionary history. Clustering of topologies allows us to identify which trees are equally or nearly equally supported, and thus to assess how many distinct "best trees" there might be for a dataset of genes.
In this paper, we investigate the phylogenetic signal of four datasets in order to address a simple question: do the phylogenies of orthologs really favour tree-thinking and thus justify attempts of tree-reconstruction? Can we be reasonably confident that their history is free of LGT? We observe that no unique common history can be established for these genes. In all cases, genes fail to favour a single tree. We also observe that some of these genes support incongruent histories. Consequently, the tree-thinking on which gene concatenations rest does not proceed from phylogenetic conclusions, nor is it a priori a safe phylogenetic practice. We argue that using only the robustly resolved parts of individual phylogenies without necessarily expecting a tree as a result is likely more appropriate.
Testing the phylogenetic information of datasets of orthologues
We used heat map analyses to investigate both the congruence and the absence of LGT in four selections of orthologues, two features that would be in favour of the reconstruction of an organismal tree, recently challenged by multiple analyses of comparative genomics. Indeed, it was showed that gene gains and gene losses contributed to the evolution of a substantial majority of orthologous sets of prokaryotic proteins [38–40]. Such results suggested that the simple notion of a single Tree of Life that would accurately and definitively depict the evolution of all life forms was gone forever [4]. Wolf et al. [4] concluded that the concept of a tree could only be rescued by weakening its meaning, and considering it only as "a central trend in the rich patchwork of evolutionary history, replete with gene loss and horizontal transfer events".
To test whether the reconstruction of any organismal tree was then phylogenetically justified when simultaneously using multiple orthologues, our heat maps contain two kinds of markers: artificial ones, with up to three simulated LGT events, and actual ones. A red rectangle at the left of the heat map identifies the actual markers, while a blue rectangle indicates the artificial markers (Figure 1). For each dataset, a set of plausible topologies was selected from the study of the phylogenetic signal of the markers. These plausible topologies correspond to the trees supported by a large majority of the markers. The support was estimated as the p-values from the AU test. This support is displayed in the heat map through a colour code. Lighter colours indicate a higher probability of the data given the tree (that is, stronger support) while greener colours indicate lower probabilities (stronger rejection). Heat maps were also double-clustered to group genes with similar pattern of support/rejection along columns, and to group topologies receiving similar support/rejection along rows. These hierarchical clusters are represented by a tree of genes and a tree of topologies along the heat map. Hence, to know which and how many topologies a given gene supports, one simply needs to look along its corresponding column in the heat map. If a gene is very discriminatory and favours only a few topologies, the column will be mostly green. In contrast, a gene with a weak phylogenetic signal is unable to decide between multiple topologies and its column is mostly light-coloured.
Figure 1A. displays the heat map for the archaeal dataset, Figure 1B. for the eukaryotic dataset. Heat maps include two kinds of markers: actual ones, indicated by a red rectangle at the left of the heat map, and artificial markers with extreme LGT (see main text), indicated in blue. They are based on a set of plausible topologies (see main text). The number of genes and topologies in the analysis are indicated on the heat map. These heat maps are double-clustered by genes and by topologies. The hierarchical clusters are represented by a tree of genes and a tree of topologies along the heat map. In the left band, the relative distribution of red and blue rectangles reflects the presence/absence of clustering of actual markers with artificial ones. Inside a heat map each dot of colour corresponds to the p-value for a given gene and a given topology. The p-values range from 0 (rejection) to 1 (support). The colour code associated with these p-values (from green for rejection to white for support) are reported above the heatmap. On the right of each heat map, the orange brackets indicate regions containing markers with a weak discriminatory power; the green brackets indicate regions containing markers with a stronger discriminatory power. Amongst the markers with a stronger phylogenetic signal, pink arrows point to some instances of conflicting signal in actual markers. They indicate different columns displaying a contrasting pattern of colour and contradictory p-values for several orthologues in a dataset.
We feel that our heat maps challenge the use of a tree-like pattern to describe molecular evolution. There was always more than one plausible topology retained (see Additional file 1 for a description of the diversity of these plausible topologies). Archaeal and eukaryotic markers favoured 60 and 92 topologies, respectively (Figures 1A and 1B), and alpha-proteobacterial markers (Figure 2A) favoured 12 different trees. Among those best topologies, none are supported by all the genes. Instead, a given topology is accepted by some markers and rejected by others, leading to multiple multicolour lines in mosaic heat maps. The absence of an entirely light line means that genes fail to agree on a single topology, even though they reject many of them and thus do contain some phylogenetic signal. This seems compatible with the redefined "weak" view of the tree. By contrast, the bacterial markers were apparently more discriminating and retained two plausible trees only (Figure 2B), one of which was supported by most of the actual markers. Furthermore, these two topologies are compatible. Could these results support an organismal tree? In fact, these trees consist of two star-phylogenies, which differ only in their ability to recover the monophyly of proteobacteria, and do not resolve any deep relationships between accepted monophyletic groups otherwise. The absence of basal resolution leaves all possibilities concerning the process of molecular evolution in bacteria open. Such a star-tree can be explained either by multiple ancient LGT events, a radiation, or the lack of ancient phylogenetic signal.
Figure 2A. displays the heat map for the alphaproteobacterial dataset and figure 2B for the bacterial dataset. See the legend of Figure 1 for details.
Interestingly, even though many positive controls for LGT are easily identified by the heat map by their propensity to reject the plausible topologies, the discrimination between actual markers and artificial ones is far from absolute. Some artificial genes cannot be distinguished from groups of actual markers (Figures 1B and 2A). In all the heat maps, a significant proportion of weakly discriminating genes is present. We do not know how vertical their phylogenetic history is, because not only do they agree with many different trees, but sometimes they also cluster with artificial markers. Moreover, some actual genes behave as groups of markers with transfers (see Figures 1A and 2B, for instance) and constitute common clusters of markers rejecting most of the plausible topologies. It is tempting to suggest that these genes may have undergone LGT. This would be the case for instance for rpl37ae, rpl15e in archaea (Figure 1A) or fmt in bacteria (Figure 2B).
Finally, independently of the positive controls, actual markers with a strong phylogenetic signal do not necessarily agree. We indicated by pink arrows some instances where conflicting patterns of colour are observed. Every heat map presents several such cases. These disagreements between orthologues and also sometimes the rejection of all plausible trees cannot be taken as evidence that there is a unique true tree for all these genes. We will investivage these cases further in the near future. The message of these heat map analyses is rather that we do not know if orthologues of these datasets share a unique history or not, and there is reason to suspect that they might not.
Attempted departure from tree-thinking
Let's then forget the tree-pattern and briefly consider one instance of what a different but cautious phylogenetic method could teach us. We further explored the dataset of alpha-proteobacteria, for which we had concluded that the presence of LGT could not be rejected nor could the existence of a unique history be proven. We freed ourselves from a priori tree-drawing constraints and, with the simple goal of summarizing the safe phylogenetic information of each marker, we obtained a graph that is not a tree. In this synthesis (Figure 3), 25 vertical branches are visible as well as 4 lateral branches. The comparison of the total support for the horizontal and vertical branches indicates that the vertical signal is about 15 times more important than the horizontal signal. A large majority of the genes in this dataset (30/34) does not seem to have been laterally transferred, and many parts of the inferred vertical backbone are relatively robust. However, only node 3A, the clade of Rickettsiales, is supported by all the 34 gene trees. In all the other cases, we would not be right to claim that the vertical backbone corresponds to the common history for all or even most of the markers. For instance, 21 genes do not tell anything about node 2A. Why should we then assume that these 21 markers were subjected to this pattern of vertical inheritance? Certainly, phylogeny alone does not tell us that, and the synthesis shows us clearly that we simply do not know what the history of most genes is, for most of the nodes. Finally, there are still 4 genes (rps19, rps10, rpl14 and rpoB) that have likely undergone LGT. LGT between these species occurred only once, thus no generality can be inferred from them, except that 75% of them correspond to local rearrangements of the concatenation tree. More precisely, rps19 was transmitted from Ehrlichia to Neorickettsia, rpl14 was transmitted from Mesorhizobium to Agrobacterium and rps10 of Rhodobacter apparently comes laterally from a species not studied in this dataset. The origin of the rpoB of Rhizobiales is, however, more complex and it cannot be mapped directly onto the reference tree, since multiple donors are possible.
Figure 3 displays the synthesis of 34 alphaproteobacterial genes (atp1, atp6, atp9, cob, cox2, cox3, nad1, nad2, nad3, nad4, nad4l, nad5, nad6, nad7, nad8, nad11, rpl2, rpl5, rpl6, rpl11, rpl14, rpl16, rpoA, rpoB, rpoC, rps7, rps10, rps12, rps13, rps14, rps19, sdh2, sdh3 and tufA). The proposed vertical-inheritance backbone representing the concatenation tree is shown in dark blue, with the line thickness of an internal branch corresponding to the frequency of its support across the whole dataset. Support was considered significant when clades received > 50% bootstrap support. Putative LGT events are in orange, connecting donors (circles) with recipients (arrowheads); where there are multiple possible donor candidates, these converge onto a double arrowhead. This happens when the clade founded by a past LGT donor may have subsequently had its species membership obfuscated by later exchanges of genetic material, yielding a non-reference assemblage of species labels in a presumed lineage. Where the apparent donor of a gene falls outside of the taxa included in the analysis, one is created as a basal group taxon, indicated in light blue. In order to avoid graphical congestion, branches in the tree may be artificially extended, as dotted segments.
Heat map analyses are powerful statistical methods to investigate correlations in multiple markers. Certainly, any conclusion deduced from their study depends on the set of topologies, genes and p-values investigated. However, this cannot be seen as a rebuttal in itself to reject this approach. In fact, the same issue arises for any phylogenetic and statistical analyses comparing trees. Importantly, some propositions could be extrapolated from these heat maps applied to the three domains of Life. First, we observed several cases where it was impossible to separate markers with an extremely atypical phylogenetic signal from actual markers. More than a weakness of the method (PCA does the same, data not shown), this might be explained by a relative weakness of the phylogenetic signal contained in many markers. What we report then is simple and sadly not surprising: the genes of eukaryotes and alpha-proteobacteria, for instance, cannot really discriminate between several different topologies. This absence of convergence on a single topology is obviously not evidence for LGT in itself. It is, however, a major issue, since it indicates that with phylogenetic analyses and statistical tools only, we often cannot decide if LGT is present in datasets of orthologues. The broad bacterial and archaeal datasets seem principally free from such extreme recent events. Indeed, in their heat maps, the majority of genes with transfer can be separated from actual markers. There are, however, some instances of LGT in these heatmaps too, since they present clusters of genes with LGT rejecting all the plausible topologies in which some actual markers are also found. Hence, overall, there is no strong phylogenetic evidence that any of these datasets are really comprised of congruent genes.
This could be problematic because phylogeneticists, raised as classical tree-thinkers, often desire a tree or a supertree. We feel that they might be prone to forget/accept the fundamental weaknesses of the markers they use to reconstruct the past. It could matter because if these analyses mix together markers with arguably different histories, the phylogenetic Tree of Life will be simply a phenetic tree, a "Trend of Life," averaging noise, signal, and different histories of markers to fit an a priori pattern. In other words, a phylogeneticist who would assume that he had reconstructed the organismal tree from orthologues and produced a genealogy of organisms instead of a central tendency might be a victim of an extreme version of tree-thinking. Yet, no phylogeneticist has to be an extreme tree-thinker anymore, because there is no phylogenetic evidence for that. Consequently, we see the present conclusion as a positive one. In fact, this work should encourage attempts to explore more accurately the phylogeny of organisms. We propose that a safer, more punctual use of the phylogenetic signal of orthologues could be envisioned. On one hand, "whereof one cannot speak thereof one must be silent" applies [42], while on the other hand we cautiously and resolutely report all the phylogenetic information that we can. Acknowledging that a strong version of tree-thinking has still to be proven and should not be assumed a priori, and that a weak version could be refined, we could reduce the risk of building a hazardous evolutionary history from the largely unknown phylogenetic signal of orthologues. This acknowledgement would also allow us to maximise the number of genes available for phylogenetic analysis, instead of limiting cautious simultaneous analyses to a few congruent markers. It may not produce a tree in the end, but would surely be more grounded.
Alignments and preliminary phylogenetic analyses
One eukaryotic dataset and three prokaryotic datasets (archaea, bacteria, and alpha-proteobacteria) were investigated. The eukaryotic dataset (34 genes:a-rad51, c-psma, d-rpl12e, e-ef2, rpl10a, rpl10b, rpl11b, rpl13a, rpl15e, rpl19e, rpl28e, rpl37a, rpl1, rpl10, rpl17, rpl18, rpl2, rpl26, rpl27, rpl3, rpl30, rpl9, rps11, rps15, rps16, rps19, rps20, rps23, rps4, rps8, rps15p, rps27e, sap40, srs, 17 species:S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, E. cuniculi,,G. theta nucleomorph, P. yezoensis, A. thaliana, O. sativa, C. reinhardtii, D. melanogaster, H. sapiens, C. elegans, D. discoideum, E. histolytica, P falciparum, T. gondii, T. pyriformis and P. infestans) is a subset from Bapteste et al. [5] The archaeal dataset (44 informational genes: rpl10, rpl14p, rpl15e, rpl15p, rpl18e, rpl18p, rpl19e, rpl21e, rpl22p, rpl23p, rpl24e, rpl24p, rpl2p, rpl30p, rpl31e, rpl32e, rpl37ae, rpl3p, rpl40e, rpl44e, rpl4p, rpl5p, rpl6p, rpl7ae, rps10p, rps11p, rps12p, rps13, rps14p, rps15p, rps17e, rps17p, rps19e, rps19p, rps24e, rps2p, rps3p, rps4e, rps4p, rps5p, rps6e, rps7p, rps8e, rps8p, 18 species:S. solfataricus, A. pernix, P. aerophilum, M. kandleri, P. abyssi, P. horikoshii, P. furiosus, T. acidophilum, T. volcanium, A. fulgidus, M. maripaludis, M. acetivorans, H. marismortui, M. thermoautotrophicus, S. tokodaii, F. acidarmanus, M. jannashii and Halobacterium sp.) corresponds to an update of Brochier et al. [6], including Nanoarchaea and some methanogenic species. The bacterial dataset (45 genes: efg, fmt, if1, if2, ksga, npt, rba, rf2, rpl1, rpl10, rpl11, rpl14, rpl15, rpl16, rpl17, rpl18, rpl19, rpl2, rpl20, rpl21, rpl23, rpl24, rpl27, rpl29, rpl3, rpl32, rpl34, rpl35, rpl4, rpl5, rpl6, rpl7, rpl9, rps11, rps12, rps13, rps2, rps20, rps3, rps4, rps5, rps6, rps7, rps8, rps9, trmd, 28 species:P. gingivalis, C. tepidum, P. marinus, D. radiodurans, B. anthracis, B. subtilis, C. difficile, S. pyogenes, M. leprae, M. tuberculosis, S. coelicolor, T. maritima, A. aeolicus, B. burgdorferi, T. pallidum, C. pneumoniae, C. trachomatis, C. jejuni, H. pylori, C. crescentus, R. capsulatus, R. prowazekii, B. pertussis, N. meningitidis, N. europaea, E. coli, P. aeruginosa and V. cholerae) corresponds to the core of genes identified in Brochier et al. [33]. The alpha-proteobacterial dataset (34 genes: see Figure 3 for their name, 13 species) corresponds to orthologous proteins shared by the mitochondria of Reclinomonas and all alpha-proteobacteria. All these alignments were inspected, manually refined if required, and are available upon request. For all individual markers, preliminary analyses by NJ using MUST.3.0 [43] and Maximum likelihood (ML) using PROML with the JTT amino acid substitution matrix, a rate heterogeneity model with gamma-distributed rates over four categories with the α parameter estimated using TREE-PUZZLE, global rearrangements and randomized input order of sequences (10 jumbles), were done to exclude potential non-orthologous copies, but no such copies were identified. For each dataset, all the genes were concatenated to calculate a best tree by ML (PROML + JTT model + 9 categories). Lengths of the concatenations were approximately 6300, 7300, 7800, 5900 for archaea, bacteria, alpha-proteobacteria, and eukaryotes, respectively. The best ML tree was calculated for each gene individually by the same methodology.
Constitution of matrices for statistical analyses
A set of topologies for each dataset was constructed to test the congruence and the phylogenetic signal between markers. They contain alternatives to the best concatenation tree for each dataset. The best ML tree issued from a concatenation of the markers in a dataset was used as a reference and rearranged by moving each species of the tree to any other possible location to simulate recent LGT inside a reference tree. The dataset also included (i) a star topology, (ii) topologies supporting only a single robust monophyletic group, (iii) topologies containing all the accepted monophyletic groups, but also showing one event of LGT. For instance, in case (iii), the clade of Ferroplasma/Thermosplasma includes a Methanosarcina that should have been located in another clade, under the hypothesis of an organismal reference tree. This approach generated a set of 868/1197/1142 and 443 test topologies for archaea, eukaryotes, bacteria and alpha-proteobacteria, respectively. These input trees are given in Additional file 2. They were used as user trees in TREE-PUZZLE5.1, option -wsl, with a JTT+Γ 8+I model of evolution to estimate the likelihood of each site of a given gene and global tree likelihoods for each tree. These two sets of likelihood values were used as input for CONSEL [44] to perform the Approximately Unbiased (AU) test [45] and associate a p-value to each set of generated trees.
To test if the actual markers behave differently from genes with LGT, datasets of markers presenting different degrees of LGT were generated as follows. We randomly assigned the sequence of one species to another one, as if the latter has just laterally acquired the sequence of the former. After this operation, a gene alignment presents one additional extreme and recent LGT event. We reiterated this up to three times per gene, generating up to three additional LGT events in a single alignment. These alignments are the positive controls for LGT. If the statistics of genes with LGT are identical to those of actual markers, LGT presence cannot be excluded.
Heat map analysis was implemented in R http://www.r-project.org/. Heat maps of p-values of the AU test were used to test that genes support similar topologies. A spot with a dark green colour indicates low p-values for a topology tested for a given gene. By contrast, a spot with a light colour indicates high p-values, i.e. good support for this topology by a given gene. These spots of colour can be clustered to highlight the presence of patterns of support/ rejection, by rearranging rows and columns separately for genes and topologies, so that they correspond to a dendrogram from hierarchical clustering. In this way, clusters of genes (topologies) showing similar patterns of support across topologies (genes) are grouped together and easily seen. Hierarchical clustering dendrograms were obtained using the Euclidean distance matrix for the vectors of p-values. The definition of the number of clusters will be discussed in a future paper.
To completely summarize patterns of support for topologies it would be necessary to include all possible topologies. This is impractical for the data sets here (even the set of a priori plausible topologies included makes visualization difficult). To utilize the information from tests over a large number of topologies while easing visualization of results, we present heat maps with a restricted set of "plausible" topologies for which the majority of genes had a p-value larger than 0.05. This set of plausible topologies is thus constructed under the hypothesis of interest that genes should share support for a single topology due to their common vertical descent. The set is also larger than required under the hypothesis that genes come from a single topology due to common vertical descent. Under this hypothesis, the p-values for that topology should be uniformly distributed across genes so that 95% of the genes are expected to have p-values larger than 0.05 for this topology. With probability larger than 0.95, at least 90 out of 100 genes should have p-values larger than 0.05 for the correct topology. Thus the set of plausible topologies could be restricted to the set with p-values greater than 0.05 for 80 to 90% of the genes. Since, for the datasets considered here, restriction to topologies with a majority of p-values larger than 0.05 eased visualization sufficiently, we did not make further restrictions. Note that the full set of topologies is being utilized, since with a larger set of initial topologies, a larger set of plausible topologies will be found. In principle, the initial set of topologies should be large enough that all topologies satisfying the criteria of plausibility are included.
Synthesis reconstruction
The synthesis of alpha-proteobacteria [32] was inferred from the analyses of the 34 ML trees for 13 species. ML trees were calculated as described above. Their bootstrap support values represent a consensus (obtained using CONSENSE) of 100 Fitch-Margoliash distance trees (obtained using PUZZLEBOOT and FITCH) from pseudo-replicates (obtained using SEQBOOT) of the original alignment. The settings of PUZZLEBOOT were the same as those used for PROML, except that global rearrangements and randomized input order of sequences are not available in this program. PROML, CONSENSE, FITCH and SEQBOOT are from the PHYLIP package version 3.6a http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.html. PUZZLEBLOOT can be obtained from the TREE-PUZZLE website http://www.tree-puzzle.de. The clades supported with more than 50% bootstrap support in these 34 gene trees were compared to the concatenation tree of alpha-proteobacteria using two programs: Horizstory and Lumbermill [46]. These programs can be downloaded from http://coffee.biochem.dal.ca/. Briefly, Horizstory allows inference of the most parsimonious scenarios involving LGT and vertical descent to explain the common features and the discrepancies between the concatenation tree and each of the 34 gene trees. Lumbermill draws the synthesis by mapping the outcomes of these scenarios onto the reference tree. A strict consensus option was applied, meaning that only the relationships supported or inferred in 100% of the evolutionary scenarios resulting from the comparison between the reference and a given tree were considered in this drawing.
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We thank O. Zhaxybayeva and D. Walsh for careful readings. Preliminary sequence data for Anaplasma phagocytophylum was obtained from The Institute for Genomic Research website at http://www.tigr.org. EB was supported by a grant from CIHR (MOP4467). JL was supported by a Student Research Award from the Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation.
GenomeAtlantic, 1721 Lower Water Street, Suite 401, Halifax, NS, B3J 1S5, Canada
E Bapteste, E Susko, J Leigh, D MacLeod, RL Charlebois & WF Doolittle
Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, 5850 College St., Halifax, NS, B3H 1X5, Canada
E Bapteste, J Leigh, D MacLeod, RL Charlebois & WF Doolittle
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
E Susko
E Bapteste
J Leigh
D MacLeod
RL Charlebois
WF Doolittle
Correspondence to E Bapteste.
EB did the phylogenetic analyses, provided the ideas and wrote the paper, ES implemented the heat map analyses and provided ideas, JL created the alphaproteobacterial dataset, DM implemented Lumbermill, RLC implemented Horizstory, WFD provided ideas.
Additional File 1: The diversity of plausible topologies (TXT 813 KB)
Additional File 2: Input trees for the AU test (PPT 80 KB)
Bapteste, E., Susko, E., Leigh, J. et al. Do orthologous gene phylogenies really support tree-thinking?. BMC Evol Biol 5, 33 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-5-33
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Organismal Tree
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[PDF.12ac] Inspired 3D Character Animation
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Diaz & Sons - Multilinear Subspace Learning: Dimensionality Reduction of Multidimensional Data (Chapman & Hall/CRC Machine Learning & Pattern Recognition)
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The Two Worst Television Commercials of Super Bowl 47
by David Boles.In Celebrity Semiotic.22 Comments on The Two Worst Television Commercials of Super Bowl 47
Super Bowl 47 was played last night — and while it was a great game — the whole spectacle of the Super Bowl is totally played out. The halftime show is boring and unspectacular — how many times do we have to see Beyoncé bouncing her booty in our homes to get the point that she has an enormous butt? The television commercials are predictable. The “funny” commercials always end in a jokey, visual, “gotcha” you can see coming a mile away — while the “serious” commercials drip a sugary false-sympathy that enrages one to screaming and bloodletting.
Here are the two worst Super Bowl 47 television commercials. They are the worst because they try to play up to the best of us, but they only play down to us by trying to yank — not tug or pull — on our jaded and withering heartstrings.
The first failure involves a Jeep commercial — BOOMINGLY narrated by OPRAH! — where she tries as hard as she can to squeeze out some authenticity for the “troops” who will make us “whole again” as a nation when they return home so we can all buy a Jeep and be good Americans. Really? You’re using soldiers, and their families, to play a heightened jingoistic meme — to sell us Jeeps? I’ve never seen such a brash crassness before and instead of making me weep a little, I was raging at the TV screen for trying so hard to be so manipulative and “memorable” — and I was disappointed, but not really surprised, Oprah lent her voice and reputation to such a condescending and cloying commercial:
The second most-awful television commercial of Super Bowl 47 was one that took a similar, emotionally manipulative, angle on us to sell us — a Dodge Ram Truck!
I grew up listening to Paul Harvey’s News and Comment and when I heard Paul’s voice pumping from my television, I stopped to listen. His narrative was bright and Godly and all about farmers — great stuff, because his performance was delivered long ago in a live hall to a room filled with people and, unlike the icky Oprah, Paul Harvey was trying to celebrate farmers back then, not sell us a motor vehicle in 2013:
We can forgive Paul Harvey for his horrible involvement in selling us trucks, because he died in 2009, but we cannot forgive Dodge Ram Trucks or the Paul Harvey estate for what they’ve done to ruin the reputation of the dead newsman. Sure, Paul Harvey was all about selling the word — his word — but if Paul were alive today, I can’t imagine he’d let his glorious farmer narrative be used in such a dead and crass manner.
We all know Oprah is a media hooker — and always will be — but her involvement in exploiting the military to sell us a Jeep is probably the worst misstep a celebrity will make this year, and we’re barely out of January.
commercialsdodgejeepoprahpaul harveysuper bowl 47television
Janna M. Sweenie says:
Do you think it will be possible to have a Super Bowl without any television commercials one day? They just never stop and take up the whole football game.
I think the Super Bowl is now played so television commercials can be aired. You could have a Super Bowl with fewer interruptions, but there’s no way to avoid somebody trying to sell you something. I wish the Super Bowl would have ONE sponsor — who would pay for everything, and we wouldn’t have these fake “best of” Super Bowl TV commercial “debates” on TV and online.
I have read that 58 ad spots sold this year, netting $75,000,000 for the network. That seems quite costly for one company to cover — albeit not impossible! They could have a series of advertisements, perhaps. Or maybe there would be no advertisements at all, and during the game they would just continually remind you that the game is being brought to you by that company.
The Super Bowl should go Pay-Per-View. They’d make a whole lot more money, but the players wouldn’t like it as much because they wouldn’t get the same exposure.
Brielle Anne Wesley says:
I agree, I think the Superbowl should be about, just that, the Superbowl. The fact that it has become advertising time of the year for some companies and the fact that I heard many people say they watch the Superbowl just for the commercials and who performs at the halftime show is beginning to become more and more painful every time I hear it.
Right, Brielle! The Super Bowl is all about Big Old Money. It needs to get young again at halftime and in the advertising expectation. Young doesn’t have to mean immature, but rather “young” as in fresh and not over-saturated.
We’re tired of the Doritos commercials and the gross out Go Daddy stuff that is all so predictable. Why can’t we have a fresh halftime performance instead of a droning monotone of a group that is either washed up or on its way down the hill?
Give me the Alabama Shakes instead of Beyonce, or Madonna or The Who, or the Rolling Stones or Springsteen or Aerosmith… and I’ll be happy! SMILE!
http://bolesblogs.com/2012/10/02/blues-grooving-with-alabama-shakes/
Oh wow! I would love it if Aerosmith were to perform at the halftime show! A beautiful display of King and Queens or Dream On is definitely something I would NEVER hesitate watch over and over again.
Super Bowl 35 is your wish granted — starting at 3:35!
http://youtu.be/_-oJKyHHxKk
I can not begin to explain how much you just made my day just now. I need to go listen to my Aerosmith album on my iPod right now! I love Aerosmith!
Love it, Brielle! Steven Tyler is great in that band — but on American Idol? Not so much. I’m glad he left that awful show.
I am so glad I am not the only person who thought that! American Idol has gotten out of control too, but what can you do? Anyway, back to the awesomeness that is Steven Tyler, I seriously need to go listen to my Nine Lives album or at least my Best of…
I’m with you on all counts, Brielle!
I remained in blissful ignorance of the whole spectacle – except for these snippets here. Facebook opinion was that the Doritos advert was the worst . I love the idea of having one sponsor for the event – with maybe each advert or entertainment piece reflecting a different aspect of their product. How about taking it a stage further and getting schools and colleges – or universtities each produing an advert for the product and the top ten or twenty being aired at the Superbowl . If you want to keep it semi commercial you could have a representative from the advertising agencies mentoring the teams – a great lesson in trickle down economics – and a great investment back into the community.
Lucky you! SMILE!
I watch the Super Bowl because I do enjoy the spectacle of it all — and in the past, it used to be fun and enjoyable — but now all the advertising is mean and crass and humiliation-humor based. It’s disgusting to watch because it is all so cynical.
I love your college plan! That would return the game to the people instead of having the whole event overrun with trying to sell you something.
M'ode 2 Geek says:
Honestly, I don’t even watch the Super Bowl but twitter kept peaking my curiosity with all the commentary about certain commercials, so I went and looked them up on youtube. The Dodge Ram farmer commercial honestly was pretty powerful in the telling of the farmer’s story, but totally baffled me when the commercial turned out to be about the truck:/. The other commercial that left me wide-eyed was the Go Daddy commercial, I don’t understand how that stunt could possibly get them any more customers because that was just awckward to watch.
Hiya, and thanks for the excellent comment!
I think both commercials I mentioned are quite good in how they manipulate emotion — except for the last 10 seconds of each as the logo and visual sales pitch are made, and that ruins the entire effort and you feel ripped off for caring about a vehicle. If they must manipulate us like that… leave us wondering who sponsored that commercial… and if we look it up later on our own, it might begin to feel more honest and genuine and less “Buy This Now!”
Are you talking about the Go Daddy commercial with the Supermodel kissing the ugly Geek? If so, “Yuck!” — and, that’s what Go Daddy wants, right? A YUCK response — and yet that makes no sense. My wife actually screamed when she saw them kissing and, after she recovered, I asked her, “What were they selling? She didn’t know. She guessed it had to be Doritos or something you eat because they were sharing spit and mouth tonsils. That, to me, is a failure of advertising when the very people you want to reach leave the room screaming and then later they think you’re selling corn chips instead of websites.
no problem! and yes I was talking about the kissing Go Daddy commercial. I was having a discussion with my roommates about it because we all saw it at the same time and we came to the conclusion that what made that commercial tough to watch was not only the image but the fact that they heightened the kissing sounds, which just made you feel like you were watching something you shouldn’t. We did all agree that we didn’t understand how that could possibly be a good sales pitch, or why Danica Patrick such a powerful woman, that has broken stereotypes around the racing world lends herself to these kinds of commercials.
Yes, the sound was just — ick! The second time the commercial came on I shielded by eyes, but forgot to plug my ears. It actually sounds worse than it looks! SMILE!
I know Go Daddy sponsors Danica’s race cars — so I guess she does what they want — just like Amanda Beard before her:
http://bolesblogs.com/2008/08/04/amanda-beard-using-the-sexless-to-sell-sex/
kabusinze says:
I agree about the Jeep commercial. Actually if it had JUST been for USO, I would have loved it. But it’s Hallmark-like in its heartstring tugging (and I mean that as a compliment) but wish it had JUST been a PSA for troop support/USO/returning vets etc. On the other hand, I really thought the RAM truck commercial was a good use of the Paul Harvey Farmer Tribute (which I had never heard before); that one worked for me perfectly. I think Paul Harvey would have found it a loving, subtle use of his words.
Hi Nancy!
I know you have a deep and rich background in advertising and I appreciate your commentary.
The Paul Harvey piece was new to me as well — I loved that it was wild-live recorded at some mysterious performance in the past. It was effective, but I think they also sped up his voice a bit to fit the 2-minute mark for the commercial. Paul was all about dramatic pauses and creating tension. That commercial makes him sound like a runaway train…
Kathakali Chatterjee says:
Should I consider myself lucky that I didn’t hear Oprah selling jeeps? Sad.
Yes, you are the lucky one! SMILE!
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Canada’s Travel Guy Jim Byers Launches e-Book
Study Finds 4 Cities in Europe Top World’s Best for Newlyweds
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Ten great things to do in surprising Saskatchewan
There are always parts of a country that tend to get overlooked. Visitors to Canada often think about British Columbia, The Rockies, Niagara Falls, Toronto and Quebec and don’t ever make it to other places.
Out west, B.C. and Alberta get the lion’s share of attention. But the province of Saskatchewan offers up a surprising array of great things to see and do. Not to mention some of the country’s best restaurants. The biggest city, Saskatoon, has a terrific arts scene and a few years ago was named the fourth best spot to visit in the entire country by a panel of experts hired by USA Today.
Here are 10 great things to check out in Saskatchewan.
TRENDY RIVERSDALE The Riversdale area of Saskatoon is one of the coolest neighborhoods in the country. You probably wouldn’t have gone here 10 years ago, but the area has been cleaned up nicely now. Collective Coffee serves the perfect pour-over java in a cool, urban space, while Drift features a beach-y theme and serves great coffee lattes and other treats. There’s a rooftop patio, too. The magnificent Roxy Theatre, which dates back to 1930, is one of the few “atmospheric” theatres left in Canada, with an imitation Mexican village built into the walls and and romantic clouds and stars displayed on the ceiling. Hard Pressed sells Saskatchewan t-shirts with a nice, urban feel and organic denim pants called “nudie jeans.”
ARTSY SASKATCHEWAN: The gorgeous Remai Modern art gallery in downtown Saskatoon includes almost all the lino cuts produced by Picasso during his illustrious career. They also have other modern and contemporary art. The building is a beauty, with lots of pale stone and tons of natural light. Not to mention great views of the South Saskatchewan River. Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan is a great acting troupe that does performances under a big tent in a park on the edge of the river, a short walk from downtown. I saw a wonderful rendition of Taming of the Shrew a few years ago. Southeast of Saskatoon, the little town of Manitou Beach has a thriving arts community.
WANUSKEWIN HERITAGE CENTRE Just a few minutes outside Saskatoon, this is a marvellous place to learn about indigenous Canadian culture on the prairies. You’ll find fantastic and educational displays about the ways of life of Canadian aboriginals and fantastic old photos and paintings. The region was a gathering spot for centuries; a place where once plentiful and life-providing bison could be hunted or berries gathered. In addition to checking out the indoor exhibits, visitors can take lovely hikes through the surrounding hills and admire a pretty, sweeping section of the South Saskatchewan River.
ROLLING ON THE RIVER: The Prairie Lily is a glorious old riverboat that provides nice rides on the South Saskatchewan River, passing under several bridges and steaming along past lovely riverside homes and parks. You’ll get great views of the city’s churches and skyline. (https://www.theprairielily.com/index.cfm). A company called Canoeski (http://www.canoeski.com/) can take you on guided canoe rides down the river into town. There’s even an unofficial nude beach on the river, a little outside of town.
A photograph at Wanuskewin Heritage Park in Saskatchewan.
HEAVENLY CUISINE: Ayden Kitchen and Bar has been wowing Saskatoon visitors for several years. Little Grouse on the Prairie, run by the folks behind Ayden, the Grassroots Restaurant Group, also has earned fantastic reviews. Sticks and Stones is a terrific downtown Saskatoon spot serving Japanese and Korean food and also run by the Grassroots group, which includes Top Chef Canada winner Dale MacKay and Nathan Guggenheimer. Look for remarkable sushi, as well as a killer spicy ramen dish that’s rich and powerful without requiring a fire extinguisher. The octopus fritters also are remarkable. You’ll find wonderful Asian food in Riversdale at The Odd Couple, including a luscious tomato curry and sausages made with Thai spices. Regina’s food scene isn’t quite as established, but I had some of the best duck confit of my life at Crave Kitchen and Wine Bar. They have a great patio, as well. I haven’t been, but Avenue Restaurant (part of the Grassroots group) is getting rave reviews.
GREAT CRAFT BEER AND LIQUOR Rebellion Brewing in Regina is trying to woo locals off bland, mass-produced products with a series of very good craft beers using Saskatchewan malt. Try their Amber Ale or the Prairie Cherry Mead. Nine Mile Brewing in Saskatoon was started by a couple of young Saskatchewan fellows who grew up on farms nine miles from each other. The beers are fresh and lively and wonderful without being too bitter or hoppy. They’ve named some of the beers after relatives, such as their Stand Up Brown, named after one of their musical grandfathers. Not far from town is Black Fox, a handsome distillery where they also grow cut flowers. Their best known for their gin.
The Blue Bird Cafe in Regina Beach, Saskatchewan. JIM BYERS PHOTO
SURPRISING BEACHES Regina Beach is an adorable, small town on a hill that drops down to a pretty lake with a nice stretch of sand and a playground for kids. You might be in the middle of the continent, but it’s a fine beach. In town, check out the historic Bluebird Café for a burger or fish and chips. A bit further north is Manitou Beach, a mineral-laden body of water where just about anyone – or anything – can float. Only two others like it in the world, one in Czech Republic and the other being the Dead Sea. Stop in at Danceland to check out one of the great old dance halls of North America. It’s a beautiful, romantic building with many stories to tell.
FARMERS MARKETS They do a weekly market at Victoria Park in downtown Regina that’s a lot of fun. When I was there I tried remarkable goodies from Barbara Harder-Lutz, who calls herself the Cake Witch and makes cakes with everything from pears to limes to ginger. You’ll also find Nepalese sesame balls with molasses and food trucks dishing out everything from healthy sandwiches to perogies and Mexican food, as well as more exotic treats such as lemon kombucha and a Saskatchewan treat called “confetti cake,” which has coloured marshmallows, peanut butter, butterscotch and margarine. The market goes every Wednesday and Saturday from May 6 to Oct. 14. They also do night events. The Saskatoon Farmers’ Market is right downtown and has an outdoor and indoor section that offers everything from exotic Asian cuisine to locally grown fruits, including Saskatoon berries. They’re open year -round. A few restaurants are open Tuesday to Sunday, but most vendors are here on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday. A wonderful and surprising market in a cool city.
RCMP HERITAGE CENTRE The Royal Canadian Mounted Police are one of the icons of the country, and they do their training in Regina. There’s an enjoyable, informative film you can see prior to a tour of the centre, where you’ll see where they do their parade marching and perhaps even see some training action. Graduates of the academy leave two dozen roses at a cenotaph each week to honour RCMP members who have died in the line of duty. There’s also a cool, 1883 chapel you can check out. The main centre building has great displays on the history of the Mounties, including colourful frontier figures and exhibits on modern crime-fighting techniques.
QU’APPELLE VALLEY Saskatchewan folks like to joke that their province is so flat “you can see your dog run away for three days.” In fact, however, there are some pretty hills and also a very beautiful valley called the Qu’Appelle valley; a gorgeous ribbon that runs for miles and miles through the heart of the southern part of the province. Villages such as Lumsden are an easy drive from Regina. Stop in at Fourth and James coffee shop in Lumsden for a fantastic snack bar with coconut, butterscotch, chocolate and potato chips.
RCMP Heritage Centre, Regina, Saskatchewan. JIM BYERS PHOTO
WHERE TO STAY: The Alt Hotel from Groupe Germain is a stylish spot next to the Remai Modern museum and is one of the newest properties in Saskatoon. The Delta Bessborough, known as The Castle on the River, is one of those great, old hotels built by the Canadian National Railway; a gorgeous brick throwback. Rooms are very modern and well-equipped, and there’s a nice spa. Ask for a room overlooking the river. Hotel Saskatchewan is your best bet in Regina, with a graceful lobby and beautiful rooms.
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Our Canadian Travel News recipe of the day is as Canadian as they come: rich, delicious, butter tarts. https://canadiantravelnews.ca/2021/01/18/recipe-of-the-day-canadian-butter-tarts/ #food #cooking #dessert #Canada #recipes #buttertarts
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Tourism and hospitality groups in British Columbia say a travel ban on visitors from other provinces, as discussed by Premier John Horgan, would cause "irreparable" damage to the BC economy. … #BritishColumbia #travelban #BC #Horgan #COVIDCanada
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Nelsons leads BSO in powerful Berlioz, Benjamin premiere
Anders Nelsons conducted the BSO in music of Berlioz and George Benjamin Friday night at Symphony Hall.
The Andris Nelsons era with the Boston Symphony Orchestra has been one largely steeped in standard repertoire. Yet this season has brought refreshing attention to new music by established figures as well as up-and-coming composers. Recent months have witnessed performances of works by Thomas Adès, Terry Riley, Eric Nathan, Timo Andres, and Julian Anderson.
Friday night’s concert at Symphony Hall offered the first Boston performance of George Benjamin’s Dream of the Song. Benjamin enjoys an exalted place in the musical world these days following successful premieres and repeat performances of his operas Into the Little Hill and Written on Skin. He’s no stranger to the BSO. In the past, the orchestra has performed his Palimpsest I and Ringed by the Far Horizon, both works of ear-tingling color. Dream of the Song is the composer’s largest non-stage work since Antara of 1987.
The fifteen-minute work juxtaposes instrumental colors with glistening harmonies as well as texts drawn from different legends and histories. A co-commission from the BSO, Royal Concertgebouw, BBC Symphony Orchestra, and Festival d’Automne, Dream of the Song sets translations of Hebrew texts with fragments by Garciá Lorca within a kaleidoscope of instrumental effects.
Scored for countertenor, female chorus, and orchestra, Dream of the Song resonates with deep mystery and poetic meaning. Some texts, when put together, speak of sacrifice. “The Gazelle,” a poem by Samuel HaNagid, commands one to “Drink your grape blood against my lips” while the female chorus intones a line from Garciá Lorca that states, in translation, “Fields and skies scourged my body’s wounds.” Benjamin’s music wraps these lines in quiet reverence. High notes in the violins and woodwinds gleam as basses, with soft growls, tether the chords to the earth.
In “Gazing through the Night” the female and countertenor voices coalesced in glistening dissonances. Bejun Mehta, who performed the work Friday night, sang his lines with a smooth voice that had just the right hint of warmth. In “The Pen” his lines broke into burbling figures that gave the music a quiet intensity.
At the bows, Nelsons didn’t acknowledge separately the other heroes of the performance, Boston’s own Lorelei Ensemble. The ladies of this small choir are some of the best singers in Boston. Together, they sang Benjamin’s music with soft elegance. The singers supported Mehta in “Gazing through the Night” with sheets of luminous sound. In “Casida del llanto,” a text that tells of weeping, the voices swirled in an overwhelming web of sorrowful phrases. Dream of the Song is a work of aching beauty, and Mehta and the Lorelei Ensemble supplied its soul.
Filling out the bulk of the concert was Berlioz’s Symphonie fantastique. Berlioz’s love letter to Irish actress Harriet Smithson is a show-stopper even today. The French composer’s orchestral canvas is awash with color. Flute and violin figures prick the ear, brasses blaze, and basses snarl is this portrayal of romantic excess, personal torment, and death.
Works like this reveal Nelsons’ strengths. Leading with scooping gestures, the occasional slashing motion, and from-the-tiptoe downbeats, the conductor coaxed a reading of rapt energy and excitement.
The symphony’s bracing power rested in the details. Nelsons shaped the idée fixe—the theme for Smithson—in cresting waves. The opening string theme floated in the air as if a whisper. The waltz of the second movement whirled gracefully. The symphony’s bucolic serenity came in the third movement, the scene of Berlioz’s opium-induced dream. Timpanists set up in Symphony Hall’s balconies sounded the distant thunder and the death knell for the fateful woman. The power came in the “March to the Scaffold.” As the young anti-hero walked to his death, the brasses sounded out the crowd theme in a scene of populist fervor.
In the “Dream of a Witches Sabbath” the beloved is hideously transformed, portrayed to ghastly effect by clarinetist William R. Hudgins. Tubas punched out the “Dies Irae” with vigor, and the witches’ round dance was a frenzy. Nelsons kept the momentum going right to the end. The final chord, the ultimate goal of the figures that moved with whipcrack speed and energy, resounded in the hall.
The program will be repeated 8 p.m. Saturday at Symphony Hall. bso.org; 888-266-1200.
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Jim True-Frost was born on July 31, 1966 in Greenwich, Connecticut, USA as James True. He is an actor, known for The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), The Wire (2002) and Affliction (1997).
Jim True-Frost was born on July 31, 1966 in Greenwich, Connecticut, USA as James True. He is an actor, known for The Hudsucker Proxy (1994), The Wire (2002) and Affliction (1997). He has been married to Cora Frost since June 5, 1999. They have two children.
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Vaccinations to begin in SLO County, coronavirus cases surge
In a matter of days, health care workers will be the first in San Luis Obispo County to receive coronavirus vaccinations, according to the SLO County Health Department. The county is awaiting a delivery of 1,950 doses of the Pfizer vaccine.
Later in the month, two different coronavirus vaccines will be made available to long-term care facility residents and staff. In the next phase, other essential workers and anyone who has high-risk medical conditions or is over the age of 65 should have access to the vaccine.
“The ultimate goal is for everyone to be able to easily get a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as large quantities are available, but until then we are going to distribute the limited supply we have to the highest-risk individuals this year,” said Dr. Penny Borenstein, SLO County’s health officer. “As more supply becomes available, more people in our community will have the opportunity to get vaccinated.”
During the past three days, SLO County reported 259 new coronavirus cases. Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo lead with 42 new cases each, followed by CMC with 37, Atascadero with 27 and Arroyo Grande with 23.
Of the 7,711 confirmed coronavirus cases in SLO County, 6,325 individuals have recovered, and 46 have died. Of those still suffering from the virus, there are 29 people in the hospital — eight in the intensive care unit, and 1,303 recuperating at home.
Cases by city:
Paso Robles — 1,838
San Luis Obispo — 1,697
Atascadero — 697
Nipomo — 551
Arroyo Grande — 541
CMC inmates, SLO County numbers — 414
Cal Poly residents — 256
Grover Beach — 283
San Miguel — 248
Templeton — 245
Oceano — 235
Los Osos — 136
Morro Bay — 131
Pismo Beach — 119
Shandon — 73
Santa Margarita — 57
Cambria — 52
Creston — 38
Ash-patients — 25
Cayucos — 28
Avila Beach — 13
San Simeon — 7
Other county cases where location has not yet been determined — 29
As of Monday evening, there have been 1,617,823 positive cases, and 21,187 deaths in California.
Currently, more than 16,942,822 U.S. residents have tested positive for the virus, and 308,089 have died.
In addition, the number of people infected with the virus worldwide continues to increase: 73,190,421 cases with 1,627,900 dead.
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I hope everybody else get their shot so I don’t have to. I was difficult to get my wife to travel the 85 miles to become a SLO County resident and neither of us will go to China for a bat kabob. Secondly, if you ever get involved with a elder care facility, you’ll never want to preserve your chance to live in one.
NorthCountyLady
The numbers the health department are posting are not correct. The number of positive Covid cases among patients at ASH have not changed much in several weeks according to today’s numbers. Today it is still showing 25. The truth is the number of cases among staff and patients is exploding. There are close to 60 positive patients as of today. Is County Public Health not getting updated info from ASH? Makes you wonder about the accuracy of all the data being released to the public.
derasmus
Thank you Trump administration and project “ warp speed.” So many media pundits on CNN, NY Times, NBC, MSNBC, had their experts explain why it couldn’t be done and that the big orange man was blowing smoke and false hope, yada, yada….
They were all wrong.
Just a fact
You mean the same administration that initially called it a hoax, then said it would go away after a few cases, then said we were turning a corner, followed by “it will disappear right after election day”. The one that ignored common sense protocols resulting in their leader getting infected and requiring a helicopter medevac to Walter Reed and constant care by a team of doctors and exotic treatments unavailable to regular citizens at the time. The one that held hundreds of super spreader rallies that infected and even killed loyal supporters such as Herman Caine?
…clearly such visionaries on this epidemic…
But yes they did get a vaccine approved, but not before his buddy the Russian dictator did so first.
SLOTO LOAD, “come on man…”
You and the media pundits and their”experts” are wrong again about the alleged “hoax” comment and Trump.
Washington Post, Snopes, Fact-check, an others all disagree with you. They have said big orange man never called the virus a hoax.
On the other hand Pelosi and even the esteemed Dr. Fauci ( a real Dr.) downplayed the seriousness of the disease even into late February.
Look, 2020 hindsight is a luxury that neither Democrats or Republicans are blessed with. The fact is, nobody knew how this was gonna turn out, and how could they.. If you want to blame someone how about the CCP (not the Chinese people, but their leader and his band of Bolshevik butchers).
Thank god for the Trump vaccine!
Trump land did not create anything, operation warp speed is/was the plan to get the vaccine to market, to gain votes etc.
“Pfizer has distanced itself from Mr. Trump and Operation Warp Speed. In an interview on Sunday, Kathrin Jansen, a senior vice president and the head of vaccine research and development at Pfizer, said, “We were never part of the Warp Speed,” adding, “we have never taken any money from the U.S. government, or from anyone.”
On Monday, a spokeswoman for Pfizer clarified that the company is part of Operation Warp Speed as a supplier of a potential coronavirus vaccine.
Although it’s true that Pfizer and BioNTech had been working on a vaccine all year before the companies struck their deal with the U.S. government in July”
Trump screwed up the covid response from the beginning, some capitalists creating the vaccine and the US buying some does not make the spoiled child (trump) right.
Real facts not twitter bs, poor thing can’t face the music may not go to the inauguration….
scott_giles
Yay thank God for phizer
Whatever god you are referring to had nothing to do with it, unless you want to blame the pandemic on her/him/decline to state.
The Scientists who did it are Turk’s that live in Germany. “BioNTech, the small biotechnology company that is the originator of the vaccine, was founded by two married German scientists, Uğur Şahin and Özlem Türeci, both born to Turkish immigrant parents, and the Austrian oncologist Christopher Huber. It originally set out to develop new types of immunotherapy for cancer, but has concentrated its capacities on the race for a Covid-19 vaccine.”
Vote Up-14Vote Down
Adam Trask
And, your point being?
Scientists have been working on this vaccine for at least 17 years when the first SARS virus was identified in 2003, but it is truly a miracle in the minds of many as it will hopefully restore normalcy to our everyday lives.
To give God a bit of credit is certainly not of bounds.
Vote Up10Vote Down
It is out of bounds, the goddess, Thor etc did not help at all.
Scientist’s did the work, they deserve the credit not some sky fairies.
It’s bullshit to not give credit for hard work to the people who did it today and those who went before.
Santa did not put the presents under the tree, mom or dad did it.
You’re funny, Kettle. I’m guessing you’re a big Bill Maher fan. As for me, I still believe in fairies, to a certain extent. To argue otherwise is to acknowledge a cold, hard universe without intelligence.
kevin rise
Twin cities Paso is the largest ER locally, a very small ER, you can walk the ward in 10 seconds. Say you’d have 10-15 covid patients in need of care, plus regular intake, the hospital would collapse. 250 cases in one day, Wow, and how many people swamp hospitals during flu season for the basic flu due to economic reasons and lack of access to a primary on weekends for a script, or for little tiny issues, or Drug addicts! Several; many counties have No open ER beds. Hence they built the Poly Doly Ward.
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Do You Know Enough About Your Home HVAC System? Here Are Basic Ventilation Terms
Most of us are fairly familiar with the H (heating) and the AC (air conditioning) parts of our HVAC systems, but what about the V? V stands for ventilation, and if you’re like most homeowners, you may be a bit vague on what comprises your ventilation system. Following are some ventilation terms you should know.
Ventilation Terms Defined
If your household has a typical central HVAC system, you will have the following components:
Air supply vents — Supply vents are those from which the warm or cool air is distributed and are located in the ceiling, walls or floor.
Air return vents — Air from the house is drawn into these vents, then conditioned and distributed. You might have one return vent in a hallway, or smaller ones in each room, most likely in the ceiling.
Ductwork — Ductwork may be located in the basement, attic or in a concealing structure such as a chase. Ducts convey the conditioned air to be distributed through vents in each room.
Grilles — Grilles cover air return vents. They don’t have dampers to regulate the flow of air.
Dampers or louvers — These may be found at the back of a heat register, and can be adjusted to regulate the air flow.
Heat registers — These cover the holes where the supply duct enters the room. They have a damper for controlling air flow.
Adding Ventilation Systems
Other ventilation systems can be added to bring in fresh air or exhaust stale or moist air. These systems are the most common:
Supply ventilation — A fan pressurizes the house so that fresh air is introduced. (This is a good choice for warmer climates.)
Exhaust ventilation — A fan draws air out of the house, creating negative pressure. An example is bathroom exhaust ventilation.
Balanced ventilation — This system brings in fresh air while exhausting stale air in equal measure, with no pressure imbalance. Two fans and two duct systems must be installed.
Energy recovery systems — These complex systems recover energy while air is exhausted. They’re not usually found in the typical residence.
What to learn more ventilation terms? Contact Powers Heating and Air of Peachtree City.
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Arts and CultureSan FranciscoSF Bay Area
The Last Black Man in San Francisco: The Film and the Reality
Jamal Frederick - Second Hand Scribe 2016-02-10
10 Feb 2016 Jamal Frederick - Second Hand Scribe
1176 Shares Share on Facebook Share on Twitter
from hoodline
Being the last black man in San Francisco seems farfetched. Of course it does. This is intentionally absurd, obviously satirical. Of course it is. It should be as ridiculous as it sounds, but when we bring ourselves further into the numbers, perspective and emotion, it’s more bleak reality than artistic satire. The Last Black Man in San Francisco is a beautifully shot film concept by childhood friends Joe Talbot and Jimmie Fails that came to the attention of many by way of a kickstarter campaign, and since its inception, has garnered the attention of The San Francisco Chronicle, Sundance, The Atlantic, PBS, VICE, NPR, and many more for good reason. This project deserves every bit of attention it gets as it not only looks like a wonderful film, but it addresses an issue that is in desperate need of attention in modern day San Francisco. It’s an issue that many would rather not discuss. This is not just tech, not just gentrification, but the complete removal of a people. Black people.
“The Last Black Man in San Francisco” Concept Trailer from Joe Talbot on Vimeo.
This movie has such a personal resonance with me. We see a Black man, Jimmie, whose roots begin in The Fillmore, which is where I’m from. There is a shot of the 700 block of Fillmore St, which is where I lived. With melancholy voice, he narrates his experience, his family’s history and his current state. He conspires to return to his home, to a place his heart won’t cease leading him, which is how most of my daydreams are spent. The impossible wish, an agonizing longing. Its five minute trailer makes me emotional every time I watch it. I become angry, sad and heartbroken. This five minute trailer sums up the Black experience in San Francisco. I feel like Jimmy. Most Black people have felt like Jimmy.
Quote from the trailer:
“My Grandfather came to San Francisco in the 1940’s. When he got here – all of this – this whole area was a ghost town. Every block. Vacant homes”
Much of the Black population arrived in San Francisco during WWII and The Fillmore was where most made their new homes. The many vacant homes were unfortunately due to the war and the internment of the Japanese population for a period. The Fillmore quickly became a center attraction, the city’s most lit thoroughfare and was nicknamed The Harlem of the West. The Black population climbed to upwards of 18%. But, not too long after all the love, jazz and many Black born babies, the Urban Renewal project began literally picking up homes and moving them. A project so egregiously racist it gained the nickname “Negro Removal”. When we look at the Black population several years ago it was around 5% and currently I’ve been reading reports saying the Black population in SF is more like 3%, which is the lowest percentage of any major American city. It’s hard to NOT feel like you’re the last black man in San Francisco.
*As a side note I must point out how I love that his “Grandfather didn’t really like the idea of moving into another man’s home. Not under those circumstances. So, he built his own house.” Which is a lesson how to move into an established living space and not be apart a part of the problem.*
from vice
“..I’ve lived in foster homes, homeless shelters and even in a car at one point”
This reveals the existential homelessness that many Black people feel in SF and America. I recently watched a small documentary about the Black population in Seattle being moved out and the sadness and despair that one feels when they never feel wanted or welcomed and the anguish you feel in your soul when you realize that as soon as you feel at home, you’re always the first to go is crushing. One can’t help but feel targeted. Victim doesn’t even speak the level of spiritual destitution of this condition.
“My grandpa went West when there wasn’t shit left down South. Sometimes I feel like it ain’t nothing left for me here. But, where am I supposed to go? Ain’t shit west of here but water…”
This is Black history for the last four to five centuries- a perpetual Western motion. From the Western shores of Africa, to the Western Hemisphere via the Transatlantic Slave Trade, to the islands, to the South, then moving west to hopefully make a home (and the Western Addition at that). The saddest part of this depression is the fact that it has become such a subconscious part of the daily experience of many that it’s familial. As part of you as any limb. An attached emptiness. A walking, talking, loving – despair.
This film has gained so much momentum and I can’t wait to see the final beautiful product. I’ve been following their progress, watching the new opportunities and the urgency for this film grows with every headline of a pastor or non-profit being evicted, some event being held that the city can’t afford or when you look around a see yet another street become an overpriced metal box shell of itself. It’s slated for a 2017 release. I wish I could click my heels and see it tomorrow.
Follow their journey on their Facebook page and on their website.
Tags:gentrificationJimmy FailsJoe TalbotraceSan FranciscoThe FillmoreThe Last Black Man in San Francisco
We've got your tickets to NoisePop 2016!
My Journey of Feminism
Jamal Frederick - Second Hand Scribe
Born in all the jazz that is Fillmore, San Francisco, Jamal has moved all around the beautiful Bay Area. Currently living in the SF diaspora, the married Jamal raises babies, makes cocktails and writes. He is currently working on multiple projects with the most recent being his San Francisco-centric cocktail book: Souvenir. Follow him online, find him, try his drinks, read his writing and have a good conversation with him, he needs adult company...
What the College Scams Show About White Privilege
The American Dream of Homeownership is Just That – A Dream
What Happens if They Stop all the Ellis Act Evictions and the Hyper-Gentrification of San Francisco?
sugarntasty
…where the response forgotten, alleged reaction it’s racism or apathy. I’m critical of LGBTQ hierarchy whom guilty allow gentrification movie was interesting bias. Ask Willie Brown and Toney Chaplin men of valor the image why “gang violence hate among community. Gilded Memorial Cecil Williams yeah lack,
awareness co-dependency using heritage effecting residents. Ellis Act Ed Lee with plea, London Breed appease the community what, no mistrust just bureaucratic RAD loan $770 million to rehabilitate S.F Housing Authority not increase density. Evicted residents due, Ellis Act yeah causing ordeals for Black folk enjoy exclusiveness agitation where once. Prosperous Black middle class co-dependent due Democrats, envy of majority Black male independent of thought judgement. Hate of Black community reason there losing once hold,San Francisco policies where gentrified. Jay Z can you run for mayor or something Hip hop” is attitude of Fillmore,Hunter’s Point and Bay view Toney Chaplin color SF chief of relief on the beat can you stop the crime? If you mind slander due racism is bias inform the police, of injustice the gangs incur aspiring minds! San Francisco preference residency “affluent majority” by 2020’s solidarity is needed!
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Report: New YouTube policy suggests Call of Duty montage videos can no longer be monetized
Polygon has reported that, last week, YouTube has started to roll out new content policies for content creators. This new policy might result in a reduced amount of montages that YouTubers might make, highlighting their best Call of Duty clips.
Apparently, this new policy will restrict content creators from monetizing montage based videos.
For example, if a user has put together a list of their best kills in a game like Call of Duty or Battlefield, YouTube reserves the right to not assign advertising to that specific video.
YouTube’s new advertising policy states, “Violence in the normal course of video gameplay is generally acceptable for advertising, but montages where gratuitous violence is the focal point is not.”
YouTube has been making numerous changes to their ad policy these past few months. Another issue some Call of Duty YouTubers have also been facing is reduced revenue from Call of Duty: WWII based videos because the game is a World War II shooter.
While these new changes might effect montages, YouTube made it clear that they will still allow monetizing of regular videos and Let’s Play series.
SOURCE: Polygon // Google
Clever Warzone tricks lets you land without a parachute
A few players have discovered a fun little trick in Call of Duty Warzone that allows them to touch down on Verdansk without a parachute.
There is a useful trick that you can use in a Call of Duty: Warzone match to break your fall while in mid-air. This will allow you to land safely in Verdansk without worrying about deploying your parachute.
Call of Duty: Warzone will pit you against a ton of other players in a highly competitive Battle Royale match. The instant you land in Verdansk, you’ll have to find ways to get ahead of your enemies through different weapons or gear, scoring killstreaks, and even making use of glitches.
Players have discovered many different maneuvers in the game since its release in March 2020. These grant you an advantage over your opponent, including one that has you take out enemies by firing in mid-air.
This will have you deploy your parachute when you’re near the ground, and is a great way to score kills in mid-air. Now a neat new trick has been discovered that removes the need for a parachute altogether.
How to land in Warzone without a parachute
This trick was pointed out by Reddit user Thexer0, who posted a clip of them dropping into Verdansk in the Call of Duty: Warzone subreddit. Here they showed that you are able to land on different surfaces without deploying your parachute.
Read more: Best Warzone Rebirth Island landing spots
Al you need to do is try hitting certain edges and surfaces in mid-air to break the fall before landing on your feet. In the clip, the player used a Satellite dish for this purpose, and slid off the curved edge before taking out their weapon.
While this trick is useful, it’s not guaranteed to work unless you’re precise with your landing. If you don’t hit the right type of surface, then you’ll find yourself in a world of hurt. The player pointed this out and mentioned that you should try this “at your own risk.”
You can free fall into satellite’s and not die. Attempt at your own risk. from CODWarzone
That said, this trick is absolutely worth trying out. Other players also commented on the thread about their own attempts at this neat little exploit, and many of them reported that it worked out successfully for them.
Read more: How to use finishing moves in Black Ops Cold War & Warzone
One Reddit user said “You can do it as well with some of the telephone/electrical towers,” and another mentioned “It works on stones and stuff too. You gotta land on the edges, something around 45 degrees.”
Parachutes are a vital component in Warzone matches, so you should definitely go for this trick. All it takes to succeed in pulling it off is some practice, along with a ton of patience. You can learn some more helpful tricks in our Warzone tips and tricks guide.
Image Credits: Activision
Treyarch dev Tony Flame’s Twitter account hacked
On this Christmas morning, Treyarch’s Lead Designer, Tony Flame, has had his Twitter hacked.
A user hacked Tony Flame’s Twitter account in the early morning hours of December 25, and has gone on a posting rampage, including posting racial slurs and more across the account. The hacker is @wixyV3.
We’re not going to showcase posts here with any racial slurs. The Twitter account has been locked by Twitter for the amount of slurs the hackers have posted, per images sent around in Discord servers.
One of the hacked tweets that has gone viral is about SBMM, asking Activision to remove it from his “game” he “worked hard to make.”
The account still remains hacked at this hour, but it does appear that tweets are being blocked from posting at this time. Twitter locked the account due to the content being posted.
Tony Flame’s account is not verified on the platform.
Flame has been active in posting since Black Ops Cold War’s alpha launched back in September. He’s been posting updates and thoughts around what the team is doing in terms of balancing and content updates.
The last tweet from Flame himself was a Merry Christmas post on the night of December 24.
Activision has not stated anything yet on this hack.
Sledgehammer Games adds 150 new people to team in 2020
Sledgehammer Games’ expansion continued in 2020 with a massive new hiring spree.
Sledgehammer Games has continued to steadily expand their studio throughout 2020, despite the pandemic.
Back in May, the studio announced a massive recruitment effort to bring on many new developers, in all fields, to their studio.
The studio’s Chief Operating Officer announced on Twitter that their effort brought 150 new people to the studio over the last several months.
In a video on Twitter, the studio shared some stories and a look at these new people who the team as the year wraps up.
Incredibly, we've welcomed more than 150 great new people to the studio this year despite the pandemic. One day soon, when this is all over, we will meet in person and have quite the celebration. https://t.co/3hnL3Z0YDC
— Andy Wilson (@andygwilson) December 19, 2020
Beyond already hiring 150 new people this year alone, the studio’s website still has over 65 job positions still listed.
In addition to their recruitment effort, Sledgehammer confirmed earlier this year that they are working on ‘multiple projects’, presumably within the Call of Duty franchise.
We’re now a multi-project studio and we’re looking for a substantial number of new team members to join us. We’re looking across every discipline and various levels of seniority. It’s a pretty exciting time for our studio.
What some of those projects are remains unclear. Sledgehammer Games has played a role, as a support studio, in the development of Call of Duty: Modern Warfare, Call of Duty: Warzone, and Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War.
The studio was a lead developer on Call of Duty, kicking off the three year development cycle in 2014 with Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare. In 2017, the studio released their second main project: Call of Duty: WWII. Following WWII’s launch, the studio collapsed. Both co-founders and lead, Michael Condrey & Glen Schofield, left. And the studio lost hundreds of developers.
The team was set to work with Raven Software on the 2020 Call of Duty title, but due to the number of employees who left, Treyarch stepped in with Raven to create Black Ops Cold War.
What Sledgehammer Games is working on, in terms of their own projects, has yet to be revealed publicly. Whether they even become a lead developer again is also unclear.
Looking into 2021, there’s no clear indication yet as to which development team is leading the Call of Duty 2021 project. The three year development cycle was upended in 2020 with Treyarch stepping in to salvage the 2020 title. 2021 could be Infinity Ward or see the return of Sledgehammer Games.
Call of Duty: Black Ops Cold War1 hour ago
Apex Legends3 hours ago
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Attack on Cyclist Near Buckingham in Broad Daylight Is 3rd Bike Mugging in a Week
The 500 block of South Columbus. Image: Google Maps
Last week there were two nighttime robberies of bike riders on the Lakefront Trail on the Near North Side within two hours of each other. Yesterday there was a third attack on a cyclist on the lakefront near Buckingham Fountain, this time during the evening rush.
At about 5:50 p.m. on Tuesday, August 6, police responded to a report of a robbery in the 500 block of South Columbus and were told that a group of male offenders pushed a man off a Divvy bike and robbed him, according to Officer Jessica Alvarez from Police News Affairs. Police attempted to help the victim, but he declined medical assistance and did not wish to fill out a police report.
Alvarez added that the offenders, who fled west through the park, were described to the 911 call-taker as a teenage boy with wavy hair and a red shirt, who was the main attacker, and three other males.
The first of the two attacks last week too place on Tuesday, July 30 on the Lakefront Trail near Oak Street, when a 44-year-old man standing with his bicycle was approached by three unknown offenders on foot and struck in the face. The offenders then took the victim’s bicycle and belongings. The suspects are all described as males, 19-21 years old, 5’4″-5’9″, weighing 155-165 pounds.
And at 11:20 p.m. that night, officers responded to a robbery call from the shoreline path near North Avenue. A 40-year-old woman said that as she was biking south on the trail, she was approached by roughly five males and pushed her off her bike. The offenders then took the bicycle and other personal property before fleeing. Officers later saw two males with the victim’s bike and took them into custody, but she stated that they weren’t her assailants, so they were released.
No one is in custody for any of these attacks.
Filed Under: Bicycling, News, Buckingham Fountain, Lakefront Trail, Loop, Robberies
There Were Two Robberies of Cyclists on the Near-North Lakefront on Tuesday
By John Greenfield | Aug 5, 2019
Several cyclists were attacked on the Lakefront Trail on the south lakefront in Kenwood and Oakland last spring.
Series of Attacks on Cyclists on the South Lakefront Trail
Several cyclists have been approached from behind on the Lakefront Trail in Kenwood, pulled off their bikes and robbed in early April.
An Epidemic of Bike Crashes; Bad Trail Design May Have Caused One of Them
It’s been an awful two weeks for bike collisions in northeast Illinois. On Tuesday of last week, a 29-year-old woman was struck and injured on her bicycle at Jackson and Homan, by a police officer who witnesses say ran a red light without using lights or sirens. That Wednesday bike courier Blaine Klingenberg was fatally […]
Hit-and-Run Violence Continues With Killing of Anthony Tlahuel, 18, by Buckingham Fountain
Tlahuel was the 15th pedestrian killed in Chicago in 2018.
Black Cyclists Weigh in on the Recent Lakefront Trail Assaults
By Lynda Lopez | Apr 19, 2019
Members of the group 2wheelgods argue that the correct response to the muggings is more community investment, not more policing.
Chicago’s spike in cycling fatalities continues with first e-Divvy death on Near West Side
By John Greenfield | Sep 9, 2020
The latest fatality was the seventh on-street Chicago bike fatality, and the second bike-share death in our city.
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Home Internet Facebook ’s Notify app sends headlines to your lock screen
Facebook ’s Notify app sends headlines to your lock screen
Facebook has just released a new app on its iOS mobile software, which enables users to push notifications from their preferred content makers. This new app will consolidate all the notifications and alerts on the phone into one livestream that lives on the lock screen.
Notify joins a series of other apps from Facebook, Inc such as Facebook itself, Instargram, Messenger, WhatsApp, etc. With this app, users will have to subscribe to the news publications of their choice in their preferred languages and then will be notified immediately by the publishers and content writers, of any headlines as they are published. Also, the app allows them to classify the providers of the notification in terms of stations, substations and people.
As what Facebook said in its official announcement, users will receive notifications, which is delivered right to their lock screens. Just by a quick glance, they will be kept connected to the thing that they care about. After staring at the headlines, they can swipe or tap through the Notification about which they feel excited to read the full articles or vew the full site. And if they are busy, they can add the notifications to their Saved Notifications list.
In the introductory video, Facebook explained: “Notify from Facebook sends you notifications from the sources you trust, whether you are a sports fan, a film buff, a news junkie or a little bit of everything”.
There have been more than 70 media partners registered in the launch, such as CNN, Bloomberg, Comedy Central, Vevo, The Weather Channel and Vox Media. There is no room for doubt that more and more people all around the world will register to Facebook thanks to this extremely convenient feature. According to this month’s report, there have been more than one billion people using Facebook everyday, from which 78% of Facebook’s $4.29 billion revenue earned from advertising comes from.
In order to serve global community and connect the whole world in the long run, Facebook’s team is now working to innovate more products and bring about much investment (Mark, 2015). Notify is regarded as one of the newest and the most convenient app ever seen.
Notify is now available in the United States for iOS phones. User can easily get it from the App Store.
App StoreFacebookiOSlock screensNotify
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Buddhist university prepares for new start
The Bangkok Post, Dec 12, 2011
Monks race to get campus up and running after it suffered damage estimated at B200m (US$ 7 mil)
Bangkok, Thailand -- Monks are hard at work cleaning and repairing Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University after the floods.
<< People at the flood relief shelter at Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University attend the baisee sookwan ceremony to boost their morale. Those who sought refuge are now leaving the university as the shelter is closing down and the areas inside the campus are now dry. SOMCHAI POOMLARD
The university is still surrounded by water, more than two months after runoff arrived.
Monks are cleaning a tower where the Tripitaka (Buddhist scriptures) and textbooks are kept, as others wash pathways, in preparation for when the university resumes its Buddhism course for 1,500 novices next week.
While the inside of the university itself is dry, the once lush landscape of the 330-rai campus is spotted with dead trees, a legacy of flood damage which the university puts at 200 million baht.
Many buildings are still vacant. Many occupants were forced to move elsewhere when runoff arrived on Oct 12. Today, fewer than 100 monks are staying at the university, though they are slowly tricking back as repairs gather pace.
Phra Sigambhirayarn, vice-rector for academic affairs, said the university will draw on donations and state financial support to fix its electricity system and restore its damaged landscape.
"I don't think the government could meet all our requests, so we have to fix the most important things first," said Phra Sigambhirayarn.
He said the damage would be greater if soldiers, police and volunteers had not helped move more than 100,000 textbooks from the first floor of buildings inside the campus when the flood hit. Only 5,000 books ended up damaged.
Without a concrete wall to protect itself, the university ground was flooded when the run-off arrived, forcing the partial evacuation of 500 flood victims who had taken shelter at the university.
"I don't like concrete wall so an earth wall is an interesting option. But for next year, I hope the government will be able to warn us if floods are coming.
"The government should not hide any information as we should know how much water will be moving our way," he said.
Last Friday, 21 families hit by the flood bade farewell to the university when it closed its evacuation centre. A monk blessed them before they left.
Chayathip Tungpatcha, who attended the farewell ceremony, thanked the university for looking after her and her seven-month-old son.
"The centre is very special for me. We have monks who teach us religious principles. We pray every day, which helps reduce stress.
'Buddha's teaching makes us understand life and learn to accept loss. We were also taught handicrafts. Some people made more than 2,000 baht while staying here," she said. During her stay at the centre, her son fell ill with a lung infection. Soldiers took them to Rajavithi Hospital in Bangkok.
They stayed at the hospital for one week, before returning to the evacuation centre.
"HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn visited the camp and gave us encouragement to fight on," she said.
The evacuation centre at Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University was set up under the princess's royal initiative to help provide shelter to flood victims.
Bhakamol Rattaseri, assistant treasurer of the Chaipattana Foundation, said the evacuation centre was the first the foundation had been involved in.
Usually, the foundation offered only relief assistance in other forms. However, HRH Princess Sirindhorn thought an evacuation centre would be needed.
The foundation also set up two other centres in Ayutthaya and one each in Lop Buri, Chon Buri and Bangkok. She said the venture was a success thanks to cooperation from soldiers, police, medical teams from Rajavithi and Chulalongkorn hospitals and the business sector.
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Damaging the good name of Buddhism
by Patcharawalai Sanyanusin, Bangkok Post, 26 Jan 2016
Bangkok, Thailand -- The Sangha Supreme Council's (SSC) nomination of Somdet Phra Maha Ratchamangalacharn or Somdet Chuang to be the next supreme patriarch has sparked a series of heated debates and stirred up concerns in our Buddhist community over the weeks. The row mainly focuses on whether the 90-year-old monk who is abbot of Wat Pak Nam is truly qualified for the top job.
Entangled in the conflict are two groups of people with completely opposite views. The first is a group of Buddhists led by staunch critic Paiboon Nititawan, former chief of the Buddhism reform panel, who had tried to stop the SSC from nominating Somdet Chuang from the very beginning, citing the monk's dubious conduct.
Stepping out to defend the SSC's nomination is a group of monks led by Phra Methi Thammachan, deputy rector of Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University. He often claims that the selection is in accordance with Sangha law which indicates that the SSC must nominate the most senior priest and that the prime minister is duty-bound to present the name to His Majesty the King for royal appointment.
Considering Somdet Chuang's rank as somdet phra racha khana, equivalent to a cardinal, he fits the criterion well. But what prompts many Buddhists to strongly oppose the nomination is the fact that he has a good relationship with the controversial Phra Dhammachayo, abbot of the super-rich Wat Dhammakaya.
Somdet Chuang was the preceptor of Phra Dhammachayo when he was ordained at Wat Pak Nam 47 years ago. But he gave himself a bad name when he failed in his job as head of the committee of the SSC to defrock his former disciple for embezzling 900 million baht in assets from his temple and distorting Buddhism. The SSC was instructed to act 16 years ago by the late supreme patriarch Somdet Phra Nyanasamvara. This historic case, which was closed in a short time without imposing any punishment to the monk, has cast the SSC in a very negative light ever since.
It's also no secret that Somdet Chuang has occasionally joined the activities hosted by Wat Dhammakaya, let alone having received big financial support from the temple. He once reportedly said that his temple and Wat Dhammakaya are like brothers and are bound to support each other.
His generosity in this regard might sound agreeable in a worldly sense. But as far as decency is concerned, what he has done is quite unacceptable in the eyes of most people. It's a shame that he doesn't realise how much Phra Dhammachayo and his temple have damaged the religion over the years with their new set of teachings which are completely opposite to Buddha's words. Instead of distancing himself from the corrupt monk, or at least warning him to stop cheating Buddhist followers, he seems to be glad to have maintained ties with him.
It's rather disappointing that most monks have chosen to keep mum about his apparent flaws. Besides activist monk Phra Buddha Issara, nobody in the clergy dares to question the SSC's judgment at all. What is even worse is that Phra Methi Thammachan, one of Somdet Chuang's loyal supporters, has always threatened to call for monks from across the country to stage a protest if the government fails to submit the name of Somdet Chuang for royal appointment.
It's strange that Buddhist followers and monks have judged the qualification of our new spiritual leader in such totally different ways. While the Buddhist group led by Paiboon place their priority on moral grounds and make it clear that they don't want a monk with a "history" like Somdet Chuang as the country's 20th supreme patriarch, the monks group led by Phra Methi Thammachan brush aside his questionable ethics and insist that his seniority is enough to make him qualify for the role.
Recently, social critic Sulak Sivaraksa, one of the country's most respected intellectuals, came out to voice his opposition against the nomination of Somdet Chuang. He warned that if the monk becomes the new supreme patriarch, Wat Dhammakaya will spread its wings even wider and traditional Buddhism in Thailand will be doomed. This is what many Buddhists have long been worried about and why they don't want to see Somdet Chuang reach his goal.
Some might be asking that if Somdet Chuang wasn't picked in the first place, who else could have been? Honestly, I have no idea. But as far as I know, most of the candidates remaining on the list are known to have good ties with Wat Dhammakaya as well.
The SSC has long been attacked for its incompetence in tackling problems within the clergy and many have put the blame on its autocratic, feudal system, saying that it contributes to the council's vulnerability to materialistic temptation.
However, I believe that the SSC would be able to hold on to its pride if all of its members could cultivate their moral qualities to be as high as the ranks they are blessed with and firmly adhere to moral righteousness as the overall criteria when judging serious matters.
Sadly, the controversy over its nomination of Somdet Chuang is the latest example that shows the SSC has once again failed to hold moral virtues in the highest regard.
A demand by many to have the SSC reformed, or else abolished, is louder every day. As a Buddhist who is concerned about the future of Buddhism in our country, I can't help but feel that something must be done, urgently.
Patcharawalai Sanyanusin is a writer of the Life section of the Bangkok Post.
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Applying Deep Learning to Streamline Healthcare Administration
By Sanji Fernando, SVP Artficial Intelligence & Analytics Platforms, Optum
Sanji Fernando, SVP Artficial Intelligence & Analytics Platforms, Optum
Much like the innovative breakthroughs seen in image recognition and natural language processing, deep learning neural networks also hold enormous opportunity to help transform health care. However, while the clinical uses of artificial intelligence in health care have attracted a lot of attention, it is the administrative applications that stand to have a more immediate and positive impact for health care organizations. Let me explain how.
First, applying artificial intelligence to clinical decisions typically has greater regulatory burdens and implications to patient care. Administrative processes typically do not directly impact clinical care. As a result, we can put these tools in place for administrative improvements far more quickly and broadly. Beyond that, there are so many areas in health care administration with complex and time-consuming processes –coding, risk adjustment, prior authorization and provider directories – that could benefit from the automation deep learning brings that even small improvements can have a big impact.
Secondly, health care administrative processes are well suited for deep learning because many interactions between a care provider and an insurer are a dialogue on the level of care and payment for that care. When a health care system can come to an automated decision that both payers and providers are satisfied with, it eliminates a lot of inefficiency and volume by changing the process to require human review only in cases of exception.
Many health care executives already recognize the potential of AI driven applications.
Advanced technology like deep learning allows us to harness the vast amounts of health care data generated daily and put it to work making a better system for everyone
According to a 2018 Optum survey of 500 senior-level leaders across the industry, 43% have begun implementing deep learning by automating business processes such as administrative tasks and customer service. Thirty-six percent are employing it to detect patterns in health care fraud, waste and abuse.
Revolutionizing case reviews
Let’s look more closely at case reviews for medical necessity as an example of a critical administrative process ripe for deep learning. The traditional method involves physicians manually reviewing lengthy patient medical records to determine that inpatient admission, for instance, is justified. If every record is reviewed, this becomes a very time-consuming and costly process.
In contrast, a deep learning neural network can be trained using hundreds of thousands of complex decisions made by physicians in past case reviews. By analyzing past decisions, the neural network can determine which cases are complex enough to require a physician advisor review. The more cases it reviews, the more accurate it becomes further reducing the time, cost and number of denials.
Avoiding the ‘black box’ problem
Deep learning works by essentially turning text into numeric scores, but the process can seem like something of a “black box “if clinicians aren’t given insight into the “why” behind a prediction or classification.
To overcome this, it’s important to help staff understand and have some say into how data is scored. For example, work with clinicians and demonstrate how notes and even which particular words are scored so they can confirm that they would attribute the same importance to those words. Bringing more transparency to the process is vital for achieving buy-in from stakeholders and trust in the model.
Impact on costs and care
Developing and deploying innovative and efficient solutions to improve coding, claims processing and case reviews and prior authorizations promises to save millions. In fact, U.S. insurers can unlock $7 billion in total value — 10% to 15% of operating expenses — in 18 months by using artificial intelligence to automate certain core administrative functions, according to a study from Accenture.
Lowering per capita costs is just one aspect of the Triple Aim. But, as health care leaders, tackling costs also enables us to better address making better care more available to more people. Advanced technology like deep learning allows us to harness the vast amounts of health care data generated daily and put it to work making a better system for everyone.
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HubSpot Marketers' Favorite Integrated Marketing Campaigns
A tv show is returning, and I am pumped. "The Umbrella Academy" is a sci-fi show based on the comic book of the same name, and it's nothing short of fantastic.
Superheroes, comedy, a talking animal, and saving the world from imploding — what more could you want?
When I first learned about the season, I was scrolling Twitter and came across the video announcement. I was stoked. A little later, I decided to check Facebook, and saw promo stills for the new season — only building my excitement.
A couple of weeks later, I saw the official trailer for the first time on Instagram, and again on YouTube. Up until that point, I'd come across promotional content from three different channels for the new season.
This rollout has become one of my favorite integrated marketing campaigns of 2020. The Netflix team is pulling out all the stops across multiple different fronts to keep users excited about the premiere.
It's working for me — I can hardly wait. And in this post, we're going to go over other integrated marketing examples that were extremely effective for them.
HubSpot's Favorite Integrated Marketing Campaigns
Integrated marketing is any marketing campaign that uses multiple channels in execution. For example, you might see a popular new donut flavor in a commercial, then drive past the donut shop to see posters of the donut. And if you flip through Instagram once you get to your destination, you might see a GIF on your feed, displaying the donut.
This style of marketing is great for boosting leads and brand awareness. Using multiple sources to deliver the same campaign diversifies the audience that interacts with its content. Let's look at some recent integrated marketing campaigns that delivered a great experience for customers and leads alike.
1. Hulu's HAHA Awards
Channels: Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Website
One of my favorite integrated marketing campaigns to come along is the launch of Hulu's HAHA Awards. HAHA is a clever acronym, standing for "Hilarious Animated Hulu Awards," which I love.
Initially, I saw the commercial during a regular ad break while watching — of course — Hulu:
Because there's no awards show for animated content, the team at Hulu decided to change that — and get fans involved. Fans can vote for the awards on Twitter and Hulu's website.
I appreciate that anyone with a Twitter account can participate in voting, regardless of if they are Hulu customers. Some of the categories are popular tv shows, like Archer and Bob Burgers, so the masses can vote. Additionally, people without a Twitter or Hulu account can vote, just by visiting the website.
The tactic of using YouTube to introduce the campaign, as well as alternate methods of voting, make this campaign a chance for Hulu to delight customers and earn more quality leads from social media.
2. Victoria Monet's "Audience"
Channels: Instagram, Facebook, Billboards
For new single, "Experience," R&B singers Victoria Monet and Khalid collaborated with Spotify for a release campaign. The campaign included online and in-person marketing tactics, and is the favorite campaign of staff writer Jay Fuchs.
In Canada, there was a billboard put up in Toronto, promoting the song's Spotify release. In response, Monet posted a picture on Instagram to share with her fans and promote the single:
The use of online and in-person marketing methods makes this integrated campaign one that can be seen by eyes from anywhere. From the billboard in Canada, to international Facebook and Instagram fans, the release of "Experience" was anticipated globally. In fact, in one month, the single has become Monet's most popular song on the streaming service.
3. Gillette, "The Best Men Can Be"
Channels: Website, YouTube
"In 2019, Gillette launched their campaign, "The Best Men Can Be". The campaign included an inspiring video, a landing page that celebrates male advocates and leaders in the community, and a hashtag, #thebestmencanbe, to encourage user participation across social channels," says HubSpot's Marketing Blog Editor, Caroline Forsey.
"The campaign, created in response to the #metoo movement, urged men to hold themselves to a higher standard," says Forsey. In the corresponding ad for the movement, viewers are shown hypothetical real-life instances of men stepping in to be themselves, and making positive change in their community. To heighten awareness of the movement, the landing page highlights real accounts of men upholding the hashtag Gillette created.
"While the campaign received some backlash from both stakeholders and consumers, I think it was worth the price because it redefined the shaving brand as a relevant, values-oriented brand. For me personally, I shared the ad with all my male friends and family members, and it sparked a discussion — which, really, is what marketing is all about," Forsey commented.
Gillette's tactic of getting their customers involved proved to be successful in the moment and long-term. Discussions, like the one Forsey had with males in her life, were happening nationwide; In fact, my university class had one about the campaign. This integrated campaign, boosted by real accounts, was proven to be not only successful, but valuable.
4. REI, #RecreateResponsibly
Channels: Website, Instagram
Outdoor activity is at the core of REI's products. REI sells camping essentials, such as tents, clothes, and insulated containers. In 2020, REI partnered with several groups in Washington state that aim to preserve wildlife and nature, making it the favorite campaign of service blog manager, Clint Fontanella.
Outdoor Alliance, The Outdoor Industry Association, and national parks came together for the #RecreateResponsibly campaign. The point of which was to educate the public about how to stay safe when venturing outdoors, with the main content player being graphics similar to the one below:
This graphic was shared on social media to spread awareness of tips to responsibly venture outdoors to avoid health concerns. #RecreateResponsibly's hashtag asks followers to share the tips in real life situations, shared by REI's Instagram.
With the hashtag and partnerships, the campaign is also boosted by related blog posts on REI's website. Posts like this one offer ways to stay safe while traveling.
The hashtag has been used by The National Park Service, Colorado Parks and Wildlife, and Los Angeles National Forest, and brings awareness to large audiences. The partnerships and REI's content share an educational message and an interactive component — making this campaign diverse and engaging.
5. Melt Cosmetics, "She's in Parties"
Channels: Website, Instagram, Facebook
"She's in Parties" is the name of an eyeshadow palette from Melt Cosmetics. Says staff writer Rebecca Riserbato, "The purple palette sparked a hashtag of the same name on Instagram. On the landing page for the collection, there's a section dedicated to Instagram posts with the hashtag."
The campaign inspired a purple theme, which took over the company's Facebook and Instagram accounts. Along with this social media content, influencers who were sent the palette began to upload their reviews on YouTube.
For this launch, a variety of social tactics were used. A matching social campaign, user-generated hashtag, YouTube recommendations, and a revolving landing page were all contributions to where the campaign was distributed. When you know where your audience spends their time, like the team at Melt, you can reach them with a diverse, omnichannel strategy.
6. Brew Dr. Kombucha, "Love Wins"
"In May 2020, Brew Dr. Kombucha released its signature kombucha with limited-edition colorful, rainbow-wrapping for Pride Month," Forsey recalls. "The wrapping has the lifeline number to The Trevor Project printed directly on it — the company partnered with The Trevor Project and supports the organization through proceeds of its limited-edition kombucha."
"Along with the limited-edition wrapping, the company created a dedicated landing page for #LoveWins, and supported Pride Month with the #LoveWins hashtag across its social channels."
Forsey continues, "Ultimately, I chose this campaign as one of my favorite integrated campaigns of 2020 because I was inspired to see this brand uplift and inspire communities while giving proceeds back to an incredibly worthy cause."
The brand chose a social movement that was important to them, Pride, and celebrated it with this integrated campaign. This tactic brings awareness to a social cause, a respected organization, and enhances a celebration.
7. The New York Times, "The Truth Is Hard"
Channels: Commercial, Facebook, Billboard
In early 2018, newspaper The New York Times was struggling. With dwindling subscriptions and dwindling trust in the news from the general public, the team behind the famous publication had to figure out how to build widespread trust.
That's where "The Truth Is Hard" came in — It was a campaign designed to offer transparency. "I think the best advertising not only gets you to pause and pay attention in the moment, but also encourages the viewer to take action and learn more after the fact," says Alicia Collins, senior brand manager.
"The New York Times' 'The Truth Is Hard' campaign does that. It tells a clear and impactful story, and demonstrates the value and importance of journalism right away."
Following a tribute to journalism at the 2018 Oscars, the campaign began. The Times aired a minimalist film to display the clarity of newsprint, and challenged viewers to think about what truth means to them.
Refugee crises, sickness, and wars — the second phase dove deep into conveying what journalists endure in order to deliver the most accurate coverage. And, with a paid media campaign on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, all of this content was broadcasted for the world to see.
This campaign earned the Times their highest number of new subscriptions since the paywall started, increasing signups by 100%. The multiple channels used by the news source to restore their image to the public worked, and made this integrated campaign a win.
I'll have to wait a few more weeks to see the return of The Umbrella Academy. I'm sure until then, I'll see more diverse social media content. In the meantime, what are some of your favorite integrated marketing campaigns — did they make the list?
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What Grades Do I Need To Get Into LSE?
Does LSE have an entrance exam?
Does LSE clear 2020?
What is the acceptance rate of LSE?
Is economics at LSE hard?
Can an average student get into LSE?
How long does LSE take to give offers 2020?
Is LSE harder to get into than Oxbridge?
How prestigious is LSE?
Does LSE give unconditional offers?
Does LSE accept foundation students?
Is it hard to get into LSE?
Is LSE an Ivy League?
What does LSE look for?
Is the LSE a good university?
Does LSE give scholarships?
How difficult is it to get into LSE Masters?
The Undergraduate Admissions Assessment (UGAA) at LSE is a test that is used to fairly assess applicants from non-traditional educational backgrounds and it is for this reason that you have been invited to sit the test..
LSE will not be participating in Clearing or Adjustment for 2020 entry.
8.9% (2016)London School of Economics and Political Science/Acceptance rateAs of 2019 admission data, the number of total UG applications received was more than 21,000 against 1,600 seats, which means over 13 applicants per place. This shows the high level of competition at the institute that observes an acceptance rate of merely 8.9% for undergraduate applicants.
The academics at the London School of Economics were extremely challenging. I would strongly encourage anyone interested in the program to apply, but would caution that it is – from my experience – far more challenging and intense than most universities in America.
LSE generally doesn’t admit average students. LSE requires an excellent academic record in order to be considered for admission. That means you need to earn all As on the General Certificate of Education A-level or the Baccalaureate Diploma Program.
The first offers will be released from January onwards. We aim to release decisions within eight weeks of our acknowledgement email confirming that your applciation is complete and has been passed to the selectors for consideration, but at busy times the decision time may increase.
Once again based upon the percentage of offers made compared to the number of applications received, these are the hardest universities to get into in the UK: University of Oxford (21.8%) University of Cambridge (28.5%) London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) (35.2%)
LSE is a prestigious institution by itself in the sense that it is a household name as perhaps the third most popular university in the U.K. But it is not a household name in the field of economics in the sense that it regularly produces world-class economists trained to make consistent groundbreaking contributions.
Originally Answered: How often do prospective undergraduate students receive unconditional offers from top notch UK universities (LSE, Oxford, UCL, Warwick, King’s)? You get an unconditional if you’ve already completed your qualifications, as you’d expect.
We consider applications from students who are able to complete a foundation course, however not all foundation courses are acceptable for all degree programmes.
Admission to LSE is highly competitive: in 2014, the school received around 17,000 applications for only 1,500 undergraduate places. Only one in 11.3 were selected. LSE is one of the most difficult universities to gain acceptance. … Make sure to strictly follow LSE’s guidelines for the application process.
London School of Economics, England The London School of Economics and Political Science is one of London’s most international universities, which is a feat in itself. … LSE’s alumni network rivals the Ivy League and it is the go-to school for internationally focused study.
What LSE looks for. LSE takes into account all the information presented in the UCAS (Universities and Colleges Admissions Service) application and recruits students with “the best academic merit, potential and motivation, irrespective of their background.”
LSE is in the heart of London and is a specialist institution in social sciences and economics-it has all the advantages of being in London. It also has very good links to major industries within London and beyond. Its a very small University and very well respected within commerce, politics and business.
LSE scholarships Each year LSE awards a number of scholarships, funded by private or corporate donation, to our students. The number, value, eligibility criteria and type of awards vary from year to year. All the scholarships are awarded on the basis of financial need in the first instance, and then academic merit.
How difficult is it to get into LSE? … To be accepted into an LSE MSc, you’ll need the equivalent of a 2.1 from an undergraduate university. Ideally, it has to have a relatively good reputation behind it. This can be bypassed with strong work experience or excellent grades with a good personal statement.
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New Zealand Australia
IT SUPPORT & SERVICES
CIO SERVICES
CODEBLUE AUCKLAND
CODEBLUE NORTH SHORE
CODEBLUE WELLINGTON
CODEBLUE CHRISTCHURCH
CODEBLUE SOUTH
FrameCad
“I knew straight away that CodeBlue would be the right fit for us. CodeBlue is a growing company and they have extensive IT industry knowledge. I knew they would understand our business and be able to provide the support we needed.”
Kobe Hoxha, IT Manager, FRAMECAD
FRAMECAD is a quintessential Kiwi success story. Founded in 1987, FRAMECAD’s innovative, end-to-end design and build system enables the production of light-gauge steel frame building solutions for rapid construction of quality steel residential, commercial and light industrial buildings for governments, communities and private developers worldwide.
Headquartered in Auckland, FRAMECAD is an export-focussed business, with sales in over 60 countries around the world. Today, FRAMECAD has a growing reputation as a global leader and innovator in building design and engineering software, and state-of-the-art manufacturing systems enabling the production of light gauge steel framed buildings. The company has around 100 staff and a growing number of offices in New Zealand, the Americas, Asia, Australia, the Middle East and Africa to support customers and local FRAMECAD design and build experts.
FRAMECAD has an internal IT team which handles day-to-day user IT support in-house, including day-to-day issues, applications, and workstations. This was supplemented with ad-hoc outsourced IT support. However, in 2012, with the company continuing to grow and more staff on the ground in remote locations,
FRAMECAD knew it needed a trusted IT partner that could support the internal IT team, take responsibility for the servers and infrastructure and 24/7 critical server monitoring, as well as provide the level of organised IT support and advice required to meet the needs of its expanding business.
Finding a trusted IT partner
FRAMECAD’s Information Systems & IT Manager, Kobe Hoxha, knew exactly who he wanted on board – he called his old colleagues at CodeBlue.
“Having worked with CodeBlue in the past, and knowing some of the CodeBlue people well, I knew straight away that CodeBlue would be the right fit for us. CodeBlue is a growing company and they have extensive IT industry knowledge. I knew they would understand our business and be able to provide the support we needed,” Kobe says.
FRAMECAD’s CodeBlue Trusted Advisor Henry Min was involved in the initial onboarding of FRAMECAD, scoping the environment, and creating a plan to improve it and fix issues that had been causing headaches for the company.
“We were initially dealing with quite a messy environment and had to resolve several issues. The existing hardware was approaching end of life and would need to be upgraded in the near future. However, the immediate priority, and a key driver for FRAMECAD, was needing to support their staff in remote locations more effectively by creating a virtual environment that everyone could remote into, no matter where they are in the world,” Henry says.
A core issue for FRAMECAD, with users regularly sharing large files, was huge mailboxes and insufficient resources to properly support them. CodeBlue decommissioned FRAMECAD’s Microsoft Exchange Server and moved the company to Microsoft Office 365 in 2013.
“With around 100 employees, there’s a lot of data to manage and backup. Henry was the key technical lead on the project to migrate our staff to Office 365 over a two-month period – there was so much data to move! But it all went according to plan and with very little downtime; and we’ve had no issues since.”
“Having worked with CodeBlue in the past, and knowing some of the CodeBlue people well, I knew straight away that CodeBlue would be the right fit for us. CodeBlue is a growing company and they have extensive IT industry knowledge. I knew they would understand our business and be able to provide the support we needed.”
Beefing up data resiliency
Fast forward to 2014, and although everything had generally been running smoothly, the ageing hardware and equipment remained a concern for Kobe. He knew the operating systems, servers and hardware needed upgrading and he was concerned about ensuring FRAMECAD’s data and IP were properly protected against disaster. But with no real issues to force action, that project was relegated to the backburner – until two events in quick succession put it firmly back on the priority list: First, there was a fire in coffee shop underneath the FRAMECAD HQ in Auckland. Then, in October 2014 the company was one of thousands of Auckland businesses and homes affected for several days by a power outage caused after fires damaged a local substation.
In November 2014, Kobe received management and Board approval to proceed with a total refresh and upgrade of FRAMECAD’s hardware (including servers), software and operating system.
“Those two incidents alone were enough to underscore that keeping our IP and data on premise is just too high risk. We needed to collate our data offsite to avoid losing it in an onsite disaster,” Kobe says.
“CodeBlue did a full analysis and recommended everything required – hardware, systems, the whole approach. Henry was a key driver for the project. His knowledge and understanding of Microsoft and other products meant he knew exactly what would work for us, and what to recommend.”
CodeBlue moved FRAMECAD to Windows Server 2012 and set up a remote, secure virtual environment. New hardware was moved to a remote datacentre on Auckland’s North Shore and the FRAMECAD network was redesigned to make everything more fluid and secure; this included a new Fortigate firewall, new virtual host and switches from HP and a new SAN storage solution. CodeBlue also addressed application upgrades and several out-of-scope issues and updates.
Kobe says the project went ‘really, really well’, with virtually no issues, and was completed on time, on budget and to plan. The project was signed off in mid-June 2015.
Immediately afterwards, CodeBlue installed a new backup server at FRAMECAD’s factory to provide backup and DR for better data resiliency. This enables daily replication between the datacentre and FRAMECAD’s factory.
For FRAMECAD, key outcomes of the upgrade included a secure, reliable environment with better uptime, enhanced manageability, mobility and remote access for users. And that is what CodeBlue delivered.
“It’s business as usual,” Kobe says. “Everything is running smoothly. It was quite a complex undertaking; there were lots of sub-projects within the main project and we wanted everything done at the same time. CodeBlue’s documentation and management helped ensure that the project ran smoothly and the Board and management are happy with the outcomes. And I sleep much better at night knowing we don’t have our data and IP on premise anymore.
“Our relationship with CodeBlue has always been good and continues to go from strength to strength. CodeBlue has moved us a long way forward from where we were in terms of updating our infrastructure and operating systems. And we really appreciate CodeBlue’s 24/7 management of our critical systems, and that everyone is always quick to respond,” Kobe concludes.
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Staff Selects: Dogs in Film
Previous post: Something Wild and After Hours: 80s New York at Its Peak
Next post: Young Ahmed
Posted February 21, 2020 by Staff
Taking inspiration from the new Harrison Ford/CGI dog two-hander The Call of the Wild releasing this weekend, our staff lists some of their favorite big-screen canines:
Unnamed Chihuahua, Paddington
Every day when I descend down the escalators at various locations on the London Underground, I see a sign that immediately makes me start grinning like a fool and probably perplexes all those other lovely people around me. Wedged between the warnings to take extra care with children and to not smoke on the tube is the source of my daily joy, “dogs must be carried.” This of course brings a smile to my face because of that nice bear Paddington, whose journey from Darkest Peru to London in the 2014 film, Paddington, saw him encounter the very same sign and misunderstand it, believing it meant he must carry a dog to be allowed on the escalator. For the place it now holds in my daily routine, I have to name the unnamed chihuahua that Paddington snatched as my favorite film dog. [Henry Baime]
Dug, Up
The praise for Pixar’s Up has diminished rapidly over the past decade, likely because it’s sandwiched between two much stronger Pixar films – the dazzling, relatively experimental WALL-E and the incomparable Toy Story 3 which topped my best of the decade list. Let’s not forget, though, that this heartwarming adventure opened the 2009 Cannes Film Festival – an almost comically bright start to a particularly bleak festival year featuring immense downers like Antichrist and Palme-winner The White Ribbon. Its opening montage is notoriously emotional, but the film quickly counterbalances the weighty thematic content with adorable characters, none more so than Dug, a Golden Retriever with a collar that allows him to speak. He’s big, fluffy, and delightfully optimistic, with his overly articulated speech (“My master made me this collar. He is a good and smart master, and he made me this collar so that I may talk.”) contrasting his dopey physical presence. He perfectly personifies the personality many dog owners project onto their pets – goofy, loyal, and easily distracted by squirrels – and earns his spot on this list of furry friends. [Kern Wheeling]
Lolabelle, Heart of a Dog
Laurie Anderson’s Heart of a Dog is the kind of film that feels like it should be watched twice – once with eyes open, and once with eyes closed to fall directly into the sound. It is a meditation on grief, and the endurance of love, but this love is not that of romance, but of family. That familial bond is, of course, with a dog. Best described as a love letter to “dogs, death, and Lou Reed,” it came to fruition in response to the death of Anderson’s rat terrier, Lolabelle. It’s playfully experimental, one that feels like it was not planned in advance, only words spoken candidly into a microphone with music added later. The imagery feels like a scrapbook to follow along with, some sort of attempt to show how much she cares for this dog and her world. The flowing script touches on change in a post-9/11 world, and how we interact with our own mortality and that of our loved ones. It is all framed through one little dog, perhaps an obvious distinction that it is a dog movie, but the approach is far more unique than the average film. [Sarah]
Sam, I Am Legend
[WARNING: spoilers for I Am Legend]
Unlike my colleagues, my choice is quite sad. Then again, what dog-centric film isn’t? My top choice for best dog still goes to Will Smith‘s equally talented co-star in Francis Lawrence‘s 2007 film adaptation, I Am Legend. Her real name is Abbey, but this extremely well trained German Shepherd plays virologist Robert Neville’s guard dog and last remaining friend, Samantha – a parting gift from Neville’s daughter before a fatal helicopter crash. Sam plays the penultimate example of “man’s best friend” as the pair spend their post-apocalyptic NYC days singing Bob Marley, scavenging, hunting, and fighting off infected vampire-esque creatures. Extremely resonant for me, because my own dog – a German Shepherd/Siberian Husky/Wolf mix – also risked her life to save me twice. Instead of vampire-hounds, she fought off two pitbulls on two separate occasions during our daily walks. She wasn’t fatally wounded, but has since passed away after an adventurous 16 years. I can never get through this otherwise sci-fi thriller without breaking down in tears by the end, because like Neville, my trusty companion got me through some rough patches and life-threatening quarrels. A true legend I see mirrored in this beautifully respectful depiction of mankind’s companionship. [Lee]
Scooby-Doo, Scooby-Doo (2002) & Scooby-Doo 2: Monsters Unleashed (2004)
Is there anything weirder than the two live action Scooby-Doo movies? Scooby is arguably the most popular pup of all time, so a big budget movie ($84 million) released by a huge studio was imminent, but what we got was ultimately an enigma. Both movies are borderline experimental when compared to other family movies released around the time, there is almost no tonal balance, it’s brimming with sexual and drug innuendos and weird undertones, the visual effects are dated but weirdly charming, and essentially it feels like it was written and directed by bored potheads. That being said, it’s actually a pretty comforting watch for me (damn you, nostalgia!), and I enjoy discovering wild things I missed whenever I revisit it. Furthermore, I’ll also go ahead and shamelessly proclaim that the frivolous banter between Shaggy and Scoob still makes me laugh to this day. [Vincent]
Marley, Marley & Me
Marley & Me may not be the best or the saddest dog movie ever made, but it is a movie that I hold really close to my heart because of how memorable my experience watching it. The first time I saw the movie was when I was in 7th grade, a time when I still had a Siberian Husky named Chico. My dad trusted me to walk and feed him every day, so I was really close with my dog — he was basically my best friend. But more than that, the relationship that I had with my dog allowed me to build a stronger bond with my dad in a way that my other siblings did not have. This is what depicted in Marley & Me. The movie not only realistically illustrates how powerful the bond between dogs and people can be, but also how dogs can bring two people closer. Though narrative-wise, the movie can get a little clunky, and the ending feels a little manipulative, I can’t help but love this movie because of how personal and relevant it is to me. [Reyzando Nawara]
Old Dan & Little Ann, Where the Red Fern Grows (1974)
The first time I watched this film, I was in the sixth grade. We had read an excerpt from the novel of the same title and watched the film towards the end of the year. Almost all of us cried, multiple times. Family movies in the seventies pulled no punches.
A young boy in the Ozarks named Billy spends years doing petty jobs to buy two Bluetick puppies, wanting to satisfy his passion for hunting raccoons. So begins a story of friendship between Billy, Old Dan and Little Ann. It’s a very midwestern, down-to-earth movie. There are beautiful landscapes (lensed by frequent Carpenter collaborator Dean Cundey) and a charming cast of characters, there’s a very dark subplot involving manslaughter, and Dan and Ann are just the cutest couple of dogs ever put to film. Stewart Peterson does a wonderful job as Billy, conveying the naive determination of a young boy who just wants one thing more than anything else. It’s a sad movie drenched in small town faith and pioneer spirit. The book is obviously filled with more nuance and spends a lot more time in the long journey that Billy takes in the first act, but the film is more focused on the relationship between Billy and the dynamic dog duo. It’s an impeccable film, and one that’s been sadly forgotten. [Jen]
Frankenweenie, Frankenweenie (2012)
It’s hard to look at an upcoming movie with a dog on the poster and not feel some tinge of sadness, because you know there’s a strong chance that the dog’s not going to make it to the end credits. Enter Tim Burton, with the only good movie he made in the past decade, to tell you that anything can be beaten, even death itself. Early on in Frankenweenie, the dog in question, an adorable stop-motion bull terrier named Sparky is killed, only for his owner, the precocious young Victor Frankenstein (because…sure) to resurrect him. The movie is pretty standard “baby’s first horror movie” stuff, and there’s nothing wrong with that, because the film is a delight. But that dog at the center, back again from the other side because of the powers of love and electricity, is something special. It’s an antidote to the harsh truth that everything dies, and those horse blinders against tragedy is the stuff that great feel-good films, and great dogs, are made of. [Davey Peppers]
Staff Selects antichrist dean cundey francis lawrence frankenweenie harrison ford heart of a dog i am legend john carpenter marley & me paddington scooby-doo scooby-doo 2: monsters unleashed the call of the wild the white ribbon tim burton toy story 3 wall-e where the red fern grows will smith
Staff View All →
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Interview with Duo 19 – Part Deux
February 11, 2013 February 11, 2013 Nicole Neal
Here we are folks, back again with part two of my interview with Dan McKay and Antony Field of Duo 19. In case you missed it last week, check out the first part of the interview here.
Duo 19 – yes named after a tram line! (Photo credit: Rantz)
On with Part Deux!
Guitarists they most admire
Dan and Antony are both massive fans of Pavel Steidl. Antony, in fact, rates him as probably the top player on the circuit performing today. They both also rate their former teacher, Canberra-based Tim Kain. Antony rates him in particular for “his sound, his phrasing, just the warmth and sincerity of his music-making is hard to find elsewhere. It’s a kind of rarity in a way, I think.”
Interestingly Antony has a bit of a love-hate relationship with the playing of John Williams, finding his playing very absent sometimes (a view that I may have a tendancy to agree with), but feels he’s gotten better in that regard as he’s gotten older. However, he can’t go past Segovia “some of the way he phrases things was so unique. It really worked sometimes….like wow, that’s special. It just comes from a place where Segovia was at as a person.”
Dan’s has two all-time favourite guitarists, with Alirio Diaz and Julian Bream vying for the top spot, and Pavel Steidl his favourite actively performing guitarist (and lucky Australian’s can check him out on tour this month and March with Karin Schaupp by the way).
Of Bream Dan had to say that “the Nocturnal, the first recording that Bream did was just great. I can’t imagine hearing better music.” Similarly with Segovia’s playing on some of the Castelnuovo-Tedescso works, “it was of a different age, a different kind of attention to different details in the playing I suppose. But the sound was just fantastic.”
The duo also share much love for local chaps Harold Gretton and Aleksandr Tsiboulski, as well as US guitarist Ben Verderey and Chinese star Xuefei Yang.
Some tips for you, dear readers!
I asked Dan and Antony’s to share their top tips for those currently studying guitar, or thinking about picking up the guitar for the first time…..Some wise words from the maestri:
Listen to the sound you make. This one is for students at any level – stop and say “is that the sound you want to make? “This is something that everyone can do fairly early on”, says Dan, “Even if you’re just learing to play your first notes on the third string or whatever, you can try to make it sound good you know, from the very start”.
It’s really important to not be thinking too far ahead. If you’re doing things that are too difficult for you, or comparing yourself to others and thinking that you should be really learning such-and-such piece – stop! Don’t worry about any of that. Antony advises to “just work with the material you’re working on with your teacher, getting that music to a point where you’re able to listen to it…..If it’s too difficult you’re probably not listening to yourself…..Stick with appreciating the sound and listening to the sound…”
Adopt an attitude of “what else”? Atune your ear, listen and think about what else you can get out of a particular phrase or piece. Think about what else is in the music other that what you’re playing at that moment. “That’s what keeps you alive and curious about music, to me anyway” says Antony.
Become familiar with the repertoire of the instrument. Go to concerts and recitals, listen to recordings, become familiar with the various pieces, the different styles. Listen and find those pieces that make you say “I feel like I just have to play this music” says Dan.
Always follow-up on what you were working on between lessons with your teacher. Write down what you’ve done in the lesson, but then also write down or remember and discuss with your teacher what you were working on away from the lesson. You spend more time practicing and playing away from the teacher (hopefully!) than you do with them. So there’s a lot of time and a lot of thinking and a lot of self-teaching going on. Dan advises on maximising your efforts by going through your own learnings during the week with your teacher.
Both guitarists feel the same that these principles apply to whatever level of guitarist you may be – whether you’re just picking up the guitar for the first time, you’re in your first year of learning, a tertiary student, or professional guitarist. The only separation between these is the levels of complexity involved. Antony says he stills applies these principles in his playing and adopts the very grounded attitude of “never feel like you’re above being reminded of that sound you’re creating….Or Oh what’s going on with the rhythm there…..we’re all human beings.”
Wise words indeed! Thanks for the interview guys and really looking forward to the next recording from Duo 19!
Ooh, and head here to check out Duo 19’s playing in action or purchase your very own copy of Fluid Lines: http://www.australianmusiccentre.com.au/product/fluid-lines
Interview with Duo 19 – Part One (classicalguitarnstuff.com)
Time to Get Excited! Karin Schaupp and Pavel Steidl on Tour in Oz! (classicalguitarnstuff.com)
Posted in InterviewsTagged classical guitar, Duo 19, Guitar, Guitarist, Julian Bream, Karin Schaupp, Melbourne, Pavel Steidl, Segovia, Xuefei Yang
Previous postInterview with Australian Guitar Maker Lance Litchfield
Next postA marathon starts with a single step or starting on the journey to guitar playing success and general awesomeness!
2 thoughts on “Interview with Duo 19 – Part Deux”
antoni field says:
Hi Nicole and thanks so much for all your effort in making thsi happen – where do you find the time??? You must be a fast typer or something??!! Anyway, trying to read the blog updates but get some busy…will try soon! Thanks again. :-)Antoni
Date: Sun, 10 Feb 2013 21:40:52 +0000 To: anttheguitarist@hotmail.com
Hi Antoni,
it really was an absolute pleasure! I’ll always find the time to devote to one of my favourite things in this world (so invariably lots of early mornings!) and especially so to hear some words of wisdom from amazing artists and teachers such as yourself and Dan.
Thanks for reading the blog!
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About ITS
Cyber Security Strategy
History of computing at UQ
Cultural awareness in ITS
ITS projects and initiatives
Contact ITS
The Cyber Security Strategy (PDF, 366KB) works in conjunction with Information Technology to support UQ’s strategic direction to create “knowledge leadership for a better world”.
This strategy addresses the challenges of cyber security at the University and defines a vision, mission and distinct goals that aim to address and resolve these challenges.
Vision, mission and principles
Key strategy and objectives
Success measures
Information security management
Information services that are underpinned by a well-implemented end-to-end security program to deliver optimised risk management while enabling innovation and agility.
Cyber security services that provide assurance and metrics to the University to permit sound, evidence-based decision-making to facilitate the University’s mission. A security-oriented culture extending from information and communication technology (ICT) specialists to the entire UQ community, enabling effective consideration of cyber security concerns across academic, research, support and ICT domains.
To effectively mitigate risk and protect UQ’s information assets against increasingly aggressive and sophisticated cyber threats while continually adapting to the rapidly evolving needs of the University.
Cyber Security is everyone’s business
As technical solutions for cyber security have improved, attackers have increasingly targeted users to gain unauthorised access to an organisation’s sensitive data assets. In striving to find the easiest or fastest way to perform a task, users may also bypass an organisations security controls. Hence users, and the processes they use to perform their work are a key aspect of cyber security. A holistic approach is required, taking into account environment, systems, people, and processes.
Continuous improvement of cyber security management
Regular review of the effectiveness of every element of the information security management programme together with learning from security incidents is necessary to create a mature and effective practice.
Optimised management of cyber security risk
An approach is needed that applies a dynamic mix of security controls to achieve the maximum benefit to UQ.
Balancing cyber security with usability
Information security mechanisms should impose as little burden to users as possible to achieve the required level of protection.
Cyber security as enabling innovation
Information security should be viewed as an enabler, allowing the University to benefit from the rapid development of information technology without exposing itself to unacceptable risk.
Cyber security must be adaptable and agile
Cyber security must keep pace with change in many dimensions including the University’s business, Information Technology, Security Technology and approach, and the evolving threat landscape.
Cyber security solutions should be as simple as possible
Cyber security controls should work in concert with each other and the underlying information systems and processes to achieve the greatest risk reduction for the least increase in complexity.
Building security from the ground up
Cyber security needs to be addressed as a fundamental requirement in the design, development and selection of information systems and processes, and throughout their life cycle.
The Cyber Security Strategy is designed to address the following key challenges:
Manage a complex range of ICT systems and offer a diverse range of services in an academic environment that values openness, flexibility and usability.
Support innovation
Support a high rate of information technology innovation in service of a premium student experience and academic endeavours in an increasingly globally competitive environment.
Support agility
Support agile business and ICT services, providing simple but secure solutions.
Manage vulnerabilities
Manage large numbers of constantly emerging security vulnerabilities across a broad spectrum of issues impacting multiple systems and platforms.
Constant security threats
Managing an aggressive and constantly changing threat environment. Attackers that seek to exploit vulnerabilities to compromise systems, user credentials, steal intellectual property, undermine the integrity of student grades, qualifications or academic research, financial fraud or to otherwise harm the business and reputation of the University.
Assess performance, provide assurance and improve decision making relating to cyber security risks through metrics, benchmarking and reporting.
A risk-based approach will be used, driven by the University’s business requirements, aligning cyber security risk with business risk to facilitate appropriate ownership by UQ’s governing individuals.
The objectives for this strategy are:
A register of UQ’s information assets will be created and maintained to understand protection requirements from the perspective of the teaching, research and support elements of UQ.
A register of cyber security risks faced by UQ will be created and used as the basis for optimised investment in controls and reporting of cyber risk to UQ governing bodies.
Cyber security risks will be regularly reviewed to inform the development and evolution of security controls, providing ongoing resilience to cyber threats.
Cyber security governance informed by best-practice frameworks, and leveraging UQ and IT governance, will be used to ensure cyber security risk is addressed broadly and effectively across UQ.
The UQ ITC Security policy will be rewritten to provide a strong basis for cyber security governance.
An overarching framework for cyber security will be developed with associated standards and procedures.
A cyber security management program will be established to implement regular activities required by the framework.
Relevant UQ procedures and standards will be reviewed and updated to ensure cyber security requirements are satisfied.
Architectural methods will be used to achieve an effective, well-balanced blend of technical and procedural controls.
A cyber security architecture will be developed and implemented to provide cohesion between technical controls for greater overall effectiveness.
Security will be incorporated into architectural design processes as a fundamental concern.
A culture conducive to cyber security will be fostered at UQ to strengthen other security initiatives.
A comprehensive security awareness program will be implemented to increase knowledge and promote the importance of cyber security.
Collaboration will be used to improve the University’s security capability while contributing to broader initiatives to reduce the impact of cyber threats.
Strong collaborative relationships will be developed with information security service providers and peers in other universities to augment and strengthen internal information security capabilities and contribute to broader initiatives to improve information security.
The information security service capabilities of AusCERT will be leveraged to provide exceptional operational security to the University.
The following changes in security metrics will be used to track the success of cyber security initiatives:
reduced residual information security risk to UQ
increased risk mitigation due to implemented security controls
increased level of maturity against best practise frameworks
reduction in the average resolution time for security incidents
increased proportion of users that have completed security training and respond appropriately to malicious emails
increased proportion of hosts where security OS and application patches are up-to-date.
Information security is about ensuring that stakeholders have confidence and trust in the University's ability to manage and protect the information it collects and holds. This includes:
student credit card details
research and development output
university financials.
Loss of this confidence and trust will have a major impact on the University's operations.
The Queensland Government has defined the standard requirements applicable to all governmental and semi-governmental entities for securing organisational information. This is contained in Queensland Government Information Standard 18: Information Security (IS18).
UQ is required to comply with the principles contained in IS18 for effective information security management.
Cyber security awareness for UQ students and staff
Privacy & Terms of use | Feedback | Updated: 18 Nov 2020
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Florida Derby Picks
Who’s next? The Winner of Saturday’s Grade 1, Million Dollar Florida Derby will be guaranteed a spot in the gate at Churchill Downs on May 4th. Up for grabs are Derby Qualifying Points distributed on a 100-40-20-10 scale to the Top 4 finishers.
The Mile & 1/8 Race is the 14th, and final race on the card. It has a scheduled Post Time of 6:30 pm Eastern Time. Here is a look at the field with the official morning line:
HIDDEN SCROLL [ML 5-2] Trainer: Bill Mott. Jockey: Javier Castellano. This guy had a 14-length Victory in his debut. He then ran a disappointing 4th as the favorite in the Fountain of Youth (G2) in which the hot pace led to much chatter about the ride by Joel Rosario. Castellano gets the mount in the Florida Derby, but the new rider won’t make a difference if HIDDEN SCROLL isn’t ready to relax in the early going.
CURRENT [ML 15-1] Trainer: Todd Pletcher. Jockey: Manuel Franco. With the Pletcher barn heating up on the Derby Trail, the connections here have decided to try racing on the dirt again. He has made four of five career starts on the grass, including a win in the Bourbon Stakes (G3) at Keeneland last year. His only start on the dirt came on a sloppy Churchill Downs track in the Kentucky Jockey Cup (G2) in November. He has a closing running style, which fits well given all the speed in here, but the competition is formidable.
HARVEY WALLBANGER [ML 15-1] Trainer: Ken McPeek. Jockey: Brian Hernandez Jr. He had once-in-a-lifetime pace setup in his long-shot Victory in the Holy Bull Stakes (G2). He has never run a bad race. His career began with three straight Place finishes and then broke his Maiden in his 2018 finale. This year, it is one start and one Win. But he needed every bit of the setup last time out, and there are better late runners in this Grade 1 field.
BOURBON WAR [ML 7-2] Trainer: Mark Hennig. Jockey: Irad Ortiz Jr. Finished 2nd in the Fountain of Youth, as he benefited from the brutal hot pace up front, which set up his big closing move. The impeccably bred colt made a huge late run and galloped out well after going the short stretch. He was farther behind in that race than in any other start, likely due to the speedy fractions set by HIDDEN SCROLL. Ortiz needs to keep an eye on the pace and CODE OF HONOR if he wants to stay within striking range.
EVERFAST [ML 20-1] Trainer: Dale Romans. Jockey: Chris Landeros. He was one of two big long-shots to connect in the Holy Bull Stakes, finishing 2nd at odds of 128-1. He came back in the Fountain of Youth Stakes at half that price but never lifted a foot while running eighth. Seems he will again try and make a late run in a field that has much better closers.
HARD BELLE [ML 50-1] Trainer: Jaime Mejia. Jockey: Jose Batista. Lone Victory came in his debut in a $50,000 Maiden Claiming race back in October. Since then he has run 12 more times at Gulfstream Park and Gulfstream West. Two tries in Graded Stakes company resulted in distant eighth-place finishes.
MAXIMUM SECURITY [ML 9-2] Trainer: Jason Servis. Jockey: Luis Saez. He is undefeated in three career starts, all of which were run at Gulfstream Park. The numbers to know are 18, 6, and 9, the respective margins of victory at distances from six to seven furlongs. He will be stretching in distance, and should be a pace factor while making a big jump up in class.
BODEXPRESS [ML 30-1] Trainer: Gustavo Delgado. Jockey: Nik Juarez. Still a Maiden, this son of BODEMEISTER ran his best speed number while finishing 2nd by a neck sprinting at Gulfstream Park in February.
CODE OF HONOR [ML 3-1] Trainer: Shug McGaughey. Jockey: John Velazquez. As other Favorites have failed in recent Derby Preps, this guys stock is rising in the KD rankings. He had a nice Win over a strong field in the Fountain of Youth Stakes. McGaughey won the FOY and the Florida Derby in 2013 and then went on to Victory the first Saturday in May with ORB. Hall of Fame rider Johnny V. will be in the saddle and he has won this race four of the last six years.
UNION’S DESTINY [ML 30-1] Trainer: Juan Carols Avila. Jockey: Leonal Reyes. Here is another Gulfstream Park based runner who would have to make significant strides to be a contender with this big step up in class. He has just a Maiden Victory and most recently was out-classed in the Fountain of Youth Stakes after trying to rally from the back of the pack.
GARTER AND TIE [ML 15-1] Trainer: Ralph Nicks. Jockey: Jeffery Sanchez. This Florida-bred has made eight starts in his career with two Stakes Wins. His first career Win came in a State-Bred Stakes Race in his fourth start. He added a Victory in the Smooth Air Stakes at Gulfstream Park, the site of all of his races. Last time out ran 6th in the Holy Bull.
Summary: The main contenders (likely to be the top betting choices) seem to be the trio from the Fountain of Youth; #9 CODE OF HONOR, #4 BOURBON WAR and #1 HIDDEN SCROLL. If you include (as DRB will) the newcomer #7 MAXIMUM SECURITY, then the Florida Derby appears to be a contest that is more dependent on pace than many big races.
CODE OF HONOR and BOURBON WAR will both make a late run in the race, trying to catch and go by the front-runners, but the Million Dollar question is, will there be a collapse up front?
Unbeaten MAXIMUM SECURITY will probably go to the lead and try and take the field gate to wire. Has HIDDEN SCROLL learned to harness his speed since going out ‘guns-a-blazing’ in the Fountain of Youth just 4 weeks ago? Will he be able to get the distance in what is only his third career start?
Now that the the Daily Racing Blog has sufficiently fogged up the crystal ball, our wager, seemingly, should be a four horse Trifecta Box using the #1-4-7-9. But where is the Value in that?
So we will take a flyer with the #2 CURRENT. The last time he tried the dirt it was a Sloppy Track at Churchill Downs, so he should relish the dry, fast surface of Gulfstream Park. He also had a Bullet workout on March 22nd. It is hard to ignore any Todd Pletcher horse in this race as he has Won it four out of the last five years. So in addition to the aforementioned Trifecta Box, we will also do a Trifecta Key with the #2 on top of the #1-4-7-9. Along with an Exacta Box using #2-4-7, and Win Bets on those three as well.
Best of luck no matter how you play it.
thesaratogan March 30, 2019
3 thoughts on “Florida Derby Picks”
Everett Neville says:
I think you might be a little too dismissive of the #3. He’s been top 2 in all five of his races, has the fastest 1 1/16 in the field, and also had a bullet work on 3/19. I’m afraid 1 & 7 will lock into a speed duel and burn each other up. I’m going with the bartenders exacta, Harvey Wallbanger and Bourbon War (liked him in the FOY). Then mixing in your #2 and #9 for the triple.
Ordinarily I wouldn’t consider the 2 because of his turf background but you’ve been hot so I’m tossing him in.
thesaratogan says:
Normally, I too would not venture with a Turf to Dirt, back to Turf, to try Dirt again…but CATHOLIC BOY in last years Travers Stakes changed my point of view on that. I will use the #3 underneath, in case he gets up for a piece. Good luck to you Ev.
Well…didn’t see THAT coming. YOU could have raced with those fractions.
Big weekend coming!
Previous Previous post: Florida Derby Field
Next Next post: The Road Continues…
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Supreme Court Rules Religion Takes Precedence Over The Health And Safety Of Citizens
Maya Wiley ripped the decision as anti-Science and activist, and John Roberts wrote the dissent.
By John Amato on Mon, 11/30/2020 - 4:05am
SCOTUS Decision On PA Voting Deadline Looks Like A Victory, But Not For Long
Legal analysts warn this split decision is a harbinger of things to come with Barrett voting on the Supreme Court.
By Susie Madrak on Tue, 10/20/2020 - 4:19am
Image from: Wikimedia Commons
U.S. Top Military Leaders In Quarantine After COVID-19 Outbreak
Our entire national security apparatus is now at risk, thanks to the man in the White House who doesn't take the coronavirus seriously.
By John Amato on Tue, 10/06/2020 - 12:44pm
Coronavirus Hits The Pentagon
John Roberts reports on Fox News about the quarantine of Admiral Charles W. Ray, the Vice Commandant of the Coast Guard and the subsequent quarantine of many leaders in the national security establishment.
By Karoli Kuns on Tue, 10/06/2020 - 12:36pm
John Roberts Claps Back Against Right-Wing Twitter: Stop Deflecting!
The Fox News White House Correspondent has had it with tweets claiming he's asking inappropriate questions of the Trump administration on White Nationalism.
By Frances Langum on Thu, 10/01/2020 - 9:01am
John Roberts Has Had It With Trump Not Denouncing White Supremacy
The Fox News White House correspondent is visibly ticked off with Kayleigh McEnany.
GOP Senator Attacks Dems Over Concern Barrett Will Overturn The ACA: 'Sell Crazy Somewhere Else'
I wonder what Louisiana Senator John Kennedy is going to tell his constituents after Barrett does actually vote to take health care away from millions of Americans in the middle of a pandemic shortly after the presidential election.
By Heather on Sun, 09/27/2020 - 12:35pm
'Sell Crazy Somewhere Else': LA Senator Pretends They Don't Know Full Well Barrett Will Overturn ACA
Fox's Brit Hume and LA Sen. John Kennedy were working the refs hard on Fox News Sunday trying to assure their audience that Trump's nominee for SCOTUS won't overturn the Affordable Care Act, despite the fact that she's on the record criticizing John Roberts for upholding it.
By Heather on Sun, 09/27/2020 - 10:17am
Fox's John Roberts Lies About When Biden Started Receiving Intelligence Briefings
Fox's John Roberts tells Neil Cavuto that Biden may have started receiving intelligence briefings in February, when it was widely reported that he started receiving them in June.
By Heather on Fri, 09/11/2020 - 3:07am
Fox News Insinuates Biden Was Privy To Intel About Covid In February
Joe Biden didn't start getting intelligence briefings until June, but that didn't stop Fox's John Roberts from insinuating that they started in February so he and Neil Cavuto could "both-sides" Trump's disastrous response to the coronavirus pandemic.
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Energy Sustainability and the Pharmaceutical Industry
By Maria Ryan
CLS attended the ‘Future in Pharmaceuticals Ireland’ conference in Croke Park on February 22nd, with Energy Sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry as the main theme. Presenters included Coillte, GSK,Sirus, Gas Networks Ireland, Calor, Enterprise Ireland and SEAI (Sustainability Energy Authority of Ireland). The following 5 key areas were emphasised 1. EU Energy Efficiency Directive 2. ISO 50001 Energy Management System 3. Renewable Gas, 4. Brexit, and 5. Available Funding.
1. EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU)
The EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU) requires each EU country to implement a policy and program to help reach the EU’s energy efficiency targets of 20% by 2020. Each EU country must become more energy efficient at all stages of the energy chain. Ireland has adopted this Directive as Statutory Instrument (SI) 426. As part of its implementation, it is now mandatory for many companies to comply with an energy audit and identify energy saving opportunities. There is also a move towards Renewable Energy as part of Energy Management Strategies within the pharmaceutical industry. GSK have already incorporated the use of Wind and Biomass Energy as part of specific site energy sources.
2. Energy Management System (ISO 50001)
ISO 50001 Energy Management System provides a structured approach to energy management. Benefits include Abbvie achieving 22% Reduction in Energy consumption over 3 years and GSK achieving 22% reduction in Carbon footprint and 20% reduction in water usage since 2010.
Implementation of the standard can vary with up to 6 months. It can take 9 – 12 months to become accredited to this standard. Phase 1 of accreditation involves a surveillance audit while phase 2 involves a walk around. The standard also promotes a culture of performance while enhancing the company’s competitiveness.
3. Renewable Gas
Gas Networks Ireland as part of the ERIVA brand is moving towards the introduction of renewable gas into its network. Agriculture will provide renewable sources of gas. Methane produced from the anaerobic digestion of agricultural sludges and slurries will be purified and pumped through the gas network displacing the fossil fuel. In addition, Calor will introduce a new product into the Irish Market in 2017 called bioLPG (liquefied petroleum gas) which is derived from renewable sources (waste, residues and vegetable oils). Calor will be the first company to introduce this renewable gas to Ireland.
4. Brexit
With the approach of Brexit, it is thought that there will be many challenges for business in Ireland. However, we do not know what they will be exactly. We can prepare for these challenges by sourcing new markets, adding more value to our products and becoming more competitive. We can look to companies like Toyota for examples of best practice.
5. Funding and Grants
Funding is available to companies from Enterprise Ireland, the IDA (Industrial Development Authority) and SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland). This funding supports companies to remain competitive in Ireland. Lean start, Lean plus and Lean transform funding is provided by Enterprise Ireland coupled with GreenStart programs while EXEED (Excellence in Energy Efficiency Design) funding for technology upgrade in energy efficiency is provided by SEAI. EXEED is a program which certifies technologies which are energy efficient.
Overall energy sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry was the main theme of the ‘Future in Pharmaceuticals Ireland’ conference. Leading pharmaceutical companies such as GSK have endeavoured to become more sustainable in this regard: by implementing ISO50001, and incorporating renewable energy such as wind and biomass into their energy strategy plans. Renewable gas will soon be available as an energy source to the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, Calor will be making bioLPG available as a new product in 2017.
To find out more please contact Senior Environmental Consultant Mairéad Ryan at mairead.ryan@crystalleansolutions.ie or Managing Director Maria Ryan at maria.ryan@crystalleansolutions.ie
Enterprise Ireland, EU Energy Efficiency Directive (2012/27/EU), Future in Pharmaceuticals in Ireland, IDA
Delivering 200% Growth using a Lean Approach
4 Ways Enterprise Ireland and IDA will Help You respond to Brexit
5 Key Insights from the Lean Productivity and Continuous Improvement Summit
CLS Speak with Furniture and Wood Technology students at GMIT Letterfrack, Co. GalwayNews
4 Ways Enterprise Ireland and IDA will Help You respond to BrexitNews
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Family of deceased British Army officer calls for investigation of “cult”
By Linda Rogers
The family of a 27-year-old British Army officer who died of cancer in November (2012) have called for an investigation into the brainwashing tactics of a group who claimed they could cure her cancer. Leaders of Innersound, who have a clinic in London and are recognized as a cult by UK experts, dissuaded Naima Mohamed from having the chemotherapy that could have saved her life. Innersound ‘masters’ claimed she would recover from their meditation and therapy alone, and that chemotherapy was poison.
The Sandhurst-trained officer rejected chemotherapy and all other NHS treatments in January 2011. She handed over more than £15k to Innersound, but then the cancer spread to her sternum and lungs. Naima was told in July last year by hospital doctors her family persuaded her to see that she had around two years to live, but she died in a hospice near her family in Poole just four months later.
Naima’s Moroccan-born father Ben Mohamed, 68, wept as he told last week “Naima was totally under the spell of those so called masters, and she kept saying they knew how to cure her, that she would be OK. There needs to be an investigation into what they are doing. They are telling very sick people they can cure them and it’s just rubbish. It’s just a shame my daughter didn’t realize this sooner, when she could have had life saving treatment. They made her believe chemotherapy was poison that would harm her body not cure it. At the end of her life Naima said to me ‘I’m so sorry dad. I was wrong’. Something needs to happen to stop them doing this to others.” Naima’s distraught mother Saida has been staying with relatives in France since the funeral on 18th November.
Naima’s grandfather Thomas Philips, a British man who was in the Navy said “I too would like to see an investigation. Naima kept taking me to the clinic, convinced their massages would cure my arthritis and heart trouble. They encourage clients to bring relatives for treatments. It wasn’t magical or miraculous, just expensive massage, and Naima was very struck with them. I suppose she was brainwashed, but it was hard to reach that conclusion there as the masters all seemed so genuine and kind. Naima kept saying ‘they are taking the badness out of me granddad, and you have to believe it.'” Mr Philips says Innersound were ‘bleeding Naima dry’ and she often asked him for loans to pay for her treatments.
The Innersound Foundation, just off Harley Street and formerly known as Ki Health, told Naima that their Master Oh (photo left) had cured himself of cancer and said he could cure hers. The enrobed South Korean leader said she would recover through ‘ancestral healing’ which gets rid of ancestors’ ‘bad energy’ to heal their troubled successors living in the present.
A 32 year old management consultant who was seeing Innersound masters at the same time as Naima for bowel disease, who can’t be named in this article for legal reasons, has pledged to sign an affidavit to swear by what he witnessed. He said ” I saw masters tell Naima she didn’t need chemotherapy. Master Oh said he had cured himself of stomach cancer, and that he would help to cure her. Another master claimed she was healed of breast cancer, and Naima could be healed too. Master Oh also told many others in my presence he could cure them of different illnesses.”
Anti-cult expert Graham Baldwin, who runs the Catalyst charity which helps victims of cults and their families, said “This group prey on vulnerable, desperate people to abuse them financially and mentally. Any organization which suggest a girl with cancer should stop chemotherapy is not doing what could be expected of any charity. Innersound are never going to improve anyone’s chances of recovering from a terminal illness. They should lose their charitable status, and police need to investigate them under the 1939 Cancer Act which forbids false claims for cancer cures.”
Naima, who grew up in Winchester, paid £9,000 for ancestral healing and parted with another £7,000 for other oriental therapies including meditation, chanting and to pay for for elaborate ceremonies. Patients are made to belch and hiss in the belief this will get rid of the ‘bad energy’ that is making them sick.
Naima originally contacted Innersound for spiritual enlightenment after hearing about them from a fellow soldier, and was diagnosed with breast cancer the following year. Her close friend Dulcie Fernandez said “Naima is very sorry that she ever went to Innersound and she would want it known that their treatments don’t work.”
I met Naima at her lodgings in London in July. She said “I was given the firm impression by the masters that chemotherapy wasn’t going to work for me. They told me this, and they seemed so knowledgeable, so genuine and compassionate I believed them. I’m a soldier, a professional, and I am not a gullible person, but they influenced me at a time when I was highly vulnerable, promising me life-saving things I desperately wanted to believe. I wish now that I hadn’t.”
Cult expert lawyer Claire Kirby helped Naima last year get a £12k refund from Innersound, who say they repaid the money out of compassion and accept no liability for Naima’s then failing heath.
Kirby claimed Innersound used ‘undue influence’ to extract monies, by befriending Naima and winning her confidence. In a letter to them she says “…(our client) was encouraged to trust and revere the masters and to believe in the teachings of Innersound including that the treatments and trainings had an excellent success rate of getting people with cancer better again. Master Oh stated that our client did not need chemotherapy, and that if she committed herself to the program could heal herself of cancer.’
Innersound’s therapies use techniques derived from those used by a South Korean couple jailed in 2000 for conning their followers out of £44 million. Mo Haeng Yong and Park Gui Dal were imprisoned in Seoul for 8 and 5 years respectively. Innersound deny associations with the couple, although they have visited them in the UK.
Ki Health were forced to change their name to Innersound after being exposed by a British newspaper in 2008. They now are alls using the name Qi Wellness. Frequent name-changing is routine among cults who want to distance themselves from negative publicity and law enforcement. The UK anti-cult movement is lobbying the Charity Commission for it to withdraw Innersound’s charitable status.
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Culture Digitally
Digital Keywords
Festival of Memeology
Book Announcement and Excerpt: “Boundaries of Journalism”
Seth Lewis · April 17, 2015
Matt Carlson and Seth Lewis have just published Boundaries of Journalism: Professionalism, Practices and Participation, an edited collection on the study of boundary work and journalism, and part of the Shaping Inquiry in Culture, Communication and Media Studies series edited by Barbie Zelizer. Below is an excerpt from Matt’s introductory chapter, and further information can be found here as well as via Routledge, Amazon, and Google Books.
Conceptualizing boundaries in journalism
A review of how the concept of boundaries has been used in journalism studies reveals a growing body of research seeking to understand the demarcation of journalism norms, practices, and participants. For the most part, studies have explored the nuances of boundary work taking place within individual cases. What is clear from these efforts is the stubborn lack of cohesion plaguing the practice of journalism.[1] It is also clear that it is time to look across studies taking up the mantle of boundary work to identify common themes and propose future research. This section takes up this task, although with the caveat that categorizing patterns within journalism studies requires its own cartographic intervention.
From the existing work on journalism’s boundaries reviewed in this section, it is clear that there cannot be a single, one-dimensional understanding of boundary work and journalism. Instead, what is needed is a broader framework capable of encompassing different types of boundaries while relating these types within a cohesive structure. This section proposes such a matrix to situate individual studies of boundary work and journalism alongside one another in a systematic way. The main components of this matrix, presented as rows in Table 0.1, are Gieryn’s three generic types of boundary work — expansion, expulsion, and protection of autonomy — and, as columns, three areas of journalism around which boundary work occurs — participants, practices, and professionalism.
Beginning with the columns, at its most basic, boundary work surrounding “Participants” involves placing lines separating journalists from non-journalists. But it also points to complex efforts to stratify actors both inside and outside of news. If the question at the heart of participants-based boundary work is “who is appropriate?” then the basic question for the second column, “Practices,” concerns “what is appropriate?” It is here that the boundaries of acceptable newsgathering or distribution methods are set. Finally, the area of “Professionalism” includes efforts by journalists to establish themselves as a distinct community with specialized knowledge. Certainly this involves both participants and practices, but it is situated as its own column because of the close connection between professionalism and epistemic authority.
The rows in Table 0.1 correspond to Gieryn’s[2] generic boundary-work typology. Although expansion, expulsion, and protection of anonymity are not specific to journalism, these types can be adapted to fit journalistic boundary work. “Expansion” denotes efforts by journalists to extend the borders of what may be considered journalism into new domains. Here Gieryn dovetails with Abbott’s concept of jurisdictional claims in which different groups (or occupations) compete to rightfully control an area of knowledge production.[3] With journalism, expansion can be seen in the spread of journalism from print to electronic formats beginning with radio and later encompassing television, and online formats like blogs.[4]
“Expulsion,” by contrast, relates to struggles to erect or strengthen boundaries within journalistic practice to reposition something or someone as being outside of acceptable journalism. Expulsion acts as a “means of social control” in which “borders get placed and policed.”[5] The classic example is the expulsion of those actors branded to be deviant.[6] Their exile provides the journalistic community with an opportunity to publicly set the “boundaries of the permissible.”[7] For example, when reporter Jayson Blair was fired from the New York Times after being caught fabricating and plagiarizing stories, the newspaper — and the larger journalistic community — reacted by reaffirming core norms and practices.[8] Another example of expulsion in journalistic boundary work would be a contest over whether some new form laying claim to “journalism” — or encroaching on journalism’s jurisdiction — is actually journalism.
Expulsion-based boundary occupies much of the research on the boundaries of journalism. Winch put Gieryn’s framework to use regarding professionalism with his study of how journalists draw sharp distinctions between tabloid-style journalism and hard news.[9] Other scholars have studied the expulsion of specific practices, including paparazzi style photography following the 1997 death of Princess Diana,[10] pack journalism by political reporters,[11] constructed quotations,[12] earnestness,[13] and questionable newsgathering practices.[14] Efforts to establish boundaries also occur through memory work.[15]
Much of the recent work on boundaries concerning participants examines the limits and forms of non-journalistic participation. The “professional-participatory tension” arises as outsiders assume an ever-larger role in the creation and circulation of news and information.[16] For example, Örnebring’s interviews with journalists reveal ingrained cognitive efforts to define and differentiate news professionals from amateurs.[17] Even in admitting the value of amateurs, a solid wall was still constructed around professional journalism. In studying how a news organization handled reader comments online, Robinson shows how different boundaries emerged between and among journalists and audiences, resulting in a “grand identity complex” as the institutional hierarchy of professional journalism is challenged in digital spaces.[18] Taking the “boundary-crossing” metaphor as their point of departure for describing the inclusion of audiences in the news-making process, Beckett and Mansell argue that as journalism becomes networked — the journalist situated more as facilitator of a public debate rather than mere broadcaster of information — it enables a potentially new set of cultures, values, and viewpoints to be expressed in the public arena, for good or ill.[19] Meanwhile, the boundaries between journalists and their information sources have become contested terrain as well, perhaps most notably in the case of WikiLeaks. For example, even while collaborating with the international nonprofit website to reveal government secrets, The New York Times was careful to hold the group at arm’s length as just another “source” that lacked objectivity, thereby pushing WikiLeaks “outside journalism’s professional boundaries while reaffirming its own place inside those boundaries, as an established, trusted institution worthy of the social authority to monitor other important institutions.”[20]
Both expansion and expulsion boundary work involve the extension or contraction of what qualifies as journalism. By contrast, the category of “Protection of autonomy” involves fending off incursions by non-journalists seeking to control or shape journalism. It is not that these outsiders wish to be labeled as journalists. Instead, they seek to influence journalism in what journalists perceive as a threat to autonomy. For example, the protection of autonomy can be seen in efforts to oppose advertisers from manipulating editorial content. Or, in the UK, journalists have opposed efforts by the government to enact regulatory statutes over news in the wake of the News of the World Scandal and the Leveson inquiry. The protection of autonomy is deeply ingrained within journalism, as Revers’s study of U.S. statehouse reporters uncovered.[21] The journalists he studied displayed internalized boundary performances of journalists through their eagerness to act professionally and avoid non-journalistic behavior. Future work will hopefully go beyond rhetoric to connect boundaries with performativity.[22]
A few words of warning are needed at this point. First, like any model, the bounded space of a matrix appears more orderly than actual boundary work practices — or the studies of such practices. Journalistic boundary work certainly spills over across the cells of this matrix, which are by no means mutually exclusive — nor should they be. In placing studies within this matrix, what is important is where the emphasis of the boundary work taking place falls among participants, practices, and professional norms. What do the actors involve accent in their arguments for establishing — or erasing — divisions? At the same time, the different combinations that occur deserve attention for what they indicate about the nature of journalistic boundary work.
Second, the matrix appears to freeze time, locking journalism into place. However, the boundaries that develop should not be construed as temporally static. Instead, different participants, norms, or practices move through across the cells over time. For example, where blogging was once largely expulsed from journalism as the work of amateurs, in recent years the boundaries of journalism has expanded to encompass blogging as an acceptable form for disseminating news. Such movement is not a failure of the matrix but rather an indicator of the malleability of journalism’s borders over time. Longitudinal investigations of expulsion and expansion should be encouraged.
Finally, this matrix is not some natural entity with immutable laws but a constructed representation aiming to shed light on boundary work. That is, to explain boundaries, this matrix creates boundaries. Like all representations, it is open to challenge and alteration. Therefore this matrix should not, by itself, crystallize a conception of what constitutes journalism. To do so would be counterproductive. Rather, this matrix provides a model sensitive to the many directions from which journalism comes to be constructed or contested — the task to which this book is dedicated.
[1] Lewis, “The Tension Between Professional Control and Open Participation: Journalism and its Boundaries”; Schudson and Anderson, “Objectivity, Professionalism, and Truth Seeking in Journalism.”
[2] Gieryn, Cultural Boundaries of Science, 15-17.
[3] Abbott, The System of Professions, 88.
[4] Jane Singer, “The political j-blogger ‘normalizing’ a new media form to fit old norms and practices,” Journalism 6, no. 2 (2005): 173-198.
[5] Gieryn, Cultural Boundaries of Science, 16.
[6] Matt Carlson, “Gone, but not forgotten: Memories of journalistic deviance as metajournalistic discourse,” Journalism Studies, forthcoming (2014).
[7] David Eason, “On journalistic authority: The Janet Cooke scandal,” Critical Studies in Mass Communication 3, no. 4 (1986): 429-447.
[8] Elizabeth Hindman, “Jayson Blair, The New York Times, and Paradigm Repair,” Journal of Communication 55, no. 2 (2005): 225-241.
[9] Samuel Winch, Mapping the cultural space of journalism: How journalists distinguish news from entertainment (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1997).
[10] Dan Berkowitz, “Doing double duty Paradigm repair and the Princess Diana what-a-story,” Journalism 1, no. 2 (2000): 125-143; Ronald Bishop, “From behind the walls: Boundary work by news organizations in their coverage of Princess Diana’s death,” Journal of Communication Inquiry 23, no. 1 (1999): 90-112.
[11] Russell Frank, “These crowded circumstances: When pack journalists bash pack journalism,” Journalism 4, no. 4 (2003): 441-458.
[12] Elizabeth Fakazis, “Janet Malcolm constructing boundaries of journalism,” Journalism 7, no. 1 (2006): 5-24.
[13] Matt Carlson and Jason Peifer, “The Impudence of being earnest: Jon Stewart and the boundaries of discursive responsibility,” Journal of Communication 63, no. 2 (2013): 333-350.
[14] Matt Carlson and Dan Berkowitz, “’The emperor lost his clothes’: Rupert Murdoch, news of the world and journalistic boundary work in the UK and USA,” Journalism, forthcoming (2013).
[15] Dan Berkowitz and Robert Gutsche, “Drawing lines in the journalistic sand; Jon Stewart, Edward R. Murrow, and memory of news gone by,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 89, no. 4 (2012): 643-656.
[16] Lewis, “The Tension,” 838.
[17] Henrik Örnebring, “Anything you can do, I can do better? Professional journalists on citizen journalism in six European countries,” International Communication Gazette 75, no. 1 (2013): 35-53.
[18] Sue Robinson, “Traditionalists vs. convergers: Textual privilege, boundary work, and the journalist-audience relationship in the commenting policies of online news sites,” Convergence 16, no.1 (2010): 125-143.
[19] Charlie Beckett and Robin Mansell, “Crossing boundaries: New media and networked journalism,” Communication, Culture & Critique 1, no. 1(2008): 93. See also Marie-Claire Shanahan, “Science blogs as boundary layers: Creating and understanding new writer and reader interactions through science blogging,” Journalism 12, no. 7 (2011): 903-919.
[20] Mark Coddington, “Defending a paradigm by patrolling a boundary: Two global newspapers’ approach to WikiLeaks,” Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 89, no. 3 (2012): 389. See also: Scott Eldridge, “Boundary maintenance and interloper media reaction: Differentiating between journalism’s discursive enforcement processes,” Journalism Studies 15, no. 1 (2014): 1-16.
[21] Matthias Revers, “Journalistic professionalism as performance and boundary work: Source relations at the state house,” Journalism, forthcoming (2013).
[22] Jo Bogaerts, “On the performativity of journalistic identity” Journalism Practice 5, no. 4 (2011): 399-413. Marcel Broersma, “Journalism as performative discourse: The Importance of form and style in journalism,” in Journalism and meaning-making: Reading the newspaper, ed. Verica Rupar (Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2010), 15-35.
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To the tattooed gentleman at the bar, Gary Allan has already figured it out: She’s the wrong woman for you. Maybe it’s the strong drinks that have you seeing double, but the country singer/bartender’s facial expression at the 01:03 mark pretty much says it all. https://youtu.be/d6fSXGLIP9w Read the whole article at CMT.com
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Home > Publications > Discussion Papers, 1955-Present
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CFDP 1062 John Geanakoplos, "Common Knowledge," (August 1993) [73pp, Abstract] , (See: 828)
CFDP 1061 James Tobin, "The Natural Rate as New Classical Macroeconomics," (October 1993) [18pp, Abstract] , (See: 937)
CFDP 1060R Donald W. K. Andrews, "Hypothesis Testing with a Restricted Parameter Space," (April 1993, Revised June 1994) [63pp, Abstract] , (See: 960)
CFDP 1059 Donald W. K. Andrews, "Empirical Process Methods in Econometrics," (September 1993) [58pp, Abstract] , (See: 887)
CFDP 1058 Donald W. K. Andrews, Werner Ploberger, "Admissibility of the Likelihood Ratio Test When a Nuisance Parameter Is Present Only under the Alternative," (July 1993) [32pp, Abstract] , (See: 916)
CFDP 1057 Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, "A Simulation Estimation Analysis of the External Debt Crises of Developing Countries," (September 1993) [27pp, Abstract] , (See: 871)
CFDP 1056 Martin Shubik, "The Theory of Money and Financial Institutions," (September 1993) [32pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1055 Peter C. B. Phillips, James W. McFarland, "Forward Exchange Market Unbiasedness: The Case of the Australian Dollar Since 1984," (August 1993, Revised June 1996) [18pp, Abstract] , (See: 1068)
CFDP 1054 Oliver B. Linton, "Adaptive Estimation in ARCH Models," (March 1993) [56pp, Abstract] , (See: 910)
CFDP 1053 Donald W. K. Andrews, John McDermott, "Nonlinear Econometric Models with Deterministically Trending Variables," (August 1993) [25pp, Abstract] , (See: 907)
CFDP 1052 Alvin K. Klevorick, Richard C. Levin, Richard R. Nelson, Sidney G. Winter, "On the Sources and Significance of Interindustry Differences in Technological Opportunities," (August 1993) [47pp, Abstract] , (See: 896)
CFDP 1051 Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Paul A. Ruud, "Classical Estimation Methods for LDV Models Using Simulation," (July 1993) [46pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1050 Martin Shubik, Shuntian Yao, "The Money Rate of Interest and the Influence of Assets in a Multistage Economy with Gold or Paper Money: Part II," (June 1993) [32pp, Abstract] , (See: 770)
CFDP 1049 Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, "Simulating Normal Rectangle Probabilities and Their Derivatives: The Effects of Vectorization," (July 1993) [39pp, Abstract] , (See: 857)
CFDP 1048 Robert J. Shiller, "Aggregate Income Risks and Hedging Mechanisms," (June 1993) [37pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1047 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Fully Modified Least Squares and Vector Autoregression," (May 1993) [81pp, Abstract] , (See: 905)
CFDP 1046 Martin Shubik, Shuntian Yao, "The Money Rate of Interest and the Influence of Assets in a Multistage Economy with Gold or Paper Money: Part I," (June 1993) [42pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1045 Robert Mendelsohn, William D. Nordhaus, Daigee Shaw, "Measuring the Impact of Global Warming in Agriculture," (April 1993) [42pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1044 Jean-Michel Grandmont, "Behavioral Heterogeneity and Cournot Oligopoly Equilibrium," (March 1993) [30pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1043 Martin Shubik, Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, "A Strategic Market Game with Seigniorage Costs of Fiat Money," (March 1993, Revised January 2001) [16pp, Abstract] , (See: 1033)
CFDP 1042 James Tobin, "An Old Keynesian Counterattacks," (March 1993) [29pp, Abstract] , (See: 843)
CFDP 1041 Richard Ericson, Ariel Pakes, "An Alternative Theory of Firm and Industry Dynamics," (December 1992) [69pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1040 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Hyper-Consistent Estimation of a Unit Root in Time Series Regression," (December 1992) [20pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1039 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Some Exact Distribution Theory for Maximum Likelihood Estimators of Cointegrating Coefficients in Error Correction Models," (November 1992) [28pp, Abstract] , (See: 864)
CFDP 1038 Peter C. B. Phillips, Werner Ploberger, "Time Series Modeling with a Bayesian Frame of Reference: Concepts, Illustrations and Asymptotics," (October 1992) [66pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1037 John M. Miller, Martin Shubik, "Some Dynamics of a Strategic Market Game with a Large Number of Agents," (November 1992) [29pp, Abstract] , (See: 881)
CFDP 1036 Robert J. Shiller, "Measuring Asset Values for Cash Settlement in Derivative Markets: Hedonic Repeated Measures Indices and Perpetual Futures," (November 1992) [35pp, Abstract] , (See: 856)
CFDP 1035 Donald W. K. Andrews, "The Large Sample Correspondence Between Classical Hypothesis Tests and Bayesian Posterior Odds Tests," (November 1992) [40pp, Abstract] , (See: 874)
CFDP 1034 Christopher A. Sims, "A Nine Variable Probabilistic Macroeconomic Forecasting Model," (June 1992) [37pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1033 Ioannis Karatzas, Martin Shubik, William D. Sudderth, "Construction of Stationary Markov Equilibria in a Strategic Market Game," (October 1992) [44pp, Abstract] , (See: 884)
CFDP 1032 Imre Bárány, Roger Howe, Herbert E. Scarf, "The Complex of Maximal Lattice Free Simplices," (November 1992) [15pp, Abstract] , (See: 888)
CFDP 1031R Pradeep Dubey, John Geanakoplos, Martin Shubik, "Is Gold an Efficient Store of Value?," (September 1992, Revised February 2002) [15pp, Abstract] , (See: 1084)
CFDP 1030R James Tobin, "Poverty in Relation to Macroeconomic Trends, Cycles, and Policies," (September 1992, Revised May 1993) [35pp, Abstract] , (See: 877)
CFDP 1029 Herbert E. Scarf, "Tjalling Charles Koopmans (August 28, 1910–February 26, 1985)," (September 1992) [29pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1028 Eric Ghysels, "On the Periodic Structure of the Business Cycle," (July 1992) [25pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1027 Eric Ghysels, "Christmas, Spring and the Dawning of Economic Recovery," (May 1992) [25pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1026 Donald W. K. Andrews, Hong-Yuan Chen, "Approximately Median-Unbiased Estimation of Autoregressive Models with Applications to U.S. Macroeconomic and Financial Time Series," (August 1992) [47pp, Abstract] , (See: 867)
CFDP 1025 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Bayes Methods for Trending Multiple Time Series with an Empirical Application to the US Economy," (August 1992) [69pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1024 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Bayes Models and Forecasts of Australian Macroeconomic Time Series," (August 1992) [33pp, Abstract] , (See: 897)
CFDP 1023 Peter C. B. Phillips, "Bayesian Model Selection and Prediction with Empirical Applications," (July 1992) [31pp, Abstract] , (See: 911)
CFDP 1022 Jean-Michel Grandmont, "Expectations Driven Nonlinear Business Cycles," (June 1992) [39pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1021R Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Daniel McFadden, Paul A. Ruud, "Simulation of Multivariate Normal Orthant Probabilities: Theoretical and Computational Results," (May 1992, Revised October 1994) [43pp, Abstract] , (See: 924)
CFDP 1020 Donald W. K. Andrews, "An Introduction to Econometric Random Variables," (May 1992) [40pp, Abstract] , (See: 837)
CFDP 1019 William D. Nordhaus, "Rolling the ‘Dice’: An Optimal Transition Path for Controlling Greenhouse Gases," (June 1992) [33pp, Abstract] , (See: 836)
CFDP 1018 Vassilis A. Hajivassiliou, Yannis M. Ioannides, "A Note on the Dual Approach to the Existence and Characterization of Optimal Consumption Decisions under Uncertainty and Liquidity Constraints," (May 1992) [24pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1017 Peter C. B. Phillips, Werner Ploberger, "Posterior Odds Testing for a Unit Root with Data-Based Model Selection," (May 1992) [35pp, Abstract] , (See: 878)
CFDP 1016 Donald W. K. Andrews, Inpyo Lee, Werner Ploberger, "Optimal Changepoint Tests for Normal Linear Regression," (April 1992) [32pp, Abstract] , (See: 925)
CFDP 1015 Donald W. K. Andrews, Werner Ploberger, "Optimal Tests When a Nuisance Parameter is Present Only under the Alternative," (April 1992) [62pp, Abstract] , (See: 879)
CFDP 1014 Martin Shubik, Shuntian Yao, "Transactions Loans, Intertemporal Loans, Variable Velocity, the Rates of Interest and Commodity Money: Part 1. Transactions Loans," (January 1992) [24pp, Abstract]
CFDP 1013 James Tobin, ")," (March 1992) [33pp, Abstract] , (See: 826)
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Home Reviews Review: ‘The Events’ by Theater Alliance at the Anacostia Playhouse
Review: ‘The Events’ by Theater Alliance at the Anacostia Playhouse
Beatrice Loayza
A wrenching agitation pervades the gray clouded confines of The Events, in which a diverse chorus group is slaughtered by a gunman. Claire (Regina Aquino), the church chorus leader, is the sole survivor, and her trauma in the aftermath of the “event” will be the lens through which audiences explore this violent tragedy.
Written by the renowned Irish dramatist David Grieg, “The Events” was first staged in 2013, and is brought for the first time to the District by the Anacostia-based company, Theater Alliance. Directed by Colin Hovde, The Events is a dream-like, restless production staged in a stark, minimalistic setting, except for an upright piano and a mess of bright yellow steel chairs.
Regina Aquino and Josh Adams in The Events, presented by Theater Alliance at the Anacostia Playhouse. Photo by C. Stanley Photography.
Like being dipped into a survivor’s dark memory banks, this non-linear play is structured in a way that juxtaposes Claire’s solemn, often desperate search for meaning with the communal warmth of a singing choir. These transitions can be jarring and beautiful, heightening Claire’s psychosis and her profound loss; they mirror quite effectively a troubled stream of consciousness that slips in and out of a morbid fixation on the perpetrator, and recalling ever so briefly but potently moments of hope and love.
There are times in this production, however, when this conceit falls off beat, particularly midway through when the chorus sings an on-the-nose rendition of “Crazy” by Gnarls Barkley, interrupted by mini-interviews between Claire and a journalist, a politician, a father, all played by the same actor as the gunman, or “the boy” (Josh Adams). A rapid-fire presentation of Claire’s search for an explanation, a checklist of all the people that might give her a reason why the boy committed this atrocity, ultimately loses some of its gusto with a clunky back and forth into a song that tonally feels off, despite the thematic parallels.
As the boy, Josh Adams delivers a stunning, and at times startlingly soft performance. The decision to have the same actor play these other significant roles in relation to Claire–her interview subjects, but also her partner, and her psychiatrist–is a brilliant way of making manifest Claire’s obsession, the power that the gunman wields over Claire’s state of mind, the type of impact one individual can have on those he damages. Aquino’s Claire starts out hesitantly–there are some odd stilted moments of strained happiness that might be artistic choices beholden to the subjective memory bent of this production–but the performance truly begins to impress midway as Claire crumbles into a frightening mental disarray.
Worth noting is the truly inspired lighting design by William D’Eugenio, who plays with spotlights to carve out bold exchanges and monologues against an empty backdrop, and creates ominous, powerful shadows that at times, offer a secondary performance equally compelling as the corporeal ones on stage.
The Events is an ambitious production that tackles questions of faith, good and evil, the roots of toxic masculinity, and all the ways in which suffering continues beyond the act of violence itself. Theater Alliance puts on a visually impressive production that will ravage audiences in the moment but leave them contemplative, sober, maybe even hopeful once the curtain drops.
Running Time: 90 minutes, with no intermission.
The Events, presented by Theater Alliance, plays through October 7, 2018, at the Anacostia Playhouse, 2020 Shannon Place SE, Washington, DC 20020. Purchase tickets at the box office, or go online.
Read John Stoltenberg’s Magic Time! column about The Events.
TodayTix Deal
Previous articleReview: “The Pianist of Willesden Lane” by Theater J
Next articleReview: ‘If I Forget’ at Studio Theatre
Beatrice Loayza is DC-based writer, translator, and theater and film reviewer. She is a graduate of the College of William & Mary where she received her B.A. in Literature and French with a concentration in contemporary European drama. Follow her on Twitter @beansproutbea and check out more of her work at beatrice-loayza.com.
Theaters honor Dr. King’s dream by acting on #WeSeeYouWAT demands
Why Trump has made Shakespeare matter more than ever in DC
Two rival sisters feud in intense and surreal Adrienne Kennedy drama
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Twitter for Scholarly Networking
Posted by Camille Villa on April 11th, 2016
The digital humanities community has gathered around many spaces, such as conferences (and unconferences), summer institutes, digital journals, and blogs. Twitter has evolved as a key space for digital humanists (and a variety of researchers from other fields) to discover peers at other institutions, share information, discuss, debate, and form communities of interest. This resource guide will discuss Twitter as a platform for individual scholars. For a discussion of how projects can navigate the landscape of social media, see “Social Media for Scholarly Projects.”
Basic Terminology
tweets: 140 character long messages that can consist of plain text, embedded images and video, geolocation, and links
mentions: tag a user and loop them into a conversation by mentioning them (@user)
retweet (RT): repost someone else’s tweet to your account. A retweet does not necessarily signal endorsement.
favorite: Favoriting a tweet is an affirmative action, usually equivalent to “liking” or endorsing a tweet. Note that all favorited tweets are publicly visible. A user’s favorite tweets can be found on www.twitter.com/user/favorites
lists: curate either public or private lists of users (e.g. Digital ___ at Berkeley)
hashtags: join your tweet to a larger discussion by adding the # symbol to keywords (see longer discussion below)
reply: join a linear discussion among a particular set of users
Tweetdeck: A Tool for Organizing and Exploring Twitter Asynchronously
In Twitter’s default setting, tweets from all people you follow appear in chronological order. This can quickly become overwhelming, as content gets rapidly pushed further down your queue. It also becomes easy to miss content from even a few hours ago.
Tweetedeck helps alleviate this by breaking your Twitter stream into several columns of your choosing. These columns can consist of one user’s tweets, a group of users, all tweets associated with a hashtag, and more.
Example of a Tweetdeck layout. Note how the “latest” tweet time varies from column to column (8 minutes, 1 hour, 5 hours, and 13 days) from left to right: (1) #bdhwg, the Berkeley DH Working Group hashtag (2) Digital ___ at Berkeley, a list curated by DH at Berkeley (3) #twitterstorians, a self-organizing Twitter group with no formal affiliations or hierarchy (4) #DHSI2015, a hashtag for announcements, questions, and comments related to the Digital Humanities Summer Institute at the University of Victoria.
Livetweeting & Using Twitter at Events
Many live events are enhanced by participants’ simultaneous use of Twitter, also known as livetweeting. Twitter-friendly events will often provide a hashtag (#AHA2015 #crowdcon) to help participants (both on-site and remote) find each other on Twitter. Some events incorporate tweets into the event either in parallel (displaying tweets on a screen behind a speaker) or asynchronously (collecting comments from Twitter and reviewing them at the end of an event). Here are some ideas for using Twitter at events:
Quote, paraphrase, or summarize speakers and activities during the conference. If you are new to Twitter, livetweeting an event is a great way to get started and perform a service for remote attendees.
Engage friends from other institutions or fields (“This sounds a lot like what @user works on! Thoughts?”)
Ask the speaker or conference organizers questions. These can be logistical (“Where will the post-event mixer be held?”) or thematic (“You’ve addressed these topics, but what about intersections with these topics?”).
Hold discussions with other on-site attendees, locate them at the event for further discussion, organize an unconference or temporary working group (useful at large conferences) (“Would really like to discuss electronic literature! Let’s have an unconference in the atrium”).
Hashtags are a dynamic, flexible way of describing and organizing content and communities on the web. Hashtags are key to organizing content on Twitter, but are can also be used to find related content on various social media channels (Facebook, Flickr, etc.). There are a variety of ways to explore hashtags on Twitter:
conference or event hashtags (#DHSI2015, #crowdcon)
communities of interest (#twitterstorians, #femtech)
regularly scheduled discussions, sometimes “moderated” but open to all (#slatalk #withaPhD)
critical discourse (#blacklivesmatter #notallmen #YesAllWomen)
current events (#gamergate)
local events (#berkeley)
However you use hashtags, it’s important to note that they are non-hierarchical, and open to all by virtue of Twitter’s technology. Using hashtags helps associate your tweets with a larger discussion and makes it easier for other users to find your content, jump into the discussion, or aggregate it for analysis (such as this visualization of the Twitter activity at the international 2014 DH conference).
There is no one way to use Twitter. How you decide to use Twitter will depend on your time constraints, where your communities of interest gather, and whether you would like to use Twitter in a one-directional (consumption) or two-directional way (discussion). Begin by looking up some names in your field or at your institution. Slowly build up a network by seeing who these users follow, retweet, or engage in discussion. Below are some resources for finding members of the DH community.
DHNow: a weekly aggregator of content in the DH community
DH at Berkeley’s Twitter account: @DHBerkeley
Digital ___ at Berkeley: a list of UC Berkeley affiliated Twitter users who engage in digital humanities, data science, digital librarianship, etc.
For information about Twitter (and other social media channels) for scholarly projects, and creating a communications plan, see this resource guide.
Day of DH 2015: explore regional and discipline groups during this international event for answering the digital humanities community
Bay Area DH Meetup
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Guidelines for Writing an IANA Considerations Section in RFCs
RFC 5226
From: draft-narten-iana-considerations-rfc2434bis-09
Obsoleted by: 8126 Best Current Practice
Errata exist
Network Working Group T. Narten
Request for Comments: 5226 IBM
BCP: 26 H. Alvestrand
Obsoletes: 2434 Google
Category: Best Current Practice May 2008
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Many protocols make use of identifiers consisting of constants and
other well-known values. Even after a protocol has been defined and
deployment has begun, new values may need to be assigned (e.g., for a
new option type in DHCP, or a new encryption or authentication
transform for IPsec). To ensure that such quantities have consistent
values and interpretations across all implementations, their
assignment must be administered by a central authority. For IETF
protocols, that role is provided by the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA).
In order for IANA to manage a given namespace prudently, it needs
guidelines describing the conditions under which new values can be
assigned or when modifications to existing values can be made. If
IANA is expected to play a role in the management of a namespace,
IANA must be given clear and concise instructions describing that
role. This document discusses issues that should be considered in
formulating a policy for assigning values to a namespace and provides
guidelines for authors on the specific text that must be included in
documents that place demands on IANA.
This document obsoletes RFC 2434.
Narten & Alvestrand Best Current Practice [Page 1]
RFC 5226 IANA Considerations Section in RFCs May 2008
1. Introduction ....................................................2
2. Why Management of a Namespace May Be Necessary ..................3
3. Designated Experts ..............................................4
3.1. The Motivation for Designated Experts ......................4
3.2. The Role of the Designated Expert ..........................5
3.3. Designated Expert Reviews ..................................7
4. Creating a Registry .............................................8
4.1. Well-Known IANA Policy Definitions .........................9
4.2. What to Put in Documents That Create a Registry ...........12
4.3. Updating IANA Guidelines for Existing Registries ..........15
5. Registering New Values in an Existing Registry .................15
5.1. What to Put in Documents When Registering Values ..........15
5.2. Updating Registrations ....................................17
5.3. Overriding Registration Procedures ........................17
6. Miscellaneous Issues ...........................................18
6.1. When There Are No IANA Actions ............................18
6.2. Namespaces Lacking Documented Guidance ....................19
6.3. After-the-Fact Registrations ..............................19
6.4. Reclaiming Assigned Values ................................19
7. Appeals ........................................................20
8. Mailing Lists ..................................................20
9. Security Considerations ........................................20
10. Changes Relative to RFC 2434 ..................................21
11. Acknowledgments ...............................................22
12. References ....................................................22
12.1. Normative References .....................................22
12.2. Informative References ...................................22
Many protocols make use of fields that contain constants and other
well-known values (e.g., the Protocol field in the IP header [IP] or
MIME media types [MIME-REG]). Even after a protocol has been defined
and deployment has begun, new values may need to be assigned (e.g., a
new option type in DHCP [DHCP-OPTIONS] or a new encryption or
authentication transform for IPsec [IPSEC]). To ensure that such
fields have consistent values and interpretations in different
implementations, their assignment must be administered by a central
authority. For IETF protocols, that role is provided by the Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) [IANA-MOU].
In this document, we call the set of possible values for such a field
a "namespace"; its actual value may be a text string, a number, or
another kind of value. The binding or association of a specific
value with a particular purpose within a namespace is called an
assigned number (or assigned value, or sometimes a "code point",
"protocol constant", or "protocol parameter"). Each assignment of a
value in a namespace is called a registration.
guidelines describing the conditions under which new values should be
assigned or when (and how) modifications to existing values can be
made. This document provides guidelines to authors on what sort of
text should be added to their documents in order to provide IANA
clear guidelines, and it reviews issues that should be considered in
formulating an appropriate policy for assigning numbers to name
spaces.
Not all namespaces require centralized administration. In some
cases, it is possible to delegate a namespace in such a way that
further assignments can be made independently and with no further
(central) coordination. In the Domain Name System, for example, IANA
only deals with assignments at the higher levels, while subdomains
are administered by the organization to which the space has been
delegated. As another example, Object Identifiers (OIDs) as defined
by the ITU are also delegated [ASSIGNED]; IANA manages the subtree
rooted at "iso.org.dod.internet" (1.3.6.1) . When a namespace is
delegated, the scope of IANA is limited to the parts of the namespace
where IANA has authority.
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [KEYWORDS].
For this document, "the specification" as used by RFC 2119 refers to
the processing of protocol documents within the IETF standards
2. Why Management of a Namespace May Be Necessary
One issue to consider in managing a namespace is its size. If the
space is small and limited in size, assignments must be made
carefully to prevent exhaustion of the space. If the space is
essentially unlimited, on the other hand, potential exhaustion will
probably not be a practical concern at all. Even when the space is
essentially unlimited, however, it is usually desirable to have at
least a minimal review prior to assignment in order to:
- prevent the hoarding of or unnecessary wasting of values. For
example, if the space consists of text strings, it may be
desirable to prevent entities from obtaining large sets of
strings that correspond to desirable names (e.g., existing
company names).
- provide a sanity check that the request actually makes sense and
is necessary. Experience has shown that some level of minimal
review from a subject matter expert is useful to prevent
assignments in cases where the request is malformed or not
actually needed (i.e., an existing assignment for an essentially
equivalent service already exists).
A second consideration is whether it makes sense to delegate the
namespace in some manner. This route should be pursued when
appropriate, as it lessens the burden on IANA for dealing with
A third, and perhaps most important, consideration concerns potential
impact on the interoperability of unreviewed extensions. Proposed
protocol extensions generally benefit from community review; indeed,
review is often essential to avoid future interoperability problems
[PROTOCOL-EXT].
When the namespace is essentially unlimited and there are no
potential interoperability issues, assigned numbers can safely be
given out to anyone without any subjective review. In such cases,
IANA can make assignments directly, provided that IANA is given
specific instructions on what types of requests it should grant, and
what information must be provided as part of a well-formed request
for an assigned number.
3. Designated Experts
3.1. The Motivation for Designated Experts
It should be noted that IANA does not create or define assignment
policy itself; rather, it carries out policies that have been defined
by others and published in RFCs. IANA must be given a set of
guidelines that allow it to make allocation decisions with minimal
subjectivity and without requiring any technical expertise with
respect to the protocols that make use of a registry.
In many cases, some review of prospective allocations is appropriate,
and the question becomes who should perform the review and what is
the purpose of the review. One might think that an IETF working
group (WG) familiar with the namespace at hand should be consulted.
In practice, however, WGs eventually disband, so they cannot be
considered a permanent evaluator. It is also possible for namespaces
to be created through individual submission documents, for which no
WG is ever formed.
One way to ensure community review of prospective assignments is to
have the requester submit a document for publication as an RFC. Such
an action helps ensure that the specification is publicly and
permanently available, and it allows some review of the specification
prior to publication and assignment of the requested code points.
This is the preferred way of ensuring review, and is particularly
important if any potential interoperability issues can arise. For
example, some assignments are not just assignments, but also involve
an element of protocol specification. A new option may define fields
that need to be parsed and acted on, which (if specified poorly) may
not fit cleanly with the architecture of other options or the base
protocols on which they are built.
In some cases, however, the burden of publishing an RFC in order to
get an assignment is excessive. However, it is generally still
useful (and sometimes necessary) to discuss proposed additions on a
mailing list dedicated to the purpose (e.g., the ietf-types@iana.org
for media types) or on a more general mailing list (e.g., that of a
current or former IETF WG). Such a mailing list provides a way for
new registrations to be publicly reviewed prior to getting assigned,
or gives advice to persons wanting help in understanding what a
proper registration should contain.
While discussion on a mailing list can provide valuable technical
feedback, opinions may vary and discussions may continue for some
time without clear resolution. In addition, IANA cannot participate
in all of these mailing lists and cannot determine if or when such
discussions reach consensus. Therefore, IANA relies on a "designated
expert" for advice regarding the specific question of whether an
assignment should be made. The designated expert is an individual
who is responsible for carrying out an appropriate evaluation and
returning a recommendation to IANA.
It should be noted that a key motivation for having designated
experts is for the IETF to provide IANA with a subject matter expert
to whom the evaluation process can be delegated. IANA forwards
requests for an assignment to the expert for evaluation, and the
expert (after performing the evaluation) informs IANA as to whether
or not to make the assignment or registration.
3.2. The Role of the Designated Expert
The designated expert is responsible for initiating and coordinating
the appropriate review of an assignment request. The review may be
wide or narrow, depending on the situation and the judgment of the
designated expert. This may involve consultation with a set of
technology experts, discussion on a public mailing list, consultation
with a working group (or its mailing list if the working group has
disbanded), etc. Ideally, the designated expert follows specific
review criteria as documented with the protocol that creates or uses
the namespace. (See the IANA Considerations sections of [RFC3748]
and [RFC3575] for examples that have been done for specific
namespaces.)
Designated experts are expected to be able to defend their decisions
to the IETF community, and the evaluation process is not intended to
be secretive or bestow unquestioned power on the expert. Experts are
expected to apply applicable documented review or vetting procedures,
or in the absence of documented criteria, follow generally accepted
norms, e.g., those in Section 3.3.
Section 5.2 discusses disputes and appeals in more detail.
Designated experts are appointed by the IESG (normally upon
recommendation by the relevant Area Director). They are typically
named at the time a document creating or updating a namespace is
approved by the IESG, but as experts originally appointed may later
become unavailable, the IESG will appoint replacements if necessary.
For some registries, it has proven useful to have multiple designated
experts. Sometimes those experts work together in evaluating a
request, while in other cases additional experts serve as backups.
In cases of disagreement among those experts, it is the
responsibility of those experts to make a single clear recommendation
to IANA. It is not appropriate for IANA to resolve disputes among
experts. In extreme situations (e.g., deadlock), the IESG may need
to step in to resolve the problem.
In registries where a pool of experts evaluates requests, the pool
should have a single chair responsible for defining how requests are
to be assigned to and reviewed by experts. In some cases, the expert
pool may consist of a primary and backups, with the backups involved
only when the primary expert is unavailable. In other cases, IANA
might assign requests to individual members in sequential or
approximate random order. In the event that IANA finds itself having
received conflicting advice from its experts, it is the
responsibility of the pool's chair to resolve the issue and provide
IANA with clear instructions.
Since the designated experts are appointed by the IESG, they may be
removed by the IESG.
3.3. Designated Expert Reviews
In the eight years since RFC 2434 was published and has been put to
use, experience has led to the following observations:
- A designated expert must respond in a timely fashion, normally
within a week for simple requests to a few weeks for more
complex ones. Unreasonable delays can cause significant
problems for those needing assignments, such as when products
need code points to ship. This is not to say that all reviews
can be completed under a firm deadline, but they must be
started, and the requester and IANA should have some
transparency into the process if an answer cannot be given
- If a designated expert does not respond to IANA's requests
within a reasonable period of time, either with a response or
with a reasonable explanation for the delay (e.g., some requests
may be particularly complex), and if this is a recurring event,
IANA must raise the issue with the IESG. Because of the
problems caused by delayed evaluations and assignments, the IESG
should take appropriate actions to ensure that the expert
understands and accepts his or her responsibilities, or appoint
a new expert.
- The designated expert is not required to personally bear the
burden of evaluating and deciding all requests, but acts as a
shepherd for the request, enlisting the help of others as
appropriate. In the case that a request is denied, and
rejecting the request is likely to be controversial, the expert
should have the support of other subject matter experts. That
is, the expert must be able to defend a decision to the
community as a whole.
In the case where a designated expert is used, but there are no
specific documented criteria for performing an evaluation, the
presumption should be that a code point should be granted, unless
there is a compelling reason to the contrary. Possible reasons to
deny a request include:
- scarcity of code points, where the finite remaining code points
should be prudently managed, or when a request for a large
number of code points is made, when a single code point is the
- documentation is not of sufficient clarity to evaluate or ensure
- the code point is needed for a protocol extension, but the
extension is not consistent with the documented (or generally
understood) architecture of the base protocol being extended,
and would be harmful to the protocol if widely deployed. It is
not the intent that "inconsistencies" refer to minor differences
"of a personal preference nature". Instead, they refer to
significant differences such as inconsistencies with the
underlying security model, implying a change to the semantics of
an existing message type or operation, requiring unwarranted
changes in deployed systems (compared with alternate ways of
achieving a similar result), etc.
- the extension would cause problems with existing deployed
systems.
- the extension would conflict with one under active development
by the IETF, and having both would harm rather than foster
4. Creating a Registry
Creating a registry involves describing the namespaces to be created,
an initial set of assignments (if appropriate), and guidelines on how
future assignments are to be made.
Once a registry has been created, IANA records assignments that have
been made. The following labels describe the status of an individual
(or range) of assignments:
Private Use: Private use only (not assigned), as described in
Experimental: Available for experimental use as described in
[EXPERIMENTATION]. IANA does not record specific
assignments for any particular use.
Unassigned: Unused and available for assignment via documented
Reserved: Not to be assigned. Reserved values are held for
special uses, such as to extend the namespace when it become
exhausted. Reserved values are not available for general
4.1. Well-Known IANA Policy Definitions
The following are some defined policies, some of which are in use
today. These cover a range of typical policies that have been used
to date to describe the procedure for assigning new values in a
namespace. It is not required that documents use these terms; the
actual requirement is that the instructions to IANA are clear and
unambiguous. However, use of these terms is RECOMMENDED where
possible, since their meaning is widely understood.
Private Use - For private or local use only, with the type and
purpose defined by the local site. No attempt is made to
prevent multiple sites from using the same value in
different (and incompatible) ways. There is no need for
IANA to review such assignments (since IANA does not record
them) and assignments are not generally useful for broad
interoperability. It is the responsibility of the sites
making use of the Private Use range to ensure that no
conflicts occur (within the intended scope of use).
Examples: Site-specific options in DHCP [DHCP-IANA], Fibre
Channel Port Type Registry [RFC4044], Exchange Types in the
IKEv2 header [RFC4306].
Experimental Use - Similar to private or local use only, with the
purpose being to facilitate experimentation. See
[EXPERIMENTATION] for details.
Example: Experimental Values in IPv4, IPv6, ICMPv4, ICMPv6,
UDP, and TCP Headers [RFC4727].
Hierarchical Allocation - Delegated managers can assign values
provided they have been given control over that part of the
namespace. IANA controls the higher levels of the namespace
according to one of the other policies.
Examples: DNS names, Object Identifiers, IP addresses.
First Come First Served - Assignments are made to anyone on a
first come, first served basis. There is no substantive
review of the request, other than to ensure that it is
well-formed and doesn't duplicate an existing assignment.
However, requests must include a minimal amount of clerical
information, such as a point of contact (including an email
address) and a brief description of how the value will be
used. Additional information specific to the type of value
requested may also need to be provided, as defined by the
namespace. For numbers, the exact value is generally
assigned by IANA; with names, specific text strings can
usually be requested.
Examples: SASL mechanism names [RFC4422], LDAP Protocol
Mechanisms, and LDAP Syntax [RFC4520].
Expert Review (or Designated Expert) - approval by a Designated
Expert is required. The required documentation and review
criteria for use by the Designated Expert should be provided
when defining the registry. For example, see Sections 6 and
7.2 in [RFC3748].
Examples: EAP Method Types [RFC3748], HTTP Digest AKA
algorithm versions [RFC4169], URI schemes [RFC4395], GEOPRIV
Location Types [RFC4589].
Specification Required - Values and their meanings must be
documented in a permanent and readily available public
specification, in sufficient detail so that interoperability
between independent implementations is possible. When used,
Specification Required also implies use of a Designated
Expert, who will review the public specification and
evaluate whether it is sufficiently clear to allow
interoperable implementations. The intention behind
"permanent and readily available" is that a document can
reasonably be expected to be findable and retrievable long
after IANA assignment of the requested value. Publication
of an RFC is an ideal means of achieving this requirement,
but Specification Required is intended to also cover the
case of a document published outside of the RFC path. For
RFC publication, the normal RFC review process is expected
to provide the necessary review for interoperability, though
the Designated Expert may be a particularly well-qualified
person to perform such a review.
Examples: Diffserv-aware TE Bandwidth Constraints Model
Identifiers [RFC4124], TLS ClientCertificateType Identifiers
[RFC4346], ROHC Profile Identifiers [RFC4995].
RFC Required - RFC publication (either as an IETF submission or as
an RFC Editor Independent submission [RFC3932]) suffices.
Unless otherwise specified, any type of RFC is sufficient
(e.g., Informational, Experimental, Standards Track, etc.).
Narten & Alvestrand Best Current Practice [Page 10]
IETF Review - (Formerly called "IETF Consensus" in
[IANA-CONSIDERATIONS]) New values are assigned only through
RFCs that have been shepherded through the IESG as AD-
Sponsored or IETF WG Documents [RFC3932] [RFC3978]. The
intention is that the document and proposed assignment will
be reviewed by the IESG and appropriate IETF WGs (or
experts, if suitable working groups no longer exist) to
ensure that the proposed assignment will not negatively
impact interoperability or otherwise extend IETF protocols
in an inappropriate or damaging manner.
To ensure adequate community review, such documents are
shepherded through the IESG as AD-sponsored (or WG)
documents with an IETF Last Call.
Examples: IPSECKEY Algorithm Types [RFC4025],
Accounting-Auth-Method AVP values in DIAMETER [RFC4005], TLS
Handshake Hello Extensions [RFC4366].
Standards Action - Values are assigned only for Standards Track
RFCs approved by the IESG.
Examples: BGP message types [RFC4271], Mobile Node
Identifier option types [RFC4283], DCCP Packet Types
[RFC4340].
IESG Approval - New assignments may be approved by the IESG.
Although there is no requirement that the request be
documented in an RFC, the IESG has discretion to request
documents or other supporting materials on a case-by-case
IESG Approval is not intended to be used often or as a
"common case"; indeed, it has seldom been used in practice
during the period RFC 2434 was in effect. Rather, it is
intended to be available in conjunction with other policies
as a fall-back mechanism in the case where one of the other
allowable approval mechanisms cannot be employed in a timely
fashion or for some other compelling reason. IESG Approval
is not intended to circumvent the public review processes
implied by other policies that could have been employed for
a particular assignment. IESG Approval would be
appropriate, however, in cases where expediency is desired
and there is strong consensus for making the assignment
(e.g., WG consensus).
The following guidelines are suggested for any evaluation
under IESG Approval:
- The IESG can (and should) reject a request if another path
for registration is available that is more appropriate and
there is no compelling reason to use that path.
- Before approving a request, the community should be
consulted, via a "call for comments" that provides as much
information as is reasonably possible about the request.
Examples: IPv4 Multicast address assignments [RFC3171], IPv4
IGMP Type and Code values [RFC3228], Mobile IPv6 Mobility
Header Type and Option values [RFC3775].
It should be noted that it often makes sense to partition a namespace
into multiple categories, with assignments within each category
handled differently. For example, many protocols now partition
namespaces into two (or even more) parts, where one range is reserved
for Private or Experimental Use, while other ranges are reserved for
globally unique assignments assigned following some review process.
Dividing a namespace into ranges makes it possible to have different
policies in place for different ranges.
Examples: LDAP [RFC4520], Pseudowire Edge to Edge Emulation (PWE3)
4.2. What to Put in Documents That Create a Registry
The previous sections presented some issues that should be considered
in formulating a policy for assigning values in namespaces. It is
the working group and/or document author's job to formulate an
appropriate policy and specify it in the appropriate document. In
almost all cases, having an explicit "IANA Considerations" section is
appropriate. The following and later sections define what is needed
for the different types of IANA actions.
Documents that create a new namespace (or modify the definition of an
existing space) and that expect IANA to play a role in maintaining
that space (e.g., serving as a repository for registered values) MUST
provide clear instructions on details of the namespace. In
particular, instructions MUST include:
1) The name of the registry (or sub-registry) being created and/or
maintained. The name will appear on the IANA web page and will
be referred to in future documents that need to allocate a
value from the new space. The full name (and abbreviation, if
appropriate) should be provided. It is highly desirable that
the chosen name not be easily confusable with the name of
another registry. When creating a sub-registry, the registry
that it is a part of should be clearly identified. When
referring to an already existing registry, providing a URL to
precisely identify the registry is helpful. All such URLs,
however, will be removed from the RFC prior to final
publication. For example, documents could contain: [TO BE
REMOVED: This registration should take place at the following
location: http://www.iana.org/assignments/foobar-registry]
2) What information must be provided as part of a request in order
to assign a new value. This information may include the need
to document relevant security considerations, if any.
3) The review process that will apply to all future requests for a
value from the namespace.
Note: When a Designated Expert is used, documents MUST NOT name
the Designated Expert in the document itself; instead, the name
should be relayed to the appropriate Area Director at the time
the document is sent to the IESG for approval.
If the request should also be reviewed on a specific public
mailing list (such as the ietf-types@iana.org for media types),
that mailing address should be specified. Note, however, that
when mailing lists are specified, the requirement for a
Designated Expert MUST also be specified (see Section 3).
If IANA is expected to make assignments without requiring an
outside review, sufficient guidance MUST be provided so that
the requests can be evaluated with minimal subjectivity.
4) The size, format, and syntax of registry entries. When
creating a new name/number space, authors must describe any
technical requirements on registry (and sub-registry) values
(e.g., valid ranges for integers, length limitations on
strings, etc.) as well as the exact format in which registry
values should be displayed. For number assignments, one should
specify whether values are to be recorded in decimal,
hexadecimal, or some other format. For strings, the encoding
format should be specified (e.g., ASCII, UTF8, etc.). Authors
should also clearly specify what fields to record in the
registry.
5) Initial assignments and reservations. Clear instructions
should be provided to identify any initial assignments or
registrations. In addition, any ranges that are to be reserved
for "Private Use", "Reserved", "Unassigned", etc. should be
clearly indicated.
When specifying the process for making future assignments, it is
quite acceptable to pick one (or more) of the example policies listed
in Section 4.1 and refer to it by name. Indeed, this is the
preferred mechanism in those cases where the sample policies provide
the desired level of review. It is also acceptable to cite one of
the above policies and include additional guidelines for what kind of
considerations should be taken into account by the review process.
For example, RADIUS [RFC3575] specifies the use of a Designated
Expert, but includes specific additional criteria the Designated
Expert should follow.
For example, a document could say something like:
This document defines a new DHCP option, entitled "FooBar" (see
Section y), assigned a value of TBD1 from the DHCP Option space
[to be removed upon publication:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters]
[DHCP-OPTIONS] [DHCP-IANA]:
Tag Name Length Meaning
---- ---- ------ -------
TBD1 FooBar N FooBar server
The FooBar option also defines an 8-bit FooType field, for which
IANA is to create and maintain a new sub-registry entitled
"FooType values" under the FooBar option. Initial values for the
DHCP FooBar FooType registry are given below; future assignments
are to be made through Expert Review [IANA-CONSIDERATIONS].
Assignments consist of a DHCP FooBar FooType name and its
associated value.
Value DHCP FooBar FooType Name Definition
---- ------------------------ ----------
0 Reserved
1 Frobnitz See Section y.1
2 NitzFrob See Section y.2
3-254 Unassigned
255 Reserved
For examples of documents that provide detailed guidance to IANA
on the issue of assigning numbers, consult [RFC2929], [RFC3575],
[RFC3968], and [RFC4520].
4.3. Updating IANA Guidelines for Existing Registries
Updating the registration process for an already existing (i.e.,
previously created) namespace (whether created explicitly or
implicitly) follows a process similar to that used when creating a
new namespace. That is, a document is produced that makes reference
to the existing namespace and then provides detailed guidelines for
handling assignments in each individual namespace. Such documents
are normally processed as Best Current Practices (BCPs)
[IETF-PROCESS].
Example documents that updated the guidelines for managing (then)
pre-existing registries include: [RFC2929], [RFC3228], and [RFC3575].
5. Registering New Values in an Existing Registry
5.1. What to Put in Documents When Registering Values
Often, documents request an assignment from an already existing
namespace (i.e., one created by a previously published RFC). In such
- Documents should clearly identify the namespace in which each
value is to be registered. If the registration goes into a
sub-registry, the author should clearly describe where the
assignment or registration should go. It is helpful to use the
exact namespace name as listed on the IANA web page (and
defining RFC), and cite the RFC where the namespace is defined.
Note 1: There is no need to mention what the assignment policy
for new assignments is, as that should be clear from the
references.
Note 2: When referring to an existing registry, providing a URL
to precisely identify the registry is helpful. Such URLs,
however, should usually be removed from the RFC prior to final
publication, since IANA URLs are not guaranteed to be stable in
the future. In cases where it is important to include a URL in
the document, IANA should concur on its inclusion.
As an example, documents could contain: [TO BE REMOVED: This
registration should take place at the following location:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/foobar-registry]
- Each value requested should be given a unique reference. When
the value is numeric, use the notation: TBD1, TBD2, etc.
Throughout the document where an actual IANA-assigned value
should be filled in, use the "TBDx" notation. This helps ensure
that the final RFC has the correct assigned values inserted in
all of the relevant places where the value is expected to appear
in the final document. For values that are text strings, a
specific name can be suggested. IANA will normally assign the
name, unless it conflicts with a name already in use.
- Normally, the values to be used are chosen by IANA and documents
should specify values of "TBD". However, in some cases, a value
may have been used for testing or in early implementations. In
such cases, it is acceptable to include text suggesting what
specific value should be used (together with the reason for the
choice). For example, one might include the text "the value XXX
is suggested as it is used in implementations". However, it
should be noted that suggested values are just that; IANA will
attempt to assign them, but may find that impossible, if the
proposed number has already been assigned for some other use.
For some registries, IANA has a long-standing policy prohibiting
assignment of names or codes on a vanity or organization name
basis, e.g., codes are always assigned sequentially unless there
is a strong reason for making an exception. Nothing in this
document is intended to change those policies or prevent their
future application.
- The IANA Considerations section should summarize all of the IANA
actions, with pointers to the relevant sections elsewhere in the
document as appropriate. When multiple values are requested, it
is generally helpful to include a summary table. It is also
helpful for this table to be in the same format as it should
appear on the IANA web site. For example:
Value Description Reference
-------- ------------------- ---------
TBD1 Foobar [RFCXXXX]
Note: In cases where authors feel that including the full table is
too verbose or repetitive, authors should still include the table,
but may include a note asking that the table be removed prior to
publication of the final RFC.
As an example, the following text could be used to request assignment
of a DHCPv6 option number:
IANA has assigned an option code value of TBD1 to the DNS
Recursive Name Server option and an option code value of TBD2 to
the Domain Search List option from the DHCP option code space
defined in Section 24.3 of RFC 3315.
5.2. Updating Registrations
Registrations are a request to assign a new value, including the
related information needed to evaluate and document the request.
Even after a number has been assigned, some types of registrations
contain additional information that may need to be updated over time.
For example, MIME media types, character sets, and language tags,
etc. typically include more information than just the registered
value itself. Example information can include point-of-contact
information, security issues, pointers to updates, literature
references, etc. In such cases, the document defining the namespace
must clearly state who is responsible for maintaining and updating a
registration. In different cases, it may be appropriate to specify
one or more of the following:
- Let the author update the registration, subject to the same
constraints and review as with new registrations.
- Allow some mechanism to attach comments to the registration, for
cases where others have significant objections to claims in a
registration, but the author does not agree to change the
- Designate the IESG, a Designated Expert, or another entity as
having the right to change the registrant associated with a
registration and any requirements or conditions on doing so.
This is mainly to get around the problem when a registrant
cannot be reached in order to make necessary updates.
5.3. Overriding Registration Procedures
Since RFC 2434 was published, experience has shown that the
documented IANA considerations for individual protocols do not always
adequately cover the reality after the protocol is deployed. For
example, many older routing protocols do not have documented,
detailed IANA considerations. In addition, documented IANA
considerations are sometimes found to be too stringent to allow even
working group documents (for which there is strong consensus) to
obtain code points from IANA in advance of actual RFC publication.
In other cases, the documented procedures are unclear or neglected to
cover all the cases. In order to allow assignments in individual
cases where there is strong IETF consensus that an allocation should
go forward, but the documented procedures do not support such an
assignment, the IESG is granted authority to approve assignments in
such cases. The intention is not to overrule properly documented
procedures, or to obviate the need for protocols to properly document
their IANA considerations. Instead, the intention is to permit
assignments in individual cases where it is obvious that the
assignment should just be made, but updating the IANA process just to
assign a particular code point is viewed as too heavy a burden.
In general, the IETF would like to see deficient IANA registration
procedures for a namespace revised through the IETF standards
process, but not at the cost of unreasonable delay for needed
assignments. If the IESG has had to take the action in this section,
it is a strong indicator that the IANA registration procedures should
be updated, possibly in parallel with ongoing protocol work.
6. Miscellaneous Issues
6.1. When There Are No IANA Actions
Before an Internet-Draft can be published as an RFC, IANA needs to
know what actions (if any) it needs to perform. Experience has shown
that it is not always immediately obvious whether a document has no
IANA actions, without reviewing the document in some detail. In
order to make it clear to IANA that it has no actions to perform (and
that the author has consciously made such a determination), such
documents should include an IANA Considerations section that states:
This document has no IANA actions.
This statement, or an equivalent, must only be inserted after the WG
or individual submitter has carefully verified it to be true. Using
such wording as a matter of "boilerplate" or without careful
consideration can lead to incomplete or incorrect IANA actions being
performed.
If a specification makes use of values from a namespace that is not
managed by IANA, it may be useful to note this fact, e.g., with
wording such as:
The values of the Foobar parameter are assigned by the Barfoo
registry on behalf of the Rabfoo Forum. Therefore, this document
has no IANA actions.
In some cases, the absence of IANA-assigned values may be considered
valuable information for future readers; in other cases, it may be
considered of no value once the document has been approved, and may
be removed before archival publication. This choice should be made
clear in the draft, for example, by including a sentence such as
[RFC Editor: please remove this section prior to publication.]
[RFC Editor: please do not remove this section.]
6.2. Namespaces Lacking Documented Guidance
For all existing RFCs that either explicitly or implicitly rely on
IANA to evaluate assignments without specifying a precise evaluation
policy, IANA (in consultation with the IESG) will continue to decide
what policy is appropriate. Changes to existing policies can always
be initiated through the normal IETF consensus process.
All future RFCs that either explicitly or implicitly rely on IANA to
register or otherwise manage namespace assignments MUST provide
guidelines for managing the namespace.
6.3. After-the-Fact Registrations
Occasionally, IANA becomes aware that an unassigned value from a
managed namespace is in use on the Internet or that an assigned value
is being used for a different purpose than originally registered.
IANA will not condone such misuse; i.e., procedures of the type
described in this document MUST be applied to such cases. In the
absence of specifications to the contrary, values may only be
reassigned for a different purpose with the consent of the original
assignee (when possible) and with due consideration of the impact of
such a reassignment. In cases of likely controversy, consultation
with the IESG is advised.
6.4. Reclaiming Assigned Values
Reclaiming previously assigned values for reuse is tricky, because
doing so can lead to interoperability problems with deployed systems
still using the assigned values. Moreover, it can be extremely
difficult to determine the extent of deployment of systems making use
of a particular value. However, in cases where the namespace is
running out of unassigned values and additional ones are needed, it
may be desirable to attempt to reclaim unused values. When
reclaiming unused values, the following (at a minimum) should be
considered:
- Attempts should be made to contact the original party to which a
value is assigned, to determine if the value was ever used, and
if so, the extent of deployment. (In some cases, products were
never shipped or have long ceased being used. In other cases,
it may be known that a value was never actually used at all.)
- Reassignments should not normally be made without the
concurrence of the original requester. Reclamation under such
conditions should only take place where there is strong evidence
that a value is not widely used, and the need to reclaim the
value outweighs the cost of a hostile reclamation. In any case,
IESG Approval is needed in this case.
- It may be appropriate to write up the proposed action and
solicit comments from relevant user communities. In some cases,
it may be appropriate to write an RFC that goes through a formal
IETF process (including IETF Last Call) as was done when DHCP
reclaimed some of its "Private Use" options [RFC3942].
7. Appeals
Appeals of registration decisions made by IANA can be made using the
normal IETF appeals process as described in Section 6.5 of
[IETF-PROCESS]. Specifically, appeals should be directed to the
IESG, followed (if necessary) by an appeal to the IAB, etc.
8. Mailing Lists
All IETF mailing lists associated with evaluating or discussing
assignment requests as described in this document are subject to
whatever rules of conduct and methods of list management are
currently defined by Best Current Practices or by IESG decision.
Information that creates or updates a registration needs to be
authenticated and authorized. IANA updates registries according to
instructions in published RFCs and from the IESG. It also may accept
clarifications from document authors, relevant WG chairs, Designated
Experts, and mail list participants, too.
Information concerning possible security vulnerabilities of a
protocol may change over time. Likewise, security vulnerabilities
related to how an assigned number is used (e.g., if it identifies a
protocol) may change as well. As new vulnerabilities are discovered,
information about such vulnerabilities may need to be attached to
existing registrations, so that users are not misled as to the true
security issues surrounding the use of a registered number.
An analysis of security issues is generally required for all
protocols that make use of parameters (data types, operation codes,
keywords, etc.) used in IETF protocols or registered by IANA. Such
security considerations are usually included in the protocol document
[RFC3552]. It is the responsibility of the IANA considerations
associated with a particular registry to specify what (if any)
security considerations must be provided when assigning new values,
and the process for reviewing such claims.
10. Changes Relative to RFC 2434
Changes include:
- Major reordering of text to expand descriptions and to better
group topics such as "updating registries" vs. "creating new
registries", in order to make it easier for authors to find the
text most applicable to their needs.
- Numerous editorial changes to improve readability.
- Changed the term "IETF Consensus" to "IETF Review" and added
more clarifications. History has shown that people see the
words "IETF Consensus" (without consulting the actual
definition) and are quick to make incorrect assumptions about
what the term means in the context of IANA Considerations.
- Added "RFC Required" to list of defined policies.
- Much more explicit directions and examples of "what to put in
RFCs".
- "Specification Required" now implies use of a Designated Expert
to evaluate specs for sufficient clarity.
- Significantly changed the wording in Section 3. Main purpose is
to make clear that Expert Reviewers are accountable to the
community, and to provide some guidance for review criteria in
the default case.
- Changed wording to remove any special appeals path. The normal
RFC 2026 appeals path is used.
- Added a section about reclaiming unused value.
- Added a section on after-the-fact registrations.
- Added a section indicating that mailing lists used to evaluate
possible assignments (e.g., by a Designated Expert) are subject
to normal IETF rules.
11. Acknowledgments
This document has benefited from specific feedback from Jari Arkko,
Marcelo Bagnulo Braun, Brian Carpenter, Michelle Cotton, Spencer
Dawkins, Barbara Denny, Miguel Garcia, Paul Hoffman, Russ Housley,
John Klensin, Allison Mankin, Blake Ramsdell, Mark Townsley, Magnus
Westerlund, and Bert Wijnen.
The original acknowledgments section in RFC 2434 was:
Jon Postel and Joyce Reynolds provided a detailed explanation on what
IANA needs in order to manage assignments efficiently, and patiently
provided comments on multiple versions of this document. Brian
Carpenter provided helpful comments on earlier versions of the
document. One paragraph in the Security Considerations section was
borrowed from [MIME-REG].
12. References
12.1. Normative References
[KEYWORDS] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to
Indicate Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119,
March 1997.
12.2. Informative References
[ASSIGNED] Reynolds, J., Ed., "Assigned Numbers: RFC 1700
is Replaced by an On-line Database", RFC 3232,
[DHCP-OPTIONS] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and
BOOTP Vendor Extensions", RFC 2132, March 1997.
[DHCP-IANA] Droms, R., "Procedures and IANA Guidelines for
Definition of New DHCP Options and Message
Types", BCP 43, RFC 2939, September 2000.
[EXPERIMENTATION] Narten, T., "Assigning Experimental and Testing
Numbers Considered Useful", BCP 82, RFC 3692,
[IANA-CONSIDERATIONS] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for
Writing an IANA Considerations Section in
RFCs", BCP 26, RFC 2434, October 1998.
[IANA-MOU] Carpenter, B., Baker, F., and M. Roberts,
"Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the
Technical Work of the Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority", RFC 2860, June 2000.
[IETF-PROCESS] Bradner, S., "The Internet Standards Process --
Revision 3", BCP 9, RFC 2026, October 1996.
[IP] Postel, J., "Internet Protocol", STD 5, RFC
791, September 1981.
[IPSEC] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for
the Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December
[MIME-REG] Freed, N. and J. Klensin, "Media Type
Specifications and Registration Procedures",
BCP 13, RFC 4288, December 2005.
[PROTOCOL-EXT] Carpenter, B. and B. Aboba, "Design
Considerations for Protocol Extensions", Work
in Progress, December 2007.
[RFC2929] Eastlake 3rd, D., Brunner-Williams, E., and B.
Manning, "Domain Name System (DNS) IANA
Considerations", BCP 42, RFC 2929, September
[RFC3171] Albanna, Z., Almeroth, K., Meyer, D., and M.
Schipper, "IANA Guidelines for IPv4 Multicast
Address Assignments", BCP 51, RFC 3171, August
[RFC3228] Fenner, B., "IANA Considerations for IPv4
Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)", BCP
57, RFC 3228, February 2002.
[RFC3552] Rescorla, E. and B. Korver, "Guidelines for
Writing RFC Text on Security Considerations",
BCP 72, RFC 3552, July 2003.
[RFC3575] Aboba, B., "IANA Considerations for RADIUS
(Remote Authentication Dial In User Service)",
RFC 3575, July 2003.
[RFC3748] Aboba, B., Blunk, L., Vollbrecht, J., Carlson,
J., and H. Levkowetz, Ed., "Extensible
Authentication Protocol (EAP)", RFC 3748, June
[RFC3775] Johnson, D., Perkins, C., and J. Arkko,
"Mobility Support in IPv6", RFC 3775, June
[RFC3932] Alvestrand, H., "The IESG and RFC Editor
Documents: Procedures", BCP 92, RFC 3932,
[RFC3942] Volz, B., "Reclassifying Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol version 4 (DHCPv4)
Options", RFC 3942, November 2004.
[RFC3968] Camarillo, G., "The Internet Assigned Number
Authority (IANA) Header Field Parameter
Registry for the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)", BCP 98, RFC 3968, December 2004.
[RFC3978] Bradner, S., Ed., "IETF Rights in
Contributions", BCP 78, RFC 3978, March 2005.
[RFC4005] Calhoun, P., Zorn, G., Spence, D., and D.
Mitton, "Diameter Network Access Server
Application", RFC 4005, August 2005.
[RFC4025] Richardson, M., "A Method for Storing IPsec
Keying Material in DNS", RFC 4025, March 2005.
[RFC4044] McCloghrie, K., "Fibre Channel Management MIB",
RFC 4044, May 2005.
[RFC4124] Le Faucheur, F., Ed., "Protocol Extensions for
Support of Diffserv-aware MPLS Traffic
Engineering", RFC 4124, June 2005.
[RFC4169] Torvinen, V., Arkko, J., and M. Naslund,
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Digest
Authentication Using Authentication and Key
Agreement (AKA) Version-2", RFC 4169, November
[RFC4271] Rekhter, Y., Ed., Li, T., Ed., and S. Hares,
Ed., "A Border Gateway Protocol 4 (BGP-4)", RFC
[RFC4283] Patel, A., Leung, K., Khalil, M., Akhtar, H.,
and K. Chowdhury, "Mobile Node Identifier
Option for Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)", RFC 4283,
[RFC4306] Kaufman, C., Ed., "Internet Key Exchange
(IKEv2) Protocol", RFC 4306, December 2005.
[RFC4340] Kohler, E., Handley, M., and S. Floyd,
"Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP)",
RFC 4340, March 2006.
[RFC4346] Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport
Layer Security (TLS) Protocol Version 1.1", RFC
4346, April 2006.
[RFC4366] Blake-Wilson, S., Nystrom, M., Hopwood, D.,
Mikkelsen, J., and T. Wright, "Transport Layer
Security (TLS) Extensions", RFC 4366, April
[RFC4395] Hansen, T., Hardie, T., and L. Masinter,
"Guidelines and Registration Procedures for New
URI Schemes", BCP 115, RFC 4395, February 2006.
[RFC4422] Melnikov, A., Ed., and K. Zeilenga, Ed.,
"Simple Authentication and Security Layer
(SASL)", RFC 4422, June 2006.
[RFC4446] Martini, L., "IANA Allocations for Pseudowire
Edge to Edge Emulation (PWE3)", BCP 116, RFC
[RFC4520] Zeilenga, K., "Internet Assigned Numbers
Authority (IANA) Considerations for the
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)",
BCP 64, RFC 4520, June 2006.
[RFC4589] Schulzrinne, H. and H. Tschofenig, "Location
Types Registry", RFC 4589, July 2006.
[RFC4727] Fenner, B., "Experimental Values In IPv4, IPv6,
ICMPv4, ICMPv6, UDP, and TCP Headers", RFC
4727, November 2006.
[RFC4995] Jonsson, L-E., Pelletier, G., and K. Sandlund,
"The RObust Header Compression (ROHC)
Framework", RFC 4995, July 2007.
Thomas Narten
3039 Cornwallis Ave.
PO Box 12195 - BRQA/502
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2195
EMail: narten@us.ibm.com
Harald Tveit Alvestrand
Beddingen 10
Trondheim, 7014
EMail: Harald@Alvestrand.no
Full Copyright Statement
Copyright (C) The IETF Trust (2008).
This document is subject to the rights, licenses and restrictions
contained in BCP 78, and except as set forth therein, the authors
retain all their rights.
This document and the information contained herein are provided on an
"AS IS" basis and THE CONTRIBUTOR, THE ORGANIZATION HE/SHE REPRESENTS
OR IS SPONSORED BY (IF ANY), THE INTERNET SOCIETY, THE IETF TRUST AND
THE INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS
OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF
THE INFORMATION HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
The IETF takes no position regarding the validity or scope of any
Intellectual Property Rights or other rights that might be claimed to
pertain to the implementation or use of the technology described in
this document or the extent to which any license under such rights
might or might not be available; nor does it represent that it has
made any independent effort to identify any such rights. Information
on the procedures with respect to rights in RFC documents can be
found in BCP 78 and BCP 79.
Copies of IPR disclosures made to the IETF Secretariat and any
assurances of licenses to be made available, or the result of an
attempt made to obtain a general license or permission for the use of
such proprietary rights by implementers or users of this
specification can be obtained from the IETF on-line IPR repository at
http://www.ietf.org/ipr.
The IETF invites any interested party to bring to its attention any
copyrights, patents or patent applications, or other proprietary
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this standard. Please address the information to the IETF at
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The game is a little bit too easy for my taste, but Cut the Rope: Time Travel is still the perfect follow-up to Cut the Rope and Cut the Rope:...
April 27, 2013 (Updated: June 05, 2014)
Patrick Member
Always great reviews
Patrick is an expert, all his reviews are very informative.
I was never really a big Star Trek fan, I really enjoyed watching this movie. You need no previous knowlage of Star Trek to enjoy this movie. JJ Abrams does...
Fun and addicting game
Angry Birds' gameplay is incredibly easy to understand, and the visual payoff for blowing stuff up is consistently impressive. With almost 100 levels spread across a multiple levels and objectives...
Veritas Restaurant
Not very diverse
The food is good. However, the menu feels small, and not very diverse (I hope you like meat). It also feels quite overpriced. The service was very good....
Great storytelling and one the most interesting movies of 2012. I think the directors did a fantastic job of weaving these stories together, as well as capturing and sustaining interest...
Powerful editor!
Sublime Text 2 is a hugely powerful editor, but it has a far gentler learning curve than hardcore text editors like Vim and Emacs. I love that every toolbar, mouse...
HTC Inspire 4G Android Phone
I switched to this phone from the Samsung Captivate, which I was very happy with. Even though I have had the Inspire for less than a full day, I am...
The game is different enough from the prior versions to be interesting to play. It is also similiar in play to the prior versions that you can play the game...
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What is Single Payer Healthcare?
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Let Him Know
By Katie Robbins –
After a sobering loss for Democrats in the special election held to replace Sen. Ted Kennedy in Massachusetts, probing exit polls about health reform show that the win of Republican Scott Brown who pledged to cast the vote that would kill national health reform, didn’t come from people who thought the national legislation was going too far, but that it wasn’t going far enough. Among Brown voters, 36 percent thought it didn’t go far enough. Among voters who stayed home and opposed health care, a full 53 percent said they opposed the Senate bill because it didn’t go far enough.
The people in the commonwealth of Massachusetts have been living for three years with the same reform the national legislation is modeled after…and it isn’t working. Even though more people have insurance through the mandate and subsidies for private plans, it fails to provide universal access to health care. In addition, health costs continue to sky rocket, as it does little to guarantee that people can clear the hurdles of copays and deductibles in order to actually access health care when they need it.
A recent article from the Massachusetts state treasurer, Timothy P. Cahill, cites a recent study prepared by Drs. Rachel Nardin, David Himmelstein, and Steffie Woolhandler of Harvard Medical School showing that the least expensive plan available to a middle-income, 56-year-old individual costs $4,872 in annual premiums. That does not include a $2,000 deductible if the person actually gets sick, or the 20 percent of the person’s medical costs — up to $3,000 a year — he or she is required to pay, meaning that an individual’s total annual bill for health care could reach $9,872.
Cahill continues, “Rather than providing a solution, the Massachusetts health care laws have only created more problems, both on the state’s balance sheet and in struggling households across the state. Our residents deserve accessible, affordable health care that will not jeopardize the Commonwealth’s fiscal health, goals we cannot attain under the current system.”
To really understand the message coming from Massachusetts, let’s take a look back at the historic election in November 2008, two years after “health reform” was implemented in the state when voters turned out in record numbers to support the election of now President Obama and his message of change. A little highlighted ballot initiative at the time reveals an insight into popular opinion on the state’s health plan. In all ten legislative districts in the commonwealth, local ballot initiatives supporting single payer and opposing individual mandates passed by landslide margins. With almost all precincts tallied, roughly 73 percent of 181,000 voters in the ten districts voted YES to the following:
“Should the representative from this district be instructed to support legislation creating a cost-effective single payer health insurance system that is available to all residents, and oppose laws penalizing those who fail to obtain health insurance?”
The measure passed with margins ranging from 65 to 82 percent in support of single-payer health care.
Unfortunately, the clear support for single-payer in Massachusetts and around the country falls on deaf ears of the current administration. President Obama, in his recent remarks in the State of the Union address, opened the door for further discussion on the health care debate. He said, “If anyone from either party has a better approach that will bring down premiums, bring down the deficit, cover the uninsured, strengthen Medicare for seniors, and stop insurance company abuses, let me know.”
The growing movement for universal and improved Medicare has been trying to “let him know” for some time now, and will continue to do so. Drs. Margaret Flowers and Carol Paris were recently arrested for responding to the President’s call for better ideas on how to reform the health care system. Dr. Flowers left practice as a pediatrician because she was unable to provide quality care in this system. They are now urging everyone to join them in letting President Obama know about Medicare for All.
We must find strength and power in our unified demand for improved Medicare for all. Together, let’s raise our voices and let the President know that Medicare for all, a single-payer national health care plan, will meet his goals of a health plan that will save billions of dollars, tens of thousands of lives, cover everyone, strengthen Medicare, and guarantee free choice of doctor and hospital in access of quality, comprehensive health care with no financial barriers.
Please join Drs. Flowers and Paris, and the growing movement of patients, nurses, and physicians in telling President Obama that we know of a better plan for the nation than the failure in Massachusetts – Medicare 2.0 – improved Medicare for everyone.
Email him or call the White House today.
We’ve got to let him know.
Posted in Single-Payer News and tagged Barack Obama, Health Reform, Healthcare Reform, HR 676, S. 703, Single Payer Healthcare, Single-Payer, universal healthcare
John Barker on February 1, 2010 at 10:00 pm
I did join Drs Margaret Flowers and Carol Paris by letting President Obama know that there is another way– Medicare for All–by sending at least half a dozen faxes or emails to Obama and my Congress people. I let him know that the healthcare profiteer welfare and protection act that Congress is offering us is not acceptable and will only make matters worse. The courage of Drs Flowers and Paris is admirable and I resent the disrespect that they have received.
papagroove on February 2, 2010 at 1:50 pm
“mistrial over”
So ironic. As i went to send the email to Pres Obama, the security image that that i needed to type:
Thought it was quite fitting.
People not profits.
Life is right.
Richard Heckler on February 9, 2010 at 7:31 pm
Our proposal is being looked upon as a job killer according to my interpretation of what Kathleen Sebelius said.
So today I wondered if Obama and his administration are shareholders?
The Moyers/Flowers interview was perfect. It drew a standing ovation that which I could not control.
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Introducing the Smart Search Engine with Kentico CMS 5
Thomas Robbins — Feb 2, 2010
cmskenticokentico cms 5smart search
Search is an important component of website usability. Providing the content and information a user is searching for quickly and easily is an important part of any web site. Within Kentico CMS 5 this functionality is provided by the Smart Search Engine. This engine takes advantage of the Lucene.NET Search Engine (Version 2.10). The Lucene Search Engine is an algorithmic port of the Java Lucene search engine to the C# and .NET platform. In this post we will look at the basics of the Smart Search engine and how it can be enabled with Kentico CMS 5.
The Lucene Engine provides the Kentico CMS Smart Search Engine a set of indexes that store information about the content of a site. Documents and forums are reflected in theses index file as index documents. The data structure of the index documents are designed for significantly higher search performance than a linear SQL search. Search requests use the index instead of having to make a database request. As you can guess this provides a significantly better performance compared to SQL query search.
Note: The SQL Server Search Engine has been an integral part of Kentico CMS. While still available in Kentico CMS 5, it should be used for backward compatibility
The Smart Search Engine is enabled in Site Manger Settings Web site and selecting the Enable smart Search indexing as shown below.
Once enabled, the index files created by the Smart Search Engine are located in the ~/App_Data/CMSModules/SmartSearch directory as shown below. By default there are two index types. The first is a document index that contains the content of documents in the content tree. The second is a forum index that stores the content of discussion forums.
Indexes are maintained within CMS Desk Administration Smart Search as shown below.
When a document is saved to the database a new indexing task is logged. The Smart Search Engine automatically checks the database looking for these tasks. When a task is found the Smart Search Engine processes the page and adds the relevant information to the index. By default the indexes contain the document type fields. For example, shown below is the default document properties list for the Article Document Type. When a new article is added the index writer uses these fields to update the index.
Requests made with the Smart Search web parts shown below are automatically passed to the Smart Search module. This module calls the index searcher which processes the index files checking the relevant document fields and returns the results.
Thomas RobbinsGoogle Plus
I spend my time working with partners and customers extending their marketing and technology to the fullest.
Thom Robbins commented on Feb 4, 2010
Thanks for the comment! Based on the feedback we have heard most customers prefer this. I do know they are looking at changing the default behavior in the future. For now you should be able to create a custom function and then use the results within a transformation.
Does Kentico 5.0 solve the problem that there is no way to get the best fragment for each result? The current (4.1) implementation is rather naive in that it just returns the beginning of the content and there is no way to get to the original Lucene result data because it's discared by Kentico right after the search is performed.
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Architecture, Urban Planning, and Visual Arts
Tomb of Ramose
unknown (Egyptian (ancient))
Download1A3-EG-T-TOR-C3_cp.jpg (574.2Kb)
1A3-EG-T-TOR-C3_sv.jpg (2.164Mb)
1A3-EG-T-TOR-C3_tm.jpg (18.82Kb)
http://hdl.handle.net/1721.3/118031
-1375--1365
The Funeral Banquet relief, view of the far left side, showing procession of courtiers and offering bearers; Egyptian tomb in the necropolis at Thebes (now Luxor), built for the city's vizier and governor Ramose (active ca. 1375-ca. 1365 BCE). It is large but unfinished, and is decorated partly with wall paintings on mud plaster, partly in exquisite limestone low relief. It is of particular interest because its decoration was begun in the conventional manner but was completed in a new style, after the accession of King Amenophis IV (Akhenaten). This Amarna style showed all human figures in the peculiar form chosen to depict Akhenaten himself: prominent lips and jaws, narrow, slanting eyes and female body contours. The roof of the square entrance hall was supported by papyriform columns (now restored). To the right and left of the entrance doorway the sculptors cut fine reliefs, intended to be painted but actually left bare, showing rows of guests at a banquet and Ramose making and receiving offerings. On the left wall is a colourful painting of the funeral procession, showing the coffin being dragged to the tomb, followed by mourners and bearers of funerary equipment such as furniture, unguents and flowers. The rear wall displays a theme soon to become familiar in the decoration of the new royal capital at el-Amarna: the King and his queen, Nefertiti, in the window of their palace, rewarding Ramose before a crowd of officials. In his role of vizier Ramose also showed himself receiving foreign delegates. The inner room is unfinished. After the move by the court to el-Amarna, there is no further record of Ramose and his family. Source: Grove Art Online; http://www.groveart.com/ (accessed 1/15/2008)
mastaba (tomb); excavation (site)
architectural exteriors, death or burial, deities, domestic life, genre, Akhenaton, King of Egypt, Egypt--Civilization, Amarna period, Eighteenth Dynasty, New Kingdom (Egyptian)
© Scott Gilchrist, Archivision, Inc.
Licensed for educational and research use by the MIT community only
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The Last Waltz Live
Updates & Stories
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A spectacular live 2 hour re-creation of one of the most iconic concerts in rock history, THE BAND’S THE LAST WALTZ. With a ten piece band, full brass section, and all the special guests.
Back by popular demand, The Last Waltz Live comes back to The Olympia Theatre for a fully seated show on Friday 26th September 2014!
Tickets from €22.90 including booking fee on sale now via Ticketmaster.ie, usual Ticketmaster outlets including The Olympia Theatre Box Office, and by calling Ticketmaster at The Olympia Phone Bookings on 0818 719 330.
A LIMITED NUMBER OF TICKETS ARE AVAILABLE AT AN EARLY BIRD DISCOUNTED RATE OF €20.00 INCLUSIVE OF BOOKING FEE AND ARE AVAILBALE NOW.
Under 14's must be accompanied by an adult, Over 18's ID required to gain access to the bars where alcohol is served.
This brilliant tribute night is a real treat for anyone who loves good-old fashioned rock and country music. The show not only stars The Group themselves as The Band (naturally!), but also features a whole host of special musical guest-stars from Ireland’s music scene.
The night is a must see for fans of:
The Band (The Night They Drove Old Dixie Down / The Weight / Up on Cripple Creek)
Bob Dylan (I Shall be released/Forever Young etc), Neil Young (Helpless/Harvest Moon)
Van Morrison (Caravan)
Muddy Waters (Mannish Boy)
Neil Diamond (Dry Your Eyes)
Eric Clapton (Further on up the road)
Joni Mitchell (Coyote)
This smash hit LIVE MUSIC SHOW has been re-vamped, updated and technologically advanced with an amazing new stage set. This feel-good, full of love extravaganza will be a sure fire way to beat the blues this year.
“Astounding musicianship”
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The Olympia
72 Dame Street, Dublin 2, Ireland
€22.90 -
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We Buy Music + Movies – Mpls. St Paul Metro
Down In The Valley Care Box
Pre-Order Vinyl
Get Discounts on your music purchases and money back on everything else!
2019 release, the first album in seven years from the British post-punk/indie band. The Futureheads' name comes from the title of The Flaming Lips album Hit to Death in the Future Head. The band's influences include new wave and post-punk bands such as Gang of Four, Devo, XTC, and Wire.
https://downinthevalley.com 193483917054
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1. Jekyll
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Egwene, Lying to World Leaders
By TamTam Rapley,
October 23, 2011 in Wheel of Time Books
Hopefire - Member
Hopefire
Yes, Ishamael could have - in theory - ended the world with the Choedan Kal. In practice, while he would have loved to do that, the Pattern is still strong enough to prevent that from happening. In the Age of Legends, the access Ter'angreal were kept out of the hands of the Shadow, despite being in Shadow controlled territory, with the Bore unsealed. Lanfear completely missed the female Choedan Kal after Rand and Asmodean's battle. Semirhage for some reason left the ter'angreal behind when breaking into Cadsuane's room. The Pattern will allow Rand to carry the Choedan Kal, and the Dark One can't get Moridin's hands on it. The result is that the Dark One has to work through Rand.
I think that Rand's trip to Dragonmount is part of the Pattern's self defense mechanism. Rand came to intellectually and emotionally understand the point of view of Moridin and the Dark One. That in of itself may prove to be important. Rand also destroyed the Choedan Kal, meaning that the Pattern no longer needs to worry about keeping it out of the wrong hands. Rand also gained his mental protection against the Dark One. I don't think that his trip was useless...
MasterAblar 27 posts
Suttree 19 posts
Kahsm 15 posts
Manscher - Member
Manscher
rand breaking down makes no difference to grand scheme of things. This whole VOG thingy is just a timewaster.
Give ishy the choedan kal and the world would end just the same.
And yet the Shadow have spend so much time and resources on Rand specifically! He's the Fisher King, you need him to win, that goes for both the Light and the Shadow. Without him, only a draw can be gained through a "bloody melee"
Indeed, she haven't really changed personality wise, which is why Rand has such an easy time manipulating her in the start of ToM.
The shadow should spend more time in going after objects of power rather than playing mind games. If ishy wielded that Kal on dragonmount, then no amount of fisher kings would have saved the world.
Ishy would have ended it right there. And there's nothing Rand could have done about it. Which just illustrates the fact that plot is and was completely broken from the start.
And yet you have read the books and spend an awful lot of time on these boards
Elan Tedronai - Member
Elan Tedronai
i didnt say it was useless. But what i am saying is this whole notion of needing rand to turn baddy so that the world can be ended is just BS. If ishy had the kal, what could the pattern do to stop him? Shoot lighting from the sky? Make him have a heart attack before he blows up existence? When Lanfear and beidomon drilled a hole through the dark one's prison, did the pattern stop them?
The reason the kal didnt fall into the wrong hands when they got lost in the war of power could be multitude of reasons. But just because they ended up in rhuidean does not make it any harder for the bad guys to wield it. Personally i think it's just plot armor keeping the keys from falling into the wrong hands. If the forsaken had the keys then we would usher the new dark age of shadowism for all eternity. Then there would be no story.
Just like there would be no tarmon gaidon action if the light still possessed the male Kal. It was destroyed because of plot convienience.
It's called having an opinion. Deal with it.
Kahsm - Member
Kahsm
And no, maybe Rand's not the world's only hope; that wasn't my point and the whole thing's very unclear. But he is pretty darn vital, and Egwene doesn't know those RJ quotes.
She does know that LTT messed up though and would like to help Rand not do the same, or worse.
I don't think the shadow needs him to win at all, where is that ever stated? The DO wanted him, but he seems willing to kill him and do it the "hard way" if he must. Ishy is more than capable to do what must be done if the CoL is out of the way.
Also, remember when Moir says she'd kill Rand before she let him threaten the pattern? Funny how right she was about that. Killing Rand would certainly be better than having him screw something up and losing it for everyone everything.
I just started a re-read of EotW, and I noticed several similarities with country Egwene and Amrylin Egwene. She has a precedence of dismissing anything Rand says as foolishness. For example, Rand, Perrin, and Mat see a fade and she evedrops on their conversation and she states that they shouldn't make up stories. Rand says that the Trollocs are chasing them and they must leave Edmond's Field, Egwene disagrees because she thinks they just want to leave on an adventure. Rand states that he met the Daughter-heir of Andor and she just laughs in his face. She never assumes that Rand may be telling the truth or may be right. Instead of listening to the evidence, she always outright dismisses it. Every interaction between the two feel quite similiar to Egwene's reaction to Rand in the WT.
I think that's a little premature to say given that we have no idea what Rand's actual goals are. He seems to believe she's been pushed in the right direction, yes.
And what "evidence"? There's no "evidence" in any of those things you mention. The so-called "evidence" is that the boys say they did/saw something and Egwene is supposed to accept that as "evidence"? And lets try to keep in mind that Rand refused to talk to Egwene about the seals. She offered, he refused. So of course she'll maintain her current position based on what she knows. And what she knows is this:
"Break the seals? Break the seals? Why would anyone but a madman want to do that?" - Herid Fel, School of Cairhien
MasterAblar - Member
MasterAblar
Sealbreaker
He didn't refuse, he said they would talk later, she just has to be a little patient. Considering the world is depending on this, I think patience, and caution, are not too much to ask for.
What she know is not necessarily all the information though, so waiting until she does have all the information, in order to make a more informed decision, would be a good idea, particularly when there's no risk of anything happening beforehand.
Yes, breaking the seals sounds crazy (she states so herself in fact), but when there's so much conflicting evidence about whether or not the man in question, who happens to be the savior of the world, is insane or not, and when no one but her and the Aes Sedai have proven to be immediately hostile to the breaking of the seals, then a little prudence would be wise. It's her own fault if she doesn't think things through, and consider all posibilities.
The Lord of the Morning - Member
The Lord of the Morning
Hahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahahhahahahahahaha lololololololololololololololol. I love W.O.T discussions, people's opinions amuse me. But on a serious note, this really didn't surprise me. Egwene has shown multiple times that she cares more for the tower than anything else. It's her job as Amyrlin to do so. I don't like it and neither do a lot of people but it's the truth. I believe that when Rand sees the Armies of the world at the meting place, it's not going to change anything. In fact, it'll probably all have been a part of his plan. Hahahahahhahhahaa it should be funny.
Also, I believe that if Rand isn't at the Last Battle, the light side will lose horribly. Think about it without Rand, nobody is there to stop the Dark One from doing what he wants.
Arani Lepenque Aes Sedai - Member
Arani Lepenque Aes Sedai
And you could say the same thing regarding Perrin, Mat, Egwene, Nynaeve, Min and some other characters....
TamTam Rapley - Member
TamTam Rapley
Rand knows what Egwene is like, she has to have control of everything, but Rand will not become a Tar Varlon puppet like Raolin Darksbane, Yurian Stonebow, Guaire Amalasan, Davian, and Logain. He knows that Egwene usually opposes what he says or wants, therefore, why not use what she does so routinely to his own benefit?
Rand does provide plenty of descriptive evidence that a country bumpkin couldn't of known had he not seen it with his own eyes. Lan confirms that the boys description matches a fade, Moraine confirms that only Mats, Perrins, and Rand's homes were attacked and that they were the targets. Rand provides knowledge to the group in the Camelyn Inn about Elayne, Gawyn, Galad, Morgase, and the palace that he could of only gained through actually meeting them and by being there. Even Moraine recognizes everything he states and takes it as truth. Yet, Egwene ignores this evidence. AND is witness testimony not considered evidence now? Half of convictions in the Canadian criminal justice system is a result of witness testimony. I would assume that around the same amount would apply to the U.S. as well.
I really don't get that. If he could break them any day, and you're pretty sure you aren't going to agree no matter what his reasoning, then obviously you'll focus on stopping him before you wait for information. If she stops him, but then he does manage to convince her otherwise, then he'll be allowed to break them! No harm no foul. You have to focus on putting out the fires before you start rebuilding.
Pedron Naill says something similar, "Never assume you have all the information, and never wait for all the information before you act". And he was one of the five great captains. And I can already hear it being said, "but Egwene assumes she has all the information!" No, she assumes she's right based on what she has -- there's a difference.
As far as I know, there would be nothing stopping say... Egwene, or lets say Nynaeve to be less controversial, from simply re-sealing the bore the same way LTT did -- herself with a bunch of other women, taint Saidar this time around.
Suttree - Member
Suttree
Rand knows what Egwene is like, she has to have control of everything, but Rand will not become a Tar Varlon puppet like Raolin Darksbane, Yurian Stonebow, Guaire Amalasan, Davian, and Logain.
Not sure why you would think the False Dragons were TV puppets? Especially someone like Guaire who actually laid siege to Tar Valon!
I wasn't really using it as evidence, Rand stated several times in EotW and TGH that he would wouldn't be a puppet like those guys to Moraine and then later Siuan. However, we know the reader know that they weren't puppets, or at least Guaire wasn't. The others as Siuan creates a rumor later about, could of been set up by the Red Ajah, so that they could capture them and gain prestige.
Edited November 3, 2011 by TamTam Rapley
SuperFade - Member
Quotes Are Meaningless
Egwene has no idea how the Seals were used to imprison the Dark One. The only one who knows that is Rand, and if he dies the knowledge will die with him. All she knows is what they look like and that they are made of Heartstone. Nobody can show her how LTT did it either, because he used Saidin rather than Saidar and a man cannot teach a women how to weave.
Pretty sure LTT didn't have a lot of bores and DOs to practice on before he went off and figured it out. Egwene manages to figure out gateways just from Mogh's vague description coupled with previous knowledge. No one ever showed her how before she did it. And Nynaeve is a pretty innovative channeler too.
How so? I don't remember it ever being said that Egwene, Nyneave, or Min were vital to the success of the Light. Very helpfull yes, but not absolutely vital.
He could break them anyday, but you know he won't since he said so. Egwene has trusted him to come to the FoM, before breaking the seals, so there's no need to rush in making the decision on whether or not to oppose him.
No harm no foul? Except for the fact that she's told everyone that the Dragon Reborn had to be stopped, and if she turns out to be wrong that she's iniated hostilities with the Dragon Reborn withoug being sure if it was necessary. It makes her and the White Tower look bad, real bad. She can not be sure there is a fire yet, and if she is, then she hasn't thought things through.
She assumes both. And there is no risk in waiting before acting, in this situation. That's why there's no harm in waiting. If it turns out she needs to stop him, then she can. If it turns out she doesn't need to, then all is fine, because she didn't initiate hostilities. She's keeping all her options open to ensure she won't regret making a wrong decision. Unfortunately she's already made her decision.
Yeah, I don't if Nyneave or Egwene could pull that off. LTT was the greatest channeler in the world. It was said to be extremely difficult and dangerous to do. And besides, LTT would have had to have a certain knowledge of the bore or of the DO's prison to figure out how to do it. This isn't as "simple" as figuring out some weave.
But you want her to do nothing all month, show up to FOM where he could bring the seals and put them on the table, hold up a hammer over his head and say, "last chance to convince me not to do this." And she would be like, "Gee, wish I had a bunch of leaders here who agreed with me so I could show some worldly solidarity, I probably shouldn't have sat on my ass all month."
(apply this to the other response too cause Luckers dislikes it when we spiral out of control)
Yeah, I [doubt] if Nyneave or Egwene could pull that off. LTT was the greatest channeler in the world. It was said to be extremely difficult and dangerous to do. And besides, LTT would have had to have a certain knowledge of the bore or of the DO's prison to figure out how to do it. This isn't as "simple" as figuring out some weave.
Who's to say they have to do it the same way? They're women, so likely it would be done differently. And the "Greatest channeler in the world" couldn't heal stilling, which Nyneave figured out. They can link, the men couldn't, so bonus there too.
Of course not. She should still gather all the leaders and armies in the world in case he does need to be stopped. That wouldn't be a problem, afterall they'd still want to be there for such an important decision. If Rand needs to be stopped, they'll be there. If he doesn't need to be stopped then all the armies are gathered and ready to go.
If Rand shows up and says that, then she should ask him to convince her that needs to be done in the first place. It's for Rand to explain why it should be done, not for Egwene to explain why it shouldn't be done. If he refuses to explain, then stop him. If his explanation is not satisfactory, then stop him. If the explanation is satisfactory, then all's good, break the seals.
That said the point of this meeting is something else for Rand, so I doubt he'll show up and break the seals just like that. Afterall once they're broken, there's no going back.
Well, when I said greatest channeller in the world, I didn't mean the best at everything. But still he was incredibly experienced and knowledgable, and his incredible skill made up for the lack of women at the sealing.
Nyneave knows nothing about the nature of the bore or the Dark One's prison, so I don't see how she could figure out. And even if she could, I don't know if she is skilled enough to pull it off.
You know what's funny in all this. All these leader gathering and opposition by the Aes sedai would have never materialised if rand did the simple thing.
Rand: Egwene, i am going to break the seals
Egwene: what no rand. you cant
Rand: look the seals are crumbling and if we are going to defear shaitan then we need to remake the prison again.
egwene: so?
Rand: so, in order to recreate the original creation, we need to get rid of the patch i laid 3,000 years ago and rebuild it from scratch.
Egwene: sounds good to me but we need to plan. What happens after you break the seals. what then?
Rand: *proceeds to tell his plan*
Egwene: I see.
That's how a mature battle leader does his things. Instead we get
Rand: Egwene i am going to break the seals
Egwene what no rand. you cant.
Rand: It's a risk we must all take. i have to do it. clear the rubble
Egwene: its dangerous action. we must plan.
Rand: lol alright you go ahead and plan. taa daa.
Egwene: what the...
Yeah, it is odd that Rand provoked Egwene, and so far there doesn't seem to be a very good reason for it, which means we'll just have to wait until aMoL and see if he has one (which he'd better). He meant for Egwene to react as she did. That means she was predictable though, it doesn't mean she should have reacted that way.
NetSlider - Member
NetSlider
Interesting, I wonder if she might be part of the safety mechanism that pattern put in place if Rand chooses the wrong side?
XXX - Member
Not just LTT..I believe most AoL leaders knew a lot more about the bore than the current channelers for the simple reason that the bore was drilled in their lifetime. They know what was done so they have some idea how to close it.
Egwene knows squat about the bore..the only people who knows are Rand and the Forsaken and I am pretty sure the person who knows the most about it, Lanfear will help him seal it back up.
Guest PiotrekS - Guests
Guest PiotrekS
I absolutely agree with Elan (in Egwene thread!)
I fear all this weird behaviour on Rand's part might have something to do with the link with Moridin and I don't like this line of thinking at all...Hopefully all the nonsense about "part of Rand wants me to stop him" will not be a crucial thing in AMoL.
Well, just because there are people who know how the brain works, doesn't make me comfortable enough to do brain surgery or even think that I might be able to pull it off. But that said, it is true that AoL people might have a better general understanding of the "universe" and the "power(s)" which would help them fumble through something like making a patch on the pattern.
However, as I pointed out, our 3rd age heroes, in some areas, have been even better at figuring things out than the 2nd age-ers were. So there's no reason to think they couldn't figure it out if they actually tried to work it out. Nyn and stilling, and Egwene works out travelling with just a vague description from Mogh. No one had to show her how to do it.
So no, obviously they couldn't just do it at this very moment. But neither could LTT before he left to figure out how. He may have had a vague idea based on a general understanding, but that does not mean Egwene or Nynaeve couldn't figure it out as they have various other weaves and TAR tricks.
Well we better all pray that Min knows something about it because that's who Rand is relying on.
Just spit my coffee all over my computer, it's funny that Elan hit the nail on the head with this one.
Edited November 4, 2011 by Suttree
baalsmistress - Member
baalsmistress
Actually, Rand should just write down about a thousand different strategies and put each one in an envelope, put the envelopes in a big sack and tell Mat to pick one.
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Home Roundup Weekend Roundup 4/1
Weekend Roundup 4/1
April 12, 2013 August 4, 2015 China, Drone Law, Pakistan, Roundup
News Trending Now
“‘We are not darkening the skies yet,” says executive at SoCal civilian drones conference, “but we are poised.’” An article at Mother Jones reports on the future of domestic drones.
The Huffington Post interviews Afghan families who have fled their homes for fear of drones.
India is stepping up anti-Maoist operations by deploying more troops and surveillance drones to the state of Chhattisgarh.
A Pakistani man has been arrested in Germany for allegedly spying on a firm that researches Israeli-made surveillance drones used by the German army. Just as the German government plans to buy combat drones, a group of leading peace organizations have begun to strategize an anti-drone campaign in that country.
A Chinese citizen has been sentenced in Federal Court for attempting to steal drone-related technology that allows missiles to hit a target without satellite guidance.
The Australian Northern Territory Cattlemen’s Association has told their farmers that they may shoot down drones sent by the group Animal Liberation.
The Pentagon has halted production of a medal commending service in the areas of drone and cyber warfare. The ‘distinguished warfare medal’ was released in early February amid criticism from veterans organizations.
The Florida state legislature has restricted drone use by law enforcement, but surveillance with a warrant is permitted. Governor McDonnell of Virginia wants to amend the latest state legislation banning drones to allow their use by law enforcement, but not by universities or other organizations.
Boeing helped kill an anti-drone privacy bill in Washington State.
A Gallup poll shows popular American support for drone strikes overseas but notable qualms when the target is a US citizen. A British poll shows similar support in the UK.
Yet another police department (Murrieta, CA) considers using drones instead of helicopters. And another (Aspen, CO).
This month anti-drone activists will stage a set of protests nationwide against companies that manufacture drones, and the bases that house them.
San Diego has been called ‘the hub of the drone industry’. A team from Southern California is one of fifty teams from thirty-seven states competing for FAA test-site permits. The FAA is hosting a virtual town hall session to hear from the public on drones.
This visualization of drone strike casualties in Pakistan has attracted much attention over the past week.
Joshua Foust argues that the drone debate misses the point: “By focusing so much on the technology of counterterrorism, critics are missing the far more worrying decisions made at the White House that have dramatically expanded targeted killings worldwide.”
Aroop Mukharaj at the Atlantic suggests that drone pilots employ human shields. “
International law does not allow combatants to kill in the morning and then enjoy immunity later in the evening.”
Again from the Atlantic, an op-ed that argues for state referendums barring law enforcement agencies from using drones.
Glenn Greenwald argues that the American public needs to ‘wake up’ to the threat of domestic drones.
Look here for a paper arguing for the need for international arms control agreements for weaponized drones.
Charlie Rose interviews some big names in drone commentary.
Dragon Eye, a UAV from NASA, was recently flown into the crater of a volcano in Costa Rica to “improve the remote-sensing capability of satellites and computer models of volcanic activity.”
Students at Virginia Tech College of Engineering have created a human-sized robotic jellyfish.
Take a look at the four possible combat drones being considered by the US Navy.
An Iranian-made drone, Pars, can carry life-vests to drowning victims.
A company out of San Francisco is designing a device to turn an iPhone into a ground station capable of controlling a drone a mile away.
The Txchnologist reports on a temporary tattoo that you can use to fly a drone.
TIME Magazine names the Switchblade drone one of the best inventions of the year.
The Navy wants to equip Humvees with lasers capable of shooting down UAVs. The Army is considering using drones to “provide cellular coverage in bad reception areas, such as pockets of Afghanistan.”
Weekend Roundup 3/24
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Acting FBI Director McCabe needs to go because of his wife Jill
May 12, 2017 /0 Comments/in Courts & Law, Must Read, Policy, Politics, Religion, Social Issues /by Dr. Rich Swier
The New York Times, Chicago Tribune and CNN all reported that the acting FBI Director Andrew G. McCabe contradicted the White House’s assertion that James B. Comey had lost the support of rank-and-file FBI agents. So why are these news organizations highlighting McCabe? Perhaps it is because of his wife Dr. Jill McCabe, who ran for the Virginia state Senate as a Democrat?
What these news outlets fail to tell you about his wife Dr. Jill McCabe is her connection to long time Hillary Clinton supporter and governor of Virginia Terry McAuliffe.
Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe campaigning with his wife Jill.
In The Daily Signal article Here Are 12 Possible Comey Replacements at FBI Fred Lucas reports:
Andrew McCabe, the acting FBI director who was the deputy director under Comey, testified on Capitol Hill Thursday. He is also reportedly a contender for the job, but could be challenged due to potential conflicts.
McCabe served as an FBI special agent since 1996, and was elevated to the No. 2 spot in 2016. However, while he was moving up in the FBI during the investigation of Hillary Clinton’s private email server, his wife Dr. Jill McCabe ran for the Virginia state Senate in 2015, with a financial boost of almost $500,000 from Common Good VA. The political action committee is controlled by longtime Clinton ally Gov. Terry McAuliffe.
In a statement to The Wall Street Journal last year, the FBI said, “Months after the completion of [his wife’s] campaign, then-Associate Deputy Director McCabe was promoted to deputy, where, in that position, he assumed for the first time, an oversight role in the investigation into Secretary Clinton’s emails.”
“It needs to be somebody independent,” said Ron Hosko, the FBI’s former assistant director of the criminal investigative division and now president of the Law Enforcement Legal Defense Fund. “With McCabe, this day and age, even the appearance of impropriety is a problem … An appearance can be fatal—maybe not to a career—but to advancement.”
Hillary Clinton campaigning with long time ally Terry McAuliffe, governor of Virginia.
The Daily Beast reports:
The news [of Dr. Jill McCabe’s McAuliffe connection] drew calls for McCabe to publicly recuse himself from anything involving the bureau’s investigation into Clinton’s email scandal. But he didn’t do that, and conservatives haven’t forgotten.
“He should be removed as acting director and then either fired or demoted,” Mark Corallo, spokesperson for John Ashcroft when he was Attorney General, told The Daily Beast. “When he did not recuse himself from the investigation despite knowing his wife received major campaign contributions from Terry McAuliffe, he broke the ethics rules and tainted the investigation. Time for him to go.”
It appears the reason McCabe is defending Comey and wants the Russian investigation to move forward may be because he is complicit in the failure by the FBI to indict Hillary Clinton and those implicated in creating, maintaining and scrubbing the email server, which contained classified information.
Mr. McCabe needs to go.
Here Are 12 Possible Comey Replacements at FBI
Trump Has Vowed to Eradicate MS-13. What You Need to Know About This Violent Gang
Here’s the Action Trump Is Taking to Investigate Voter Fraud
James Comey and the Stinking Fish Factor
Tags: Andrew G. McCabe, Dr. Jill McCabe, emailgate, FBI, hillary clinton, James Comey, Terry McAuliffe
https://drrichswier.com/wp-content/uploads/Dr-jill-mccabe.jpg 360 640 Dr. Rich Swier http://drrich.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/logo_264x69.png Dr. Rich Swier2017-05-12 06:45:382017-05-12 08:22:30Acting FBI Director McCabe needs to go because of his wife Jill
JANUARY 21, 2021: A Date Which Will Live In InfamyJanuary 19, 2021 - 9:53 AM
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Home › 2016 Election › Glazer takes his seat in the State Senate with a cordial response from colleagues
Glazer takes his seat in the State Senate with a cordial response from colleagues
By Steven Tavares on May 29, 2015 • ( 28 )
Steve Glazer addressing the State Senate following
his swearing-in Thursday morning in Sacramento.
PHOTO/CalChannel
STATE SENATE | 7TH DISTRICT | Steve Glazer’s new colleagues in the State Senate–especially those backed by labor–did not turn their backs or throw tomatoes as he was sworn-in Thursday morning by Gov. Jerry Brown. In fact, Glazer’s first vote (an aye vote), a procedural bill involving the state budget, was followed by a hearty round of celebratory hoots and hollering from lawmakers.
Glazer’s special election victory in the Seventh District last week over another Democrat Susan Bonilla was highlighted by acrimony from labor unions who strongly opposed the new senator’s stance on transportation strikes. Although, Big Labor, still smarting from the bruising defeat, continued their rhetorical assault on Glazer even after Election Day, none of that ill-will was evident Tuesday on the senate floor.
The swearing-in ceremony, however, was delayed about 20 minutes until Brown arrived to deliver the oath of office to his former campaign consultant. Glazer ran Brown’s 2010 gubernatorial campaign before returning to the Orinda as a councilmember and mayor. “Always a hero of mine,” Glazer said of Brown, “for his vision, courage and dash of pragmatism in public policy-making.”
In his remarks, Glazer focused heavily on his roots growing up in Sacramento, including his first exposure to political activism during the Vietnam War and five months picking oranges and grapefruits at a kibbutz in Israel. “It gave me a great deal of appreciation for all of those who grow and harvest our food.”
Even though Glazer’s tenure in the State Senate begins today, he won’t have much time before pivoting towards another potentially hard-fought re-election campaign in 2016. That’s because the May 19 special election was called to only fill out the remainder of Mark DeSaulnier’s term following his election last November to Congress.
‹ (UPDATE) Assemblymember Bill Quirk offers his thoughts on ‘The Bachelorette’
P.M. BRIEFING | 5.28.15 ›
Categories: 2016 Election, Jerry Brown, Mark DeSaulnier, Orinda, SD7, State Senate, Steve Glazer, Susan Bonilla, swearing-in
Glazer is a buffoon. Just like all the other political phonies and losers they are beholding to. Hooray for another elected dope.
Good deal, Senator Steve Glazer!
June 1, 2015 • 10:57 PM
He'll have a hard time holding on to that seat in 2016.
What hasn't been pointed out so far is that Glazer was almost totally funded by anti-consumer groups. The middle and lower class lost when he won. Our family doesn't belong to a union but I agree that 2016 will bring out more anti-Glazer voters and will probably spell his doom. Usually more progressive candidates win in presidential years. 23% voting in this election will be doubled or tripled in 2016. Those voters will represent the people.
June 2, 2015 • 12:16 AM
Loving Senator Steve Glazer for the next 13 years!
You union sluts gave it your all, and the public decided that you're worthless and toxic. Steve is the People's Choice, as was evidenced by his election blowout victory.
This is Politics 99. He was never going to be allowed to fail since he always had the PEOPLE on his team. BART strikes are now on their way to the ash bin of history. Along with our dear Assemblywoman Cathy Baker, the district has been realigned to moderate-conservative. We who live in the district are very happy, indeed.
Steve's victory is your loss, and we will continue to remind you union sluts of that fact. Next up, we take out Dick Valley in the next election and throw him on the scrap heap of history along with MITTbranti, Whorbett, Bitchchanan, Second Place Sue, Whortese, can't write anymore since the list of LOSERS is so, so long.
How sweet it is for THE PEOPLE'S CHOICE WINNERS!!!
June 2, 2015 • 7:08 AM
Both Glazer and Baker will lose in 2016 when the voter turnout will be more than twice as high. You are never the people's choice with a 23% voter turnout. Bye, Bye corporate sluts!
Well the Corporate shill won and the consumer and middle class lost. That will change in Nov. 2016.
We agree!
Just saw an awesome bumper sticker on the 580.
“Senator Steve Glazer–BART strike and union whore buster!”
This is awesome; now I just need to find out where to get mine. Tag line–Senator Steve Glazer–for the next 13 years!
Love the fact that Glazer just voted this week to give Medi-Cal benefits to undocumented immigrants. Outstanding!
We all make mistakes, but he's a good guy anyway.
He also failed to vote on a bill that would have raised the minimum wage to 13 dollars by 2017. He took a walk-the cowards way out. Not a good guy in my book!
Glazer is a coward and a buffoon! Just like all the other political phonies and losers that are beholden to the corporations. Hooray for another elected dope that wants to screw the middle and lower class.
You get what you pay for, and the corporate elite definitely paid for Glazer. Revenge is sweet. Wait for 2016 when he should be defeated. I'm sure there will be many more votes, or not voting that will piss people off.
If you want to get rid of politicians that are bought and paid for, like Glazer and others, you need to support AB700. With AB700 we would get to actually see the the top three funders of campaign mailers clearly, unlike current disclosure policies that let the largest funders hide behind small print and innocuous committee names. Most Bay Area legislators are supporting this, with the notable exception of Catharine Baker.
Glazer and Baker will be gone after 2016—–Good riddance!
What has been pointed out so far is that Glazer and Baker were almost totally funded by anti-consumer groups. The middle and lower class lost when they won. My family doesn't belong to a union, wish we did, but I agree that 2016 will bring out more anti-Glazer and anti-Baker voters. Usually more progressive candidates win in presidential years. Those voters in 2016 will represent the people, not the small number that turn out in special elections.
According to a Pew Research Center poll released Thursday, 72% of Americans support allowing immigrants living in this country illegally to stay and be granted legal status.
All hail INCUMBENCY!!!!!!!!!!!
The ” People's Choice”? We'll see in 2016. He just took a walk, instead of voting on a bill last week that would have raised the minimum wage to $13 an hour by 2017. So, he refused to take a stand on one of his first contentious issues. What a coward!
So happy that the district has realigned to moderate-conservative, which best reflects our values. We don't need any ultra-liberal skank union sluts out this way. If they're dumb enough to thrust recycled has-beens on us in the next election, we'll be only too happy to send them right back to the scrap heap of history.
Good, old-fashioned values are the best. So lucky to have the Dynamic Duo: Senator Steve and Assemblywoman Cathy. We are so blessed!
June 12, 2015 • 6:40 PM
Oh, you union whores really can't take reality. Keep having those wet dreams. We might even hire you to cater the Glazer and Baker re-election victory parties in 2016, but no union-scale wages! You have been relegated to the trash heap of history, and the PEOPLE'S CHOICE WINNERS coming at your expense is all the sweeter.
How sweet it is to roll all over you yet once again!
Labor has never done well in special elections with low voter turnout. Both in 2012 and 2014 General elections Labor candidates were successful well over 90% of the time in Bay Area races. I'm pretty happy with those type of percentages.
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eBook Red
PDF Full Download eBook
British Artists and War
by Peter Harrington
Author: Peter Harrington
Publisher: Greenhill Press
Artists of World War II
by Barbara McCloskey
Provides information on art during World War II with profiles of artists and descriptions of their works.
Author: Barbara McCloskey
Publisher: Greenwood Publishing Group
The War Artists
by Meirion Harries
Overzicht van het werk van beeldende kunstenaars tot en met de Falklandoorlog van 1982.
Author: Meirion Harries
Publisher: Michael Joseph
Art and war
by Laura Brandon
This text presents a survey of artists' responses - both 'official' & personal - to 'the horrors of war'.
Author: Laura Brandon
This text presents a survey of artists' responses - both 'official' & personal - to 'the horrors of war'. It reveals the diversity of artists' portrayals of this most devastating aspect of the human condition, from the 'heroic' paintings of Benjamin West & John Singer Sargent to brutal & iconic works by artists from Goya to Picasso.
by Victoria Charles
This book presents beautiful images depicting famous battles and war scenes, accompanied by the iconic text of the legendary Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu, as well as texts documenting notable moments of different wars, each written ...
Author: Victoria Charles
Publisher: Parkstone International
Over the course of history, many wars have changed the political and cultural landscape of our world. While these events are defined by their upheaval and violence, they frequently contribute to the formation of the identity of entire generations or groups of people, and thus have significant cultural effects. Despite the physical and emotional destruction that occurs during these turbulent periods, they have inspired prolific artistic creation. In the wake of traumatic events over the centuries, a myriad of artists have produced works that immortalise the most dramatic moments of these wars in order to establish them in history forever. This book presents beautiful images depicting famous battles and war scenes, accompanied by the iconic text of the legendary Chinese military strategist Sun Tzu, as well as texts documenting notable moments of different wars, each written by well-known writers. From Uccello’s The Battle of San Romano to Picasso’s Guernica, this work offers a captivating look at artworks inspired by war and what they reveal about humanity’s history.
by H. Avery Chenoweth
Presents a history of American war art over the past two hundred years.
Author: H. Avery Chenoweth
Publisher: Friedman/Fairfax Pub
War Paint
by Brian Foss
Art, War, State and Identity in Britain, 1939-1945 Brian Foss, Professor of Art
History School for Studies in Art and Culture ... ArtCollections Fund , the Council
of Industrial Design ... and , my only worthwhile activity , the War Artists
Committee .
Author: Brian Foss
In this groundbreaking examination of British war art during the Second World War, Brian Foss delves deeply into what art meant to Britain and its people at a time when the nation's very survival was under threat. Foss probes the impact of war art on the relations between art, state patronage, and public interest in art, and he considers how this period of duress affected the trajectory of British Modernism. Supported by some two hundred illustrations and extensive archival research, the book offers the richest, most nuanced view of mid-century art and artists in Britain yet written. The author focuses closely on Sir Kenneth Clark's influential War Artists' Advisory Committee and explores topics ranging from censorship to artists' finances, from the depiction of women as war workers to the contributions of war art to evolving notions of national identity and Britishness. Lively and insightful, the book adds new dimensions to the study of British art and cultural history.
The Army at War by American Artists
by United States. War Department
They are definitely not the headlines nor the flashes of the commentator or the
newsreel , but they are the Army in spirit and in fact , and they are the war . If the
artist concentrated on fighting action alone , leaving out all aspects of the months
Author: United States. War Department
Artists in Times of War
by Howard Zinn
During the Vietnam War, artists spoke out in different ways against the war. The
poet Robert Lowell was invited to the White House and he refused. Arthur Miller
also refused an invitation. The singer Eartha Kitt was invited to the White House ...
Author: Howard Zinn
Publisher: Seven Stories Press
"Political power," says Howard Zinn, "is controlled by the corporate elite, and the arts are the locale for a kind of guerilla warfare in the sense that guerillas look for apertures and opportunities where they can have an effect." In Artists in Times of War, Zinn looks at the possibilities to create such apertures through art, film, activism, publishing and through our everyday lives. In this collection of four essays, the author of A People's History of the United States writes about why "To criticize the government is the highest act of patriotism." Filled with quotes and examples from the likes of Bob Dylan, Mark Twain, e. e. cummings, Thomas Paine, Joseph Heller, and Emma Goldman, Zinn's essays discuss America's rich cultural counternarratives to war, so needed in these days of unchallenged U.S. militarism.
The War of Art
by Steven Pressfield
The War of Art identifies the enemy that every one of us must face, outlines a battle plan to conquer this internal foe, then pinpoints just how to achieve the greatest success.
Author: Steven Pressfield
Publisher: Black Irish Entertainment LLC
What keeps so many of us from doing what we long to do? Why is there a naysayer within? How can we avoid the roadblocks of any creative endeavor—be it starting up a dream business venture, writing a novel, or painting a masterpiece? The War of Art identifies the enemy that every one of us must face, outlines a battle plan to conquer this internal foe, then pinpoints just how to achieve the greatest success. The War of Art emphasizes the resolve needed to recognize and overcome the obstacles of ambition and then effectively shows how to reach the highest level of creative discipline. Think of it as tough love . . . for yourself.
Artists Rifles Regmental Roll of Honour and War Record 1914 1919
by S. Stagoll Higham
In November, 1915, the Regiment was officially recognised by Army Order* as an
Officers' Training Corps, and the Home Battalion became the 2nd Artists Rifles
O.T.C. In March, 1916, its separate School, then at Gidea Park, was converted ...
Author: S. Stagoll Higham
Publisher: Andrews UK Limited
The Artists Rifles originated in May 1860 as a corps of rifle volunteers, formed by an art student, Edward Sterling, from members of the artistic professions. Its first HQ was at Burlington House. It provided the largest contingent for the City Imperial Volunteers in the Boer War. When the Territorial Force was created in 1908 it became the 28th (County of London) Battalion, London Regiment. Shortly after the outbreak of the Great War second line and third line battalions were formed - numbered 2/28th and 3/28th, the original battalion being 1/28th. The latter arrived in France at the end of October 1914 and became an Officers Training Corps (OTC), first at Bailleul and in April 1915 at St Omer. In November 1915 it absorbed the 2/28th; the 3/28th (which remained in the UK) then became 2/28th. In the summer of 1917 cadet schools in France were closed and potential officers were sent to the UK for training, and 1/28th Battalion, freed at last from its OTC role, was sent to the front at the end of June 1917, allocated to 190th Brigade, 63rd (RN) Division where it remained to the end of the war. A short (17 pages) but very informative history of the battalion’s service in the line is included in the preface. This remarkable book contains a complete record of all whose names have been inscribed in the regiment’s Muster Roll since August 1914, showing commissions obtained, when and in which corps/regiments; honours and decorations awarded with citations where published; and a list of all casualties. There is a total of 15,022 names, that is everyone who at one time or another served in the Regiment in any capacity. 10,256 received commissions, eight VCs were awarded, and the casualties suffered throughout the war numbered 6,071 of whom 2,003 were killed. There are summary tables of awards and of casualties.
Civil War Artist
by Taylor Morrison
RE In the summer of 1861 , William Forbes came to New York City to make a
living as an artist . He was unable to find work until he saw an important
announcement in Burton ' s Illustrated News . It read : “ Artists will be paid
handsomely for ...
Author: Taylor Morrison
Traces an illustrator's sketch of a Civil War battle from the time it leaves his hands, through the engraving and printing processes, and to its final publication in a newspaper.
Artists and Patrons in Post war Britain
by Courtauld Institute of Art
Ridley, P., 'The concept of the gesture in Abstract Expressionism' unpublished
MA thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art, University of London, 1974. Robbins, D. (ed.)
, The Independent Group: Post War Britain and the Aesthetics of Plenty, MIT
Press ...
Author: Courtauld Institute of Art
This title was first published in 2001. An examination of art and patronage in Britain during the post-war years. It consists of five case studies, initially written as MA theses, that closely investigate aspects of the mechanisms of patronage outside the state institutions, while indicating structural links within it. The writers have sought to elucidate the relationship between patronage, the production of art and its dissemination. Without seeking to provide an inclusive account of patronage or art production in the early post-war years, their disparate and highly selective papers set up models for the structure of patronage under specific historical conditions. They assume an understanding that works of art are embedded in their social contexts, are products of the conditions under which they were produced, and that these contexts and conditions are complex, fluid and imbricated in one another.
Art Against War
by D. J. R. Bruckner
A survey of antiwar art features the works of over one hundred artists from many countries, including Breughel, Goya, Manet, Kandinsky, Munch, Sloan, and Searle
Author: D. J. R. Bruckner
Publisher: New York : Abbeville Press
A Combat Artist in World War II
by Edward Reep
Preface I'm not certain that the story of a war artist, or an artist-soldier at war, has
ever been told. Renowned artists have painted heroic scenes of great battles
commemorating one thing or another, but they were mostly commissioned long ...
Author: Edward Reep
Many artists have fought in wars, and renowned painters have recorded heroic scenes of great battles, but those works were usually done long after the battles were waged. Artists have also been commissioned to visit, briefly, war-torn areas and make notes of the devastation and horror. Yet few artists who were members of any armed services have drawn or painted daily while they fought alongside their comrades. Edward Reep, as an official combat artist in World War II, painted and sketched while the battles of the Italian campaign raged around him. He was shelled, mortared, and strafed. At Monte Cassino, the earth trembled as he attempted to paint the historic bombing of that magnificent abbey. Later, racing into Milan with armed partisans on the fenders of his Jeep, he saw the bodies of Mussolini and his beautiful mistress cut down from the gas station where they had been hanged by their heels. That same day he witnessed at first hand the spectacle of a large German army force holed up in a high-rise office tower, waiting for the chance to surrender to the proper American brass for fear of falling into the hands of the vengeful partisans. Reep's recollections of such desperate days are made more memorable in Combat Artist by the many painfully vivid paintings and drawings that accompany the text. Reep's battlefield drawings show us, with unrelenting honesty, the horrors and griefs -- and the bitter comedy -- of that war fought to end wars that only spawned more.
by National Gallery of Australia
If you think you know the work of Arthur Streeton, his war art will make you think again.
Author: National Gallery of Australia
If you think you know the work of Arthur Streeton, his war art will make you think again. While resident in London in 1915, Streeton joined the Royal Army Medical Corps, working as an orderly at the 3rd London General Hospital, where he came to understand the impact of war. His response to the tumult of the First World War is poignantly encapsulated in the works he produced as an Official War Artist in France from May to November 1918. As an artist best known for his lyrical landscapes, his depictions of the modern machines of war are unexpected, and yet they make sense. To a large extent, technology was what made the First World War so devastating, and Streeton was there in the last months to observe its impact on the troops, towns and landscape. His vision of damaged guns, planes and places serves as a metaphor for the many maimed and shell-shocked servicemen he encountered. This publication reproduces key works from that period from collections around Australia and overseas and is a key record of the war and Streeton¿s involvement in it.
Painting, Australian
American Artists Against War 1935 2010
by David McCarthy
This text should be of broad interest to both scholars and general readers."—Cécile Whiting, author of Pop L.A.: Art and the City in the 1960s "In this dauntingly ambitious yet highly accessible book, McCarthy has accomplished something ...
Author: David McCarthy
Publisher: Univ of California Press
Artists against war and fascism -- Doom -- End your silence -- A network of artist/activists -- Not in our name.
Art War and Revolution in France 1870 1871
by John Milner
En beskrivelse af franske kunstneres opfattelse af Frankrigs krig mod Preussen, Pariserkommunen og den nye franske republik, som det kommer til udtryk i deres kunst
Author: John Milner
During a brief and ferociously violent ten-month period between 1870 and 1871, the last Napoleonic empire was destroyed, France was plunged into a hopeless war with Prussia, Paris was besieged, and the Paris Commune revolted and was suppressed by a new Republic. This engrossing book surveys the responses made by artists to these cataclysmic events. John Milner investigates not only what the war and the Commune meant to the artists concerned but also how artists defined the character and nature of events and presented them to the public, thereby influencing their reception, interpretation, and impact. Milner explains the evolving positions of artists during that year. Under Napoleon III, artists received major commissions from patrons and were centrally involved in the image of empire. In wartime, artists called up for duty recorded the horrors of war and became politicized, some loyal to the emperor, others violently against. When the war was over, the uprising of the Paris Commune set the French against themselves. Some artists - in particular Gustave Courbet - declared themselves Communards and rejected the government, producing powerful canvases that portrayed the final slaughter that suppressed the Commune. A new image - of the Republic, of military defeat, and of the significance of the Commune - was needed, and fresh opportunities arose for artists who were able to redraw or reinterpret history.
by Instaread
On a larger scale, Resistance can mean that an artist abandons his or her profession, or denies his or her creative dreams… PLEASE NOTE: This is key takeaways and analysis of the book and NOT the original book.
Publisher: Instaread Summaries
The War of Art by Steven Pressfield | Summary & Analysis Preview: Steven Pressfield’s The War of Art: Break Through the Blocks and Win Your Inner Creative Battles is a book dedicated to helping writers and other artists overcome creative barriers and produce valuable and satisfying work. Pressfield discusses his own artistic struggles and uses examples of artists throughout history in order to inspire and guide other creators. The biggest barrier to artistic creation is Resistance. Resistance is a negative energy that intercedes whenever a person attempts to achieve a positive goal, such as painting a picture, exercising, or making a life change. Resistance is a combination of self-doubt, self-deception, fear of change, and fear of success. On a day-to-day basis, Resistance is expressed as procrastination, as when an artist cleans the house, gets a snack, or does anything rather than sit down to work. On a larger scale, Resistance can mean that an artist abandons his or her profession, or denies his or her creative dreams… PLEASE NOTE: This is key takeaways and analysis of the book and NOT the original book. Inside this Instaread Summary of Influence · Overview of the book · Important People · Key Takeaways · Analysis of Key Takeaways About the Author With Instaread, you can get the key takeaways, summary and analysis of a book in 15 minutes. We read every chapter, identify the key takeaways and analyze them for your convenience.
No Pasar n
by Stephen Hart
Some have preferred to call it the Anti - Fascist War . I make these observations
because the art of the Spanish Civil War - like the literature too - crosses many
frontiers . So does the politics behind it . I intend to look at the work of English ...
Author: Stephen Hart
Publisher: Tamesis
The six essays collected in this volume are a selection from a number of papers which were given at a one-day colloquium on 'Art, Literature and the Spanish Civil War' which was held in Westfield College on 18 July 1986, precisely fifty years to the day after Franco's military coup in the Canary Islands, which was destined to have such a decisive effect on the course of Spanish history. Though this date subsequently became a Francoist celebration - the so-called 'Dia del Alzamiento' (Day of the Uprising) - the papers collected here do not demonstrate a Francoist bias. The overall approach is intertextual and interdisciplinary, thereby stressing the international nature of the artistic response to the war. For the benefit of the English reader, all foreign quotations are followed by an English translation.
Child & Adolescent Mental Health
Medical Imaging in Clinical Trials
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Such Small Hands
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Johnny Lewis: the Biography
Slavery and Social Death
101 Healthy 30 Minute Meals
Hard Times: The First 40 Years
Stage Whispers
Frankly My Dear I Dont Give A Damn
Preppers Survival Guide
Bike with Your Dog - How to Stay Safe and Have Fun
Practice Book 5A
39 Clues Cahills vs Vespers: #4 Shatterproof
Smoker Recipes
Energy Efficient Smart Phones for 5G Networks
The Individualization of Chinese Society
Photographers Guide to the Sony Dsc-Rx10
Euchre Strategies
Region, Religion and Patronage
Cancer Informatics in the Post Genomic Era
Femtosecond Beam Science
Cleft Talk for Kids
El EC 01 - 12 Planeta
Bigfoot Film Journal
A Guide to Online Course Design
Ground Zero Mosque
An Introduction to Gravity Modification
Neon Genesis Evangelion, Vol. 9
Backyard Chicken Keeping In Australia
The Threshing Floor
Sunrise In The Sunrise Kingdom
The Dog Aggression Workbook
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Oxford United FC Quiz Book
The Midnight Witness
U. C. S., Unvocalized Corresponding Style
The Long Apprenticeship
The Motherless Oven
Alpha Male Erotic Romance
The Most Dangerous Moment of the War
The Story of Western Railroads
Im Not a Terrorist, But Ive Played One on TV
BeesKnees #4
Calligraphy & Hand Lettering Notepad
Damned for Their Difference
Greek Gold From Hellenistic Egypt
Hope Springs Eternal
Jesus the Healer
Techniques of Hypnotic Induction
Constructing Messapian Landscapes
The Cinderella Miracle
The Tithe Maps of England and Wales
Sports Nutrition for Young Athletes
Otto-Von-Guericke University Magdeburg
Mercedes AMG Gold Portfolio 1983-1999
The Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology
Frank: The True Story that Inspired the Movie
Boeing 707 Owners Workshop Manual
Theosophist Magazine (May 1961-December 1961)
The Spirit of Buddhist Meditation
Imray Chart Y42 Laminated
Cisco Firepower Threat Defense (FTD)
Morphological Theory and the Morphology of English
Public Television in the Digital Era
Surgery, (Paper I)
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ODY-C Volume 2: Sons of the Wolf
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Treating the Self
Dishonesty is the Second-Best Policy
Float Fishing and Spinning in the Nottingham Style
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Dating Books
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Boundaries: When to Say Yes, How to Say No to Take Control of Your Life
The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work
Light on Life: The Yoga Journey to Wholeness, Inner Peace, and Ultimate Freedom
Community & Public Health Nursing: Promoting the Public’s Health
Genius Foods: Become Smarter, Happier, and More Productive While Protecting Your Brain for Life
Data Analysis with Microsoft Excel
It IS About Islam: Exposing the Truth About ISIS, Al Qaeda, Iran, and the Caliphate
The Better Sex Guide: How to Enjoy and Maintain a Healthy Sex Life in a Loving Relationship – The Book for Modern Lovers Everywhere
Chakra Healing: A Beginner’s Guide to Self-Healing Techniques that Balance the Chakras
Think and Grow Rich by Napoleon Hill
Home/Medical Books/Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9e (Robbins Pathology) by Vinay Kumar MBBS MD FRCPath
Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9e (Robbins Pathology) by Vinay Kumar MBBS MD FRCPath
Dependable, current, and complete, Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th Edition is the perennially best-selling text that you’ll use long after your medical student days are behind you. A world-class author team headed by Drs. Vinay Kumar, Abul Abbas, and Jon Aster, delivers the latest, most essential pathology knowledge in a readable, interesting manner, ensuring optimal understanding of the latest basic science and clinical content. High-quality photographs and full-color illustrations highlight new information in molecular biology, disease classifications, new drugs and drug therapies, and much more.
Rely on uniquely authoritative and readable coverage, ideal for USMLE or specialty board preparation, as well as for course work.
Simplify your study with an outstanding full-color, highly user-friendly design.
Stay up to date with the latest information in molecular and genetic testing and mechanisms of disease.
Consult new Targeted Therapy boxes online that discuss drug therapy for specific diseases.
Gain a new perspective in key areas thanks to contributions from new authors at the top of their fields.
Student Consult eBook version included with purchase. Further your understanding with access to a wealth of interactive ancillaries on the Student Consult site, including pathology case studies and videos and self-assessment questions.
9e (Robbins Pathology) by Vinay Kumar MBBS MD FRCPath amazon free books free download books free download medical books free ebooks Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease
Strength Training Anatomy, 3rd Edition
How To Meditate: A Step-by-Step Guide to the Art and Science of Meditation
Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine
Medical Symptoms: A Visual Guide: The Easy Way to Identify Medical Problems
The Sixth Extinction An Unnatural History by Elizabeth Kolbert
Brain: The Complete Mind: How It Develops, How It Works, and How to Keep It Sharp
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[Prognostic factors of surgically treated spinal meningeomas and long-term surgical outcomes ]
CZIGLÉCZKI Gábor1,2, NÉMETH Fanni2, BERÉNYI György1,2, BANCZEROWSKI Péter1,2
[Introduction, the aim of article - The spinal meningeomas are one of the most common types of spinal tumors. In the treatment of spinal meningeomas, the surgical removal is the gold standard method. There are many factors that have impacts on surgical outcomes such as age, preoperative neurological condition, the extent of resection and histological grade. The aim of our article is to analyze surgical experiences, prognostic features and long-term surgical outcomes of spinal meningeomas. Patients and methods - Retrospective database of surgically treated patients with spinal meningeomas between 2008 and 2016 was made in the National Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, Budapest, Hungary. Demographic data, preoperative neurological symptoms, radiological discrepancies, pathological results (histology, grade), types of treatments and postoperative results were examined. All of our patients were followed clinically and radiologically in the postoperative courses. Results - All of the 153 patients were surgically treated. We have examined 112 women and 41 men. The average age of the patients was 65.5 years. In 98.7% of the cases, the postoperative control examinations (postoperative 6th week) showed a significant improvement in sensorial and motorial functions. The neurological improvements were evident right after the surgeries. In 2 cases (1.30%), no changes were observed in the preoperative symptoms. Recurrence was noticed in 4 cases (2.61%). Conclusion - According to our results, the spinal meningeomas can be sufficiently treated with early diagnosis and total surgical removal. Most of the patients become asymptomatic and the rate of recurrence is quite low.]
Országos Klinikai Idegtudományi Intézet, Budapest
Semmelweis Egyetem, Idegsebészeti Tanszék, Budapest
surgical treatmentprognosisspinal meningeomalong-term outcome
The yield of electroencephalography in syncope
NALBANTOGLU Mecbure, TAN Ozturk Ozlem
Introduction - Syncope is defined as a brief transient loss of consciousness due to cerebral hypoperfusion. Although the diagnosis of syncope is based on a thorough history and examination, electroencaphalography (EEG) is also an important investigational tool in the differential diagnosis in this group of patients. In this study we aimed to identify the diagnostic value of EEG in patients with syncope. Methods - We retrospectively examined EEG recordings of 288 patients with the diagnosis of syncope referred to the Cankiri State Hospital EEG laboratory, from January 2014 to January 2016. The EEG findings were classified into 6 groups as normal, epileptiform discharges (spike and sharp waves), generalized background slowing, focal slowing, hemispherical asymmetries, and low amplitude EEG tracing. The EEGs were separated according to gender and age. Results - Total of 288 patients were included in this study, 148 were females (51.4%) and 140 (48.6%) were males. Among all the EEG reports, 203 (70.5%) were normal, 8 of them (2.8%) showed generalized background slowing and 7 (2.4%) demonstrated focal slow waves. Epileptiform discharges occured among 13 patients (4.5%). Hemispherical asymmetries were detected in 10 patients (3.5%) and low amplitude EEG tracing in 47 patients (16.3%). There was no significant difference between age groups in EEG findings (p=0.3). Also no significant difference was detected in EEG results by gender (p=0.2). Discussion - Although the diagnosis of syncope, epilepsy and non-epileptic seizures is clinical diagnosis, EEG still remains additional method
[Sturge Weber type 3 presenting with occipital epileptic seizure: case report ]
SERİNDAĞ Cansu Helin, EREN Fulya, KARAHAN Gökçen Muazzez, GUL Gunay, SELCUK Hakan, KARA Batuhan, SOYSAL Aysun
[Sturge Weber syndrome is the third most common neurocutaneous syndrome after neurofibromatosis and tuberous sclerosis. Three distinct types were identified. Type 3 with leptomeningeal involvement alone is the rarest among other types. The reported case is a 21-years-old female patient without any known chronic disease. She admitted to the emergency department after visual symptoms and headache, followed by generalized tonic clonic seizure. EEG of the patient showed left occipital seizure activity. The contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed left occipital leptomeningeal angioma. Digital substraction angiography (DSA) revealed minimal blushed contrast enhancement on late venous phase and lack of superficial cortical veins. Her focal seizures were under control with levatiracetam and lacosamide treatment. The reported case is unique because of the late onset presentation with focal seizure without mental retardation.]
L-arginine pathway metabolites can discriminate paroxysmal from permanent atrial fibrillation in acute ischemic stroke
CSÉCSEI Péter, VÁRNAI Réka, NAGY Lajos, KÉKI Sándor, MOLNÁR Tihamér, ILLÉS Zsolt, FARKAS Nelli, SZAPÁRY László
Background - Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. We aimed to measure the L-arginine pathway metabolites as well as their ratios in patients with different types of AF or sinus rhythm and to explore the relationship among the markers and clinical variables in the subacute phase of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods - A total of 46 patients with AIS were prospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into three groups based on diagnosis of either sinus rhythm, paroxysmal or permanent AF. Plasma concentration of the L-arginine pathway metabolites were analyzed at post-stroke 24 hours in the three rhythm groups. Besides, clinical variables and laboratory data were recorded. Results - Asymmetric dimetylarginine (ADMA) was significantly higher in patients with permanent AF compared to sinus rhythm (p<0.001). Both ADMA (p<0.001) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) (p<0.002) at 24 hours were significantly higher among patients with permanent AF compared to those with paroxysmal AF. The L-arginine/SDMA (p<0.031) ratios at 24 hours were significantly higher among patients with sinus rhythm compared to those with permanent AF. ROC analysis also revealed that plasma SDMA cut-off level over 0.639 μmol/L discriminated permanent AF from paroxysmal AF or sinus rhythm with a 90.9% sensitivity and 77.1% specificity. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio also showed significantly higher value in individuals with both paroxysmal and permanent AF (p=0.029). Conclusions - Plasma level of SDMA could discriminate permanent from paroxysmal AF in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke. In addition, an increased neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio may suggest inflammatory process in the evolution of atrial fibrillation.
Incidental intracranial lipomas: Assessment of 163 patients
TÜRK Okan, YALDIZ Can
Intracranial lipomas (ILs) are rare congenital lesions which consist 0.1-0.5% of intracranial lesions. They are usually asymptomatic. Our serial of 163 patients is the largest IL serial in literature. Files of the patients who were diagnosed with IL at outpatient clinic of neurosurgery between 2009 and 2018 were screened retrospectively. A total of 163 patients were detected to have been diagnosed with IL according to radiologic findings between 2009 and 2018. Of the patients, 96 were female and 67 were male. Intracranial lipomas are self-limited, slowly growing benign lesions which do not cause a mass effect. We believe that the present study would be a main source due to the currently available insufficient number of studies in literature.
[Changing tendencies in retinal surgery]
MILIBÁK Tibor
[Retinal detachment, a disease caused by pathologic alteration of the vitreoretinal relationship, may decrease vision to blindness without treatment. Although some of the patients with retinal detachment become blind for the time being, last two decades produced significant improvement both in diagnosis and treatment. As a result of new surgical techniques we can perform successful surgery even in cases that were earlier inoperable. Recent methods are significantly less traumatic to the eye than they were 20 years ago. Dramatically reduced bedrest before and after surgery, regional or even topical anaesthesia instead of general anaesthesia, short term hospitalisation or one day surgery, short term restriction of physical activity after surgery are the most important consequences of the new wave of retinal detachment repair. According to recent recommendations of the prophylactic treatment of peripheral retinal lesions we treat only horse tears with sudden retinal complaints.]
[STATE-OF-THE-ART DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PITUITARY ADENOMAS SECRETING GROWTH HORMONE]
CZIRJÁK Sándor
[The history of the treatment of pituitary adenomas that cause acromegaly is as long as that of neurosurgery. While in the first half of the past century the aim of surgery was to save the patient's life, later the radical removal of the tumour was coupled with an effort to decrease complications, morbidity and mortality to the minimum. Today, beside all these, the complete sparing of the remaining hypophyseal substance and restoration of normal pituitary function are also important goals. The achievement of these goals is efficiently served by recent advances in microscopy, the minimally invasive methods of craniotomy, the availability of endoscopy in neurosurgery, three-dimensional computerguided neuronavigation, intraoperative colour Doppler sonography, as well as intraoperative real-time MRI. Recent developments in pharmacological research have created new promising conservative treatment modalities that supplement surgery, including somatostatin analogues and growth hormone receptor agonists. Also as supplementary treatment to surgery, occasionally replacing it, new radiosurgical methods, such as stereotaxic radiation, gamma knife, and heavy particle irradiation have gained grounds in neurosurgical practice.]
[The relevancy of measuring the level of D-dimer test in clinical practice]
PINCZÉS István, SPEER Gábor
[Plasma levels of D-dimer may rise in a number of pathological conditions, which might be relevant for diagnosis as well as for prognosis. Its concentration increases with age, perhaps because of the wide-spread co-morbidity. In this article we demonstrate the diagnostic role of Ddimer in the well-known thromboembolic diseases. Beyond that, we highlight the importance of measuring D-dimer levels in other, lesser-known conditions, about which important findings have been published, such as cardiovascular, inflammatory or malignant diseases. It seems that in these disorders - provided that appropriate clinical conditions are available -, measuring D-dimer levels might have a role not only in diagnosis but in the prognosis as well. Furthermore, our aim was to discourage inappropriate clinical practice. Ignoring to measure the D-dimer levels (for fear of it being high) might lead to diagnostic errors. On the other hand, routinely performing the D-dimer test without clinical consideration (in the hope of it being negative) might cause diagnostic confusion in case of unexpected positivity and - mostly because of false interpretation - lead to further, unnecessary examinations.]
[Prognosis and classification of hypertensive striatocapsular haemorrhages]
HORNYÁK Csilla, KOVÁCS Tibor, PAJOR Péter, SZIRMAI Imre
[Introduction - Nontraumatic intracerebral haemorrhage accounts for 10 to 15% of all cases of stroke. Patients and method - In our study hypertensive striatocapsular haemorrhages were divided into six types on the basis of arterial territories: posterolateral, lateral, posteromedial, middle, anterior and massive (where the origin of the hemorrhage can not be defined due to the extensive damage of the striatocapsular region) type. We analysed laboratory data, clinical presentations and risk factors as alcoholism, smoking and hypertension of 111 cases. The size of the hematoma, midline shift and severity of ventricular propagation were measured on the acute CT-scan. The effect on the 30-day clinical outcome of these parameters were examined Results and conclusion - According to our results, the most important risk factor of hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage was chronic alcoholism. Blood cholesterol, triglyceride levels and coagulation status had no effect on the prognosis, but high blood glucose levels Significantly worsen the clinical outcome. In our study, lateral striatocapsular haemorrhage was the most common while middle one was the least common type. The overall mortality is 42%, but differs by the type. The 30-day outcome significantly depends on the type of the haemorrhage, the initial level of consiousness, the size of the haematoma, the severity of ventricular propagation, the midline shift and the blood glucose levels. The clinical outcome proved to be the best in the anterior type, good in the posteromedial and lateral types. The prognosis of the massive type is poor. In our study, the classes and the mortality of the striatocapsular haemorrhages was different from the literature data. The higher mortality in our cohort could be due to the longer follow-up and the severe accompanying diseases of our patients.]
[The future in danger: a survey of the changes in the number of neurologists and a prognosis for 2010 in Hungary]
BERECZKI Dániel, CSIBA László, KOMOLY Sámuel, VÉCSEI László
[Lack of neurologists has become an obvious problem recently in Hungary, not only in small hospitals, but in major health care centers and also in university hospitals. With the current survey we set forth to estimate the number of board certified neurologists, and to evaluate the foreseeable changes in the next decade. In the beginning of 2010 there were 1310 physicians in Hungary with an official license to practice neurology. During 2009 neurological performance at least once during the year was claimed to the National Health Insurance Fund by 948 board certified neurologists. The number of those neurologists who are routinely involved in neurological patient care was estimated to be around 750. The lack of the young generation is characteristic for the age distribution of neurologists. In nine out of the 19 counties of Hungary the number of neurologists below the age of 35 is one or nil. In the ten-year period of 2000-2009 the annual mean number of new board certifications in neurology was 22. This number is much lower than that needed to replace those who get employed abroad and who leave the system for other reasons. The number of neurologists in the age range of 40-60 years will drop to 2/3 of the current number by 2020 even if emigration of neurologists will completely halt. If emigration will continue at the current rate and the number of those in neurological training will not increase considerably, then by 2020 only about 300 neurologists will have to cover neurological services throughout Hungary. As this number is insufficient for the task, and the tendency is clearly foreseeable, the health care government should urgently react to this situation to ensure an acceptable level of neurological services in the near future for the population of Hungary.]
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When it comes to enterprise imaging, having a 'vision' is the easy part
Health IT X-Ray
When Dr. Tarik Alkasab, service chief for informatics/IT and operations, went to the newly combined board of Massachusetts General Hospital and Partners Health a few years back with a plan to install enterprise imaging for the recently merged health system, the board’s first response was a bit of a surprise to him.
“You don’t already do this?” Alkasab said, to the amusement of the attending informatic experts at the 2019 SIIM conference. Combined, the two entities at the time were conducting nearly 1.5 million imaging studies a year. "After seeing the plan, they said we'll give you the money, but you have to do it now."
In addition to Partners Health, the largest health system in the state, informatics leaders from Duke University Medical Center and the University of Maryland Medical System also presented during the session, entitled Building the Right Team for Success in the Consolidate Enterprise.
Times Displayed: 235125
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Both Partner’s organizations had deep histories and cultures, and a belief that "the current way of doing things is the right way of doing things," recalled Alkasab. The first thing he said he had to manage was the anxiety of separate informatics staffs at the two hospitals. They had three immediate concerns:
1: Will I have a job?
2: Where will I report, sit, and get paid?
3: Where will the additional people come from to build and maintain an enterprise system?
All three speakers on the panel alluded to a critical point: C-suite executives in a merger expect that there will be efficiencies that will reduce staffing and budgets. The opposite is true in enterprise imaging.
Maintaining a bunch of small servers to move images around costs less than operating one large enterprise system. The challenge is not so much in technology factors, such as legacy systems and vendor selection, but in the human element and overarching culture.
“Enterprise [imaging system] is a heavy lift,” explained Michael Toland, PACS manager for the University of Maryland Medical System, which has 13 hospitals. He offered several tips for such an undertaking.
1: Take what was successful at the departmental level and scale it up to the enterprise level.
2: Take time to know your staff and what motivates them.
3: Understand the mission of the health system and help IT align with that strategic mission.
4: Create a culture of mentorship among the enterprise staff.
5: Use a team approach to accomplish large enterprise projects, as opposed to one person in a single site solving such challenges.
Dr. Christopher Roth, director of imaging informatics strategy at Duke University Medical Center, also emphasized people and culture. He said if the SIIM attendees remember nothing else, they should focus on three takeaways:
1: Build a proactive, problem-solving culture.
2: Pick the right people.
3: Make the responsibilities of those people clear.
"I want to know whether someone is going to fit into my culture — if they're go-getters," said Roth.
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Ski History Museum Collection
Eccles 2002 Olympic Winter Games
Intermountain Ski Hall of Fame
PSIA - I Hall of Fame
Interactive Library
Utah Ski History FAQs
Edgar B. Stern, Jr.
Induction Year:
Ski Pioneer
Edgar B. Stern Jr. (1922 - 2008)
Edgar Stern is an extraordinary visionary, and the ski industry—particularly in Utah—is the beneficiary. In 1971, with his usual foresight, he acquired 7,000 acres in Park City, Utah, that included what was then Treasure Mountain Resort (later Park City ski area), as well as other properties.
It was these other properties that eventually became Deer Valley Resort, where Edgar Stern realized his dream of combining the sport of skiing with the service, food and amenities of a fine hotel. Deer Valley Resort opened December 26, 1981. The business philosophy that has come to be known as the “Deer Valley Difference” includes such amenities as valet ski service, parking lot shuttles, on-site child care, complimentary ski check, immaculately groomed and uncrowded ski slopes, and the finest on-mountain cuisine to be found anywhere.
The readers of SKI magazine, in an annual survey, have consistently rated Deer Valley Resort #1 in the categories of ski-slope grooming, guest service and on-mountain food, and among the top 5 ski resorts in North America overall.
This recognition reached a zenith in 2001 when SKI magazine readers rated Deer Valley the #1 ski resort in North America overall for the first time. Deer Valley Resort also achieved exceptional worldwide recognition for its hosting of the 2002 Olympic Winter Games slalom, aerials and moguls events. The resort has also garnered consistent praise for its hosting of the FIS Freestyle World Cup for the past several years. Deer Valley Resort will again host the World Cup in 2006.
Numerous worthy organizations have been the beneficiaries of Edgar Stern’s time and resources, including Ballet West, the National Ability Center, Salt Lake Art Center, Utah Special Olympics, Utah Open Lands, Kimball Art Center, Guadalupe Schools, People’s Health Clinic and the Salt Lake Symphony.
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Primordial: Or Academia as a Smorgasbord of Carnage
written by Derek Sapienza November 26, 2014
Primordial: An Abstraction by D. Harlan Wilson
Anti-Oedipus Press, September 2014
Anti-Oedipus / Amazon
“This is only the beginning of the terror. Life at the University isn’t what it used to be.”
How could a back cover synopsis this intoxicating not be a winner? I picked up D. Harlan Wilson’s Primordial: An Abstraction on this alone, and was not disappointed. It’s a fiercely modern novel, an absurd, ultra-violent romp that exposes and lays waste to the Ivory Tower in an orgy of violence and absurdity, written with surgical precision. It’s terse and as dense as lead. It is deceptively simple, and an ugly delight.
The economy of Wilson’s prose is impressive. Like his protagonist, it is lean and muscular, and every word here is used for maximum effect. The angular text is further punctuated with the protagonist’s sobering existential truisms, like “Most of adult life is spent discovering the mystery of how very little you matter,” amidst the melee.
Wilson’s nameless protagonist has his doctorate revoked for pursuing “a toxic strain of theory,” and must start again from the beginning. He returns to the University to earn his degree back, but finds an isolated gulag closer to a prison or a madhouse than a place of higher learning:
Somebody attacks me at the front gate.
He reminds me of my dissertation advisor.
He is old and gray and sallow. And undeniably strong.
His bones converge into sharp angles and he looks more like an insect than an academic.
Upended on the grass, he hurls a large brick at my car and I swerve out of the way. He hurls another brick and I dodge it. He hurls one more brick and it lands on my windshield, splintering the glass like a broken equation.
I drive onto the grass and run over the old man.
The protagonist quickly asserts dominance like the biggest prisoner in the cellblock, terrorizing his roommates (mostly other professors stripped of their credentials), writers (portrayed as a gaggle of lemmings), and professors (portrayed as incompetent, unstable losers). And it is here at the University that Wilson has chosen to illustrate the death of the social contract.
Certainly, the protagonist’s regression to an animal is swift and brutal, but it mirrors the ongoing collapse at the University. The student body is more focused on shooting pornography on campus than on any other more academic pursuits, women are dehumanized and are referred to as “shawty,” and as the protagonist retreats further into himself, humanity all but disappears. As “the semester (un)folds like origami in flames,” both the protagonist and the University begin to decay. Time unfolds rapidly, semesters turn to years, then to decades, and the institution and physical buildings wither and decay as the protagonist turns into an old man.
Wilson’s University is an institution in bloody bacchanalian shambles. What’s left of the administration lives in opulence while the faculty and their families live in their offices like febrile tenement dwellers. The faculty is shellshocked and incompetent, and the administration is about as involved as an absentee slumlord. It is in this admin-faculty-student relationship that Primordial is at its funniest, an exchange between the protagonist and his witless professor over the policy on essay cover sheets is laugh out loud funny.
Smoldering at the crossroads of Franz Kafka, William Burroughs, Anthony Burgess and Henry Rollins, Primordial is Wilson’s academic id running wild. The bureaucracy, inaction, egos and faculty/admin disconnect are all amplified to the extreme and met with matching hostility. One can’t help but think many an old professor hasn’t fantasized about beating a colleague while screaming, “Fuck your book! Fuck your book! Fuck your book! Fuck your book!” after receiving yet another text to read. As someone who hated their time in academia, I think I got as much schadenfreude from reading Primordial as I suspect Wilson did in writing it.
Primordial: Or Academia as a Smorgasbord of Carnage was last modified: November 14th, 2014 by Derek Sapienza
booksCampus Battle Royale UltimateDissertation My FistIt's the little things like schadenfreudeOedipus - Pro or Against?
Derek Sapienza
Derek Sapienza is a freelancer in New York. His writing and photographs have appeared in No Tofu and Opening Ceremony.
My Salami Heart: Reflections on the Convergence of Art, Generosity, Success, Sex, and Law
Wednesday Entropy Roundup
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Notes for an Unfinished Essay on Barbara Browning’s Two Novels
becoming the virgin by taylor jacob pate
“What does the world hate more/than women/in public”: On Elaine Kahn and an Ode to Hannah Wilke
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Celebrity News February 23, 2007
Barbara Walters on Rosie: 'We Hope She'll Stay On'
Amidst ongoing rumors of tension on the set of "The View," Barbara Walters is setting the record straight about the hit morning show and one of its controversial co-hosts, Rosie O'Donnell.
"You can't do a show everyday with four people like us if we don't like each other," Walters insisted. "I don't know if Rosie is going to stay on when her contract is up. I'm not sure Rosie knows. We hope she will stay on."
Barbara also broke news about her Sunday night Oscar special.
At home with Ellen DeGeneres and girlfriend Portia de Rossi, Walters got the Oscar host to open up about her future.
"Ellen has never said this before to my knowledge, we asked her if she'd consider a late night show," Walters revealed.
Ellen's answer? "When my contract is up, we'll see where I am. I'd definitely consider that."
Barbara also sat down for a rare interview with Eddie Murphy, who feigned outrage when asked about his so-called career slump.
"A slump? I didn't have no damn slump," he told the legendary newswoman. "Let me tell you something Barbara Walters. People like 'Pluto Nash,' I met two or three. I know people that like 'Golden Child' too. This is an outrage on ABC."
And what happens when Barbara asks Oscar-nominated "Dreamgirl" Jennifer Hudson whether she'll thank Simon Cowell if she wins?
"I would probably thank 'American Idol' as a whole," Hudson revealed. "Not him, but 'American Idol.'"
#AwardsShows #CandidConfessions #CelebrityFeuds #RosieODonnell #TheView
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Rotterdam 5 ℃
XTRA Throwback Thursday: Baffling Belarus
Ryan Cobb Follow on Twitter July 6, 2017Last Updated: July 6, 2017
It’s Thursday, so that can only mean one thing: XTRA Throwback Thursday! In the upcoming weeks and months, we’ll take you on a journey through Europe and beyond, a journey through the history of the contest. This week, we’ll focus on Belarus who made their fifth Eurovision final appearance in Kyiv.
This week’s theme: Baffling Belarus
Belarus have indeed baffled us from time to time, with quirky selections for their Eurovision entries. Their debut entry, My Galileo, performed by Aleksandra and Konstantin was an unforgettable one. While neighbouring Russia are sometimes criticised for importing songs from Sweden with nothing Russian about their entry except for the performer, Belarus certainly avoid these criticisms. After all, you can’t get much more patriotic than a song titled I Love Belarus, can you? Actually, maybe you can…
NAVIBAND – STORY OF MY LIFE
Amazingly, up until this year, Belarusian entries had never contained a word of their very own language. After attempting to represent Belarus at Eurovision in previous years, Naviband returned to Eurofest in January. Their song, then titled Historyja majho žyccia, was an immediate fan favourite. There was a real chance that Belarus could finally send a song in their native language. However, in previous years, the voting in the Belarusian national selection has proved to turn up… unusual… results. When the televote results came in and Naviband placed only 5th, it seemed like the extremely likeable duo were doomed to failure once again.
In stepped the juries, awarding the duo their douze points! Once the points were combined, Naviband took the victory. Artem, Kseniya and their song were all extremely joyous, uplifting and likeable and this moment, for me, was one of the most feel-good stories of the 2017 Eurovision season. In the months leading up to the contest, they earned their status as fan favourites and no-one could deny how deserving they were of their qualification to the 2017 final. This will go down as one of the happiest performances of all-time, and while I don’t understand a single word, Artem and Kseniya’s personalities on stage tell us all we need to know! Therefore, it’s only right that for Belarus’ Throwback Thursday, we only have to go back two months to find their best entry ever: Story of My Life.
What the others had to say…
I love everything about Naviband and their Eurovision entry. I loved the song from the very first time I heard it, and still haven’t got bored of it in the two months since the duo took to the Kyiv stage. Incomparably catchy and genuine, it never fails to put a smile on my face. And the best thing about it is that the exact same can be said about Kseniya and Artem themselves. Every single interview before and during the contest was full of pure joy, as they embodied the positivity of their song and helped each other navigate the English language in the most adorable ways. Seriously, what’s not to love?
Matteo:
It is probably one of the best songs Belarus has ever sent, organic and well-written. It sounds less forced than some Swedish revamps and productions which are nonetheless great, but still a bit forced in the context. I loved it until the moment Artem started singing it live on stage! It was a car-crash though I still enjoyed it.
Riccardo:
This is one of my favourite entries ever from Belarus (head to head with 2015). I don’t understand a word of it but it is so catchy and uplifting that I want to join in singing even if I don’t know what I am saying! I like how the performance also utilises elements of Belarus on the LED screen. It almost looks like a tourist advertisement encouraging people to visit the country, and yes they do make me want to fly to Minsk! The two of them really have a powerful chemistry and really complement each other well on stage.
Next week it is le quatorze juillet when France celebrate their National Day. Therefore, our very own James will take you back to a French highlight of his.
But for now, let’s remember Belarus’ ‘Story of My Life’. What is your favourite Belarusian entry? Let us know below!
Our #ESC250 2020 votes – Part 12 – Tim
Our #ESC250 2020 votes – Part 11 – Lisa
Weekend Wrap-up: Your weekly news recap is here!
Our #ESC250 2020 votes – Part 10 – Costa
🎄 Christmas songs released by Eurovision and National Final artists (2020 Edition)
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Forbes magazine interviews Dr Konstantinos Stylianou
Research and expertise news Wednesday 16 December 2020
Dr Stylianou was asked by Forbes to answer questions on milestone antitrust cases brought by the US government against Google and Facebook.
Recent weeks have seen increased antitrust activity in the US, with the government suing Facebook and Google on monopolistic practices, and challenging the acquisition of Plaid, a fintech company, by Visa.
Associate Professor Konstantinos Stylianou was interviewed by Forbes magazine alongside four other antitrust experts from NYU, UC Irvine, UC Davis, and University of Georgia to get their views on these developments.
Professor Stylianou commented that “the activity in antitrust enforcement is certainly welcome and perhaps long overdue” but he fears that “it was all done sloppily, with unclear theories of harm, weak evidence, and unsuitable remedies”. On the controversial issue of whether WhatsApp and Instagram, two services that are owned by Facebook, should be divested from it, Professor Stylianou said that even though “breaking up companies can certainly be done” it is unclear in this particular case that consumers stand to gain since “Instagram and WhatsApp grew to be tremendously good and popular products in Facebook’s hands, and there is certainly no lack of competition in either social photo-sharing or messaging apps”.
See all Research and expertise news
Dr Mitchell Travis joins editorial board of Anthem Studies in Law Reform
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Professor Jose Miola appointed as joint Editor in Chief of the Medical Law Review
Research and expertise - Thursday 7 January 2021
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← This Week in Boston Baseballing, August 23 – 29
This Week in Boston Baseballing, September 6 – 12 →
This Week in Boston Baseballing, Aug. 30 – Sept. 5
Posted on September 6, 2013 | Leave a comment
Boston swept its three-game set against the Chicago White Sox last weekend and then took two of three from Detroit. The Sox capped off the week by handing the Yankees a demoralizing defeat in the first game of its four-game series in the Bronx. New York battled back from a 7-2 deficit to take a 8-7 lead before Mariano Rivera, who looks like he could pitch another 10 years, had a rare blown save.
Thanks to Tampa Bay’s struggles in Anaheim and Oakland, the Red Sox were able to increase their lead in the AL East to 6 ½ games. Boston’s lead over Detroit for the AL’s best record stands at three games. Despite the loss to Boston last night, the Yankees have seen their playoff odds increase 6.0 percentage points to 10% during the past week while Tampa’s West Coast slide has dropped its odds from about 86% to 74%, based on the Baseball Prospectus Playoff Odds page.
Boston Wins in 10 Innings In New York
The Red Sox appeared to be on their way to a fairly comfortable win Thursday night before the Yankees exploded for six runs in the 7th inning. If this game had been played a week ago, Boston may have lost. The Sox scratched out a run in the ninth off Rivera thanks to a two-out single from Mike Napoli, who was lifted for pinch-runner Quintin Berry, a speed-first guy who is a luxury that can only be afforded on a 40-man roster. Berry promptly stole second and moved to third after the throw short-hopped Captain Jetes and wound up in shallow left field.*
*Dennis Eckersley did his best John Madden in Super Bowl XXXVI impression by initially questioning why Berry would be stealing second base with two outs in the 9th inning. You can almost hear the instant NESN producers were in his ear and good old Eck quickly did the right thing by mentioning Dave Roberts.
The Yankees provided to final two blunders of the night: Alfonso Soriano insisted on stealing every base possible against Craig Breslow, leading to his pickoff trying to steal third with one out in the ninth. And with the game in the balance, Joe Girardi brought Joba Chamberlain in for the 10th inning. If Joe Girardi promises to continue using one of his worst relievers in high-leverage, late-innings spots, Boston fans ought to start routing for New York to sneak into the playoffs.
Boston Peppers the Fenway Stands During Eight-HR Night
The Sox hit dingers all over the park on Wednesday night. Daniel Nava’s two-run home run in the 6th inning, one of eight home runs hit by the team, chose a hefty fan’s face as its landing pad. Sure, this poor woman getting a face-full of beer thanks to the jackass sitting next to her got all the attention. But the fallout for this guy over the past couple of days has probably been a lot worse…
David Ortiz Collects His 2,000th Hit
Big Papi doubled off Al Alburquerque on Wednesday night during a 6th inning in which the Red Sox batted around and scored eight runs to turn the rubber game against Detroit into a blowout. Ortiz would later hit a homer in the 8th inning to pace the Red Sox’s 20-4 victory.
Boston Makes Some Roster Moves
During a season in which the Red Sox have remained relatively healthy as a team throughout, the September roster moves were exactly what a fan hopes for – marginal acquisitions and call-ups that add depth rather than address serious holes. The Red Sox acquired utility infielder John McDonald from Philadelphia in one of those “ depth” moves that probably spells doom if the player actually sees any at-bats in October. As part of September roster expansion, the Sox also recalled youngsters Rubby de la Rosa and Ryan Lavarnway. Matt Thornton and Brandon Snyder were also activated off the disabled list.
Lester Outduels Scherzer
Jon Lester faced off against Cy Young candidate Max Scherzer on Tuesday night and came away victorious, 2-1. Lester allowed one run, struck out nine batters and walked none while Scherzer walked three Red Sox and gave up two runs. The game will undoubtedly be pointed to later this month by advocates of Lester as Boston’s Game 1 playoff starter (if the Sox have the luxury to align the rotation). The whole decision could hinge on who has the best Angry Face on the team:
Buchholz Sets A Return Date?
Clay Buchholz made his last rehab start on Thursday night, throwing 71 pitches and striking out five batters in 3 2/3 innings. Clay could be back on the mound for Boston as soon as Tuesday night, assuming the Red Sox are keeping him on a relatively normal throwing schedule.
Theo Decides to Give Daniel Bard Another Whirl
Former Red Sox GM Theo Epstein claimed Daniel Bard off waivers Wednesday after Boston designated the embattled right-handed reliever for assignment.
USA Today Names A ‘Minor League Player of the Year’?
They do. And this year’s winner was Xander Bogaerts. Bogaerts joins some fairly lofty company – Andruw Jones (twice!), Jose Reyes, Prince Fielder and Josh Hamilton as well as former Red Sox Gabe Kapler (1998) and Josh Beckett (2001).
This entry was posted in Red Sox and tagged Clay Buchholz, David Ortiz, Jake Peavy, John Lackey, Jon Lester. Bookmark the permalink.
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India vs Australia: “Virat Kohli was always with us, even if…
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Home Health & Fitness Vegetable Superfoods for the Muscles
Vegetable Superfoods for the Muscles
There’s no scientific definition of a superfood, but most nutritionists consider the category to be superstar food that far exceeds basic nutritional content.
Kanishka Bothra
When you think of foods that build muscle there are a lot of superfoods for the muscles which can help in this process.
While your gym instructor may tell you that using supplements will help you in body building, experts believe otherwise.
Supplements available in the market may be helpful, but until you’re nourished internally, no foreign food will help you.
Hence, before buying them, it is important to first consume energy from natural resources.
Some of the superfoods for the muscles are,
Eggs: The Sunday breakfast should be made compulsory every day. Do not over do it. Stick to consuming 1-2 eggs.
See the difference in your energy levels. The protein content in every egg is 6 to 8 grams. Other than this, eggs are also rich in vitamins, zinc, iron and calcium.
Eggs are a good source of vitamin B12, riboflavin, and folic acid, which provide more energy for a prolonged workout.
Sweet potato: These orange tubers are a powerhouse of nutrients, from carbohydrates to minerals to antioxidants.
For starters, they have about 84 grams of carbs per cup, so they’ll keep you fueled during a long workout or replenish your energy stores after.
And since they’re low on the glycemic index, they can help prevent blood sugar spikes (and therefore weight gain).
“Sweet potatoes are also a good source of potassium, delivering about 14% of your daily value in one cup. Studies have shown that potassium plays a role in both muscle tissue repair and preventing muscle fatigue,” research says.
Chicken breast: It is the most worked muscle, hence it is also the healthiest. It is packed with 30 grams of protein in every 100 grams of chicken breast.
Consuming this every day for either lunch or dinner can make a huge difference.
Garbanzo beans (Chickpeas): “No one thinks about beans when it comes to exercise fuel, but for long-lasting energy, beans are excellent,” research says.
Garbanzo in particular packs roughly 9 grams of protein and 27 grams of carbs per half cup—a combination great for pre-workout fuel and post-workout muscle building.
These beans are also rich in iron, providing about 15% of your daily value.
Research has shown that insufficient iron supplies can reduce the oxygen transport capacity of your body, therefore decreasing performance and endurance.
Bananas: These are one of our best sources of potassium, which is an essential mineral for maintaining normal blood pressure and heart function.
The average banana contains approximately 450 mg of potassium and only 1 mg of sodium, making it the perfect fruit to fight high blood pressure and protect against atherosclerosis.
Along with helping to lower blood pressure, potassium prevents the weakening of the body’s bones.
The potassium found in bananas neutralizes the high amounts of sodium in one’s diet, thus allowing for healthy amounts of calcium to remain within the body.
Also Read: All You Need to Know About Health Benefits of Peanuts
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Service Center Profile – Eagle Creek Aviation: Four Decades in the Making
Rick Branch Eagle Creek Aviation
Spending almost 40 years successfully selling, servicing, and upgrading Twin Commanders isn’t coincidental. It takes a mix of knowledge, capabilities, and good customer relationships. These are keys to how Eagle Creek Aviation Services has been so integral to the Twin Commander community for so long.
Eagle Creek, based at Eagle Creek Airpark (KEYE) in Indianapolis, is the largest and most active Twin Commander service center in the world. Over the years the company has pioneered airframe, powerplant, and panel upgrades and STCs, sold countless airplanes, and serviced thousands more.
Eagle Creek was instrumental in developing Twin Commander Aircraft’s iconic Grand Renaissance conversion, and owner Matt Hagans wrote the STC on the Honeywell Dash-10T power upgrade. More recently Eagle Creek developed and has been upgrading panels with the Garmin G950 all-electronic panel suite, and avionics work remains a major component of its Twin Commander portfolio.
If a customer doesn’t opt for the full G950, the Garmin GTN 750 or GTN 650 is a good option for a navigator upgrade. And with the upcoming ADS-B mandate deadline on January 1, 2020, transponder work is keeping the shop busy. “There isn’t a common solution for the Commander, but many are opting for the Garmin transponder,” said Randy Morelock, Eagle Creek’s head of maintenance. From a simply one-off transponder upgrade to a full panel rework shows the range of expertise and capabilities at Eagle Creek. Morelock said the company can even design new panels with its in-house engineering staff, making Eagle Creek a one-stop facility for all avionics work.
With its history in Grand Renaissance conversions it’s clear Eagle Creek does extensive interior work as well. That capability is expanding even more with its new dedicated cabinet shop. The interior, panel, paint, and heavy maintenance programs all add together to complete Eagle Creek’s randome-to-tailcone Twin Commander refurbish program. Vice President Scott Dillon said they do all the major work packages on these airplanes, including a complete airframe refurbishment, as necessary.
Eagle Creek also installed the first set of five-blade composite MT propellers on the Twin Commander and have thus far completed five sets. It’s a program Dillon thinks has a lot of potential.
Aside from sales and upgrades, Eagle Creek has set itself apart with regular service. In addition to a $15 million inventory of parts at the Indianapolis comple, the company helps to administer a massive inventory of parts in conjunction with Twin Commander Aircraft. Eagle Creek has a team of six people on site now at Twin Commander Aircraft inventorying the collection. In some cases they are breaking down larger assemblies to find more specific sub-components that contain parts numbers that would otherwise be impossible to source. Eagle Creek’s extensive upgrade program means they also maintain an inventory of hard-to-find core equipment that’s been pulled from older airframes, including voltmeters, fuel flow transducers, and more.
Eagle Creek also supports aircraft outside its physical locations with a responsive mobile AOG team. Sometimes that will mean putting a technician and a part on an airplane and flying to the East or West coast. If the customer is in the Midwest they may dispatch their AOG truck with its parts and tooling. That’s a service normally offered only for large turbojet aircraft.
Dillon and Vice President Rick Branch said their 20-plus years at Eagle Creek is a typical tenure. They said there are floor mechanics with even more tenure. If there’s a complex question or problem, Dillon said, “We have a background of 15 guys to talk to who have seen and done everything.”
When you’ve been in the game for nearly 40 years you’re bound to make some friends and create solid customer relationships. Dillon said that many customers have been with them their entire 20-year run. Branch added, “Some of these airplanes we’ve resold four or six times over the years.”
Dillon had just returned from a trip hunting elk in Idaho with a customer. They flew in and out of remote strips with their trophy in the cabin. For Dillon it was a great example of the closeness of their customers and the capabilities of the airplane.
Eagle Creek has expanded far beyond its original Indianapolis location to include Indianapolis Executive Airport (KTYQ) and Franklin/Clinton County Airport (KFKR) that have been rebranded as First Wing Jet Centers.
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Wearing face masks is outpacing the spread of Covid-19
Covid deaths were still responsible for one of THREE deaths in England in the first week of January
Boris Johnson faces Tory's uprising over the "dictator" tactic as backlash over his plans grows
Boris Johnson faces a Tory revolt over the "dictator" tactic as his plans for a new fight against the coronavirus mount
Matt Hancock faced a host of hostile questions as he kept Parliament informed of the government's efforts to combat the virus pandemic
Sir Graham Brady: "The British people are not used to being treated like children."
Senior Tories asked whether further national lockdown measures were even necessary, given the huge differences in case numbers across the country
By Jason Grove Political Editor, Daily Mail
Released: 5:36 PM EDT, Sep 21, 2020 | Updated: 3:12 am EDT, Sep 22, 2020
BORIS Johnson had a Tory backlash last night over "authoritarian" plans for a new fight against Covid.
Amid growing signs of discomfort, Sir Graham Brady – the Tory Backbench Shop Steward – said he would lead a revolt next week against the coronavirus restrictions expanded.
And in the House of Commons, Health Secretary Matt Hancock faced a number of hostile questions from his own side as he kept Parliament informed of the government's efforts to combat the virus pandemic.
Seasoned MP Pauline Latham asked Mr. Hancock to "explain to the Prime Minister that we are actually living in a democracy, not a dictatorship". Sir Edward Leigh urged ministers to drop the "authoritarian" approach, saying the government looked "increasingly incompetent".
He said to Mr. Hancock, “The problem with authoritarianism is that it is inimitable for civil liberties. It's also increasingly incompetent. It's consent-based, and consent for bans is dying.
Do you see my point Boris Johnson was talking to Angela Rippon yesterday as part of World Salzheimer Day
“We should rely on encouraging people to take care of themselves, protect the vulnerable, and take responsibility for our own lives. That is the conservative way. “Sir Graham said he would force a vote in the House of Commons next week that would require ministers to seek parliamentary approval for further lockdown measures.
The chairman of the 1922 Tory Committee of Representatives said ministers were in the habit of governing by decree, adding: "The British people are not used to being treated like children."
Health Secretary Matt Hancock faced a host of hostile questions as he kept Parliament informed of the government's efforts to combat the virus pandemic
Sir Graham said the public deserved to know the criteria for bringing in – and ultimately canceling – what he called "really, quite extreme emergency forces."
He said a closer look at the so-called 'rule of six' would have left MPs to wonder why the limit was set at six rather than eight or ten and why children were being admitted in England rather than Wales or Scotland.
And he asked if the blocking strategy had worked, pointing to the situation in Sweden where such restrictions were not applied.
Downing Street turned down the proposal that the government would decide by decree. The Prime Minister's spokesman said MPs will have the opportunity to debate and vote next week on the expansion of coronavirus regulations.
Some high-ranking Tories questioned whether further national lockdown measures were even necessary given the huge differences in the number of cases across the country.
Former Tory leader Sir Iain Duncan Smith said: If we block the economy it will lead to more health problems and death than Covid is causing. "
It came when Mr Johnson met the Angela Rippon broadcaster on World Alzheimer's Day and pledged to support people with dementia during the pandemic.
Miss Rippon became an ambassador for the Alzheimer's Society after taking care of her mother Edna, who had dementia.
Charities have warned of the impact the lockdown and virus will have on those affected.
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EurasiaEUGermany
By Joaquin Flores Last updated Jul 11, 2019
BERLIN – Jul 10, 2019 – A journalist of the influential German newspaper Welt, Sven Felix Kelleroff, called for the demolition of the Victory Monument on the legendary Prokhorovsky Field in Russia.
Yesterday, Kellerhoff, who heads the department of modern history at the Welt, published an article entitled “Victory of the Red Army, which in fact was a defeat”.
Sven Felix Kellerhof. Illustration: welt.de
“In fact, this monument should be demolished immediately,” writes the journalist “historian.” – Recent studies, based on undoubtedly real photographs, confirm that Prokhorovka had neither a Soviet victory nor a mass tank battle at all. In fact, more than 200 tanks of the 29th Soviet Corps conducted a kamikaze attack, crowding in front of a narrow bridge and becoming an ideal target for two battalions of the 2nd SS Panzer Corps. ”
The “real photos,” which Kellerhof refers to, were discovered by the British historian Ben Wheatley at the National Archives in College Park, Maryland. According to the journalist, we are talking about aerial photography of the battlefield under Prokhorovka, made by the Luftwaffe. The Welt editor claims that during the first day of the battle the Wehrmacht destroyed 235 Soviet tanks, and the losses of the fascists amounted to only five tanks. On this basis, he believes that the monument at Prokhorovka, “perpetuating the triumph of the Red Army in the great tank battle in World War II” (quoted by Kellerhoff), must be dismantled.
This displays a terrifying level of incompetence from the German colleague, who on the basis of one combat day, draws conclusions about the “defeat of the Red Army”. Let us turn to the professional historian, Chair of the Scientific Department of the Russian Military Historical Society Yury Nikiforov :
“It seems that the main problem is that some authors, including historians, reduce the battle only to the counterattack of some forces of the 5th Guards Tank Army in the notorious“ tank field ”on July 12. It seems to me that this distorts the meaning of the events that took place and, moreover, it gives the groundwork for building a variety of “exposing” versions and interpretations. Hence the numerous speculations around the question of the success or failure of the actions of the Soviet troops and the like. ”
According to Nikiforov, the notorious landing of Anglo-American troops in Italy (as the German journalist Kelleroff advocates), and the transfer of Soviet troops to the counteroffensive forced them to stop the Nazi operation “Citadel” – including thanks to the courage and heroism of those who stopped the armored fist Wehrmacht near Prokhorovka.
Therefore, the monument on Prokhorovsky field is, first of all, a monument to the heroes of the Great Patriotic War, who at the cost of their lives stopped the Hitlerite armada near Kursk. After all, as stated in the order of Hitler’s war criminal, “the successful completion of the Citadel offensive should free up forces to carry out subsequent tasks, especially mobile units,” and the planned victory at Kursk “should be a torch for the whole world.”
It is also worth noting that the German journalist “historian” Sven Kellerhoff has repeatedly whitewashed the criminal Third Reich. In particular, he is the author of a book where the thesis is “about the preventive attack of Nazi Germany against the USSR” in order to protect itself against a potential threat from the Soviet Union.
German mediajournalismNazi GermanyrevisionismRussiaSoviet UnionUSSRWWII
Joaquin Flores 2138 posts 0 comments
Joaquin Flores is Editor-in-Chief of Fort Russ News, as well as the Director of the Belgrade based think-tank, the Center for Syncretic Studies. Educated at California State University, Los Angeles, in the field of International Relations, he previously served as Chief Negotiator and Internal Organizer in several jurisdictions for the SEIU labor union in California. Flores has twenty years experience in community, labor, and anti-war organizing. Flores has appeared regularly on Iran’s ‘PressTV’ and Russia’s ‘RT’ news to share his expert opinion and analysis on current geopolitical matters. As a Thought Leader, he has spoken publicly internationally at numerous forums, published in over 10 languages, his conceptual and ideological frameworks, approaches to branding and aesthetics have influenced others in his field.
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Best Mirrorless Cameras for Portraits
Like every Fujifilm APS-C D-SLR, the modified Fujifilm X-T2 achieves a level of image quality, ultra-sharpness, expanded depth-of-field control and excellent image quality few other manufacturers can match. The camera is an excellent choice if you want to shoot portraits, fashion or models. Fujifilm for sure made a name for itself in the mirrorless camera category, and the modern Fujifilm X-T2 won't be an exception. An incredible camera was presented on 2016-07-07. But it's still familiar, creative and up-to-date.
I found high-ISO RAW performance modern in shadow areas, especially when you push the exposure in post. Fujifilm X-T2 has a Fujifilm X lens mount, and currently, there are 41 high-quality glasses available and the legendary 56mm f1.2 isn't an exception. Confirm image capture and view menu options, histograms, video settings and more using the upgraded, innovative, easy 3-inch LCD screen with 100% coverage. This is a serious addition to the Fujifilm X-T2 easy 14.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Fast Priority Continuous mode, which is very useful for models. Lastly, Fujifilm X-T2 is integrated with short flange focal distance and use adapted glasses on this mirror-less camera is very easy. Overall, the remarkable Fujifilm X-T2 is a surprising pick in its price range for fashion and portraits photographers.
Sensor Size APS-C
Lens Mount Fujifilm X
Sony Alpha A7 II
The Sony Alpha A7 II by Sony is one of the best SLR-style mirrorless cameras money can buy. The is a superior choice if you want to shoot eye-popping portraits, fashion, and fascinating models photos. Sony certainly made a massive step for itself in the mirrorless camera photography, and the advanced Sony Alpha A7 II won't be interrupting that winning streak. Precise AF detection is critical to sharply render every pixel of the Sony Alpha A7 II massive 24 megapixels resolution count.
The ordinary camera has 90 DxO score, which is a very high and valuable rating. All thanks to impressive photos quality, comfortable grip, low-light capability and best 24 megapixels sensor and ISO 25,600. The comfortable body has a pleasing heft and a size that's great for landscapes, sports or nature shooting and even better for video, where extra weight helps with stability. The new display is a bit dimmer than its predecessor's, so it can be tricky to use in sunlight, even at maximum brightness. The large 24 megapixels Full frame-format () CMOS sensor can shoot low-noise photos with fascinating dynamic range, clarity, and precise color, even in challenging light. This is a serious upgrade to the Sony Alpha A7 II solid 5.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Speed Priority Continuous mode, which is very useful for models. Sony has a surprising number of adapters for many lenses at the time of writing this post, and you can mount nearly any camera lens you can think of. The advanced Sony Alpha A7 II is a superb image taking device and tool in the hands of the right photographer.
Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III
At the heart of the Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III, the company has selected a Four Thirds CMOS image sensor, with a resolution of 16 megapixels. The 16 megapixels images it can capture are among the best in its class, as is the available Micro 4/3 lens ecosystem. 100% viewfinder coverage is allowing you to see more of your shooting object in the fantastic Electronic viewfinder. With 121 focus points and a dedicated AF processor, the Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III delivers all of its 16 megapixels performance with Olympus lenses. As for wireless control and photos transfers, the Olympus camera comes with WiFi, making it relatively solid to sync your smartphone. Ironically, the small form factor, flippable screen, and video features should make the Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III perfect for run-and-gun shooting and vlogging.
The camera uses popular SD/SDHC/SDXC (UHS-I/II supported) memory cards. Compact, easy and you can buy in large quantity. For demanding professionals, the upgraded Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III responds very fast and precisely have the best focus and fascinating picture quality. The intuitive, marvelous and beautiful design makes device operation a thing of beauty. The solid body has a pleasing heft and a size that's great for commercial, portraits or macro shooting and even better for video, where extra weight helps with stability. Olympus cameras have numerousness lenses and astonishing accessories and a reasonable amount of grips available for them. Furthermore, this camera provides superb photo quality in a forward-looking body, thanks to its Four Thirds, 16 megapixels CMOS sensor and excellent lens. Besides, packed with the excellent array of Four Thirds popular Olympus lenses, the extraordinary versatile is capable of telling any story you can imagine. Still, like any product, it has a few faults, but the awesome Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III does everything very well and blows away all other cameras on the market. The new display is a bit dimmer than its predecessor's, so it can be tricky to use in sunlight, even at maximum brightness. Overall, the advanced Olympus OM-D E-M10 Mark III handles very nicely for such a and modern camera.
Sensor Size Four Thirds
Lens Mount Micro Four Thirds
Sony Alpha A7R II
Portraits, fashion or stunning photos for Instagram models, the Sony Alpha A7R II from Sony is the ultimate 42 megapixels Full frame-format camera for refined genius. While subjective, I think the progressive A7R II camera body design is innovative, beautiful and modern. The smooth controls are laid-out, with the buttons being of a nice size and comfortable to find by touch when you’re holding the grip. Sony cameras have many lenses and supreme customized cases and a large number of grips available for them. Furthermore, packed with the high-quality Full frame best-selling Sony lenses, the astonishing innovative is capable of telling any portraits story you can imagine. From low light indoor environments to the great outdoors in broad daylight, the superior Sony Alpha A7R II captures every fascinating, beautiful portrait in the best possible light. A very ultimate, innovative and refined model, equipped with a host of upgrades like ultra-sharpness, low-level noise, low-light capability and wide dynamic range, overall, Sony Alpha A7R II is a stellar camera. The powerful camera was presented on 2015-06-10. But it's still trendy, creative and up-to-date. The main update is from a 42 megapixels BSI-CMOS sensor and the use of the modified Image Processor to deliver supreme, more productive imagery in a variety of shooting situations.
The Sony Alpha A7R II -inch super-sharp LCD monitor automatically adjusts LCD brightness and visibility according to your environment. This is a noteworthy addition to the Sony Alpha A7R II easy to use 5.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Fast Priority Continuous mode, which is very useful for fashion. One of the valuable upgrades and reasons to switch to the Sony Alpha A7R II from lower-end models is the new autofocus system with a significant 399 detection points. Other vital bits of the camera includes a rich set of connectivity settings and intuitive controls. Ironically, the small form factor, flippable screen, and video features should make the Sony Alpha A7R II perfect for run-and-gun shooting and vlogging. By shooting video with the device, photographers, as well as filmmakers, can take advantage of the creative features native to remarkable cameras. Overall, from portraits to fashion, Instagram models to the wedding, the Sony Alpha A7R II come through, delivering expanded depth-of-field control, low-light capability, and the ability to enjoy the beautiful features of plenty of Sony E mount improved glass. Overall, from wildlife to macro, sports to the wedding, the Sony Alpha A7R II come through, delivering expanded depth-of-field control, low-light capability, and the ability to enjoy the beautiful features of plenty of Sony E mount improved glass.
The expected Canon EOS M6 finally arrived and made its debut on 2017-02-15, bringing with it a completely modified set of advanced specs compared to its predecessor. Of course, ISO 25,600 is good, but if we are more realistic, anything above ISO should be avoided. The 24 megapixels images it can capture are among the best in its class, as is the open lens ecosystem. Confirm photos capture and view menu options, histograms, video settings and more using the modified, ultimate, intuitive -inch LCD screen with n/a coverage. This is an important addition to the Canon EOS M6 intuitive 9.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Speed Priority Continuous mode, which is very useful for models. Magnesium alloy construction and environmental sealing make the camera as comfortable in the field as in the studio. The Canon uses SD/SDHC/SDXC card memory cards very popularly. Small, easy to use and you can buy in large quantity. Besides, it's worth noting that it comes with a cool selection of original accessories, which can expand its capabilities even further.
Even first-time DLSR owners will quickly feel at home - the camera's buttons are smartly laid out for comfort and easy control. Easy to use, the unusual and elegant design makes device operation a thing of beauty. And it works as expected. In the month I've spent shooting with the modified Canon EOS M6, I discovered quick and fast autofocus on subjects, moving or still, incredible features and wide dynamic range. The intuitive, stellar and innovative design makes camera operation a thing of beauty. For demanding professionals, the improved Canon EOS M6 responds very fast and precisely have excellent focus and marvelous picture quality. The new 24 megapixels CMOS sensor delivers very beautifully, pleasing colors. Colors are accurate and stunning without being oversaturated. For video, you can record MPEG-4, H.264 videos at 1920 x 1080 @ 60p / 35 Mbps, MP4, H.264, AAC. Overall, the powerful Canon EOS M6 handles very nicely for such an incredible camera.
Body Type Rangefinder-style mirrorless
Lens Mount Canon EF-M
Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85
Obviously, we don't expect a camera to perform as well as a $2000 camera, so we consider its cost when rendering a final verdict. If the images are going on the web, then ISO 25,600 is excellent, though even with noise reduction off, some details surely do get missed. Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85 has a Micro Four-Thirds lens mount, and currently, there are 92 high-quality native lenses made for this mount. The Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85 -inch super-sharp LCD monitor automatically adjusts LCD brightness and visibility according to your environment. Get stunning high-resolution images with high-speed continuous shooting up to 9.0 fps. A modified 49- point AF system with Unknown Cross Type AF sensors, versatile AF area modes, and fantastic AF detection in even the dimmest lighting deliver immediate, high-quality focus. The layout of the camera's controls is also fascinating. Furthermore, if you want to get superb, remarkable and surprising sports photos, then this camera is an excellent choice. The incredible Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85 is a fantastic camera and tool in the hands of the right photographer. If you already have an investment in another camera system, consider Panasonic Lumix DMC-G85 as a backup.
The Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark III ships from 2017-10-25. The new Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark III is able of capturing beautiful photos with extreme sensitivity of ISO 25,600, and should you want to? This is a remarkable addition to the Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark III easy to use 9.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Speed Priority Continuous mode, which is very useful for lifestyle. In my experience, the battery life, even with High-Performance mode enabled, seemed better than the rated battery life, but an extra battery is still a good idea. By shooting video with the device, photographers, as well as filmmakers, can take advantage of the creative features native to DSLR cameras. Precise AF detection is critical to sharply render every pixel of the Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark III massive 24 megapixels resolution count. Lastly, while it may look like just another Large sensor compact, Canon has packed a wide variety of features into the Canon PowerShot G1 X Mark III remarkable camera body. The solid body has a pleasing heft and a size that's great for sports, wedding or wildlife shooting and even better for video.
Body Type Large sensor compact
Max Aperture F2.8-5.6
Lens Mount fixed lens
The advantage of a mirrorless camera is that you can review your image as soon as you take it, and make adjustments to your metering mode or exposure as needed to alter the image to better match your artistic vision. Photography Blog wrote a tremendous SLR-style mirrorless that's the excellent choice for a lot of users and experience levels. The camera is a high-grade choice if you want to shoot detailed fashion, lifestyle and impressive portraits photos. First introduced on 2017-01-18, the personal Fujifilm imaging device is still up-to-date and full of upgrades. A wide ISO range helps the photographer shoot in any environmental challenge. From a clean ISO 200 to an excellent 12,800 (boosted to51200), the Fujifilm X-T20 provides minimal noise and maximum confidence. 100% viewfinder coverage was allowing you to see more of your image in the fantastic Electronic viewfinder. Confirm image shooting and view menu options, histograms, video settings and more using the upgraded, incredible, intuitive -inch LCD screen with 100% coverage.
This is a noteworthy upgrade to the Fujifilm X-T20 easy 14.0 fps continuous shooting via the use of Speed Continuous mode, which is very useful for lifestyle. An upgraded 325- point AF system with Unknown Cross Type AF sensors, outstanding AF area modes, and impressive AF detection in even the dimmest lighting deliver immediate, detailed focus. Other key bits of the camera includes a rich set of connectivity settings and intuitive controls. In my experience, the battery life, even with High-Performance mode enabled, seemed better than the rated battery life, but an extra battery is still a good idea. The camera uses favorite SD / SDHC / SDXC (UHS-II compatible) memory cards. Small, comfortable and available in large capacities. Furthermore, if you want to get stellar, beautiful and astonishing sports photos, then this camera is an excellent choice. Overall, image quality from the Fujifilm X-T20 is surprising, impressive and marvelous. The camera's improved higher megapixel sensor helps deliver not oversaturated images with sharp, detailed colors and tones across an ultimate ISO range. Naturally, it has all the new enhancements that we were waiting along with a few powerful niceties in a body that feels well made and solid in hand.
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Conferences and lectures
Language / spelling
Map of Savu
Megaliths
Religion and social organisation
Savu ceremonial textiles
Women’s sarongs
Men’s selimut
Children’s attire
Head-cloths
Sacred textiles
Tegida
Savu textiles at the beginning of the 21st century
Kain adati Sabu / Bunga Palem dari Sabu
Sarung adat perempuan
Selimut laki-laki Sabu
Kain pertama anak-anak
Iket kepala
Kain keramat
Tekstil Sabu pada awal abad ke 21
GenevièveDuggan
Research on Savu, eastern Indonesia
Review of Peter ten Hoopen’s
Ikat Textiles of the Indonesian Archipelago
(UMAG, 2018)
Ruth Barnes, Geneviève Duggan, Traude Gavin, Roy W. Hamilton, and Marie-Louise Nabholz-Kartaschoff,
with additional contributions by Tim G. Babcock and Sandra Niessen
© September 16, 2020
Two published reviews (Danerek & Danerek 2019; Buckley 2020) of the book Ikat Textiles of the Indonesian Archipelago by Peter ten Hoopen (2018) failed to adequately address a number of serious problems with this publication. The current review, co-authored by a group of five specialists in Indonesian textiles whose careers in the field span decades, focuses first on the issue of ten Hoopen’s shortage of appropriate scholarly citations. The review further considers his overstated belief that “nearly every motif stands for something” (2018:66) and his inclusion of many other personal musings unsubstantiated by adequate documentation. Ethical issues are examined, particularly with regard to the museum practice of hosting exhibitions based on single privately-held collections and to the publication of pseudo-scholarly catalogs authored by collectors about their own collections. A series of seven appendixes (including contributions by two additional scholars) is intended to counter damage to the existing body of literature potentially caused by the future proliferation of numerous errors found in the book.
The University Museum and Art Gallery (UMAG) at the University of Hong Kong presented the exhibition Fibres of Life: Ikat Textiles of the Indonesian Archipelago from September 15 to November 26, 2017. [1] The exhibition drew its materials exclusively from the Pusaka Collection, assembled and owned by the Dutch collector Peter ten Hoopen. In conjunction with the exhibition, UMAG published ten Hoopen’s 602-page book Ikat Textiles of the Indonesian Archipelago in November 2018.
Ten Hoopen’s book was reviewed by Stefan Danerek and Magnus Danerek in the November 2019 issue of Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Their largely favorable assessment discussed some of ten Hoopen’s main themes (the search for the meaning of motifs, the threatened or “disappearing” status of ikat in Indonesia, etc.) and noted that “[t]he style of writing has a personal flavor, certainly freer than in purely academic works” (Danerek and Danerek 2019:584). The Danereks also commented, “we wish there were more in-text references, making it easier to consult the source” (ibid).
A second review, written by Christopher D. Buckley, appeared in the January 2020 issue of the Hong Kong-based journal Textiles Asia. Buckley, a specialist in Asian weaving, expanded upon the Danereks’ criticism of the lack of citations for important ideas. Regarding ten Hoopen’s assertion that “nearly every motif stands for something” (p. 66), Buckley wrote “the author provides little evidence to substantiate it” (Buckley 2020:31). As for the Timorese hook-and-rhomb motif that ten Hoopen calls a “diagrammatic representation of a weaver’s genealogy” (p. 66), Buckley similarly found “no reference or supporting information” (ibid).
In the months since this second review was published, ten Hoopen’s book has gained a wider readership among the community of Southeast Asian textile scholars. The authors of the present review are all experienced field researchers in Southeast Asia who have published widely on the textiles of their chosen research areas. We have undertaken this review because we think there is a need for further discussion of the issues raised in the two previous reviews as well as several other concerns evoked by ten Hoopen’s book.
The Ikat Textiles of the Indonesian Archipelago is a well-produced book, with full-page illustrations of over two hundred textiles in the Pusaka Collection. Ten Hoopen mostly limits his collecting to older textiles made with handspun cotton and natural dyes, and the book showcases many striking examples. Some areas are represented by stronger selections than others. The assemblage of textiles from the Maluku region, in particular, is among the most extensive published to date and constitutes a significant contribution to the field.
Ten Hoopen draws upon a wide-ranging bibliography focused on the textiles of Insular Southeast Asia, using sources in English and Dutch. Given his professed regard for this vast body of previous work, the publisher’s claims that “no comparable reference work existed,” [2] and ten Hoopen’s own assertions that the book is the “first reference work to cover all of the archipelago” [3] are jarring. Such claims can only be maintained by artfully manipulating the description of the subject so as to exclude other books because they may also cover non-ikat cloths or because they define the geographic region somewhat differently. Ten Hoopen himself leaves out Mindanao, which is as much a part of the greater “Indonesian” archipelago culturally speaking (as he defines it) as are Sarawak or East Timor.
The truth is that increasing scholarly attention to Indonesian textiles can be traced back more than a century to the outstanding early study of ikat technique and design by Jasper and Pirngadie (1912) or, some thirty years later, to Alfred Bühler’s treatise on ikat techniques in the archipelago (1943). Marie Jeanne Adams’s System and Meaning in East Sumba Textile Design (1969) provided an early model for detailed anthropological field research with a textile focus in a single community. Our field of study reached a new level with the publication of three books in the United States in the late 1970s, each accompanying a museum exhibition: Mary Hunt Kahlenberg’s Textile Traditions of Indonesia (1977), Joseph Fischer’s Threads of Traditions (1979), and especially Mattiebelle Gittinger’s Splendid Symbols: Textiles and Tradition in Indonesia (1979)—the seminal publication that inspired an entire generation of new field researchers. From the 1980s onward a solid stream of in-depth studies has followed, based on field research in particular locales. Several substantial broad surveys have also been published, and although generally not based on firsthand field research, some of them are now classic works of reference.
For the past three decades, the field has purposefully been moving away from archipelago-wide surveys because covering such a broad territory makes it impossible to cover regional and local textile traditions in adequate detail. That is not to say that no room exists for another general survey that publishes previously unseen pieces, as ten Hoopen’s does. Nevertheless, the implication that this book is somehow a “first” will seem ludicrous to many who have devoted long careers to expanding a very well established field of research.
Despite his hyperbolic publicity claim, ten Hoopen is usually generous in recognizing the contributions of others (including most of the co-authors of this review). In each section of the book he names the most important “core literature,” often with words of praise. As nice as this is, it is unfortunately insufficient in terms of the standards of citation in academic publishing. Compare the following two passages, the first from Geneviève Duggan’s personal observations based on her close contact over many years with women on the island of Savu, the second from ten Hoopen:
For walking a long distance, the ei is pulled up to the knees to allow more freedom of movement. Before entering a hamlet it is pulled back to the ankles. (Duggan 2001:27)
For walking any distance, the sarong may be pulled up to the knees, but before entering a village it will be pulled down again to the ankles. (Ten Hoopen 2018:301)
Here is another pairing, the first by Roy Hamilton based on his original field research on Flores, published in 1994, and the second from ten Hoopen:
In Nagé villages, three types of women’s sarongs (hoba) were once produced. Hoba do’i were plain garments. Hoba niko nako had plain colored stripes, sometimes alternating with narrow bands of ikat dyed with indigo. Hoba pojo had broader ikat bands, sometimes in the form of a central field, alternating with bands of morinda-dyed yarns. Only hoba pojo are made today and they have become the characteristic Nagé woman’s garment. (Hamilton 1994a:111–13)
Traditionally, three types of textiles for women were produced: the plain hoba do’i, the hoba niki nado decorated with plain coloured stripes, sometimes alternated with narrow bands of ikat dyed with indigo, and the hoba pojo, with much broader bands of ikat in indigo and usually also a similarly decorated central field, alternating with bands in morinda red. This most visually attractive type has now become the characteristic Nagé attire for women. (Ten Hoopen 2018:213)
The similarity in these passages is too close to be coincidental: the same ideas, presented in the same order, often with identical wording. Although only ten Hoopen knows exactly how this transpired, it appears likely that he drew directly upon the work of Duggan and Hamilton, probably with their books open in front of him when he was writing, and took their material as his own. This is not acceptable. All he needed to do was to begin his paragraphs with the words “As observed by Duggan (2001:27)” or “According to Hamilton (1994a:111–13)” and he would have met appropriate citation standards. Mentioning the original works elsewhere in his text as “core literature” does not excuse this lapse. The co-authors of this review do not begrudge the sharing of material from our work, but ten Hoopen needs to attend to academic ethics.
In addition to using other scholars’ work without proper citation, ten Hoopen in some cases misunderstands what they have written, distorts their material, or uses it to draw conclusions the original work does not support. For example, he cites Derek Freeman (1981:40) to claim that “a freshly obtained head […] was of the essence” (p. 95) in Iban communities for performing the rites called gawai amat. What Freeman reported, however, is something that occurs in the narrative chanting of Iban bards, not in real life. As gawai amat are still held today, the implication is rather grotesque. In another example, ten Hoopen writes that the names of the female moieties of Savu, Hubi Ae and Hubi Iki, “mean Greater Stem and Lesser Stem” (p. 299). This contravenes the accepted terminology adopted by multiple scholars who have conducted research concerned with Savu and have long translated the term hubi as “blossom” or “flowers.” [4] Botanically speaking, the stem of a palm is the part commonly referred to as the “trunk,” while the hubi is a spadix or cluster of flowers (Broschat 2013:3). Thus “blossom” or “flowers” are the perfect choices for naming female descent lines, associated with the idea of reproduction. Ten Hoopen’s choice, “stem,” is linguistically incorrect and anthropologically inaccurate.
The “personal flavor” mentioned by the Danereks extends well beyond the issue of doing justice to his sources. Throughout the book ten Hoopen promotes numerous ideas and personal musings as if they are fact without, as Buckley noted, providing evidence to support them. Many of these involve the interpretation of motifs, a hot-button issue in recent debate in Southeast Asian textile studies. Buckley questioned the notion that every motif has a meaning or “stands for something,” an idea that ten Hoopen repeats over and over. This claim of ten Hoopen’s too is hyperbolic. Take, for example, the motifs in the end panels of Ende women’s skirt cloths. Any weaver in Ende can name them: metu (ant), teka (axe), géko (tail), wuzi (cowrie), and bué (bean); see Hamilton (1994b:125). These names do not reflect symbolic meanings. The named objects are not “totems,” and in fact the motifs do not even depict them. Such names are merely a convenience used to communicate, based on what the motifs have looked like to generations of weavers.
Since this discussion has recently become so fraught (for a review, see Hamilton 2016), it is helpful to refer to the comments of an independent source—someone perhaps more impartial because he is not writing with regard to Indonesian textiles and not addressing that particular audience. Polynesian barkcloth motifs are the subject of the following remarks by Nicholas Thomas, but they are broadly applicable:
Western audiences tend to bring to non-western art traditions the expectation that forms will be symbolic, and will bear traditional meanings. This is sometimes true but often also misleading. In the societies of the Pacific art was more commonly concerned with social effect. It did communicate, but not in the sense that it was a coded or graphic form of language-like information. (Thomas 2013:18)
In his website, ten Hoopen discusses what he calls the “fixed relationships between motifs and meaning.” [5] It seems to us, however, that “meaning” does not exist in a vacuum but rather requires actors (or “agents”), that is, people who participate in a system of thought by creating those meanings, holding them to be true, or passing them on to others. If most people in a society offer a consistent interpretation of a given motif, that is one thing; if, however, awareness of that interpretation is limited to initiated or perhaps self-appointed specialists in esoteric knowledge, that is another. When different people, even in a single community, offer contradictory interpretations (as they often do), that is yet a third possibility, and who are we to say that one of them is correct and one of them wrong? If the people who make the motif say it has no meaning, who are we to imply that they are ignorant? It matters where an interpretation comes from and who adheres to its tenets. Ten Hoopen is keenly aware of this debate, and one would think, therefore, that he would be extra careful to state plainly where the interpretations he offers come from and for whom they hold sway, but he rarely does so.
There is no question that some individual motifs (or more commonly in Indonesian contexts, larger patterns and the names that are given to them) are the bearers of deeply significant indigenously held interpretations. That is a very different matter from claiming “nearly every motif stands for something.” In a rebuttal to Buckley’s criticism on this subject (ten Hoopen 2020:30), ten Hoopen calls upon the widely acknowledged idea reflected in Brigitte Khan Majlis’s book title Woven Messages. Saying that textiles convey messages, however, is not at all the same as claiming that they constitute “a body of symbolic language” (p. 26).
There are many other areas where we contest ten Hoopen’s positions. For example, he compares vaguely similar Balinese, Ndao, and Kisar motifs and links these to Austronesian themes of rice culture and weaving (p.184). He similarly connects Mualang (Borneo) and Timorese anthropomorphic motifs (pp. 109–10), speculating on a shared iconography resulting from “early waves of immigrants,” and he claims that Dongson culture (1000 BCE–100 CE, in present-day Vietnam) “left many traces” on distant Alor (p. 387). He seems unaware that such diffusionist theories of the 1930s–1960s have long been superseded (for an overview, see Waterson 1990:18–23).
In the Borneo section, he draws on Michael Heppell’s rather bizarre characterization of the social function of weaving in Iban society as “sexual selection” (Heppell et al. 2005), stating that “[t]he design of [pua] is always symmetrical in order to reflect the preference humans have for symmetry in the features of their sexual mates,” and further that “weavers’ striving for competence in weaving is a display of intelligence intended to attract the opposite sex” (pp. 94–95). Ten Hoopen fails to mention, however, that Heppell’s hypothesis is highly disputed (Wadley 2006; Gavin 2008; King 2017).
Then there is the strange case of the supposed “virginity” of some Lamaholot textiles. Weavers in this region purposefully leave the warp yarns uncut when they take cloth off the loom if it is to be used later in bridewealth exchanges. Without offering any source, ten Hoopen claims that “the textile at this stage is considered ‘virginal’” (p. 83). Ruth Barnes, who has been conducting research with Lamaholot weavers for five decades, has never heard them mention any association whatsoever between uncut warps and “virginity.” A more complete discussion by Barnes can be found in Appendix A.
In some places ten Hoopen’s flights of “personal flavor” are so insensitive and judgmental that they become offensive. Regarding the people of the island of Nusa Penida, he writes “physical beauty and grace are hard to find” (p. 183). He calls Sikkanese weaving “arguably spiritually impoverished” (p. 223). On the other hand, he declares without a hint of irony or critical perspective that “[t]he Dayak were the world’s most perfect embodiment of the idea of the noble savage” (pp. 110–11). This is despite what he calls the continued “popularity” of the practice of headhunting (p. 568, n. 67), a notion that the modern citizens of Borneo would find demeaning and absurd.
Regarding Lembata, ten Hoopen says “there is a marked lack of sophistication” (p. 353). Is this a reference to the people of Lembata or to their textiles? It is not appropriate for either. The textiles are feats of sophistication and impressive evidence for applied mathematics. Regarding the people, since the 1930s, Lembata has provided many of the school teachers for the wider region. The village of Lamalera alone has produced a professor of linguistics at the University of Indonesia, a minister of the environment in the post-Suharto era (with a doctorate from Leuven University), a diplomat and scholar of Japanese who was stationed in Tokyo for many years, several doctors who trained in Germany, numerous priests who have had academic interests, and (infamously) the man who led the genocidal Indonesian invasion of East Timor.
In perhaps the oddest passages of all, he heaps scorn upon the Ngadha people of Flores. Their communities “offered a singularly depressing aspect” (p. 209). Their textiles are known for their “‘primitive’ appearance” (p. 211). The Ngadha and Keo languages are “strangely ‘bare,’ as if they are versions of Malay adopted by people who had difficulty learning it to its full degree of complexity” (ibid). To ten Hoopen, these supposed linguistic characteristics “reinforce the image of a people with limited development” (ibid). What does he mean here? Limited linguistic development? Limited cultural development? Either of these ideas would be anathema to any anthropologist, and they do not belong in a serious work of reference. Extensive linguistic and ethnographic reporting about the peoples of this part of Flores [6] plainly demonstrates the fallacy of ten Hoopen’s prejudicial opinions.
Beyond our objections to many of ten Hoopen’s positions, an additional problem is that the book contains a large number of factual errors. Certainly no author’s book is free of mistakes (including our own), but the errors here are so numerous and pervasive that it is not feasible to discuss them appropriately in the body of this review. Instead, we have provided a series of appendixes, which we have compiled with the goal of preventing some of these inaccuracies from entering the literature as fact.
At this point it may be useful to consider what larger lessons might be learned. A good place to start is with the problem of museums hosting exhibitions that consist entirely of objects drawn from a single, privately held collection. Many museums appear unable to resist doing this, presumably because it makes for easy and relatively inexpensive exhibition development or because they hope that a valuable collection might eventually come to them if they establish a working relationship with the collector. The public is generally not aware that this practice is loaded with conflicts of interest, which become additionally compounded if the museum allows the collector to write the catalog published in conjunction with the exhibition.
Many collectors become very knowledgeable about the material they collect. We would not dispute that Peter ten Hoopen fits this description. Scholarship, however, requires impartiality, and a collector cannot be impartial when writing about material that remains in his or her private ownership. Portions of ten Hoopen’s texts show an undisguised element of a collector’s pride, with claims that a particular cloth is finer, or older, or rarer than some other published example—assertions that may or may not strike the reader as plausible. The last few decades have seen a great proliferation of such owner-authored books. At first most of them were simply catalogs by dealers produced to promote the sale of their material. In recent years these productions have grown more lavish and seemingly more scholarly, to the point where it has become difficult for the public to tell them apart from works of impartial scholarship. Collectors who want to see their collections published should either engage academic or museum scholars to write about them or, better still, put the collection into public ownership at a museum and support the production of a publication as many generous donors have done.
Ten Hoopen’s texts are full of reminders that his approach to the subject is first and foremost as a collector, such as his assessment, regarding Borneo, that “[c]ollectible ikat is produced mainly by the Iban” (p. 91). Apparently collectability is a salient feature for him. He regularly uses other collectors as his leading sources of information. When discussing variety in Balinese geringsing cloths, for example, he ignores the work of Urs Ramseyer—the leading scholar in the field who has published detailed accounts [7] of the various types, with illustrations and their local names—and he cites instead a rather vague opinion of a fellow collector that there are “about thirty patterns” (p. 180). In the Borneo section (p. 92), he names two American dealers as his “best sources” of information regardless of the extensive scholarly literature on the subject. He goes on to mention (p. 95) reports that warriors sometimes slept under pua cloths with powerful patterns in order to receive omens in their dreams, but he credits this to personal communication from another collector rather than citing original sources. [8]
Although he tries to give the indigenous names for types of cloth, as is standard practice in material culture studies, he is often inconsistent. In some cases he mixes languages, as in the description “Lué jara of a type known as kain kudu [sic]” (p. 231). Lué jara is the Ngadha name for the cloth, but kain kuda is Indonesian and would not be used by Ngadha speakers among themselves. Rather, it is the way traders, dealers and collectors refer to the cloths. He claims bidang and kain kebat are “interchangeable” names for Iban women’s skirts (p. 98), yet bidang is not an indigenous term for “skirt.” Again, it is mainly western dealers and collectors who use it (Gavin 2003:171–72). In his description of “Sembiran weft ikats, usually narrow shawls” (p. 174), ten Hoopen repeats an erroneous geographic attribution that was perpetuated by dealers and collectors beginning in the 1970s. They did this to increase interest in the cloths by associating them with the village of Sembiran, which they inaccurately portrayed as a pure, uncorrupted Bali Aga community. In reality, Sembiran is a mixed-heritage settlement and, more importantly, the cloths are not from Sembiran at all (Nabholz-Kartaschoff 2008). Furthermore, they are not weft-ikat shawls; they are hip wrappers, primarily striped or checked and only rarely with minor ikat decoration. Even “sarong,” a term ten Hoopen uses throughout, is now regarded as problematic. The Indonesian is sarung, and it has very specific meanings. Borrowed into English as “sarong,” it is now so hopelessly corrupted by the fashion and film industries that it is often hard to tell what it means. People throughout Southeast Asia have their own local names for these garments and most scholars abandoned this word two decades ago.
Most troubling of all is ten Hoopen’s repeated use of the construct “full asli.” Asli is Indonesian, meaning original or authentic. This term only exists as some shabby kind of traders’ slang—akin to full-AC or full-musik, the words emblazoned on the front of buses in Indonesia to advertise the presence of such amenities. Ten Hoopen uses it with evident pride. An impartial scholar, rather than a collector/author enumerating his exploits in a book about his own collection, would not use this term in an uncritical manner. All of this we cite as evidence that owner-authored texts need to be approached with caution.
To conclude, while we have raised objections to many statements that appear in ten Hoopen’s book, there is no reason to doubt his commitment to his subject. According to his own website, he is now a doctoral candidate at the University of Leiden working on a thesis titled Ikat from Timor and Its Outer Islands: Insular or Interwoven? [9] Timor textiles are a fascinating subject badly in need of more research, so any genuine contributions he can make to the field will be very welcome. In the process of compiling a doctoral thesis, he will need to clarify, in ways that to our knowledge he has not done in his previous writing, exactly what the nature of his original research is and what his qualifications and methodologies are. He will also need to support his opinions with evidence and properly cite his sources. We hope his future writing will avoid some of the problems that have been discussed in this review. He cannot have it both ways— engaging in his flights of “personal flavor” while at the same time expecting his books to be taken seriously as works of reference.
[1] https://www.umag.hku.hk/en/exhibition_detail.php?id=3739620
[2] Book jacket, ten Hoopen (2018).
[3] https://ikat.us/index.php
[4] See Fox (1977); Kana (1978); Maxwell (1990); Kagiya (2010)
[5] Ten Hoopen, “Collection philosophy: beyond treasure,” https://ikat.us/ikat_philosophy.php
[6] See Arndt (1954, 1961); Djawanai (1983); Forth (1998); Molnar (2000); Smedal (2000, 2009); and others.
[7] Bühler et al. (1975); Ramseyer (1984, 2009).
[8] See Jensen (1974:122–23); Freeman (1975:284); Howell (1977:157).
[9] https://ikat.us/ikat_display_info.php?info=timor_totems_and_tokens
Ruth Barnes, D.Phil., is the Thomas Jaffe Curator of Indo-Pacific Art at Yale University Art Gallery.
Geneviève Duggan, Ph.D., is an anthropologist specialized in the history and culture of the island of Savu.
Traude Gavin, Ph.D., is an independent scholar with a focus on the ritual textiles of Iban and Iban-related groups in Borneo.
Roy W. Hamilton is the retired Senior Curator for Asian and Pacific Collections, Fowler Museum at UCLA.
Marie-Louise Nabholz-Kartaschoff, Ph.D, is the retired curator of the Department of Asian Textiles at the Museum der Kulturen Basel.
Tim G. Babcock, Ph.D., is an Indonesia-focused anthropologist and international development worker.
Sandra Niessen, PhD., is an anthropologist specialized in the textiles of the Batak of North Sumatra.
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As noted, the appendixes below have been composed by each of the named authors, based on their experience with a particular region of the Southeast Asian archipelago. Each appendix represents solely the view of that author. Readers are advised that not all errors in the book are cited or discussed.
Appendix A — Ruth Barnes
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Virginity in Indonesian Ikat” (pp. 82–85); “Lamaholot People” (pp. 340–43): “Adonara and Lembata” (pp. 350–55)
Peter ten Hoopen describes the most highly valued cloth found among the Lamaholot, a woman’s tubular skirt generally called a kewatek. It is woven with a continuous warp on a back-strap loom, as is common for many Indonesian textiles. It always incorporates ikat designs, and it is usually dyed red. It consists of two or three separate panels, which are then sewn together.
When the woven panel comes off the loom, a part of the warp remains open, as the heddle and shed sticks in the loom do not make it possible to complete the full circle. When the cloth is intended to be worn, these warp threads are cut and sewn together. If the cloth is to be used for bridewealth—presented by the bride’s clan at or following a wedding—however, the warp threads have to remain intact.
Here the author comes to some rather startling conclusions. First of all, he claims (p. 83): “While it remains uncut the cloth is in a special, intermediate state. The design has been brought from the spiritual world into the material [world].” This statement implies a complex transformation from the spiritual realm to the material reality of our world. What is the source of this information and who conveyed it to ten Hoopen? I have never heard this particular transformation articulated by any of my informants and weaver friends. I suspect they would find it rather strange. Unless it can be further substantiated, this is fantasy. Ten Hoopen’s interpretation, nonetheless, gets even more imaginative. He continues: “The textile at this stage is considered ‘virginal,’ like a young maiden not yet ready to enter the world of marriage.” Again, my question is: Who says so? Where does this information come from?
This is followed by a passage beginning with a quotation from my own research. I, however, find the deduction to which it leads the author both novel and startling. Ten Hoopen claims: “The idea of virginity is especially prevalent in parts of the archipelago inhabited by the Lamaholot people. According to Ruth Barnes… [t]he unwoven warp stands for the threads of kinship and descent that must be preserved.” This is indeed what I have been told repeatedly (Barnes 1989:17), but “kinship and descent” are quite different from virginity. Ten Hoopen goes on, “Other sources state that it [the continuous warp] stands for the virginity of the bride.” Who are these other sources? No reference is given. Instead the author admits “this may be apocryphal.” Despite this possibility (that the statement may not be based on firsthand information), ten Hoopen expands for the rest of the chapter on the theme of “virginity.”
In all the many years I have spent in Lamaholot communities and talked to weavers, no connection was ever made between virginity and the continuous warp. In fact, I have never heard anyone comment about virginity as having an association with textiles. It sounds to me as though this may be a comment Peter ten Hoopen heard from a Catholic priest or nun. I truly doubt that it was made by a weaver.
Throughout the book the author comments on the difficulties of finding explanations or in-depth information about patterns and designs. He states that this may be due to either a loss of knowledge, or the importance of keeping such matters secret. I cannot confirm this problem from my own field research. Even when weavers mentioned that they would not readily share information with other weavers, they generally wanted to make sure that the information I recorded was correct and extensive, as they take pride in their knowledge and skill. Of course, field research is a slow and time-consuming process, and one has to learn to listen, rather than ask all the questions.
According to ten Hoopen, “[t]he Lamaholot have a distinct system of ritual leadership where four ritual heads share the power.” This is true for East Flores but is not found throughout the region.
Ten Hoopen writes that other than my own work and that of Robert Barnes, “[t]here is scant other material on the Lamaholot.” This is untrue. See Barnes (2004:14–15) for numerous other sources, notably Paul Arndt, Stefan Dietrich, Karl-Heinz Kohl, and Penelope Graham.
Regarding Adonara, ten Hoopen claims “no researcher that we are aware of has embraced the island.” Robert Barnes lived in Witihama, East Adonara for fourteen months in 2000/2001 and has published numerous articles on the ethnography and history of the island. These appeared in accessible journals, e.g., Bijdragen tot de Taal- Land- en Volkenkunde, Anthropos, or Indonesia and the Malay World. Five of these contributions were recently republished (R. H. Barnes 2013).
Ten Hoopen says of Lembata ikat textiles that “precision is not their hallmark.” To the contrary, see Barnes (1994:191): “A good textile is judged by the clarity of outline, and the small, separate units (kenumak) that together make up the complete pattern are emphasized.… When Lamaholot women describe their ikat designs, they often refer to the size appropriate to each pattern.… It is this that is checked when the textiles are evaluated as potential bridewealth gifts, along with the skill displayed in the precision of outlines.” The Lembata textiles illustrated in the same chapter illustrate this appreciation of precision (Barnes 1994:figs. 8.13–17, 8.21–23), whereas most of the Lembata textiles in the Pusaka Collection do not meet this standard and are indeed imprecise in definition.
Ten Hoopen mentions Ernst Vatter, Alfred Bühler, and my own research on Lembata, and he places them in the 1920s, 1930s and 1990s, respectively. Bühler never visited Lembata (Kunz 2012). My own research in Lamalera began in 1979 and my Oxford DPhil was published in 1989.
Barnes, R. H.
2013 Excursions into Eastern Indonesia. Essays on History and Social Life. Yale Southeast Asia Studies Monograph 63. New Haven: Council on Southeast Asia Studies at Yale University.
Barnes, Ruth
1989 The Ikat Textiles of Lamalera: A Study of an Eastern Indonesian Weaving Tradition. Leiden: E. J. Brill.
1994 “East Flores Regency.” In Roy W. Hamilton (ed.), Gift of the Cotton Maiden: Textiles of Flores and the Solor Islands, 170–91. Fowler Museum of Cultural
2004 Ostindonesien im 20. Jahrhundert: Auf den Spuren der Sammlung Ernst Vatter. Frankfurt a.M.: Museum der Weltkulturen.
Kunz, Richard
2012 “The Timor, Rote, and Flores (Indonesia and East Timor) Expedition, 1935 / Alfred Bühler.” Expeditions: The World in a Suitcase. Newspaper for the exhibition The Museum der Kulturen Presents Four of its Expeditions. Museum der Kulturen Basel.
Appendix B — Traude Gavin
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Borneo” (pp. 88–131)
In ten Hoopen’s Borneo chapter the Saribas region of Sarawak is emphasized to such an extent that the upriver Iban (in the Ulu Ai, Katibas, Baleh, and so on) are not only marginalized but also disappear from the narrative of Iban weaving in Sarawak altogether. The following statements by ten Hoopen apply only to the Saribas: “Ikat weaving dropped off as headhunting was suppressed and practically stopped by the end of the World War” (p. 94); “Most weaving done by Dayak women these days is not to make the traditional blood-red pua kumbu, but rather songket shawls in the style of continental Malaysia” (p. 95); “Sarawak ikat reached its zenith in the 1930s” (p. 104); “The 1940s…largely ended ikat weaving in Sarawak. It was only in the second half of the 20th c. that a revival was under way” (p. 104).
Pp. 89, 91–92, 94, 102–3
“Tribe” was used by early writers of the nineteenth century; it is not a term used today in Sarawak, and with its undercurrent of “primitive,” it has no place here.
The “Sea-Dayaks” (or Iban) do not “live primarily in southwestern Sarawak and in Sabah,” as claimed by ten Hoopen; they live in Sarawak (about 750,000) and Kalimantan (about 14,000), with only a few thousand more recent Iban migrants in Sabah (Langub 2011:260; Soda 2011:151 n. 1).
Pp. 89, 91–92, 91–95, 98
Today, “Dayak” is the general term for the non-Muslim indigenous people of Borneo, not a term applied exclusively to the Iban, which is how ten Hoopen tends to use it.
The photograph should be credited as © Archives of the Royal Tropical Institute in Amsterdam; the photographer is M. Honda.
Initial migrations into what is now Sarawak occurred in the middle of the sixteenth century, not “[r]ather recently, probably no earlier than the 19th c.,” as stated by ten Hoopen.
Referring to Iban social organization as “pseudo-egalitarian” does not do justice to the cited source (Sather 2006).
Pp. 92–93, 568 n. 71
I have never claimed that “Dayak motifs, including human figures” are “merely decoration” and have “no deeper meaning.” Ten Hoopen erroneously attributes these opinions to me, citing in his note “Gavin 2003:239” where no such statement is found. See, for example, Gavin (1996:11) where I wrote, “This is not to say that Iban cloth patterns are without meaning, far from it.” For an in-depth analysis, see “An Experiment” in Gavin (2003:234–38). Ten Hoopen’s quotation reiterates Michael Heppell’s misrepresentation of my work (2014:150), which has also has been repeated verbatim by Ooi (2015:170) and Sellato (2016:166).
This page includes several basic errors. A pua cloth is not “a large wrap.” Pilih is not “embroidery;” it is a supplementary-weft weave. Ikat is not “locally called kumbu” (see below, p. 98). The nakar does not involve a mordant (see Gavin 2003:49f; Gavin 2013).
The piring ceremony is not a “gawai”; it is not “annual”; nor is it the “most important” ceremony. Rather, it is part of most ritual action and can be observed today (see Gavin 2003:27). No “slaughtered animals” are set out on pua cloths.
Ten Hoopen falsely claims that “all pua are high-status cloths.” Rather, beginners weave low-potency patterns, which are not “high-status cloths”; the entire ranking system of weaving is predicated on the fact that pua patterns are ranked from low to high status (see Gavin 2003:41).
According to ten Hoopen, “[i]n pua kumbu, the heads of spirit figures and crocodiles are often depicted in the same way, and in the longhouses human and crocodile skulls are often displayed intermingled.”
Compare this statement to Gavin (2003:304–5): “Some crocodile patterns feature heads that are identical to the hexagonal, spiral heads of the Nising [spirit] figure.… In this connection, Brooke Low (cited in Roth 1896, I:446) reported that the heads of crocodiles were hung up over the fireplace ‘side by side with the cluster of human heads.’”
The details pertaining to “heads of spirit figures and crocodiles” and “human and crocodile skulls” are very specific and to my knowledge have not been reported elsewhere, which makes it likely ten Hoopen borrowed this information from me. However, the appendix containing this passage (Gavin 2003:303–5) is an exploration of wide-ranging, at times far-fetched connections, clearly titled “a hypothesis.” This is repeated in my concluding remarks: “it is important to note that the above remains a speculative account.” Ten Hoopen turns these hypothetical explorations into fact and has “human and crocodile skulls” hanging in longhouses as a mat ter of course. I, for one, have never seen crocodile skulls displayed in an Iban longhouse, and Brooke Low’s statement remains the single such recorded incident.
The Sadong and Kanowit were never part of the former “2nd division,” as stated by ten Hoopen. The 2nd Division was renamed Sri Aman Division in 1984.
Contrary to ten Hoopen’s claim, dyeing with engkerebai is a straightforward process that does not require a pretreatment (nakar; see Gavin 2003:49).
The root word is kebat; ngebat is the active verb form—not the other way round as ten Hoopen has it. Kebat means “binding, wrapper” and is used to refer to ikat; kumbu means “cover” (as with a cloth or blanket), and when coupled with pua, it means “patterned by the ‘tie and dye’ process,” or ikat (Richards 1981:143–44, 170). But kumbu on its own does not mean “ikat” and is not used in that way.
Older Iban ikat skirts as a rule are dyed with morinda, not with the “less appreciated engkerebai.” Contrary to ten Hoopen’s statement, skirt patterns generally are more intricate— rather than “simpler”— than those of the larger pua cloths, precisely because of their smaller size.
James Brooke (not Charles Brooke) became the governor of Sarawak in 1841 (not in 1849).
The statement that Saribas Iban “could afford slaves” gives the false impression of a market where slaves could be purchased (see Pringle 1970:28 n. 2).
1996 The Women’s Warpath: Iban Ritual Fabrics from Borneo. Los Angeles: UCLA Fowler Museum of Cultural History.
2013 “The Ngar is not a mordant: Update.” Borneo Research Bulletin 44:302–3.
Heppell, Michael
2014 The Seductive Warp Thread: An Evolutionary History of Ibanic Weaving. Borneo Research Council Material Culture Series 1. Borneo Research Council.
Ooi, Keat Gin
2015 Review of “The Seductive Warp Thread: An Evolutionary History of Ibanic Weaving” by Michael Heppell. Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 88, pt. 2, (309): 168–71.
Langub, Jayl
2011 “The Iban of Merotai: Bejalai Narratives.” Borneo Research Bulletin 42:260–74.
Pringle, Robert
1970 Rajahs and Rebels: The Iban of Sarawak under Brooke Rule, 1841–1941. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Richards, A. J. N.
1981 An Iban-English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
Roth, Henry Ling
1896 The Natives of Sarawak and British North Borneo. London: Truslove and Hanson. Sather, Clifford
2006 [1996] “’All Threads Are White’: Iban Egalitarianism Reconsidered.” In James J. Fox and Clifford Sather (eds), Origins, Ancestry and Alliance: Explorations in Austronesian Ethnography, pp. 73–112. Canberra: The Australian National University.
Sellato, Bernard
2016 “Recent Material Culture Studies on Borneo.” Moussons 27:163–72.
Soda, Ryoji, and Logie Seman
2011 “Life Histories of Migrants: Bejalai Experiences of the Iban in Sabah, Malaysia.” Geographical Studies 86:132–52.
Appendix C — Sandra Niessen
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Sumatra and Bangka: Batak Region” (pp. 138–42, 156–62)
This chapter fails to enhance the study of ikat-dyed textiles from the Batak region. It does not summarize what is known, nor convey anything new, perceptive, important, or even clear or accurate about Batak ikat. The depicted textiles are not representative in any way, but rather an arbitrary assemblage.
The technical palette of Batak weaving is broader than just ikat, and for several of the Batak textiles referred to by the author (including ragidup, pinunsaan, sibolang, surisuri, and bolean), ikat patterning is optional. The author utilizes the concept of “ikat textiles” to refer to the Batak weaving tradition as a whole, and the reader is not given a sense of what is special, unique, or characteristic for ikat in Batak textiles.
According to the author, the island in the caldera “called Samosir,… has been held sacred for several generations.” This characterization lacks clarity with respect to what “sacred” means, to whom it is “sacred,” why it is “sacred,” and how that is relevant to ikat. According to Batak animist beliefs, all landscapes had sacred elements.
Ten Hoopen states, “[c]losest to the lake live the Toba Batak.” In fact, the Simalungun live on the east shore of the lake, and the people of Sitolu Huta, whether they are considered Karo (under the Dutch administration) or Dairi (under the Indonesian administration), live on the north shore of the lake.
The author makes use of the style region designations developed for my book Legacy in Cloth, Batak Textiles of Indonesia (2009; henceforth in this commentary: Legacy), but he does not acknowledge his source.
Ten Hoopen devotes a full paragraph to cannibalism, even though the Batak chapter on ikat is very short. Why was a discussion about cannibalism included? It comes across as sensationalist and Eurocentric, as well as irrelevant to the theme of ikat.
The author claims that rules guiding the exchange of cloth mostly no longer apply: “old rules have been forgotten, and are relics of a feudal system.” One wonders what “feudal system” the author is referring to. The Batak did not have a feudal system. Rules in gift exchange are indeed changing and some have been forgotten, but by and large, gift exchanges involving textiles continue to be indispensable to Batak ritual.
The author refers to the depiction of “crocodiles.” To my knowledge the Batak do not depict crocodiles, but rather ilik, “lizards.” These are commonly shown on Batak houses and in Batak texts. There are no crocodiles in the Batak area.
Ten Hoopen refers to “stipples” (gatip in Batak) as the foundational element of patterning, but no sources are given for this piece of information. I discovered that gatip are the primary building blocks of Batak ikat patterning, and the author’s claim is very likely taken from my research without proper citation.
Ten Hoopen’s caption to the photograph states that the ikat attire is being worn “during the Gale Gale ceremony, early 20th c.” In fact, the image is from a performance for tourists at the Simanindo Museum on Samosir Island. It was taken at an open-air museum event, an initiative of the Sidauruk family to showcase traditional Batak life for tourists who sit in the bleachers in front of a row of Batak houses while villagers enact re-creations of rituals. The first of these performances was held in 1971. The photograph is of three of the performers and was not taken during a ritual held in the early twentieth century as claimed by ten Hoopen.
The author consistently refers to Karo textiles as uwi. The correct word is uwis. Page 16 of Legacy is cited as the source (see n. 164 in the author’s text), but there it is written correctly as uwis. The error is rather basic because uwis is the general term used in Karo for ritual textiles, comparable to the general term ulos used in the Toba Batak language.
According to the author, “[t]he colours speak a symbolic language: black and dark indigo stand for the underworld and for eternity; red (used sparingly) for the middle world, the earth and bravery; white for the upper world, the realm of the spirits and purity.” He does not present a source for his conclusions about Batak color symbolism. I am not aware of this kind of one-on-one mapping of symbolism in the Batak area except in simplistic tourist literature.
Ten Hoopen claims that the pinunsaan is made in Silindung and on Samosir. In Legacy, I list the provenance as Toba Silindung and Toba Samosir, two style regions. Toba Samosir is explained to be both the island and the facing mainland with which the island is in close contact. In fact, the cloth is not made “on Samosir,” but on the shore of a facing bay called Muara.
Ten Hoopen states that “[t]he ulos pinunsaan in [his] collection is of a rare type not shown even in Niessen’s comprehensive catalogue of types….” The cloth he is referring to is not a pinunsaan, but a fairly representative example of a simpar of which there are four illustrations on pages 300 and 301 in Legacy.
The Toba word bolang is defined in Legacy (p. 177) with reference to Warneck (n.p.:85), who notes that it is a cognate of the Malay belang. Without citing a source, ten Hoopen writes about the cognate, and embroiders upon it with an irrelevant and contrived reference to a tiger’s spots.
Referring to Jasper and Pirngadie (1912:7), the author writes that, “[a]mong the Toba Batak she would call upon the spirit… while mixing the dye ingredients.” Jasper and Pirngadie note that the offering is made to the spirits when the dye ingredients are laid out, i.e., before the dye is made and before dyeing begins. The author adds that this offering is made to “preclude a fiasco.”
Dyeing is a sensitive, difficult, and precarious activity, and it frequently leads to failure, even for the best and most careful dye makers. To use the term “fiasco” in this context is hyperbole.
According to ten Hoopen, “in the mountainous interior of the Batak lands the ritual role of ikat is still, to a certain extent, kept alive.” It is not clear what the author is referring to as the “mountainous interior,” nor “the ritual role of ikat,” nor what, precisely, is being “kept alive.” In fact during the past ten years, there are few ikat makers left, and all of them work commercially. Almost all textiles currently made are for market sale for use in ritual and as clothing.
Ten Hoopen writes, “[w]e also see a regional shift, or rather a concentration of the weaving in one area. Since the mid-1900s, most of the weaving has been done by the Toba Batak, who will produce cloth in the Simalungun, Angkola or Karo style upon demand, primarily on mechanical looms in small factories using chemical dyes.” These two statements create several false impressions. There are concentrations of weaving, but not in any one area. For more than a century, the Toba Batak have been the most prolific weavers, and for just as long, Toba Batak weavers on Samosir have woven for Simalungun and Karo, and some continue to do so.
PC 057, p. 157
The statement “[b]ecause of their ritual importance ulos pinunsaan are rarely seen in western collections” is incorrect. I am not aware of Batak textiles having not been collected because of their ritual importance, and many pinunsaan are found in museum collections.
The author states that “[n]o other published example is known of an ulos pinunsaan with end panels across the entire width.” His identification of the textile is incorrect. This cloth is a simpar, and it is no more rare than any other handspun cloth from the Holbung/Uluan region. The technique deployed to add an end field can vary.
For the function of the Karo jongkit dulapuluh textile type, the author incorrectly gives the function of the Toba mangiring textile type.
The author writes that “gold thread may represent rattan,” without providing a source.
What is the source of the stated provenance “[p]robably Silalahi”?
The author describes the cloth as a “classical padang rusak type.” What is a “classical” Batak textile type, and what are its characteristics? To deserve a Batak design type name, the appearance of the cloth must conform to the basic design features characteristic of textiles with that name.
No source is quoted for the remark “white… stands for the forces of heaven, the realm of the spirits, with black.” The Batak were introduced to the word “heaven” through Christianity so it seems an improbable explanation for “traditional symbolism.”
According to the author, “there are two complex supplementary indigo weft patterns in the two ulu end fields.” It is not clear what he is referring to. No indigo-color supplementary wefts are visible in the illustration, only white and red/brown ones.
For the function of the surisuri, the author incorrectly gives the function of the sibolang.
Ten Hoopen claims that “[d]ue to minute distinctions between ulos, differentiated not just by design but also by intended use, and the great complexity of the adat, exact identification is not always possible.” To the contrary, exact identification of this textile is both clear and possible. The above elaboration reveals that the author does not understand the classification of Batak textiles. This is why he classifies the depicted textile as both a surisuri and a sibolang. The sibolang is a completely different textile type, without stripes. The cloth depicted here has ikat patterning called lima tuho, an ikat pattern that may be found in a variety of textiles, including the sibolang.
The author suggested that naming this cloth “mangiring jau” is appropriate because it is a superior specimen. The ikat patterning in the cloth is that of a mangiring na marpanganak; one would expect that for a book about ikat, the author would be alert to the nomenclature derived from the ikat features of the cloth. This is explained in Legacy on p. 307 and depicted three times on pp. 308 and 309.
Niessen, Sandra
2009 Legacy in Cloth: Batak Textiles of Indonesia. Leiden: KITLV.
Warneck, J.
N.p. Tobabatak-Nederlands woordenboek. Dutch translation of J. Warneck, Tobabataksch-deutsches Wörterbuch, 1906.
Appendix D — Marie-Louise Nabholz-Kartaschoff
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Bali” (pp.174–93)
Compared to other chapters, the one on Bali is relatively brief and does not do justice to Bali’s admirable and rich ikat textile culture nor to the extensive research on this topic. To some extent, this may be because ten Hoopen’s Pusaka Collection does not include many Balinese textiles. It is unfortunate that he does not write more extensively about the use of these interesting textiles as described in detail by several authors.
Ten Hoopen mentions “[s]acred cotton weft ikat bebali,” but bebali never include the weft-ikat technique. Usually they are striped or checked; very few have narrow supplementary-weft stripes (see Hauser-Schäublin et al. 1991:58–72).
According to the author, “[t]he modern period began around 1900, when classes other than the nobility, especially the trading class, began to claim the right to wear endek.” As a matter of fact, changes started later in the 1930s (Hauser-Schäublin et al. 1991:15, 17).
Pp. 178–80
The short section on geringsing double-ikat cloths is the most underdeveloped passage of the whole chapter. One reason for this might be that the Pusaka Collection includes only three not very significant examples. This is all the more regrettable as the author himself appreciates geringsing as “keenly sought by museums and collectors.” He could have bridged his gap in knowledge by studying the prolific and thorough works of Urs Ramseyer (1984, 2009) instead of basing his judgment on statements from “one of the world’s most passionate and knowledgeable collectors.”
The embroidery in the end sections of some geringsing used in royal courts outside Tenganan is not done in silk, but with coarse and rather brittle ramie yarns.
Pp. 179, 180, 193
Careless mistakes led to several misspellings of local names like teruna nyoman (not teruna nyoma), patelikur (not pat likur isi), lubeng (not lobeng), or incorrect interpretations of terms such as sanggar (which is in fact not a “house temple,” but a shrine).
Ten Hoopen provides no evidence or citation for his statement that “geringsing lubeng [is] an ancient motif also found on Java and Sumba, most likely copied from textiles originating in Taiwan or southern China, Liao period (10-11th c.).”
Ten Hoopen writes that “[t]he most highly regarded kamben cepuk are made not on Bali itself, but on the small offshore island of Nusa Penida.” Nusa Penida cepuk cloths are not the “most highly regarded” ones. Priests, for instance, appreciate much more the cepuk from Tabanan or Bulèlèng.
“Kamben cepuk have also been made in parts of Bali, for instance in Amlapura (the former Karangasem), Tabanan and Gyaniar,” according to ten Hoopen. Amlapura is not “the former Karangasem,” but rather the capital of Karangasem Regency, and to my knowledge it was never a center of cepuk production.
P. 183 ill. and p. 184
The depicted figures do not represent Dewi Sri but show the cili motif, a symbol of wealth and fertility, with the characteristic fan-shaped headdress (see Ramseyer 2002 for illustrations and explanations).
The author’s description of the illustrated textile as “[m]ade in a predominantly Muslim region of the Buleleng Regency, most likely Singaraja” is incorrect. In the 1990s, the Muslim population of Bulèlèng came to only 8 percent (Barth 1993:178), and in 2019, no district in Bulèlèng was predominantly Muslim (Kabupaten Buleleng 2019:217). To my knowledge all endek weavers were Hindu Balinese, and they also were the people who used these textiles.
To imply that the use of “ikat lozenges…created, simply by the crossing of diagonals” is in any way particular to Islamic weavers in Southeast Asia is debatable. Furthermore, the design style of the borders is typical for Hindu-Balinese songkèt cloths, and the pattern of the central ikat field is strongly reminiscent of patola from Gujarat, exported to Indonesia and particularly to Bali and Java.
The claim that the deep red of Nusa Penida cepuk cloths “was achieved by the addition to the dye of sirih (betel) juice” is nonsense. According to natural dye chemists, adding sirih spit to a dye bath would produce no lasting dye reaction (Prof. Regina Hofmann-de Keijzer, pers. com.). Regarding Bali, ten Hoopen provides only dubious references to the unnamed “Bali-based dealer who sold it” and to “two anonymous sources, one on Nusa Penida and the other on Bali” (p. 567, n. 29). He also makes a reference to Geneviève Duggan’s work on Savu, but he has misinterpreted her writing. Duggan wrote that “a good spit of red saliva resulting from betel chewing is still added to the morinda dye” (2001:24). This comes at the end of a paragraph about mythology and beliefs related to dyes. In other words, the saliva is added to the dye bath for reasons related to the honoring of ancestors rather than to dye chemistry. This is why Duggan wrote “still added” (pers. com.). In sum, the addition of sirih to a red dye bath is most likely an example of the “imitative” or “sympathetic magic” discussed in early anthropology.
The motif of the illustrated kamben cepuk cendana kawi is indeed “patola-inspired.” It should not, however, be compared with jilamprang, which is a Javanese term for the same motif on batiks, but with the original Indian patola pattern chhabadi bhat meaning “basket-design” (Bühler and Fischer 1979, I:106, 290f.; II, col.pl. XVIII, pl. 47).
The “nearly identical cepuk” mentioned by ten Hoopen (Hauser-Schäublin et al. 1991:fig. 8.12) is of a totally different type called kamben cepuk tangkariga, named after a species of coral (see Nabholz-Kartaschoff 1989:189, fig. 17). The other “similar cepuk” he refers to (Gittinger 1979:fig. 106) is also quite different; it is a kamben cepuk padang angket (named after a grass species) with a design derived from the Indian patola motif tran ful bhat (see Nabholz-Kartaschoff 1989:190–91, figs. 22–23, 25).
The claim that “the Bali Aga descended from nobles of the East-Javanese Majapahit empire” contradicts the author’s own assertion on p. 178: “Bali Aga, believed to have originated from the pre-Majapahit Bali kingdom of Pejeng, and to have settled in Tenganan before the occupation of Bali by the Hindu Javanese who fled in the 15th c. as the Majapahit Empire collapsed under Muslim pressure.”
Neither sources nor detailed information are given regarding the hypothesis that “[t]he original source of the motifs most likely is much older than the Majapahit period, as it is also seen on a fragment of a Liao (11th c.) textile from Taiwan or Southeast China.”
Barth, Fredrik
1993 Balinese Worlds. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Bühler, Alfred, and Eberhard Fischer
Bühler, Alfred, and Eberhard Fischer
1979 The Patola of Gujarat. Basel: Krebs.
Hauser-Schäublin, Brigitta, Marie-Louise Nabholz-Kartaschoff, and Urs Ramseyer
1991 Textiles in Bali. Berkeley and Singapore: Periplus Editions.
2019 Kabupaten Buleleng dalam Angka 2019. Singaraja: Badan Pusat Statistik. Kabupaten Buleleng.
1989 “A Sacred Cloth of Rangda: Kamben Cepuk of Bali and Nusa Penida.” In Mattiebelle Gittinger (ed.), To Speak with Cloth: Studies in Indonesian Textiles, 181–97. Los Angeles: Museum of Cultural History, University of California.
2002 The Art and Culture of Bali. Basel: Museum der Kulturen Basel and Schwabe & Co. AG.
Appendix E — Roy W. Hamilton
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Flores” (pp. 206–59) and “Timor” (pp. 386–441)
The Nagé Keo cultural area is no longer part of Ngada Regency. A separate regency named Nagekeo was established in 2007.
The correct term is mité méré, not mita méré (Hamilton 1994b:124).
P. 215, also PC 238, PC 239 & PC 246 pp. 235–37
Ten Hoopen has used the Lio name, luka semba, to identify Endenese men’s ceremonial shoulder cloths. The Endenese cognate of luka is zuka, but in Ende a zuka is a man’s tubular hip-wrap cloth, not a shoulder cloth. Endenese shoulder cloths normally are referred to simply as semba.
The correct name is Onelako, not Onelaku. Since my publication (1994b), the area has been subdivided into newly named villages (desa). The official desa names have always been less widely used than the general term for the area, Ndona. Semba are not blankets; they are ceremonial shoulder cloths.
Ten Hoopen states that “[t]his particular type of sarong is known as lawo keto jara or sapu jara,” but the depicted garment is a woman’s while a sapu is a man’s garment.
The depicted garment is a shoulder cloth, not a “blanket.”
The woman’s skirt illustrated here, described by ten Hoopen as a “classical Ende zawo manga,” is not a zawo mangga at all but actually a zawo ngéra (see Hamilton 1994b:131–32). In zawo mangga, all of the main pattern bands are dyed only with indigo. In this skirt the weaver has combined surplus pattern bands from the making of other skirts, the defining characteristic of a zawo ngéra. A zawo mangga would not have the morinda-dyed pattern bands with the horse motif.
I have never heard any person in Ndona liken the motifs to “linked genealogical figures.” Any weaver I have ever asked has said that the pattern does not have a meaning.
Many Topasses had no mixed Portuguese blood, but were purely indigenous people who assimilated to Portuguese mestizo culture (Hägerdal 2012:135).
Ten Hoopen states that most East Timorese are fluent in Portuguese, but this is an exaggeration. While estimates vary widely, a 2002 U.N. report found that only 5 percent of the population spoke Portuguese (Mydans 2007). The most widely used common language is an urbanized/creolized version of the Tetun language called Tetun Dili or Tetum Praça.
P. 389, photo caption
The hip wrapper worn by the man second to left, which ten Hoopen praises as “very fine ikat work,” is not an ikat cloth at all. It was made with the characteristic technique of Boti village, a warp-faced alternating float weave (Hamilton 2014:42). The stippled appearance in the last couple of inches of the pattern band before the fringe is the diagnostic give-away, uniquely produced by this technique.
P. 392–93
The cloth in photo number 4 is not an example of Yeager and Jacobson’s Type 4, which they describe as Belu-style cloths with side design stripes (2002:89). It is instead another example of their Type 5, like the one in ten Hoopen’s photo number 5. Correct Type 4 cloths can be seen in Yeager and Jacobson (2002: pl. 224), Hamilton and Taromi (2014:fig. 7.34), and in ten Hoopen’s own 2019 book (Catalog 58, PC 224).
This cloth might possibly have been purchased in Niki-Niki, but it is not from there. It is almost certainly from the area around Manlea and Uaba’u in Malaka Regency. In his Timor book of 2019 (p. 168, cat. 57) ten Hoopen corrects this error and places the cloth generally in the right part of Timor, but the makers of the cloth are Atoin Meto people, not “Belu people” as he states there. Belu is a place name rather than an ethnic designation, and it no longer includes the area where this cloth was made although it formerly did. The district (kecamatan) named Malaka Timur has shifted around the map over time, and Manlea and Uaba’u are not currently part of it.
The decorative technique in the side panels is discontinuous supplementary weft, not supplementary warp.
The makers are Atoin Meto people, not Tetun.
The description of the technique makes more sense without the confusing parenthetic addition “one weft double weave.” Double weave is the name of a complex weave structure not found in Timor.
Hägerdal, Hans
2012 Lords of the Land, Lords of the Sea: Conflict an Adaptation in Early Colonial Times, 1600–1800. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, no. 273. Leiden: KITLV Press.
2014 “Textile Style Areas in Timor,” In Roy W. Hamilton and Joanna Barrkman (eds.), Textiles of Timor: Island in the Woven Sea, 136–65. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum at UCLA.
Hamilton, Roy W., and Yohannes Nahak Taromi
2014 “Malaka Regency: Cloth of the Plain, Cloth of the Hills,” In Roy W. Hamilton and Joanna Barrkman (eds.), Textiles of Timor: Island in the Woven Sea, 38–87. Los Angeles: Fowler Museum at UCLA.
Mydans, Seth
2007 “A New Country’s Tough Non-Elective: Portuguese 101.” The New York Times July 31, 2007.
Ten Hoopen, Peter (ed.)
2019 Timor: Totems and Tokens. Lisbon: Fundação Oriente Museu.
Yeager, Ruth Marie, and Mark Ivan Jacobson
2002 Textiles of Western Timor: Regional Variations in Historical Perspective. Bangkok: White Lotus.
Appendix F — Geneviève Duggan
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Savu and Raijua” (pp. 296–319)
On Raijua the main crops are sorghum and mung beans, not cotton. This is documented in the annual statistics from the regency government, Savu Raijua dalam Angka, available online. Too little cotton is grown on Raijua for trading or exchange purposes.
Savu had over 80,000 inhabitants in 2018 (Kabupaten Kupang 2018:44), not “around 30,000” as stated by ten Hoopen.
Ten Hoopen claims that the people of Savu “look quite different from the inhabitants of neighboring islands, more similar to people of Indian stock,” and he cites as evidence of this the writing of Alfred Russell Wallace (2000 [1869]:143). Wallace, however, did not visit Savu; if he had he would have observed that there are many more people with flat noses than with “straight thin noses” (to use his descriptive term). The photograph (p. 299) of the ruler’s family also contradicts Wallace’s observation.
It is doubtful that Hindu religion was ever practiced on Savu so it is not surprising that the author did not find any traces of it. Neither attendance at rituals, nor frequent contacts with the various male clans support the existence of a link between Hinduism, a caste system, and the local religion Jingi tiu, which is primarily an ancestor-based worship. This does not rule out the possibility that Indians may have visited Savu, but if they did, they left no influence (see Duggan & Hägerdal 2018:3, n. 5; appendix II).
All women of Hubi Ae have in common the wo kelaku (or wokelaku).
Ten Hoopen’s term “bunga wurumada” cannot be traced to any field observation. Bunga (Indonesian) means “motif” when referring to textiles; wurumada (Savunese) means “delicate eyes.” The correct Savunese name is juli wurumada, or “the section with the delicate eyes,” as parts of a textile are named after parts of the body.
P. 300 ills.
The third from the top (PC 026) is kobe molai. No example of wokelaku for Hubi Ae is to be found in the book.
The fourth from the bottom (PC 142) is Hubi Ae, not Hubi Iki.
All women of Hubi Iki have the motif ei ledo; second (PC 136) and third (PC 144) from the bottom.
Ten Hoopen mentions “gatherings in the wiki’s ritual house, tegida.” “Wiki” here is an error and should be “wini.” Ritual houses belong to maternal lineages (wini). Each wini has a tegida.
Regarding the sacred ritual house (tegida), the author refers to a personal communication with Ms Dorothé Swinkels (p. 574, n. 280), although this information is to be found in a work published by me (Duggan 2001:61–64) and listed in ten Hoopen’s references.
Pp. 302–3
The diagram “after Geneviève Duggan” is incomplete and information is missing (see Duggan 2001:124 and 2013:11).
“Sambungan tengah” (Indonesian) does not mean “northern connection.” It literally means “middle seam.”
There is no field research confirmation by Duggan or Kagiya, who worked on Raijua textiles over decades, to indicate that “petite sarongs [are] made for the occasion of the birth of a child.” As infant mortality is high on Savu and Raijua, infants (ana Jawi) are not considered yet “full” persons; they are not allowed to wear the color red nor are they entitled to the same type of funerals as adults. No handwoven cloths are made for them before the age of three to six.
Ten Hoopen cites the scarcity of Raijua’s small ceremonial ei in collections as evidence to refute what I have written about the reason these garments were produced. Sacred cloths, however, are never worn but are kept in heirloom baskets, and as inalienable heirloom cloths they are not for sale—hence their scarcity in collections. The few small-size ei from Raijua that are in private collections today are likely to have been stolen. Kagiya (2010) mentions that entire heirloom baskets were stolen when she was on Raijua in 1983.
Mesara is not in the “southern part” but in the western part of the island.
Patola wore is not the sole prerogative of noble women of the moiety Hubi Ae in Mesara, but is worn throughout the entire island.
Wo kejanga is one of the heraldic motifs and would appear as a main motif, not in a secondary band. Moreover, it is displayed on men’s cloths, not on women’s skirts. The visual comparison with wo kejanga is improbable.
The author writes, “similar to a sarong in Duggan, Textiles of Savu, fig. 15.” Presumably he means Ikats of Savu (2001). Actually the illustrated cloth is similar to that in Duggan (2013:61 bottom,) kobe molai (or mola’i) meaning “male kobe” (see also Duggan & Hägerdal 2018:fig 44).
Criteria for identification as Hubi Iki are missing.
“Hi’i worapi” is incorrect. See Duggan (2001:133, figs 76–77). The comparison with ketu pedi is fanciful.
Men of both moieties have the hi’i wo hèpi cloth; however, the lozenges are different. There are no examples of hi’i wo hèpi for Hubi Iki in ten Hoopen’s book.
These pages show textiles referred to as pana in Savunese, which literally means “hot,” indicating these cloths are sacred and imbued with power (see below p. 317).
“Wei labe” is incorrect. The correct term is wai mea, mea meaning red. For wai labe (or wai made, made = dead), including a ceremony for weaving a wai labe, see Duggan (2001:143–46, figs. 113, 120, 121). For wai mea and a ceremony for weaving wai mea, ei mea, and hi’i mea, see Duggan (2006:46–47, figs. 10–11).
Ten Hoopen’s term “swaddling sarong” is his own invention and is not known or used locally; more importantly, the term gives a false idea of the sacred nature of this category of cloths (see above).
It is fanciful to call the motif on this cloth patola jilamprang, as it is a Savunese motif restricted to noble women of Hubi Ae.
Textiles of the category pana are considered sacred; their message is not to show the status of the wearer, but to confer energy and power (see Duggan 2013:37).
2006 “Ancêtres et tissages sacrés à Savou.” In Geneviève Perret (ed.), La fibre des ancêtres: Trésors textiles d’Indonésie de la collection Georges Breguet, 43–49. Geneva: Musée d’Ethnographie.
2013 Woven Stories: Traditional Textiles from the Regency Savu Raijua. Museum Tekstil Jakarta.
Duggan, Geneviève, and Hans Hägerdal
2018 Savu: History and Oral Tradition on an Island of Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press. Kabupaten Kupang
Kabupaten Kupang
2018 Kabupaten Sabu Raijua dalam Angka 2018. Kupang: Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Kupang.
Wallace, Alfred Russell
2000 [1869] The Malay Archipelago. Boston: Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.
Appendix G — Tim Babcock
Review of Peter ten Hoopen (2018): “Sulawesi (Celebes)” (pp. 532–45)
I am not a textile researcher per se, but I do know something about Sulawesi. I lived in North and South Sulawesi for several years and have worked throughout Sulawesi in a variety of capacities since 1973. During this time, I acquired a range of textiles from most parts of the island and have read much of the literature on the subject.
I found the chapter on Sulawesi disappointing. Admittedly, Sulawesi has not seen comprehensive and detailed scholarly research regarding textiles, with a few exceptions mostly on the weavings of Tana Toraja. One would have hoped that this book might have added some important new data and insights, but I fear this is not the case.
There are many spelling errors and inconsistencies, e.g., Senkang instead of Sengkang (p. 533); Rantepeo instead of Rantepao (p. 534); Tanah Toraja instead of Tana Toraja (p. 535); both Torajas and Torajans for the name of the ethnic group. Ten Hoopen’s use of Indonesian terms also involves infelicities, with simplistic use of root words as if in some kind of travelers’ pidgin. An example is his use of berani for “bravery” rather than keberanian when the noun is intended (p. 532).
Some of the background information suggests “pop anthropology” and “potted history,” e.g., reference to the Bugis (or a subgroup of Bugis) as “without ever holding land beyond their sliver of South Sulawesi” (p. 533). The Bugis hold more than a “sliver” of South Sulawesi, where they are the dominant and by far the largest ethnic group, and they certainly hold much land elsewhere in Indonesia, in particular the east/south coast of Kalimantan and the east coast of Sumatra.
P. 532-33
The author discusses “silk sarongs made by the Buginese” but does not use the Bugis name for these garments, lipa. Instead he describes them as “often referred to as tenun pagatan after the chief producing village Pagatan.” In all my years living in or studying Sulawesi, I never heard of such a village/place. Pagatan is in Kalimantan Selatan, an area of centuries-old Bugis colonization on the island of Borneo. Yes, Bugis lipa from Kalimantan (often called “sarung Samarinda”) are well known, but they are a product of old Buginese settlements in Borneo, not Sulawesi.
With only one small illustration (a detail from a lipa), ten Hoopen really underrepresents and underappreciates Bugis silks, referring to them disparagingly as “folksy weft ikat silks.” He could have included some glorious illustrations, but he states in his introduction that he has deliberately not collected cloths (with a few exceptions) that are dyed with chemical dyes. That of course is his choice, but then the book’s title is misleading as it might lead readers to assume that it is comprehensive when in fact it omits particular (still very much alive) types of ikat textiles such as the bright, chemically dyed Bugis ikat lipa (as well as much of the current production in various areas across Indonesia).
Regarding the Toraja area, ten Hoopen does not refer to the relatively recent high quality weavings produced at a workshop in Rantepao, where good quality (handspun, natural dyed) weavings made in Rongkong/Galumpang are also sold.
Ten Hoopen mentions correctly that the pre-Christian religion is known as Aluk To Dolo, but in reference to funeral ceremonies he then writes “the deceased is also accorded a portion [of the slaughtered buffalo], called aluk to dolo.”
Ten Hoopen refers to the “Palu region of northwest Toraja,” but the Palu region is actually in today’s province of Central Sulawesi (and was never part of any colonial administrative unit that also encompassed Tana Toraja). In colonial times, the term “Toraja” was used to mean in some contexts the entire upland area of the central part of Sulawesi and its diversity of ethnic groups, and in other contexts just the ethnic group that we know as (and who call themselves) Toraja, mainly living in the districts of Toraja and North Toraja. As in other instances, the author collapses different time periods and sows confusion. The term “Palu region” would have had little meaning during colonial times when “Donggala” was the usual name for the area.
Regarding the Minahasa peninsula, he refers to cloth (formerly) made in “Tondano, Tobulu or a few other villages.” Tondano is not and has not been for a very long time a “village”; it is a town and capital of a district. I do not know where Tobulu is; it has probably been miscopied from an old source and should be Tombulu, one of the “traditional” sub-ethnic/territorial subdivisions of the Minahasa people. This is another example of uncritical use of sources and lack of knowledge of the area. I did find on the internet an article by an “amateur” who went in search of kain Bentenan (see below) and uses virtually the same phrase. They probably copied it from the same erroneous source.
For Donggala, ten Hoopen has only two short paragraphs and is generally disparaging. Again, there is only one poor, small illustration (probably because no natural dyes have been used in living memory). This is disappointing, especially since this is one of the very few places in Indonesia where (simple) double ikat patterning is to be found.
In the brief section on “Limboto” (i.e., Gorontalo), he states that “weft ikat is produced” there; I strongly doubt this. About twenty-five years ago, the historian David Henley only managed to find one elderly woman who had some distant memories of weaving and could produce for him a cloth of very poor quality. If there is indeed anything produced today, it needs to be referenced and illustrated. I suspect it would be made by people with Bugis/Arab connections, just like the “sarung Donggala” from Central Sulawesi.
Under “Minahasa” he refers to the port of Bentenan “from which it [kain Bentenan] is exported.” This is most unlikely if not impossible: original kain Bentenan have not been made for perhaps a century or more, and recent (mostly poor quality) reproductions are produced in larger centers on semi-mechanized looms and would certainly not be “exported” from isolated Bentenan.
There is no illustration from Buton, and in fact this section says almost nothing. No mention is made of the very attractive cotton hip-wrap cloths made on Kaledupa island, generally using indigo dye; some of these have double or compound ikat patterning.
Copyright © 1997 - 2021 Geneviève Duggan. The contents of this website, including all images and texts, are for personal, educational, non-commercial use only and may not be reproduced in any form without the express permission of Geneviève Duggan.
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Home5 Jewish Things To Know About Cory Booker
5 Jewish Things To Know About Cory Booker
Ron KampeasJune 28, 2019Image by Randy Shropshire/Getty Im...
Image by Randy Shropshire/Getty Im...
WASHINGTON (JTA) — Five Jewish things about Sen. Cory Booker, who just announced for the Democratic presidential nomination, you ask?
Here’s a start: The New Jersey politician literally carried a rabbi on his back until he (figuratively) cast same rabbi into the waters, like a forgotten sin.
The senator’s rise to fame has been full of headlines. He was a heralded football player in high school who failed to live up to his billing at Stanford, and he is a former mayor of Newark who rescued a woman from a fire and a dog from freezing temperatures. Booker was at the center of a bizarre non-scandal during last year’s Senate hearings confirming Brett Kavanaugh as a Supreme Court justice after leaking embarrassing emails from Kavanaugh’s career as White House counsel to President George W. Bush.
Booker proudly said he was breaking Senate protocol by doing so, inviting the Senate to censure him, and calling himself “Spartacus.” The committee’s Republican chairman, Sen. Chuck Grassley of Iowa, said, basically, no harm, no foul — Booker had not actually violated protocol. That settled that — except no one has yet to figure out the Spartacus reference.
Booker champions reforming the justice system and has been known to play nice with Republicans — in 2012 he criticized the Obama campaign for demonizing Republican nominee Mitt Romney’s background in capital investment.
He’s 49, not married and a vegan — that should take care of the non-Jewish stuff. Now let’s dive in:
He keeps a Hebrew Bible on his desk.
OK, Booker also keeps the New Testament, the Quran and the Bhagavad Gita, according to this 2013 Tablet profile, but as keen-eyed author Yair Rosenberg notes, the senator’s is not just any Tanakh — it’s an ArtScroll, which rhymes with “hardcore” for those who know from serious Bible study.
The Boteach bromance.
A friend invited Booker, a Rhodes scholar at Oxford University, to an event at L’Chaim, the university’s Jewish society. The friend didn’t show, but Booker quickly bonded with the group’s founder, Rabbi Shmuley Boteach, and they became fast and longtime friends.
Booker, a Baptist, went on to become president of L’Chaim.
“I would give him Baldwin and DuBois,” Booker told The New York Times in 2002 during his first run for Newark mayor, describing his relationship with Boteach, “and he would give me Hillel.”
There’s video of a Purim party from the early 1990s with Boteach, wearing an outfit that appears to be decorated with pizza slices, riding on Booker’s back.
The boys went on to glory — Booker in 2006 winning the job of Newark mayor (he had lost the 2002 race) and Boteach writing manuals on “kosher sex” (what “kosher sex” is, exactly, remains as mysterious as Spartacus.)
Things went south in 2015 when Booker, a senator since 2013, backed the Iran nuclear deal and Boteach, who saw the deal as an existential threat to Israel, was heartbroken — and very publicly heartbroken in blogs, on Twitter and on the phone with whomever would listen.
Boteach was even more heartbroken when Booker did not mention him in his 2016 book “United,” on bringing Americans together.
“The book is not about my relationships with lots of friends or even different communities, such as the Latino community which embraced me, that have been impactful,” Booker told HuffPost. “He certainly was impactful. It’s not about that. It’s a book about a specific path. I am not sure why he’s reacting the way he is.”
He does Jewish weddings.
OK, he does them for his former chief of staff, Matt Klapper, who is now a senior adviser to his presidential campaign. Booker participated in the exchange of vows at Klapper’s 2016 wedding to Victoria Edelman.
He delivers darshas.
Booker likes to open his speeches, to Jews and non-Jews alike, with Torah analysis — and he likes to make a big deal about how weird it seems.
“Today I want to do something a little different than you were probably expecting from this Christian man from Newark, New Jersey,” Booker told Yale’s 2013 graduating class. “I want to do something that has probably never been done before at this university. I want to stand here as a Christian goy in all of my non-Jewish self and give you all a d’var Torah.”
Two years earlier he told Chabad of Greenwich, Connecticut, that “a tall black man from New Jersey” is about to talk about the week’s parsha. He advised the crowd to “get over it.”
The senator also likes to intimidate Jewish journalists with his knowledge.
“Booker at points seemed to know more about my Jewish culture than I did,” Jonathan Tepperman wrote in a 2002 profile in The New York Times Magazine.
“I’ve met most of the Senate’s other Jews, and I can say with a high degree of certainty that Booker knows more Torah than they do,” Jeffrey Goldberg, now editor of The Atlantic, wrote in the New York Post in 2013.
In his first run for Newark mayor in 2002, when he tried to unseat incumbent Sharpe James, rumors circulated that Booker was a front for Jewish interests — and even that he was Jewish.
Flash forward to last October, and a would-be mail bomber who targeted prominent Jews — using anti-Semitic invective in at least one instance — also targeted Booker.
He changes his mind on Israel boycott laws.
Booker equivocated a long time before deciding to sign on to legislation last year that would penalize businesses that comply with Israel boycotts. Some of his fellow Democrats are concerned that the bills would impinge on speech freedoms. In fairness, he’s not alone: Another senator in the running for president, Kirsten Gillibrand of New York, at first backed the anti-boycott bills, and now opposes them.
At a conference for progressives last year, Booker posed with an activist holding up a sign saying “From Palestine to Mexico, all the walls have got to go.”
“He didn’t have time to read the sign, and from his cursory glance he thought it was talking about Mexico and didn’t realize it had anything to do with Israel,” a spokesman told JTA at the time.
Does Israel Violate Human Rights? Here’s What Top Democratic Candidates Say.
Aiden Pink and Arielle KadenJune 19, 2019
WATCH: Cory Booker Quotes Torah In Hebrew To Say ‘U.S. Not A Theocracy’
Helen ChernikoffMarch 28, 2019
Ron Kampeas
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How to Sell Videos Online for Profit
Written by Bryce Patterson posted 1 year ago
Where do you turn when you need help with a problem? What’s your go-to resource for learning a skill? For most of us, video is the best way to figure out next steps when we get stuck.
Experts expect video to make up 82% of internet traffic by 2022 and consumers on average watch over an hour of digital video daily. Selling video means plugging your business into one of the most exciting, dynamic industries on the web.
With a little upkeep, selling and renting videos can become a great source of revenue and help your business to grow.
1. What Can You Sell with Video?
2. Advertising, Selling, and Renting Videos
3. How to Sell Videos Online: Taking the Leap from Free
4. Build Your Marketing Funnel
5. Build a Community
We’ve put together a resource covering everything you need to know to sell videos online for profit. We’ll dig into your different selling options, ways to stand out as a paid service, and how your business can build an audience and connect with new customers.
Ready? Let’s go.
How to Sell Videos Online: What Can You Sell with Video?
The beauty of video is that it covers such an enormous range of content. You can cover just about any topic or skill in a video, and the visual focus makes it a great learning resource.
There are a lot of options out there, so let’s break down a few. For starters, you can think in terms of:
One of the most exciting things about selling video online is the ways that you can pair and bundle videos with different kinds of products.
Many of these can be digital products (so you don’t have to worry about fulfillment). While a lot of these require time and effort to create, they become passive income over time.
Consider building companion resources that create a broader experience for your customers.
For example, a music teacher can sell or rent videos offering lessons for a particular instrument and supplement those with digital sheet music and jam tracks. A mindfulness business can sell guided meditation and yoga videos, as well as yoga mats and cushions.
Generally speaking, videos that rank answer some kind of question. After all, we often turn to video when we’re trying to solve an issue, whether it’s a household repair, or trying to learn a particularly difficult part of a song.
Read more: How to Sell On YouTube: The Ultimate 4-Part Guide to Video Content
How to Sell Videos Online: Advertising, Selling, and Renting Videos
There are a huge range of ways that you can monetize video content. Advertising is the most common, so let’s start by looking at the three main ways that creators make money in this framework.
Sell Video: Video Ads
These are incredibly common and comprise quick video breaks before, during, or after a video on YouTube. Basically, all that’s involved is signing up for an Adsense account and racking up views.
Generally, advertisers pay 10¢-30¢ per view, and Google takes a 32% cut.
The issue with this method of advertising is pretty clear just from the numbers: it takes an enormous amount of views to make much money at all.
Sell Video: Paid Sponsorship
Where traditional YouTube ads pause your content to play video from another business, this form of advertising is closer to what you’d hear on a podcast. Essentially, you do the ad spot yourself within your actual content.
For individual YouTubers, this can be a helpful source of additional revenue. That said, it can also be irritating for your viewers, and draws focus away from your business. If you don’t have a dedicated audience, you may not be able to get them to watch these sponsored sections of your videos. They’re likely to click away to find a resource that gets them what they need more quickly.
Sell Video: Affiliate Marketing
Try on hauls and makeup tutorials are two popular forms of affiliate marketing on YouTube, as are reviews and product roundups. Affiliates make their income based on sales, which requires a large, engaged audience.
With so many options, why should you sell (or rent) streaming video?
First thing’s first: you can absolutely work with a combination of revenue streams!
You’ll just have to be tactful and create content that’s valuable enough for your customers to engage with, even with little distractions along the way.
In the long run, selling videos online can create sustainable revenue and grow a business in ways that ad revenue alone can’t. Profit margins are higher, and you’re not subject to the whims of YouTube in the same way.
Renting Videos Online
Selz makes it easy to sell videos online. Customers can stream, download and save videos to DropBox at blazing fast speeds.
Renting videos can be a particularly lucrative option, and it’s really easy to do. All it takes is a set viewing limit, which you can include when you create the product in Selz.
Log into your Selz account and click on Items > All > Add item
Select Digital as the product type
Upload an MP4 of your video
Use the drop-down menu to choose “streaming”
From here, you can set your viewing limit
So how do you start bringing in revenue with Selz digital products? First thing’s first: you need to convince customers that your content is worth paying for.
How to Sell Videos Online: Taking the Leap from Free
The biggest question businesses need to ask when learning how to sell streaming videos online is this: Why would customers pay for video when there are so many free tools out there?
It’s important to first understand why people pay for content, because that will help you understand how to move them towards an actual sale.
For one thing, different creators will have different advice. For a consumer digging deep into a topic, that can mean sorting through competing ideas. When you go for a paid option, you’re digging into a single approach in-depth.
For example, as you’re learning how to sell streaming videos online, you’ll get a range of advice.
Posts published several years ago often focus on older models for digital selling and will make recommendations that are out of date. They might recommend tools that are no longer relevant or platforms that are more difficult to monetize today than they were at the time.
Some content creators will recommend longer-form videos because their experience selling videos online has been that longer content connects better with their audience. Others will recommend shorter.
Knowing which advice to take as you sell videos online means digging into their individual approaches and crafting your own business piecemeal from different sources.
In a nutshell, free content tends to give you smaller parts of a bigger picture. If you’re ready to deep-dive into a subject and really learn, you need to understand both the macro and microelements, and that’s tough to do for free.
When you pay for your content, you can find a brand that you trust, whose values overlap with your own. From there you can zero in on their exact approach. Renting videos from a specific entrepreneur, for example, is a great way to move through their process and build a higher level of understanding.
Essentially, paid content is valuable because it means that you can find curated information more quickly, with more consistency and a higher degree of professionalism. Communicating that difference to your customers will be vital to selling videos online.
There’s a necessary jump in production values that comes with the move from free content to paid, and your business will have to invest in the process to create content that feels polished.
That doesn’t mean that your production has to be complex. Great lighting, sound, and staging go a long way. From there, you can work on creating a polished online persona to connect with your base.
Read: Selling Digital Products: Your Ultimate Guide
Selling Video Online: Build Your Marketing Funnel
Most consumers expect to connect with a business’s content in a low-stakes environment before they’ll consider paying for anything. After all, we don’t generally go in blind with our wallets. This is where your marketing funnel comes into play.
First thing’s first: you’re going to have to make both paid and free content.
As the most visited site in the world, YouTube is the obvious starting platform for selling video online. The trick is to rank in searches and create great, helpful videos that push towards your paid content. This free content is the top of your funnel.
How to Rank on Youtube
The process here is similar to ranking for any other content:
Find keywords with a good amount of traffic but minimal competition
Create content around those keywords
Optimize your content around those terms
Not sure where to start? Try typing a query into the Youtube search box and seeing which terms pop up as suggestions.
You’ll want to pursue keywords that are low in competition. Look at the total number of results for each search listed at the top of the page and go for the search terms with less overall videos.
From here, work on creating content that answers the implied question or fills the implied need from the search result you choose.
You can also look at popular videos and see what they’re ranking for by checking the title, description and tags for repeated phrases.
When you upload your video, include the keyword in the title and description, and add relevant tags.
For more in-depth help understanding search results on YouTube, check out this great article from Backlinko.
Building up a strong base of subscribers on YouTube will help you sell video, but you need to create multiple touchpoints to move toward the eventual sale.
Grow Your Social Media
Social media is the middle of your funnel, where your business develops more of a connection to your audience. Social media gives you opportunities to nurture leads and move them toward sales.
Facebook and Instagram have both been prioritizing video content in their algorithms. Having a video focus gives your business an edge over other businesses competing for attention in user feeds.
Growing your following on social also gives you more opportunities to explore the added value that customers can get from buying your content.
It’s important to be tactful here. Create value and build conversation with your audience as well as talking about your products.
Invest in Paid Advertising
Pay-per-click (or PPC) ads are one of the key tools that businesses use to make sales. Both social media networks (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) and search engines (Google, Youtube, Bing) offer paid advertising opportunities.
Retargeting ads are particularly helpful. They follow customers across platforms and target activities that could lead to a sale.
Let’s say your business sells high-quality organic lotions. A potential customer visits your business Facebook page after seeing that a friend of theirs follows you.
A few days later, they’ve forgotten the name of your brand, but they Google “organic lotions.” If you’ve invested in retargeting, they could see an advertisement for your business at or near the top of their search results.
Read: 6 Google Ads Strategies for Ecommerce Businesses
How to Sell Videos Online: Build a Community
When you start selling and renting videos, you’re not just selling a product. You’re selling a broader experience- a process.
Most people learn better as part of a community. If you’re serious about selling video and scaling over time, you’ll need to build that community yourself.
It seems obvious, but asking viewers to like and subscribe at the end of a video and starting a discussion in the comments are early steps in this process. Helping to create a conversation opens up more opportunities to tailor your content to your customer’s needs, and more chances to plug your premium paid content.
Respond to comments consistently, but avoid going for the hard-sell every time. Instead, work with your team to answer questions as you can and link to a range of content.
Remember: authority in your niche is key to building to sales, and exclusively self-promoting doesn’t help that image. Guide your audience in a way that makes them feel like you’re invested in them and in their growth, not just sales figures.
Find ways to foreground the experiences of your customers. Reviews and testimonials here will be great sources for your marketing. Consider hosting a Reddit AMA (“Ask Me Anything”) session.
As you grow, stay invested in your audience. Pay attention to the kinds of videos they request, and work to meet those needs, even when it’s not directly related to your core content.
Selling and renting videos online can be a fantastic revenue stream, and the field is new enough that there’s still a ton of space to explore and innovate.
Best of luck getting started- we’re excited to see your videos!
Sell Digital Products, Selling Videos, YouTube
Bryce Patterson
Bryce is a writer and content marketer for tech companies including Churn Buster and Evergreen. He gives ecommerce business and non-profits a more human, relatable voice. He has written a novel, worked on a comic book, and played in a handful of bands. Bryce lives in Colorado.
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Science and Research Director
Field to Market, The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture
777 North Capitol Street, NE
Field to Market
Allison Thomson is the Science & Research Director at Field to Market: The Alliance for Sustainable Agriculture. She brings 15 years of interdisciplinary research experience on agricultural systems and the environment to the implementation of sustainable agriculture at scale in the US. Field to Market is a non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization that unites the commodity crop supply chain (food and retail companies, agribusiness, farmer organizations, conservation groups, universities and government) around common definitions, measurements and standards for sustainable agriculture. Using environmental outcome and science based metrics and benchmarks, she works with Field to Market member organizations on measuring, benchmarking and working to advance sustainable production. Ms. Thomson has written or contributed to over 50 peer-reviewed publications, and currently serves on the Executive Editorial Board of Environmental Research Letters and the Scientific Steering Committee of the Global Land Project. Allison holds a BA from Carleton College and a Masters of Environmental Management from Duke University.
Land change trade-offs for ecosystem services and biodiversity , Land management systems
Twenty-seven GLP Members on Clarivate's Highly-Cited Researchers 2020 list
Clarivate Analytics, the global leader in providing trusted insights and analytics to enable researchers to accelerate discovery, published its annual Highly Cited Researchers (HCR) list this week with 27 GLP Members, SSC Members, and GLP Fellows on it.
GLP Member Research in the News
Clarivate Analytics, the global leader in providing trusted insights and analytics to enable researchers to accelerate discovery, published its annual Highly Cited Researchers (HCR) list this week with twenty-seven GLP Members, SSC Members, and GLP Fellows on it.
GLP News
Toward a normative land systems science
This recent article in Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability (COSUST) was written by members of the GLP community for an upcoming GLP Special Issue in COSUST. The paper argues that normative positions are increasingly required of sustainability science and lays out principles that served to guide the themes and organization of the 4th GLP Open Science Meeting.
Twenty-two GLP Members on Clarivate's Highly-Cited Researchers 2018 list
Clarivate Analytics, the global leader in providing trusted insights and analytics to enable researchers to accelerate discovery, published its annual Highly Cited Researchers (HCR) list in November with twenty-two GLP Members, SSC Members, and GLP Fellows on it.
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By Tina Palmer January 8, 2021 67 views
Russia’s Olympic Committee on Thursday expressed its satisfaction with the Court of Arbitration for Sport’s decision not to ban the country’s athletes from participating in the Olympics.
Sport’s highest court on Thursday barred Russia from the international stage for two years including the rearranged Tokyo Olympics and Beijing Winter Games, but halved a four-year ban for systemic doping imposed by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
The country will also miss out on the 2022 World Cup in Qatar.
Speaking to reporters on Thursday, the Russian Olympic Committee’s president Stanislav Pozdnyakov expressed satisfaction that CAS had not “collectively” banned Russia’s athletes, who will still be able to participate under a neutral flag if they prove no connection to doping.
Content Source: http://www.digitaljournal.com/
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Russia hails CAS not banning athletes from Olympics
slams Putin exclusion
Tina Palmer
Vini Lanza talks London Roar, ISL Season 2, and daily motivations
Messi passes Pele as top scorer at a single club
Chatting with Mondo Duplantis: World Male Athlete of the Year
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Home » News » Renewable tax credits a ‘game changer’ for climate rule compliance
Renewable tax credits a ‘game changer’ for climate rule compliance
Source: Elizabeth Harball, E&E reporter • Posted: Friday, January 29, 2016
Congress’ decision to extend tax credits for renewable energy could fundamentally shift America’s energy mix away from natural gas and toward wind and solar at the advent of the Clean Power Plan, a new report predicts.
Congress in December agreed to extend the production tax credit (PTC) for wind and the investment tax credit (ITC) for solar through the end of the decade, a move hailed as hugely significant for the industries because it provides greater certainty to investors (ClimateWire, Dec. 21, 2015).
When the compliance period for U.S. EPA’s new climate rule begins in 2022, states are likely to rely more on renewables and less on natural gas to meet emission targets because of the tax extensions, according to an analysis released yesterday by the Rhodium Group.
“Tax extenders fundamentally change the compliance game,” said John Larsen, a director at the firm and an author of the report.
Without the extra boost from Congress, the analysis found that states were more likely to rely on low-cost natural gas generation to reduce power-sector emissions in 2022, when states have to first comply with the Clean Power Plan. In this scenario, wind and solar “play a role,” the report notes, but not until about 2025.
But the tax credit extension shifts “the economics in renewables’ favor nearly a decade earlier than they would under the CPP alone,” the Rhodium Group wrote.
“The tax extenders allow states to meet pending CO2 regulations almost exclusively with zero-emitting renewables, leaving the country well positioned for deeper cuts down the road rather than a greater reliance on fossil fuel-fired power,” the report says.
What about methane?
One caveat to note is that the analysis assumes “optimal implementation” of the Clean Power Plan, which the Rhodium Group defines as the establishment of one national cap on carbon emissions for existing and new power plants. That, in turn, also assumes that allowances are auctioned and that a broad carbon trading system is in place.
“This approach captures the most gradual, economically efficient, and easily approvable CPP implementation pathway,” the report states.
In reality, it appears unlikely that a national carbon trading system will form by 2022 because states are developing compliance plans based on individual economic and political situations (ClimateWire, Jan. 19).
Still, “while the design of actual state CPP implementation plans could lead to different outcomes, the economics are dramatically changed with the tax extenders in place,” the Rhodium Group wrote.
“No matter what choices states make in implementation, the tax credits are still the tax credits,” said Larsen. “They still put renewable energy on much better footing to compete.”
This development will likely be cheered by environmental groups, many of which are concerned about methane related to natural gas production, which could ramp up under the Clean Power Plan. Methane’s warming properties are more potent than carbon dioxide, which is why environmental groups are alarmed about a massive natural gas leak currently occuring at a California well (ClimateWire, Dec. 22, 2015).
A different report released yesterday by the nonprofit research group PSE Healthy Energy raised concerns about this issue, arguing that “reducing the climate impact of electricity generation requires a greater focus on curbing upstream methane leakage rates.”
Elena Krieger, director of the group’s renewable energy program, acknowledged that the tax credit extensions will likely encourage renewable energy generation.
But Krieger added, “Natural gas is still one of the primary tools in the Clean Power Plan that states are allowed to use to comply — that’s still a fundamental part of regulation.”
States that are serious about the Clean Power Plan’s goals shouldn’t ignore the methane issue, Krieger argued.
“As states develop plans in the next couple of years, if they really want to make a difference on the climate, they should take into account upstream methane, even if that’s not necessarily required,” Krieger said.
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Flying jewels spell death for tarantulas: Study of a North American spider fly genus
Male Dusky Sapphire (Eulonchus tristis Loew) feeds at flowers of Clearwater Cryptantha (Cryptantha intermedia). Credit: Alice Abela Spider flies are usually a rarely encountered group of insects, except in Western North America, where the North American jewelled spider flies (the Eulonchus genus) can be locally abundant in mountainous areas such as the Sierra Nevada of California. The brilliantly coloured adults (also known as ’sapphires’ and ’emeralds’) are important pollinators of flowers. The North American jewelled spider flies typically have large rounded bodies covered with dense hairs and metallic green to blue or even purple colouration, giving them a jewel-like appearance. Together, the elongated mouthparts, the metallic coloration and the eyes, covered with soft hairs, immediately set these flies apart from any other group of tarantula fly. The mouthparts are greatly elongated to help them feed on nectar from the flowers of more than 25 different plant families and 80 species.
However, their larvae are more insidious, seeking out and inserting themselves into tarantula hosts and slowly eating away their insides until they mature and burst out of the abdomen, killing the spider, and leaving behind only the skin. Once they have emerged from the host, they pupate to develop into adults.
In the present study, published in the open access journal ZooKeys, six species of the genus are recognized in North America, including one from the Smokey Mountains, and five from the West, ranging from Mexico to Canada. Drs Christopher J. Borkent and Shaun L. Winterton, and PhD student Jessica P. Gillung, all affiliated with the California State Collection of Arthropods, USA, have redescribed all of them using cybertaxonomic methods of natural language description. A phylogenetic tree of the relationships among the species is also presented. Two mating pairs of Dusky Sapphire (Eulonchus tristis) are on Bunchleaf Penstemon (Penstemon heterophyllus), with one pair resting inside the flower. Credit: Aaron Schusteff The examined individuals include many from the collection amassed by the late Dr. Evert Schlinger (1928-2014) over the span of more than 60 years. Today, the collection resides at the California Academy of Sciences (CAS). ”Dr. Evert I. Sclinger was a world renowned expert on spider fly taxonomy and biology,” write the authors in the paper, which they dedicate to the scientist and his legacy.
All of the studied flies are relatively widely distributed, and locally abundant, except for a single species (E. marialiciae), which is known from only a few specimens, collected within a small contiguous area in the Great Smoky Mountains. However, the scientists suggest that future studies are needed to explore whether this is actually their full range. An adult Southern Emerald (Eulonchus smaragdinus Gerstaecker), preserved specimen. Credit: Shaun Winterton Explore further:Flying jewels spell death for baby spiders
More information: Christopher J. Borkent et al, Jewelled spider flies of North America: a revision and phylogeny of Eulonchus Gerstaecker (Diptera, Acroceridae), ZooKeys (2016). DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.619.8249
Journal reference:ZooKeys
Provided by:Pensoft Publishers
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Haag Global, Inc. Expands into Canada Led by Industry Veteran Chris Giffin, P.Eng.
Toronto, ON | September 28, 2020
Long time forensic engineering leader, Chris Giffin, B.A.Sc., P.Eng., is heading up the Canadian expansion of multi-disciplinary, large loss engineering firm Haag Global Inc. and the establishment of the Haag Canada headquarters in Toronto, ON.
As CEO of Haag Canada, Giffin will usher in a wealth of resources and unrivalled experience assembled throughout Haag’s 96-year legacy of handling complex losses in the most insured and litigious markets in the world. The opening of its inaugural Canadian office marks the beginning of a determined effort by Haag to grow the firm internationally and service clients across the globe.
“Haag has a trusted reputation built on the scientific rigour, precision, and clarity with which it services clients,” says Giffin. “It’s clear that demand is strong across Canada for unbiased, multi-specialized experts in the growing complex and large loss forensic engineering market. We’re here to answer this call and are confident Haag Canada will prove to be a vital resource for legal and insurance providers across the country.”
Haag Canada accurately determines and clearly communicates cause, quantum and mitigation of loss to help clients make difficult decisions with confidence. Catering to the growing complexity of client needs in Canada the firm provides a national resource of core services, including: forensic engineering, loss remediation and mitigation, physical damage quantification and appraisal, and risk and project management. Within this service offering, Haag Canada provides a broad offering of engineering expertise, including:
Cranes & Aerial Lifts
Geotechnical & Mining
Environmental / Health & Safety
Electric Power and Machinery
A respected name in the industry and a proven leader among clients and colleagues alike, Chris Giffin B.A.Sc., P.Eng., has devoted his entire career to the forensic engineering field.
After having founded and led one of Canada’s most prominent engineering consultancy firms for more than 16 years, it follows that Giffin was selected to lead the Canadian-based operations of Haag, one of the world’s most respected firms.
“Haag is known internationally for being relentless and innovative in its pursuit of excellence, often taking on complex and contentious high-profile projects that are challenging for even the most experienced of firms,” said Justin Kestner, MSCE, MBA, P.Eng., CEO of Haag Global. “To this end, Chris’ exceptional vision, professionalism and expertise align perfectly with the quality and integrity that we value so highly as a company. We look forward to servicing our Canadian clients and growing our presence and reputation from coast-to-coast.”
For more information on Haag Canada or to contact a representative, please visit haagcanada.ca.
Haag Canada Office
365 Bay Street, 7th Floor
Toronto ON, M5E 2V1
About Haag Global, Inc.
Haag Global, Inc., began as a failure and damage consulting firm in 1924. Today, Haag is an employee-owned, multi-faceted forensic engineering and consulting company which offers forensic engineering, construction consulting, research & testing, education, GIS, and fire O&C services. Haag Engineering is the United States’ oldest and most respected failure and damage consulting firm. Haag Engineering has a 96+ year history of engineering and consulting excellence. Our highly skilled Engineers and Consultants benefit from the best training and peer-review/collaboration in the business. Haag Global Inc., is comprised of multiple specialized divisions including Haag Engineering, Haag Construction Consulting, Haag Education, Haag Technical Services, Haag Research & Testing, and Haag Firensics.
For further information or to schedule an interview:
Gage Knox
gage.knox@wearecoop.ca
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