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Most recent articles by Liza Berger
‘Right person at the right time’: Winthrop Marshall, chair of LeadingAge during rebranding initiative, dies
Publish Date December 8, 2020
The provider community is mourning the death of Winthrop Marshall, the first African American chair of the organization formerly known as the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging. He passed away last week at his home in Hayward, CA, of natural causes, according to daughter LaRajia Marshall.
Tune in on Dec. 17 to learn about mental health effects of pandemic
COVID-19 has had a major impact on people’s sense of well-being. A McKnight’s webinar on Wednesday, Dec. 17, will provide information on pre- and post-COVID-19 mental health effects and how long-term care providers can become trusted mental health allies. Listeners can receive 1 continuing education credit for attending the webinar. During the presentation, Marjorie Morrison,…
Dec. 16 webinar to offer expertise on staffing, scheduling
Staffing has never been more important than it is now in long-term care. A McKnight’s webinar to take place on Wednesday, Dec. 16, at 1 p.m. ET will provide information to providers on improving staff morale and engagement. Meredyth Thompson, a sales engineer with ABILITY Smartforce, will talk about how to fill shifts faster, eliminate…
Daily Editors' Notes
A critical next step: Take the vaccine
The last month of 2020 is proving to be more exciting than we might have anticipated.
‘Green’ counties receive tests
Nursing homes in areas that have low COVID-19 positivity rates began receiving rapid testing options from the federal government in November.
Therapy services may be on chopping block come Jan. 1
Barring a change in direction by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, nursing home operators will have to slash the amount of therapy services they can offer, starting Jan. 1.
In win for providers, judge vacates ‘Public Charge’ rule
A federal judge has struck down a rule that provider advocates previously warned could limit immigrants’ access to long-term care services and hurt the industry’s workforce.
Granny cam under scrutiny in death case
A criminal case in Georgia against a former nursing home worker will hinge on whether a video recorded in a resident’s room without the facility’s permission is legal and can be used against the accused.
Revenue cycle on the menu for Dec. 15 Lunch and Learn
McKnight’s will host a Lunch and Learn on Tuesday, Dec. 15, at 1 p.m. that will offer information about simplifying the revenue cycle at a long-term care facility. Listeners will learn about how to keep revenue on track with one-of-a-kind, integrated access to Medicare, Medicaid and private payer claims, all through a single portal. View…
Deke Cateau: Shoulders to stand on
Deke Cateau, Chief Executive Officer, A.G. Rhodes
First page Previous page Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Page 4 … Page 66 Next page Last page
Staffing offers toughest trial
Close more info about Deke Cateau: Shoulders to stand on
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Suppliers Expo
Manufacturing TV
Food & Drink Manufacturing
Lean & Sustainable Manufacturing
National Construction Summit – 24th March 2020 – The National Arena, Sport Ireland Campus in Dublin
The annual National Construction Summit is being held on Tuesday, 24th March 2020 at a new venue - the National Arena, Sport Ireland Campus in Dublin. Incorporating a number of
Expert Speakers Announced For the 2020 Project Management National Conference
The Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI) has announced the expert speakers for its National Conference, with former Irish Rugby head coach, Joe Schmidt, to deliver the keynote address. The future
Lidl Opens New €100 Million Distribution Centre
Lidl has opened its new €100 million Distribution Centre in Newbridge, County Kildare. The state-of-the-art facility, which represents the single largest investment made by Lidl in Ireland since 2000, is
NBI Signs Historic Contract to Deliver National Broadband Plan
National Broadband Ireland (NBI) has signed a landmark Public Private Partnership with the Irish Government to deliver the National Broadband Plan (NBP) across the country. The project is one of
Winners of the National Project Awards 2019
The expansion of Ireland’s state airports has been revealed as Ireland’s most influential project over the past 50 years at the Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute’s (PMI) National Project Awards,
National Project Awards Shortlist Announced
The Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI) has revealed its shortlist of contenders for this year's National Project Awards, held in partnership with PwC. From developing state-of-the-art automated solutions
Shortlist For Ireland’s Most Influential Project
The public is being asked to vote for Ireland’s most influential project from the past 50 years from a shortlist compiled by the Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI).
Jacobs Announces 200 New Jobs in Ireland
Jacobs announced 200 new jobs for Ireland over the coming two years, as it unveiled a €4.5 million investment in its office in Cork. The company, which provides end-to-end solutions
Malone Group is Cystic Fibrosis Ireland’s 65 Roses Day Media Sponsor For Fourth Year Running
Project management company, the Blanchardstown-headquartered Malone Group, has been announced as the media sponsor for Cystic Fibrosis Ireland’s (CFI) 65 Roses Day, taking place on Friday 12th April. 65 Roses Day
OPW Prepared For No Deal Brexit
“If there is a ‘crash-out’, we will be ready. We are working 24/7,” said Maurice Buckley (pictured), Chairman of the Office of Public Works (OPW) and Vice President of Engineers
National Construction Summit – This Thursday, 14th March 2019 – Citywest Exhibition Centre, Dublin
There is still time left to register to attend the fifth National Construction Summit, which will be held on Thursday, 14th March 2019 at the Citywest Exhibition Centre in Dublin.
Chronic Under-investment in Regional Infrastructure Placing Economic Growth at Risk
Over 300 delegates attended the recent Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute’s (PMI) sold-out annual national conference in Cork. The conference, with headline sponsor EY, heard that strategic project management
42% of Project Managers Believe Remote Working Reduces Control Over Projects
PM Summit, Ireland’s premier conference for project and programme managers, has announced the findings of a new study which reveals that 42% of project managers believe that they have less
Leading Project Managers to Gather For 5th Annual PM Summit
PM Summit, Ireland’s most diverse conference for project, programme and portfolio management professionals, will take place in the Convention Centre, Dublin, on Wednesday, 13th March. The conference will be of interest
ISME Expresses Concern With Lowest Price Bid Tendering
Following the award of school building contracts to Western Building Services after fire defects had been identified, ISME, the Irish SME association, has expressed concern with how public works contracts are granted to
National Project Awards 2018 Open For Entries
Entries for the Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute’s (PMI) National Project Awards, sponsored by PwC, are open. Over 120 applicants entered the awards last year, which celebrate the country’s leading
Failed Projects Cost Irish Companies €580,000
PM Summit, Ireland’s most diverse conference for project, programme and portfolio management professionals, has announced the results of a new survey which reveals that failed projects cost Irish companies on
PM Group Becomes 200th Supporter of 30% Club Ireland
The 30% Club Ireland has announced that PM Group has signed up as its 200th supporter. The 30% Club is a voluntary movement of international companies which are committed to better
National Survey Highlights Challenges Facing Irish Projects
The Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI), the largest professional organisation for project managers in Ireland with over 1,300 members, has released its inaugural Annual Index Survey. The national survey
Expert Speakers Confirmed For Ireland’s Biggest Annual Project Management Conference
The Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI) has announced the expert speakers for Ireland’s premier conference on project management. With the theme The Change Makers, the Chapter’s annual conference takes
PM Group Acquires UK Specialist Engineering Firm
PM Group has announced the acquisition of PROjEN, a 100-person multi-disciplinary engineering firm based in the UK, with offices near Manchester and in Edinburgh. The company has joined PM Group
PM Group Appoints Two New Board Directors
Project Management Holdings (PM Group), the award-winning international project delivery firm headquartered in Ireland with over 2,200 people worldwide, has announced the appointment of Andy Rayner and Anthony O’Rourke to its
PM Group Appoints a New Non-Executive Director
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Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute Appoints New President
The Ireland Chapter of Project Management Institute (PMI) has appointed Pat Lucey as President at the association’s Annual General Meeting. The
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National Manufacturing Conference & Exhibition 2020
NIBRT Springboard Success Stories
Automation & Robotics/IOT & Industry 4.0 Online 365 Manufacturing & Supply Chain Webinar – January 21st The Automation & Robotics/IOT & Industry 4.0 Online Webinar will be held on Thursday, January 21st. The event is the latest in the Online 365 Manufacturing & Supply Chain Webinar...
Abergavenny Fine Food Co. sells blended cheese business to focus on growth areas Welsh food manufacturer The Abergavenny Fine Food Co. has sold its blended cheese business to Somerdale International, the British cheese exporter. The move will enable The Abergavenny Fine Food Co....
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Valeo Foods Group acquires leading German confectionery business Valeo Foods Group has acquired Schluckwerder Holding, the leading specialist producer of confectionery products popular throughout Germany and internationally, from German mid-market private equity firm Novum Capital. With this latest...
HMG Paints gains Made in Britain Accreditation HMG Paints, the UK’s largest independent paint manufacturer, has attained Made in Britain accreditation. The company will now carry the Made in Britain collective mark across its packaging and products...
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MARIA AKCHURIN
Assistant Professor of Sociology
How does women's activism contribute to gender earnings equality?
In this article, Cheol-Sung Lee and I examine how different repertoires of women’s activism influence gender earnings equality across countries. We develop a typology of three forms of mobilization— professionalized women’s activism, labor women’s activism, and women’s activism in popular movements—emphasizing distinct actors, patterns of claims-making, and inter-organizational ties among women’s organizations and other civil society groups in multi-organizational fields. Based on data on membership and co-membership ties built using World Values Surveys, we test the effects of different repertoires of women’s activism on earnings equality between women and men in 51 countries. We also consider a gendered development model and the role of welfare states as main explanatory variables in accounting for the gap in earnings.
Our findings suggest that even in the presence of these alternative explanations, women’s activism matters. Furthermore, women’s organizations with access to institutional politics, through either direct advocacy or ties to unions or professional associations, have had the most success in promoting gender earnings equality. Our research contributes to prior work on social movement outcomes by conceptualizing women’s mobilization in the context of fields and testing its effects on distributional outcomes in a comparative perspective.
Read the full article, here: "Pathways to Empowerment"
© by Maria Akchurin
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Researchers Create Artificial Neural Network from DNA
Brian Klein News
Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have successfully created an artificial neural network using DNA molecules that is capable of brain-like behavior. Hailing it as a “major step toward creating artificial intelligence,” the scientists report that, similar to a brain, the network can retrieve memories based on incomplete patterns.
Potential applications of such artificially intelligent biochemical networks with decision-making skills include medicine and biological research. The researchers predict that, eventually, neural networks could be developed that operate within cells to gather information for disease diagnosis.
More details from Caltech:
Consisting of four artificial neurons made from 112 distinct DNA strands, the researchers’ neural network plays a mind-reading game in which it tries to identify a mystery scientist. The researchers “trained” the neural network to “know” four scientists, whose identities are each represented by a specific, unique set of answers to four yes-or-no questions, such as whether the scientist was British.
After thinking of a scientist, a human player provides an incomplete subset of answers that partially identifies the scientist. The player then conveys those clues to the network by dropping DNA strands that correspond to those answers into the test tube. Communicating via fluorescent signals, the network then identifies which scientist the player has in mind. Or, the network can “say” that it has insufficient information to pick just one of the scientists in its memory or that the clues contradict what it has remembered. The researchers played this game with the network using 27 different ways of answering the questions (out of 81 total combinations), and it responded correctly each time.
This DNA-based neural network demonstrates the ability to take an incomplete pattern and figure out what it might represent—one of the brain’s unique features. “What we are good at is recognizing things,” says [Nature article] coauthor Jehoshua “Shuki” Bruck, [a Caltech computer science professor]. “We can recognize things based on looking only at a subset of features.” The DNA neural network does just that, albeit in a rudimentary way.
Check out these YouTube videos describing the research:
Full story: Caltech researchers create the first artificial neural network out of DNA…
Abstract in Nature: Neural network computation with DNA strand displacement cascades
Building a tiny “DNA brain” (Part I: design), Building a tiny “DNA brain” (Part II: experiments)
Brian Klein
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MEF Accomplishments
About the MEQ
MEF in the Media
MEF Wires
MEF Radio
MEF Webinars
Audio, Video and Transcripts
Egypt's Continuing Turmoil
A briefing by Jonathan Spyer
https://www.meforum.org/3661/egypt-turmoil
Multimedia for this item
Jonathan Spyer is an associate fellow at the Middle East Forum and senior research fellow at the Global Research in International Affairs Center (GLORIA) in Herzliya, Israel. He briefed the Middle East Forum in conference call on October 31, 2013.
According to Dr. Spyer, the last straw for the July 2013 coup was President Morsi's threatened jihad against the Assad regime. Egypt was being transformed by the Muslim Brotherhood government into an anti-Western Islamist power and General Sisi, though neither a secularist nor a liberal democrat, was anxious to prevent the country from heading in a chaotic and dangerous direction. The general was also alarmed by the growing lawlessness in Sinai, which under Morsi had become a haven for foreign jihadists and smuggled weaponry from post-Qaddafi Libya, as well as a springboard for terror attacks on Israeli and Egyptian targets. Fearing the spillover of more terrorism to Egypt proper, and another Israeli-Hamas military confrontation, Sisi linked the clampdown on the Muslim Brotherhood to the fight against the Sinai insurgency - a strategy that in his view forced the Islamists into an unwinnable fight.
Sisi's attempt to crush the Brotherhood, rather than seek a political accommodation with it, has received staunch support from Riyadh and the UAE, with Jerusalem quietly content with the return of the Egyptian armed forces, under a familiar leader, to the helm. By contrast, the Obama administration, though anxious to preserve Washington's privileged access to the Suez Canal and Egypt's role in counterterrorism, has erred in cold shouldering the military regime, while its wider retrenchment in the Middle East has left a vacuum that is being rapidly filled by others. In response to Washington's retreat from the region, the Saudis and the UAE have been financially propping up Egypt, while Vladimir Putin seems eager to restore Moscow's strategic partnership with Egypt.
Dr. Spyer concluded that it only makes sense to embrace the pragmatic Sisi regime. Just as Washington has greatly benefitted from its longstanding relations with the non-democratic Arab states, notably Saudi Arabia, the Gulf monarchies, and Jordan, so it may well lose its primacy in Egypt to the potential patrons offering themselves to the new regime.
Summary account by Marilyn Stern, Associate Fellow with the Middle East Forum
Related Topics: Egypt | Jonathan Spyer receive the latest by email: subscribe to the free mef mailing list This text may be reposted or forwarded so long as it is presented as an integral whole with complete and accurate information provided about its author, date, place of publication, and original URL.
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Does Telling Muslims to 'Behave' Prompt Hatred and Terror?
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MJHL announces Player of the Month Awards
Sitting second among all playoff scorers, Steinbach Pistons’ Bradley Schoonbaert has been named the RBC Player of the Month for March.
Schoonbaert, 19, has been outstanding in the post-season reflected in 15 points (6-9) in 14 games. He’s had four, multiple-point games, in addition being named a first star in three playoff games.
Aligning to RBC’s #Someday platform, Schoonbaert’s #Someday is “to win the MJHL championship and receive an NCAA division I scholarship.”
Schoonbaert, who hails from Brandon, has also played with discipline, reflected in only six penalty minutes in the playoffs.
The runners up are 20 year old forward Josh Martin of the Portage Terriers and 19 year old goaltender Brett Epp of the OCN Blizzard.
Sher-Wood-MJHL Defenceman of the Month
The Sher-wood Defenceman of the Month is Brady Keeper of the OCN Blizzard. A model of consistency, he was a runner-up for the same award last month.
Keeper, 20, has been outstanding at both ends of the rink, reflected in 13 points (4-9) in 11 games. It’s from efforts such as this which pushed the Blizzard into the MJHL championship final which will begin this month.
Keeper, who hails from Cross Lake, is committed to play for University of Maine next season.
The runners up are 19 year old Skyler Thorsteinson of the Neepawa Natives and 19 year old Mackenzie Dwyer of the Portage Terriers.
MGEU-MJHL Goaltender of the Month
For the second consecutive month, the MGEU Goaltender of the Month is Brett Epp of the OCN Blizzard.
Epp, who hails from Edmonton, recorded three shutouts in 11 starts, enroute to a 9-2 record. His save percentage over that span was .947 with a 1.73 GAA.
The runners up are 19 year old Troy Martyniuk of the Winkler Flyers and 20 year old Roman Bengert of the Steinbach Pistons.
IBAM-MJHL Rookie of the Month
With 14 points in 12 games last month, forward Ty Barnstable of the Portage Terriers has been named the IBAM Rookie of the Month.
Barnstable, 18, has been outstanding in the post-season, reflected in being selected a game star on three separate occasions. He hails from Regina.
The runners up are 18 year old forward Will Koop of the Steinbach Pistons and 16 year old defenseman Layne Toder of the Portage Terriers.
Manitoba Pork Peak Performer of the Month
The Manitoba Pork Peak Performer of the Month is goaltender Brandon Holtby of the Dauphin Kings.
Holtby, 20, is one of the team’s hardest working players and is an outstanding community ambassador for the Kings. When he’s not between the pipes, Brandon is out and about in the Dauphin area doing his part to make the community a better place.
Recently, together with the local RCMP Detachment, Brandon participated in school presentations at MacKenzie Middle School in Dauphin. Along with his teammates, Brandon played an important role in the Dauphin Co-op’s Annual Haunted House which saw over 1,500 visitors.
Brandon also works part-time at Parkland Source for Sports helping the young stars of tomorrow get fitted for skates and equipment. Congratulations Brandon for earning the Manitoba Pork Peak Performer of the Month award.
Previous PostTrio of MJHL alumni win NCAA III championshipNext PostMJHL-WHL Prospect Watch – Justin Nachbaur, OCN Blizzard
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Mobile Trend
Mobile news and More
In bid against Apple, Pablo Escobar’s brother launches $350 foldable phone
December 4, 2019 Sean Keane 0 Comments
The Escobar Fold 1 is much cheaper than Samsung and Huawei’s foldable phones.
Escobar Inc
Roberto De Jesús Escobar Gaviria, the brother of late Colombian drug kingpin Pablo Escobar, is going toe-to-toe with the $1,500 Motorola Razr, $1,980 Samsung Galaxy Fold and $2,400 Huawei Mate X by releasing a foldable phone: the Escobar Fold 1. It’s a whole lot cheaper at $350, coming unlocked and compatible with “all networks” worldwide.
The phone’s website and promotional videos are full of scantily clad women showing off the device, but also reveal that it has a 7.8-inch AMOLED FHD Plus screen when folded. It runs Android 9.0 (Pie), is powered by a Qualcomm Snapdragon 8 Series chipset, and has dual 16- and 20-megapixel cameras.
The videos mostly focus on the models — with an odd reference to late Apple co-founder Steve Jobs — but one seems to show the phone’s screen in action (the wallpaper is Pablo Escobar’s 1977 mugshot).
“This is a completely revolutionary device in the mobile world, what Mr. Escobar has done is to cut out all retailers and wholesalers, giving that financial benefit to the consumer,” Escobar Inc. CEO Olof Gustafsson told CNET via email. Escobar Inc. was established in 1984 and is based in the UK. The phones are assembled in Hong Kong via Escobar Inc.’s subsidiary, Pablo Phone LTD.
Gustafsson also noted that the specs of the Escobar Fold 1 are far superior to those of Apple or Samsung devices because those companies use old tech and market it as something new, saying 20-megapixel cameras cost less than $10 in Asia.
“This industry that used to be full of innovation has now become full of companies looking to make profit. It is not for nothing that Apple is the most profitable company in the world, when a computer stand costs more than an iPhone. Long story short, this is absurd, and Mr. Escobar is changing that now.”
By entering the tech industry, the company’s plans to “beat Apple” and will manufacture other “very special products or products that pertain to the legacy of Pablo Escobar.” It isn’t the only relatively unknown company to release a foldable phone — the startup Royole in Fremont, California released a similar device for $1,318, known as the Flexpai phone.
Escobar — the former accountant and co-founder of his deceased brother’s Medellin Cartel — told Digital Trends that the phone won’t suffer from the same durability issues as the Samsung Galaxy Fold. It “cannot break” because the screen is made of “a special type of plastic.”
The dual-SIM phone folds outward, like the Mate X, and you can choose between the 128 GB option ($350) or the 512 GB one ($500). If you’re dissatisfied with the product the site notes that there are no returns or refunds, though Gustafsson says the company will consider some “on a case by case basis.”
Read: For foldable phones, cheap and simple could win out
First published at 4:29 a.m. PT.
Updated at 6:15 a.m. PT: Adds quotes from Olof Gustafsson. 3:13 p.m.: Adds additional information about Escobar Inc.
Watch this:
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Copyright © 2021 Mobile Trend. All rights reserved.
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Opinion |
Trump is hoping for an Iranian miracle. Tehran will not give him one
Marco Carnelos
Published date: 19 June 2020 10:53 UTC | Last update: 7 months ago
Chances are next to nil that Iran would make a new deal with the man who ordered the killing of Qassem Soleimani, the country's top general
US President Donald Trump and Iranian President Hassan Rouhani are pictured separately (AFP)
US President Donald Trump is trying hard to recover from a sharp drop in opinion polls.
His attempt to hold China accountable for his administration’s abysmal performance in managing the coronavirus pandemic, and the bellicose tone he has adopted against protesters angered by the killing of George Floyd, have not inverted the negative trend.
Trump’s use of incendiary rhetoric to mobilise the more nationalist and conservative fringes of the US electorate - especially the white, so-called silent majority - has not reached beyond the constituencies already keen to vote for him.
Desperate gesture
Yet few were prepared for the prospect that the US president might seek a lifebuoy in what has so far been his main nemesis: the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Commenting on the recent successful US-Iran prisoner exchange, Trump urged Tehran to conclude a new agreement with Washington, suggesting that after his foregone re-election on 3 November, conditions for such a deal would become tougher for Iran.
It is difficult to determine whether Trump’s proposal is yet another demonstration of his unscrupulousness, or a desperate gesture further denoting his already obvious weakness.
What guarantees would Tehran have that if re-elected in November, he would not denounce his own agreement, opting instead for a regime-change policy?
In the unrealistic case that the US president should succeed in persuading Iran to sign a new agreement with greater concessions than those granted to former President Barack Obama in the 2015 nuclear deal, he could certainly claim a great political success. But his expectation that the Iranian leadership could be inclined to sign with the current US administration a worse deal than the one it signed in 2015, confirms how far he is from understanding how this leadership thinks and works.
Tehran spent significant political capital in negotiating the 2015 deal with the P5+1, giving up 97 percent of its enriched uranium stockpile and accepting an unparalleled intrusive inspection system managed by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Ignoring such significant accomplishments, the Trump administration withdrew from the deal, delivering a slap to the face of Iran and the other signatories. Adding insult to injury, the US administration is now pretending to maintain its prerogatives as a signatory member by extending a UN ban on weapons sales to Iran, which expires in October. The EU and Russia have rejected this as legally baseless, and China may follow suit.
Mysterious reasoning
Tehran, meanwhile, has already rejected Trump’s offer, adding the prediction that he will not be reelected. Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has been particularly scornful towards the US president’s suggestion.
The impression is that although a Joe Biden presidency would not be an ideal outcome for Iran, Tehran’s leadership prefers to wait and see how events unfold in the coming months.
Regardless of the outcome of the US election, why should Iran trust Trump in any new negotiation? He has achieved nothing after three years of diplomacy with North Korea, and he certainly does not shine for consistency and intellectual honesty - two fundamental requirements for anyone approaching a negotiation seriously and in good faith.
Iranian Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif speaks in Tehran on 22 December (AFP)
Trump has widely and repeatedly shown that he is ready to deny reality, so it is fair to wonder upon what mysterious reasoning the usually cautious and distrustful Iranian leadership would rely on such a bizarre character. What guarantees would Tehran have, upon signing a new agreement with Trump in the coming weeks, that if reelected in November, he would not denounce his own agreement, opting instead for a regime-change policy?
Does anyone really believe that the current narcissistic tenant of the White House might not be tempted in his second term to go down in history as the only US president - after four decades - to succeed where all his predecessors have failed?
Poisoned chalice
Furthermore, a new agreement between the US and Iran should effectively address the various regional dossiers still open - a source of constant recriminations on the US side. The chances that such open issues may be solved appear decidedly slim.
It is uncertain, to say the least, that Iran could deal constructively with the US on regional topics while Israel is set to annex large portions of the occupied West Bank under the shadow of Jared Kushner’s Peace to Prosperity vision; and while the Israeli Air Force continues to use Syria as a firing range; or while US sanctions, through the Caesar Act, are contributing towards pushing Syria and Lebanon to the brink of bankruptcy.
How can we prevent a new Iran nuclear crisis?
No matter what some Washington armchair warriors might think, and despite the double blow of sanctions and the Covid-19 pandemic, Iran continues to pursue its regional strategy, displaying adamant resistance towards the US maximum pressure policy.
Last but not least, Iran’s composite leadership has an outstanding account with the US president: the killing of General Qassem Soleimani. Sooner or later, it may decide to cash this in.
Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, who has always cautioned President Hassan Rouhani about the risks of negotiating with the US, is not likely ready to drink the poisoned chalice of a new agreement with the man who ordered the killing of Iran’s top general.
Iranian leaders have shown pragmatism when necessary, but they will not easily forget the oceanic crowds that took to the streets in January to mourn their master strategist.
The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Middle East Eye.
Marco Carnelos is a former Italian diplomat. He has been assigned to Somalia, Australia and the United Nations. He has served in the foreign policy staff of three Italian prime ministers between 1995 and 2011. More recently he has been Middle East Peace Process Coordinator Special Envoy for Syria for the Italian government and, until November 2017, ambassador of Italy to Iraq.
Iran and the US: A path back from the brink
Seyed Hossein Mousavian
Why US sanctions cannot remove Iran as a key player in the Middle East
Shireen T Hunter
Why the US will not win a war with Iran
Mahan Abedin
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DREAM Act/Deferred Action
Integration Policy
Legalization/Regularization
Selection Systems
Immigration legislative and administrative policies, legal statutes and court decisions, and regulations collectively shape nations' immigration systems—from visa allotments and immigrant-selection mechanisms to immigrant integration programs, border controls, and more. As international migration has increased in size and spread and as a number of nations are more flexibly adjusting their immigration systems, the research offered here examines the many permutations of immigration policy and law, often with a comparative lens.
The First 100 Days: Immigration Policy in the Trump Administration
Immigration and its Discontents: European Elections and Future Policy
Trump Executive Order and DHS Implementation Memo on Border Enforcement: A Brief Review
By Faye Hipsman and Doris Meissner
A Game of Chess, Not Tennis: Unraveling the Rights and Status of “Brexpats”
By Elizabeth Collett and Meghan Benton
As Its Population Ages, Japan Quietly Turns to Immigration
By David Green
Revised Trump Executive Order and Guidance on Refugee Resettlement and Travel Ban
By Sarah Pierce and Doris Meissner
The Long Road Ahead: Status Report on the Implementation of the ASEAN MRAs on Professional Services
By Dovelyn Rannveig Mendoza and Guntur Sugiyarto
Rebuilding after Crisis: Embedding Refugee Integration in Migration Management Systems (Council Statement)
By Demetrios G. Papademetriou, Meghan Benton and Natalia Banulescu-Bogdan
Rethinking Points Systems and Employer-Selected Immigration
Migration and Development: Policy Perspectives from the United States
Migration and the Great Recession: The Transatlantic Experience
Emerging Transatlantic Security Dilemmas in Border Management
Opportunities for Transatlantic Cooperation on International Migration
Improving Immigrants' Employment Prospects through Work-Focused Language Instruction
By Margie McHugh and A.E. Challinor
The Role of Civil Society in EU Migration Policy: Perspectives on the European Union's Engagement in its Neighborhood
By Natalia Banulescu-Bogdan
Republican Congressional Leaders Shelve Immigration Reform for 2014
The small window for enactment of a major U.S. immigration overhaul during 2014 seems to have closed. A trial balloon testing House Republicans’ willingness to proceed this year was quickly floated and dropped. Amid a focus on politics and timing, less noted was the reality that for the first time, House Republican leaders have affirmed support for a policy that would move the party closer to compromise over the most vexing question holding up immigration reform: what to do with the nation’s unauthorized immigrants.
U.S. Immigration Reform Didn't Happen in 2013; Will 2014 Be the Year?
While some argue that the clock has run out on immigration reform in the 113th Congress, which runs through 2014, others counter that the finish line remains in sight.
Naturalization Trends in the United States in 2012
About 757,000 immigrants took U.S. citizenship in 2012, a 9 percent increase from the year before. As of 2012, 46 percent of the nation’s 40.8 million immigrants were naturalized Americans. This article examines the latest naturalization data available for the United States, including historical trends, data by country of origin and state of residence, as well as socioeconomic characteristics of the 18.7 million naturalized U.S. citizens residing in the United States in 2012.
Labor Migration in the United Arab Emirates: Challenges and Responses
The United Arab Emirates has the fifth-largest international migrant stock in the world, with 7.8 million migrants out of a total population of 9.2 million. Heavily reliant on foreign labor to sustain economic growth, the UAE government in 1971 introduced a temporary guest worker program. This article examines the economic, social, and political challenges and implications of the program for the government, Emirati nationals, and migrant workers in the UAE.
Immigration Federalism: Which Policy Prevails?
This article dissects the current patchwork of overlapping and potentially conflicting authorities for immigration enforcement and policymaking in the United States, based on unique, country-wide surveys and city case studies.
As the 100-day milestone for the Trump administration approaches, MPI's Doris Meissner and Muzaffar Chishti are joined by the former Director of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, Julie Myers Wood, and former DHS Assistant Secretary for Policy and Planning C. Stewart Verdery for a discussion of the administration's track record to date on immigration, the policies articulated in its executive orders, legal challenges, reactions by publics and policymakers, and the possible long-term effects of these policies.
Public anxiety about immigration and the fast pace of social change has reached a boiling point in many parts of Europe, contributing (in part) to the ascent of populist far-right parties. This discussion focuses on how the French election is unfolding, what we can learn from Brexit and the Dutch elections, and what these results portend (if anything) for the next round of political contests in Europe. Experts consider how governments can manage broader public concerns about rapid social change, economic opportunity, and security in ways that can reduce public anxiety over immigration and restore the public's trust.
On January 25, 2017, President Trump signed an executive order laying out a series of border enforcement mandates, including constructing a wall along the U.S.-Mexico border and expanding the use of expedited removal. This brief summarizes and analyzes key provisions of the executive order and accompanying Department of Homeland Security implementation guidance, comparing them to earlier policy and practice.
As the process of removing the United Kingdom from the European Union gets underway, the rights of the 1.2 million UK citizens or “Brexpats” who have chosen to live in one of the 27 other EU countries have been largely overshadowed. This MPI Europe commentary explores some of the many complexities ahead in negotiating rights for these individuals in a post-Brexit world.
One of the most rapidly aging societies in the world, Japan is looking to immigration to address increased labor shortages—albeit slowly and largely without public debate. This country profile offers a brief overview of Japan’s migration history and examines the current immigration system, in particular policies and programs to bring in foreign workers, particularly on a temporary basis.
This brief examines President Trump's revised executive order issued in March 2017, replacing an earlier legally contested version suspending travel from certain majority-Muslim countries and pausing the U.S. refugee resettlement program. The brief compares the revised executive order to provisions of the original one, as well as to prior policy and practice.
While it has been years since the Association of Southeast Asian Nations signed accords to facilitate the movement of professionals in seven occupations, implementation of these Mutual Recognition Arrangements remains "painfully slow and uneven across countries." This final report in an MPI-Asian Development Bank series explores MRA implementation by sector, and offers recommendations to help achieve the goal of greater skill mobility in Southeast Asia.
This Transatlantic Council Statement explores the integration questions that the recent refugee and migration crisis in Europe has brought to the fore and their effect on broader governance structures for managing migration. As the immediate pressures have abated, policymakers have refocused their energies on preventing the next crisis and ensuring that newcomers—and the communities in which they settle—have the tools to thrive.
U.S. Immigration Reform Resources
MPI has compiled in one easy-to-access location its key research and data resources on issues, policies, enforcement programs, and more that relate to the immigration reform debate underway in Washington.
New U.S. and State Estimates for Executive Action for Unauthorized Immigrants
As many as 5.2 million unauthorized immigrants could gain relief under new and expanded deferred action programs that President Obama unveiled in November 2014. Check out our U.S. and state breakdowns of the populations that could benefit from the existing Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program or new deferred action program for certain parents of U.S. citizens or legal permanent residents.
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you are here: HomeNewsBusinessReal Estate
COVID-19 impact: DLF to launch a mix of ready-to-move-in and under construction housing units depending on demand and opportunity
The company has also floated a rental programme for luxury units during the lockdown; sees bright future for independent floors going ahead
Vandana Ramnani
In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, leading Delhi-based real estate developer DLF Home Developers Limited’s strategy would be to focus on launch of both completed and under construction units, including independent floors.
The company has also launched a luxury rental programme for its high-end apartments in Gurgaon on the back of demand from existing owners and the expatriate community during the lockdown.
As per a regulatory filing, DLF has under construction housing units spread across 8 m sq ft. These have a sales potential of Rs 12,000 to Rs 15,000 crore. Sales of the first phase of nearly 2 mn sq ft is expected to commence in the fourth quarter of the financial year 2021 or the first quarter of financial year 2022.
The mid-income housing pipeline is expected to be spread across 10 m sq ft and has a sales potential of Rs 5,000 crore. These are expected to be launched in phases commencing in the first half of the financial year 2022.
As for the premium luxury housing, the company has a pipeline of 8.5 mn sq ft with a sales potential of Rs 9,000 crore. The launch of these units is planned in phases over the next four to six quarters commencing in the third quarter of the financial year 2021.
Associate Editor, Real Estate|Moneycontrol News
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In the second quarter this year, the company has seen at least 95 percent collections even during the lockdown phase, the company said.
It should be recollected that DLF’s new business strategy (before the lockdown) had focused on selling only completed homes in order to do away with any uncertainty that may arise on account of delivery timelines. Post the pandemic, the company plans to launch a mix of both completed and under construction housing units.
Besides the company’s super-luxury portfolio that also comprises of residential plots, the company has a ready inventory in projects located across the country.
“Going forward, the company will continue to offer ready-to-move-in inventory while also putting on sale the under construction units,” Aakash Ohri, Senior Executive Director, DLF Home Developers Limited told Moneycontrol.
Aakash Ohri Senior Executive Director DLF Home Developers Limited
“We will be keeping both the ready inventory and the under construction units ready and will take a call on which units to launch in the market and at which part of the cycle. The decision will be driven by opportunity and demand,” he told Moneycontrol.
“Our ready inventory is currently down by half. We were at Rs 12,000 crore of ready inventory earlier this year and are now down to inventory worth Rs 6000 crore. Of this, inventory worth Rs 4,000 crore comprised of super luxury residences. The ratio split between super luxury apartments versus the rest is 70:30,” he said.
The company is also planning to rework ticket sizes to suit mid-income homebuyers and is looking at increasing this portfolio this fiscal.
As for the luxury segment, the company currently has about 75-odd super luxury units that are ready.
Lockdown impact: Rental programme for luxury units
During the pandemic, the company received several enquiries for immediate movement into Golf Link super luxury residences - Camellias. These enquiries were both from owners wanting to move in from their bungalows in South Delhi into their apartments as also from embassies to house expats.
As a result, the company decided to float a rental and leasing arm in June this year.
“This was largely, because a lot of people living in bungalows/ stand-alone homes, realized the kind of challenges they faced during the lockdown in terms of facilities and services, which were provided for seamlessly at the Golf Links residences. As a result we have introduced a luxury rental program of Golf Links,” he told Moneycontrol.
The company has introduced the rental programme for several projects such as Magnolias and Aralias.
On the back of this demand, the Golf Links residences today command perhaps the highest rental yields in the super luxury segment in the country in the range of 3.75 percent to almost 4 percent, he claimed, adding “we have broken the myth that rental yields in India cannot be more than 1.5 percent.”
Bullish on floors
With demand for low-rise plotted developments increasing during the pandemic, the company recently launched independent floors.
“We have launched about 88 floors recently and almost 85 percent of them have been lapped up by end-users,” Ohri said.
The company now plans to launch a similar product in Panchkula Tricity and new Gurgaon and “wherever there is an opportunity in DLF phase 1 to 4,” he said.
“We have realised there is real demand for floors. During the pandemic, people have realised the importance of owning a house and most want to live close to the ground instead of high-rises. These units are priced between Rs 3.7 crore and Rs 4.25 crore. We have so far sold almost 100 units and are now planning to roll out more going forward. We may also venture into Deen Dayal Jan Awas Yojana scheme,” he said.
Sources said that the company is also contemplating launching projects within NCR and beyond.
TAGS: #Covid-19 #DLF #floors #Inventory #Real Estate #rental programme
COVID-19 impact: DLF to launch a mix of ready-to-move-in and under...
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Trump Unleashes More Coronavirus Misinformation on National Television
The president called WHO’s official death rate a “false number” and suggested the sick should still go to work.
Gripas Yuri/ZUMA
As health experts sound the alarm over the Trump administration’s woefully inadequate response to United States’ unfolding coronavirus outbreak, President Trump continued to push misinformation about the virus while offering dangerous public safety advice.
The president cast doubt on the World Health Organization’s estimate that the global death rate from the virus is 3.4 percent, telling Sean Hannity on Wednesday that “I think the 3.4 percent is really a false number—and this is just my hunch—but based on a lot of conversations with a lot of people that do this because a lot of people will have this and it’s very mild. They’ll get better very rapidly, they don’t even see a doctor, they don’t even call a doctor. You never hear about those people.”
He continued by referring to the coronavirus as the “coronaflu.” Later in the phone appearance, Trump appeared to suggest it was fine for people sick with the coronavirus to go to work, once again undermining the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s urgings that the infected should self-isolate and limit outside contact.
“If we have thousands or hundreds of thousands of people that get better just by sitting around and even going to work—some of them go to work—but they get better. Then when you do have a death, like you’ve had in the state of Washington, like you had one in California, I believe you had one in New York,” Trump said. (New York has not yet reported any deaths from the coronavirus.)
In this clip, Trump:
1. Denies WHO’s coronavirus death rate based on “hunch”
2. Calls coronavirus “corona flu”
3. Suggests it’s fine for people w/ Covid-19 to go to work
4. Compares coronavirus to “the regular flu,” indicating he doesn’t get the difference pic.twitter.com/uC9c03zX31
— Aaron Rupar (@atrupar) March 5, 2020
It was the latest in a string of public appearances by the president where he seemed to attempt to minimize the virus’s threat even as documented cases in the US steadily rise. Hours before phoning into Hannity’s Fox News program, Trump debuted a new strategy to combat mounting criticism of his administration’s actions, by falsely claiming that former President Barack Obama, who left office more than 1100 days ago, is to blame for the current delay in testing for the virus.
“The Obama administration made a decision on testing that turned out to be very detrimental to what we’re doing,” Trump claimed at a White House meeting on Wednesday. “We undid that decision a few days ago so that the testing can take place in a much more rapid and accurate fashion.”
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Coronavirus Cases Are Going to Spike This Week
YouTube Creators Cash In on Coronavirus Fears
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Touring & Events
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Plucky Brit: 1969 Scott Flying Squirrel
Check out the profile on the classic British 1969 Scott Flying Squirrel and learn to love or hate this water-cooled 2-stroke Britbike.
Story by Margie Siegal | Photos by Ian Falloon
| July/August 2020
Engine: 596cc liquid-cooled 2-stroke parallel twin, 68.25mm x 74.6mm bore and stroke, 7:1 compression ratio, 30hp at 6,800rpm
Top speed: 85mph (est.)
Carburetion: Single 1-inch Amal carburetor with remote float bowl
Transmission: 3-speed, right foot shift
Electrics: 6-volt, coil and breaker points ignition
Frame/wheelbase: Dual downtube cradle frame/59in (1,499mm)
Suspension: Telescopic forks front, dual shocks rear
Brakes: Twin 7in (178mm) SLS drum front, 8in (203mm) SLS drum rear
Tires: 3.25 x 19in front, 3.5 x 19in rear
Weight (dry): 390lb (177kg)
Saddle height: 30in (762mm)
Fuel capacity: 4gal (15ltr)
“The Great North Road wound away like a flat, steel-grey ribbon. Up it, with the sun and the wind behind them, two black specks moved swiftly. To the yokel in charge of the hay-wagon they were only two of “the dratted motor-cyclists,” as they barked and zoomed past him in rapid succession. A little farther on, a family man, driving delicately with a two seater side car, grinned as the sharp rattle of the OHV Norton was succeeded by the feline shriek of an angry Scott Flying-Squirrel. He, too, in bachelor days, had taken a side in that perennial feud. He sighed regretfully as he watched the racing machines dwindle away northwards.”
Dorothy Sayers,
The Fantastic Horror of the Cat in the Bag (1928)
The Scott motorcycle, the invention of an early mechanical engineer, was totally unlike any other motorcycle built in England, or, for that matter, just about anywhere. For starters, it was a water-cooled 2-stroke. Early gas tanks were drum shaped; later tanks were somewhat triangular, with the radiator squarely up front. Most Scotts were twins, with cylinders inclining forward. Somehow, this very unorthodox machine built an obsessively loyal following almost from the beginning of production. “From the TT wins of 1912 and 1913 until the final rites of the creditors meeting in 1951, I worshiped at the Scott shrine,” wrote Allan Jeffries, a Scott factory trials competitor, in a forward to Jeff Clew’s book, The Scott Motorcycle.
Jeff Clew points out in his book that most people either love or hate Scotts. The longevity of the marque was due to the large number of committed enthusiasts who stayed with the machine through good times and bad. The motorcycle was never officially imported to the U.S., and very few ever made it to this side of the Atlantic. One that did show up in the U.S. is now owned and ridden by Don Danmeier, one of the stalwarts of the Britbike club scene.
A large, polished metal radiator sits at the front of the fuel tank (left). Speedometer with trip gauge (above).
“I saw Scotts at the Manx GP races,” Don explains. “I thought that, if I ever get a 2-stroke, I would get a Scott. I don’t know what it is, I just like goofy English bikes.” Bitten by the Scott bug, Don started a search for one of his own. Scotts are rare, and their owners tend to hang on to them. The first one Don located was a near miss. A Scott came up at auction, but Danmeier found out about it too late. He kept up the search. Eventually he saw this 1969 model, (which he had previously read about in a magazine), at another auction. It had been restored a few years previously, and was still in great shape. Even better, since the bike was already in the U.S., Don would not have to deal with all the import hassles. Danmeier’s was the high bid, and the Scott came home with him. It is one of the few Scotts presently in the U.S. Danmeier is the fifth owner: the fourth owner, who bought it after the restoration, barely rode the bike, and Don got it with less than 25,000 miles on the clock.
Scott history
Since Scott is a virtually unknown make in the U.S., a bit of history is in order. The design was the invention of Alfred Angas Scott, an inventive, but somewhat eccentric, engineer from Yorkshire in Northern England. One of his brothers designed a single cylinder 2-stroke engine, which encouraged Scott to build a twin-cylinder 2-stroke engine in 1897 or 1898, which he attached to a bicycle. Scott also experimented with marine engines and patented one in 1904. The experiments with marine engines and bicycles led to the Scott motorcycle, first built in 1908. Scott entered his new two-wheeler in local hill climbs and won several of these events. These victories, and the fact that the bike had a kickstarter and didn’t have to be exhaustingly pedaled to start like most other motorcycles of the period, brought in customers. In 1912, a Scott rider won the Isle of Man TT. The publicity from this victory brought in so many orders that Scott had to move to a bigger factory. The win was repeated in 1913. Shortly afterwards, World War I broke out, and Scott turned to making machine gun equipped sidecar outfits. After the war, Alfred Scott resigned his position with the company in order to build a three-wheeled car billed as the Scott Sociable. The Scott company reorganized and kept building motorcycles.
In 1921, the Scott company introduced a 486cc sport model, and named it the Scott Squirrel. This sporty Scott soon became known as the Flying Squirrel. Exactly why this name was chosen has never been explained. A contemporary advertising slogan ran, “As lively as a Squirrel and never sheds a nut” — which seems a little odd, even by 1920s advertising standards. It had aluminum alloy pistons, footpegs instead of footboards, sport handlebars and was guaranteed to hit 60mph — probably faster than was possible on most English roads of the period. Later that year, Scott designed a “Colonial” version, a forerunner of today’s adventure bikes, with wide tires and 8 inches of ground clearance.
Scott kept up its involvement with racing. After World War I, 4-stroke engine development outpaced 2-stroke engine development, and what had originally been excellent advertising for the company gradually turned into a very expensive hobby. Although Scott gradually improved its machines during the rest of the Roaring Twenties, its race bikes simply could not keep up with rivals Norton and Velocette. The factory race team was relegated to mid-pack, and often didn’t finish, due to mechanical issues. With outgo exceeding income, the Scott company regularly skirted financial disaster.
One form of competition that did work out well for the Scott factory was speedway racing, which packed in the crowds after 1928. One of the major English stars was Frank Varey, who rode a Scott. Piggybacking on the good publicity, Scott produced a popular production speedway model.
Tough years
1930 brought the start of the Depression. Scott sales dropped, and the company was placed under a receiver, who managed to keep the assembly lines rolling. Scott stopped entering a factory race team in the Isle of Man TT and other professional events. Despite running on a shoestring, the company continued to improve the product. Foot shift became an option in 1933, followed by a 4-speed gearbox in 1934. A plunger frame was introduced in late 1938. After the outbreak of World War II, Scott stopped producing motorcycles for the duration, but stayed busy doing contract work.
The 596cc liquid-cooled parallel twin makes 35 horsepower at 6,800rpm, enough to propel the bike to a top speed of 85mph.
Motorcycle production resumed in late 1946 or 1947, with a 596cc version of the Flying Squirrel. A few girder fork machines were built at the start, but most postwar Flying Squirrels have pneumatic telescopic forks, with no springs. These forks, patented by Dowty Equipment Limited, work well as long as the synthetic rubber seals stay in good condition and no dirt works its way in from a rusty pump. In 1948, Scott announced that it was retiring its long used magneto/generator combination and replacing it with an alternator.
At this point, the Scott company ran out of luck. The post-World War II era was one of consolidation in the British motorcycle industry, with many smaller companies closing their doors or being taken over by larger ones. Even Scott’s archenemy, Norton, was bought by AMC in 1953. A major issue was the need to export in order to get allotments of steel and other necessary raw materials. Scotts were only sold in England, and, to make matters worse, were relatively expensive. Scott went into voluntary liquidation in 1950.
This was not the end of Scott. Aerco Jig and Tool Co., run by Matt Holder, a longtime Scott enthusiast, took over production and kept the name. For a while, Aerco sold only leftover bikes built by the old Scott company, but in July 1954, Aerco announced new prototypes, with swingarm rear suspension and front forks with internal springs. These finally went on sale in June 1956, with 7-inch twin-leading-shoe drum brakes in front and alternator electrics. Don Danmeier thinks that the majority of the engine parts used on Aerco bikes were actually cast for the original Scott company.
The twin-leading-shoe 7-inch front drum brake.
While Aerco was marketing 596cc Scotts on a limited basis (total Aerco production may have totaled 530 machines), George Silk started building motorcycles based loosely on the Scott, but heavily upgraded. The Silk, which first appeared in 1971, was both fast and very light. Silk production continued until 1979. Aerco continued Scott production until about the same year. The company is still in business (in Meriden, England, the former home of the Triumph factory) and makes parts for Velocettes and Vincents, in addition to Scott parts.
Similar to other British enthusiast marques, the end of production did not end the tale of Scott. The Scott Owners Club has about 700 members worldwide, and puts on events in England. Parts are available from several English retailers. Some owners are vintage racing their bikes. The few U.S. owners have discussions on an online forum.
Don’s Scott
Don Danmeier’s Flying Squirrel was one of only two motorcycles Aerco built in 1969, due to having to move the factory to a new location. The bike was available in either maroon or black, and although the transmission had only three gears, a prospective owner had a choice of gearbox ratios. This bike had been completely restored by Scott Bender in England. Bender’s father loved Scotts and named his son after the marque. Bender replated the rims and renewed the chrome and paint (apparently the bike fell against a lathe the owner was operating at some point) but left the engine alone.
Other than the updated cosmetics, as far as Danmeier knows, this Flying Squirrel is exactly how it left the factory. It has very little in common with other bikes manufactured in England at this time or other contemporary 2-strokes. The engine does not have an expansion chamber, and the carburetor has a remote float to help it cope with the forward facing cylinders. Scotts have a reputation for easy kickstarting, and this one is no exception. “You flip the choke, tickle the carburetor and kick twice. That’s it. Open the choke and you’re off.”
The 2-into-1 exhaust ends in a muffler on the right side of the bike (left). The Scott logo on the fuel tank (right).
Once going, the Flying Squirrel continues to be different than the average bike. The friction clutch slides up and down. “It’s an odd sensation — it doesn’t feel like a clutch. You have to sense where to shift.” Jeff Clew states that the Achilles heel of the bike is the Pilgrim oil pump, which is mounted on the right side, and — in another unusual feature — has an adjustable sight feed. The Scott is one of the few post-World War II motorcycles that has an adjustable oil pump, since most manufacturers went to automatic pumps in the 1930s. The pump feeds oil to the engine, so that there is no need to mix 2-stroke oil with the gasoline, but the sight feed has to be checked on a regular basis to make sure that the pump is working properly.
The front brake is double sided, another unusual item. It consists of a set of single-leading-shoe drum brakes, one on each side of the wheel. According to Danmeier, it “works great.” The sound is also unique, for a motorcycle, anyway: “It sounds like an Evinrude outboard.” The Scott is not terribly quick off the line, but Danmeier says he has had it up to 70mph and thinks it will do 85. It is powerful enough, and has good enough brakes, to keep up in modern traffic. Over the years, Scotts acquired a reputation for great handling, and this one is no exception. Danmeier credits the low center of gravity for the excellent road manners. The well thought-out triangulated frame also helps. Power delivery is very smooth, and the bike doesn’t shake. Once you get to where you are going, the Scott is easy to park. “The leading edge of the centerstand is rounded, and it rolls right up on the stand.”
“It’s gorgeous. It’s the only bike I ever bought for which I didn’t have to correct anything.” MC
huskyfrk
ITS A work of art. beautiful
Wayne L
I believe that The Barber Museum has a very early Scott and a Silk motorcycle, .
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DESIGN IN A HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Kerkplein Hoorn under constuction
Just over a year and a half after MTD landscape architects presented the first sketches for the Kerkplein and its surroundings in Hoorn, the first cobblestones of the square floor were "put under the hammer" on Wednesday 26 February 2020 by Alderman Samir Bashara and Annet Kwantes.
The redesign of Kerkplein, Kerkstraat, Breestraat and Nieuwstraat represents a complete metamorphosis of this part of the center of Hoorn. It has taken shape within an intensive participation process, which has ended many years of discussion between residents, entrepreneurs and the board.
Kerkplein and its surroundings are historically an important place in the city center of Hoorn. Several churches have stood here over the centuries. However, with the disappearance of the ecclesiastical function, this place has become shattered. The design plan aims to give this place back the allure of yesteryear; inspired by historical photos and map images but with a new contemporary meaning as a city square for meeting and events.
New for Hoorn is the introduction of the Shared Space principle in this part of the city. This takes shape with a square floor materialized in Portuguese granite boulders. The place of the church is marked by a Belgian hard stone platform around the tower. This platform will also provide space for a terrace in front of the five-star hotel to be developed in the church.
The development plan emphasizes the greening of public space; a large number of trees have been introduced for this purpose. Even in the implementation preparation phase, places were still sought to plant additional trees.
The square is given allure by a special water element, in which three eras of churches can be depicted with different spray images, and furnishing elements specially designed for Hoorn. The lighting on the square has also received special attention with special light poles and the lighting of the striking buildings according to a lighting plan by I.P.V. Delft.
The project was prepared in a construction team with contractor Van Der Weerd from Graphorst, who commissioned specialist road workers from Portugal to carry out the street work at the request of MTD. The planning is aimed at having the Kerkplein ready in June. Nieuwstraat will be completed after the annual fair.
MTD is responsible for the design, implementation preparation and aesthetic supervision during the realization of the square. This guarantees the spatial quality and coherence with the design down to the smallest detail.
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AIA-NJ UPDATES
2015 NJ code update
AIA New Jersey
On Sept. 21, 2015, New Jersey formally adopted the 2015 ICC series of codes including the International Building Code (IBC), the International Residential Code (IRC), the International Mechanical Code (IMC), the International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC) and the International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) along with the National Electric Code NFPA 70-2014. READ MORE
2016 gala honors NJ architecture
On Jan. 30, the AIA-NJ honored the collective achievements of its members and leadership at the Park Savoy in Florham Park, New Jersey. The organization honored those who served AIA-NJ in 2015, while formally installing its 2016 slate of officers, providing a glimpse into who will be leading the organization in the coming year. The lively affair, which attracted more than 200 architects, friends and family, included cocktails, dinner, dancing and live music. READ MORE
GRAPHISOFT student design competition
GRAPHISOFT North America announces an exciting student design competition that challenges you to position Philadelphia's rich history in front of the millions of tourists who visit it annually. The City of Brotherly Love hosts dozens of concerts, conventions, sporting events, and festivals — so the draw is there, but what the city lacks are temporary mobile visitor centers that can be brought to those venues and welcome event attendees. READ MORE
Memorial Scholarship available
Carl Feltz, Jr., AIA, was instrumental in the design of commercial structures such as airports, resorts, churches, hospitals, restaurants and professional office buildings. During his career, Mr. Feltz also lent his talents to the design of individual homes and condominiums with his office located in Point Pleasant. Civic- minded in nature, Mr. Feltz served as a Member and Chairman of the Point Pleasant Borough Planning Board, Member and Past President of the Point Pleasant Rotary Club, Chairman of the Point Pleasant Tourism Council and Member of the American Institute of Architects. This scholarship, established by OceanFirst Foundation, honors the legacy and many contributions of Carl Feltz, Jr., Former Trustee of OceanFirst Foundation. READ MORE
NJIT Design Showcase 2016
Register today for Design Showcase 2016!
Thursday, April 7, 2016 Weston Hall Gallery
To register, sponsor and for more information visit this site: Design Showcase 2016 or contact Tracy Bermeo at tbermeo@njit.edu or at 973-596-5531. READ MORE
Maplewood Library RFQ
On Feb. 19, 2016, Maplewood Memorial Library issued a Request for Qualifications (RFQ): Architectural Services for Conceptual Design. The RFQ and related information can be found on the Maplewood Library website at Maplewood Library: Building for the Future. READ MORE
CE Academy Continuing Education event
CE Academy organizes 4-8 hours of continuing education in a seminar format so you can earn multiple CE Hours (LU's) in one day. All courses are educational in content and AIA registered. Many courses also offer continuing education hours for GBCI, GBCI for LEED Professionals, ADA (American Disabilities Act), State specific requirements, and other specialty hours. READ MORE
CSI New Jersey 2016 trade show and seminar event — 'New Technologies for Historic Buildings'
CSI-New Jersey Chapter
The 2016 New Jersey CSI Chapter Trade Show and Education Day will explore the ways in which teams and teamwork contribute to better building, using recently-completed projects as examples. Come and learn with us, share your knowledge with us, and interact with others who share your quest for doing a better job of designing and constructing buildings. READ MORE
NCARB shares more details about the new architect registration examination
NCARB is shaking things up. The next update to the Architect Registration Examination (ARE) — the final stop for many architects on the some-would-argue-too-long path to licensure — adds new question types, cuts down the exam duration from 33.5 hours to 25.5 hours, and swaps the longstanding design vignettes for case studies, NCARB announced. READ MORE
Women in Architecture's 2016 survey finds widened gender disparities
Arch Daily
The Architectural Review has released the results of the fifth annual Women in Architecture survey, providing insights into the experiences of over 1,000 women worldwide. One out of five women responding to the survey said that they would not encourage a woman to start a career in architecture, and a similar proportion said they were unsure — only six out of ten overall would recommend an architectural career to another woman. READ MORE
Democratizing the production of architecture
Interactive Architecture Lab
Architecture is a pervasive presence in our lives. In fact, buildings are so ubiquitous that the general terms for position in English, 'inside' and 'outside', place us in constant reference to which side of architecture we are located, and shelter is considered a universal and basic human need. However, the production of architecture has undergone radical change. Whereas vernacular, or 'people-built', architecture used to be the norm, today there are strict regulations that determine who can legally build architecture. These norms for architectural design 'harden' the design process insofar as the production of architecture is complicated by building codes, laws and professional status. READ MORE
Why modern architecture came back, and what it looks like now
Last year, the Kansas City, Missouri-based firm Hufft Projects completed their challenging and intricate restoration of the Snower House, designed by famed architect Marcel Breuer in 1954. Located in the upscale neighborhood of Mission Hills, the 1,900-square-foot home is a Modernist gem. With its flat roof, archly rectangular structure, open living areas, and cantilevered first floor, it is a classic example of what Modernist architects were rightly renowned for: light-filled interiors, the use of industrial or readily available materials, and the creation of small, elegant spaces that were joyously livable. Robert Snower and his wife lived in the house until the former died in 2013 at the age of 90, almost sixty years after moving in. READ MORE
UT architecture dean cites campus carry gun law as a reason for his departure
The University of Texas at Austin's longtime architecture dean announced last week he is leaving, saying the state's new campus carry law played a major role in pushing him out. Fritz Steiner will take over as dean of University of Pennsylvania School of Design on July 1. The job offers an opportunity to join the Ivy League and return to the school where he earned three postgraduate degrees. But Steiner said he has turned down similar opportunities in the past, and probably would have done the same if people weren't going to be allowed to carry guns in classrooms and other places on the UT-Austin campus next school year. READ MORE
Lawrence P. Powers, Esq.
Counsel to AIA-NJ
lpowers@hoaglandlongo.com
The New Jersey Architect
Connect with AIA New Jersey
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414 River View Plaza | Trenton, NJ 08611 | 609-393-5690 | Contact Us
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Tag: FIFA Coins
FIFA 21 Next-gen Version Arrives On December 4
There is good news for all FIFA 21 lovers, as EA Sports has already announced the official release date of the next-gen version of this hugely popular soccer simulation video game.
FIFA 21 will be released on December 4 on PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X, in a version that will take advantage of all the graphic power of new technologies to create a much more realistic and immersive experience for all players.
In the same way, Electronic Arts highlighted that they will take advantage of the haptic capabilities of the PS5 DualSense Controller to offer a more precise gameplay and with the highest possible fidelity for all users who will enjoy the game on the new Sony console.
PS4 users will be able to redeem the game on PS5 for free.
Another piece of good news is that EA Sports has confirmed that all players who have purchased FIFA 21 on their PlayStation 4 or Xbox One version have the right to redeem the next-gen version of the game at no additional cost.
This means that PlayStation 5 players who have the game on PS4 will only need to log in with their account and enter the PS Store to download FIFA 21 for free. The same goes for Xbox Series users who have the game on Xbox One, they just need to access their account and download the game from the store.
However, the developer clarified that players will only have the right to claim their next-gen version before FIFA 22 is released. After this period, this feature will be removed.
In turn, EA Sports also confirmed that users will be able to continue their progress in FIFA Ultimate Team and transfer all the content of VOLTA mode from their PS4 / Xbox One to their PS5 / Xbox Series, so you should not be afraid; you won’t lose your data.
Madden NFL 21 also arrives the same day
Another piece of news that we cannot miss is that Madden NFL 21 will also be released on PS5 and Xbox Series on December 4, ideal for all fans who enjoy both sports.
As in FIFA 21, PS4 and Xbox One players will be able to redeem the PS5 and Xbox Series versions on their new consoles for free, so you won’t have to worry about that in this title either.
FIFA 21 on PS5 and Xbox Series will include FUT, CareerMode, and more.
FIFA 21 will arrive on PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series with all its content, including of course its famous FIFA Ultimate Team mode, so from now on you can get ready to buy FIFA 21 Coins and build the team to compete in this new generation.
VOLTA and Career modes are also included in this version of the title, with a spectacular soundtrack that will make your stays in the game’s menus just to hear those tunes.
(Contributed by José D. Villalobos; Edited by Hermes_Fang)
https://www.futeamgo.com/
Categories: Management
Tags: FIFA 21, FIFA 21 release date, FIFA Coins, FIFA Ultimate Team, FUT
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Les Frères Duport – The Paris Sonatas
Guillermo Turina, Manuel Minguillon
Qualities Choose an optionFLAC 96kHzFLAC 192kHzDSD 64fsDSD 128fsDSD 256fsDSD 512fsDXD
Channels Choose an option2ch5chBinaural2ch & Binaural2ch & 5ch2ch & 5ch & Binaural Clear
Jean-Pierre and Jean-Louis Duport were two of the most important musicians of their time. Their influence has been decisive for the place the cello occupies nowadays. Born in Paris in 1741 and 1749 respectively, they took their first musical steps in the same city. Jean-Pierre began his studies with the renowned cellist Martin Berteau, and made his public début with one of his sonatas in 1761 in one of the Concert Spirituel organized in the Tuileries Palace, with immediate success. He quickly became one of the regular musicians in those soirées, praised by the critics. As the Mercure the France said, “the instrument is no longer recognizable in his hands. It talks, expresses, makes everything go beyond this charm which only the violin was thought to have”. Following in his brothers footsteps Jean-Louis’ début in front of a Parisian audience was on the same stage in 1768, after being taught by his older brother. Naturally, he gained public recognition in these concerts, in which he played until the early 1770s. Like all the great musicians of their time, the Duport brothers wanted to try their fortune in front of a London audience. Although they did not travel together, they both achieved great success in the English scene. However, they still had to make the journey that would change their lives and the history of the cello forever. Jean-Pierre travelled to Germany in 1773 with the intention of giving some concerts; shortly after, he was already working in the court of Frederick “the Great” of Prussia. His abilities did not go unnoticed, so he was named superintendent of music in 1786, with the accession of Frederick William II to the throne. This could have been the reason, alongside the outbreak of the French Revolution, why Jean-Louis joined his brother in 1789 and was appointed first cellist of the court.
The flourishing and musical quality of that court, together with the monarch’s interests, made the best musicians visit it and compose for the Duport brothers. Such is the case with Haydn and Mozart, and their Prussian Quartets, and of Beethoven, who wrote his sonatas Op.5 to play with them. These were the first sonatas for cello and piano in the history of music. Moreover, during those years, Jean-Pierre wrote his last book of sonatas and Jean-Louis, his famous method Essai sur le Doigté du Violoncelle et sur la Conduite de l’Archet.
Sonata I. Op.1 - Allegro
Sonata I. Op.1 - Adagio
Sonata I. Op.1 - Minuetto avec variations
Sonata IV. Op.2 - Allegro
Sonata IV. Op.2 - Adagio
Sonata IV. Op.2 - Allegro molto
Sonata V. Op.2 - Allegro
Sonata V. Op.2 - Adagio
Sonata V. Op.2 - Presto
Sonata I. Op.2 - Rondeau
Sonata II. Op.2 - Allegro moderato
Sonata II. Op.2 - Variations
Sonata III. Op.2 - Allegro
Sonata III. Op.2 - Siciliano
Sonata III. Op.2 - Tempo di Minuetto
COBRA0073
FLAC 96kHz, FLAC 192kHz, DSD 64fs, DSD 128fs, DSD 256fs, DSD 512fs, DXD
2ch, 5ch, Binaural, 2ch & Binaural, 2ch & 5ch, 2ch & 5ch & Binaural
Acoustic Revive
HAPI, Merging Technologies
Tom Peeters
Bruel & Kjaer 4003 modified by Rens Heijnis
October 24,25,26 2019
Koepelkerk, Renswoude, The Netherlands
Pyramix, Merging Technologies
KEF 105/3
Luister, mei 2020 5 out of 5
Het boeiende van deze composities is vooral de veelzijdige en al volwassen behandeling van het cellospel. In warme klanken geven de Spaanse musici Turina (cello) en Minguillón (luit en gitaar) deze sonates met hun toegewijde en technisch tot in de puntjes verzorgde spel een gouden randje.======================================== The fascinating thing about these compositions is the versatile and already mature treatment of the cello playing. In warm sounds, the Spanish musicians Turina (cello) and Minguillón (lute and guitar) give these sonatas a golden edge with their dedicated and technically perfect play.
Frank Hougee
ResMusica april 2020
“Guillermo Turina combining all the required qualities, his service is appreciable even fascinating from start to finish. We are charmed by the clarity of the melodic line, by phrasing which makes us think of human song in the best sense of the term, by bright and colorful highs (never sweet), revealing a refined expressive power. Added to this is the agility of the fingering, even in passages subjected to a relatively quick tempo, as in Presto, the finale of Sonata V op. 2 by Jean-Pierre Duport. Turina signs an exemplary execution of these pages with precision in attacking the strings, far from any pretentious demonstration, with a suitably measured expression, with the lightness of the bow, and finally thanks to the tuning fork tuned to 415 Hz, typical of the German baroque , allowing you to savor a different timbre from the one we hear today.
As for the accompaniment, Manuel Minguillón proves to be a chamber musician attentive to the breathing of the soloist, who by the flexibility of the articulation and the delicacy of the touch, succeeds in establishing an exquisite dialogue with the cellist, making us perceive the beauty of counterpoints and the harmonic elegance that these works contain.
Here is a jubilant disc which allows to better understand the transition between baroque and classicism. Note also that the sound recording is remarkable, supported by a balance which, thanks to the microphones arranged neither too close nor too far, gives the impression of attending a concert.”
Maciej Chizynski - Source
Of the two cellists Jean-Pierre (1741-1818) and Jean-Louis Duport (1749-1819), cellist Guillermo Turina and lute player / guitarist Manuel Minguillon play six cello sonatas. The cello accompanied by plucked instruments was not uncommon at the time. The two musicians play these works in the fast movements in an extremely vital and dance-like manner, while the slow movements are carefully explored. The cellist’s virtuosity and richness of colors is very impressive.
Remy Franck - Source
Opus Klassiek, march 2020
Grote waardering voor deze Spaanse musici die niet alleen deze sonates aan de vergetelheid hebben ontrukt, maar in hun spel ook blijk geven van groot expressief engagement in een technisch perfecte omlijsting.
Great appreciation for these Spanish musicians who not only removed these sonatas from oblivion, but also demonstrate in their playing great expressive commitment in a technically perfect frame – Aart van der Wal
Aart van der Wal - Source
Higher Rate ProgramNot available on SACD
Cobra Records 52 albums
Frei Aber Einsam (Free But Lonely)
Cuarteto Quiroga
Marianne Boer, Nienke Oostenrijk
The Cello’s Russian Voice
DMITRY FERSCHTMAN, MILA BASLAWSKAJA
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Villarreal vs Alaves LaLiga Match
0 0 Blogger Monday, September 28, 2020 Edit this post
Villarreal vs Alaves LaLiga Match Preview or Key Statistics ⚽️☑️
Villarreal have won their last two clashes against Alavés in Laliga and they could win three consecutive games against Vitoria's team for the second time in the top- flight after doing so between September 2000 and November 2001.
Deportivo Alavés have won three of their last four away matches against Villarreal in Laliga (L1), with La Cerámica being the stadium with the most away wins for them since their return to the top-flight in 16/17 (3).
Villarreal have won four of their last six home Laliga games against rivals from Basque Country (D1 L1), including the only one played so far this season (2-1 vs Eibar).
Villarreal have lost just two of their last eight home games in Laliga (W4 D2), none so far this season (W1 D1).
Alavés have won only one of their last 10 Laliga away games (D2 L7), 2-1 against Real Betis in July, conceding in all 10 games.
Only Valencia (59) have faced more shots in Laliga this season than Villarreal (39), and only Granada (7) have conceded more goals than the Yellow team in the competition this season (6).
Alaves havent scored in 11 LaLiga games in 2020 (10/14 games), more than any other team this year. Villarreal's Daniel Parejo has been involved in five goals in his seven LaLiga clashes against Alavés (four goals and one assist), all ive via set pieces (two penalty goals, two direct free kicks and one assist from a corner kick).
This will be the first match for Unai Emery as a coach against Alavés in Laliga. His only two meetings before were with Almeria in LaLiga SmartBank in 06/07 failing to win either game (D1 L1) Alavés coach; Pablo Machín, has won only one of his five matches against Villarreal in LaLiga (D1 L3) without scoring in the last three (two with Sevilla and one with Espanyol.
My Hack Stuff: Villarreal vs Alaves LaLiga Match
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nhL5XQB2jtg/X3H22_5R5ZI/AAAAAAAABpI/g9KS_HqW_WcRMpULo6yDhAr9HI4cvD7SQCLcBGAsYHQ/s320/916518912.jpg.0.jpg
https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-nhL5XQB2jtg/X3H22_5R5ZI/AAAAAAAABpI/g9KS_HqW_WcRMpULo6yDhAr9HI4cvD7SQCLcBGAsYHQ/s72-c/916518912.jpg.0.jpg
https://www.myhackstuff.com/2020/09/villarreal-vs-alaves-laliga-match.html
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Back Arrow MJL Hub
Kaddish Minyan with Rabbi Danielle Upbin (Thursdays)
Hosted By: My Jewish Learning
My Jewish Learning offers a place for people to come together each weekday for a few minutes of Torah teaching and a group recitation of the Mourner’s Kaddish.
Thursday’s minyan is led by Rabbi Danielle Upbin.
You can sign up for reminders here.
Thu. Dec. 03, 2020
MJL's Kaddish minyan runs every weekday.
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Rabbi Danielle Upbin
Rabbi Danielle Upbin is the associate rabbi at Congregation Beth Shalom in Clearwater, Florida, and a community educator for My Jewish Learning and the Jewish Federation of Florida's Gulf Coast. She is also a certified yoga instructor and professionally trained singer who released her debut album, Reveal the Light, in 2012. Rabbi Upbin was ordained by the Jewish Theological Seminary in 2002 and holds a bachelor's degree in political science from Barnard College.
See All Events From This Teacher
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Sun. Jan. 24, 2021 @ 2:00 pm EST
“Halleluja- Synagogues Past and Present” Online Virtual Tour Series
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Where to Stream Yom Kippur Services for Free
Where to find a free online service for the Day of Atonement.
Rosh Hashanah 101
The Jewish New Year is a time of rejoicing and serious introspection.
Tisha B’Av FAQ
Your questions about the Jewish day of mourning answered.
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Trump Supporters Say They Must Close Chicago Business After Threats
At one point, the couple says, someone left a note under their door that read, “I hope nothing happens to your business like a fire or a brick through the window"
Published March 20, 2017 • Updated on March 20, 2017 at 7:15 pm
Chicago business owners say they were forced to close their North Center shop after they were “outed” as supporters of President Donald Trump last year.
Suzzanne Monk, who owns Worlds of Music Chicago along with her husband Alexander Duvel, said she attended Trump’s canceled speech and rally at the University of Illinois at Chicago last March.
Duvel posted on Facebook about his wife’s attendance, and while the couple said they had always managed to keep their political beliefs separate from their business, that one “seemingly innocent” Facebook post would lead to a controversy they never anticipated.
NBC 5 Responds 7 mins ago
After Duvel’s post, which commented on the violence his wife witnessed at the event, the pair said someone who knew them began calling them out on social media and harrassing them for supporting of Trump. That criticism then transferred over to their business and they soon started receiving negative reviews online and ultimately threats.
At one point, someone left a note under their door that read, “I hope nothing happens to your business like a fire or a brick through the window," Monk said.
“It’s extremely disheartening for me being basically a life-long Chicagoan and being involved in so many very, very diverse musical communities,” Monk said. “Artists were supposed to be the people with the thick skins who could deal with controversial material.”
The couple eventually filed a police report in September against a “motivated stalker” they said would text them hateful comments and make open threats. Police could not immediately confirm the report.
Soon, the store began losing money at increasing rates, forcing the couple to cut employee hours and soon close their doors.
“These lies about us have even turned longtime friends and fellow musicians away, because to work or do business with us has or will harm their own reputations,” Monk wrote on a GoFundMe page sharing her story.
The store is now slated to close April 27 and the business will transition to an online-only shop. The couple started the GoFundMe campaign to help with that transition.
Monk and Duvel said their online business will be “an openly pro Trump business” and will “proudly boast our support for the 45th president.”
“Without the risk of a physical location to worry about, we feel safer doing the one thing that defeats the haters: tell the truth,” the GoFundMe page reads.
The couple plans to eventually move out of Chicago and to the East Coast, saying they never expected their political views would result in such bullying and cause a negative impact on their business.
“There is a culture we have in the city right now that is anti-Trump, Trump silencing and that’s one of the things we really want to move away from,” Monk said.
The GoFundMe campaign has so far raised more than $16,500 with a goal of $30,000.
Donald TrumpChicagoPresidentfacebookIllinois
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Chicago Baseball
Sale Returns But Cubs Beat Sox 3-1
Sale greeted by teammates after five-day suspension for cutting up jerseys
Published July 28, 2016 • Updated on July 29, 2016 at 12:00 am
Chris Sale returned from his jersey-trashing suspension and threw six effective innings, but John Lackey outpitched him and Aroldis Chapman got the final four outs to save the Cubs' 3-1 victory over the White Sox in Chicago's rivalry series Thursday night.
Sale (14-4) was greeted with smiles and hugs from his teammates following a five-day ban for tearing up 1976-style uniforms he didn't want to wear before his previous scheduled start. He had command issues, but worked out of trouble while allowing two runs and six hits.
Lackey (8-7) allowed one run in six innings for his first win since June 8. Chapman, in his second appearance since being acquired from the Yankees, struck out two and consistently hit 102 mph in his first save for his new team.
jared porter 11 hours ago
Mets Fire New GM After He Admits Sending Explicit Photos to Reporter While Working for Cubs in 2016
Tyler Chatwood 22 hours ago
Former Cubs Pitcher Tyler Chatwood Reportedly Reaches Deal With Blue Jays
Kris Bryant, who homered against Sale in the All-Star Game, hit an RBI double off the center field wall in the first inning. Ben Zobrist added an RBI single in the third and doubled and scored in the eighth as the Cubs earned a split of the four-game series and spoiled Sale's night.
The lefty was scratched from his start Saturday, sent home and then suspended five days for cutting up a number of collared throwback jerseys the team was supposed to wear for the game. Sale said they were uncomfortable and became enraged when the team wouldn't switch them out.
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Kam Carman Married, Wedding, Age, Biography, Wikipedia, Fox 2 Detroit
Name Kam Carman Kam Carman Wiki / Background Information Introduction : Kam Carman, who is well known for her TV & radio broadcasts on ...
Name Kam Carman
Kam Carman Wiki / Background Information
Kam Carman, who is well known for her TV & radio broadcasts on Fox News and WNIC, has also appeared in ads, two movies and is a six-time Emmy winner.
With her slim body & elegant blonde hair, it is no wonder that in 2016, the TV celebrity made the list of nominees for "Most Beautiful Female Newscaster or Weathergirl" by Blue White Illustrated.
For over two decades, Kim has been rounding up the morning news with her contagious personality & friendly spirit.
Early Life & Family Details :
Parents: The father of Kam, Ted Carman, was an ex-marine. During a traffic crash on January 25, 2017, the 83-year-old was seriously hurt.
Jacqueline and Kellan, who were single mothers of twin girls, were born in 2001. The precise definition
Education & College :
Kam was studying at Cortez High School in Phoenix, Arizona, in Class 82.
She went on to research broadcast journalism at the University of Northern Arizona in 1982, and graduated in 1986 with a bachelor's degree.
TV Career Timeline : Salary & Net Worth
1989 to 1991: Kickstarted her presentation career with The Weather Station, the Atlanta-based television network, as an on-screen meteorologist.
Kam landed her job as a news anchor at WJBK Fox 2, in the Greater Detroit Area, in Feb 1991. Kam's career with Fox, common with spectators, lasted for almost 24 years!
She shocked her fans in September of 2014 by quitting the station. Kam co-hosted the morning news show, 'The Nine,' over her last 5 years with Fox 2.
For the Magic Morning Show and Magic 105.1, she has even presented the weather forecast.
Work Besides Television :
Kam’s radio broadcasting career is almost as long as her TV presenting career, for just over 23 years, she has worked on 100.3 WNIC.
As of 2017, she has been co-hosting alongside Jay Towers on the morning show.
She has also featured in two movies – first, in the Al Pacino movie “You Don’t Know Jack,” released in April 2010, followed by ‘Conviction,’ a biographical murder drama released in November 2010.
Carman played a small part of a reporter in both movies.
Charity Work :
Kam has a charitable personality – In 2016, she hosted Goodwill’s Fall Fashion Show in Livonia, Greater Detroit.
She also organized the “Wedding Drive” for Non-Profit organization, Lighthouse of Oakland County in 2007 & promoted the Foster Children’s “Birthday in a Bag” campaign in Michigan in Dec. 2012.
Trivia & Fun Facts :
Kam almost gave up her offer to work for WJBK, as her mother was ill at the time and so she could not devote herself to the role of the TV network.
Lucky for her, when her mother recuperated, WJBK was able to keep the role for her.
Apparently, Kam has been taught by the weather forecasting firm that audiences do not think too much about the weather itself and only want to hear about any 'hazards' & how best to wear that day.
NCERT Point | Wiki Biography Net Worth: Kam Carman Married, Wedding, Age, Biography, Wikipedia, Fox 2 Detroit
https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Lvos4qLDTinbyp-Azfot1DBRvaeGx8TdyZwTXrEYkxE_ECua9uH328glJ0o0VC168Qla1LJ71GG67q5AXKYWna-jwl3wfcKJHqcAMdM3vcCHVm1aACle95zZ4GnrbHLg6wUFbHoy=s16000
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https://www.ncertpoint.com/2021/01/kam-carman-married-wedding-age.html
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Book Review: Yours Forever by Nimmu
Book Name: Yours Forever
Author: Nimmu
Publisher: Fingerprint
Review: 3.8/5
Book Blurb: What happens when you fall in love with someone who has vowed to never love again?
Sneha’s luck is cursed. What she had anticipated to be a joyous ride into her residency, turns into a scene from hell when the man she had an altercation with on her first day, turns out to be her supervisor, Dr. Shiva a.k.a. Dr. Hothead a.k.a. The Ice King. And just when she thinks life can’t get any worse than this, the unthinkable happens. She falls in love with him!
From a man she loathes, Shiva turns into the love of her life.
But he has had enough of heartbreaks to last him a lifetime. Even though enamored by the endearing and beautiful Sneha, he is still resolved to love no more.
As Shiva coldly casts Sneha out of his life, will Sneha meekly listen, never to appear in front of him again? Or will her love manage to melt Shiva’s impenetrable heart?
So begins Yours Forever, a heart-wrenching story about passion, heartbreaks and love that crosses paths with long-buried truths and unexpected tragedies.
Battered at every turn, will Shiva and Sneha’s love last forever?
Review: Nimmu’s medical drama ‘Yours Forever’ is an intriguing little work and may not generate sufficient interest in the first few chapters. However, if you can manage to persevere and get through the harrowing, cliched first few chapters, you’re in for a treat.
The plot revolves around two protagonists, Sneha and Shiva, both from the medical fraternity. Sneha is charmed by the stern and older Shiva who doesn’t notice her existence at first.
The plot thickens in the middle of the book and after a horrible experience, Sneha is charred for life. It is during this period that she and Shiva manage to get close but the relationship has its own tests. The medical part is well described and even experts won’t find anything amiss. There is enough material here to hold the reader’s attention.
A unique take on love through the eyes of the medical community, it is a well-written novel. Sort of reminds you of Danielle Steel’s works. The romance is just the right dose and the plot is well researched. There is a big twist as well which will come as a surprise for the readers.
Yours Forever has something for everything- romance, drama, and a good ending that satisfies all.
The book is written in colloquial English but unlike other contemporary authors, Nimmu’s language skills are quite good.
The cover is too gaudy for my liking but the text is brilliant. Nimmu hasn’t gone overboard and her passive narrative is just right for this kind of book.
Tags: Nimmu Yours Forever
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UK schools warning: Teacher breaks silence over biggest fears for returning to classrooms
And he stated some lecturers have been more and more cautious of a return to school, worrying they might find yourself catching the virus. Research carried out in Northern Ireland and revealed right now indicated fewer than 10 p.c of oldsters would ship their kids again to school even when they have been re-opened, floating the potential of no return earlier than the beginning of the brand new tutorial 12 months.
The report adopted feedback by former Chief Inspector of Schools Sir Michael Wilshaw, who predicted pupils in Years 11 and 13 could find yourself having to repeat the primary years of their GCSE and A Level programs respectively.
David (not his actual identify), a instructor in a London secondary college, stated he and his colleagues have been nonetheless very a lot at the hours of darkness about the best way ahead.
He advised Express.co.uk: “I’m not certain what’s going to occur now that we now have discovered ourselves in lockdown routine.
Back Express.co.uk’s NHS Heroes campaign
“What is regarding is that some lecturers are involved about opening schools too early purely in time period of defending themselves from the virus.
“To be sincere now we now have lower the wire and in full swing of lockdown I believe lots of lecturers have gotten used to it.
“I did not have a time frame but I thought the lockdown would stop around June just as an educated guess.”
JUST IN: Kim Jong-un ‘almost certainly’ dead – announcement imminent?
“Year 5s will potentially be three months behind and that would obviously continue into secondary school.”
“And what about 12 months 11, who’ve by no means taken an examination?
“Will that be a disadvantage going into A Levels?”
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has apparently been supplied with three dates for schools reopening: May 11, June 1 or the beginning of September.
Speaking to BBC Radio 4’s World at One, Sir Michael stated: “Obviously those that are about to sit examinations, that call has been made for them when it comes to estimated grades.
“But those who are preparing for examinations next year, I think possibly need to repeat the year and perhaps others as well.”
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Democrats should praise Trump for doing the right thing as he confronts Iran | Opinion
President Trump this week tweeted a warning that the United States. would “shoot down and destroy” Iranian vessels after U.S. Navy ships had been aggressively confronted in the Persian Gulf. In response, the chief of Iran’s Revolutionary Guard Corps vowed to “destroy” American warships, illustrating the escalating hazard to America posed by Iran.
While I’m a lifelong Democrat, I additionally think about our nationwide safety of paramount significance. I imagine that Trump’s strategy to Iran should earn the help of all who imagine in safeguarding America and its residents.
This opinion could make me unpopular amongst fellow Democrats. But it shouldn’t, provided that Trump’s actions fulfill exactly what we Democrats have lengthy professed to need relating to coping with Iran.
The official Democratic coverage platform articulated earlier than the 2016 presidential election famous that Iran “has its fingerprints on almost every conflict in the Middle East,” expressed the willingness to “ensure that Iran never acquires a nuclear weapon” and pledged to “robustly enforce and, if necessary, strengthen non-nuclear sanctions.”
Trump has delivered on all of those whereas additionally using decisive, however calculated, navy would possibly towards Tehran, reinstating the sense of deterrence that crumbled below the Obama administration. The drone elimination of Iran’s high navy commander Qassem Soleimani, a person personally accountable for the deaths of a whole bunch of Americans, was a game-changer that lastly confirmed Iran that it might be held accountable for fomenting international terrorism.
This act should have been met with bipartisan praise and help. Instead, it prompted criticism and misguided makes an attempt by Congress to restrict by means of the Iran War Powers Act the commander-in-chief’s means to push again towards Iran.
It was an ironic transfer by the Democrats provided that Trump continues to exhibit huge restraint towards Iran on his personal. While by no means one to mince phrases, the president’s motion to this point has concerned fastidiously calibrated pressure to defend America whereas avoiding escalations that might spiral into a bigger battle.
Meanwhile, Iran has flatly rejected U.S. presents for medical help to assist it deal with the lethal COVID-19 pandemic, whereas concurrently blaming sanctions for its personal loss of life toll and mocking the an infection price on our shores. Iran’s Supreme Leader even had the audacity to accuse America of producing the coronavirus to homicide its residents.
The Trump administration has accurately pledged to dam the International Monetary Fund from acceding to Iranian calls for for $5 billion in emergency loans below the guise of COVID-19 help. The Islamic Republic, which acquired a windfall of tens of billions from President Obama as a part of that administration’s ill-advised nuclear deal, has a historical past of diverting monetary sources towards its illicit nuclear program and sponsorship of terrorism.
The newest illustration of why American sanctions should stay in impact is the current revelation by David Albright, a former International Atomic Energy Agency inspector, of one more secret Iranian nuclear facility that has by no means been inspected. At this uranium workshop, Iran labored to develop and make parts that might be used to type the explosive core of an atomic weapon.
Albright referred to as out Iran’s renewed nuclear pursuits. He declared “a new generation of centrifuges would soon come online at the Natanz fuel enrichment plant” and revealed that Iran’s enriched uranium manufacturing and stockpiles have returned to the similar ranges the place they had been previous to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action nuclear deal. Before his administration negotiated and agreed to that deal, Obama himself had identified “Iran’s continuing unwillingness to meet its obligations under U.N. Security Council resolutions and IAEA requirements.”
Thanks to the resolve of Trump and his Administration, Iran lastly is receiving the clear message that the United States is not going to abide Iran’s nefarious behaviors; nor will America permit cash to circulate into the world’s main state sponsor of terrorism. This regardless of Iran’s proclaimed want for COVID-19 help, whereas concurrently funding assaults on American troops, inflaming the Middle East and pursing mankind’s most damaging weapons.
Given the Democratic Party’s clearly articulated place that Iran must not ever be permitted to develop nuclear weapons, tempered by the need to keep away from armed battle, Trump deserves its credit score for pursuing insurance policies of deterrence towards a rogue regime that’s our largest nationwide safety menace.
Democrats should put aside their reflexive hatred of this president and place patriotism over politics by recognizing this actuality.
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Home/Travel/Viking Sky cruise ship evacuation: Remaining passengers reach port
Viking Sky cruise ship evacuation: Remaining passengers reach port
Rescuers airlift stranded cruise ship passengers off the coast of Norway.
A cruise ship stranded off Norway’s western coast has reached port with its remaining passengers.
The Viking Sky ship airlifted more than half its 900 passengers to safety before authorities opted Sunday to allow the ship to limp into the nearby port of Molde with the aid of a towboat.
“All passengers and crew are safe, and passengers will be flying home starting tonight,” the cruise line said in a statement on its website Sunday. “Throughout all of this, our first priority was for the safety and well-being of our passengers and our crew. We would like to thank the Norwegian Redningssentral and the Norwegian emergency services for their support and skill displayed in managing the situation in very challenging weather conditions.”
The cruise line’s next sailing, which had been set for Wednesday, has been canceled.
Viking Sky issued a mayday Saturday after engine troubles and a harrowing encounter with rough waters and high winds off Norway’s western coast.
Carolyn Savikas of Pennsylvania described the terror to Norway’s VG newspaper, saying she heard a “terrible crash” and the ship rocked. Water raced in.
“We were in the restaurant when a really huge wave came and shattered a door and flooded the entire restaurant,” she said. “All I saw were bones, arms, water and tables. It was like the Titanic – just like the pictures you have seen from the Titanic.”
Authorities said the weather and sea conditions prevented rescue workers from using lifeboats or other vessels to evacuate the ship. Five helicopters shuttled the passengers to shore.
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More: Cruise ship off Norway issues mayday, begins evacuating
The ship’s owner, Viking Ocean Cruises, said 20 people were injured, although some had been treated and released.
Some of the 479 passengers who were flown to shore were scheduled to begin flying home Sunday, the company said. Another 436 passengers and the crew of 458 remained aboard while the ship headed toward port.
“Today was some of the worst (conditions) I have been involved with, but now it looks like it’s going well, and in the end we have been lucky,” company Chairman Torstein Hagen told Norway’s NRK television.
Norwegian media reported gusts up to 43 mph and waves over 26 feet. Passengers took to social media to share their experiences as the rescue unfolded.
Alexus Sheppard posted a video on Twitter of severe tilting because of the rough waters. “We’re waiting for evacuation by helicopter,” she wrote with the hashtags #VikingSky and #Mayday.
More: ‘Extreme gust of wind’ causes cruise ship to list, injuring passengers
David Hernandez posted a video showing water running under passengers’ feet.
Police in the western county of Moere og Romsdal said the ship managed to anchor in Hustadsvika Bay, between the western Norwegian cities of Alesund and Trondheim, so the evacuations could begin. But by Sunday, the ship had three of four engines operating, the company said.
The Viking Sky, a vessel with gross tonnage of 47,800, was delivered to Viking Ocean Cruises in 2017. The ship was on a 12-day trip that began March 14 in the western Norwegian city of Bergen, according to cruisemapper.com.
The ship had been scheduled to arrive Tuesday in the British port of Tilbury on the River Thames.
“The last 24 hours have been very, very scary, very frightening,” an American passenger, Rodney Horgen, told NRK. “The best word I suppose is surreal.”
Contributing: The Associated Press
Read or Share this story: https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/cruises/2019/03/24/cruise-ship-hundreds-airlifted-safety-off-norway/3261023002/
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Let’s Play Pokémon Red With Your Host… A Fish?!?!
The internet, a host to many weird and, sometimes, wonderful things. There’s keyboard playing cats, birds who hide in people’s cleavage, fainting goats and oh so much more. But I think I have just stumbled upon something that pretty much tops everything else… a Let’s Play stream hosted by a fish! Yes, that’s right, a fish, the aquatic animal which has fins, gills and swims through water.
Watch live video from FishPlaysPokemon on www.twitch.tv
The idea, though weird, is actually conducted in a very clever way. It looks like the brains behind the project has aimed motion markers at certain points of the tank, so when the fish swims over the marker the button which it represents will be pressed.
What do you think of this project? What do you think is next? Maybe bumble-bee playing The Legend of Zelda Majora’s Mask?
By Leon Fletcher|2014-08-07T10:43:52+00:00August 7th, 2014|GameBoy, Nintendo, Pokémon, Random, Retro|0 Comments
Nintendo’s Forgotten Franchises – Kururin
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N.I. A SHORT FILM
The cameras and gear - RED DIGITAL CINEMA and MASTER CINEMATOGRAPHERS
The first Live Action Narrative short filmed on the RED Hydrogen phone, N.I. was able to test its capabilities and use technology to its advantage.
Filming with prototypes and beta firmware, the camera team (Adrien Oniega, David Groves, Ketch Rossi, Patrick Alcerra and Aaron Barnett) played with different combinations of gear, from adding Beastgrip adapters and Leica R lenses to the phone to mounting it to MoVI freefly systems and Master Cinematographers (www.mc4.la) Steadicam Air, a Tiffen Company and MC4 collaboration. Sal is partner's with Master Cinematographers, so the team also had access to a prototype of the Squish, an omnidirectional, horizon correction camera head designed and built with Wild Iron. The team installed the Filmic Pro app on the phone, enabling them to customize and lock some of the settings. Data transfer was easy, plugging the mini SD's into the laptop and hard drives. Leia Inc, the company behind the Hydrogen display also did the 4V conversion for the Behind the Scenes footage.
The Hydrogen has a great community based around it with h4vuser.net - giving the team access to a lot of knowledgable people - a great resource in general. The cinema module that will be able to fit any lens will be out soon too, building the Hydrogen into a true cinema camera.
One of the Hydrogen phones filmed in holographic/H4V mode; the footage from that will be used for a behind the scenes segment of the short. The other cameras filmed in 2D/regular mode, exploiting the benefits of each shooting mode. The cast and crew had a lot of fun watching the H4V mode, something unique to the Hydrogen.
Because the camera team was so nimble and able to find new coverage so quickly, they had to be hyper aware of the location of the sound team (Paul Wustrak and Avery Wustrak), keeping clear of the boom, and vice versa. Communication was key.
The goal was to have as small of a footprint as possible, to keep things light and streamlined so that the team could focus on the creative. Shooting on the Hydrogen enabled them to do just that.
WWW.PALOPICTURES.COM
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Chile relief groups concerned with donor fatigue soon after Haiti earthquake
Updated Apr 01, 2019; Posted Mar 02, 2010
By Rohan Mascarenhas/The Star-Ledger
Michael Robinson Chavez/Los Angeles Times/MCTResidents in Constitucion, Chile sit amidst the rubble on today after a massive earthquake on Saturday.
When the Haiti earthquake struck, visitors flooded Charity Navigator’s website for tips on where to send their donations.
This weekend, as the devastation in Chile splashed across television screens, the online traffic didn’t jump.
"We’re not seeing that this time," said Sandra Miniutti, the vice president of the Mahwah-based nonprofit agency, which evaluates charities. "We’ve begun to look at the issue of donor fatigue."
Coming so soon after the Haiti disaster, which killed more than 220,000 people, the Chile earthquake may struggle for its share of the limelight, raising concerns among aid groups that fewer wallets will open even as charities try to man relief efforts in both countries.
The extent of damage in Chile remains unclear. The death toll rose to 723, with 19 others missing, the National Emergency Office announced Monday, in a magnitude-8.8 quake that President Michelle Bachelet called "an emergency without parallel in Chile’s history."
But experts cautioned that Chile may not need as much help as Haiti. The level of destruction in the Caribbean nation was much more widespread and intense, and richer Chile has more resources to handle the disaster relief.
"They’re going to be totally different responses," said Saundra Schimmelpfennig, the director of Utah-based Charity Rater. "Chile had a lot fewer buildings, hospitals, government offices that were damaged."
Aid groups said they were ready to assist in Chile even as they maintain unprecedented efforts in Haiti.
"The system is designed for this kind of thing," said Ray Shepherd, chief executive officer for the American Red Cross of Northern New Jersey. "It’s rare that only one disaster happens at one time."
The biggest international aid organizations have learned the traumatic lessons of 2005, when a tsunami in the Indian Ocean, an earthquake in Pakistan and Hurricane Katrina stretched resources.
"We’re a lot better organized and prepared with our emergency response plan than we were five years ago," said Brian Sobelman of Save the Children. The organization has drawn staffers from the United Kingdom, Spain and Bolivia to assess the damage in Chile.
But fewer donations may arrive in a deep recession after Americans have already shelled out nearly $1 billion for Haiti, Miniutti said.
Weehawken resident Sarah Lillo is not deterred. The 25-year-old, whose mother-in-law runs the only Chilean restaurant in the state, said there are plans for a fundraiser there this weekend.
"I have family friends who got through by e-mail and said it felt like the end of the world to them," she said. "I cannot sit around and let this occur. I need to do something about this."
Previous coverage:
• Chile earthquake death toll climbs to 708
• N.J. residents reach families on Facebook, other websites after massive earthquake in Chile
• Chile earthquake has Pacific rim bracing for tsunami
• U.S. pledges to help after Chile earthquake
• Chile earthquake with 8.8-magnitude triggers tsunami warning in Hawaii
• Chile earthquake: Tsunami warning in effect in Hawaii
• In Chile, earthquake with 8.8-magnitude sets off tsunami warnings
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Visitors’ Choice Delta
(Black Press file photo)
Delta man dead after Richmond crash
Road conditions a factor in the single-vehicle accident
Grace Kennedy
A Delta man is dead after a single-vehicle accident in Richmond Tuesday morning.
Richmond RCMP say the 37-year-old man was a passenger in a 2006 Acura sedan that collided with a hydro pole near River Road and No. 8 Road around 11:30 a.m. on Tuesday, Dec. 19. The car was partially submerged in a ditch when RCMP arrived.
The driver of the vehicle, a 45-year-old Delta man, was able to escape from the car and help pull the passenger from the vehicle with the help of some Good Samaritans.
Both occupants sustained injuries and were taken to hospital by the B.C. Ambulance Service. By late afternoon, the passenger had succumbed to his injuries.
Alcohol and drugs are not considered to be factors in the accident. Road conditions are considered to be factor.
The Richmond RCMP Road Safety Unit (RSU) is investigating the incident.
If anyone has information or dashcam footage on this incident, please contact Constable George of the Richmond RCMP Road Safety Unit at 604-278-1212.
grace.kennedy@northdeltareporter.com
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The 5 Deadliest Drops Of 2010 A drop is the moment in a dance track when tension is released and the beat kicks in. NPR Music's Sami Yenigun presents the five best dance floor moments of 2010.
Hear the best rock, pop, jazz, classical, blues and undiscovered music of 2010.
The 5 Deadliest Drops Of 2010
December 31, 201011:00 AM ET
Sami Yenigun
Swedish House Mafia DJ Steve Angello (middle) was responsible for one of the biggest drops of 2010, "Knas." EMI Music hide caption
EMI Music
Swedish House Mafia DJ Steve Angello (middle) was responsible for one of the biggest drops of 2010, "Knas."
A drop is the moment in a dance track when tension is released and the beat kicks in. Great drops create overbearing drama. They're built for the unabashed and uninhibited, releasing the enormous energy accrued during a song's progression.
These are moments not for the frail or those with sensitive ears, as this list promises to leave even the most devout club-rats drained and deaf. These five songs show no mercy, instead decimating dance floors with their awesome might.
Think about it. The clock winding down, sweat prickling from your brow. The beat climbing higher and higher until the trudge becomes an inescapable roll of sixteenth notes, the momentum building, the heights dizzying, stomachs churning, the pitch rising, the tension mounting, bigger, louder, until suddenly -- the drop.
Congorock, 'Babylon'
from Babylon
Before "Babylon" dropped, the Italian producer Congorock was relatively unknown in electronic dance music circles, but this smash hit put his name into the set lists of dance music’s biggest stars. The hazy synth that drops at 1:13, when heard on the right system, can turn your bones to jelly.
Steve Angello, 'Knas'
from Knas
It was quite a year for Swedish House Mafia member Steve Angello. In addition to his work with SHM, his solo work was routinely found at the top of Beatports charts. This drop manages to be both grimy and incredibly polished, and was a DJ favorite at this year's Electric Zoo festival.
Chuckie & Gregori Klosman, 'Mutfakta'
from Mutfakta
Something about the drop on Chuckie and Gregori Klosman's "Mutfakta" makes my teeth chatter. Maybe it’s the lead synth, all minor and dark, or it might be the reverb that makes it sound like it's being played in a humongous warehouse. Whatever it is, it's filthy.
Bart B More, 'Brap!'
from Brap
When I first heard this song, I thought to myself, "No way could this ever be played in a DJ set. It's too loud, too brash, too obnoxious." But on second thought, that’s what’s incredible about this drop. On "Brap!" Bart B More shows that he's got guts, daring to take his electro-synth to a level unmatched by any other producer.
Rusko, 'Hold On (Sub Focus Remix)'
from O.M.G.!
Whats a list of drops without a little dubstep? I love the way vocalist Amber Coffman's sweet voice carries through the build, giving way to a low-frequency growl at the drop.
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Tracey Smith
ANA ENTERPRISE ANA ANCC FOUNDATION RESOURCES
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Tracey Smith, DNP
Executive Director of The Office of Community Initiatives and Complex Care
Southern Illinois University School of Medicine
As a doctoral nurse, Tracey Smith has led public health initiatives across Central and Southern Illinois for more than two decades. When news of the COVID crisis began to spread, Tracey activated response teams of community health workers, nurses, and behavioural health specialists across the lower part of the state. Attuned to the medical, social, and emotional needs of her patients, Tracey developed a model to uniquely address the physical, social, and emotional needs of people in the communities she serves.
Tracey: “First and foremost, we had to design a strategy to provide care for people who may be infected with COVID to keep people home as long as possible and keep our communities safe, but the impact of the pandemic affects more than people experiencing symptoms of the virus. People are out of work and running low on food. People are in their homes trying to navigate their chronic diseases, and not able to afford their medication. People are suffering with anxiety and mental health issues. Ultimately, I knew our strategy had to be bigger than treating those who were sick. We had to rethink our definition of vulnerable. Right now, a lot of us are vulnerable, even if we're not sick.”
The State of Illinois awarded The SIU School of Medicine millions of dollars to implement Tracey's model of interdisciplinary teams across Central and Southern Illinois. Active today, there are 62 workers in 66 counties across the lower part of the state providing care to an area with a population of over 2 million people.
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It's Uncanny, This Valley: The Ups And Downs Of Cinematic CGI (In)Humanity
By Rob Payne | Lists | September 22, 2011 |
Recently, more images from Steven Spielberg’s and Peter Jackson’s computers’ animated adaptation of The Adventures of Tintin showed up at Bleeding Cool and the digital wizardry on display is clearly as impressive as it should be in such capable hands. But like the trailer before, Tintin and his faithful dog Snowy are boldly going where many have accidentally gone before: The Uncanny Valley. For those who don’t know, the Valley is the theoretical place where humanoid entities reside, who are so human but not quite human enough not to be pants-poopingly creepy. The chart below may help wrap your mind around that, but it’s really not as sexy as it seems.
Basically, C3P0 and Bender fall to the left of the divide with you and I falling to the right — the middle is where things get tricky, because not all non-humans are created equal. Not even close. You can thank the Japanese for providing us with a great many real-life creations that eat baby souls in the Uncanny Valley. See?
Told ya it wasn’t sexy.
So, while I didn’t write up a trade news item for Tintin’s inevitable fall into the abyss (due to clogged internet tubes and not really caring about Tintin in any substantial way), the new stills did inspire me to do one thing that I did promptly upon seeing them. I threw up in my mouth, but only a little bit. Then I decided to make a Seriously Random List of the Five Worst and Five Best instances of filmmakers trying to capture the indomitable human spirit with nothing but pixels and Photoshop.
Below are the results of some terrifying Google Image searches that seem to reveal one truism if you’re going balls out with CGI realism: Do not, under any circumstances, model your characters on the flesh and blood actors providing their voices, or real life celebrities in general. The human eye can immediately see the inauthentic features and it freaks us the fuck out. Of course, every rule does have its exceptions. (Also, it appears that the quality of the movie has almost nothing to do with whether or not audiences escape the Uncanny Valley unscathed. Enjoy!)
Tom Hanks, Tom Hanks, Tom Hanks, and Tom Hanks in The Polar Express
Robert Zemeckis’s Polar Express might currently be the most well known example of Uncannyvalliness, with Tom Hanks playing four distinct roles, and each character modeled after his doughy visage. After the film’s supposedly delightful Christmas release, a generation of children either suffered from unspeakable nightmares or they now have an unhealthy fascination with dead-eyed plasticity. Keep your eyes peeled on the Real Doll market for proof.
Angelina Jolie as Grendel’s Mom in Beowulf
As much as fanboys like me may have wanted Angelina Jolie to make another deposit into the pop culture spank bank with her golden butt in Beowulf, her vaguely blow-up doll features were amplified to near hilarity as a CGI monster. Thanks, in part, to her character’s self-imposed lizardly stiffness. C’est la vie, there’s always Hackers. It should be noted this is another Robert Zemeckis vehicle. We’re gonna see his name at least two more times on this list.
Jeff Bridges in Tron Legacy
Admittedly, the Tron Legacy animators did an amazing job of turning Old Jeff Bridges into Younger Jeff Bridges, it’s probably the best special effect in a movie containing only special effects. But once Clu starts speaking and sharing scenes with supposedly living and breathing performers, it’s clear how unnatural he is. It’s also clear how much Clu wants to kill all humans, and that’s only partially due to Bridges’ performance. The phrase, a doll’s eyes… comes to mind.
Woody Allen and Sylvester Stallone in Antz
Most of the entries on this list, especially on the Worst side, are of characters meant to be human, but the Uncanny Valley also houses creatures who are merely meant to resemble humans. Thus, we come to DreamWorks’ first animated feature film, Antz, whose leads were meant to be caricatures of their vocal talents, specifically Woody Allen and Sylvester Stallone. Maybe it’s because the two actors are already pretty cartoonish in reality, but if you ever watch the movie, it’s really no wonder why A Bug’s Life is universally considered the superior CGI ant film of 1998.
All the humans in Mars Needs Moms
Full Disclosure: I have not seen Robert Zemeckis’s Mars Needs Moms, nor do I plan on seeing it. I don’t have to. Fool me once, shame on you; fool me twice, and I reserve the right to withhold judgment until I deem you worthy of reconsideration. The trailers made it obvious that even though he learned not to base his CGI people off of actual people, Zemeckis still hasn’t learned how to make them not look like chupacabra. It’s that whole empathy axis on the chart that he almost always fails to meet. Hell, even the aliens are more pleasing to look at than the humans (the ones we’re meant to empathize with):
Dr. Aki Ross in Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within
While a decent movie that was an unfortunate waste of a franchise, Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within was one of the first movies to ever attempt such dramatic realism in a computer animated feature, and this was in 2001, before Gollum was even a gleam in WETA’s all-seeing eye. Not all of the characters in the movie pass the sniff test — hello Alec Baldwin! — but Ming-Na’s Aki Ross was good enough to appear in Maxim, and it was only slightly awkward.
Beowulf in Beowulf
Like Spirits Within, list stalwart Robert Zemeckis’s Beowulf isn’t a total sale (see the aforementioned Grendel’s Mom and John Malkovich’s Unferth, though he is hardly the animator’s fault), but Beowulf himself is a phenomenal work of art. It’s easy to see when watching the movie that all the time and care was taken to make Ray Winstone’s interpretation of the character the definitive one, and it totally works. A big part of that is due to the fact that Beowulf does not look like Ray Winstone.
Arnold Schwarzenegger in Terminator: Salvation
The Governator’s rejuvenated cameo in Terminator: Salvation is one of the few, probably one of the only, instances where modeling the digital creation on a celebrity absolutely works. Part of that is due to the quality of the effects, but let’s be honest, Ahnuld’s performance in the first Terminator doesn’t exactly chew scenery so much as stare coldly at it, and his co-stars. Making a robotic actor appear to be a cyborg is a lot easier than making him emotive (see: Kindergarten Cop). That he fits seamlessly with Christian Bale is just icing on the dried up post-apocalyptic cake.
The Na’vi in Avatar
Similar to Antz, James Cameron’s Native American stand-ins are less human and more human-like in his Dances With Wolves In Space, and Neytiri and Jake Sully’s avatar are similarly based on the movie’s stars, Zoe Saldana and Sam Worthington. Unlike Antz, the trick works here and you don’t want to claw your eyes out the entire run time. At least, not from the CGI. Okay, so, Sigourney Weaver’s alien representative is a little unsettling, but only because we’re so used to seeing her real face. Otherwise, her avatar isn’t that much of a horror show:
Caesar in The Rise of the Planet of the Apes
Finding five suitable entries for the best attempts at avoiding the Uncanny Valley is hard enough including Avatar, so I suppose Caesar in the new Planet of the Apes might be a cop out. But, damn if I haven’t seen a better full-fledged CGI character. A lot of that credit, naturally, goes to actor, and motion capture performance art specialist, Andy Serkis, yet the digital artistry is immediately apparent. Caesar will always look computer generated in the same way Roger Rabbit will always be a cartoon, but his face expresses more genuine human emotion than James Franco ever will. There hasn’t been a CG creation that inhabits the tangible world quite like Caesar. As the soul of the film, he definitely scales the top of Uncanny Valley chart.
If you’re like me, any trip through the digitized Uncanny Valley is equally entertaining and frightening. Just remember, these things aren’t real and they can’t hurt you. At least not yet.
Rob Payne also writes the indie comic The Unstoppable Force, co-hosts the podcast We’re Not Fanboys, and tweets on the Twitter @RobOfWar. He barely climbs out of the Uncanny Valley himself sometimes, so this list is really just the pot calling the kettle back.
Like Zack Attack Said, Friends Forever, Always Till The End: The Best Female Friendship Movies
Great Cast! Terrible Movie! 10 Awful Movies Despite the Awesome Talent Involved
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Dredd Trailer: "I Am The Law." Yes You Are, Karl Urban. Yes. You. Are.
By TK Burton | Trailers | June 21, 2012 |
At last, the trailer for Dredd, the new adaptation of the Judge Dredd comic books that will hopefully wash the taste of that horrid Stallone/Schneider debacle from 1995 out of our mouths. As a huge fan of the comics back in the day, I’ve been pretty curious about how this turns out. It’s got skilled, though inconsistent director in Pete Travis, and a solid cast of Karl Urban as Judge Dredd, Olivia Thirlby as rookie Judge (and psychic, I believe) Cassandra Anderson, and Lena Headey as the wickedly badass crimelord Madeline ‘Ma-Ma’ Madrigal who has a stranglehold over Mega-City One, the massive city that serves as the remnants of society.
It looks gritty and grungy, a little low-budget, a little cheesy, and more than a little ridiculous. In short, it looks remarkably similar to the comic. I’m digging it, even with Urban’s overdone, Christian Bale-esque growling. It’s getting a hard “R” rating, which is exactly right for this character. The effects of Slo-Mo, the drug that the Judges are seeking to eradicate, are pretty nifty and should provide for some interesting set pieces. I love the Judge costumes. They’ve trimmed them back from the outrageous comic book stylings, yet kept the basics intact. Getting rid of the gigantic belt buckles and golden eagle shoulder pads makes sense, and God knows it’s better than the Stallone version, which came replete with enormous golden codpiece.
The whole exercise looks fun. Perhaps not great, but tonally it’s closer than I expected. And most importantly? The mask stays on.
What say you, mutants?
Cannonball Read IV: Real World by Natsuo Kirino
Surprisingly Short on Time Piece Jokes: The Watch Trailer
TK Burton is the Editorial Director. You may email him here or follow him on Twitter.
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"Boardwalk Empire" -- "Georgia Peaches"
By Aggie Maguire | TV | November 29, 2011 |
This week’s episode had a completely different pace from its predecessors. Every major character (bar Gillian, who arguably is B-list not A-list) had some screen time and all of their stories advanced. It felt a little hectic after nine episodes that chose to follow only a few story lines each week, and in the case of Angela’s thread, it felt as if her story which had been languishing in a corner all season accelerated so fast and so suddenly that it was over before it had time to become interesting. Her reconciliation with Jimmy felt more than a little forced and after the heroin conversation about artsy types being into it, I was hoping they would follow that through with Angela becoming a user and forcing Jimmy to review his business relationships. Note to would-be Boardwalk Empire hit men: Watch how Horvitz works. You’ll learn a lot about planning and, ahem, successful execution.
Nucky has switched lawyers, but only after a hilarious conversation with the departing Ginsberg. I can’t understand why neither lawyer has advised him to marry Margaret. She knows a lot about his dealings and Esther has already told him the Feds are looking into Schroeder’s death. Why would he not close down that avenue to a potentially damning witness, especially now that she’s showing signs of getting serious about religion? I’ve never been the mother of a sick child so I’ll give her some leeway here on her irrationality, but I find it difficult to see how a woman who fled a country to get away from the Magdelenes would suddenly start believing that money is the way to God’s favor. So now: Lucy is gone; Angela is dead; Margaret is a weak mess; Van Alden’s nanny is a weird Swede obsessed with breastfeeding her siblings and other people’s babies; Gillian only appears occasionally to offer bad advice to her son. Esther Randolph better watch her back. This show’s writers have a strange tendency to create interesting but essentially unstable or unlikable women.
Eli continues his self-destructive stupidity, sending his hired thugs to go Oakland on Chalky’s Occupy the Boardwalk crowd, and delivering a savage beating to Halloran in the process. Halloran was probably the only real loyal friend Eli had in the entire city. For a show that spends so much on getting the period feel right, I wish they had hired some more extras to make the picketing look a little more compelling: the entire boardwalk is supposedly ground to a halt because of the strike but all we see is a handful of men walking in a circle outside the Ritz. And why did Eli even hesitate when Esther told him she would help him in exchange for information on Nucky? Isn’t Eli the one who wants Nucky dead?
Jimmy this week showed a wee glimmer of his previous ability to see the situation strategically this week until his dad, who is making a most remarkable recovery in the pre-thrombolytic age, shut him down. This is where the logic of these alliances falls apart for me. Jimmy sees that the old ways are no longer sustainable and clearly his backers will never be able to accept this. They literally are men from a different century. Nucky gets it, so why hasn’t Jimmy seen the trap he’s in and offered a deal to Nucky weeks ago?
Line of the week: “Call those two guinea anarchists from Massachusetts. Tell them to relax. I’ve found them a new lawyer.”
Anvil of the week: Smart college boy driving back into Princeton peddling liquor like a traveling salesman.
Which Of These Two Mid-Season TV Promos Most Excites You? ("Alcatraz" and "The Firm" Teasers)
"The Walking Dead" - "Pretty Much Dead Already": I Can't Quit You Baby, So I'm Gonna Put You Down For A While
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You'll get the lates papers with code and state-of-the-art methods.
A Graph Neural Network based approach for detecting Suspicious Users on Online Social Media
Online Social Media platforms (such as Twitter and Facebook) are extensively used for spreading the news to a wider public effortlessly at a rapid pace. However, now a days these platforms are also used with an aim of spreading rumors and fake news to a large audience in a short time span that can cause panic, fear, and financial loss to society... Thus, it is important to detect and control these rumors before it spreads to the masses. One way to control the spread of these rumors is by identifying possible suspicious users who are often involved in spreading the rumors. Our basic assumption is that the users who are often involved in spreading rumors are more likely to be suspicious in contrast to the users whose involvement in spreading rumors are less. This is due to the fact that sometimes, users may posts the rumor tweets by accident. In this paper, we use PHEME rumor tweet dataset which contains rumor and non-rumor tweets information on five incidents, that is, i) Charlie hebdo, ii)German wings crash, iii)Ottawa shooting, iv)Sydney siege, and v)Ferguson. We transform this rumor tweets dataset into suspicious users dataset before leveraging Graph Neural Network (GNN) based approach for identifying suspicious users. Specifically, we explore Graph Convolutional Network (GCN),which is a type of GNN, for identifying suspicious users and then we compare GCN results with the other three approaches which act as baseline approaches: SVM, RF and LSTM based deep learning architecture. Extensive experiments performed on real-world dataset, where we achieve up to 0.864 value for F1-Score and 0.720 value for AUC ROC, shows the effectiveness of GNN based approach for identifying suspicious users. (read more)
PDF Paper record
Results in Papers With Code
(↓ scroll down to see all results)
Contact us on: [email protected]. Papers With Code is a free resource supported by Atlas ML.
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Dias Ridge
Beginning Date
Soon after reopening in spring 2010, the Dias Ridge Trail was nominated by writers at Sunset Magazine as their new favorite trail Mason Cummings/Parks Conservancy
On a ridgeline above Muir Beach, the Dias Ridge Trail unfolds breathtaking views of the Pacific Ocean and Marin Headlands and provides several regional trail connections. Named for one of the Portuguese dairy ranchers who once owned large tracts of land in the hills of western Marin, Dias Ridge also links visitors to the region’s agricultural history.
While popular, the previous trail at Dias Ridge was also well known for its problems. For years, a steep, old ranching road running up the hillside was the only path shared by hikers, bikers, and equestrians. Built when the site was still a farm, the road had never been sited with ecological sustainability in mind, and over the years heavy use had also caused significant erosion. Some of that sediment was ending up in Redwood Creek—damaging the spawning grounds of the endangered coho salmon and threatened steelhead trout.
Before the new multi-use Dias Ridge Trail was built, the only trail access was a steep and highly eroded former ranching road Parks Conservancy
In 2009, the Parks Conservancy, National Park Service, and California State Parks took a landscape-level approach to removing the eroded road and creating a new multi-use trail.
The Dias Ridge Trail project was designed to achieve several complementary objectives:
Improving visitor experience with trail tread enhancements and signage
Restoring native plant and wildlife habitat, including for endangered species
Promoting community stewardship
Enhancing the Bay Area Ridge Trail system
Improving drainage into Redwood Creek
Enhancing multi-user (hikers, bikers, and equestrians) compatibility and safety
When trail construction was completed in 2010, it had added three miles of new trail, was a model of safety and environmentally sensitive trail design, and bridged a gap in the larger regional Bay Area Ridge Trail system. Although revegetation and habitat restoration were completed in 2013, volunteers and staff continue stewardship at this site.
The renovation of the Dias Ridge Trail was a partnership project of the National Park Service, California State Parks, and Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy through the Trails Forever program.
Volunteers also played a crucial role in creating the beautiful landscape that visitors to Dias Ridge enjoy today. The Conservation Corps North Bay and other volunteers planted 30,000 native plants grown in our own native plant nurseries, and AmeriCorps interns, youth, and schools in Marin City and San Rafael also supported stewardship efforts. Learn how you can contribute to ongoing stewardship activities across Marin.
Community members helped to plant 30,000 native plants at Dias Ridge as part of the trail renovation project Parks Conservancy
In addition to donations from thousands of individual community members, Dias Ridge Trail improvements were made possible through support from:
Evelyn and Walter Haas, Jr. Fund
Bay Area Ridge Trail Council
California Coastal Conservancy
Federal Lands Recreation Enhancement Act
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act
Dias Ridge Trail
Very Strenuous
5.00 miles round-trip
Dias Ridge and Redwood Creek Watershed Loop
Moderately Strenuous
Dias Ridge Trail Hike
Park Stewardship Marin
Redwood Creek at Muir Beach
Park Stewardship Marin - Muir Beach
Muir Beach parking lot
Oceana High School Nursery
@Large: Ai Weiwei on Alcatraz in 3D: Stay Tuned, A Block
View Home Land Security in a Virtual 3D Space
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Mike Pence will visit Cape Canaveral next month for a big space update
Posted By Joey Roulette on Tue, Jul 17, 2018 at 8:47 AM
Photo by Joey Roulette
Mike Pence leaves a tour of NASA's Operations and Checkout Building in Cape Canaveral with NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman (left) and Pat Forrester on July 6 2017.
Vice President Mike Pence will visit NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral next month to announce the first astronaut crews under NASA's Commercial Crew Program, according to sources familiar with the matter.
Pence, who chairs the National Space Council, will confirm a new launch date for the first private crew missions and announce which crew capsules each of the four selected astronauts will ride in to the International Space Station.
His visit is slated for Aug. 3 in the afternoon, right before the Parker Solar Probe launch, and President Trump – who originally planned to make the announcement – may accompany him.
Robert Behnken, Eric Boe, Douglas Hurley and Sunita Williams were selected in 2015 to become the first astronauts to launch from U.S. soil since NASA's shuttle program lapsed in 2011. They will also become the first U.S. astronauts to ride in spacecraft made by a private company – SpaceX and Boeing.
NASA awarded SpaceX $2.6 billion and Boeing $4.2 billion in 2014 to each build crew capsules that can safely ferry U.S. astronauts to the International Space Station. SpaceX's Crew Dragon and Boeing's CST-100 Starliner are the two crew capsules in production, each going through multiple rounds of testing in an arduous certification process imposed by NASA.
Earlier this month, a federal watchdog report blasted NASA and the two aerospace contractors for precipitating costly delays to a debut crew launch. The report, drafted in April and released in July, cited missteps from NASA in ensuring the probability and cost of death in the event of an explosion during a crewed mission and warned that further production delays for the capsules could result in vacancies on the ISS.
"Without a viable contingency option for ensuring uninterrupted access to the ISS in the event of further commercial crew delays, we concluded that NASA was at risk of not being able to maximize the return on its multibillion dollar investment in the space station," the report read.
Pence's announcement will mark a milestone in the race to get U.S. astronauts lifting off from Cape Canaveral launchpads again.
"It's great to see all the progress that all the commercial crew companies are making for getting the vehicles flight-ready and getting our astronauts launching from U.S. soil," Phil Larson, a former space policy advisor to President Barack Obama, told Orlando Weekly in an interview.
"That's what we wanted to see and hope to see when we started the program in the early days of the Obama administration," Larson added. "It was to close the gap in human spaceflight that we were facing with the retirement of the space shuttle."
The space coast is starting to see tangible progress in the commercial crew program, too. SpaceX's Crew Dragon is slated for new rounds of testing in Florida. "Crew Dragon arrived in Florida this week ahead of its first flight after completing thermal vacuum and acoustic testing at NASA's Plum Brook Station in Ohio," a spokeswoman for SpaceX said in an email.
The visit from Pence – and possibly Trump – will fall just before the launch of NASA's new Parker Solar Probe, which is lifting off from Kennedy Space Center in the early hours of Aug. 4.
Tags: Mike Pence, NASA, Image
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AACR Recognizes Dr. Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale With 2015 Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research
Anne-Lise B�rresen-Dale
Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale, professor at the University of Oslo and head of the Department of Genetics at OUS Radiumhospitalet, has been honored with the eighth annual American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research at the 2015 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, being held Dec. 8-12. Here, she presented her lecture, entitled “Molecular Evolution Under Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy”.
The AACR Distinguished Lectureship in Breast Cancer Research was established to recognize outstanding science that has inspired or has the potential to inspire new perspectives on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of breast cancer.
From the AACR news release article:
Børresen-Dale is among the leading geneticists in research on molecular biology of breast cancer, and her group was among the pioneers in expression profiling of breast carcinomas in collaboration with groups at Stanford University in Stanford, California, demonstrating that breast cancer can be divided into distinct sub-groups with differences in molecular profiles and in overall and relapse-free survival. Her achievements are seminal for understanding breast cancer evolution, and have had an enormous impact on our view of the complexity of breast cancer. She has authored more than 450 published scientific papers, book chapters, and invited reviews.
Børresen-Dale’s current research projects focus on exploring the systems biology of breast cancer using high-dimensional data in integrated approaches. These studies aim to identify the genotypes and gene expression profiles that contribute to elevated cancer risk, radiation sensitivity, tumor aggressiveness, and therapy resistance. The goal of this work is to follow the linear time course of tumor progression to dissect the molecular mechanisms triggered at each stage of disease. Using a systems biology approach, the Børresen-Dale lab follows the multidimensional interactions at various levels to improve risk estimation, prognostication, and prediction.
Throughout her career, Børresen-Dale has been recognized with numerous other awards, including the Swiss Bridge Award for Outstanding Cancer Research in 2004, the Möbius prize for Outstanding Research from the Research Council of Norway in 2008, Germany’s Helmholtz International Fellow Award in 2014, and the Fridtjof Nansen Award for Outstanding Research in 2015.
Børresen-Dale has been a member of the AACR and the European CanCer Organisation boards of directors, is past president of the European Association for Cancer Research, and is an elected member of The Royal Academy of Science, Norway, The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the European Academy of Cancer Sciences.
News release article from AACR:
List of previous award recipients
Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale's CV and publications
Home page of Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale's research group - Molecular Biology of Breast Cancer
Department of Gentics
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Published in major journals, first or last author from Oslo University Hospital.
Cunha ES, Chen X, Sanz-Gaitero M, Mills DJ, Luecke H (2021)
Cryo-EM structure of Helicobacter pylori urease with an inhibitor in the active site at 2.0 Å resolution
Nat Commun, 12 (1), 230
DOI 10.1107/S0907444904019158, PubMed 33431861
Magno MS, Utheim TP, Snieder H, Hammond CJ, Vehof J (2021)
The relationship between dry eye and sleep quality
Ocul Surf, 20, 13-19 (in press)
DOI 10.1016/j.jtos.2020.12.009, PubMed 33421635
Saeed M, Tapia G, Ariansen I, Stene LC, Seljeflot I, Tell GS, Skrivarhaug T, Joner G (2021)
Serum Galectin-3 and Subsequent Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Subjects With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Diabetes Care (in press)
DOI 10.2337/dc20-1712, PubMed 33408220
More selected publications
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New Jersey Company Will Pay For Drunken Bro's $1,600 Uber Ride
The meal prep company gets a five star rating for raising awareness of drunk driving.
A New Jersey company has agreed to pay for one Uber customer's wild ride.
Kenny Bachman reportedly blacked out after a night of wild partying and mistakenly took an Uber that would lead him through three states. The final bill? $1,635! The company Eat Clean Bro says that it will foot the customer's insane bill as a way to thank Bachman for not drunk driving, reports Fox News.
Jamie Giovinazzo, founder of the meal prep firm in Freehold, New Jersey, shared the news of the clean bill. Initially, Bachman was asking for donations via GoFundMe to pay the steep fare. That money—currently at $695— will now go towards Mothers Against Drunk Driving.
As previously reported, Bachman enjoyed a night of drinking in Morgantown, West Virginia. He intended to take an Uber to the place he was staying—near West Virginia University's campus—but ended up drunkenly requesting the driver to take him all the way home, reports NJ.com. That location was over 300 miles away in Gloucester County, New Jersey.
"I just woke up," Bachman said to NJ Advance Media. "And I'm thinking, 'Why the f*ck am I in the car next to some random ass dude I don't even know? Afterwards I had it fully sink in. Once the ride ended and I saw how much it was when I was like 'Alright, this is insane, that's just crazy.'"
He claimed that the driver, who he rated five stars, had his phone and wouldn't let him dial for him.
"Obviously I sent the Uber, I don't know where to, I know I wouldn't send it to my house, I knew where I was," he said. "He was on my phone, without me allowing it."
Uber confirmed that the ride happened and that the driver took Bachman to the destination he asked for. Uber and Bachman connected and resolved the matter and he ended up agreeing to pay the full fare.
Eat Clean Bro shared news of the agreement on its Facebook.
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Home > About PACCAR Parts
About PACCAR Parts - PACCAR PARTS MAX CARD
PACCAR Parts has been a division of the global organisation PACCAR since 1973. PACCAR Parts is a leading provider of high-quality truck and trailer parts, integral service concepts and support solutions developed with the needs of today's transport professionals in mind.
PACCAR Parts distributes and sells PACCAR Genuine Parts, DAF Genuine Parts and TRP Truck and Trailer Parts exclusively through the DAF dealer network. TRP is the range of parts for all truck makes, trailers and the workshop. The performance of PACCAR Parts is driven by sales, marketing and logistics, setting industry standards. Supported by a strong DAF dealer network, state-of-the-art distribution centres and supply chain management systems, the strategy focuses on delivering quality, and the best truck parts and service concepts.
PACCAR Parts achieves the highest standards in distribution efficiency, service and commercial support in the European marketplace through close co-operation with strategic suppliers and DAF dealers.
Staff: > 600
Distribution centres: 4
Storage facilities in square metres: > 60,000
Number of dealer locations: > 1,000
Number of consignments sent to customers each year: > 400,000
Customers want maximum availability from their trucks. Maintenance must be planned as efficiently as possible and any faults must be resolved as quickly as possible too. Optimum availability of parts, combined with short delivery times, play an essential role in achieving this.
Stocking the European DAF dealers with parts is managed by PACCAR Parts' four state-of-the-art distribution centres. The largest is located at the DAF site in Eindhoven, and has a surface area of 46,500 square metres. In addition, there are PACCAR Parts distribution centres in Leyland (UK), Madrid and Budapest. These distribution centres process about 400,000 consignments each year. PACCAR Parts Europe's delivery reliability is 98%, which is a world-class achievement in the distribution sector.
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African American Coalition backs Arkansas GOP candidates
Special to The Commercial
The Rev. Iverson Jackson issued endorsements for Republican candidates on behalf of the African American Coalition of Arkansas, according to a news release.
Locally, the coalition endorsed the Rev. Jesse Turner, who is running for Ward 1 alderman in Pine Bluff.
“The African American Coalition of Arkansas (AACA) endorses the following Republican candidates on the 2018 ballot beginning with Gov. Asa Hutchinson, Lt. Gov. Tim Griffin, Attorney General Leslie Rutledge; Congressmen Rick Crawford, French Hill, Bruce Westerman, and Steve Womack; Judge Joseph Wood, the Rev. Jesse Turner, the Rev. Ricky Latimore, Len Blaylock, and Wade Andrews,” Jackson said.
“These candidates embody the core values of the Republican party, which are freedom, progress, and equality for all according to the U.S. Constitution and other founding documents. These candidates have proven that they are the best hope for Arkansas to continue moving forward.”
Turner issued a statement on the announcement.
“I am extremely pleased and humbled to receive notice of my endorsement by the African American Coalition of Arkansas,” Turner said. “As I seek to become the first African American Republican since reconstruction to be elected to the Pine Bluff City Council, this endorsement comes at a historical time for Pine Bluff and Arkansas.”
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Vector and Spinor Representation in Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz Superstring Theory
Is there a Ramond vacuum for real fermions?
Are there non-supersymmetric and/or non-Calabi-Yau topological sigma models?
Is there some pure Kaluza Klein model of QCD and Electromagnetism?
What is phenomenological equation and phenomenological model?
What are some experimental results that support the predictions of string theory?
Are there stable string theory vacua with non-minimal cosmological constant?
Are there some known identities of elliptic polylogarithms similar to the Abel identity of polylogarithm?
Found some symmetry phenominon in complex physical mathematical system, is there a possibility symmetry breaking is occuring?
How can I show that 1/N expansion for large N matrix models have a string theoretical perturbation expansion?
Was there some phenomenological motivation for Ramond and Neveu-Swarz models?
This remark from Lubos puzzles me
Ramond's string - and Neveu-Schwarz string - wasn't really an "origin of string theory". String theory had "origin" as bosonic string theory which has no fermions. All SUSY/fermioncs strings are "new".
How to fit this view, which seems to be the common one, with the fact that the R and NS papers date from 1971, before the concept of supersymmetry, long before superstrings themselves, and only three years later than the Veneziano model, and almost simultaneous (less than two years) with the idea of a String interpretation of the model?
Were the R-NS models just a hep-th proposal, without any link to, nor motivation from, phenomenology? It could be so. I can not find any clear reference to baryonic regge trajectories in the early literature, and I can not find any duality diagram involving fermions, before 1971. But on other hand, Susskind 1970 abstracts keep speaking of "model of hadrons", not just "mesons", when exposing the idea of strings. So perhaps I am just being sloppy in my spires searches.
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-03-07 14:32 (UCT), posted by SE-user arivero
asked Aug 24, 2011 in Phenomenology by - (260 points) [ no revision ]
The Ramond proposal was inspired by the desire to incorporate fermions, but there were stringent constraints on this, and he had to develop both a string picture and supersymmetry. Lubos is not a historian, and doesn't claim to be.
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-03-07 14:32 (UCT), posted by SE-user Ron Maimon
commented Aug 25, 2011 by Ron Maimon (7,720 points) [ no revision ]
The string picture of NS and R models dates from 1974. dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(74)90127-8
This post imported from StackExchange Physics at 2014-03-07 14:32 (UCT), posted by SE-user Mitchell Porter
commented Aug 25, 2011 by Mitchell Porter (1,850 points) [ no revision ]
+Mitchell Porter, I am not sure if this goes against my line of thought, as it proves that as soon as the NS-R model did appear, an effort was done to incorporate it into the framework of string interactions. The 1974 paper is actually a follow-up to Mandelstam 1973 "Interacting String Picture Of Dual Resonance Models", isn't it?
commented Aug 25, 2011 by - (260 points) [ no revision ]
Ramond's "string picture" is not as sophisticated as Mandelstam's. Mandelstam is really finding a complete dynamical system. Ramond's paper introduced an "internal time" coordinate which was either periodic or an interval, I forget, which allowed him to expand states in a heuristic creation operators. He did not describe dynamics using this picture, but used it to get Fermion Regge trajectories using what we would call supersymmetry generators, the F operators which complete the super-virasoro algebra, which cancel ghosts.
Ron, I would like to discuss your views on Chew's (and Mandelstam's) relevance for string theory, but have no way to contact you... I am not aware of any deductive path to superstrings that doesn't begin by positing an extended object. The path from the bootstrap, via DHS duality and the Veneziano amplitude, to string theory, was inductive, and yet isn't the bootstrap ultimately supposed to be deductive?
Now maybe there is a deductive path to the string which just looks at the S-matrix (or its analogues in (anti) de Sitter space). It's a worthy topic of investigation, but no such derivation presently exists. Meanwhile, elsewhere I've seen you suggest that the holographic principle is string theory's counterpart of the equivalence principle. Again, an interesting idea, but I'd like to see how it's supposed to work in detail.
@Mitchell--- The point of the comments I make about Chew/Mandelstam is to correct the historical injustice of their marginalization. There is no full deductive path to string theory, period. All derivations assume that some sort of string action produces the entire S-matrix spectrum, so that a worldsheet field theory gives the whole physics. This assumption is correct, but is not justified only by the reasoning that the string is extended.
commented Sep 4, 2011 by Ron Maimon (7,720 points) [ no revision ]
The statement that bosonic strings came first and Fermionic strings came later is not exactly correct as history. Fermionic strings came almost simultaneously, when Ramond discovered the two dimensional super-conformal algebra in 1971.
Ramond style string theories did not have space-time supersymmetry (or rather, they did, but the GSO projection which was required to extract the physical spectrum was not discovered until 1976, and the proof that this projection actually leaves a sensible theory did not come until the Green-Schwarz formulation was developed in the early 1980s).
The Neveu Schwarz paper analyzes bosonic oscillations of a fermionic string, and was motivated by exploring all consistent bootstraps to find something that would work for the light mesons. The problems at the time was that a bosonic tachyon was interpreted as the experimentally known instability of the pion vacuum, so it was considered essential for a good theory. The Neveu-Schwarz sector, without the GSO projection, contains such a tachyon. Now we know that this means that the theory is sick, but back then, it was considered a good sign.
The Ramond fermions were then interpreted as bare baryons, to be dressed with the pion condensation, and this interpretation is also wrong, since baryons have a three-quark symmetry structure. The Neveu-Schwarz sector was interpreted as mesons, but they also had a tachyon (which is GSO odd and vanishes), and nothing looks like the QCD spectrum, not with the crude tools available then.
The inconsistency of Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz strings was expressed most simply by Edward Witten in the early eighties: the closed string sector of a fermionic string contains massless spin-3/2 particles, so it must couple to some space-time supercurrent in order to make sense. The graviton and spin 3/2 gravitinos must make a sensible supergravity theory. The development of supergravity was initiated to a large degree by string theory, since Scherk immediately began to investigate supergravities after GSO. He probably understood even then that the low-energy limit of superstrings would have to be some sort of supergravity.
So it is most fair to say that the development of superstrings and of bosonic strings went hand in hand, but the full perturbation series for the bosonic string was completed earlier, while a full perturbation theory of the fermionic string had to wait until the early eighties.
answered Sep 4, 2011 by Ron Maimon (7,720 points) [ no revision ]
Yep, GSO projection is a main ingredient, and it comes later! As for interpretations, there are also some early ones where they try to look at the Ramond sector as if they where quarks, and this view seems to travel along with the "baryon view" during the 71-74 period.
commented Sep 4, 2011 by - (260 points) [ no revision ]
p$\hbar$ysi$\varnothing$sOverflow
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“Airlines Will ‘Price-Dump’ Low Fares,” Says Kiwi.com CEO
“If it is forbidden to occupy a middle seat due to safety measures on aircraft, the economy class will practically end. It would be ideal to fly on a prepaid flat rate. Domestic flying also has great potential,” says during an interview with E15.cz Oliver Dlouhý, founder and co-owner of Kiwi.com.
“Flights could be cheaper after lockdown due to an “airline price war”, he added. “Airlines will ’price-dump’ low fares so that they have a turnover and pay aircraft leasing. But it has to gradually return to normality, to the golden times of flying,” believes added Dlouhý.
After the gradual release, the main challenge will be how tourists regain confidence in air safety. According to a survey from the USA, 75 percent of people would now be afraid to board a plane.
PM Says Restrictions Will be Lifted When 'Daily Cases Drop to 1-2 Thousand'
The low-cost carrier Ryanair backs the introduction of mandatory temperature checks and face masks for passengers and crew when flights resume.
“We’re in dialogue with regulators who are sitting in their bedrooms inventing restrictions such as taking out the middle seats, which is just nonsense. It would have no beneficial effect whatsoever,” says Ryanair CEO Michael O’Leary.
He explained: “When this thing is over there is going to be such massive discounting going on that there will be a large spike upward in travel and tourism for a period of time.”
“It’s tricky to understand how many airlines will be able to operate profitably. It will be a much smaller industry,” said Brian Pearce, Iata’s chief economist, talking about the onboard social distancing proposals.
His team argues that social distancing through vacant middle seats is no guarantee against the spread of coronavirus on planes. Instead, Iata supports the wearing of face masks by passengers for safer flying.
Airlines will only be able to increase airfares once passenger numbers recover, but this will only be by 2021 at the earliest, estimates Iata.
EasyJet to Refund Holidays Booked Until Last Week of March
EasyJet has begun canceling holidays up until the last week in March amid the tightening of lockdowns around…
Austria Closes Borders With the Czech Republic
Amid rising case numbers, Austria is closing its 42 border crossings with the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Smaller…
Travellers to Czech Republic From France, Ireland Need Test as of Monday
People coming to the Czech Republic from France and Ireland will have to submit their negative coronavirus tests…
Ryanair Cuts More Flights, Only One Connection From Prague in January
Ryanair expects to lose 95% of its traffic in February and March, with few if any flights operating…
SkyUp Set to Launch New Connection With Czech Republic
Ukraine’s SkyUp airline has been granted permission to operate seven routes between the Czech Republic and Ukraine, starting…
Czech Republic Will Register Those Who Got Vaccinated
As they started to roll out Covid-19 vaccines, governments world-wide are grappling with how to keep track of…
Emirates to Increase Number of Flights Between Prague and Dubai
Effective the start of February 2021, Emirates will increase the number of flights on its route between Prague…
Brexit Deal Reached Between Britain and the EU
Britain and the European Union agreed Thursday on new Brexit trading arrangements more than four years after the U.K.…
UK Isolated. Hundreds of Czech Trucks Stuck at the Border
More countries banned travel from the UK on Monday amid concern over a more infectious strain of Covid-19…
Czech Republic Imposed 10-Day Quarantine For Travellers Arriving From the U.K.
Czech Ministry of Health has ordered compulsory 10-day quarantine for travelers coming from the United Kingdom. Restriction applies…
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Maine ends fiscal year with budget surplus of almost $168 million
Maine officials say the state ended the fiscal year with a budget surplus of nearly $168 million
AUGUSTA — Maine officials say the state ended the fiscal year with a budget surplus of nearly $168 million.
The Maine Department of Administrative and Financial Services announced the surplus on Tuesday. The department says it transferred $18.1 million to the state’s budget stabilization fund and $4.5 million to the Property Tax Relief Fund for Maine Residents.
State finance commissioner Kirsten Figueroa says the state is in a “strong economic position.” The department says the balance of the property tax relief fund is nearly $33 million, and that triggers a relief payment of at least $100 to the property tax payer for each homestead in Maine.
The budget stabilization fund is $236.9 million. The department says the fund acts as a savings account for Maine.
Pownal farm’s goal is connecting humans with horses
Sen. Collins co-sponsors bill requiring presidential campaigns to report foreign contacts
augusta maine, Maine Legisature
Get updates on our complete local & national coverage to wrap up your day.
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Camera IconKym Curnow is one of four people who lost their lives in “catastrophic” bushfires in Esperance. Credit: Supplied, Facebook
Esperance bushfire: Farmer Kym Curnow died trying to save others
SONIA KOHLBACHER, DANIELLE LE MESSURIER and ALYESHA ANDERSONPerthNow
WA NewsDisaster and Emergency
ROLLING UPDATES: Live coverage of the Esperance bushfiresLive coverage of the Esperance bushfiresLive coverage of the Esperance bushfires
OUT OF CONTROL: Esperance still faces days of bushfires
TRIBUTES have continued to flow for Esperance farmer Kym ‘Freddy’ Curnow who lost his life in the blaze.
Friends and people who knew Mr Curnow described him as a “loyal” man and father to a beautiful family.
He left behind his wife Rosanne, their high school aged daughter Emma and twin sons Tom and Riley.
Mr Curnow celebrated his 45th birthday last Friday, the same day he attended the high school graduation ceremony for one his sons.
Camera IconFormer Gibson Football Club president Mark Quinlivan paid tribute to Kym 'Freddy Curnow. Credit: Supplied, Chelsea Templeton
Former Gibson Football Club president Mark Quinlivan broke down and cried as he remembered the friend and teammate he had grown up with.
“When he was young he was an absolute rabbit, he was just mad, completely mad,” he said.
“We were telling stories last night about the things he’s done, and how the hell he was not already dead to be honest [with] some of the things he’s done. But as he got older he has matured.
“This bloke was a bloody legend, there is no other word for him, he is just a very unique bloke,” Mr Quinlivan told News Corp yesterday.
“There wouldn’t be one person in Esperance that could say a bad word about Freddy. Not one person.”
Mr Quinlivan said his childhood friend held the club record for the most games played and had become a role model for younger players.
“I’ve had calls from blokes that played in opposition clubs, we played against them all our lives and they’ve been coming in and crying in the office. Anyone dying is bad but Freddy, he’s bulletproof, you just think it couldn’t be Freddy, but it was.
“He’d do anything to help anyone, and that’s what he was doing.”
Camera IconEsperance Bushfire Car Wreckage Victim Inset 650x366 Credit: Supplied
Esperance shire president Victoria Brown led tributes to Mr Curnow at a residents’ community on Thursday morning, remembering him as a well-loved man who was popular within the community.
“He is one of ours, he’s our boy, he is his family’s boy, he is a son, he’s a dad, he is a brother, he is an uncle, he’s a good bloke,” Ms Brown said.
“He is what our community is made up of, blokes like Freddy Curnow.
“I know all of us, all of us are thinking of his family and his friends and it is going to be a hard hit to our community.”
Esperance resident Andy Johnston said Mr Curnow had spent hours warning his neighbours to evacuate before eventually fleeing in his own car.
The father-of-three was meant to be leaving the area with a neighbour when he spotted vehicles travelling in the wrong direction — towards the fire.
“They had basically been running away from fire all day. It kept chasing them and they were running to homes warning everyone to get out of the way,” Mr Johnston said.
“Fred and the other guy were going in one direction and I believe Fred stopped to flag down someone who was going the opposite way and that’s when the tragedy happened.”
Mr Johnston said it “all went pear-shaped real quick” when the neighbour realised “Freddy” wasn’t travelling behind him.
“He was expecting his neighbour Fred, the guy who died, to be right behind him and he didn’t make it out from where they were.”
Police discovered Mr Curnow’s gutted car on Wednesday morning.
Shire Councillor Paul Griffiths said the loss of the “Esperance icon” was “tragic”.
“He was out there helping people (when he died), and that was the type of bloke he was,” Mr Griffiths said.
“The community is shattered after losing a person like that. He had a really good way at looking at life — he was always really helpful.”
“He was a fantastic footy player, I umpire footy here and he still took a great mark.”
Mr Griffiths said the community wouldn’t be the same without him, but that his family can expect the full support of everyone in Esperance.
“When you live in a small community everybody is a part of who you are,” he said.
“He will be sadly missed.”
An Esperance resident, who did not wish to be named, said the community were “gutted” by the news.
British man Tom Butcher, 31, Norwegian Anna Winther, 29, and a German woman, Julia, 19, also perished in the bushfires when their vehicle towing a horse float was caught in flames as they tried to flee the property and rescue a horse in the process.
Their bodies were found in a burned out vehicle that was towing a float when it rolled over.
LATEST ESPERANCE FIRE PHOTOS
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No more broken promises, Premier
Joe Spagnolo, political editorPerthNow
August 7, 2013 12:52PM
OpinionNews
COLIN Barnett must stick to his election promises in today's state budget, or risk being crucified by the public.
State Opposition leader Mark McGowan today identified the $1.9 billion airport rail link and $1.8 billion MAX light rail projects as non-negotiable budget items.
Barnett promised during the election that both these projects would be delivered by 2018, regardless of Commonwealth funding.
This afternoon we will see if Barnett is a man of his word.
Barnett has delayed his post-election budget by three months as he and Treasurer Troy Buswell identified ways of producing a surplus against a backdrop of enormous infrastructure spending and public sector commitments.
Barnett might try and argue that the economy has changed since the budget, but the bottom line is that he made commitments during the election that he knew he had no money for.
It has been well documented that Barnett wanted $3 billion from the Commonwealth to deliver his rail projects as well as the $800 million Perth to Darwin Highway.
So far, he has received just $900 million for these projects from the Commonwealth.
Just a few months into a new four-year term of government, Barnett can afford to deliver a tough budget.
He can argue that tough decisions were needed in tough economic times, producing more voter-friendly budgets as we get closer to the 2017 poll.
But Barnett's credibility has been under siege since the March 9 poll, with a growing list of broken promises.
Barnett said last week the public did not put much credence on promises. He is wrong.
Barnett will be poorly judged if he walks away from promises made just a few months ago.
Growing debt, cuts to government programs, a shift in Royalties for Regions priorities - these will be major talking points in the budget.
But should Barnett's rail projects be deferred, that will be the headline of the day.
Port to Pub! Swim to Rotto as a 25km solo, 19.7km solo, duo, team of 4 or 6 Entries are filling up, sign up NOW!
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Global leadership and cooperation critical for Covid recovery – leading macroeconomic influencers
Lockdowns should not be used as the primary method for controlling Covid-19 pandemic – leading macroeconomic influencers
Credit: Shutterstock.com.
Countries across the world used lockdowns and social distancing measures to control the spread of the Covid-19 virus. The strategy, however, led to widespread unemployment, business closures and poverty. Lockdowns may not be ideal method for controlling the pandemic. Macroeconomic influencers share their views on the Covid-19 impact.
Daniel Lacalle
Daniel Lacalle, chief economist at Tressis SV, shared an article on the views expressed by officials from the World Health Organisation on avoiding lockdowns as the primary method of controlling the spread of the Covid-19 infection.
The article notes that lockdowns have produced devastating effects including poverty, job losses and business closures. Lockdowns have also led to increase in domestic violence, mental health issues and increased levels of stress and anxiety.
The officials recommend the use of focused protection wherein the most vulnerable people of the population are protected, while less vulnerable should be allowed to resume normal life.
WHO official urges world leaders to stop using lockdowns as primary virus control method.
https://t.co/arTwb0ZjpY
— Daniel Lacalle (@dlacalle_IA) October 11, 2020
Prof. Steve Hanke
Prof. Steve Hanke, economist at Johns Hopkins University, shared an article on how the UK National Health Institute will not be able to handle the increased number of coronavirus cases. Hospitals around the UK have approximately 500 beds but the number of patients is more than 3,100.
The UK is planning to implement tougher lockdown restrictions as the number of infections rise despite opposition from various politicians and experts. The new restrictions are expected to lead to the closure restaurants and pubs along with a 10pm hospitality curfew.
The #UK’s vaunted #NHS will be overwhelmed if #COVID infections continue to rise. Where's the National Health Service when you need it? The NHS has never learned
the 5 Ps: prior preparation prevents poor performance. https://t.co/w1vXSHXcUB
— Prof. Steve Hanke (@steve_hanke) October 11, 2020
Steve Keen, an economist, shared an article on how wearing masks and hygiene precautions adopted to prevent the spread of Covid-19 pandemic have helped in reducing 99.8% influenza cases in New Zealand. During the months of winter, the country witnesses at least 1,600 deaths due to influenza especially in older people with pre-existing conditions.
The precautions taken in response to Covid-19 have helped in reducing the mortality rate to 5%. Other respiratory illnesses such as the common cold and rhinoviruses, however, have not been controlled as some pathogens are not affected by such measures, the article added.
The number of influenza cases are expected to continue to remain low as the country moves into summer. The number of cases during the next year will depend on the border control responses adopted by the country, the article highlighted.
The highly effective COVID-19 response in New Zealand is also credited with reducing influenza infections by 99.8% during their winter and preventing ~1500 flu-related deaths.https://t.co/J63AcDuuXj
— Robert Rohde (@RARohde) October 11, 2020
Christophe Barraud, an economist, shared an article on how emerging markets in Asia will have to be prepared to handle the oncoming wave of ratings downgrades. After an initial slump in capital flows, emerging markets witnessed an increase in investments. However, as a second wave of infections grips the northern hemisphere, this recovery is slowing down.
The World Bank forecast in June that emerging economies will shrink by 2.5%. Government debt in emerging economies was at 34% of GDP during the last financial crisis in 2008 and at the end of 2019, it was 53%. Emerging economies are, therefore, in a much vulnerable position and at risk of a deeper crisis.
Rating agencies have been cautious in providing their ratings, with S&P Global Ratings issuing 23 downgrades or 17% of rated emerging economies. The impact of the pandemic is expected to be most on emerging economies in Asia, that were growing due to globalisation. As countries revaluate their supply chains and plan to reshore their operations, Asian economies will be most affected, the article noted.
🌏 Asian emerging markets must brace for coming wave of ratings downgrades – and debt defaults – CNBChttps://t.co/rQJid52mnS
— Christophe Barraud🛢 (@C_Barraud) October 11, 2020
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pharmaceutical daily
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Pharma Business
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Dr. Reddy’s to Acquire Select Anti-Allergy Brands from Glenmark in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
November 28, 2020 November 29, 2020 BusinessWire 0 Comments
HYDERABAD, India–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (BSE: 500124, NSE: DRREDDY, NYSE: RDY, along with its subsidiaries together referred to as “Dr. Reddy’s”) today announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement with Glenmark Pharmaceuticals Ltd. to acquire, subject to completion of certain precedent actions and closing activities, brands Momat Rino (for Russia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), Momat Rino Advance (for Russia), Momat A (for Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan), Glenspray and Glenspray Active (for Ukraine), along-with rights to the trademarks, dossiers and patents for the territories mentioned.
The acquired brands represent two types of products, (a) mometasone mono product and (b) combination of mometasone with azelastine, and are indicated for the treatment of Seasonal and Perennial Allergic Rhinitis.
M V Ramana, Chief Executive Officer, Branded Markets (India and Emerging Markets) of Dr. Reddy’s said, “The new brands are a great addition to our product portfolio in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan which are important core markets for us. Momat Rino, the largest brand acquired, has recently received OTC registration in Russia and this will enable accelerated access of this product to patients.
The acquired products will further add to Dr. Reddy’s strong presence in the anti-allergy segment in these countries, and will also enable us to offer a more comprehensive solution to patients in this area.”
About Dr. (Read more…) Reddy’s: Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories Ltd. (BSE: 500124, NSE: DRREDDY, NYSE: RDY) is an integrated pharmaceutical company, committed to providing affordable and innovative medicines for healthier lives. Through its three businesses – Pharmaceutical Services & Active Ingredients, Global Generics and Proprietary Products – Dr. Reddy’s offers a portfolio of products and services including APIs, custom pharmaceutical services, generics, biosimilars and differentiated formulations. Our major therapeutic areas of focus are gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, diabetology, oncology, pain management and dermatology. Dr. Reddy’s operates in markets across the globe. Our major markets include – USA, India, Russia & CIS countries, and Europe. For more information, log on to: www.drreddys.com
Disclaimer: This press release may include statements of future expectations and other forward-looking statements that are based on the management’s current views and assumptions and involve known or unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results, performance or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied in such statements. In addition to statements which are forward-looking by reason of context, the words “may”, “will”, “should”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “believes”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential”, or “continue” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements. Actual results, performance or events may differ materially from those in such statements due to without limitation, (i) general economic conditions such as performance of financial markets, credit defaults , currency exchange rates, interest rates, persistency levels and frequency / severity of insured loss events, (ii) mortality and morbidity levels and trends, (iii) changing levels of competition and general competitive factors, (iv) changes in laws and regulations and in the policies of central banks and/or governments, (v) the impact of acquisitions or reorganization, including related integration issues, and (vi) the susceptibility of our industry and the markets addressed by our, and our customers’, products and services to economic downturns as a result of natural disasters, epidemics, pandemics or other widespread illness, including coronavirus (or COVID-19), and (vii) other risks and uncertainties identified in our public filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including those listed under the “Risk Factors” and “Forward-Looking Statements” sections of our Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended March 31, 2020. The company assumes no obligation to update any information contained herein.”
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Today’s Daily Critical Issues report summarizes PERF’s activities in 2020, and our plans for 2021.
In many ways, 2020 was a year that no one will ever forget. In February, COVID-19 began to change the very fundamentals of how police agencies operate. And in May, the death of George Floyd in Minneapolis triggered a national upheaval and calls for police reform that have continued to this day.
Because of COVID, police agencies across the country changed overnight in many ways. PERF tried to do the same, with major changes in how PERF does its business. Following are brief summaries of some of PERF’s activities in 2020:
Daily Reports: As COVID-19 began hammering American cities and police departments in March 2020, PERF realized that we needed a new way to gather information and share it immediately with PERF members. So we started the Daily COVID-19 Reports.
For each of these reports, PERF interviews several police chiefs, sheriffs, or other experts about some specific aspect of the COVID story. In other cases, the Daily Reports are based on surveys that PERF members respond to. We write up what you tell us, and email a Daily Report with our findings to all PERF members the next day at 7 a.m.
Later, when American cities began erupting in May with George Floyd demonstrations, protests, calls for police reform, and in some cases riots, we created a new category of these daily reports, called Daily Critical Issues Reports, to address a range of other issues. Many of our Daily Reports broke new ground on issues such as violent crime trends, budget impacts of COVID-19, hiring challenges, and members’ priorities for the incoming Biden Administration.
With generous support from the Motorola Solutions Foundation and the Howard G. Buffett Foundation, we’ve issued about 200 of these reports so far, and plan to continue these daily reports for as long as they are relevant to our members. Back issues of all COVID Reports and Critical Issues Reports are available on PERF’s website.
PERF Trending: In February we launched “PERF Trending,” a Saturday morning column in which Executive Director Chuck Wexler discusses things that are happening at PERF, or perspectives we have heard from PERF members. Back issues of Trending are on PERF’s website here. Here are a few that generated a strong response:
December 26th: Online Meetings: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
November 28: Police Reform and Good Police Work Cannot Be Mutually Exclusive
October 17: Let’s Talk About the Costs of Not Fighting Crime
September 26: Who Wants to Apply for a Chief’s Job When Some Chiefs Are Treated So Badly?
September 19: Police Executives Need to Monday-Morning Quarterback Themselves Too
August 1: COVID Has Demonstrated that Police Are Problem-Solvers
July 11: The Good Cop
June 13: How Do We Respond to “Defund the Police”?
May 30: The Death of George Floyd, and Its Searing Effect on Policing
SMIP: Because of COVID, PERF had to cancel the 2020 sessions of the Senior Management Institute for Police (SMIP). We considered creating an online version of SMIP, but it would have been an imperfect solution, because much of the value of SMIP is the in-person classroom exchanges, and the friendships that are made by participants from across the country. We conducted a survey of those who had registered for SMIP 2020, and the registrants overwhelmingly told us they would prefer to wait until 2021, rather than attend a virtual SMIP.
PERF is looking forward to holding SMIP 2021 in Boston next summer. The availability of COVID vaccines makes our return to Boston look very good, and we will do all we can to make this happen.
PERF’s longtime SMIP coordinator Tony Narr retired in 2020, and is enjoying his well-deserved “Chapter 2.” PERF Senior Research Associate Matt Harman took the reins from Tony and is managing the planning for SMIP 2021. Matt will be assisted by Senior Principal Dan Alioto.
PERF’s Annual Events: Because of the health risks of holding meetings during the pandemic, PERF had no choice but to cancel our 2020 Annual Meeting. However, we held two virtual Town Hall Meetings, each 2 hours long, on June 18 and June 30. And our fall Town Hall Meeting was held online on October 20. While nothing can replace the energy and spontaneity of in-person meetings, these virtual events allowed us to explore a range of timely issues from the perspectives of many PERF members.
PERF hopes to be able to hold our 2021 Annual Meeting in person, in conjunction with the Major Cities Chiefs Association. Plans are begin made to meet at the Westin St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco on June 1-4, 2021.
Other PERF Research Reports: In addition to our Daily Reports, PERF has kept pace with regular reports on key issues in policing, including the following. Click on each title to see the full report:
Wearable Sensor Technology and Potential Uses Within Law Enforcement
How FirstNet Deployables Are Supporting Public Safety
The Role of Police Executives in Assisting Victims of Mass Violence
How Local Police Can Combat the Global Problem of Human Trafficking
Police Chiefs and Prosecutors Work Through Challenges to Find Common Ground
Building Trust with Immigrant Communities
Guidance on Policies and Practices for Patrol Canines
Drones: A Report on the Use of Drones by Public Safety Agencies—and a Wake-Up Call about the Threat of Malicious Drone Attacks
The Law Enforcement Response to Homelessness
Refining the Role of Less-Lethal Technologies: Critical Thinking, Communications, and Tactics Are Essential in Defusing Critical Incidents
Building Trust: The Benefits of Engaging Immigrant Communities in Smaller Cities and Towns
Inventory of Promising Practices and Programs for Immigrant and Refugee Outreach
Current Projects: PERF continued to work on projects involving the following topics in 2020. We plan to release the results of this work in 2021:
Police use of facial recognition technology;
Strategies for strengthening police departments’ officer wellness programs;
Reimagining police academy training;
Vehicular pursuits;
Implementing effective, legal Unmanned Aircraft System (drone) programs;
Collaborations between campus police departments and municipal police agencies;
Resources for first-line supervisors to use in managing critical incidents;
Implementation of FirstNet broadband services in police and sheriffs’ departments;
Innovative uses of data dashboards to support police decision-making;
Improving the response to missing and murdered American Indians and Alaska natives.
ICAT Training: PERF was able to conduct a number of ICAT training sessions across the country before COVID put in-person trainings on hold. Watch for a major announcement about a national expansion of ICAT training opportunities in 2021.
Sheriffs Outreach: PERF continued to examine the challenges facing sheriffs’ offices in both their enforcement and correctional roles, with a special focus on their response to COVID-19. PERF also published a report documenting best practices in pretrial release and community-based supervision.
Management Services: PERF conducted many reviews of individual law enforcement agencies in 2020, on issues such as pursuit policies, performance of sex crimes units, advancing diversity in recruiting and hiring, use-of-force policies and practices, and comprehensive organizational reviews.
Membership: The pandemic has not slowed down PERF’s membership. Over the past decade, PERF membership has climbed every year, without exception.
Executive Search: In 2020, PERF’s Executive Search team helped the City of Philadelphia to identify a new police commissioner with the hiring of Danielle Outlaw, and the City of Madison, WI to identify a new police chief with the hiring of Shon Barnes. PERF has also been assisting Louisville, KY in their search for a new chief of police.
Everything PERF does is based on the active involvement of PERF members.
We are grateful for all of the assistance you provide, and wish you a safe and productive new year.
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Podemos divides opposition with Rajoy no-confidence motion
Far-left wants to portray the Socialists as lackeys to the ruling Popular Party.
Podemos leader Pablo Iglesias walks past Spain's Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy
By Diego Torres
MADRID — The far-left opposition group Podemos announced a motion of no confidence on Thursday against Spain’s conservative Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy, an initiative which seems bound to fail in parliament but is really aimed at embarrassing other opposition groups, especially the Socialists.
In Spain, motions of no confidence are constructive — meaning the opposition needs to agree on a new PM in order to take down the government. The center-left Spanish Workers’ Socialist Party (PSOE) and the centrist Ciudadanos said almost immediately that they wouldn’t support the motion.
The maneuver follows a new wave of corruption cases in the past two weeks which have further tainted Rajoy’s Popular Party (PP) and discredited the rule of law in the country at large.
First, Rajoy was summoned as a witness in a massive corruption case involving kickbacks for public contracts and the illegal financing of his party. Second, Ignacio González, a former PP president of the Madrid region, was arrested in relation to a new investigation over economic crimes in the region’s public water company. Spanish media also reported that the chief anti-corruption prosecutor had tried to hamper the work of investigators handling the case.
“Corruption is a virus infecting our country,” Pablo Iglesias, the leader of Podemos, said on Thursday. “It’s not acceptable for judges and prosecutors to come under political pressures,” he added, arguing that the motion was a necessary step to clean up the country.
Although Rajoy’s government has the weakest parliamentary support since the restoration of Spanish democracy, the divided opposition has been unable to propose any viable alternative to the conservatives. An attempt last year by the then leader of the PSOE, Pedro Sánchez, to oust Rajoy and become prime minister was backed by Ciudadanos but voted down by Podemos and the PP.
Antonio Hernando, the PSOE’s speaker in Congress, told reporters the Socialists would vote against the motion and dismissed Podemos’ initiative as “irresponsible fireworks.”
“A year ago he deceived us; he won’t deceive us now,” Hernando added.
José Manuel Villegas, Ciudadanos’ second-in-command, told reporters that his party “won’t support any of the circus shows to which Podemos has accustomed us.”
Rajoy has 137 lawmakers in the 350-strong lower chamber. The Socialist have 85 MPs, followed by the Podemos-led leftist alliance with 71 and Ciudadanos with 32.
“Let them present the motion,” the PP’s speaker in Congress, Rafael Hernando, told reporters defiantly.
Spain has seen only two motions of no confidence against sitting prime ministers since the transition to democracy in the 1970s — and both of them failed.
The latest attempt is also very unlikely to succeed, but the real aim of the maneuver appears to be to portray the Socialists as lackeys to the conservatives, at a time when the PSOE is highly vulnerable because of an internal leadership fight ahead of party primaries on May 21.
Spain’s strong budget built on fragile foundations
Mariano Rajoy to testify in major corruption trial
By Gašper Završnik
Corruption fight threatens fragile Spanish peace
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Mariano Rajoy Pablo Iglesias
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PR in the grips of 'overtime epidemic' - professionals work 24 extra days unpaid each year, study finds
November 13, 2018 by Arvind Hickman
The PR industry is in the grips of an overtime epidemic with more than a quarter (27 per cent) of professionals working unpaid overtime on a daily basis, a groundbreaking new study shared with PRWeek has found.
More than a quarter of PR professionals work unpaid overtime every day
This is more than double the proportion (12 per cent) of the average British worker and highlights an alarming trend of agencies overworking their employees.
The study, commissioned by Ginger Research, polled 480 PR professionals and 1,500 British workers across a range of sectors.
It revealed the average PR practitioner in the UK will work two full days (15 hours) every month on top of their scheduled hours, which amounts to a staggering 24 days of unpaid work in a year.
If a PR professional on an average annual salary (£34,000) was paid for their overtime, they would be entitled to an extra £1,942 each year.
Aside from 27 per cent working unpaid overtime each day, a further 14 per cent of professionals work unpaid overtime 3-4 times a week and more than a quarter (26 per cent) do so 2-3 times a week. This means that two-thirds (67 per cent) of PR professionals work unpaid overtime at least twice a week. Agency bosses were the worst culprits, while in-house PR professionals were less likely to work overtime than their agency peers (see further analysis and infographic below).
Harriet Scott, managing director of Ginger Research and GingerComms, told PRWeek the aim of the study was to establish the working habits of PR professionals and the pressures and pinch points that exist in the industry.
"We were staggered to see the amount of unpaid overtime that is worked by PR practitioners, especially when compared to the national average," she said. "We believe it’s our duty as an industry to come up with solutions to address this issue. Initiatives like flexible working and partnering with third parties to streamline processes can help."
Industry leaders told PRWeek the findings highlighted a broader overservicing problem that the PR industry needs to urgently address.
PRCA director general Francis Ingham described the findings as "shocking but sadly not surprising".
"PR professionals work themselves tremendously hard because as an industry we overservice to a ridiculous extent," he said.
"That has to stop, and the best way to make it stop is to embrace and embed proper evaluation techniques into everything we do.
"If we are to banish this overtime scourge, we should get serious about first proving our impact, and then reducing our hours. Once we’re able to provide quantifiable results, will we begin to reduce overservicing and to manage client expectations properly."
CIPR president Sarah Hall, who also found the findings "disturbing" said the overtime epidemic is a "danger to employee health and wellbeing".
"Businesses themselves pay the price for failing to confront the issue with high sickness rates and staff churn," she said.
"Smart leaders recognise that productivity soars when team members are motivated and engaged. In today’s climate, there is absolutely no excuse for failing to adopt agile working patterns that benefit staff, the business and clients alike."
Agency bosses the worst culprits
Further analysis of the data found agency workers are much more likely to work unpaid overtime than in-house PR professionals.
Agency CEOs and owners do the lion’s share of unpaid overtime, with 52 per cent claiming they working extra hours each day.
Agency group account directors and PR freelancers came in joint second (50 per cent), followed by agency divisional directors (40 per cent) and agency MDs (33 per cent), then in-house PR directors (31 per cent).
In-house PR assistants were the least likely group to work unpaid overtime, with more than half (55 percent) claiming never to do to.
The study also looked at which regions did the most overtime. It found the East Midlands is the PR overtime capital, with 42 per cent of respondents reporting daily unpaid overtime. Those working the North West were the least likely, with only 17 per cent working daily overtime.
Emma, a 32-year-old account director in a northern consumer PR agency, spoke to PRWeek on the condition of anonymity about the problem.
"When I started working for my first PR agency, straight from university, it almost broke me. The entire agency, from juniors through to MD, was working 12-hour days. If people left on time it was looked down upon, and getting in at 9am, when our day officially started, was seen by most people there as being late," she said.
"The main reason for all the overtime seemed to be a huge amount of over-serving on our current clients, plus a constant new business drive. There were tears on a weekly basis from overworked staff, and I literally didn’t have a life outside work for two years.
"I almost left several times. My parents kept telling me this wasn’t normal and I should go into a different, less stressful area, like working in a prison. I kept at it though, and it was good training. I now work for an agency where overtime isn’t the norm, but still work many Sundays, catching up on the week ahead."
What PR professionals said about the findings
Emma is not alone in her dislike of unpaid overtime hours. Researchers found that 87 per cent of British workers believe that working unpaid overtime is unfair, and that people should be paid for the work they do.
Laura Jones (below), an account manager at BrandContent, told PRWeek working overtime in the PR industry is prevalent due to the nature of the job.
"I’ve got friends who work in the PR industry in different cities, and it’s just a given that they’ll be in the office until gone 7pm most nights. We’re lucky here in that unless something unexpected crops up or there’s an event, we usually finish on time," she said.
"For me, it would only become a problem when your work-life balance is so out of kilter it starts to impact your personal life and your enjoyment of work. It’s also a big red flag if the hours you put in aren’t recognised and recompensed in any way. That’s not to say I’d expect to be paid an hourly rate any time I’m in the office after 5.30pm, but gratitude and some flexibility around starting later the next day after a late finish, or taking some time back goes a long way to redressing the balance. In a previous role I was expected to work ‘as long as it took’ without so much as a thank-you."
Sharon Flaherty (below), MD of BrandContent, said the key is providing staff with flexibility.
"If our team work overtime it’s not the norm and nor would we ever want it to be. We don’t need knackered staff or burned-out brains. If overtime is becoming a habit then something is not working effectively in the business and that’s an operational problem that needs addressing," she said.
"We speak to so many people who are still working in the ‘old agency model’, where it’s frowned upon to leave work before 7pm, meaning mums and dads sacrifice time with their kids. Who does that benefit? As employers we should be promoting a view that you can have it all – a great career and a healthy family life balance – if we’re not, we’re propagating an old-fashioned way of working that won’t attract the right people."
Georgia Upton, a director at consumer lifestyle PR agency Wild West, said agencies need to put parameters in place to promote a balanced lifestyle to staff.
"It is possible to have first-class clients and produce kick-ass campaigns, without working into the night. We’ve also introduced a ‘personal-hour’, where every staff member is invited to take an hour for themselves each week. We acknowledge how hard our team work – and with careful planning and a good, open partnership with clients, it is possible to keep overtime to an absolute minimum."
It’s a problem that the PR industry needs to seriously tackle if it wants to attract and hold onto talent.
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Posts tagged with "bicycle lane"
City Mayor approves bus and cycle route improvements
March 25th, 2014 Leicester City Mayor Sir Peter Soulsby has approved plans for a £205,000 project that is set to improve bus and cycle routes across Leicester. The plans were unveiled by the city council, and include short-term developments that will be carried out over the upcoming weeks. The council has listened to complaints from the... By March 25th, 2014 0 comments
Pukaar Magazine
Leicester brewed Ale hits Michelin-starred restaurant
Free Fruit Available at Leicester Leisure Centres
Gym offers discount prices for smoking quitters
New Cancer Trials Unit at Leicester Royal Infirmary
PUKAAR NEWS
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I Am an Addict
An anachronistic public access TV channel plays host to a self-help guru with one goal- to scare viewers out of whatever addiction may be plaguing them. Using his trademarked “Eight Step Action Plan”, he covers topics ranging from sex to gluttony, each of them glitching into a terrifying tale of addiction gone wrong. Eight international directors take on these stories, presenting horrifying shorts focused on the darkest and most surreal side of addiction.
Director: Adam Nelson, Alan Custer, Harry Bartholomew, Michael J. Epstein, Pedro André, Rob Ulitski, Sam Mason Bell, Shannon Katie Hopkins
Actors: Adam Nelson, Annabella Rich, Antony Knight, Becky Searle, Chris Mills, Francesca McCrohon, Jamie Langlands, Lisa Ford, Michael Feldsher, Michael J. Epstein, Seth Chatfield
Duration: 0
Keywords:I Am an Addict
Three friends find themselves fighting for their lives when their urban exploration goes horribly wrong
A group of friends runs a popular travel vlog that helps fund their adventures. The leader of the group includes her younger sister for the next scuba diving trip to…
Rapturious
Hip-hop meets horror in this twisted tale directed by Kamal Ahmed (The Jerky Boys). Binging on hard drugs, white rapper Rapturious spins into murderous hallucinations – or is he really…
Follow-up to the 2013 film World War Z. The plot is currently unknown.
Genre: Action, Horror, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction, Thriller
The Abandoned
A film producer who was adopted as a baby and sent to America, returns to her native Russia and the family farm. Once there, strange things begin to happen including…
Hantu Kak Limah
Kak Limah is discovered dead by villager. Since then, her ghost has been spotted around Kampung Pisang, making the villagers feel restless. Enter Encik Solihin, who tries to help by…
As the millenium draws near, an evil being awakens. Fused to an ancient Talisman for centuries — Theriel, the Black Angel is summoned from his resting place to usher in…
After the premature death of her estranged husband, Emma (Winter) regains custody of their young daughter Isla (Jones) and hopes to rebuild their relationship after many years apart. But when…
When a virus leaks from a top-secret facility, turning all resident researchers into ravenous zombies and their lab animals into mutated hounds from hell, the government sends in an elite…
Genre: Action, Horror, Sci-Fi, Science Fiction
Set in the 1980s, an estranged family hires a cult deprogrammer to take back their teenage son from a murderous cult, but find themselves under siege when the cultists surround…
The House in Between
A dream home turned into a nightmare after a life-changing paranormal experience. The homeowner, Alice Jackson, refuses to spend another night at her house unless someone proves to her what…
Genre: Documentary, Horror, Thriller
The Devonsville Terror
Dr. Worley investigates a 300-year-old witch’s curse in the New England town of Devonsville. Three liberated, assertive women move into town, which angers the bigoted, male-dominated town fathers. One of…
Murders in the Rue Morgue
The story involves a series of murders in Charron’s performing company, murders caused by various members getting doused with vitriolic acid. Turns out all the people killed have a common…
Genre: Crime, Drama, Horror, Mystery, Romance, Thriller
The Remains
After a family moves into an old Victorian home, they discover a chest in the attic containing antiques tainted by a malevolent spirit. As the antiques slowly possess each family…
The Seven
In 1968, a group of devil worshipers died in a mysterious fire that burnt their mansion down to the ground. Now, years later, a college stands on the same site….
Several years ago, a sleepy Pacific Northwest town was terrorized by a skull-faced maniac with a thirst for blood. It seemed no man, woman or child was safe from the…
Banshee Chapter
On the trail of a missing friend who had been experimenting with mind-altering drugs, a young journalist – aided by a rogue counter-culture writer, The Silence of The Lambs —…
Rottentail
Adaptated from the cult graphic novel, Rottentail is the story of geeky fertility researcher Peter Cotton who, when bitten by a mutant rabbit, transforms into a vengeance-seeking half-man/half-bunny. What’s a…
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Oracle Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux
Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux E24321-04 November 2011 Oracle Database Installation Guide, 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux E24321-04 Copyright © 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Primary Authors: Prakash Jashnani, Namrata Bhakthavatsalam, Reema Khosla Contributing Authors: Douglas Williams, Kevin Flood, Clara Jaeckel, Emily Murphy, Terri Winters Contributors: David Austin, Subhranshu Banerjee, Janelle Simmons, Mark Bauer, Robert Chang, Jonathan Creighton, Sudip Datta, Thirumaleshwara Hasandka, Joel Kallman, George Kotsovolos, Simon Law, Richard Long, Shekhar Vaggu, Rolly Lv, Padmanabhan Manavazhi, Sreejith Minnanghat, Krishna Mohan, Rajendra Pingte, Hanlin Qian, Roy Swonger, Ranjith Kundapur, Aneesh Khandelwal , Barb Lundhild, Barbara Glover, Binoy Sukumaran, Hema Ramamurthy, Prasad Bagal, Martin Widjaja, Ajesh Viswambharan, Eric Belden, Sivakumar Yarlagadda, Rudregowda Mallegowda , Matthew McKerley, Trivikrama Samudrala, Akshay Shah, Sue Lee, Sangeeth Kumar, James Spiller, Saar Maoz, Rich Long, Mark Fuller, Sunil Ravindrachar, Sergiusz Wolicki, Eugene Karichkin, Joseph Francis, Srinivas Poovala, David Schreiner, Neha Avasthy, Dipak Saggi, Sudheendra Sampath, Mohammed Shahnawaz Quadri, Shachi Sanklecha, Zakia Zerhouni, Jai Krishnani, Darcy Christensen. This software and related documentation are provided under a license agreement containing restrictions on use and disclosure and are protected by intellectual property laws. Except as expressly permitted in your license agreement or allowed by law, you may not use, copy, reproduce, translate, broadcast, modify, license, transmit, distribute, exhibit, perform, publish, or display any part, in any form, or by any means. Reverse engineering, disassembly, or decompilation of this software, unless required by law for interoperability, is prohibited. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice and is not warranted to be error-free. If you find any errors, please report them to us in writing. If this is software or related documentation that is delivered to the U.S. Government or anyone licensing it on behalf of the U.S. Government, the following notice is applicable: U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle America, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065. This software or hardware is developed for general use in a variety of information management applications. It is not developed or intended for use in any inherently dangerous applications, including applications that may create a risk of personal injury. If you use this software or hardware in dangerous applications, then you shall be responsible to take all appropriate fail-safe, backup, redundancy, and other measures to ensure its safe use. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates disclaim any liability for any damages caused by use of this software or hardware in dangerous applications. Oracle and Java are registered trademarks of Oracle and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks or registered trademarks of Intel Corporation. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. AMD, Opteron, the AMD logo, and the AMD Opteron logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices. UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group. This software or hardware and documentation may provide access to or information on content, products, and services from third parties. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates are not responsible for and expressly disclaim all warranties of any kind with respect to third-party content, products, and services. Oracle Corporation and its affiliates will not be responsible for any loss, costs, or damages incurred due to your access to or use of third-party content, products, or services. iii Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................................. xi Audience....................................................................................................................................................... xi Documentation Accessibility..................................................................................................................... xi Command Syntax....................................................................................................................................... xii Accessing Documentation......................................................................................................................... xii Related Documentation............................................................................................................................ xiii Typographic Conventions........................................................................................................................ xiv What’s New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2).......................................................... xv Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) New Features and Enhancements.................................... xv Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features....................................................................... xv Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) New Features....................................................................... xvi Deprecated in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) ............................................................................ xx 1 Overview of Oracle Database Installation New Oracle Products and Features Installed with This Release.................................................... 1-1 Planning the Installation ........................................................................................................................ 1-1 Installing the Linux Operating System................................................................................................ 1-3 Completing a Minimal Linux Installation ...................................................................................... 1-3 Completing a Default Linux Installation........................................................................................ 1-3 About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux.............................................................. 1-4 About the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM .......................................................................... 1-4 Installing the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM from Unbreakable Linux Network ....... 1-5 Installing the Oracle Validated RPM from DVDs or Images....................................................... 1-6 Installation Considerations.................................................................................................................... 1-6 Hardware and Software Certification............................................................................................. 1-7 Third-Party Database Certification for Oracle SQL Developer............................................ 1-7 Multiple Oracle Homes Support...................................................................................................... 1-7 Installing Oracle Database on a System with an Existing Oracle Installation ................... 1-7 Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server ...................................................................... 1-8 Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services........................................................................................ 1-8 Installing Oracle Database Vault in an Oracle Data Guard Environment................................. 1-8 Oracle Database Vault Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters ............................. 1-9 Oracle Database Installation Methods................................................................................................. 1-9 Interactive Installation Types ........................................................................................................... 1-9 iv Automated Installation Methods Using Response Files ........................................................... 1-10 Software Updates Option .................................................................................................................... 1-10 Oracle Database Editions..................................................................................................................... 1-10 Database Configuration Options ....................................................................................................... 1-11 Preconfigured Database Types ..................................................................................................... 1-11 Installation Choices that Affect Database Creation.................................................................... 1-12 Creating a Database After Installation......................................................................................... 1-12 Database Storage Options ................................................................................................................... 1-12 File System ....................................................................................................................................... 1-12 Oracle Automatic Storage Management...................................................................................... 1-13 Database Management Options ......................................................................................................... 1-15 Management Options for Preconfigured Databases.................................................................. 1-16 Management Options for Custom Databases ............................................................................ 1-16 Features Provided by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control .................................... 1-16 Database Backup and Recovery Options.......................................................................................... 1-17 Enabling Automated Backups....................................................................................................... 1-17 Backup Job Default Settings ......................................................................................................... 1-18 E-mail Notification Options................................................................................................................ 1-18 Migration Consideration ..................................................................................................................... 1-18 Upgrade Considerations ...................................................................................................................... 1-19 Upgrading an Oracle Database Installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1........................... 1-19 Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure ............................................................. 1-19 Daylight Saving Time Upgrade .................................................................................................... 1-20 Upgrading an Oracle Database in the Same Oracle Home....................................................... 1-20 2 Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements Logging In to the System as root........................................................................................................... 2-2 Checking the Hardware Requirements................................................................................................ 2-3 Memory Requirements...................................................................................................................... 2-3 System Architecture........................................................................................................................... 2-5 Disk Space Requirements.................................................................................................................. 2-5 Display Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 2-7 Checking the Software Requirements ................................................................................................. 2-7 Operating System Requirements ..................................................................................................... 2-7 Kernel Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 2-9 Package Requirements ................................................................................................................... 2-10 Compiler Requirements ................................................................................................................. 2-18 Additional Software Requirements.............................................................................................. 2-19 Oracle ODBC Drivers .............................................................................................................. 2-19 Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers ...................................................................................................... 2-20 Linux-PAM Library ................................................................................................................. 2-21 Oracle Messaging Gateway.................................................................................................... 2-21 Programming Languages ....................................................................................................... 2-21 Browser Requirements ............................................................................................................ 2-21 Oracle Database Vault Preinstallation Requirement .......................................................... 2-22 Installation Fixup Scripts..................................................................................................................... 2-22 Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters.................................................................................... 2-22 v Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux....................................................................................... 2-23 Checking the Network Setup.............................................................................................................. 2-24 Installing on DHCP Computers.................................................................................................... 2-24 Installing on Multihomed Computers ......................................................................................... 2-24 Installing on Computers with Multiple Aliases ......................................................................... 2-25 Installing on Non-Networked Computers .................................................................................. 2-25 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users............................................................. 2-25 Creating Custom Configuration Groups and Users for Job Roles........................................... 2-26 Understanding Restrictions for Oracle Installations with Job Role Separation.............. 2-26 Database Groups for Job Role Installations ......................................................................... 2-26 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Groups for Job Role Installations ........................................... 2-27 Creating Database Operating System Groups and Users with Job Role Separation ............ 2-28 Creating the Oracle Inventory Group................................................................................... 2-28 Creating the OSDBA Group for Database Installations ..................................................... 2-29 Creating an OSOPER Group for Database Installations .................................................... 2-29 Creating the OSASM Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management...................... 2-30 Creating the OSDBA Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management...................... 2-30 Creating the OSOPER Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management.................... 2-30 Creating the Oracle Software Owner User........................................................................... 2-30 Determining if an Oracle Software Owner User Exists............................................... 2-30 Creating an Oracle Software Owner User..................................................................... 2-31 Modifying an Existing Oracle Software Owner User.................................................. 2-31 Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users...................................... 2-31 Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux........................................................................................ 2-33 Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values................................................................. 2-35 Identifying Required Software Directories ..................................................................................... 2-36 Oracle Base Directory ..................................................................................................................... 2-37 Oracle Inventory Directory............................................................................................................ 2-38 Oracle Home Directory .................................................................................................................. 2-38 Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory .......................................................................... 2-39 Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory............................................................................ 2-39 Creating an Oracle Base Directory................................................................................................ 2-40 Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files......................................... 2-41 Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files ........................................................ 2-42 Guidelines for Placing Oracle Database Files on a File System................................................ 2-42 Creating Required Directories....................................................................................................... 2-42 Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices........................................ 2-43 Configuring Disk Devices for Oracle Database.............................................................................. 2-44 Example of Creating a Udev Permissions File for Oracle Database........................................ 2-44 Example of Configuring Block Device Storage for Oracle Database....................................... 2-44 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes................................................................................................... 2-45 Configuring the oracle User’s Environment .................................................................................... 2-47 3 Oracle Grid Infrastructure Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation............................................................... 3-2 Memory Requirements...................................................................................................................... 3-2 Disk Space Requirements.................................................................................................................. 3-3 vi Configuring the User’s Environment.............................................................................................. 3-3 Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support........................................................................................... 3-4 Managing Disk Groups for Older Database Versions ..................................................................... 3-5 Migrating Existing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instances......................................... 3-5 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Considerations ........................................... 3-6 Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation ............................. 3-6 General Steps for Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management .................................. 3-7 Step 1: Identifying Storage Requirements for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ......... 3-7 Step 2: Creating DAS or SAN Disk Partitions for Oracle Automatic Storage Management 3-10 Step 3: Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ................................. 3-10 Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Using the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver (ASMLIB) 3-10 Configuring Disk Devices Manually for Oracle Automatic Storage Management........ 3-14 Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure Using a Software-Only Installation............................... 3-15 Installing the Software Binaries .................................................................................................... 3-15 Configuring the Software Binaries ............................................................................................... 3-15 Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server..................... 3-16 Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with a New Database Installation................................ 3-16 Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for an Existing Database................................................ 3-21 Modifying Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Binaries .................................. 3-22 Manually Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups........................ 3-23 Testing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation ............................................... 3-23 4 Installing Oracle Database Preinstallation Considerations .............................................................................................................. 4-1 Performing Multiple Oracle Database Installations in Response File or Silent Mode............. 4-1 Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines................................................................ 4-1 Selecting the Database Character Set .............................................................................................. 4-2 Using an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Group .................................................. 4-3 Accessing the Installation Software ..................................................................................................... 4-4 Downloading Oracle Software......................................................................................................... 4-5 Downloading the Installation Archive Files from OTN........................................................ 4-5 Downloading the Software from Oracle Software Delivery Cloud .................................... 4-5 Extracting the Installation Files................................................................................................. 4-6 Copying the Software to the Hard Disk ......................................................................................... 4-7 Mounting Disks........................................................................................................................... 4-7 Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk........................................................ 4-8 Database Security Options..................................................................................................................... 4-8 Installing the Oracle Database Software............................................................................................. 4-9 Running Oracle Universal Installer................................................................................................. 4-9 Installing Oracle Database Examples................................................................................................ 4-19 5 Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks Required Postinstallation Tasks ........................................................................................................... 5-1 Downloading and Installing Patches .............................................................................................. 5-1 Recommended Postinstallation Tasks ................................................................................................. 5-2 Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script .......................................................................................... 5-3 vii Configuring New or Upgraded Databases..................................................................................... 5-3 Creating and Configuring Additional Operating System Accounts .......................................... 5-3 Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users ............................................................................. 5-4 Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable............................................................................. 5-4 Generating the Client Static Library................................................................................................ 5-4 Guidelines for Setting Semaphore Parameters .............................................................................. 5-4 Creating a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group ................................................................................... 5-5 About the Fast Recovery Area and the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group........................... 5-5 Creating the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group ........................................................................ 5-6 Enabling and Disabling Database Options..................................................................................... 5-6 Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks ............................................................................ 5-7 Configuring Oracle Net Services ..................................................................................................... 5-7 Configuring Oracle Label Security.................................................................................................. 5-8 Configuring Oracle Database Vault ................................................................................................ 5-8 Configuring Oracle Messaging Gateway ....................................................................................... 5-8 Modifying the listener.ora File for External Procedures....................................................... 5-8 Modifying the tnsnames.ora File for External Procedures ................................................... 5-9 Setting Up the mgw.ora Initialization File ........................................................................... 5-10 Configuring Oracle Precompilers................................................................................................. 5-10 Configuring Pro*C/C++......................................................................................................... 5-10 Configuring Pro*FORTRAN .................................................................................................. 5-11 Configuring Secure Sockets Layer................................................................................................ 5-11 Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases .................................................................... 5-11 Configuring or Reinstalling Oracle XML DB.............................................................................. 5-11 Configuring and Using Direct NFS Client .................................................................................. 5-11 Direct NFS Client ..................................................................................................................... 5-12 Enabling a Direct NFS Client .......................................................................................... 5-12 Disabling Direct NFS Client............................................................................................ 5-14 Checking NFS Buffer Size Parameters........................................................................... 5-14 Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer....................................................................................... 5-14 Migrating User Settings from Release 1.0.................................................................................... 5-14 Migrating Information from Previous Releases ......................................................................... 5-15 Location of User-Related Information ......................................................................................... 5-15 6 Getting Started with Oracle Database Checking the Installed Oracle Database Contents and Directory Location................................. 6-1 Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control .......................................................... 6-1 Managing Oracle Automatic Storage Management .......................................................................... 6-3 Starting and Stopping Oracle Automatic Storage Management................................................. 6-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Utilities.......................................................................... 6-3 Accessing Oracle Database with SQL*Plus ........................................................................................ 6-4 Accessing Oracle Database with SQL Developer.............................................................................. 6-5 Reviewing Accounts and Passwords.................................................................................................... 6-5 Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords........................................................................................... 6-8 Using Database Control to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords .......................................... 6-8 Using SQL*Plus to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords........................................................ 6-9 Unlocking and Changing Passwords.............................................................................................. 6-9 viii Identifying Databases .......................................................................................................................... 6-10 Locating the Server Parameter File .................................................................................................... 6-11 Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files.............................. 6-11 Identifying Tablespaces and Data Files ....................................................................................... 6-12 Locating Redo Log Files................................................................................................................. 6-13 Locating Control Files..................................................................................................................... 6-13 7 Removing Oracle Database Software About the Deinstallation Tool............................................................................................................... 7-2 Downloading the Deinstallation Tool for Use with Failed Installations ..................................... 7-4 Example of Running the Deinstall Command ................................................................................... 7-5 Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Database .......................................................... 7-5 Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure ........................................ 7-6 A Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files How Response Files Work..................................................................................................................... A-1 Reasons for Using Silent Mode or Response File Mode.............................................................. A-2 Creating a Database Using Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the Storage Option for Database Files A-3 General Procedure for Using Response Files................................................................................ A-3 Creating the oraInst.loc File .................................................................................................................. A-3 Preparing a Response File ..................................................................................................................... A-4 Editing a Response File Template................................................................................................... A-4 Saving a Response File ..................................................................................................................... A-5 Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File ........................................................... A-6 Running Net Configuration Assistant Using a Response File....................................................... A-7 Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File............................................. A-8 Using Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode ............................................. A-9 Using Database Configuration Assistant in Silent Mode............................................................ A-9 Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode......................... A-9 Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File.................................................................. A-10 About the Postinstallation Configuration File............................................................................ A-10 Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File.............................................. A-10 B Cloning an Oracle Home Cloning an Oracle Home ....................................................................................................................... B-1 Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home...................................... B-3 C Using NAS Devices General Configuration Guidelines for NAS Devices...................................................................... C-1 NFS Feature Description........................................................................................................................ C-2 Choosing Mount Points ......................................................................................................................... C-2 Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Software Files ....................................................................... C-2 Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Database and Recovery Files ............................................. C-4 Creating Files on a NAS Device for Use with Oracle Automatic Storage Management........... C-4 NFS Mount Options................................................................................................................................ C-5 ix D Optimal Flexible Architecture Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard.............................................................. D-1 Advantages of Multiple Oracle Homes and OFA ........................................................................ D-1 Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture................................................................................... D-2 File Systems........................................................................................................................................ D-2 Number of File Systems ............................................................................................................ D-2 Naming Conventions ................................................................................................................ D-2 Naming Directories........................................................................................................................... D-2 Oracle Base Directory Naming Convention........................................................................... D-3 Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases (VLDBs)................................................. D-3 Referring to Path Names........................................................................................................... D-3 Oracle Home Directory Naming Convention........................................................................ D-3 Naming Subdirectories ............................................................................................................. D-4 Naming Database Files..................................................................................................................... D-5 Separating Segments with Different Requirements..................................................................... D-6 Exploiting the Optimal Flexible Architecture Structure for Oracle Files.................................. D-6 Optimal Flexible Architecture File Mapping ................................................................................ D-7 E Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers About Managing Ports ........................................................................................................................... E-1 Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLs .......................................................................................... E-2 Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components ....................................................................... E-2 Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port.............................................................. E-3 Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports............................................... E-4 F Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages............................................... F-1 Configuring Oracle Components to Run in Different Languages............................................. F-1 Determining the Operating System Locale by Using the LANG Environment Variable F-2 Configuring Locale and Character Sets Using NLS_LANG................................................ F-3 Installing Translation Resources..................................................................................................... F-3 Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages......................................................... F-4 G Troubleshooting Verify Requirements .............................................................................................................................. G-1 X Window Display Errors...................................................................................................................... G-2 Remote Terminal Installation Error..................................................................................................... G-2 What to Do If an Installation Error Occurs?....................................................................................... G-3 Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session................................................................................... G-3 Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart........................................................................ G-4 Troubleshooting Host Name Changes and CSS ............................................................................... G-5 Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants........................................................................................ G-5 Configuration Assistant Failure...................................................................................................... G-5 Irrecoverable Errors .......................................................................................................................... G-5 Troubleshooting Inventory Issues....................................................................................................... G-6 x Troubleshooting Screen Display Issues ............................................................................................. G-6 Silent-Mode Response File Error Handling....................................................................................... G-6 Core File Not Enabled Error.................................................................................................................. G-6 Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation.............................................................................................. G-7 H Frequently Asked Questions About Installation Installing Oracle Database ................................................................................................................... H-1 Installing Oracle Database Tools......................................................................................................... H-3 Installing Oracle Database with Oracle Applications ..................................................................... H-8 Installing Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity Tools (Gateways) .............................. H-8 Glossary Index xi Preface This guide provides instructions about how to install and configure Oracle Database for Linux. This guide describes Optimal Flexible Architecture, Database Storage Options, and Database Configuration Options. This guide also describes installing and configuring a database using response files, globalization support, ports, and troubleshooting. The preface contains the following topics: ■ Audience ■ Documentation Accessibility ■ Command Syntax ■ Accessing Documentation ■ Related Documentation ■ Typographic Conventions Audience This guide is intended for anyone responsible for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) on Linux systems. Additional installation guides for Oracle Database, Oracle Real Application Clusters, Oracle Clusterware, Oracle Database Examples, and Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control are available on the relevant installation media. See Also: To install Oracle Database using the default settings refer to: ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86 ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64 ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for IBM: Linux on System z Documentation Accessibility For information about Oracle's commitment to accessibility, visit the Oracle Accessibility Program website at http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=docacc. xii Access to Oracle Support Oracle customers have access to electronic support through My Oracle Support. For information, visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=info or visit http://www.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=acc&id=trs if you are hearing impaired. Command Syntax UNIX command syntax appears in monospace font. The dollar sign ($), number sign (#), or percent sign (%) are UNIX command prompts. Do not enter them as part of the command. The following command syntax conventions are used in this guide: Convention Description backslash \ A backslash is the UNIX command continuation character. It is used in command examples that are too long to fit on a single line. Enter the command as displayed (with a backslash) or enter it on a single line without a backslash: dd if=/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s6 of=/dev/rst0 bs=10b \ count=10000 braces { } Braces indicate required items: .DEFINE {macro1} brackets [ ] Brackets indicate optional items: cvtcrt termname [outfile] ellipses ... Ellipses indicate an arbitrary number of similar items: CHKVAL fieldname value1 value2 ... valueN italic Italic type indicates a variable. Substitute a value for the variable: library_name vertical line | A vertical line indicates a choice within braces or brackets: FILE filesize [K|M] Accessing Documentation The documentation for this release includes platform-specific documentation and generic product documentation. Platform-Specific Documentation Platform-specific documentation includes information about installing and using Oracle products on particular platforms. This guide contains information required to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) on various platforms of Linux. Ensure that you review information related to the platform on which you intend to install Oracle Database 11g. The platform-specific documentation for this product is available in both PDF and HTML format on the product media. To access the platform-specific documentation on media: 1. Use a Web browser to open the welcome.html file in the top-level directory of the media. 2. Platform-specific documentation is available in PDF and HTML formats in the Documentation section. xiii Product Documentation Product documentation includes information about configuring, using, or administering Oracle products on any platform. The product documentation for Oracle Database 11g products is available in both HTML and PDF formats in the following locations: ■ On the Oracle Database Documentation Library media Use a Web browser to view or open the index.htm file in the top-level directory on the media. ■ Online on the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) Web site: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html Related Documentation The related documentation for Oracle Database 11g products includes the following manuals: ■ Oracle Database Concepts ■ Oracle Database New Features Guide ■ Oracle Database Licensing Information ■ Oracle Database Readme ■ Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX ■ Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide ■ Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux ■ Oracle Database Client Installation Guide for Linux ■ Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide ■ Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86 ■ Oracle Database Client Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86 ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64 ■ Oracle Database Client Quick Installation Guide for Linux x86-64 ■ Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide for IBM: Linux on System z ■ Oracle Database Client Quick Installation Guide for IBM: Linux on System z ■ Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide ■ Oracle Database Upgrade Guide ■ Oracle Database 2 Day DBA ■ Oracle Application Express Installation Guide For information about Oracle error messages, see Oracle Database Error Messages. Oracle error message documentation is available only in HTML. If you only have access to the Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Online Documentation Library, then you can browse the error messages by range. After you find the specific range, use xiv your browser's "find in page" feature to locate the specific message. When connected to the Internet, you can search for a specific error message using the error message search feature of the Oracle online documentation. Many books in the documentation set use the sample schemas of the seed database, which is installed by default when you install Oracle Database. See Oracle Database Sample Schemas for information about how these schemas were created and how you can use them yourself. To download free release notes, installation documentation, white papers, or other collateral, visit Oracle Technology Network. You must register online before using Oracle Technology Network; registration is free and can be done at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/community/join/overview/index.html If you have a user name and password for Oracle Technology Network, then you can go directly to the documentation section of Oracle Technology Network Web site at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html See Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux for important information that was not available when this book was released. The release notes for Oracle Database 11g are updated regularly. The most recent version is available on Oracle Technology Network at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html Typographic Conventions The following text conventions are used in this document: Convention Meaning boldface Boldface type indicates graphical user interface elements associated with an action, or terms defined in text or the glossary. italic Italic type indicates book titles, emphasis, or placeholder variables for which you supply particular values. monospace Monospace type indicates commands within a paragraph, URLs, code in examples, text that appears on the screen, or text that you enter. xv What’s New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) This section describes new features that are documented in this guide and provides pointers to additional information. ■ Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) New Features and Enhancements ■ Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features ■ Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) New Features ■ Deprecated in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) New Features and Enhancements ■ Proxy Realm Information Proxy Realm Information Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) you can enter the Proxy Realm information when providing the details for downloading software updates. The proxy realm identifies the security database used for authentication. If you do not have a proxy realm, then you do not have to provide an entry for the Proxy Username, Proxy Password, and Proxy Realm fields. It is case-sensitive. This proxy realm is for software updates download only. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2) New Features The following is a list of new features or enhancements provided with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2): ■ Enhanced Patch Set Installation ■ New Software Updates Option ■ In-Place Upgrade of Oracle Database Client ■ TDE Hardware Acceleration Enhanced Patch Set Installation Starting with the release of the 11.2.0.2 patch set for Oracle Database 11g Release 2, Oracle Database patch sets are full installations of the Oracle Database software. Note the following changes with the new patch set packaging: xvi ■ Direct upgrades from previous releases (11.x, 10.x) to the most recent patch set are supported. ■ Out-of-place patch set upgrades, in which you install the patch set into a new, separate Oracle home, are the best practices recommendation. In-place upgrades are supported but are not recommended. ■ New installations consist of installing the most recent patch set, rather than installing a base release and then upgrading to a patch release. See Also: My Oracle Support note 1189783.1, "Important Changes to Oracle Database Patch Sets Starting With 11.2.0.2", available from the following URL: https://support.oracle.com/CSP/main/article?cmd=show&type=NO T&doctype=ANNOUNCEMENT&id=1189783.1 New Software Updates Option This functionality is available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). Use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply software updates as part of the Oracle Database installation. You can also download the updates separately using the -downloadUpdates option and later apply them during the installation by providing the location where the updates are present. See Also: "Software Updates Option" on page 1-10 In-Place Upgrade of Oracle Database Client This functionality is available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). Use the In-Place Upgrade feature of Oracle Database Client to upgrade an existing Oracle Database Client 11g Release 2 (11.2) version with the latest Oracle Database Client version. See Also: Oracle Database Client Installation Guide for Linux for more information about In-Place Upgrade TDE Hardware Acceleration Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) can automatically detect whether the database host machine includes specialized cryptographic silicon that accelerates the encryption or decryption processing. When detected, TDE uses the specialized silicon for cryptographic processing accelerating the overall cryptographic performance significantly. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), cryptographic hardware acceleration for TDE is available on Intel Xeon with AES-NI, and for Linux x86 and Linux X86-64 on Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1) New Features The following is a list of new features or enhancements provided with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.1): ■ New Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Option ■ New Desktop and Server Class Options ■ Daylight Saving Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type ■ SYSASM Privilege xvii ■ Fixup Scripts and Prerequisite Checks ■ Database Smart Flash Cache ■ New Tool to Configure Custom Installation Options ■ Deinstallation Tool ■ Intelligent Data Placement ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System ■ Oracle Data Pump Export and Oracle Data Pump Import ■ Use Oracle Restart to Automatically Restart Your Database ■ SRVCTL Support for a Single-Instance Database in a Cluster New Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Option Oracle Database 11g Release 2 introduces the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. For single instance databases, Oracle Grid Infrastructure includes Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), the listener, and Oracle Restart. Oracle Restart is a new feature that provides the ability to monitor, manage, and automatically restart if the Oracle Database environment including the Oracle Database instance, Oracle Automatic Storage Management instance, and listeners fails. In a clustered environment, Oracle Grid Infrastructure includes Oracle Clusterware, Oracle ASM, and the listener. To use Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, you must install the Oracle software from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure media before you install the database. See Also: Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" New Desktop and Server Class Options Oracle Database 11g Release 2 introduces a new option that enables you to specify the type of system on which the database is installed. If you are installing on a laptop or a desktop, then select the Desktop Class option; otherwise, select the Server Class option to install on a server. These options are available on the System Class screen. There is no difference in the software that gets installed after you select any one option but the Desktop Class option installs a single instance database without the advanced configuration options. See Also: "Interactive Installation Types" on page 1-9 for more information about the desktop and server class options Daylight Saving Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type When time zone version files are updated due to daylight saving time changes, TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE (TSTZ) data could become stale. In previous releases, database administrators ran the SQL script utltzuv2.sql to detect TSTZ data affected by the time zone version changes and then had to perform extensive manual procedures to update the TSTZ data. With this release, TSTZ data is updated transparently with minimal manual procedures using newly provided DBMS_DST PL/SQL packages. In addition, there is no longer a need for clients to patch their time zone data files. See Also: ■ Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about preparing to upgrade Timestamp with Time Zone data ■ Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about how to upgrade the Time Zone file and Timestamp with Time Zone data ■ Oracle Call Interface Programmer's Guide for information about performance effects of clients and servers operating with different versions of Time Zone files xviii SYSASM Privilege Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM administration must be done with the SYSASM privilege. The SYSASM privilege also can be granted using password authentication on the Oracle ASM instance. You can designate OPERATOR privileges (a subset of the SYSASM privileges, including starting and stopping Oracle ASM) to members of the OSOPER for an Oracle ASM group. Using the SYSASM privilege for ASM administration creates a clear division of responsibility between ASM administration and database administration. It also provides the optional capability to prevent different databases using the same storage from accidentally overwriting each other's files. See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about the SYSASM privilege, ASMSNMP account, and OSASM operating system group Fixup Scripts and Prerequisite Checks Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) detects when minimum requirements for an installation are not completed, and creates scripts, called fixup scripts, to resolve many incomplete system configuration requirements. If OUI detects an incomplete task, then click the Fix & Check Again button to generate the fixup script. For Oracle Clusterware, you also can have Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) generate fixup scripts before the installation. The fixup script is generated during the installation. You are prompted to run the script as root in a separate terminal session. When you run the script, it sets some system parameters to Oracle-recommended values, if necessary, and completes other operating system configuration tasks. Database Smart Flash Cache Database Smart Flash Cache feature is a transparent extension of the database buffer cache using solid state device (SSD) technology. The SSD acts as a Level 2 cache to the (Level 1) Oracle system global area (SGA). SSD storage is faster than disk storage, and cheaper than RAM. Database Smart Flash Cache with SSD storage gives you the ability to greatly improve the performance of your Oracle databases by reducing the amount of disk I/O at a lower cost than adding an equivalent amount of RAM. Database Smart Flash Cache is supported on Oracle Solaris and Oracle Linux only. See Also: ■ Oracle Database New Features Guide ■ Oracle Database Concepts ■ Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about Database Smart Flash Cache xix New Tool to Configure Custom Installation Options Oracle Universal Installer no longer provides the custom installation option of individual components. Use the chopt tool, a command-line utility that is located in the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory, to configure the database options. See Also: "Enabling and Disabling Database Options" on page 5-6 Deinstallation Tool Use the new deinstallation tool (deinstall) available as an Oracle Technology Network download (before installation) and in the Oracle home directory (after installation) to remove Oracle Database software. See Chapter 7, "Removing Oracle Database Software" Intelligent Data Placement The Intelligent Data Placement feature enables you to specify disk regions on Oracle ASM disks to ensure that frequently accessed data is placed on the outermost (hot) tracks which provide higher performance. See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle ASM Intelligent Data Placement Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) is a new multiplatform, scalable file system, and storage management design that extends Oracle ASM technology, to support data that cannot be stored in Oracle ASM, in both single instance and cluster configurations. Additionally, Oracle ACFS provides snapshot functionality for a point in time copy of an Oracle ACFS system. The software required for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System is installed with the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. See Also: ■ "Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support" on page 3-4 ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle ACFS Oracle Data Pump Export and Oracle Data Pump Import Data Pump provides a legacy mode in which you can use original export and import parameters when performing Oracle Data Pump export and import operations. See Also: Oracle Database Utilities for more information about Data Pump Legacy Mode xx Use Oracle Restart to Automatically Restart Your Database Oracle Restart is a new feature included in this release to enhance the availability of Oracle databases in a single-instance environment. If you install Oracle Restart, and there is a temporary failure of any part of the Oracle Database software stack, including the database, listener, and Oracle ASM instance, Oracle Restart automatically restarts the failed component. In addition, Oracle Restart starts all these components when the database host computer is restarted. The components are started in the proper order, taking into consideration the dependencies among components. See Also: Chapter 4, "Configuring Automatic Restart of an Oracle Database" in the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle Restart New Method of Installing Oracle Automatic Storage Management In past releases, Oracle ASM was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is installed when you install the Oracle Grid Infrastructure components and shares an Oracle home with Oracle Clusterware when installed in a cluster such as with Oracle Real Application Cluster (Oracle RAC) or with Oracle Restart on a single instance database. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation. See Also: "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for more information about installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software SRVCTL Support for a Single-Instance Database in a Cluster SRVCTL was enhanced to support single-instance databases with Oracle Restart on standalone servers and on clusters with Oracle Clusterware. SRVCTL is a command-line interface used to manage Oracle processes (database instance, listener, Oracle ASM instance) when using Oracle Restart. With SRVCTL, you can manage the Oracle Restart configuration, see the status of processes managed by Oracle Restart, and start or stop processes such as the Oracle Database. See Also: Chapter 4, "Configuring Automatic Restart of an Oracle Database" in the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about SRVCTL commands Deprecated in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) The following are not supported or not available anymore with Oracle Database 11g Release 2: ■ Installing data files directly on raw devices is no longer available during installation with Oracle Universal Installer or Database Configuration Assistant. You must use a file system or use Oracle ASM. ■ Oracle Ultra Search 1 Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-1 1Overview of Oracle Database Installation This chapter describes the different installation types of Oracle Database and issues to consider before you install Oracle Database: ■ New Oracle Products and Features Installed with This Release ■ Planning the Installation ■ Installing the Linux Operating System ■ Installation Considerations ■ Oracle Database Installation Methods ■ Software Updates Option ■ Oracle Database Editions ■ Database Configuration Options ■ Database Storage Options ■ Database Management Options ■ Database Backup and Recovery Options ■ E-mail Notification Options ■ Migration Consideration ■ Upgrade Considerations New Oracle Products and Features Installed with This Release Refer to What’s New in Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) for more information about the new features and products installed with this release. Planning the Installation The Oracle Database installation process consists of the following steps: 1. Read the release notes: Read Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux before you begin the installation. The release notes are available with the platform-specific documentation. The latest version of the release notes is available on Oracle Technology Network at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html Planning the Installation 1-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide 2. Review the licensing information: Although the installation media in the media pack contain many Oracle components, you are permitted to use only those components for which you have purchased licenses. Oracle Support Services does not provide support for components for which licenses have not been purchased. See Also: Oracle Database Licensing Information 3. Plan the installation: This chapter describes the Oracle products that you can install and issues that you must consider before starting the installation. You can also refer to Appendix H, which covers frequently asked questions about installing Oracle Database components, such as how to install Oracle Database if the site uses Oracle applications or if you need multiple Oracle Database connections. 4. Complete preinstallation tasks: Chapter 2 describes preinstallation tasks that you must complete before installing the product. 5. Install the software: Use the following sections to install Oracle Database and Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server: ■ Chapter 3 describes how to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server. ■ Chapter 4 describes how to use Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle Database and how to clone an Oracle home. ■ Chapter 7 describes how to remove Oracle Database software. ■ Appendix A provides information about performing silent, or response file installations, which you may want to use if you must perform multiple installations of Oracle Database. ■ Appendix B provides information about cloning an Oracle home. ■ Appendix F describes globalization support information. ■ Appendix G provides troubleshooting advice in case you encounter problems with the installation. 6. Complete postinstallation tasks: Chapter 5 describes recommended and required postinstallation tasks. 7. Get started using Oracle Database: Use the following sections to get started with Oracle Database: ■ Chapter 6 describes how to verify the contents of the installed Oracle Database, how to start various tools, and how to locate various files. ■ Appendix C describes the network-attached storage (NAS) devices, which you can use to store Oracle database files and Oracle software. ■ Appendix D describes the Optimal Flexible Architecture, which is a set of guidelines that ensures reliable Oracle installations that require little maintenance. ■ Appendix E explains the method to manage Oracle Database port numbers. Installing the Linux Operating System Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-3 Installing the Linux Operating System This section describes how to instal a supported Linux distribution. It contains the following topics: ■ Completing a Minimal Linux Installation ■ Completing a Default Linux Installation ■ About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux ■ About the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM ■ Installing the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM from Unbreakable Linux Network ■ Installing the Oracle Validated RPM from DVDs or Images Completing a Minimal Linux Installation To complete a minimal Linux installation, select a minimal installation option (either a custom installation where you select the Minimal option from Package Group Selection, or where you deselect all packages except for the Base pack). This installation lacks many RPMs required for installation. However, when you install the Oracle Validated RPM for your platform, the RPM downloads the minimum number of packages required to run Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Database. Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN) customers can obtain the Oracle Validated RPM by using the up2date option. If you are not a ULN customer, and your operating system is Red Hat or Oracle Linux, then you can get the Oracle Validated RPM at the following URLs: Oracle Linux 4 http://oss.oracle.com/el4/oracle-validated/ Oracle Linux 5 http://oss.oracle.com/el5/oracle-validated/ Note: ■ If you are not a member of the ULN or Red Hat support network (RHN) service and you are an Oracle support customer, then you can download instructions to configure a script that replicates Oracle Validated RPM package downloads at: https://support.oracle.com Search for minimal Linux. ■ The Oracle Validated RPM installs the X11 client libraries, but it does not install the X Window System server packages. To use graphical user interfaces such as Oracle Universal Installer, configuration assistants, and Enterprise Manager, set the display to a system with X Window System server packages. Completing a Default Linux Installation If you do not install the Oracle Validated RPM, then Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs). This installation includes most of the required packages and helps you limit manual Installing the Linux Operating System 1-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide verification of package dependencies. Oracle recommends that you do not customize the RPMs during installation. For information about the default installation, log on to the My Oracle Support Web site at the following URL: https://support.oracle.com Search for Default RPM. After installation, review system requirements for your distribution to ensure that you have all required kernel packages installed, and complete all other configuration tasks required for your distribution and for your system configuration. About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is available for x86-64 platforms. It is based on a stable 2.6.32 Linux kernel, and also includes optimizations developed in collaboration with Oracle Database, Oracle middleware, and Oracle hardware engineering teams to ensure stability and optimal performance for the most demanding enterprise workloads. Oracle highly recommends deploying the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel in your Linux environment, especially if you run Oracle software. However, using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel is optional. If you require strict Red Hat Enterprise Linux kernel (RHEL) compatibility, then Oracle Linux also includes a kernel compatible with the RHEL Linux kernel, compiled directly from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux source code. You can obtain more information about the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux at the following URL: http://www.oracle.com/us/technologies/linux/index.html The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Linux kernel installs directly on top of Oracle Linux 5, or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, starting with Update 5, so you are not required to upgrade to a new major release of the operating system to obtain the benefits and features of this new kernel. You can obtain additional information and download the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux at the following URL: http://public-yum.oracle.com/ The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is the standard kernel used with Oracle products. The build and QA systems for Oracle Database and other Oracle products use the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux exclusively. The Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is also the kernel used in Oracle Exadata and Oracle Exalogic systems. Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux is used in all benchmark tests on Linux in which Oracle participates, and also in the Oracle Validated Configuration program for x86-64. Refer to "Kernel Requirements" on page 2-9 for Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel requirements. About the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM If the Linux distribution is Oracle Linux, or Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and you are an Unbreakable Linux customer, then you can complete most preinstallation configuration tasks by using the Oracle Validated Configurations Setup RPM, available from the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN), or available on the Oracle Linux DVD disks. Installing the Linux Operating System Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-5 When it is installed, the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM does the following: ■ Automatically installs any additional packages needed for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database. ■ Creates an oracle user, and creates the oraInventory (oinstall) and OSDBA (dba) groups for that user ■ Sets and verifies sysctl.conf settings, system startup parameters, user limits, and driver parameters to values based on recommendations from the Oracle Validated Configurations program To become an Unbreakable Linux Network customer, contact your sales representative or purchase a license from the Unbreakable Linux store: https://shop.oracle.com/product/oraclelinux To register your server on the Unbreakable Linux Network or to find out more information, go to: https://linux.oracle.com If you are using Oracle Linux 4.7 and later, or Oracle Linux 5.2 and later, then the Oracle Validated RPM is included on the installation media. Note: The Oracle Validated RPM sets kernel parameters and resource limits only for the user account oracle. To use multiple software account owners, you must perform system configuration for other accounts manually. Installing the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM from Unbreakable Linux Network Use the following procedure to subscribe to Oracle Unbreakable Linux channels and to add the Oracle Software for the Enterprise Linux channel that distributes the Oracle Validated Configurations Setup RPM: 1. Complete a default Oracle Linux workstation installation or a default Red Hat Enterprise Linux installation. 2. Register the server with the Unbreakable Linux Network (ULN). By default, you are registered for the Oracle Linux Latest channel for the operating system and hardware. 3. Log in to ULN at: https://linux.oracle.com 4. Click the Systems tab, and in the System Profiles list, select a registered server. The System Details window opens and displays the subscriptions for the server. 5. From the Available Channels list, select the _base and _patch channels corresponding to your Oracle Linux distribution. For example, if your distribution is Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 for x86_64, then select the following: ■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 installation media copy (x86_64) ■ Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 Patch (x86_64) 6. Click Subscribe. 7. From a terminal session, as a root user, enter the following command: # up2date --nox --show-channels Installation Considerations 1-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, for example: el5_u5_i386_base el5_u5_x86_64_patch 8. Open a terminal session as a root user, and install the Oracle Validated Configurations Setup RPM with up2date using the following command: # up2date --install oracle-validated Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations. Note: Check the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM log file to review the system configuration changes: /var/log/oracle-validated/results/orakernel.log Installing the Oracle Validated RPM from DVDs or Images Use the following procedure to install the Oracle Validated Configuration RPM from the Oracle Linux distribution: 1. Get Oracle Linux disks either by ordering the Oracle Linux media pack from Oracle Store, or downloading disk images from the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal for Oracle Linux and Oracle Virtual Machine (Oracle VM). Oracle Store: https://shop.oracle.com/store/enterpriselinux Oracle Software Delivery Cloud: https://edelivery.oracle.com/linux 2. Start the Oracle Linux installation. 3. At the first software selection screen, which lists task-specific software options, there is an option at the bottom of the screen to customize now or customize later. Select Customize now, and click Next. 4. On the Customize selection page, select Base System on the list on the left side of the screen, and then select System Tools on the right side of the screen. Then, click Optional Packages. 5. The Packages in System Tools window opens. Select the Oracle Validated RPM package box from the package list, and click Next. 6. Complete the other screens to finish the Oracle Linux installation. Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations. Installation Considerations This section contains information that you must consider before deciding how to install this product. It contains the following sections: Installation Considerations Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-7 ■ Hardware and Software Certification ■ Multiple Oracle Homes Support ■ Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server ■ Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services ■ Installing Oracle Database Vault in an Oracle Data Guard Environment ■ Oracle Database Vault Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters Hardware and Software Certification The platform-specific hardware and software requirements included in this guide were current when this guide was published. However, because new platforms and operating system software versions might be certified after this guide is published, review the certification matrix on the My Oracle Support Web site for the most up-to-date list of certified hardware platforms and operating system versions. The My Oracle Support Web site is available at: https://support.oracle.com/ You must register online before using My Oracle Support. After logging in, click Certifications from the menu options. On the Certifications page, use the Certification Search options to search by Product, Release, and Platform. You can also search using the Quick Link options such as Classic Certify & Product Roadmap, Product Availability, and Lifetime Support. Third-Party Database Certification for Oracle SQL Developer You can use Oracle SQL Developer to view metadata and data of several non-Oracle databases. The following table lists the third-party database certifications. Database Releases Notes Microsoft Access Access 97 Access 2000 Access 2003 For any Microsoft Access release: no JDBC driver needed, but you must ensure read access to the system tables in the .mdb file. Microsoft SQL Server SQL Server 7 SQL Server 2000 SQL Server 2005 For any Microsoft SQL Server release: JDBC driver jtds-1.2.2.jar required. This is included in the jtds-1.2-dist.zip file available from sourceforge.net MySQL MySQL 3.x MySQL 4.x MySQL 5.x For any MySQL release: JDBC driver required. For MySQL 5.x: mysql-connector-java-5.0.4-bin.jar is required, which is included in mysql-connector-java-5.0.4.zip Multiple Oracle Homes Support This product supports multiple Oracle homes. So, you can install this release or earlier releases of the software more than once on the same system, in different Oracle home directories. Installing Oracle Database on a System with an Existing Oracle Installation You must install Oracle Database into a new Oracle home directory. You cannot install products from one release of Oracle Database into an Oracle home directory of a Installation Considerations 1-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide different release. For example, you cannot install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 software into an existing Oracle9i Oracle home directory. You can install this release more than once on the same system if each installation is installed in a separate Oracle home directory. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server The Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server provides the infrastructure to include your single-instance database in an enterprise grid architecture. Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) combines these infrastructure products into one software installation called the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. On a single-instance database, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home includes Oracle Restart and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) software. To use Oracle ASM or Oracle Restart, you must first install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart. See Also: Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for more information about installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services When you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) configures the single-node version of Oracle Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS). Specifically, CSS is a daemon process that is configured by the root.sh script. The CSS service is required to enable synchronization between an Oracle ASM instance and the database instances that rely on it for database file storage. Because the service must be running before an Oracle ASM instance or database instance starts, it is configured to start automatically by Oracle Restart before the Oracle ASM instance is started. It must be running if an Oracle database is using Oracle ASM for database file storage. For single-instance installations, the CSS daemon is installed-in and runs from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home which is the same home that runs Oracle ASM. Note: On cluster systems with Oracle RAC installations, the CSS daemon is configured during the Oracle Clusterware installation. If the system is running Oracle Clusterware, then see Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for information about removing Oracle RAC or Oracle Clusterware. See Also: "Oracle Automatic Storage Management" on page 1-13 Installing Oracle Database Vault in an Oracle Data Guard Environment If you plan to use Oracle Data Guard with Oracle Database Vault, then see My Oracle Support note 754065.1 at: https://support.oracle.com/ Oracle Database Installation Methods Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-9 Oracle Database Vault Default Audit Policy and Initialization Parameters Oracle Database Vault installs a baseline database auditing policy. This policy covers the access control configuration information stored in Oracle Database Vault database tables, information stored in Oracle Catalog (rollback segments, tablespaces, and so on), the use of system privileges, and Oracle Label Security configuration. When you install Oracle Database Vault, the security specific database initialization parameters are initialized with default values. See Also: Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for more information about the database audit policy Oracle Database Installation Methods You can choose different installation methods to install Oracle Database, as follows: ■ Interactive Installation Types ■ Automated Installation Methods Using Response Files Interactive Installation Types When you use the interactive method to install Oracle Database, Oracle Universal Installer displays a series of screens that enable you to specify all the required information to install the Oracle Database software and optionally create a database. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle Universal Installer provides you the following options: ■ Desktop Class: Select this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. This option includes a starter database and allows minimal configuration. This option is designed for those who want to quickly set up a database. ■ Server Class: Select this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle Database in a production data center. This option allows for more advanced configuration options. Advanced configuration options available with this option include Oracle RAC, Oracle ASM, backup and recovery configuration, integration with Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control, and more fine-grained memory tuning, among others. Furthermore, the Server Class option provides you with the following installation types: – Typical: Select this installation method to quickly install Oracle Database. This installation type requires minimal user input. OUI installs the software and optionally creates a general-purpose database using the information that you specify on the screen. It is the default installation type. – Advanced: Select this installation type to complete any of the following tasks: – Select a database character set or different product languages. – Create the EXAMPLE tablespace during the installation. – Create a database on a different file system from the software. – Specify different passwords for administrative schemas. – Configure automated backups or Oracle Enterprise Manager notifications. – Configure Oracle Configuration Manager. Software Updates Option 1-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide – Customize components from the available components list. In the Select Database Edition screen, if you select Enterprise Edition, then Oracle Universal Installer automatically selects the components most customers need for their Oracle Database installation. You can also click Select Options to customize components from the components list. See Also: "Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines" on page 4-1 for additional information about Oracle database installation Automated Installation Methods Using Response Files By creating a response file and specifying this file when you start Oracle Universal Installer, you can automate some or all of the Oracle Database installation. These automated installation methods are useful if you must perform multiple installations on similarly configured systems or if the system where you want to install the software does not have X Window system software installed. When you use a response file, you can run Oracle Universal Installer in the following modes, depending on whether you specify all of the required information: ■ Silent Mode: Oracle Universal Installer runs in silent mode if you use a response file that specifies all required information, and specify the-silent option when starting Oracle Universal Installer. None of the Oracle Universal Installer screens are displayed. ■ Response File Mode: Oracle Universal Installer runs in response file mode if you do not specify all required information in the response file. For more information about these modes and about how to complete an installation using response files, see Appendix A. Software Updates Option Use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply the latest updates released by Oracle; such as, interim patch updates, critical patch updates, Oracle Universal Installer updates, and the latest patch set updates. This functionality is available with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). You can choose to download the latest updates by providing your My Oracle Support credentials or you can apply previously downloaded updates. You can also download the updates separately using the -downloadUpdates option and later apply them during the Oracle Database installation by providing the location of the updates. See Also: "Running Oracle Universal Installer" on page 4-9 for more information on the -downloadUpdates option and dynamically applying software updates during installation Oracle Database Editions You can choose one of the following database editions when installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): ■ Enterprise Edition: Installs licensable Oracle Database options and database configuration and management tools in addition to all of the products that are installed during a Standard Edition installation. It also installs products most commonly used for data warehousing and transaction processing. This option also allows you to enable or disable individual components from a components list. Database Configuration Options Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-11 ■ Standard Edition: This installation type is designed for department-level or workgroup-level applications and for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). It is engineered to provide core relational database management services and options. It installs an integrated set of management tools, full distribution, replication, Web features, and it helps build business-critical applications. ■ Standard Edition One: This installation type is designed for department-level, workgroup-level, or Web applications. From single-instance environments for small business to highly distributed branch environments, Oracle Database Standard Edition One includes all the features necessary to build business-critical applications. Note: ■ You must install Oracle Database Client separately. You cannot install it during an Oracle Database installation. See Oracle Database Client Installation Guide for Linux for installation instructions. ■ The installation process is the same for all the database editions. ■ Ensure that you install only those products for which you have a valid license. See Also: Oracle Database Licensing Information for more information about the features available with each Oracle Database edition and for information about licensing Database Configuration Options During the Oracle Database installation, you can choose to create an Oracle database as part of the installation. If you choose to create an Oracle database, then Oracle Universal Installer uses Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create it. You can create the database with one of the preconfigured database types, which are designed for a variety of different applications, modify one of the preconfigured database types, or create a customized database to meet your requirements. This section describes the following database configuration options: ■ Preconfigured Database Types ■ Installation Choices that Affect Database Creation ■ Creating a Database After Installation Preconfigured Database Types Oracle provides the following preconfigured database types that you can create or customize during the installation: ■ General Purpose/Transaction Processing ■ Data Warehouse See the online help provided by either Oracle Universal Installer or Oracle Database Configuration Assistant for a description of these preconfigured database types. Database Storage Options 1-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Installation Choices that Affect Database Creation Oracle Universal Installer runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in one of two modes, depending on the choices that you make during the installation: ■ Silent or response file mode If you choose either the Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition database edition, then choose to create a preconfigured database type. Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the minimum amount of information required to create a database of the type you choose. It then runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in silent or response file mode to create the database after it installs the software. Note: Oracle recommends that you use this method to create a database if you have not previously created one. ■ Interactive mode Install the database using Oracle Universal Installer and start Oracle Database Configuration Assistant from the Oracle home. Oracle Database Configuration Assistant runs in interactive mode. Using the screens in Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, you can either modify one of the preconfigured database types or customize the database. Note: If you use this method to create a database, then click Help on any of the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant screens for a description of the information that you must specify on that screen. Creating a Database After Installation If you did not create a database during the installation, then you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create a database after you install the software. For more information about using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to create a database after installation, see "Creating and Managing a Database with DBCA" in Oracle Database 2 Day DBA. Database Storage Options If you create a database during the installation, you can specify one of the following storage options for database files: ■ File System ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Note: Installing files on raw devices is no longer an option during installation. You must use a file system or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM). File System If you use the file system option, then Oracle Database Configuration Assistant creates the database files in a directory on a file system mounted on the computer. Oracle Database Storage Options Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-13 recommends that the file system be separate from the file systems used by the operating system or the Oracle software. The file system can be any of the following: ■ A file system on a disk that is physically attached to the system If you are creating a database on basic disks that are not logical volumes or RAID devices, then Oracle recommends that you follow the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) recommendations and distribute the database files over many disks. ■ A file system on a logical volume manager (LVM) volume or a RAID device If you are using multiple disks in an LVM or RAID configuration, then Oracle recommends that you use the stripe and mirror everything (SAME) methodology to increase performance and reliability. Using this methodology, you do not have to specify multiple file system mount points for the database storage. ■ A network file system (NFS) mounted from a certified network-attached storage (NAS) device. You also have the option to use the Direct NFS feature, which simplifies the administration of NFS configurations and also improves performance. See Also: "Direct NFS Client" on page 5-12 If the NAS device is certified by Oracle, then you can store the database files on them. If you use the Advanced database creation option, then you can also use the Oracle Managed Files feature with the new database. If you use this feature, then you must specify only the database object name instead of file names when creating or deleting database files. See Also: "Specifying Oracle Managed Files at Database Creation" in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide Oracle Automatic Storage Management Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) is a high-performance storage management solution. For Oracle Database files, it simplifies the management of a dynamic database environment, for example, creating and laying out databases and managing disk space. Oracle ASM can be used with single database installations, multiple database installations, and in Oracle RAC environments. It can be used with databases created in Oracle Database 10g Release 1 (10.1.0.3 or later). However, Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) databases must use Oracle ASM from Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) or later. Oracle ASM is installed as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. If you plan to use Oracle ASM, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. See Also: Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for more information about installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software Oracle ASM manages the storage of all database files, such as redo logs, control files, and data pump export files. Oracle ASM can manage the Oracle Database executable binary files and any other non-database files by creating a file system with Oracle Automatic Storage Database Storage Options 1-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide Management Cluster File System. Although Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System is cluster-aware, it also works as a file system on a single-instance database. See Also: "Introduction to Oracle ACFS" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System At a high level, implementing Oracle ASM involves allocating partitioned disks for Oracle Database with preferences for striping and mirroring. Oracle ASM manages the disk space for you. This helps avoid the need for traditional disk management tools, such as Logical Volume Managers (LVM), file systems, and the numerous commands necessary to manage both. The synchronization between Oracle ASM and the database instance is handled by CSS. The following are components of an Oracle ASM installation: ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instance Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups A disk group is a set of disk devices that Oracle ASM manages as a single unit. Each disk device can be an individual physical disk, a multiple disk device, such as a RAID storage array or logical volume, or a partition on a physical disk. In most cases, disk groups consist of one or more individual physical disks. To enable Oracle ASM to balance input/output operations and storage efficiently within the disk group, you must ensure that all devices in the disk group have similar, if not identical, storage capacity and performance. You can set the redundancy and striping attributes of individual file types within a disk group by using Oracle ASM disk group templates. When you create a disk group, Oracle ASM creates a set of default templates for that disk group. Default template settings depend on the disk group type. For example, the default template for control files for both normal and high redundancy disk groups is set to three-way mirroring. All other file templates are two-way mirrored. For a high redundancy disk group, the default mirroring cannot be changed, which implies that all files are always three-way mirrored in a high redundancy disk group. You can modify the default templates to suit your site’s needs. See Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information. Oracle ASM spreads data evenly across all the devices in the disk group to optimize performance and utilization. You can add or remove disk devices from a disk group without shutting down the database. When you add or remove disks, Oracle ASM rebalances the files across the disk group. You can create multiple disk groups to do specific tasks, such as backup and recovery operations, in addition to regular file storage activities. When you add a device to a disk group, you can specify a failure group for that device. Failure groups identify disk devices that have common failure characteristics, for example, devices that are attached to the same controller. If the controller fails, then all devices attached to it become unavailable. By default, each device also belongs to its own failure group. By using the failure groups you specify, Oracle ASM can distribute data among the devices in the disk group to minimize the risk of data loss caused by component failures. Database Management Options Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-15 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instance The Oracle ASM instance is a special Oracle instance that manages Oracle ASM disk groups. The Oracle ASM instance and the ASMSNMP account are created and started, if necessary, when you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure. Oracle Enterprise Manager uses this account to monitor Oracle ASM instances to retrieve data from Oracle ASM-related data dictionary views. The ASMSNMP account status is set to OPEN upon creation, and it is granted the SYSDBA privilege. Oracle recommends that you have the Oracle ASM instance in its own Oracle home. Oracle also recommends that you run this instance before you start a database instance that uses Oracle ASM. For an Oracle Database installation, you only need one Oracle ASM instance, regardless of the number of database instances on the computer. See Also: "Managing Oracle ASM Users with Oracle Enterprise Manager" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about the ASMSNMP user Database Management Options To simplify database administration, Oracle provides a Web-based management tool called Oracle Enterprise Manager. There are different ways to deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager: ■ Deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager centrally in the environment To deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager centrally, you must install at least one Oracle Management Repository and one Oracle Management Service within the environment, then install an Oracle Enterprise Management Agent on every computer to manage. You can then use a single HTML interface to manage and monitor software and hardware targets on all of those systems. Targets can include Oracle databases, application servers, net listeners, and third-party software. This single interface is called Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control (Grid Control). Note: ■ Oracle Enterprise Manager is available separately on the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media, and on the Oracle Technology Network Web site at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentatio n/index.html ■ For the latest certification information, see My Oracle Support note 412431.1, "Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Certification Checker" at: https://support.oracle.com/ ■ Deploy Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control locally on the database system Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control software is installed by default with every Oracle Database installation. This local installation provides a Web-based interface called Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. The Database Control is similar to the Grid Control, but it can manage only a single database. If Database Management Options 1-16 Oracle Database Installation Guide you want to administer multiple databases on a system, then you must either configure a separate Database Control for each database, or you must install Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control. See Also: Oracle Enterprise Manager Concepts manual and the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Basic Installation Guide on the Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media for more information about Oracle Enterprise Manager This section contains the following topics: ■ Management Options for Preconfigured Databases ■ Management Options for Custom Databases ■ Features Provided by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Management Options for Preconfigured Databases When you create a preconfigured database during the installation, you must select the Oracle Enterprise Manager interface to use to manage the database. The following options are available: ■ Use Grid Control for central database management This option is available only if an Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Agent is installed on the system. When Oracle Universal Installer detects an Oracle Management Agent on the system, you can choose this option and specify the Oracle Management Service to use to manage the database. If an Oracle Management Agent is not installed, then you must use Database Control to manage the database. However, if Oracle Management Agent is installed after Oracle Database, then you can use Grid Control to manage this database. ■ Use Database Control for local database management This option is selected by default if an Oracle Management Agent is not installed on the system. However, even if a Management Agent is installed, you can still configure Database Control to manage the database. Management Options for Custom Databases Install the database using Oracle Universal Installer and start Oracle Database Configuration Assistant from the Oracle home. Oracle Database Configuration Assistant runs in interactive mode. Using a screen in Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, you can specify the Oracle Enterprise Manager interface to use to manage the database. You can also choose not to configure the database with Oracle Enterprise Manager. Oracle recommends that you configure the database to use Oracle Enterprise Manager during installation. However, if you do not configure the database to use Oracle Enterprise Manager during the installation, then you can use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the installation to configure the database to use it. Features Provided by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control provides a Web-based user interface that enables you to monitor, administer, and maintain an Oracle database. You can use it to Database Backup and Recovery Options Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-17 perform all database administration tasks. You can also use it to determine information about the database, such as: ■ Instance name, database version, Oracle home location, media recovery options, and other instance data ■ Current instance availability ■ Database alert information ■ Session and SQL-related performance information ■ Space usage matrix In addition, it provides you with automatic notification of security alerts and the ability to download and apply patches for the software. Database Backup and Recovery Options If you use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control during the installation, then you can optionally enable automated database backups that use the Oracle-suggested default backup strategy. You do not have to enable automated backups during the installation. If you prefer, you can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control or Grid Control to configure automated backups after you install the software and create a database. This section contains the following topics: ■ Enabling Automated Backups ■ Backup Job Default Settings See Also: ■ Oracle Database 2 Day DBA for information about using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to configure or customize automated backups or to recover a backed up database ■ Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more detailed information about defining a backup strategy and backing up and recovering Oracle databases Enabling Automated Backups If you enable automated backups, then Oracle Enterprise Manager schedules a daily backup job that uses Oracle Recovery Manager (RMAN) to back up all of the database files to a disk storage area called the fast recovery area. The first time the backup job runs, it creates a full backup of the database. Subsequent backup jobs perform incremental backups, which enable you to recover the database to its state at any point during the preceding 24 hours. To enable automated backup jobs during installation, you must specify the following information: ■ The location of the fast recovery area You can use either a file system directory or an Oracle ASM disk group for the fast recovery area. To set the default values for fast recovery area and data file location, use Oracle base as the starting point. See "Oracle Base Directory" for more information on Oracle base. – Default fast recovery area: $ORACLE_BASE/recovery_area E-mail Notification Options 1-18 Oracle Database Installation Guide – Default data file location: $ORACLE_BASE/oradata The default disk quota configured for the fast recovery area is 2 GB. For Oracle ASM disk groups, the required disk space depends on the redundancy level of the disk group that you choose. Chapter 2 describes how to choose the location of the fast recovery area and identifies its disk space requirements. ■ An operating system user name and password for the backup job Oracle Enterprise Manager uses the operating system credentials that you specify when running the backup job. The user name that you specify must belong to the UNIX group that identifies database administrators (the ORA_DBA group). This user also must have Logon As A Batch Job privilege. Backup Job Default Settings If you enable automated backups after choosing a preconfigured database during the installation, then automated backup is configured with the following default settings: ■ The backup job is scheduled to run every morning at 2.00 a.m. ■ The disk quota for the fast recovery area is 2 GB. If you enable automated backups by using Oracle Database Configuration Assistant, either during or after the installation, then you can specify a different start time for the backup job and a different disk quota for the fast recovery area. E-mail Notification Options During the installation, if you choose the option to use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control for database management, then you can also configure Oracle Enterprise Manager to automatically send you an email when specific events occur. These events can include occurrences such as the disk space reaching a critical limit (a threshold) or a database shutting down unexpectedly. If you enable email notifications, then you must specify the following information: ■ The host name of a Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) server ■ The email address that should receive the alerts The email address that you specify could belong to an individual, or a shared email account, or a distribution list. You can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to set up, change, or customize email notifications after you create the database. Note: The Enable Email Notifications option is not available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). Migration Consideration Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) database for 32-bit Linux can be migrated to an Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) database for 64-bit Linux. See "Database Migration from a 32-Bit Linux to 64-Bit Linux Computer" section in the Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems for migration information. Upgrade Considerations Overview of Oracle Database Installation 1-19 Upgrade Considerations For information about upgrading an earlier release of Oracle Database to Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), see Oracle Database Upgrade Guide. The following sections provide additional platform-specific upgrade information that you must review before upgrading an existing database: ■ Upgrading an Oracle Database Installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 ■ Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure ■ Daylight Saving Time Upgrade ■ Upgrading an Oracle Database in the Same Oracle Home Upgrading an Oracle Database Installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 If you have Oracle Database installed on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1, then you must first upgrade the operating system to Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 (update 7) before you upgrade the database. To upgrade the operating system, perform one of the following procedures: ■ Upgrade the operating system. Then, upgrade the database either manually or by using Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant. ■ Copy the database files: 1. Copy the database files from the computer running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 2.1 to the one running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4. 2. Re-create the control files on the computer running Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4. 3. Manually upgrade the database. Note: You cannot use Oracle Database Upgrade Assistant if you use this method. However, this method lets you easily revert to the earlier database. ■ You can also upgrade the database by using the Export/Import utilities. See Also: The table on "Supported Upgrade Paths for Upgrading Oracle Database" in Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for information about upgrading your current database release Oracle ASM Installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure In previous releases, Oracle ASM was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster or for a standalone server. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation. See Also: ■ Oracle Database Upgrade Guide ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Upgrade Considerations 1-20 Oracle Database Installation Guide Daylight Saving Time Upgrade See "Daylight Saving Time Upgrade of Timestamp with Timezone Data Type" for information about Daylight Saving Time Upgrade. Upgrading an Oracle Database in the Same Oracle Home See the Oracle Database Upgrade Guide for more information about performing an in-place Oracle Database upgrade. 2 Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-1 2Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements This chapter describes the tasks that you must complete before you start Oracle Universal Installer (OUI). It includes information about the following tasks: Note: ■ This guide contains information required to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). Ensure that you review information related to the platform on which you intend to install Oracle Database 11g. ■ To use Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) or Oracle Restart, you must first install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart. ■ Logging In to the System as root ■ Checking the Hardware Requirements ■ Checking the Software Requirements ■ Installation Fixup Scripts ■ Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters ■ Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux ■ Checking the Network Setup ■ Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users ■ Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users ■ Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux ■ Identifying Required Software Directories ■ Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory ■ Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files ■ Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files ■ Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices ■ Configuring Disk Devices for Oracle Database ■ Stopping Existing Oracle Processes Logging In to the System as root 2-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Configuring the oracle User’s Environment See Also: ■ "Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation" ■ "Preinstallation Requirements" section in Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide and Oracle Configuration Manager Prerequisites ■ Appendix A, "Country Codes", in Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for a list of valid country codes that can be used while installing Oracle Configuration Manager Logging In to the System as root Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures: Note: Unless you intend to complete a silent-mode installation, you must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, a PC, or other system with X server software installed. For more information about silent-mode installations, see Appendix A. ■ To install the software from an X Window System workstation or X terminal: 1. Start a local terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm). 2. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter the following command to enable the remote host to display X applications on the local X server: $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name For example: $ xhost somehost.us.example.com 3. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then use the ssh, rlogin, or telnet command to connect to the system where you want to install the software: $ telnet fully_qualified_remote_host_name 4. If you are not logged in as the root user, then enter the following command to switch the user to root: $ sudo sh password: # ■ To install the software from a PC or other system with X server software: Note: If necessary, see the X server documentation, or contact your X server vendor or system administrator for more information about completing this procedure. Depending on the X server software that you are using, you may have to complete the tasks in a different order. Checking the Hardware Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-3 1. Start the X server software. 2. Configure the security settings of the X server software to permit remote hosts to display X applications on the local system. 3. Connect to the remote system where you want to install the software and start a terminal session on that system, for example, an X terminal (xterm). 4. If you are not logged in as the root user on the remote system, then enter the following command to switch the user to root: $ sudo sh password: # Checking the Hardware Requirements The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements: ■ Memory Requirements ■ System Architecture ■ Disk Space Requirements ■ Display Requirements Memory Requirements The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2. Minimum: 1 GB of RAM Recommended: 2 GB of RAM or more ■ To determine the RAM size, enter the following command: # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing. ■ The following table describes the relationship between the installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation: Note: On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space. RAM Swap Space Between 1 GB and 2 GB 1.5 times the size of the RAM Between 2 GB and 16 GB Equal to the size of the RAM More than 16 GB 16 GB Checking the Hardware Requirements 2-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing. To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command: # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo If necessary, see the operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space. To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command: # free IMPORTANT: ■ Oracle recommends that you take multiple values for the available RAM and swap space before finalizing a value. This is because the available RAM and swap space keep changing depending on the user interactions with the computer. ■ Contact your operating system vendor for swap space allocation guidance for your server. The vendor guidelines supersede the swap space requirements listed in this guide. Automatic Memory Management Starting with Oracle Database 11g, the Automatic Memory Management feature requires more shared memory (/dev/shm)and file descriptors. The size of the shared memory must be at least the greater of the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters for each Oracle instance on the computer. If the MEMORY_MAX_TARGET parameter or the MEMORY_TARGET parameter is set to a nonzero value, and an incorrect size is assigned to the shared memory, it results in an ORA-00845 error at startup. On Linux systems, if the operating system /dev/shm mount size is too small for the Oracle system global area (SGA) and program global area (PGA), it results in an ORA-00845 error. The number of file descriptors for each Oracle instance must be at least 512*PROCESSES. The limit of descriptors for each process must be at least 512. If file descriptors are not sized correctly, you see an ORA-27123 error from various Oracle processes and potentially Linux Error EMFILE (Too many open files)in non-Oracle processes. To determine the amount of shared memory available, enter the following command: # df -h /dev/shm/ Note: The MEMORY_MAX_TARGET and MEMORY_TARGET parameters cannot be used when the LOCK_SGA parameter is enabled, or with HugePages on Linux. Checking the Hardware Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-5 On the Initialization Parameters page, note the Memory Size (SGA and PGA), which sets the initialization parameter MEMORY_TARGET or MEMORY_MAX_TARGET. The initialization parameters cannot be greater than the shared memory file system on the operating system. For example, if the shared memory file system allocation on your system is 1 GB, but you set Memory Size (MEMORY_TARGET) to 2 GB, then the following error messages are displayed during database startup: ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system ORA-01078: Failure in processing system parameters In addition, if you click All Initialization Parameters and the global database name is longer than eight characters, then the database name value (in the DB_NAME parameter) is truncated to the first eight characters, and the DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter value is set to the global name. The workaround, if you encounter the ORA-00845 error, is to increase the /dev/shm mountpoint size. For example: # mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=7g /dev/shm To make this change persistent across system restarts, add an entry in /etc/fstab similar to the following: shmfs /dev/shm tmpfs size=7g 0 System Architecture To determine if the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command: # uname -m Verify that the processor architecture matches the Oracle software release to install. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system. Disk Space Requirements The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): ■ 1 GB of space in the /tmp directory To determine the amount of space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command: # df -h /tmp If the free space available in the /tmp directory is less than what is required, then complete one of the following steps: ■ Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement. Checking the Hardware Requirements 2-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user’s environment. See Also: "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 for more information about setting TMP and TMPDIR ■ Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact the system administrator for information about extending file systems. ■ The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86: Installation Type Requirement for Software Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 3.95 Standard Edition 3.88 Installation Type Disk Space for Data Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 1.7 Standard Edition 1.5 ■ The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on Linux x86-64: Installation Type Requirement for Software Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 4.35 Standard Edition 4.22 Installation Type Disk Space for Data Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 1.7 Standard Edition 1.5 ■ The following tables describe the disk space requirements for software files and data files for each installation type on IBM: Linux on System z: Installation Type Requirement for Software Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 4.9 Standard Edition 4.5 Installation Type Disk Space for Data Files (GB) Enterprise Edition 2.0 Standard Edition 1.5 To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command: Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-7 # df -h Additional disk space, either on a file system or on an Oracle ASM disk group is required for the fast recovery area if you configure automated backups. Display Requirements The minimum resolution for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) is 1024 x 768 or higher. Checking the Software Requirements Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following software is installed on your system: ■ Operating System Requirements ■ Kernel Requirements ■ Package Requirements ■ Compiler Requirements ■ Additional Software Requirements Note: ■ This guide contains information required to install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2). Ensure that you review information related to the platform on which you intend to install Oracle Database 11g. ■ Oracle Universal Installer performs checks on the system to verify that it meets the listed requirements. To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start Oracle Universal Installer. Operating System Requirements The following operating system versions (or later) are required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): ■ On Linux x86 – Asianux Server 3 SP2 – Oracle Linux 4 Update 7 – Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7 – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 ■ On Linux x86-64 – Asianux Server 3 SP2 – Oracle Linux 4 Update 7 Checking the Software Requirements 2-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide – Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 – Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 (with the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux) – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7 – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 (with the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux) – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP2 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 ■ On IBM: Linux on System z – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 8 – Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 4 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 – SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1 Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) feature is supported for Oracle Linux 4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. Note: For Asianux Server, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux, the system requirements are identical by kernel version, specifically: ■ Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 requirements are the same. ■ Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 requirements are the same. ■ Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 5 Update 5 (2.6.32) and above, available for x86-64 systems, contains several additional features and performance enhancements not available either with Oracle Linux or with other supported Linux distributions. This kernel can be installed on either Oracle Linux or Red Hat Enterprise Linux distributions. Before installing the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, you must have Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 or Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 installed on an x86-64 server. To determine the distribution and version of Linux installed, enter the following command: # cat /proc/version You can also enter the following command on some distributions of Linux: # lsb_release -id Note: Only the distributions and versions listed in the previous list are supported. Do not install the software on other versions of Linux. See Also: "Hardware and Software Certification" on page 1-7 for information about how to access the latest system requirements Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-9 Kernel Requirements The following are the kernel requirements for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): For Linux x86 ■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 2.6.9 or later ■ On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2.6.18 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 2.6.16.21 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11: 2.6.27.19 or later For Linux x86-64 ■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 2.6.9 or later ■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 2 2.6.18 or later (compatible with Red Hat Enterprise kernel) ■ On Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 2.6.32-100.0.19 or later See "About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux" on page 1-4 ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 5 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux 2.6.32 or later See "About Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux" on page 1-4 ■ On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5 Update 2, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2 2.6.18 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 2.6.16.21 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 2.6.27.19 or later Checking the Software Requirements 2-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide For IBM: Linux on System z ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 2.6.9 or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2.6.18 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 2.6.16.60 or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 2.6.32.12 or later To determine if the required kernel is installed, enter the following command: # uname -r The following is a sample output displayed by running this command on an Oracle Linux 5 system: 2.6.18-128.el5PAE In this example, the output shows the kernel version (2.6.18) and errata level (-128.el5PAE) on the system. If the kernel version does not meet the requirement, then contact the operating system vendor for information about obtaining and installing kernel updates. Package Requirements The following are the list of packages required for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): ■ Linux x86 - Oracle Database Package Requirements ■ Linux x86-64 - Oracle Database Package Requirements ■ IBM: Linux on System z - Oracle Database Package Requirements Note: ■ Oracle recommends that you install your Linux operating system with the default software packages (RPMs), unless you specifically intend to perform a minimal installation and follow the directions for performing such an installation to ensure that you have all required packages for Oracle software. ■ Oracle recommends that you do not customize RPMs during a default operating system installation. A default installation includes most required packages and helps you to limit manual verification of package dependencies. ■ If you did not perform a default Linux installation, you intend to use LDAP, and you want to use the scripts odisrvreg, oidca, or schemasync, then install the Korn shell RPM for the Linux distribution. ■ You must install the packages (or later versions) listed in the following table, and ensure that the list of RPMs and all of the prerequisites for these RPMs are installed. Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-11 Linux x86 - Oracle Database Package Requirements Operating System Requirement Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.15.92.0.2 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 elfutils-libelf-0.97 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97 gcc-3.4.6 gcc-c++-3.4.6 glibc-2.3.4-2.41 glibc-common-2.3.4 glibc-devel-2.3.4 glibc-headers-2.3.4 libaio-devel-0.3.105 libaio-0.3.105 libgcc-3.4.6 libstdc++-3.4.6 libstdc++-devel-3.4.6 make-3.80 numactl-0.6.4.i386 pdksh-5.2.14 sysstat-5.0.5 Checking the Software Requirements 2-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-headers-2.5 kernel-headers-2.6.18 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 libgcc-4.1.2 libgomp-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.16.91.0.5 compat-libstdc++-5.0.7 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.4-31.63 glibc-devel-2.4-31.63 ksh-93r-12.9 libaio-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libelf-0.8.5 libgcc-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.80 sysstat-8.0.4 Operating System Requirement Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-13 Linux x86-64 - Oracle Database Package Requirements IMPORTANT: ■ Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), all the 32-bit packages, except for gcc-32bit-4.3, listed in the following table are no longer required for installing a database on Linux x86-64. Only the 64-bit packages are required. However, for any Oracle Database 11g release before 11.2.0.2, both the 32-bit and 64-bit packages listed in the following table are required. ■ If you are using Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel, then all required kernel packages are installed as part of the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel installation. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.19 gcc-4.3 gcc-c++-4.3 glibc-2.9 glibc-devel-2.9 ksh-93t libstdc++33-3.3.3 libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022 libaio-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++-devel-4.3 make-3.81 sysstat-8.1.5 Note: ■ The kernel-headers-2.6.18 package is not mandatory for database installations on Linux x86. You can ignore the OUI or CVU warning to install this package. ■ The numa package link for Linux x86 is /usr/lib. Operating System Requirement Checking the Software Requirements 2-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide Operating System Requirement Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.15.92.0.2 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) elfutils-libelf-0.97 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.97 expat-1.95.7 gcc-3.4.6 gcc-c++-3.4.6 glibc-2.3.4-2.41 glibc-2.3.4-2.41 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.3.4 glibc-devel-2.3.4 glibc-headers-2.3.4 libaio-0.3.105 libaio-0.3.105 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.105 libaio-devel-0.3.105 (32 bit) libgcc-3.4.6 libgcc-3.4.6 (32-bit) libstdc++-3.4.6 libstdc++-3.4.6 (32 bit) libstdc++-devel 3.4.6 make-3.80 numactl-0.6.4.x86_64 pdksh-5.2.14 sysstat-5.0.5 Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-15 Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit) glibc-headers-2.5 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit) libgcc-4.1.2 libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-devel 4.1.2 make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.16.91.0.5 compat-libstdc++-5.0.7 gcc-4.1.0 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.4-31.63 glibc-devel-2.4-31.63 glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.63 ksh-93r-12.9 libaio-0.3.104 libaio-32bit-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104 libelf-0.8.5 libgcc-4.1.2 libstdc++-4.1.2 libstdc++-devel-4.1.2 make-3.80 numactl-0.9.6.x86_64 sysstat-8.0.4 Operating System Requirement Checking the Software Requirements 2-16 Oracle Database Installation Guide SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.19 gcc-4.3 gcc-32bit-4.3 gcc-c++-4.3 glibc-2.9 glibc-32bit-2.9 glibc-devel-2.9 glibc-devel-32bit-2.9 ksh-93t libaio-0.3.104 libaio-32bit-0.3.104 libaio-devel-0.3.104 libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104 libstdc++33-3.3.3 libstdc++33-32bit-3.3.3 libstdc++43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-devel-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.3_20081022 libgcc43-4.3.3_20081022 libstdc++-devel-4.3 make-3.81 sysstat-8.1.5 Note: The numa package link for Linux x86-64 is /usr/lib64/. Operating System Requirement Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-17 IBM: Linux on System z - Oracle Database Package Requirements Operating System Requirement Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.15.92.0.2-25 (s390x) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3 (s390) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-47.3 (s390x) gcc-3.4.6-11 (s390x) gcc-c++-3.4.6-11 (s390x) glibc-2.3.4-2.43 (s390) glibc-2.3.4-2.43 (s390x) glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43 (s390) glibc-devel-2.3.4-2.43 (s390x) libaio-0.3.105-2 (s390) libaio-0.3.105-2 (s390x) libaio-devel-0.3.105-2 (s390) libaio-devel-0.3.105-2 (s390x) libgcc-3.4.6-11 (s390) libgcc-3.4.6-11 (s390x) libstdc++-3.4.6-10.0.1 libstdc++-3.4.6-10.0.1 (32-bit) libstdc++-devel-3.4.6-10.0.1 libstdc++-devel-3.4.6-10.0.1 (x86_64) make-3.80 pdksh sysstat-5.0.5-25.el4 (s390x) Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5 (s390x) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (s390) compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61 (s390x) gcc-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390x) gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390x) glibc-2.5-42(s390) glibc-2.5-42 (s390x) glibc-devel-2.5-42 (s390) glibc-devel-2.5-42 (s390x) ksh libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (s390) libaio-0.3.106-3.2 (s390x) libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2 (s390) libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2 (s390x) libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390) libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390x) libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390) libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390x) libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-46.el5 (s390x) make-3.81 sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5 (s390x) Checking the Software Requirements 2-18 Oracle Database Installation Guide See "Oracle ODBC Drivers" on page 2-19 for information on ODBC packages. To determine if the required packages are installed, enter commands similar to the following: # rpm -q package_name If a package is not installed, then install it from the Linux distribution media or download the required package version from the Linux vendor’s Web site. Compiler Requirements For Linux x86 and Linux x86-64, Intel C++ Compiler 10.1 or later and the version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed under "Package Requirements" on page 2-10 are supported with Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, and Oracle XML Developer’s Kit (XDK) for Oracle Database 11g Release 2. SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-32bit-2.16.91.0.5-23.34.33 (s390x) gcc-4.1.2_20070115-0.29.6 (s390x) gcc-c++-4.1.2_20070115-0.29.6 (s390x) glibc-2.4-31.74.1 (s390x) glibc-32bit-2.4-31.74.1 (s390x) glibc-devel-2.4-31.74.1 (s390x) glibc-devel-32bit-2.4-31.74.1 (s390x) ksh libaio-0.3.104-14.2 (s390x) libaio-32bit-0.3.104-14.2 (s390x) libaio-devel-0.3.104-14.2 (s390x) libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.104-14.2 (s390x) libstdc++-4.1.2_20070115-0.29.6 (s390x) libstdc++-devel-4.1.2_20070115-0.29.6 (s390x) make-3.80-202.2 (s390x) sysstat-8.0.4-1.7.27 (s390x) SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: binutils-2.20.0-0.7.9 (s390x) gcc-4.3-62.198 (s390x) gcc-c++-4.3-62.198 (s390x) glibc-2.11.1-0.17.4 (s390x) glibc-32bit-2.11.1-0.17.4 (s390x) glibc-devel-2.11.1-0.17.4 (s390x) glibc-devel-32bit-2.11.1-0.17.4 (s390x) ksh libaio-0.3.109-0.1.46 (s390x) libaio-32bit-0.3.109-0.1.46 (s390x) libaio-devel-0.3.109-0.1.46 (s390x) libaio-devel-32bit-0.3.109-0.1.46 (s390x) libstdc++43-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35 (s390x) libstdc++43-32bit-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35 (s390x) libstdc++43-devel-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35 (s390x) libstdc++43-devel-32bit-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35 (s390x) libgcc43-4.3.4_20091019-0.7.35 (s390x) make-3.81 sysstat-8.1.5-7.9.56 (s390x) Operating System Requirement Note: On Linux x86 and Linux x86-64, Intel C++ Compiler 10.1 can be used only with the standard template libraries of the gcc versions mentioned in "Package Requirements" on page 2-10 to build Oracle C++ Call Interface (OCCI) applications. Oracle XML Developer's Kit is supported with the same compilers as OCCI. Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-19 For IBM: Linux on System z the version of GNU C and C++ compilers listed under "Package Requirements" on page 2-10 are supported for Oracle Database 11g Release 2. Additional Software Requirements Depending on the components you want to use, you must ensure that the following software is installed: ■ Oracle ODBC Drivers ■ Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers ■ Linux-PAM Library ■ Oracle Messaging Gateway ■ Programming Languages ■ Browser Requirements ■ Oracle Database Vault Preinstallation Requirement See Also: Chapter 2, "Oracle Application Express Installation Requirements" and "Recommended Pre-installation Tasks" in Oracle Application Express Installation Guide Oracle ODBC Drivers If you intend to use ODBC, then install the most recent ODBC Driver Manager for Linux. Download and install the ODBC Driver Manager and Linux RPMs from the following Web site: http://www.unixodbc.org To use ODBC on Linux x86, the following additional 32-bit ODBC RPMs are required: ■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later ■ On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10: unixODBC-32bit-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-32bit-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11: unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12 (32-bit) or later unixODBC-devel-32bit-2.2.12 (32 bit) or later Checking the Software Requirements 2-20 Oracle Database Installation Guide To use ODBC on Linux x86-64, the following additional ODBC RPMs are required: ■ On Oracle Linux 4 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit ) or later ■ On Asianux Server 3, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10: unixODBC-32bit-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit ) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11: unixODBC-2.2.12 or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.12 or later unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12 (32 bit) or later To use ODBC on IBM: Linux on System z, the following additional ODBC RPMs are required: ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit ) or later ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5: unixODBC-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10: unixODBC-32bit-2.2.11 (32 bit) or later unixODBC-2.2.11 (64 bit ) or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.11 (64 bit) or later ■ On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11: unixODBC-2.2.12 or later unixODBC-devel-2.2.12 or later unixODBC-32bit-2.2.12 (32 bit) or later Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers For Linux x86 and Linux x86-64 Use JDK 6 (Java SE Development Kit 1.6.0_21) or JDK 5 (1.5.0_24) with the JNDI extension with the Oracle Java Database Connectivity and Oracle Call Interface drivers. However, these are not mandatory for the database installation. JDK 1.5 is installed with this release. Checking the Software Requirements Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-21 For IBM: Linux on System z Use JDK 6 (Java SE Development Kit 1.6.0.20.8 FP1 or higher) or JDK 5 (1.5.0.12.1 or higher). Linux-PAM Library Install the latest Linux-PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules for Linux) library to enable the system administrator to choose how applications authenticate users. Oracle Messaging Gateway Oracle Messaging Gateway supports the integration of Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing (AQ) with the following software: ■ IBM WebSphere MQ V6.0, client and server, with corrective service diskette 5 (CSD05) or later: MQSeriesClient MQSeriesServer MQSeriesRuntime ■ TIBCO Rendezvous 7.3 Programming Languages The following products are certified for use with: ■ Pro* COBOL – Micro Focus Server Express 5.1 Browser Requirements Web browsers must support JavaScript, and the HTML 4.0 and CSS 1.0 standards. The following browsers meet these requirements for Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control: ■ Netscape Navigator 8.1 ■ Netscape Navigator 9.0 ■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 SP2 ■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 7.0 SP1 ■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 8.0 ■ Microsoft Internet Explorer 9.0 ■ Firefox 2.0 ■ Firefox 3.0.7 ■ Firefox 3.5 ■ Firefox 3.6 ■ Safari 3.1 ■ Safari 3.2 ■ Safari 4.0.x ■ Google Chrome 3.0 ■ Google Chrome 4.0 Installation Fixup Scripts 2-22 Oracle Database Installation Guide Oracle Database Vault Preinstallation Requirement To install Oracle Database Vault, set the DB_BLOCK_SIZE initialization parameter to 4096 or larger. If the value is less than 4096, then you cannot change it. The only way to change the DB_BLOCK_SIZE value is by re-creating the database. See Also: "Specifying Database Block Sizes" in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide Installation Fixup Scripts During installation, for certain prerequisite verification failures, click Fix & Check Again to generate a fixup script (runfixup.sh). You can run this script as the root user to complete the required preinstallation steps. The fixup script: ■ Checks for and sets kernel parameters to values required for successful installation, including: – Shared memory parameters – Open file descriptor and UDP send/receive parameters Oracle recommends that you do not modify the contents of the generated fixup script. Note: Using fixup scripts does not ensure that all the prerequisites for installing Oracle Database are met. You must still verify that all the preinstallation requirements are met to ensure a successful installation. Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters Set TCP/IP ephemeral port range parameters to provide enough ephemeral ports for the anticipated server workload. Ensure that the lower range is set to at least 9000 or higher, to avoid Well Known ports, and to avoid ports in the Registered Ports range commonly used by Oracle and other server ports. Set the port range high enough to avoid reserved ports for any applications you may intend to use. If the lower value of the range you have is greater than 9000, and the range is large enough for your anticipated workload, then you can ignore OUI warnings regarding the ephemeral port range. For example, with IPv4, use the following command to check your current range for ephemeral ports: $ cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range 32768 61000 In the preceding example, the lowest port (32768) and the highest port (61000) are set to the default range. If necessary, update the UDP and TCP ephemeral port range to a range high enough for anticipated system workloads, and to ensure that the ephemeral port range starts at 9000 and above. For example: # echo 9000 65500 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range Oracle recommends that you make these settings permanent. For example, as root, use a text editor to open /etc/sysctl.conf, and add or change to the following: Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-23 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500, and then restart the network (# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart). Refer to your Linux distribution system administration documentation for detailed information about how to automate this ephemeral port range alteration on system restarts. See Also: "Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux" on page 2-33 Installing the cvuqdisk Package for Linux Install the operating system package cvuqdisk. Without cvuqdisk, the Cluster Verification Utility (CVU) cannot find shared disks, and you receive a "Package cvuqdisk not installed" error when you run the Cluster Verification Utility. Use the cvuqdisk RPM for your hardware (for example, x86_64, or i386). To install the cvuqdisk RPM, complete the following procedure: Note: If you prefer, you can disable Cluster Verification Utility shared disk checks by adding the following line to the file oracle_ home1/cv/admin/cvu_config: CV_RAW_CHECK_ENABLED=FALSE In this example, oracle_home1 is the Oracle home directory where the database is installed. 1. Locate the cvuqdisk RPM package, which is in the directory rpm on the installation media. If you installed Oracle Grid Infrastructure, then it is in the directory oracle_home1/cv/rpm. 2. Log in as root. 3. Use the following command to find if you have an existing version of the cvuqdisk package: # rpm -qi cvuqdisk If you have an existing version, then enter the following command to deinstall the existing version: # rpm -e cvuqdisk 4. Set the environment variable CVUQDISK_GRP to point to the group that owns cvuqdisk, typically oinstall, for example: # CVUQDISK_GRP=oinstall; export CVUQDISK_GRP 5. In the directory where you have saved the cvuqdisk RPM, use the following command to install the cvuqdisk package: rpm -iv package For example: # rpm -iv cvuqdisk-1.0.9-1.rpm Checking the Network Setup 2-24 Oracle Database Installation Guide Checking the Network Setup Typically, the computer on which you want to install Oracle Database is connected to the network. The computer has local storage to store the Oracle Database installation. It also contains a display monitor and DVD drive. This section describes how to install Oracle Database on computers that do not meet the typical scenario. It describes the following cases: ■ Installing on DHCP Computers ■ Installing on Multihomed Computers ■ Installing on Computers with Multiple Aliases ■ Installing on Non-Networked Computers Installing on DHCP Computers Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) assigns dynamic IP addresses on a network. Dynamic addressing enables a computer to have a different IP address each time it connects to the network. In some cases, the IP address can change while the computer is still connected. You can have a mixture of static and dynamic IP addressing in a DHCP system. In a DHCP setup, the software tracks IP addresses, which simplifies network administration. This lets you add a new computer to the network without having to manually assign a unique IP address to the newly added computer. Installing on Multihomed Computers You can install Oracle Database on a multihomed computer. A multihomed computer is associated with multiple IP addresses. This is typically achieved by having multiple network cards on the computer. Each IP address is associated with a host name. In addition, you can set up aliases for the host name. By default, Oracle Universal Installer uses the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable setting to find the host name. If ORACLE_HOSTNAME is not set and you are installing on a computer that has multiple network cards, then Oracle Universal Installer determines the host name from the /etc/hosts file. Clients must be able to access the computer either by using this host name or by using aliases for this host name. To verify, ping the host name from the client computers using the short name (host name only) and the full name (host name and domain name). Both tests must be successful. Setting the ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable Use the following procedure to set the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable. For example, if the fully qualified host name is somehost.us.example.com, then enter one of the following commands: In Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=somehost.us.example.com $ export ORACLE_HOSTNAME In C shell: % setenv ORACLE_HOSTNAME somehost.us.example.com Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-25 Installing on Computers with Multiple Aliases A computer with multiple aliases is registered with the naming service under a single IP but with multiple aliases. The naming service resolves any of those aliases to the same computer. Before installing Oracle Database on such a computer, set the ORACLE_ HOSTNAME environment variable to the computer whose host name you want to use. Installing on Non-Networked Computers You can install Oracle Database on a non-networked computer. If the computer, such as a laptop, is configured for DHCP and you plan to connect the computer to the network after the Oracle Database installation, then use the ping command on the computer on which you want to install the database to check if the computer can connect to itself. Perform this step by first using only the host name and then using the fully qualified name, which should be in the /etc/hosts file. Note: When you run the ping command on the computer itself, the ping command should return the IP address of the computer. If the ping command fails, then contact the system administrator. Connecting the Computer to the Network after Installation If you connect the computer to a network after installation, then the Oracle Database instance on the computer can work with other instances on the network. The computer can use a static IP or DHCP, depending on the network to which you are connected. Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users Depending on if this is the first time Oracle software is being installed on this system and on the products that you are installing, you may have to create several operating system groups and users. If you prefer to allocate operating system user privileges so that you can use one administrative user and one group for operating system authentication for all administrative privileges, then you can use the oracle user as the installation owner, and use one group as the primary group for any user requiring administrative privileges for Oracle ASM, and Oracle Database administration. This group must also be the Oracle Inventory group. To simplify using the defaults for Oracle tools the group name should be oinstall. You can also create custom configuration groups and users based on job role separation. A custom configuration is a configuration with groups and users that divide access privileges granted by membership in separate operating system groups and users. You can create a single user (for example, oracle) to own both Oracle Database, and Oracle Grid Infrastructure installations. Alternatively, you can create a separate user (for example, grid) to own the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. The Oracle Database, and the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation owner users must belong to the Oracle Inventory group (oinstall). ■ Creating Custom Configuration Groups and Users for Job Roles ■ Creating Database Operating System Groups and Users with Job Role Separation Note: In Oracle documentation, a user created to own only Oracle Grid Infrastructure software installations is called the grid user. A user created to own either all Oracle installations, or only Oracle database installations, is called the oracle user. Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users 2-26 Oracle Database Installation Guide Creating Custom Configuration Groups and Users for Job Roles This section provides an overview of how to create users and groups to divide access privileges by job roles. Log in as root to create these groups and users. ■ Understanding Restrictions for Oracle Installations with Job Role Separation ■ Database Groups for Job Role Installations ■ Oracle Grid Infrastructure Groups for Job Role Installations Understanding Restrictions for Oracle Installations with Job Role Separation Oracle recommends that you create one software owner to own each Oracle software installation (typically, oracle, for the database software and grid for the Oracle Restart owner user). You must create at least one software owner the first time you install Oracle software on the system. To create separate Oracle software owners, to create separate users, and separate operating system privileges groups for different Oracle software installations, each of these users must have the Oracle central inventory group (oraInventory group) as their primary group. Members of this group have write privileges to the Oracle central inventory (oraInventory) directory, and and are also granted permissions for various Oracle Restart resources and directories in the Oracle Restart home to which DBAs need write access, and other necessary privileges. In Oracle documentation, this group is represented as oinstall in code examples. See "Creating the Oracle Inventory Group" on page 2-28. The database software owner (typically, oracle) must also have the OSDBA group of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home so that database instances can log on to Oracle ASM, and (if you create it) the OSOPER group as secondary groups. In Oracle documentation, the Oracle software owner users are referred to as oracle users. The Oracle Database, and the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation owner users (oracle and grid respectively) must belong to the Oracle Inventory group (oinstall). Each Oracle software owner must be a member of the same central inventory group. You cannot have more than one central inventory for Oracle installations. If an Oracle software owner has a different central inventory group, then you may corrupt the central inventory. For Oracle Grid Infrastructure only, the grid user (grid) must be in the OSDBA group of every database home. See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about the OSDBA, OSASM and OSOPER groups, and the SYSDBA, SYSASM and SYSOPER privileges Database Groups for Job Role Installations Create the following operating system groups if you are installing Oracle Database: ■ The OSDBA group (typically, dba) Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-27 You must create this group the first time you install Oracle Database software on the system. This group identifies operating system user accounts that have database administrative privileges (the SYSDBA privilege). The name used for this group in Oracle code examples is dba. ■ The OSOPER group for Oracle Database (typically, oper) This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of database administrative privileges (the SYSOPER privilege). This group cannot directly connect as SYSOPER, unless explicitly granted. However, they have the privileges granted by the SYSOPER privilege. By default, members of the OSDBA group have all privileges granted by the SYSOPER privilege. Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to specify the name of this group. The usual name chosen for this group is oper. Oracle Grid Infrastructure Groups for Job Role Installations Create the following operating system groups if you are installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure: Note: You can designate a unique group, separate from database administrator groups, or you can use the same group as the OSASM and OSDBA groups, to grant system privileges to administer both the Oracle ASM instances and Oracle Database instances. ■ The OSDBA group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmdba) The OSDBA group for Oracle ASM can be the same group used as the OSDBA group for the database, or you can create a separate OSDBA group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmdba) to provide administrative access to Oracle ASM instances. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner (typically, grid) must be a member of the OSDBA group. Membership in the OSDBA group enables access to the files managed by Oracle ASM. If you have a separate OSDBA group for Oracle ASM, then the Oracle Restart software owner must be a member of the OSDBA group for each database and the OSDBA group for Oracle ASM. ■ The OSASM group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmadmin) SYSASM privileges for Oracle ASM files provide administrator privileges for storage file. In Oracle documentation, the operating system group whose members are granted SYSASM privileges is called the OSASM group, and in command lines, is referred to as asmadmin. Oracle ASM can support multiple databases. Members of the OSASM group can use SQL to connect to an Oracle ASM instance as SYSASM using operating system authentication. The SYSASM privileges permit mounting and dismounting of disk groups, and other storage administration tasks. SYSASM privileges provide no access privileges on an RDBMS instance. If you do not designate a separate group as the OSASM group, then the OSDBA group you define is also, by default, the OSASM group. ■ The OSOPER group for Oracle ASM (typically, asmoper) This is an optional group. Create this group if you want a separate group of operating system users to have a limited set of Oracle instance administrative privileges (the SYSOPER for ASM privilege), including starting up and stopping the Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users 2-28 Oracle Database Installation Guide Oracle ASM instance. By default, members of the OSASM group also have all privileges granted by the SYSOPER for ASM privilege. If you want to have an OSOPER group for Oracle ASM, then the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner must be a member of this group. Creating Database Operating System Groups and Users with Job Role Separation The following sections describe how to create the required operating system user and groups: ■ Creating the Oracle Inventory Group ■ Creating the OSDBA Group for Database Installations ■ Creating an OSOPER Group for Database Installations ■ Creating the OSASM Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Creating the OSDBA Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Creating the OSOPER Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Creating the Oracle Software Owner User Note: If necessary, contact your system administrator before using or modifying an existing user. Oracle recommends that you do not use the UID and GID defaults on each node because group and user IDs may be different on each node. Instead, provide common assigned group and user IDs, and confirm that they are unused on any node before you create or modify groups and users. Creating the Oracle Inventory Group When you install Oracle software on the system for the first time, Oracle Universal Installer creates the oraInst.loc file. This file identifies the name of the Oracle Inventory group (typically, oinstall) and the path of the Oracle Inventory directory. You can configure one group to be the access control group for Oracle Inventory, for database administrators (OSDBA), and for all other access control groups used by Oracle software for operating system authentication. However, this group then must be the primary group for all users granted administrative privileges. Log in as root, and use the following instructions to locate or create the Oracle Inventory group and a software owner: ■ Determining if the Oracle Inventory Group Exists ■ Creating the Oracle Inventory Group Determining if the Oracle Inventory Group Exists An oraInst.loc file has content similar to the following: inventory_loc=central_inventory_location inst_group=group In the preceding example, central_inventory_location is the location of the Oracle Central Inventory, and group is the name of the group that has permissions to write to the central inventory. Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-29 If you have an existing Oracle Inventory, then ensure that you use the same Oracle Inventory for all Oracle software installations, and ensure that all Oracle software users you intend to use for installation have permissions to write to this directory. To determine if the Oracle Inventory group exist, enter the following command: # grep oinstall /etc/group To determine if the oraInst.loc file exists, enter the following command: # more /etc/oraInst.loc If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following: inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall In the previous output example: ■ The inventory_loc group shows the location of the Oracle Inventory ■ The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group (in this example, oinstall). Creating the Oracle Inventory Group If the oraInst.loc file does not exist, then create the Oracle Inventory group by entering the following command: # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall Creating the OSDBA Group for Database Installations You must create an OSDBA group in the following circumstances: ■ An OSDBA group does not exist, for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle Database software on the system ■ An OSDBA group exists, but you want to give a different group of operating system users database administrative privileges for a new Oracle Database installation If the OSDBA group does not exist or if you require a new OSDBA group, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name dba unless a group with that name exists: # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 502 dba Creating an OSOPER Group for Database Installations Create an OSOPER group only to identify a group of operating system users with a limited set of database administrative privileges (SYSOPER operator privileges). For most installations, it is sufficient to create only the OSDBA group. If you want to use an OSOPER group, then you must create it in the following circumstances: ■ If an OSOPER group does not exist; for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle Database software on the system ■ If an OSOPER group exists, but you want to give a different group of operating system users database operator privileges in a new Oracle installation Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users 2-30 Oracle Database Installation Guide If you require a new OSOPER group (typically, oper), then create it as follows. In the following, use the group name oper unless a group with that name exists: # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 503 oper Creating the OSASM Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management If the OSASM group does not exist or if you require a new OSASM group, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name asmadmin unless a group with that name exists: # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 504 asmadmin Creating the OSDBA Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management If you require a new OSDBA group for Oracle ASM, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name asmdba unless a group with that name exists: # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 506 asmdba Creating the OSOPER Group for Oracle Automatic Storage Management If you require an OSOPER group, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name asmoper unless a group with that name exists: # /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 505 asmoper Creating the Oracle Software Owner User You must create an Oracle software owner user in the following circumstances: ■ If an Oracle software owner user does not exist; for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle software on the system. ■ If an Oracle software owner user exists, but you want to use a different operating system user, with different group membership, to give database administrative privileges to those groups in a new Oracle Database installation. ■ If you have created an Oracle software owner for Oracle Grid Infrastructure, such as grid, and you want to create a separate Oracle software owner for Oracle Database software, such as oracle. Determining if an Oracle Software Owner User Exists To determine if an Oracle software owner user named oracle, or grid exists, enter a command similar to the following: # id oracle # id grid If the oracle user exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following: uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=502(dba),503(oper) If the grid user exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following: uid=8001(oracle) gid=8001(oinstall) groups=8001(oinstall),8002(asmadmin),8003(asmdba),8006(dba) Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-31 Determine whether you want to use the existing user or create another user. If you want to use the existing user, then ensure that the user's primary group is the Oracle Inventory group (oinstall) and that it is a member of the appropriate OSDBA and OSOPER groups. See the following sections for more information: ■ Creating an Oracle Software Owner User ■ Modifying an Existing Oracle Software Owner User Note: If necessary, contact your system administrator before using or modifying an existing user. Creating an Oracle Software Owner User If the Oracle software owner user does not exist, or if you require a new Oracle software owner user, such as oracle or grid, then create it as described in this section (in this case to create the oracle user). In the following procedure, use the user name oracle unless a user with that name exists: 1. To create an oracle user, enter a command similar to the following: # /usr/sbin/useradd -u 502 -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,[oper] oracle In the preceding command: ■ The -u option specifies the user ID. Using this command flag is optional because the system can provide you with an automatically generated user ID number. You must note the oracle user ID number because you need it during preinstallation. ■ The -g option specifies the primary group, which must be the Oracle Inventory group, for example oinstall. ■ The -G option specifies the secondary groups, which must include the OSDBA group, and, if required, the OSOPER and ASMDBA groups, for example, dba, asmdba, or oper. 2. Set the password of the oracle user: # passwd oracle Modifying an Existing Oracle Software Owner User If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall, or it is not a member of the appropriate OSDBA or OSOPER groups, then modify it as follows: Specify the primary group using the -g option and any required secondary group using the -G option: # /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba[,oper] oracle Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users For each installation software owner, check the resource limits for installation, using the following recommended ranges: Table 2–1 Installation Owner Resource Limit Recommended Ranges Resource Shell Limit Resource Soft Limit Hard Limit Open file descriptors nofile at least 1024 at least 65536 Number of processes available to a single user nproc at least 2047 at least 16384 Size of the stack segment of the process stack at least 10240 KB at least 10240 KB, and at most 32768 KB Checking Resource Limits for the Oracle Software Installation Users 2-32 Oracle Database Installation Guide To check resource limits: 1. Log in as an installation owner. 2. Check the soft and hard limits for the file descriptor setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range, for example: $ ulimit -Sn 1024 $ ulimit -Hn 65536 3. Check the soft and hard limits for the number of processes available to a user. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range, for example: $ ulimit -Su 2047 $ ulimit -Hu 16384 4. Check the soft limit for the stack setting. Ensure that the result is in the recommended range, for example: $ ulimit -Ss 10240 $ ulimit -Hs 32768 5. Repeat this procedure for each Oracle software installation owner. If necessary, update the resource limits in the /etc/security/limits.conf configuration file for the installation owner. For example, add the following lines to the /etc/security/limits.conf file: oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft stack 10240 Note: ■ The values mentioned in the previous example are illustrative and not actual values that must be added. ■ When the limits.conf file is changed, these changes take effect immediately. However, if the grid or oracle users are logged in, then these changes do not take effect until you log these users out and log them back in. You must do this before you use these accounts for installation. See Also: "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-33 Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux During the Oracle Database installation, you can generate and run the fixup script to check and set the kernel parameter values required for successful installation of the database. This script updates required kernel packages, if necessary, to minimum values. If you cannot use the fixup script, then verify that the kernel parameters shown in the following table are set to values greater than or equal to the minimum value shown. See "Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values" on page 2-35 for information on how to verify and set the values manually. IMPORTANT: The kernel parameter and shell limit values shown in the following section are minimum values only. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system. See the operating system documentation for more information about tuning kernel parameters. Parameter Value File semmsl semmns semopm semmni 250 32000 100 128 /proc/sys/kernel/sem shmall 2097152 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux 2-34 Oracle Database Installation Guide Ensure that you set the TCP and UDP kernel parameters by following the procedure described in the Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters section. Note: If the current value for any parameter is greater than the value listed in this table, then the fixup script does not change the value of that parameter. shmmax Minimum: 536870912 ■ 32-bit Linux Systems Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than 4 GB, or 4294967295 Recommended: More than half the physical memory ■ 64-bit Linux Systems Maximum: A value that is 1 byte less than the physical memory Recommended: More than half the physical memory See My Oracle Support Note 567506.1 for additional information about configuring shmmax. /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax shmmni 4096 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni file-max 6815744 /proc/sys/fs/file-max aio-max-nr Maximum: 1048576 Note: This value limits concurrent outstanding requests and should be set to avoid I/O subsystem failures. /proc/sys/fs/aio-max-nr ip_local_port_range Minimum: 9000 Maximum: 65500 See Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_ port_range rmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default rmem_max 4194304 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max wmem_default 262144 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default wmem_max 1048576 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max Parameter Value File See Also: ■ "Verifying UDP and TCP Kernel Parameters" on page 2-22 ■ "Guidelines for Setting Semaphore Parameters" on page 5-4 ■ "Installation Fixup Scripts" on page 2-22 Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-35 Displaying and Changing Kernel Parameter Values Enter the commands shown in the following table to display the current values of the kernel parameters. Note these values and identify any values that you must change: Parameter Command semmsl, semmns, semopm, and semmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep sem This command displays the value of the semaphore parameters in the order listed. shmall, shmmax, and shmmni # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep shm This command displays the details of the shared memory segment sizes. file-max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep file-max This command displays the maximum number of file handles. ip_local_port_range # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep ip_local_port_range This command displays a range of port numbers. rmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_default rmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep rmem_max wmem_default # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_default wmem_max # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep wmem_max aio-max-nr # /sbin/sysctl -a | grep aio-max-nr If the value of any kernel parameter is different from the minimum value, then perform the following: 1. Using any text editor, create or edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, and add or edit lines similar to the following: Note: Include lines only for the kernel parameter values to change. For the semaphore parameters (kernel.sem), you must specify all four values. If any of the current values are larger than the minimum value, then specify the larger value. fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 4294967295 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 Identifying Required Software Directories 2-36 Oracle Database Installation Guide By specifying the values in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, they persist when you restart the system. On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems, enter the following command to ensure that the system reads the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts: # /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on 2. Enter the following command to change the current values of the kernel parameters: # /sbin/sysctl -p Review the output from this command to verify that the values are correct. If the values are incorrect, edit the /etc/sysctl.conf file, then enter this command again. 3. Enter the command /sbin/sysctl -a to confirm that the values are set correctly. 4. On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, enter the following command for the system to read the /etc/sysctl.conf file when it restarts: # /sbin/chkconfig boot.sysctl on 5. On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems only, you must enter the GID of the oinstall group as the value for the parameter /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group. Doing this grants members of oinstall a group permission to create shared memory segments. For example, where the oinstall group GID is 501: # echo 501 > /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_shm_group After running this command, use vi to add the following text to /etc/sysctl.conf, and enable the boot.sysctl script to run when the system restarts: vm.hugetlb_shm_group=501 Note: Only one group can be defined as the vm.hugetlb_shm_group. 6. After updating the values of the kernel parameters in the /etc/sysctl.conf file, either restart the computer, or run the command sysctl -p to make the changes in the /etc/sysctl.conf file available in the active kernel memory. Identifying Required Software Directories You must identify or create the following directories for the Oracle software: ■ Oracle Base Directory ■ Oracle Inventory Directory ■ Oracle Home Directory Note: ■ Ensure that the paths you select for Oracle software, such as the Oracle home path and the Oracle base path, use only ASCII characters. Because installation owner names are used by default for some paths, this ASCII character restriction applies to user names, file names, and directory names. ■ Ensure that all paths used by the database software, such as the Oracle home path and the Oracle base path, use characters only from the following set: "# % & ' () * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ _ A-Z a-z 0-9. This includes user names, file names, and directory names. At the time of this release, the use of other characters for an Oracle Grid Infrastructure home or Oracle Database home is not supported. The set of characters provided is further restricted by user and file naming rules of the operating system. Identifying Required Software Directories Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-37 Oracle Base Directory The Oracle base directory is a top-level directory for Oracle software installations. The Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines recommend that you use a path similar to the following for the Oracle base directory: /mount_point/app/software_owner In this example: ■ mount_point is the mount point directory for the file system that contains the Oracle software. The examples in this guide use /u01 for the mount point directory. ■ software_owner is the operating system user name of the software owner installing the Oracle software, for example oracle or grid. Note: If you start a database instance using the server parameter file (spfile) with the ORACLE_BASE environment variable set, then its value is automatically stored in spfile. If you unset the ORACLE_BASE environment variable and start the instance again, then the database uses the value of the Oracle base directory stored in spfile. You must specify the Oracle base directory that contains all Oracle products. Note: If you have an existing Oracle base directory, then you can select it from the Oracle Base list during the database installation. If you do not have an Oracle base, then you can create one by editing the text in the list box. By default, the list contains the existing value for the Oracle base. See "Installing the Oracle Database Software" on page 4-9 for more information. You can use the same Oracle base directory for multiple installations or you can create separate Oracle base directories for different installations. If different operating system users install Oracle software on the same system, then each user must create a separate Oracle base directory. The following are examples of Oracle base directories that can exist on the same system: Identifying Required Software Directories 2-38 Oracle Database Installation Guide /u01/app/oracle /u01/app/orauser See "Creating an Oracle Base Directory" on page 2-40. Oracle Inventory Directory The Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory) stores an inventory of all software installed on the system. It is required and shared by all Oracle software installations on a single system. If you have an existing Oracle Inventory path, then Oracle Universal Installer continues to use that Oracle Inventory. The first time you install Oracle software on a system, Oracle Universal Installer provides an Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant path in the format u[01-09]/app, such as /u01/app. The user running the installation has permissions to write to that path. If this is true, then Oracle Universal Installer creates the Oracle Inventory directory in the path /u[01-09]/app/oraInventory. For example: /u01/app/oraInventory If you have set ORACLE_BASE for the oracle user during installation, then Oracle Universal Installer creates the Oracle Inventory directory in the path ORACLE_ BASE/../oraInventory. For example, if ORACLE_BASE is set to /u01/app/oracle, then the Oracle Inventory directory is created in the path /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory. If you have neither created an OFA-compliant path nor set ORACLE_BASE, then the Oracle Inventory directory is placed in the home directory of the user that is performing the installation. For example: /home/oracle/oraInventory Oracle Universal Installer creates the directory that you specify and sets the correct owner, group, and permissions for it. You do not have to create it. Note: ■ All Oracle software installations rely on the Oracle Inventory directory. Ensure that you back it up regularly. ■ Do not delete this directory unless you have completely removed all Oracle software from the system. ■ By default, the Oracle Inventory directory is not installed under the Oracle Base directory. This is because all Oracle software installations share a common Oracle Inventory, so there is only one Oracle Inventory for all users. Whereas, there is a separate Oracle Base for each user. Oracle Home Directory The Oracle home directory is the directory where you install the software for a particular Oracle product. You must install different Oracle products or different releases of the same Oracle product in separate Oracle home directories. When you run Oracle Universal Installer, it prompts you to specify the path to this directory and a name that identifies it. The directory that you specify must be a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. Oracle recommends that you specify a path similar to the following for the Oracle home directory: Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-39 oracle_base/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Oracle Universal Installer creates the directory path that you specify under the Oracle base directory. It also sets the correct owner, group, and permissions on it. You do not have to create this directory. Note: During the installation, you must not specify an existing directory that has predefined permissions applied to it as the Oracle home directory. If you do, then you may experience installation failure due to file and group ownership permission errors. Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory Before starting the installation, you must either identify an existing Oracle base directory or, if required, create one. This section contains information about the following topics: ■ Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory ■ Creating an Oracle Base Directory Note: You can create an Oracle base directory, even if other Oracle base directories exist on the system. Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory Existing Oracle base directories may not have paths that follow the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines. However, if you identify an existing Oracle Inventory directory or existing Oracle home directories, then you can usually identify the Oracle base directories, as follows: ■ Identifying an existing Oracle Inventory directory. See "Creating the Oracle Inventory Group" on page 2-28 for more information. Note: Oracle recommends that you do not put the oraInventory directory under the Oracle base directory for a new installation. If you have an existing installation, then follow the steps in this section. ■ Identifying an existing Oracle home directory Enter the following command to display the contents of the oratab file: # more /etc/oratab If the oratab file exists, then it contains lines of code similar to the following: *:/u03/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N *:/opt/orauser/infra_904:N *:/oracle/9.2.0:N The directory paths specified on each line identify Oracle home directories. Directory paths that end with the user name of the Oracle software owner to use are valid choices for an Oracle base directory. If you intend to use the oracle user to install the software, then you can choose one of the following directories listed in the previous example: Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory 2-40 Oracle Database Installation Guide /u03/app/oracle /oracle Note: If possible, choose a directory path similar to the first one (/u03/app/oracle). This path complies with the OFA guidelines. ■ Identifying an existing Oracle base directory After you locate the Oracle home directory, run a similar command to confirm the location of Oracle base: cat /u01/app/oraInventory/ContentsXML/inventory.xml Before deciding to use an existing Oracle base directory for this installation, ensure that it meets the following conditions: ■ It is not on the same file system as the operating system. ■ It has sufficient free disk space, as follows: Requirement Free Disk Space The Oracle base directory contains only software files. Up to 4 GB The Oracle base directory contains both software and database files (not recommended for production databases). Up to 6 GB To determine the free disk space on the file system where the Oracle base directory is located, enter the following command: # df -h oracle_base_path See the following sections for more information: ■ If an Oracle base directory exists and you want to use it, then see "Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files" section on page 2-41. When you configure the oracle user’s environment later in this chapter, set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the directory you chose. ■ If an Oracle base directory does not exist on the system or to create an Oracle base directory, see "Creating an Oracle Base Directory" on page 2-40. Creating an Oracle Base Directory Before you create an Oracle base directory, you must identify an appropriate file system with sufficient free disk space. To identify an appropriate file system: 1. To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system, use the following command: # df -h 2. From the display, identify a file system that has the appropriate amount of free space. The file system that you identify can be a local file system, a cluster file system, or an NFS file system on a certified NAS device. Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-41 3. Note the name of the mount point directory for the file system that you identified. To create the Oracle base directory and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for it: 1. Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them: # mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner # chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner # chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner For example: # mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle # chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle 2. When you configure the oracle user’s environment later in this chapter, set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the Oracle base directory that you created. Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files Oracle Database files include data files, control files, redo log files, the server parameter file, and the password file. For all installations, you must choose the storage option to use for Oracle Database files. If you want to enable automated backups during the installation, then you must also choose the storage option to use for recovery files (the fast recovery area). You do not have to use the same storage option for each file type. Note: Database files and recovery files are supported on file systems and Oracle ASM. Use the following guidelines when choosing the storage options for each file type: ■ You can choose any combination of the supported storage options for each file type. ■ Determine whether you want to use Oracle ASM for Oracle Database files, recovery files, or both. See "Step 1: Identifying Storage Requirements for Oracle Automatic Storage Management" on page 3-7 for more information. ■ For more information about these storage options, see "Database Storage Options" on page 1-12. For information on how to configure disk storage before you start the installation, see one of the following sections depending on your choice: ■ To use a file system for database or recovery file storage, see the "Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files" section on page 2-42. ■ To use Oracle ASM for database or recovery file storage, see the "Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation" section on page 3-6. ■ To identify disk groups and determine the free disk space that they contain, see the "Using an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Group" section on page 4-3. Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files 2-42 Oracle Database Installation Guide Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files This section contains the following topics: ■ Guidelines for Placing Oracle Database Files on a File System ■ Creating Required Directories Guidelines for Placing Oracle Database Files on a File System If you choose to place the Oracle Database files on a file system, then use the following guidelines when deciding where to place them: ■ The default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer for the database file directory is a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. ■ You can choose either a single file system or more than one file system to store the database files: – If you want to use a single file system, then choose a file system on a physical device that is dedicated to the database. For best performance and reliability, choose a RAID device or a logical volume on more than one physical device and implement the stripe-and-mirror-everything (SAME) methodology. – If you want to use more than one file system, then choose file systems on separate physical devices that are dedicated to the database. This method enables you to distribute physical input-output operations and create separate control files on different devices for increased reliability. It also enables you to fully implement the OFA guidelines. You can choose the Advanced database creation option to implement this method. ■ If you intend to create a preconfigured database during the installation, then the file system (or file systems) that you choose must have at least 2 GB of free disk space. For production databases, you must estimate the disk space requirement depending on the use of the database. ■ For optimum performance, the file systems that you choose must be on physical devices that are used only by the database. ■ The oracle user must have write permissions to create the files in the path that you specify. Creating Required Directories Note: You must perform this procedure only to place the Oracle Database or recovery files on a separate file system from the Oracle base directory. To create directories for the Oracle database or recovery files on separate file systems from the Oracle base directory: 1. Use the following to determine the free disk space on each mounted file system: # df -h 2. From the display, identify the file systems to use: File Type File System Requirements Database files Choose either: ■ A single file system with at least 2 GB of free disk space ■ Two or more file systems with at least 2 GB of free disk space in total Recovery files Choose a file system with at least 2.4 GB of free disk space Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-43 If you are using the same file system for many file types, then add the disk space requirements for each type to determine the total disk space requirement. 3. Note the names of the mount point directories for the file systems that you identified. 4. Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in each of the mount point directories and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them: ■ Database file directory: # mkdir /mount_point/oradata # chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/oradata # chmod 775 /mount_point/oradata The default location for the database file directory is $ORACLE_BASE/oradata. ■ Recovery file directory (fast recovery area): # mkdir /mount_point/fast_recovery_area # chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/fast_recovery_area # chmod 775 /mount_point/fast_recovery_area The default fast recovery area is $ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area. Oracle recommends that you keep the fast recovery area on a separate physical disk than that of the database file directory. This enables you to use the fast recovery area to retrieve data if the disk containing oradata is unusable for any reason. 5. If you also want to use Oracle ASM for storage, then see "Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation" on page 3-6 and "Stopping Existing Oracle Processes" section on page 2-45. Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices This section describes how to configure Oracle Database files on block devices. Use the following procedure to create block device partitions: 1. Use fdisk to create disk partitions on block devices for database files. If you intend to configure block devices and use Oracle ASM to manage data files, then create one partition for each disk comprising the whole disk, and go through the section Configuring Disks for Oracle ASM with ASMLIB in Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide. 2. Create or modify the rules file in /etc/udev/rules.d to change the permissions of the data files from the default root ownership. Ensure that the file you create is appropriate for your distribution. For example, name this file 99-oracle.rules on Asianux, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server systems. Configuring Disk Devices for Oracle Database 2-44 Oracle Database Installation Guide Example 2–1 Example of a Rules File with User oracle /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle.rules # # ASM disks KERNEL=="sdb[6-9]", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdb10", OWNER="oracle", GROUP="dba", MODE="0660" Example 2–2 Example of a Rules File with User grid /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle.rules # # ASM disks KERNEL=="sdb[6-9]", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sdb10", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" See Also: Chapter 2, "Preparing Storage for ASM" in the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about preparing the storage subsystem before you configure Oracle ASM Configuring Disk Devices for Oracle Database The O_DIRECT parameter enables direct read and writes to block devices, avoiding kernel overhead. With Oracle Database Release 10.2 and later, Oracle Database files are configured by default to use direct input/output. With the 2. 6 kernel or later for Red Hat Enterprise Linux, Oracle Linux, and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server, you must create a permissions file to maintain permissions on Oracle database files. If you do not create this permissions file, then permissions on disk devices revert to their default values, root:disk, and Oracle Database fails to start. Use the following steps to set the permissions file number: ■ On Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 and Oracle Linux 4, you must create a permissions file number that is lower than 50. ■ On Asianux Server 3, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Oracle Linux 5, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10, or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11, you must create a permissions file number that is higher than 50. To configure a permissions file for disk devices, see the following examples: ■ Example of Creating a Udev Permissions File for Oracle Database ■ Example of Configuring Block Device Storage for Oracle Database See Also: Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for information about configuring storage for Oracle database files on shared storage devices Example of Creating a Udev Permissions File for Oracle Database See the examples mentioned in "Configuring Storage for Oracle Database Files Using Block Devices" on page 2-43 for more information about creating a permissions file. Example of Configuring Block Device Storage for Oracle Database The following procedure creates partitions for Oracle Database files on block devices: Stopping Existing Oracle Processes Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-45 1. Log in as root 2. Enter the fdisk command to format a specific storage disk. For example, /sbin/fdisk /dev/sdb 3. Create a partition. For example, create a 280 MB partition for data files. 4. Use the command similar to the following to update the kernel partition table for the shared storage device: /sbin/partprobe diskpath The following is an example of how to use the fdisk command to create one partition on a shared storage block disk device for a data file: $ sudo sh Password: # /sbin/fdisk /dev/sdb The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1024. Command (m for help): n Command action e extended P primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (1-1024, default 1): Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-4462, default 1) Using default value 1 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1024, default 4462): using default value 4462 Command (m for help):w The partition table has been altered! Calling ioctl () to re-read partition table. Synching disks. # exit Last login Wed Feb 21 20:23:01 from localnode $ sudo sh Password: # /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdb1 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes Note: If you are installing additional Oracle Database 11g products in an existing Oracle home, then stop all processes, including the listener and database, running in the Oracle home. You must complete this task to enable Oracle Universal Installer to relink certain executables and libraries. Consider the following before you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure or Oracle Database: ■ If you plan to use Oracle Restart, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. When you perform a database installation, the database must use the same listener created during the Oracle Stopping Existing Oracle Processes 2-46 Oracle Database Installation Guide Grid Infrastructure installation, thereafter you do not have to perform the steps listed in this section. The default listener and any additional listeners must run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. See "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 to continue. ■ If you have an existing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) running on Oracle ASM, then stop any existing Oracle ASM instances. After you finish installing the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software, start the Oracle ASM instance again. If you create a database during the software installation, then most installation types configure and start a default Oracle Net listener using TCP/IP port 1521 and the IPC key value EXTPROC. If an existing Oracle Net listener process is using the same port or key value, Oracle Universal Installer looks for the next available port (for example, 1522) and configures and starts the new listener on this available port. To determine if an existing listener process is running and to shut it down, if necessary: 1. Switch user to oracle: # su - oracle 2. Enter the following command to determine if a listener process is running and to identify its name and the Oracle home directory in which it is installed: $ ps -ef | grep tnslsnr This command displays information about the Oracle Net listeners running on the system: ... oracle_home1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit In this example, oracle_home1 is the Oracle home directory where the listener is installed and LISTENER is the listener name. Note: If no Oracle Net listeners are running, then see the "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" section on page 2-47 to continue. 3. At the command prompt, set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the listener: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home1 $ export ORACLE_HOME ■ C or tcsh shell: % setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home1 4. Enter the following command to identify the TCP/IP port number and IPC key value that the listener is using: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status listenername Note: If the listener uses the default name LISTENER, then you do not have to specify the listener name in this command. Configuring the oracle User’s Environment Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-47 5. Enter a command similar to the following to stop the listener process: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop listenername 6. Repeat this procedure to stop all listeners running on this system. Configuring the oracle User’s Environment You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must: ■ Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file. ■ Set the DISPLAY environment variable. Caution: Use shell programs supported by your operating system vendor. If you use a shell program that is not supported by your operating system, then you can encounter errors during installation. To set the oracle user’s environment: 1. Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm). 2. Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system: $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name For example: $ xhost somehost.us.example.com 3. If you are not logged in to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user. 4. If you are not logged in as the oracle user, then switch the user to oracle: $ su - oracle 5. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command: $ echo $SHELL 6. To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands: ■ Bash shell: $ . ./.bash_profile ■ Bourne or Korn shell: $ . ./.profile ■ C shell: % source ./.login 7. If you are not installing the software on the local computer, then run the following command on the remote computer to set the DISPLAY variable: ■ Bourne, Bash or Korn shell: Configuring the oracle User’s Environment 2-48 Oracle Database Installation Guide $ export DISPLAY=local_host:0.0 ■ C shell: % setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0 In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the local computer to use to display Oracle Universal Installer. Run the following command on the remote system to check if the SHELL and the DISPLAY environment variables are set correctly: echo $SHELL echo $DISPLAY Now to enable X applications, run the following commands on the local computer: $ xhost + fully_qualified_remote_host_name To verify that the X applications display is set properly, run an X11-based program that comes with the operating system such as xclock: $ xclock In this example, you can find xclock at /usr/X11R6/bin/xclocks. If the DISPLAY environment variable is set correctly, then you can see xclock on your computer screen. If you get any display errors, see "X Window Display Errors" on page G-2. See Also: PC-X Server or operating system vendor documents for more information 8. If you determined that the /tmp directory has less than 1 GB of free disk space, then identify a file system with at least 1 GB of free space and set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory on this file system: a. To determine the free disk space on each mounted file system use the following command: # df -h /tmp b. If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory: $ sudo mkdir /mount_point/tmp $ sudo chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp # exit c. Enter commands similar to the following to set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables: * Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ TMP=/mount_point/tmp $ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp $ export TMP TMPDIR * C shell: % setenv TMP /mount_point/tmp % setenv TMPDIR /mount_point/tmp Configuring the oracle User’s Environment Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements 2-49 9. Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle $ ORACLE_SID=sales $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID ■ C shell: % setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle % setenv ORACLE_SID sales In this example, /u01/app/oracle is the Oracle base directory that you created or identified earlier, and sales is the name of the database (typically no more than five characters). 10. Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ unset ORACLE_HOME $ unset TNS_ADMIN ■ C shell: % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN Note: If the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set, then Oracle Universal Installer uses the value that it specifies as the default path for the Oracle home directory. If you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you unset the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer. See Also: "Configuring the User’s Environment" on page 3-3 for information about setting the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user’s environment Configuring the oracle User’s Environment 2-50 Oracle Database Installation Guide 3 Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-1 3Oracle Grid Infrastructure The Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server is the Oracle software that provides system support for an Oracle database including volume management, file system, and automatic restart capabilities. If you plan to use Oracle Restart or Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server is the software that includes Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM. Oracle combines the two infrastructure products into a single set of binaries that is installed as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Oracle ASM is a volume manager and a file system for Oracle database files that supports single-instance Oracle Database and Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) configurations. Oracle ASM also supports a general purpose file system for your application needs including Oracle Database binaries. Oracle ASM is Oracle's recommended storage management solution that provides an alternative to conventional volume managers, file systems, and raw devices. Oracle Restart improves the availability of your Oracle database by providing the following: ■ When there is a hardware or a software failure, Oracle Restart automatically starts all Oracle components, including the Oracle database instance, Oracle Net Listener, database services, and Oracle ASM. ■ Oracle Restart starts components in the proper order when the database host is restarted. ■ Oracle Restart runs periodic checks to monitor the status of Oracle components. If a check operation fails for a component, then the component is shut down and restarted. Note: ■ If you want to use Oracle ASM or Oracle Restart, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart. ■ Oracle Restart is used in single-instance (nonclustered) environments only. This chapter contains the following sections: ■ Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation ■ Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation 3-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Managing Disk Groups for Older Database Versions ■ Migrating Existing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instances ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Considerations ■ Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation ■ Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure Using a Software-Only Installation ■ Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server ■ Modifying Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Binaries ■ Manually Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups ■ Testing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation The system must meet the following requirements: ■ Memory Requirements ■ Disk Space Requirements ■ Configuring the User’s Environment Memory Requirements The following are the memory requirements for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server: Minimum: At least 1.5 GB of RAM for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server; at least 1 GB of additional RAM if you plan to install Oracle Database after installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server. Recommended: 4 GB of RAM or more if you plan to install both Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and Oracle Database. ■ To determine the RAM size, enter the following command: # grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo If the size of the RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing. ■ The following table describes the relationship between installed RAM and the configured swap space recommendation: Note: On Linux, the HugePages feature allocates non-swappable memory for large page tables using memory-mapped files. If you enable HugePages, then you should deduct the memory allocated to HugePages from the available RAM before calculating swap space. RAM Swap Space Between 1.5 GB and 2 GB 1.5 times the size of the RAM Between 2 GB and 16 GB Equal to the size of the RAM More than 16 GB 16 GB Requirements for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-3 To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command: # grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo If necessary, see the operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space. To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command: # free IMPORTANT: ■ Oracle recommends that you take multiple values for the available RAM and swap space before finalizing a value. This is because the available RAM and swap space keep changing depending on the user interactions with the computer. ■ Contact your operating system vendor for swap space allocation guidance for your server. The vendor guidelines supersede the swap space requirements listed in this guide. Disk Space Requirements The following are the disk space requirements for installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure: ■ At least 5.5 GB of disk space. ■ At least 1 GB of space in the /tmp directory. To determine the amount of free space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command: # df -k /tmp If there is less than 1 GB of free space available in the /tmp directory, then complete one of the following steps: ■ Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement. ■ Set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory when setting the oracle user’s environment. See Also: "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 for more information about setting TMP and TMPDIR ■ Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact the system administrator for information about extending file systems. Configuring the User’s Environment Complete the following tasks to set the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user’s environment: ■ Review the information in "Logging In to the System as root" on page 2-2. ■ Ensure that you set the path to the Oracle base directory. Oracle Restart and Oracle Database are under the same Oracle base directory. For example: Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support 3-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide # ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; # export ORACLE_BASE ■ Set the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file. Setting the mask to 022 ensures that the user performing the software installation creates files with 755 permissions. ■ Set ulimit settings for file descriptors and processes for the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation software owner. ■ Set the DISPLAY environment variable in preparation for installation. If you plan to install Oracle Database, then you must meet additional preinstallation requirements. See Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements". Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Support Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS) extends Oracle ASM technology to support of all of your application data in both single instance and cluster configurations. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager (Oracle ADVM) provides volume management services and a standard disk device driver interface to clients. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System is layered on Oracle ASM through the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager interface. Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM are supported on Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 for Linux x86 and Linux x86-64. Table 3–1 lists the releases, platforms and kernel versions that support Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM. Table 3–1 Platforms That Support Oracle ACFS and Oracle ADVM Release Platform / Operating System Kernel 11.2.x Linux x86: Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2.6.18 or later updates to 2.6.18 11.2.0.1 Linux x86-64: Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 2.6.18 or later updates to 2.6.18 11.2.0.2 Linux x86-64: Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 and later 2.6.18 or later updates to 2.6.18 11.2.0.3 Linux x86-64: Oracle Linux 5, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 SP3 and later, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11 SP1 2.6.18 or later updates to 2.6.18 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel 2.6.32-100.34.1 and later updates to 2.6.32-100 Note: Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is not supported on Oracle ACFS file systems. Note: Oracle recommends that you create Oracle data files in Oracle ASM disk groups. Creating Oracle data files on an Oracle ACFS file system is not supported. Oracle ACFS can be used as an option only when Oracle ASM is configured. Migrating Existing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instances Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-5 Oracle ACFS resources are not supported for Oracle Restart configurations on all platforms. Oracle ACFS drivers must be manually unloaded and loaded; Oracle ACFS file systems must be manually unmounted and mounted (after the Oracle ASM instance is running); Oracle ACFS database home file systems can be placed into the Oracle ACFS mount registry to be mounted along with other registered Oracle ACFS file systems. See Also: ■ Oracle Database Release Notes for Linux for latest information about supported platforms and releases ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System and Oracle Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager Managing Disk Groups for Older Database Versions Releases before Oracle Database 11g Release 2 used Database Configuration Assistant to perform administrative tasks on Oracle ASM. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is installed with Oracle Restart. Migrating Existing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instances If you have an Oracle ASM installation from an earlier release installed on your server, or in an existing Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, you can use Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) to upgrade the existing Oracle ASM instance to 11g Release 2 (11.2), and subsequently configure disk groups, Oracle ASM volumes and Oracle ASM file systems. Note: You must first shut down all databases and applications using an existing Oracle ASM instance before upgrading it. During the installation, if you use Oracle ASM, and Oracle ASMCA detects that there is a prior Oracle ASM version installed in another Oracle ASM home, then after installing the Oracle ASM 11g Release 2 (11.2) binaries, you can start Oracle ASMCA to upgrade the existing Oracle ASM instance. See Also: ■ "Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance with Oracle Universal Installer" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide ■ "Upgrading an Oracle ASM Instance with Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide ■ "Downgrading an Oracle ASM Instance in an Oracle Restart Configuration" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Considerations 3-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Considerations In previous releases, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster, or for a standalone server. If you want to upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, then you must upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade (upgrades of existing Oracle ASM installations). If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) is installed as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server installation. You must run Oracle ASMCA for installing and configuring Oracle ASM instances, disk groups, volumes, and Oracle ACFS. In addition, you can use the ASMCA command-line interface as a non-GUI utility. See Also: Chapter 11, "Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about Oracle ASMCA Apply the following guidelines when you install Oracle ASM: ■ You must complete the steps listed under "Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation" on page 3-6 to prepare a disk partition to use for the Oracle ASM disk groups. ■ Ensure that at least one disk is configured appropriately for use in an Oracle ASM disk group before beginning the installation. ■ When you install Oracle ASM, Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) creates a separate server parameter file (SPFILE) and password file for the Oracle ASM instance. As soon as Oracle ASM is installed, the ASMSNMP schema and user are created. See Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information. ■ The Oracle ASM instance that manages the existing disk group runs in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home directory. Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation This section describes how to configure disks for use with Oracle ASM. The following sections describe how to identify the requirements and configure the disks on each platform: ■ General Steps for Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Step 1: Identifying Storage Requirements for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Step 2: Creating DAS or SAN Disk Partitions for Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Step 3: Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Note: Oracle does not recommend using identifiers for database object names that must be quoted. While these quoted identifiers may be valid as names in the SQL CREATE statement, such as CREATE DISKGROUP "1data" ..., the names may not be valid when using other tools that manage the database object. See Also: "Creating Disk Groups for a New Oracle Installation" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about creating and managing disk groups Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-7 General Steps for Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management The following are the general steps to configure Oracle ASM: 1. Identify the storage requirements of the site. 2. If you are creating a new Oracle ASM disk group, create partitions for DAS or SAN disks. 3. Configure the disks for use with Oracle ASM. You must provide the Oracle ASM disk configuration information during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Step 1: Identifying Storage Requirements for Oracle Automatic Storage Management To identify the storage requirements for using Oracle ASM, you must determine the number of devices and the amount of free disk space that you require. To complete this task: 1. Determine whether you want to use Oracle ASM for Oracle Database files, recovery files, or both. Note: You do not have to use the same storage mechanism for Oracle Database files and recovery files. You can use a file system for one file type and Oracle ASM for the other. If you enable automated backups and you do not have a shared file system available, then you must choose Oracle ASM for recovery file storage. During the database installation, if you plan to enable automated backups, then you can choose Oracle ASM as the storage mechanism for recovery files by specifying an Oracle ASM disk group for the fast recovery area. Depending on how you create a database during the database installation, you have the following options: ■ You can run Oracle ASMCA in interactive mode to create and configure the required disk groups. During the database installation, if you select an installation method that runs Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode (Advanced Installation type), then you can select the disk groups that you created using Oracle ASMCA. You have the option to use the disk groups you created using Oracle ASMCA both for database files and recovery files, or you can use different disk groups Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation 3-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide for each file type. Ideally, create separate Oracle ASM disk groups for data files and for recovery files. ■ If you run Oracle ASMCA in noninteractive mode, then you must use the same Oracle ASM disk group for data files and recovery files. During the database installation (Typical Installation type), you must select the same disk group for both data files and recovery files. See Also: ■ "Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant Command-Line Interface" section in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide ■ "Creating a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group" on page 5-5 2. Choose the Oracle ASM redundancy level to use for each Oracle ASM disk group that you create. The redundancy level that you choose for the Oracle ASM disk group determines how Oracle ASM mirrors files in the disk group and determines the number of disks and amount of disk space that you require, as follows: ■ External redundancy This option does not allow Oracle ASM to mirror the contents of the disk group. Oracle recommends that you select this redundancy level either when the disk group contains devices, such as RAID devices, that provide their own data protection or when the database does not require uninterrupted access to data. ■ Normal redundancy To optimize performance and reliability in a normal redundancy disk group, Oracle ASM uses two-way mirroring for data files and three-way mirroring for control files, by default. In addition, you can choose the mirroring characteristics for individual files in a disk group. You can use two-way mirroring or no mirroring. A normal redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two failure groups (or two disk devices) if you are using two-way mirroring. The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is half the sum of the disk space of all of its devices. For most installations, Oracle recommends that you use normal redundancy disk groups. ■ High redundancy The contents of the disk group are three-way mirrored by default. To create a disk group with high redundancy, you must specify at least three failure groups (a minimum of three devices). Although high-redundancy disk groups provide a high level of data protection, you must consider the higher cost of additional storage devices before deciding to use this redundancy level. 3. Determine the total amount of disk space that you require for the database files and recovery files. If an Oracle ASM instance is running on the system, then you can use an existing disk group to meet these storage requirements. If necessary, you can add disks to an existing disk group during the database installation. Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-9 Use the following table to determine the minimum number of disks and the minimum disk space requirements for the installation: Redundancy Level Minimum Number of Disks Data Files Recovery Files Both File Types External 1 1.8 GB 3.6 GB 5.4 GB Normal 2 3.6 GB 7.2 GB 10.8 GB High 3 5.4 GB 10.8 GB 16.2 GB 4. Optionally, identify failure groups for the Oracle ASM disk group devices. If you intend to use a normal or high redundancy disk group, then you can further protect the database against hardware failure by associating a set of disk devices in a custom failure group. By default, each device is included in its failure group. However, if two disk devices in a normal redundancy disk group are attached to the same SCSI controller, then the disk group becomes unavailable if the controller fails. The controller in this example is a single point of failure. For instance, to avoid failures of this type, you can use two small computer system interface (SCSI) controllers, each with two disks, and define a failure group for the disks attached to each controller. This configuration would enable the disk group to tolerate the failure of one SCSI controller. Note: If you define custom failure groups, then you must specify a minimum of two failure groups for normal redundancy disk groups and three failure groups for high redundancy disk groups. 5. If you are sure that a suitable disk group does not exist on the system, then install or identify appropriate disk devices to add to a new disk group. Apply the following guidelines when identifying appropriate disk devices: ■ The disk devices must be owned by the user performing the grid installation. See Also: "Example of a Rules File with User grid" on page 2-44 for information about creating or modifying permissions ■ All the devices in an Oracle ASM disk group must be the same size and have the same performance characteristics. ■ Do not specify multiple partitions on a single physical disk as a disk group device. Oracle ASM expects each disk group device to be on a separate physical disk. ■ Although you can specify a logical volume as a device in an Oracle ASM disk group, Oracle does not recommend their use because it adds a layer of complexity that is unnecessary with Oracle ASM. Oracle recommends that if you choose to use a logical volume manager, then use the logical volume manager to represent a single logical unit number (LUN) without striping or mirroring, so that you can minimize the effect on storage performance of the additional storage layer. See Also: ■ "Step 3: Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management" on page 3-10 for information about completing this task ■ "Preparing Storage for ASM" in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about configuring Oracle ASM disk groups Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation 3-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide Step 2: Creating DAS or SAN Disk Partitions for Oracle Automatic Storage Management In order to use a DAS or SAN disk in Oracle ASM, the disk must have a partition table. Oracle recommends creating exactly one partition for each disk. Note: You can use any physical disk for Oracle ASM, if it is partitioned. Step 3: Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Oracle provides an Oracle ASM library driver that you can use to simplify the configuration and management of the disk devices to use with Oracle ASM. A disk that is configured for Oracle ASM is known as a candidate disk. If you intend to use Oracle ASM for database storage, then Oracle recommends that you install the Automatic Storage Management library driver (ASMLIB) and associated utilities and use them to configure the devices to include in an Oracle ASM disk group. Note: If you configure disks using the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver, then you must change the default disk discovery string to ORCL:*. If the diskstring is set to ORCL:*, or is left empty (""), then the installer discovers these disks. This section describes how to configure storage for use with Oracle ASM. ■ Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Using the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver (ASMLIB) ■ Configuring Disk Devices Manually for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuring Disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management Using the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver (ASMLIB) To use the Automatic Storage Management library driver to configure Automatic Storage Management devices, complete the following tasks: ■ Installing and Configuring the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver Software ■ Configuring the Disk Devices to Use the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Library Driver ■ Administering the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Library Driver and Disks Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-11 Installing and Configuring the Automatic Storage Management Library Driver Software To install and configure the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver software: 1. Enter the following command to determine the kernel version and architecture of the system: # uname -rm 2. If necessary, download the required Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver packages from the Oracle Technology Network Web site: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html You must install the following packages, where version is the version of the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver, arch is the system architecture, and kernel is the version of the kernel that you are using: oracleasm-support-version.arch.rpm oracleasm-kernel-version.arch.rpm oracleasmlib-version.arch.rpm 3. Enter a command similar to the following to install the packages: # sudo rpm -Uvh oracleasm-support-version.arch.rpm \ oracleasm-kernel-version.arch.rpm \ oracleasmlib-version.arch.rpm If you are using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS 3.0 enterprise kernel on an x86 system, then enter a command similar to the following: # sudo rpm -Uvh oracleasm-support-1.0.0-1.i386.rpm \ oracleasm-2.4.9-e-enterprise-1.0.0-1.i686.rpm \ oracleasmlib-1.0.0-1.i386.rpm 4. Enter a command similar to the following to determine the UID of the Oracle software owner user that you are using for this installation and the GID of the OSASM group: # id oracle 5. Enter the following command to run the oracleasm initialization script with the configure option: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure 6. Enter the following information in response to the prompts that the script displays: Prompt Suggested Response Default UID to own the driver interface: Specify the UID of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure owner user (typically, grid). Default GID to own the driver interface: Specify the GID of the OSASM group (typically, asmadmin). Start Oracle Automatic Storage Management Library driver on start (y/n): Enter y to start the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver when the system starts. Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation 3-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Configuring the Disk Devices to Use the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Library Driver To configure the disk devices to use in an Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group: 1. If you intend to use IDE, SCSI, or RAID devices in the Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group, then: a. If necessary, install or configure the disk devices that you intend to use for the disk group and restart the system. b. To identify the device name for the disks to use, enter the following command: # /sbin/fdisk -l Depending on the type of disk, the device name can vary: Disk Type Device Name Format Description IDE disk /dev/hdxn In this example, x is a letter that identifies the IDE disk, and n is the partition number. For example, /dev/hda is the first disk on the first IDE bus. SCSI disk /dev/sdxn In this example, x is a letter that identifies the SCSI disk, and n is the partition number. For example, /dev/sda is the first disk on the first SCSI bus. RAID disk /dev/rd/cxdypz /dev/ida/cxdypz Depending on the RAID controller, RAID devices can have different device names. In the examples shown, x is a number that identifies the controller, y is a number that identifies the disk, and z is a number that identifies the partition. For example, /dev/ida/c0d1 is the second logical drive on the first controller. Note: Oracle recommends that you create a single whole-disk partition on each disk to use. c. Use either fdisk or parted to create a single whole-disk partition on the disk devices to use. 2. Enter a command similar to the following to mark a disk as an Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISK1 /dev/sdb1 In this example, DISK1 is a name assigned to the disk. Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n): Enter y to scan for the presence of any Oracle Automatic Storage Management disks when the system starts. Prompt Suggested Response Note: ■ If you are using a multipathing disk driver with Oracle Automatic Storage Management, then ensure that you specify the correct logical device name for the disk. The disk names that you specify can contain uppercase letters, numbers, and the underscore character. They must start with an uppercase letter. ■ To create a database during the installation using the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver, you must change the default disk discovery string to ORCL:*. Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-13 Administering the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Library Driver and Disks To administer the Oracle Automatic Storage Management library driver and disks, use the oracleasm initialization script with different options, as follows: Option Description configure Use the configure option to reconfigure the Oracle ASM library driver, if necessary: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure enable disable Use the disable and enable options to change the behavior of the Oracle ASM library driver when the system starts. The enable option causes the Automatic Storage Management library driver to load when the system starts: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm enable start stop restart Use the start, stop, and restart options to load or unload the Oracle ASM library driver without restarting the system: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm restart createdisk Use the createdisk option to mark a disk device for use with the Oracle ASM library driver and give it a name: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DISKNAME devicename deletedisk Use the deletedisk option to unmark a named disk device: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk DISKNAME Note: Do not use this command to unmark disks that are being used by an Oracle ASM disk group. You must drop the disk from the Oracle ASM disk group before you unmark it. querydisk Use the querydisk option to determine if a disk device or disk name is being used by the Oracle ASM library driver: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm querydisk {DISKNAME | devicename} listdisks Use the listdisks option to list the disk names of marked Oracle ASM library driver disks: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation 3-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide Configuring Disk Devices Manually for Oracle Automatic Storage Management By default, the 2.6 kernel device file naming scheme udev dynamically creates device file names when the server is started, and assigns ownership of them to root. If udev applies default settings, then it changes device file names and owners for the disks, corrupting them when an Oracle ASM instance is restarted. If you use ASMLIB, then you do not have to ensure permissions and device path persistency in udev. If you do not use ASMLIB, then you must create a custom rules file. When udev is started, it sequentially carries out rules (configuration directives) defined in rules files. These files are in the path /etc/udev/rules.d/. Rules files are read in lexical order. For example, rules in the file 10-wacom.rules are parsed and carried out before rules in the rules file 90-ib.rules. Where rules files describe the same devices, on Asianux, Red Hat, and Oracle Linux, the last file read is the one that is applied. On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 2.6 kernels, the first file read is the one that is applied. To configure a permissions file for disk devices, complete the following tasks: 1. Configure SCSI devices as trusted devices, white listed, by editing the /etc/scsi_ id.config file and adding "options=-g" to the file. For example: # cat > /etc/scsi_id.config vendor="ATA",options=-p 0x80 options=-g 2. Using a text editor, create a udev rules file for the Oracle ASM devices, setting permissions to 0660 for the installation owner and the group whose members are administrators of the grid infrastructure software. For example, using the installation owner grid and using a role-based group configuration, with the OSASM group asmadmin: # vi /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules KERNEL=="sd?1", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id", RESULT=="14f70656e66696c00000000", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd?2", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id", RESULT=="14f70656e66696c00000000", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" KERNEL=="sd?3", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id", RESULT=="14f70656e66696c00000000", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660" 3. Load updated block device partition tables on the server using: /sbin/partprobe devicename. You must do this as the root user. 4. Enter the command to restart the udev service. On Asianux, Oracle Enterprise Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, the commands are: # /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules # /sbin/start_udev scandisks Use the scandisks option to enable cluster nodes to identify which shared disks have been marked as Oracle ASM library driver disks on another node: # /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks Option Description Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure Using a Software-Only Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-15 On SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 10 and SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 11, the command is: # /etc/init.d boot.udev restart Verify that your system is configured correctly. Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure Using a Software-Only Installation A software-only installation only copies the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server binaries to the specified location. Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server and Oracle ASM must be done manually after the installation is finished. When you perform a software-only installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure software, you must complete a few manual configuration steps to enable Oracle Restart after you install the software. Note: Oracle recommends that only advanced users perform the software-only installation because this installation method provides no validation of the installation, and this installation option requires manual postinstallation steps to enable the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software. Performing a software-only installation involves the following steps: 1. Installing the Software Binaries 2. Configuring the Software Binaries Installing the Software Binaries 1. Run the runInstaller command from the relevant directory on the Oracle Database 11g release 2 (11.2) installation media or download directory. 2. Complete a software-only installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure. See "Configuring the Software Binaries" on page 3-15 for information about configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure after performing a software-only installation. 3. Verify that the server meets the installation requirements using the command runcluvfy.sh stage -pre hacfg. Ensure that you complete all storage and server preinstallation requirements. Configuring the Software Binaries To configure and activate a software-only Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation for Oracle Restart, complete the following tasks: 1. Run the roothas.pl script from Grid_home using the following syntax: Grid_home/perl/bin/perl -I Grid_home/perl/lib -I Grid_home/crs/install Grid_home/crs/install/roothas.pl For example, if your Oracle Grid Infrastructure home is /app/11.2.0/grid, then run the following script: $ /app/11.2.0/grid/perl/bin/perl -I /app/11.2.0/grid/perl/lib -I /app Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server 3-16 Oracle Database Installation Guide /11.2.0/grid/crs/install /app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl 2. Change the directory to Grid_home/oui/bin, where Grid_home is the path of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. 3. Enter the following command: ./runInstaller -updateNodeList ORACLE_HOME=Grid_home -defaultHomeName For example: $ ./runInstaller -updateNodeList ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid -defaultHomeName CLUSTER_NODES= CRS=TRUE 4. Use the SRVCTL utility along with Network Configuration Assistant and Oracle ASMCA to add the listener, the Oracle ASM instance, and all Oracle ASM disk groups to the Oracle Restart configuration. Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server If you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure and then create your database, the database is automatically added to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure configuration and is automatically restarted when required. However, if you install Oracle Grid Infrastructure on a host computer on which a database exists, you must manually add the database, the listener, the Oracle ASM instance, and other components to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure configuration. Note: Oracle Grid Infrastructure can accommodate multiple single-instance databases on a single host computer. This section includes the following topics: ■ Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with a New Database Installation ■ Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for an Existing Database Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with a New Database Installation Perform the following steps to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure and then create a database that is managed by Oracle Restart. First install Oracle Grid Infrastructure, which installs Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM, then configure Oracle ASM with at least one disk group, and then install Oracle Database that stores database files in Oracle ASM disk groups. Click the help button on the Oracle Universal Installer page for page level assistance. You may have to shut down existing Oracle processes before you proceed with the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. See "Stopping Existing Oracle Processes" on page 2-45 for more information. To install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server with a new database installation: 1. Start Oracle Universal Installer as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user. Complete one of the following steps depending on the location of the installation files: Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-17 ■ If the installation files are on installation media, enter commands similar to the following, where directory_path is the path of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure directory on the installation media: $ /directory_path/runInstaller Note: You must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure media. ■ If the installation files are on the hard disk, change the directory to the path of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure (clusterware) directory and enter the following command: $ ./runInstaller ■ Downloading Updates Before Installation Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), if you plan to run the installation in a secured data center, then you can download updates before starting the installation by starting Oracle Universal Installer on a system that has Internet access in update download mode. To start Oracle Universal Installer to download updates, enter the following command: $ ./runInstaller -downloadUpdates Provide the My Oracle Support user name and password, and provide proxy settings if needed. After you download updates, transfer the update file to a directory on the server where you plan to run the installation. See Also: ■ Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for more information about response file formats ■ "Software Updates Option" on page 1-10 ■ "Configuring the User’s Environment" on page 3-3 for information about setting the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user’s environment Note: Start Oracle Universal Installer from the terminal session where you logged in as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user and set the user’s environment. If Oracle Universal Installer is not displayed, see "X Window Display Errors" on page G-2 and "Remote Terminal Installation Error" on page G-2 for information about troubleshooting. 2. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you can use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply the latest updates. In the Download Software Updates screen, select one of the following options and click Next: ■ Use My Oracle Support credentials for download: Select this option to download and apply the latest software updates. Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server 3-18 Oracle Database Installation Guide Click Proxy Settings to configure a proxy for Oracle Universal Installer to use to connect to the Internet. Provide the proxy server information for your site, along with a user account that has access to the local area network through which the server is connecting. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) you can enter the Proxy Realm information. The proxy realm information is case-sensitive. If you do not have a proxy realm, then you do not have to provide an entry for the Proxy Username, Proxy Password, and Proxy Realm fields. Click Test Connection to ensure that your proxy settings are correctly entered, and the installer can download the updates. ■ Use pre-downloaded software updates: Select this option to apply the software updates previously downloaded using the -downloadUpdates flag. ■ Skip software updates: Select this option if you do not want to apply any updates. 3. The Apply Software Updates screen is displayed if you select to download the software updates, or provide the pre-downloaded software updates location. a. If you selected Use My Oracle Support credentials for download in the previous screen, select Download and apply all updates, and then click Next to apply the updates. By default, the download location for software updates is placed in the home directory of the Oracle installation owner you are using to run this installation. If you choose to download the software updates in another location, then click Browse and select a different location on your server. b. If you selected Use pre-downloaded software updates in the previous screen, select Apply all updates, and then click Next to apply the updates downloaded before starting the installation. 4. In the Select Installation Option screen, select the Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server option to install and configure Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM. Click Next. 5. In the Select Product Languages screen, select one or more languages. Move the languages from the Available Languages list to the Selected Languages list. Click Next. 6. The Create ASM Disk Group screen lists all the Oracle ASM disks. Click Change Discovery Path to select any devices to be used by Oracle ASM but are not listed in the screen. In the Change Disk Discovery Path window, enter a string to use to search for devices that Oracle ASM will use. If the disk string is set to ORCL:* or is left empty (""), then the installer discovers these disks. Click OK. After you finish selecting the disks to be used by Oracle ASM, click Next. Note: During installation, disk paths mounted on Oracle ASM and registered on ASMLIB with the string ORCL:* are listed as default database storage candidate disks. Consider the following information about disk devices while performing this step: ■ The default Disk Group Name is DATA. You can enter a new name for the disk group, or use the default name. ■ The disk devices must be owned by the user performing the grid installation. See Also: "Example of a Rules File with User grid" on page 2-44 for information about creating or modifying permissions Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-19 ■ Check with your system administrator to determine if the disks used by Oracle ASM are mirrored at the storage level. If so, select External for the redundancy. If the disks are not mirrored at the storage level, then select Normal for the redundancy. Note: For normal redundancy, you require twice as much disk space to hold the same amount of data. For example, if your database is 100 GB, then you require approximately 200 GB of storage. ■ Every Oracle ASM disk is divided into allocation units (AU). An allocation unit is the fundamental unit of allocation within a disk group. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3), you can select the AU Size value from 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 MB, depending on the specific disk group compatibility level. The default value is set to 1 MB. 7. In the Specify ASM Password screen, enter the SYSASM password required to connect to the Oracle ASM instance. The Oracle ASM instance is managed by a privileged role called SYSASM, which grants full access to Oracle ASM disk groups. Oracle recommends that you create a less privileged user, ASMSNMP, with SYSDBA privileges to monitor the Oracle ASM instance. Enter passwords for the SYS and ASMSNMP user accounts. The passwords should be at least eight characters in length and include at least one alphabetic and one numeric character. Optionally, you can use the same password for all accounts. However, Oracle recommends that you specify a different password for each account. You must remember the passwords that you specify. 8. In the Privileged Operating System Groups screen, select the name of the operating system group you created for the OSDBA group, the OSASM group, and the database operator group OSOPER. If you create only the dba group, then you can use that group for all three privileged groups. If you created a separate asmadmin group, then use that value for the OSASM group. Click Next. 9. In the Specify Installation Location screen, enter the following information, and click Next: ■ Oracle Base: Enter the location for the Oracle base directory. Do not include spaces in the path. ■ Software Location: Accept the default value or enter the directory path in which you want to install the software.The directory path must not contain spaces.. See Also: "Naming Directories" on page D-2 for directory naming conventions 10. If you have not installed Oracle software previously on this server, the Create Inventory screen appears. Change the path for the Inventory Directory, if required. Select oinstall for the oraInventory Group Name, if required. Click Next. Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server 3-20 Oracle Database Installation Guide 11. The Perform Prerequisite Checks screen checks if the minimum system requirements are met to perform the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. If all the system requirements are met, then you are directed to the Summary screen. If an installation fails, you can review the error. If you click Check Again, then you can run the prerequisite check again to see if the minimum requirements are met to carry on with the database installation. Click Fix & Check Again, if you want the installer to fix the problem and check the system requirements again. Note: The Fix & Check Again option generates a script that you must run as the root user. This generated script sets some system parameter values. Oracle recommends that you do not modify the contents of this script. See "Installation Fixup Scripts" on page 2-22 for more information. To get a list of failed requirements, select Show Failed from the list. To get a list of all the prerequisites checks run by the OUI, select Show All. To get a list of the prerequisites checks that are successful, select Show Succeeded. Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution when selecting the Ignore All option. If you select this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm that your system can install Oracle Database successfully. 12. Review the contents of the Summary screen, and click Install. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can click Save Response File to save all the installation steps into a response file. This file can be used for a silent installation. 13. The Install Product screen displays the progress of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. During the installation process, the Execute Configuration Scripts window appears. Do not click OK until you run the scripts mentioned in this screen. Run the root.sh and, if required, the orainstRoot.sh configuration scripts as the root user. 14. The Finish screen displays the installation status. Click Close to end the installation, then click Yes to exit Oracle Universal Installer. If you encounter any problems, see the configuration log for information. The path to the configuration log is displayed on the Configuration Assistants window. 15. Oracle ASMCA is installed as part of the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server installation. To create additional disk groups, run the Oracle ASMCA utility. For example, you can create another disk group named RECOVERY to store the fast recovery area. See Also: ■ "Manually Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups" on page 3-23 ■ "Creating a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group" on page 5-5 Note: To verify that the Oracle High Availability Service is installed properly, run ./crsctl check has command from Grid_home/bin directory. Grid_home is the path to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home for a standalone server. Ohasd is a daemon installed with Oracle Grid Infrastructure that starts software services, such as Oracle ASM. Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-21 16. Install Oracle Database. See "Installing the Oracle Database Software" on page 4-9. Note: ■ If a new database is installed after a grid infrastructure installation, then the listener runs from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. Because Oracle ASM is installed as part of Oracle Grid Infrastructure, the default listener is created and runs from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. If you perform a database installation, then the database must use the same listener created during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. ■ If you are using Oracle Restart, then the default listener and any additional listeners must run from the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. See "Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart" on page G-4 to deconfigure Oracle Restart without removing installed binaries. Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure for an Existing Database Follow the high-level instructions in this section to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure and configure it for an existing Oracle database. Oracle Restart can only manage existing release 11.2 resources and hence you can install Oracle Grid Infrastructure only for an existing release 11.2 database. However, Oracle database releases before 11.2 can coexist on the same server without being managed by Oracle Restart. To install Oracle Grid Infrastructure for an existing database: ■ On the same host computer as the database, use Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle Grid Infrastructure, and select Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server as the installation option. The Oracle Grid Infrastructure components are installed in a separate Oracle home. See "Installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure with a New Database Installation" on page 16 for detailed instructions. ■ Go to the Grid home’s bin directory. Use the srvctl add database command to manually add the database, the listener, the Oracle ASM instance, all Oracle ASM disk groups, and any database services to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure configuration. See Also: "srvctl add database" in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information Modifying Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Binaries 3-22 Oracle Database Installation Guide Modifying Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server Binaries After the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server installation, you must first stop the Oracle Restart stack to modify the software installed in your Grid home. For example, to apply a one-off patch or modify any of the DLLs used by Oracle Restart or Oracle ASM, you must follow these steps to stop and restart the Oracle Restart stack. Caution: Before relinking executables, you must shut down all executables that run in the Oracle home directory that you are relinking. In addition, shut down applications linked with Oracle shared libraries. Prepare the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server home for modification using the following procedure: 1. Log in as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure software owner user and change the directory to the path Grid_home/bin, where Grid_home is the path to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home: $ cd Grid_home/bin 2. Shut down the Oracle Restart stack using the following command: $ crsctl stop has -f 3. After the Oracle Restart stack is shut down, perform the updates to the software installed in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home. 4. Use the following command to restart the Oracle Restart stack: $ crsctl start has Relink Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server using the following procedure: 1. Login as root # cd Grid_home/crs/install # perl roothas.pl -unlock 2. Log in as the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server owner: $ export ORACLE_HOME=Grid_home $ Grid_home/bin/relink 3. Login as root again: # cd Grid_home/rdbms/install/ # ./rootadd_rdbms.sh # cd Grid_home/crs/install # perl roothas.pl -patch You must relink the Oracle Restart and Oracle ASM binaries every time you apply an operating system patch or after an operating system upgrade. See Also: "Deinstalling Previous Release Grid Home" on page 7-4 Testing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation Oracle Grid Infrastructure 3-23 Manually Configuring Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Groups The Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) utility creates a new Oracle Automatic Storage Management instance if there is no Oracle ASM instance currently configured on the computer. After installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure, you can also use Oracle ASMCA to create and configure disk groups, Oracle Oracle ADVM and Oracle ACFS. To create additional disk groups or manually configure Oracle ASM disks, you can run the Oracle ASMCA as follows: $ cd Grid_home/bin $ ./asmca Grid_home is the path to the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home for a standalone server. See Also: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Testing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation To test the Oracle ASM installation, login using the asmcmd command-line utility, which lets you manage Oracle ASM disk group files and directories. To do this: 1. Open a shell window, and temporarily set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to specify the appropriate values for the Oracle ASM instance to use. For example, if the Oracle ASM SID is named +ASM and the Oracle home is located in the grid subdirectory of the ORACLE_BASE directory, then enter the following commands to create the required settings: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_SID=+ASM $ export ORACLE_SID $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid $ export ORACLE_HOME ■ C shell: % setenv ORACLE_SID +ASM % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid 2. Use ASMCMD to list the disk groups for the Oracle ASM instance: $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd lsdg ASMCMD connects by default as the SYS user with SYSASM privileges. If the Oracle ASM instance is not running, you can start the instance with the following: $ORACLE_HOME/bin/asmcmd startup See Also: ■ Oracle Database Utilities for more information about ASMCMD ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Testing the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation 3-24 Oracle Database Installation Guide 4 Installing Oracle Database 4-1 4 Installing Oracle Database The Oracle Database software is available on installation media, or you can download it from the Oracle Technology Network Web site, or the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal. In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install the software. However, you can also use Oracle Universal Installer to complete silent mode installations, without using the GUI. ■ Preinstallation Considerations ■ Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines ■ Accessing the Installation Software ■ Database Security Options ■ Installing the Oracle Database Software ■ Installing Oracle Database Examples See Also: Appendix A for information about silent mode installations Preinstallation Considerations Review the information in Chapter 1, "Overview of Oracle Database Installation" and complete the tasks listed in Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements". Performing Multiple Oracle Database Installations in Response File or Silent Mode If you must perform multiple installations of Oracle Database, you may want to use silent mode or response file mode. In response file mode, at each node, you run Oracle Universal Installer from the command line using a response file. The response file is a text file that contains the settings you typically enter in the Oracle Universal Installer GUI dialog boxes. See Also: Appendix A for information about silent mode installations Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines Review the following guidelines before starting Oracle Universal Installer: ■ Oracle Universal Installer Using Oracle Universal Installer from an earlier Oracle release to install components from this release is no longer allowed. Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines 4-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management In previous releases, Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) was installed as part of the Oracle Database installation. With Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle ASM is part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation, either for a cluster, or for a standalone server. To upgrade an existing Oracle ASM installation, upgrade Oracle ASM by running an Oracle Grid Infrastructure upgrade. If you do not have Oracle ASM installed and you want to use Oracle ASM as your storage option, then you must complete an Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation before you start your Oracle Database installation. See Also: Chapter 3, "Oracle Grid Infrastructure" for information about Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server ■ Installations on a cluster If Oracle Clusterware and Oracle RAC are installed on the system, Oracle Universal Installer displays the Specify Hardware Cluster Installation page. You must select the Local Installation option, unless you want to install Oracle RAC. See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide Selecting the Database Character Set Oracle Database uses the database character set for: ■ Data stored in SQL character datatypes (CHAR, VARCHAR2, CLOB, and LONG). ■ Identifiers such as table names, column names, and PL/SQL variables. ■ Stored SQL and PL/SQL source code, including text literals embedded in this code. After a database is created, changing its character set is usually very expensive in terms of time and resources. Such operations may require converting all character data by exporting the whole database and importing it back. Therefore, it is important that you carefully select the database character set at installation time. Oracle recommends Unicode AL32UTF8 as the database character set. Unicode is the universal character set that supports most of the currently spoken languages of the world. It also supports many historical scripts (alphabets). Unicode is the native encoding of many technologies, including Java, XML, XHTML, ECMAScript, and LDAP. Unicode is ideally suited for databases supporting the Internet and the global economy. Because AL32UTF8 is a multibyte character set, database operations on character data may be slightly slower when compared to single-byte database character sets, such as WE8MSWIN1252. Storage space requirements for text in most languages that use characters outside of the ASCII repertoire are higher in AL32UTF8 compared to legacy character sets supporting the language. The increase in storage space concerns only character data and only data that is not in English. The universality and flexibility of Unicode usually outweighs these additional costs. Consider legacy character sets when compatibility, storage requirements, or performance of text processing is critical and the database supports only a single group of languages. The database character set to be selected in this case is the character set of most clients connecting to this database. Reviewing Component-Specific Installation Guidelines Installing Oracle Database 4-3 The default character set suggested or used by Oracle Universal Installer and Database Configuration Assistant in this release is based on the language configuration of the operating system. For most languages, the default character set is one of the Microsoft Windows character sets, for example WE8MSWIN1252, even though the database is not installed on Windows. This results from the assumption that most clients connecting to the database run under the Microsoft Windows operating system. Because the database should be able to store all characters coming from the clients and Microsoft Windows character sets have a richer character repertoire than the corresponding ISO 8859 character sets, the Microsoft Windows character sets are usually the better choice. For example, the EE8MSWIN1250 character set supports the Euro currency symbol and various smart quote characters, while the corresponding EE8ISO8859P2 character set does not support them. Oracle Database converts the data between the database character set and the client character sets, which are declared by the NLS_LANG settings. The list of database character sets that is presented to you for selection by Oracle Universal Installer contains only the recommended character sets. Even though Oracle Database supports many more character sets, they are either deprecated or they are binary subsets of another recommended character set. For example, WE8DEC is a deprecated character set and US7ASCII and WE8ISO8859P1 are both binary subsets of WE8MSWIN1252. If, for compatibility reasons, you must create a database in one of the character sets that was not recommended, select the Advanced database configuration option. Database Configuration Assistant in the interactive mode gives you the opportunity to select any of the database character sets supported on Linux. Using an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Group This section is optional and describes how to identify disk groups and determine the free disk space that they contain. You can store either database or recovery files in an existing Oracle ASM disk group that you created during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Note: The Oracle ASM instance that manages the existing disk group runs in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home directory. To determine if an existing Oracle ASM disk group exists or to determine if there is sufficient disk space in a disk group, use the following procedure: 1. View the contents of the oratab file to determine if an Oracle ASM instance is configured on the system: # more /etc/oratab If an Oracle ASM instance is configured on the system, then the oratab file contains a line similar to the following: +ASM:oracle_home_path:N In this example, +ASM is the system identifier (SID) of the Oracle ASM instance and oracle_home_path is the Oracle home directory where Oracle ASM is installed. By convention, the SID for an Oracle ASM instance should be +ASM. Accessing the Installation Software 4-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide 2. Open a shell prompt and temporarily set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to specify the appropriate values for the Oracle ASM instance to use. For example, if the Oracle ASM SID is named +ASM and is located in the grid subdirectory of the ORACLE_BASE directory, then enter the following commands to create the required settings: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_SID=+ASM $ export ORACLE_SID $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/ $ export ORACLE_HOME ■ C shell: % setenv ORACLE_SID +ASM % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid 3. Using SQL*Plus, connect to the Oracle ASM instance as the SYS user with SYSASM privilege and start the instance if necessary: # $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus /nolog SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSASM Enter password: SYS_password SQL> STARTUP 4. Enter the following command to view the existing disk groups, their redundancy level, and the amount of free disk space in each one: SQL> SELECT NAME,TYPE,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP; 5. From the output, identify a disk group with the appropriate redundancy level, and note the free space that it contains. 6. If necessary, install or identify the additional disk devices required to meet the storage requirements listed in the previous section. Note: If you are adding devices to an existing disk group, then Oracle recommends that you use devices that have the same size and performance characteristics as the existing devices in that disk group. See Also: "Migrating Existing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Instances" on page 3-5 Accessing the Installation Software The Oracle Database software is available on installation media, or you can download it from the Oracle Technology Network Web site, or the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal. To install the software from the hard disk, you must either download it and unpack it, or copy it from the installation media, if you have it. You can access and install Oracle Database by using one of the following methods: ■ To copy the software to a hard disk, see "Copying the Software to the Hard Disk" on page 4-7 Accessing the Installation Software Installing Oracle Database 4-5 ■ To download the software from Oracle Technology Network, see "Downloading Oracle Software" on page 4-5 Downloading Oracle Software You can download the trial version of the installation files from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) or the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal and extract them on your hard disk. Ensure that you review and understand the terms of the license. Most downloads include the development license. This section contains the following topics: ■ Downloading the Installation Archive Files from OTN ■ Downloading the Software from Oracle Software Delivery Cloud ■ Extracting the Installation Files Downloading the Installation Archive Files from OTN To download the installation archive files from Oracle Technology Network: 1. Use any browser to access the software download page from Oracle Technology Network: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/downloads/index.html 2. Go to the download page for the product to install. 3. On the download page, identify the required disk space by adding the file sizes for each required file. The file sizes are listed next to the file names. 4. Select a file system with enough free space to store and expand the archive files. In most cases, the available disk space must be at least twice the size of all of the archive files. 5. On the file system that you selected in Step 4, create a parent directory for each product, for example OraDB11g, to hold the installation directories. 6. Download all of the installation archive files to the directory that you created in Step 5. 7. Verify that the files you downloaded are the same size as the corresponding files on Oracle Technology Network. 8. Extract the files in each directory that you just created. 9. After you have extracted the required installation files, see "Installing the Oracle Database Software" on page 4-9. Downloading the Software from Oracle Software Delivery Cloud You can download the software from Oracle Software Delivery Cloud as Media Packs. A Media Pack is an electronic version of the software that is also available to Oracle customers on CD-ROM or DVD. To download the Media Pack: 1. Use any browser to access the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal: https://edelivery.oracle.com/ 2. Complete the Export Validation process by entering information (name, company, email address, and country) in the online form. Accessing the Installation Software 4-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide 3. In the Media Pack Search page, specify the Product Pack and Platform to identify the Media Pack you want to download. If you do not know the name of the Product Pack, you can search for it using the License List. 4. In the search results page, click Readme to download and review the Readme file for download instructions and product information. 5. After you review the Readme, choose the appropriate Media Pack from the search results to download the individual zip files. Follow the Download Notes instructions in this page. After you download and extract the contents of the required zip files, proceed with the installation of the software. Note: Print the page with the list of downloadable files. It contains a list of part numbers and their corresponding descriptions that you may refer during the installation process. See Also: Frequently Asked Questions section on the Oracle Software Delivery Cloud portal for more information about Media Packs Extracting the Installation Files To extract the installation archive files, perform the following steps: 1. If necessary, change to the directory that contains the downloaded installation archive files. 2. If the downloaded file has the zip extension, use the following command to extract the content: unzip file_name.zip If the downloaded file has the cpio.gz extension, use the following command: $ gunzip filename.cpio.gz This command creates files with names similar to the following: filename.cpio To extract the installation files, enter a command similar to the following: $ cpio -idcmv < filename.cpio Note: See the download page for information about the correct options to use with the cpio command. Some browsers uncompress files while downloading them, but they leave the .gz file extension. For each file, this command creates a subdirectory named Diskn, where n is the disk number identified in the file name. When you have extracted all of the required installation files, see the "Installing the Oracle Database Software" on page 4-9. Accessing the Installation Software Installing Oracle Database 4-7 Copying the Software to the Hard Disk Before installing Oracle Database, you might want to copy the software to the hard disk to enable the installation process to run faster. Before copying the installation media content to the hard disk, you must mount the disk. The following sections describe how to mount the disk and copy its content to the hard disk. Mounting Disks On most Linux systems, the disk mounts automatically when you insert it into the disk drive. If the disk does not mount automatically, then follow these steps to mount it: 1. If necessary, log in as the root user and enter a command similar to one of the following to eject the currently mounted disk, then remove it from the drive: ■ Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux: # sudo eject /mnt/dvd ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: # eject /media/dvd In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the installation media. 2. Insert the appropriate installation media into the disk drive. 3. To verify if the disk is mounted automatically, enter one of the following commands depending on the platform: ■ Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux: # ls /mnt/dvd ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: # ls /media/dvd 4. Before running the following command, ensure that the /mnt/dvd directory exists on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. If not, create the /mnt/dvd as required, to mount the installation media. If this command fails to display the contents of the installation media, enter a command similar to the following to mount it, depending on the platform: ■ Asianux, Oracle Linux, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux: # mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /mnt/dvd ■ SUSE Linux Enterprise Server: # mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /media/dvd In these examples, /mnt/dvd and /media/dvd are the mount point directories for the installation media. 5. If Oracle Universal Installer displays the Disk Location dialog box, enter the disk mount point directory path, for example: /mnt/dvd To continue, go to one of the following sections: Database Security Options 4-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ To copy software to a hard disk, see "Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk" on page 4-8. ■ To install the software from the installation media, see "Installing the Oracle Database Software" on page 4-9. Copying the Oracle Database Software to a Hard Disk Note: If the system does not have an installation media, you can copy the software from the disk to a file system on another system, then either mount that file system using NFS or use FTP to copy the files to the system where you want to install the software. To copy the contents of the installation media to a hard disk: 1. Create a directory on the hard disk, outside of the Oracle base directory, to hold the Oracle software: $ mkdir OraDb11g 2. Change the directory to the directory you created in Step 1: $ cd OraDb11g 3. Mount the disk, if it is not mounted. Some platforms automatically mount the disk when you insert it into the drive. If the disk does not mount automatically, see the "Mounting Disks" section on page 4-7 for platform-specific information. 4. Copy the contents of the mounted disk to the corresponding new subdirectory as follows: $ cp -R /directory_path OraDb11g In this example, /directory_path is the disk mount point directory. 5. If necessary, mount the next disk and repeat Step 4. Database Security Options During installation, you are prompted to select a database security configuration. The Secure Configuration option configures the database with database auditing options, and password policy and expiration settings. For new database installations, the default configuration for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) includes the Secure Configuration option. To disable these enhanced security controls you can deselect the Assert all new security settings check box in the Specify Configuration Option screen that appears during the database installation. Oracle Database is then installed with default options for Oracle Database 10g Release 2. You can enable or disable auditing or password security settings, or revert to a previous security setting. After installation, you can enable or disable the security configuration by starting Database Configuration Assistant through the command-line interface. To enable the security configuration: dbca -silent -configureDatabase -sourceDB SID -disableSecurityConfiguration NONE -enableSecurityConfiguration true Installing the Oracle Database Software Installing Oracle Database 4-9 To disable the security configuration: dbca -silent -configureDatabase -sourceDB SID -disableSecurityConfiguration [ALL|PASSWORD_PROFILE] -enableSecurityConfiguration false SID is the system identifier. For database upgrades, the upgraded database retains your existing database security configuration to ensure compatibility with existing applications. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), the Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux) feature is supported for Oracle Linux 4, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4, Oracle Linux 5, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5. Note: ■ Oracle recommends configuring your database with the Secure Configuration option either during installation or after installation using Database Configuration Assistant. ■ Database Vault is an enhanced security feature. If it is installed with the database, then you cannot change the secure configuration using the Database Configuration Assistant option. Installing the Oracle Database Software In most cases, you use the graphical user interface (GUI) provided by Oracle Universal Installer to install Oracle Database. The instructions in this section explain how to run the Oracle Universal Installer GUI to perform most database installations. Note: ■ If you plan to use Oracle Restart or Oracle ASM, then you must install Oracle Grid Infrastructure before you install and create the database. Otherwise, you must manually register the database with Oracle Restart. For information about installing Oracle Grid Infrastructure, see "Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server" on page 3-16. ■ You may have to shut down existing Oracle processes before you start the database installation. See "Stopping Existing Oracle Processes" on page 2-45. ■ To install Oracle Database by using the silent or response file installation method, without the GUI, see Appendix A. This method is useful to perform multiple installations of Oracle Database. This appendix also describes other advanced installation topics. Running Oracle Universal Installer For any type of installation process, start Oracle Universal Installer and install the software, as follows: 1. Logon as the Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle) to the computer on which you want to install Oracle components. Installing the Oracle Database Software 4-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide 2. If you are installing the software from installation media, mount the disk if it is not mounted. If the disk does not mount automatically, see the "Mounting Disks" section on page 4-7 for platform-specific information. Some platforms automatically mount the disk when you insert the installation media into the drive. 3. To start Oracle Universal Installer, complete one of the following steps depending on the location of the installation files: Note: Start Oracle Universal Installer from the terminal session where you logged in as the oracle user and set the user’s environment. See Also: "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 ■ If the installation files are on installation media, enter commands similar to the following, where directory_path is the path of the database directory on the installation media: $ /directory_path/runInstaller ■ If the installation files are on the hard disk, change the directory to the database directory and enter the following command: $ ./runInstaller ■ Downloading Updates Before Installation Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), if you plan to run the installation in a secured data center, then you can download updates before starting the installation by starting Oracle Universal Installer on a system that has Internet access in update download mode. To start Oracle Universal Installer to download the updates, enter the following command: $ ./runInstaller -downloadUpdates Provide the My Oracle Support user name and password, and provide proxy settings, if needed, in the Provide My Oracle Support credentials screen. Then, enter the Download location and click Download in the Download software updates screen. If updates are available, then they are downloaded in the location provided. The Finish Updates screen shows the successful download of the updates. Click Close. After you download the updates, transfer the update file to a directory on the server where you plan to run the installation. See Also: ■ Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for more information about response file formats ■ "Software Updates Option" on page 1-10 If Oracle Universal Installer is not displayed, see "X Window Display Errors" on page G-2 and "Remote Terminal Installation Error" on page G-2 for information about troubleshooting. Installing the Oracle Database Software Installing Oracle Database 4-11 4. Use the following guidelines to complete the installation: ■ Do not install Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) software into an existing Oracle home. ■ Follow the instructions displayed on the Oracle Universal Installer screens. If you need additional information, click Help. See Also: "Reviewing Accounts and Passwords" on page 6-5 for information about password guidelines ■ Do not modify the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) except by using a patch provided by Oracle Support Services. Oracle Universal Installer automatically installs the Oracle-supplied version of the JRE. This version is required to run Oracle Universal Installer and several Oracle assistants. ■ If errors are displayed while installing the software, see Appendix G for information about troubleshooting. ■ If you chose an installation type that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode, then you must provide detailed information about configuring the database and network. If you need help when using the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode, click Help on any screen. Note: If you chose a default installation, Oracle Database Configuration Assistant does not run interactively. 5. When the configuration assistant tasks are complete click finish, click Exit, then click Yes to exit from Oracle Universal Installer. 6. During the database installation, when Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to run a script with root privileges, enter a command similar to the following in a terminal where you are logged in as the root user, then click OK: # /script_path/script_name For more information see screen "Install product" in the installation table that follows. 7. See Chapter 5 for information about tasks that you must complete after you install Oracle Database. The following table lists the various screens displayed during an Enterprise Edition installation for Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2): Screen Action Configure Security Updates Enter your email address, preferably your My Oracle Support email address or user name in the Email field. Select the I wish to receive security updates via My Oracle Support check box to receive security updates. Enter your My Oracle Support password in the My Oracle Support Password field. Click Next. Installing the Oracle Database Software 4-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Download Software Updates Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2), you can use the Software Updates feature to dynamically download and apply the latest updates. Select one of the following options, and click Next: ■ Use My Oracle Support credentials for download: Select this option to download and apply the latest software updates. Click Proxy Settings to configure a proxy for Oracle Universal Installer to use to connect to the Internet. Provide the proxy server information for your site and a user account that has access to the local area network through which the server is connecting. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) you can enter the Proxy Realm information. The proxy realm information is case-sensitive. If you do not have a proxy realm, then you do not have to provide an entry for the Proxy Username, Proxy Password, and Proxy Realm fields. Click Test Connection to ensure that your proxy settings are correctly entered, and the installer can download the updates. ■ Use pre-downloaded software updates: Select this option to apply the software updates previously downloaded using the -downloadUpdates flag. ■ Skip software updates: Select this option if you do not want to apply any updates. See Also: "Software Updates Option" on page 1-10 Apply Software Updates This screen is displayed if you select to download the software updates, or provide the pre-downloaded software updates location. ■ If you selected Use My Oracle Support credentials for download in the previous screen, select Download and apply all updates, and then click Next to apply the updates. By default, the download location for software updates is placed in the home directory of the Oracle installation owner you are using to run this installation. If you choose to download the software updates in another location, then click Browse and select a different location on your server. ■ If you selected Use pre-downloaded software updates in the previous screen, select Apply all updates, and then click Next to apply the updates downloaded before starting the installation. Select Installation Option Select one of the following installation options, and click Next: ■ Create and configure a database: This option creates a new database with sample schemas. ■ Install database software only: This option only installs the database binaries. To configure the database, you must run Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the software installation. ■ Upgrade an existing database: This option installs the software binaries in a new Oracle home. After the installation, you can upgrade the existing database. Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software Installing Oracle Database 4-13 System Class Select the type of system for installing the database, and click Next. ■ Desktop Class: Select this option if you are installing on a laptop or desktop class system. This option includes a starter database and enables a minimal configuration. This option is designed for those who want to get the database running quickly. See Also: "Setting the ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable" on page 2-24 ■ Server Class: Select this option if you are installing on a server class system, such as what you would use when deploying Oracle Database in a production data center. This option provides more advanced configuration options. Advanced configuration options available using this option include Oracle RAC, Oracle ASM, backup and recovery configuration, integration with Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control, and more fine-grained memory tuning, among many others. Grid Installation Options Select the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next. ■ Single instance database installation: This option installs the database and the listener. ■ Oracle Real Application Clusters database installation: This option installs Oracle Real Application Clusters. ■ Oracle RAC One Node database installation: This option installs the Oracle RAC One Node database. Note: Oracle RAC One Node is only supported with Oracle Clusterware. Select Install Type Select one of the following, and click Next: ■ Typical Install: This installation method is selected by default. It lets you quickly install Oracle Database using minimal input. It installs the software and optionally creates a general-purpose database using the information that you specify on this screen. ■ Advanced Install: This installation method enables you to perform more complex installations, such as creating individual passwords for different accounts, creating specific types of starter databases (for example, for transaction processing or data warehouse systems), using different language groups, specifying email notifications, and so on. Select Product Languages This option enables you to select the language in which you want to run the product. Select the product language from the Available Languages list, and move it to the Selected Languages list. Click Next. Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software 4-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide Select Database Edition Select Enterprise Edition, Standard Edition, or Standard Edition One. Click Next. If you click Select Options, then based on your selection you can enable or disable components from the components list. This screen enables you to customize the database. The components available in this screen are: ■ Oracle Partitioning ■ Oracle OLAP ■ Oracle Label Security ■ Oracle Data Mining RDBMS Files ■ Oracle Database Vault option ■ Oracle Real Application Testing Click OK to continue. Note: The Select Options button is enabled only if you select the Enterprise Edition installation type. Specify Installation Location The Oracle base path appears by default. You can change this path based on your requirement. Specify Oracle Base, Software Location, and click Next. The Oracle base directory is a top-level directory for Oracle software installations owned by an Oracle installation owner account. The default Oracle base path is mountpoint/app/user, where user is the user account running the installation. You can change the path based on your requirements. In the Software Location field, accept the default value or enter the Oracle home directory path in which you want to install Oracle software. The directory path must not contain spaces. Click Next. Note: This screen is available only with Advanced Installation. Ensure that the Oracle home path for the database home and the Oracle base path use only ASCII characters. At the time of this release, the use of non-ASCII characters for an Oracle database home or Oracle base is not supported. See Also: "Naming Directories" on page D-2 for information about directory naming conventions Create Inventory You are prompted by the installer to specify the Inventory Directory path for the central inventory the first time you install any Oracle software on your computer. Select the oraInventory Group Name of the operating system group that will own the Oracle Inventory directory (the Oracle Inventory group). Click Next. Note: By default, the Oracle Inventory directory is not installed under the Oracle Base directory. This is because all Oracle software installations share a common Oracle Inventory, so there is only one Oracle Inventory for all users, whereas there is a separate Oracle Base directory for each user. Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software Installing Oracle Database 4-15 Select Configuration Type Select one of the following, and click Next: ■ General Purpose / Transaction Processing: This is a starter database designed for general usage or transaction-heavy applications. ■ Data Warehousing: A starter database optimized to run Data Warehousing applications. See the online help provided by either Oracle Universal Installer or Oracle Database Configuration Assistant for a description of these preconfigured database types. Specify Database Identifiers Provide the following information, and click Next: Database Naming Provide the Global Database Name using the following syntax: db_unique_name.db_domain ■ db_unique_name is the name of the database. It can contain a maximum of 30 characters if the first 8 characters are unique and begin with an alphabetic character. The characters can include alphanumeric, underscore (_), dollar sign ($), and pound sign (#), no other special characters are permitted in a database name. ■ db_domain is the computer environment used for the database. It can contain no more than 128 characters (alphanumeric, underscore (_), and pound sign (#)), inclusive of all periods. Note: Ensure that the combination of database name (first 8 unique characters of the unique name for the database), delimiter, and the database domain name does not exceed 128 characters. For example: sales.us.example.com ■ db_unique_name is sales ■ db_domain is us.example.com When you enter the Global Database Name, Oracle Universal Installer automatically populates the SID prefix with the database name. You can change this name in Advanced Installation. Oracle Universal Installer limits the SID to 12 alphanumeric characters and the SID cannot contain an underscore (_), dollar sign ( $), or pound sign (#). See "Setting the ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable" on page 2-24 and "Identifying Databases" on page 6-10 Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software 4-16 Oracle Database Installation Guide Specify Configuration Options Provide the following configuration information, and click Next: Memory: The Enable Automatic Memory Management option is selected by default. This option enables the database to automatically distribute memory between SGA and PGA. If you deselect this option, then the SGA and PGA must be sized manually. Character Sets: This option enables you to store the character data in the database in one of the following methods: ■ Use the default: This option uses the operating system language settings. ■ Use Unicode: This option enables you to store multiple language groups ■ Choose from the following list of character sets: This option enables the Select Database Character Set drop down list. See Also: ■ "Selecting the Database Character Set" on page 4-2 ■ Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about choosing a character set Security: The Assert all new security settings option is selected by default. This setting includes enabling auditing and using new password profile. Note: Oracle recommends that you use the default settings. Sample Schemas: The Create database with sample schemas option is not selected by default. You can select this option, to create a starter database with sample schemas. Specify Management Options Select one of the following options, and click Next: ■ Use an existing Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control for database management: This option is useful if you have Oracle Enterprise Manager installed. ■ Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control for database management: This option enables you to manage Oracle Database locally. Optionally, select Enable Email Notifications and enter the outgoing SMTP server and e-mail address. See Also: "E-mail Notification Options" on page 1-18 Note: The Enable Email Notifications option is not available starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.2). Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software Installing Oracle Database 4-17 Specify Database Storage Options Select one of the following options, and click Next. ■ File System: Specify the database file location. ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management: Specify a password for the ASMSNMP user. Note: Installing Oracle data files on an Oracle ACFS file system is not supported. Oracle recommends that these data files are installed in Oracle ASM disk groups. See Also: "Using an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Disk Group" on page 4-3 Specify Recovery Options Select one of the following options, and click Next. ■ Do not enable automated backups ■ Enable automated backups: If you select this option, then the backup job uses a specified recovery area storage. Select File System to use a file system directory for the fast recovery area, and then specify the fast recovery area path in the Recovery Area location field. Select Oracle Automatic Storage Management to use an Automatic Storage Management disk group for the fast recovery area. Specify your operating system user credentials to perform the backup job. See Also: "Preparing Disks for an Oracle Automatic Storage Management Installation" on page 3-6 Select ASM Disk Group This screen is displayed only if you select Oracle Automatic Storage Management as your storage option in the Specify Storage Option screen. Disk groups are created during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Disk groups are configured with the SYSASM privilege using asmcmd or SQL create diskgroup commands. An ASM disk group consists of multiple disk partitions. The table in this screen displays existing disk groups created during the Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation. Select the disk group to use for database file storage. Specify Schema Passwords Enter and confirm passwords for the privileged database accounts, and click Next. Note: Optionally, you can use the same password for all accounts. However, Oracle recommends that you specify a different password for each account. You must remember the passwords that you specify. See Also: "Unlocking and Changing Passwords" on page 6-9 for information about password guidelines Privileged Operating System Groups The operating system groups are selected by default. You can also manually select the OSDBA and OSOPER groups. Click Next. See Also: "Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users" on page 2-25 for more information. Screen Action Installing the Oracle Database Software 4-18 Oracle Database Installation Guide Perform Prerequisite Checks This option verifies that the minimum system requirements to perform the database installation are met. If you click Check Again, then you can run the prerequisite check again to see if the minimum requirements are met to carry on with the database installation. Click Fix & Check Again, if you want the installer to fix the problem and verify the system requirements again. Note: The Fix & Check Again option generates a script that you must run as the root user. This generated script sets some system parameters to Oracle-recommended values. Oracle recommends that you do not modify the contents of this script. See Also: "Installation Fixup Scripts" on page 2-22 for more information. To get a list of failed requirements, select ShowFailed from the list. To get a list of all the prerequirement checks run by the OUI, select Show All. To get a list of the prerequirement checks that are successful, select Show Succeeded. Note: Oracle recommends that you use caution when selecting the Ignore All option. If you select this option, then Oracle Universal Installer may not confirm that your system can install Oracle Database successfully. See Also: Chapter 2, "Oracle Database Preinstallation Requirements" Summary Review the information displayed on this screen, and click Install. Note: Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can save all the installation steps into a response file by clicking Save Response File. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation. Install Product This screen displays the progress of a database installation. After the database is installed, you are prompted to execute a root configuration script for new inventory as the root user. Click Next. This screen then displays the status information for the configuration assistants that configure the software and create a database. A message is displayed at the end of the Database Configuration Assistant process. Click OK. Execute the root.sh script as the root user to complete the installation, and click OK. See Also: Oracle Database 2 Day DBA for information about Oracle Database Configuration Assistant Finish This screen is shown automatically when all the configuration tools are successful. Review the Enterprise Manager Database Control URL information displayed in this screen and click Close. Screen Action Caution: After installation is complete, do not manually remove or run cron jobs that remove /tmp/.oracle or /var/tmp/.oracle directories or their files while Oracle software is running. If you remove these files, then the Oracle software can intermittently stop responding. Oracle Restart installations fail with the following error: CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon. Installing Oracle Database Examples Installing Oracle Database 4-19 Installing Oracle Database Examples If you plan to use the following products or features, then download and install the products from the Oracle Database Examples media: ■ Oracle JDBC Development Drivers ■ Oracle Database Examples ■ Oracle Text Knowledge Base ■ Various Oracle product demonstrations For information about installing software and various Oracle product demonstrations from the Oracle Database Examples media, see Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide. Installing Oracle Database Examples 4-20 Oracle Database Installation Guide 5 Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-1 5Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks This chapter describes tasks that you must perform after you have installed the database software. It includes information about the following topics: ■ Required Postinstallation Tasks ■ Recommended Postinstallation Tasks ■ Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks ■ Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer You must perform the tasks listed in "Required Postinstallation Tasks" on page 5-1. Oracle recommends that you perform the tasks listed in "Recommended Postinstallation Tasks" on page 5-2 after all installations. If you install and intend to use any of the products listed in "Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks" on page 5-7, then you must perform the tasks listed in the product-specific sections. Note: This chapter describes basic configuration only. See Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems, Oracle Database Administrator's Guide and product-specific administration and tuning guides for more detailed configuration and tuning information. See Also: "Post-installation Database Configuration" section in Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide Required Postinstallation Tasks Perform the following task after completing the Oracle Database installation: Downloading and Installing Patches Check the My Oracle Support Web site for required patch updates for your installation. Note: Browsers require an Adobe Flash plug-in, version 9.0.115 or higher, to use My Oracle Support. Check your browser for the correct version of the Flash plug-in by going to the Adobe Flash checker page, and installing the latest version of Adobe Flash. If you do not have Flash installed, then download the latest version of the Flash Player from the Adobe Web site: http://www.adobe.com/go/getflashplayer Recommended Postinstallation Tasks 5-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide To download required patches: 1. Use a Web browser to view the My Oracle Support Web site: https://support.oracle.com/ 2. Log in to My Oracle Support. Note: If you are not a My Oracle Support registered user, click Register for My Oracle Support and follow the registration instructions. 3. On the main My Oracle Support page, click Patches and Updates. 4. In the Patch & Updates page, click Advanced Search. 5. On the Advanced Search page, click the search icon next to the Product or Product Family field. 6. In the Search and Select: Product Family field, select Database and Tools in the Search list field, enter RDBMS Server in the text field, and click Go. RDBMS Server appears in the Product or Product Family field. The current release appears in the Release field. 7. Select your platform from the list in the Platform field, and at the bottom of the selection list, click Go. 8. Any available patch updates are displayed under the Results heading. 9. Click the patch number to download the patch. 10. On the Patch Set page, click View README and read the page that appears. The README page contains information about the patch set and how to apply the patches to your installation. 11. Return to the Patch Set page, click Download, and save the file on your system. 12. Use the unzip utility provided with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) to uncompress the Oracle patch updates that you downloaded from My Oracle Support. The unzip utility is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. Recommended Postinstallation Tasks Oracle recommends that you perform the tasks described in the following section after completing an installation: ■ Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script ■ Configuring New or Upgraded Databases Recommended Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-3 ■ Creating and Configuring Additional Operating System Accounts ■ Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable ■ Generating the Client Static Library ■ Guidelines for Setting Semaphore Parameters ■ Creating a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group ■ Enabling and Disabling Database Options Creating a Backup of the root.sh Script Oracle recommends that you back up the root.sh script after you complete an installation. If you install other products in the same Oracle home directory, then Oracle Universal Installer updates the contents of the existing root.sh script during the installation. If you require information contained in the original root.sh script, then you can recover it from the backed up root.sh file. Configuring New or Upgraded Databases Oracle recommends that you run the utlrp.sql script after creating or upgrading a database. This script recompiles all PL/SQL modules that might be in an invalid state, including packages, procedures, and types. This is an optional step but Oracle recommends that you do it during installation and not at a later date. See Also: Oracle Database Upgrade Guide To run the utlrp.sql script, follow these steps: 1. Switch the user to oracle. 2. Use the oraenv or coraenv script to set the environment for the database where you want to run the utlrp.sql script: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ . /usr/local/bin/oraenv ■ C shell: % source /usr/local/bin/coraenv When prompted, provide the SID for the database. 3. Start SQL*Plus, as follows: $ sqlplus / AS SYSDBA 4. Start the database in restricted mode and run the utlrp.sql script: SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql Creating and Configuring Additional Operating System Accounts If required, create additional operating system accounts. Users must be members of the OSDBA or OSOPER groups to connect to the database with administrator privileges. Recommended Postinstallation Tasks 5-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide Configuring the Accounts of Oracle Users Update the startup files of the oracle user and the operating system accounts of Oracle users, specifying the appropriate environment variables in the environment file. For the Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell, add the environment variables to the .profile file, or the .bash_profile file for the Bash shell on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. For the C shell, add the environment variables to the .login file. Note: You can use the oraenv or coraenv script to ensure that Oracle user accounts are updated. Setting the NLS_LANG Environment Variable NLS_LANG is an environment variable that specifies the locale behavior for Oracle software. This variable sets the language and territory used by the client application and the database server. It also declares the character set of the client, which is the character set of data entered or displayed by an Oracle client program, such as SQL*Plus. See Also: Appendix F, "Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support" for more information about the NLS_LANG environment variable Generating the Client Static Library The client static library (libclntst11.a) is not generated during installation. To link the applications to the client static library, you must first generate it as follows: 1. Switch the user to oracle. 2. Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the Oracle home directory used by the Oracle Database installation, for example: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 $ export ORACLE_HOME ■ C shell: % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 3. Enter the following command: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/genclntst Guidelines for Setting Semaphore Parameters Use the following guidelines only if the default semaphore parameter values are too low to accommodate all Oracle processes: Note: Oracle recommends that you see the operating system documentation for more information about setting semaphore parameters. Recommended Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-5 1. Calculate the minimum total semaphore requirements using the following formula: sum (process parameters of all database instances on the system) + overhead for background processes + system and other application requirements 2. Set semmns (total semaphores systemwide) to this total. 3. Set semmsl (semaphores per set) to 250. 4. Set semmni (total semaphores sets) to semmns/semmsl rounded up to the nearest multiple of 1024. Creating a Fast Recovery Area Disk Group During installation, by default you can create one disk group. If you plan to add an Oracle Database for a standalone server, then you should create the fast recovery area for database files. About the Fast Recovery Area and the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group The fast recovery area is a unified storage location for all Oracle Database files related to recovery. Database administrators can define the DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST parameter to the path for the fast recovery area to enable on-disk backups and rapid recovery of data. Enabling rapid backups for recent data can reduce requests to system administrators to retrieve backup tapes for recovery operations. When you enable fast recovery in the init.ora file, Oracle Database writes all RMAN backups, archive logs, control file automatic backups, and database copies to the fast recovery area. RMAN automatically manages files in the fast recovery area by deleting obsolete backups and archiving files no longer required for recovery. Oracle recommends that you create a fast recovery area disk group. Oracle Clusterware files and Oracle Database files can be placed on the same disk group, and you can also place fast recovery files in the same disk group. However, Oracle recommends that you create a separate fast recovery disk group to reduce storage device contention. The fast recovery area is enabled by setting the DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST parameter. The size of the fast recovery area is set with DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE. As a general rule, the larger the fast recovery area, the more useful it becomes. For ease of use, Oracle recommends that you create a fast recovery area disk group on storage devices that can contain at least three days of recovery information. Ideally, the fast recovery area is large enough to hold a copy of all of your data files and control files, the online redo logs, and the archived redo log files needed to recover your database using the data file backups kept under your retention policy. Multiple databases can use the same fast recovery area. For example, assume you have created a fast recovery area disk group on disks with 150 GB of storage, shared by 3 different databases. You can set the size of the fast recovery for each database depending on the importance of each database. For example, if database1 is your least important database, database2 is of greater importance and database3 is of greatest importance, then you can set different DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE settings for each database to meet your retention target for each database: 30 GB for database1, 50 GB for database2, and 70 GB for database3. Recommended Postinstallation Tasks 5-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Creating the Fast Recovery Area Disk Group To create a fast recovery file disk group: 1. Go to the Grid home bin directory, and start ASM Configuration Assistant (ASMCA), for example: $ cd /u01/grid/bin $ ./asmca 2. ASMCA opens at the Disk Groups tab. Click Create to create a new disk group. 3. The Create Disk Groups window opens. In the Disk Group Name field, enter a descriptive name for the fast recovery area group. For example: FRA. In the Redundancy section, select the level of redundancy you want to use. In the Select Member Disks field, select eligible disks to be added to the fast recovery area, and click OK. 4. The Diskgroup Creation window opens to inform you when disk group creation is complete. Click OK. 5. Click Exit. See Also: ■ "Setting the Fast Recovery Area Location and Initial Size" section in Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide Enabling and Disabling Database Options When you install Oracle Database, some options are enabled and others are disabled. To enable or disable a particular database feature for an Oracle home, shut down the database and use the chopt tool. See Example 5–1. The chopt tool is a command-line utility that is located in the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. The syntax for chopt is: chopt [ enable | disable] db_option The possible values for db_option are described in the following table: Value Description dm Oracle Data Mining RDBMS Files dv Oracle Database Vault lbac Oracle Label Security olap Oracle OLAP partitioning Oracle Partitioning rat Oracle Real Application Testing ode_net Oracle Database Extensions for .NET 1.x ode_net_2 Oracle Database Extensions for .NET 2.0 Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-7 Example 5–1 Complete Example of Running the Chopt Tool To enable the Oracle Label Security option in your Oracle binary files, use the following command: cd %ORACLE_HOME% srvctl stop database -d myDb chopt enable lbac srvctl start database -d myDb Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks The following sections describe product-specific postinstallation tasks that you must perform if you install and intend to use the products mentioned: ■ Configuring Oracle Net Services ■ Configuring Oracle Label Security ■ Configuring Oracle Database Vault ■ Configuring Oracle Messaging Gateway ■ Configuring Oracle Precompilers ■ Configuring Secure Sockets Layer ■ Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases ■ Configuring or Reinstalling Oracle XML DB ■ Configuring and Using Direct NFS Client Note: You need only perform postinstallation tasks for products that you intend to use. Configuring Oracle Net Services If you have an earlier release of Oracle software installed on this system, you might want to copy information from the Oracle Net tnsnames.ora and listener.ora configuration files from the earlier release to the corresponding files for the new release. The following sections describe about how to configure the Oracle Net Services: ■ Modifying the listener.ora File ■ Modifying the tnsnames.ora File Note: The default location for the tnsnames.ora and listener.ora files is the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/ directory. However, you can also use a central location for these files. Modifying the listener.ora File If you are upgrading from a previous release of Oracle Database, Oracle recommends that you use the current release of Oracle Net listener instead of the listener from the previous release. If you have referenced the previous Oracle home directory names in the static listener information, then these directory names must be modified before the listener.ora file can be used in the 11.2 environment. Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks 5-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide To use the listener from the current release, copy the static service information from the listener.ora file from the previous release to the version of that file used by the new release. For any database instances earlier than release 8.0.3, add static service information to the listener.ora file. Oracle Database releases later than release 8.0.3 do not require static service information. Modifying the tnsnames.ora File Unless you are using a central tnsnames.ora file, copy Oracle Net Services names and connect descriptors from the earlier release tnsnames.ora file to the version of that file used by the new release. If necessary, you can also add connection information for additional database instances to the new file. Configuring Oracle Label Security If you installed Oracle Label Security, you must configure it in a database before you use it. You can configure Oracle Label Security in two ways; with Oracle Internet Directory integration and without Oracle Internet Directory integration. If you configure Oracle Label Security without Oracle Internet Directory integration, you cannot configure it to use Oracle Internet Directory at a later stage. Note: To configure Oracle Label Security with Oracle Internet Directory integration, Oracle Internet Directory must be installed in your environment and the Oracle database must be registered in the directory. See Also: Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide for more information about Oracle Label Security enabled with Oracle Internet Directory Configuring Oracle Database Vault If you install Oracle Database Vault, then you must register it in a database. Ensure that you create the Database Vault Owner and, optionally, Database Vault Account Manager administrative accounts before you can use it. See Also: Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide for information about registering Oracle Database Vault Configuring Oracle Messaging Gateway To configure Oracle Messaging Gateway, see the section about Messaging Gateway in Oracle Streams Advanced Queuing User's Guide. When following the instructions listed in that guide, see this section for additional instructions about configuring the listener.ora, tnsnames.ora, and mgw.ora files. Modifying the listener.ora File for External Procedures To modify the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora file for external procedures: 1. Back up the listener.ora file. Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-9 2. Ensure that the default IPC protocol address for external procedures is set as follows: (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC)) 3. Add static service information for a service called mgwextproc by adding lines similar to the following to the SID_LIST parameter for the listener in the listener.ora file: (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = mgwextproc) (ENVS = "LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/oracle_home/jdk/jre/lib/i386:/oracle_ home/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server:/oracle_home/lib") (ORACLE_HOME = oracle_home) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) In this example: ■ The ENVS parameter defines the shared library path environment variable and any other required environment variables. In the settings for the shared library path environment variable, you must also add any additional library paths required for non-Oracle messaging systems, for example, WebSphere MQ or TIBCO Rendezvous. ■ oracle_home is the path of the Oracle home directory ■ extproc is the external procedure agent executable file The following example shows a sample listener.ora file: SID_LIST_LISTENER = (SID_LIST = (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc) (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) (SID_DESC = (SID_NAME = mgwextproc) (ENVS = "LD_LIBRARY_PATH =/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_ 1/jdk/jre/lib/i386:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_ 1/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/lib") (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) (PROGRAM = extproc) ) ) Modifying the tnsnames.ora File for External Procedures To modify the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora file for external procedures: 1. Back up the tnsnames.ora file. 2. In the tnsnames.ora file, add a connect descriptor with the net service name MGW_ AGENT, as follows: MGW_AGENT = (DESCRIPTION= (ADDRESS_LIST= (ADDRESS= (PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC))) (CONNECT_DATA= (SID=mgwextproc))) Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks 5-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide In this example: ■ The value specified for the KEY parameter must match the value specified for that parameter in the IPC protocol address in the listener.ora file. ■ The value of the SID parameter must match the net service name in the listener.ora file that you specified for the Oracle Messaging Gateway external procedure agent in the previous section (mgwextproc). Setting Up the mgw.ora Initialization File To modify the $ORACLE_HOME/mgw/admin/mgw.ora file for external procedures, set the CLASSPATH environment variable to include the classes in the following table and any additional classes required for Oracle Messaging Gateway to access non-Oracle messaging systems, for example WebSphere MQ or TIBCO Rendezvous classes: Classes Path JRE runtime $ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/rt.jar Oracle JDBC $ORACLE_HOME/jdbc/lib/ojdbc5.jar Oracle internationalization $ORACLE_HOME/jlib/orai18n.jar SQLJ $ORACLE_HOME/sqlj/lib/runtime12.jar JMS Interface $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib/jmscommon.jar Oracle JMS implementation $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib/aqapi.jar Java Transaction API $ORACLE_HOME/jlib/jta.jar Note: All the lines in the mgw.ora file must have fewer than 1024 characters. Configuring Oracle Precompilers This section describes postinstallation tasks for Oracle precompilers: ■ Configuring Pro*C/C++ ■ Configuring Pro*FORTRAN Note: All precompiler configuration files are located in the $ORACLE_HOME/precomp/admin directory. Configuring Pro*C/C++ Verify that the PATH environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the C compiler executable. Table 5–1 shows the default directories and the appropriate command to verify the path setting of the compiler. Table 5–1 C/C++ Compiler Directory Path Command /usr/bin $ which gcc Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-11 Configuring Pro*FORTRAN Verify that the PATH environment variable setting includes the directory that contains the FORTRAN compiler executable. You can verify the path setting by using the which xlf command. The path for the FORTRAN executable is /usr/bin. Configuring Secure Sockets Layer Oracle recommends that you configure and use a Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) to ensure that passwords and other sensitive data are not transmitted in clear text in HTTP requests. See Also: ■ "Using SSL" and "Enabling SSL" in Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide for more information about configuring and using SSL ■ "SSL Usage Issues" in Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide Installing Oracle Text Supplied Knowledge Bases An Oracle Text knowledge base is a hierarchical tree of concepts used for theme indexing, ABOUT queries, and deriving themes for document services. If you plan to use any of these Oracle Text features, then you can install two supplied knowledge bases (English and French). See Also: ■ Oracle Database Examples Installation Guide ■ Oracle Text Reference for information about creating and extending knowledge bases, such as extending the supplied knowledge bases to accommodate your requirements, or creating your own knowledge bases in languages other than English and French Configuring or Reinstalling Oracle XML DB See Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide for more information about the following tasks: ■ Reinstalling Oracle XML DB ■ Configuring or customizing the Oracle XML DB tablespace ■ Configuring FTP, HTTP/WebDAV port numbers See Also: Appendix A of Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide Configuring and Using Direct NFS Client Many Oracle products and options must be configured before you use them for the first time. Before using individual Oracle products or options, see the appropriate guide in the product documentation library. /opt/intel_cce_80/bin/icc $ which icc Table 5–1 (Cont.) C/C++ Compiler Directory Path Command See Also: ■ Chapter 4, "Configuration Tasks When Installing from the Database" in Oracle Application Express Installation Guide ■ Appendix C, "Using NAS Devices" Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks 5-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Direct NFS Client With Oracle Database 11g, instead of using the operating system kernel NFS client, you can configure Oracle Database to access NFS V3 servers directly using an Oracle internal Direct NFS client. If Oracle Database cannot open an NFS server using Direct NFS, then Oracle Database uses the platform operating system kernel NFS client. In this case, the kernel NFS mount options must be set up as defined in "Checking NFS Buffer Size Parameters" on page 5-14. Additionally, an informational message is logged in the Oracle alert and trace files indicating that Direct NFS could not be established. The Oracle files available on the NFS server that are served by the Direct NFS Client are also accessible through the operating system kernel NFS client. The usual considerations for maintaining integrity of the Oracle files apply in this situation. Some NFS file servers require NFS clients to connect using reserved ports. If your filer is running with reserved port checking, then you must disable it for Direct NFS to operate. To disable reserved port checking, see your NFS file server documentation. Direct NFS may require up to four network paths defined for an NFS server. The Direct NFS client performs load balancing across all specified paths. If a specified path fails, then Direct NFS reissues I/O commands over any remaining paths. The following sections elaborate on enabling, disabling, checking the buffer size for a Direct NFS Client: ■ Enabling a Direct NFS Client ■ Disabling Direct NFS Client ■ Checking NFS Buffer Size Parameters Enabling a Direct NFS Client By default Direct NFS serves mount entries found in /etc/mtab. No other configuration is required. You can use oranfstab to specify additional Oracle Database specific options to Direct NFS. For example, you can use oranfstab to specify additional paths for a mount point. A new Oracle Database specific file oranfstab can be added to either /etc or to $ORACLE_HOME/dbs. When oranfstab is placed in $ORACLE_HOME/dbs, its entries are specific to a single database. However, when oranfstab is placed in /etc, then it is global to all Oracle databases, and hence can contain mount points for all Oracle databases. Note: Direct NFS does not work and falls back to the traditional kernel NFS path if the back-end NFS server does not support a write size (wtmax) of 32768 or larger. Direct NFS determines mount point settings to NFS storage devices based on the configurations in /etc/mtab. Direct NFS looks for the mount point entries in the following order: 1. $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/oranfstab Required Product-Specific Postinstallation Tasks Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-13 2. /etc/oranfstab 3. /etc/mtab It uses the first matched entry as the mount point. Oracle Database requires that mount points be mounted by the kernel NFS system even when served through Direct NFS. Complete the following procedure to enable Direct NFS: 1. You can optionally create an oranfstab file with the following attributes for each NFS server to be accessed using Direct NFS: ■ Server: The NFS server name. ■ Path: Up to four network paths to the NFS server, specified either by IP address, or by name, as displayed using the ifconfig command on the filer. ■ Local: Up to four local paths on the database host, specified by IP address or by name, as displayed using the ifconfig command run on the database host. ■ Export: The exported path from the NFS server. ■ Mount: The corresponding local mount point for the exported volume. ■ Dontroute: Specifies that outgoing messages should not be routed by the operating system, but sent using the IP address they are bound to. ■ mnt_timeout: Specifies (in seconds) the time for which Direct NFS client should wait for a successful mount before timing out. This parameter is optional and the default timeout is 10 minutes. The following is an example of an oranfstab file with two NFS server entries: server: MyDataServer1 local: 145.34.45.12 path: 132.34.35.12 local: 132.34.45.13 path: 132.34.35.13 dontroute export: /vol/oradata1 mount: /mnt/oradata1 server: MyDataServer2 local: LocalPath1 path: NfsPath1 local: LocalPath2 path: NfsPath2 local: LocalPath3 path: NfsPath3 local: LocalPath4 path: NfsPath4 dontroute export: /vol/oradata2 mount: /mnt/oradata2 export: /vol/oradata3 mount: /mnt/oradata3 export: /vol/oradata4 mount: /mnt/oradata4 export: /vol/oradata5 mount: /mnt/oradata5 2. Oracle Database is not shipped with Direct NFS enabled by default. To enable Direct NFS, complete the following steps: a. Change the directory to $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib. b. Enter the following command: make -f ins_rdbms.mk dnfs_on Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer 5-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide Disabling Direct NFS Client Complete the following steps to disable the Direct NFS client: 1. Log in as the Oracle software installation owner, and disable Direct NFS client using the following commands: cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib make -f ins_rdbms.mk dnfs_off 2. Remove the oranfstab file. Note: If you remove an NFS path that Oracle Database is using, then you must restart the database for the change to take effect. Checking NFS Buffer Size Parameters If you are using NFS, then you must set the values for the NFS buffer size parameters rsize and wsize to at least 16384. Oracle recommends that you use the value 32768. Direct NFS issues writes at wtmax granularity to the NFS server. For example, to use rsize and wsize buffer settings with the value 32768, then update the /etc/vfstab file on each node with an entry similar to the following: nfs_server:/vol/DATA/oradata /home/oracle/netapp nfs\ rw,bg,hard,nointr,rsize=32768,wsize=32768,tcp,actimeo=0,vers=3,timeo=600 Note: See your storage vendor documentation for additional information about mount options. Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer This section describes tasks that you must complete after you install the software: ■ Migrating User Settings from Release 1.0 ■ Migrating Information from Previous Releases ■ Location of User-Related Information Migrating User Settings from Release 1.0 The first time you start SQL Developer after installing it or after adding any extensions, you are asked to migrate your user settings from a previous release. (This occurs regardless of whether there was a previous release on your system.) Note: Migration of user settings is supported only from SQL Developer release 1.0 to release 1.1. It is not supported for migration from a prerelease version of 1.1 to release 1.1. These settings refer to database connections, reports, and certain SQL Developer user preferences that you set in a previous version by clicking Tools and then Preferences. However, some user preferences are not saved, and you must provide them again using the new release. Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer Oracle Database Postinstallation Tasks 5-15 To migrate your user settings from SQL Developer release 1.0: 1. Unzip the release 1.1 kit into an empty directory (folder). Do not delete or overwrite the directory into which you unzipped the release 1.0 kit. 2. When you start SQL Developer release 1.1, click Yes when prompted to migrate the settings from a previous release. 3. In the dialog box that is displayed, do not accept the default location for the settings. Instead, provide the location of your release 1.0 settings, which might be a folder whose path ends with sqldeveloper/jdev/system. See Also: "Migrating Information from Previous Releases" on page 5-15 for more information Migrating Information from Previous Releases If you used a previous release of SQL Developer or a prerelease version of the current release, and you want to preserve the database connections that you were using, then save your existing database connections in an XML file. To save the connections, right-click the Connections node in the Connections Navigator and select Export Connections. After you complete the installation described in this guide, you can use those connections by right-clicking the Connections node in the Connections Navigator and selecting Import Connections. To use any user-defined reports or the SQL history from a previous version, see "Location of User-Related Information" on page 5-15 for information about where these are located. To use any user-defined reports or the SQL history from release 1.0 with both releases 1.0 and 1.1, you must save them before using release 1.1, because release 1.1 modifies the files to a format that is incompatible with release 1.0. SQL Developer preferences (specified by clicking Tools and then Preferences) from a prerelease version of the current release cannot currently be saved and reused; you must provide any desired preferences again. Location of User-Related Information SQL Developer stores user-related information in several places, with the specific location depending on the operating system and certain environment specifications. User-related information includes user-defined reports, user-defined code examples, SQL Worksheet history, and SQL Developer user preferences. The user-related information is stored outside the SQL Developer installation directory hierarchy, so that it is preserved if you delete that directory and install a new version. This information is stored in or under the SQLDEVELOPER_USER_DIR location, if defined; otherwise as indicated in the following table. Table 5–2 shows the typical default locations (under a directory or in a file) for specific types of resources on different operating systems. Note the period in the name of any directory or folder named .sqldeveloper. Table 5–2 Default Locations for User-Related Information Resource Type Linux User-defined reports ~/.sqldeveloper/UserReports.xml User-defined snippets ~/.sqldeveloper/UserSnippets.xml SQL history ~/.sqldeveloper/system/ SQL Worksheet archive files ~/.sqldeveloper/tmp/ Postinstallation Tasks for SQL Developer 5-16 Oracle Database Installation Guide SQL Worksheet archive files contain SQL statements that you have entered. These files begin with sqldev and then have a random number (for example, sqldev14356.sql). If you close SQL Developer with a SQL Worksheet open that contains statements, then you are prompted to save these files. To specify a nondefault SQLDEVELOPER_USER_DIR location, do either of the following: ■ Set the SQLDEVELOPER_USER_DIR environment variable to specify another directory path. ■ Edit the sqldeveloper_ install\sqldeveloper\sqldeveloper\bin\sqldeveloper.conf file and substitute the desired directory path for SQLDEVELOPER_USER_DIR in the following line: SetUserHomeVariable SQLDEVELOPER_USER_DIR To prevent other users from accessing your user-specific SQL Developer information, you must ensure that the appropriate permissions are set on the directory where that information is stored or on a directory preceding it in the path hierarchy. For example, you may want to ensure that the ~/.sqldeveloper directory is not worldreadable. SQL Developer user preferences ~/.sqldeveloper/system/ Table 5–2 (Cont.) Default Locations for User-Related Information Resource Type Linux 6 Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-1 6 Getting Started with Oracle Database This chapter provides information about the default preconfigured database, including information about Oracle Database accounts, passwords, and file locations. It includes information about the following topics: ■ Checking the Installed Oracle Database Contents and Directory Location ■ Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control ■ Managing Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Accessing Oracle Database with SQL*Plus ■ Accessing Oracle Database with SQL Developer ■ Reviewing Accounts and Passwords ■ Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords ■ Identifying Databases ■ Locating the Server Parameter File ■ Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files Checking the Installed Oracle Database Contents and Directory Location You can use Oracle Universal Installer to check the contents and directory location of an Oracle Database installation using the following steps: 1. To start Oracle Universal Installer, run the following command: $ ORACLE_HOME/oui/bin/runInstaller 2. Click Installed Products to display the Inventory dialog box on the Welcome screen. 3. Select the Oracle Database product from the list to check the installed contents. 4. Click Details to find additional information about an installed product. 5. Click Close to close the Inventory dialog box. 6. Click Cancel to close Oracle Universal Installer, and then click Yes to confirm. Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control If you configured Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control (Database Control) during the installation, you can use it to manage the database. You can also use Oracle Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control 6-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide Enterprise Manager Grid Control to manage the database. To display the Database Control: 1. First check the Database Control status using the following command: emctl status dbconsole 2. Use a Web browser to access the Database Control URL: https://host:port/em In this example: ■ host is the name of the computer on which you installed Oracle Database ■ port is the port number reserved for the Database Control during installation If you do not know the correct port number to use, look for the following line in the $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini file: Enterprise Manager Console HTTP Port (db_name) = 1158 The installation reserves the first available port from the range 5500 to 5519. For example, if you installed Oracle Database on host mgmt42, and the Database Control uses port 1158, use the following URL: https://mgmt42:1158/em Oracle Enterprise Manager displays the Database Control login page. 3. Log in to the database using the user name SYSTEM and connect as SYSDBA. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays the Database Home page. Use the password that you specified for the SYSTEM account during the installation. Note: You can also log in to the Database Control using the SYS, SYSTEM, or SYSMAN accounts, or you can grant login privileges to other database users. If you log in as SYS, then you must connect as SYSDBA. See Also: Chapter 3, "Getting Started with Database Administration" in Oracle Database 2 Day DBA for more information about Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Understanding Database Control Login Privileges When you log in to the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control using the SYSMAN user account, you are logging in as the Oracle Enterprise Manager super user. The SYSMAN account is automatically granted the roles and privileges required to access all the management features provided by the Database Control. You can also use the SYS and SYSTEM accounts to log in to the Database Control. In addition, you can grant login privileges to other database users, as follows: 1. Log in to the Database Control. See Also: The "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" section for more information 2. Click Setup at the top of the Database Control home page. Managing Oracle Automatic Storage Management Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-3 3. Click Administrators in the left navigation bar. 4. Click Create to create an Enterprise Manager user. 5. In the Name field, enter the user name of an existing database user or click the flashlight icon and select a user from the window. 6. In the E-mail Address field, provide one or more email addresses. 7. In the Administrator Privilege list, select either View on all targets, Full on all targets, or Super Administrator. 8. You can also select the Grant SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE option. 9. Enter the password for this user, and then click Review. 10. On the properties page, click Finish. Oracle Enterprise Manager assigns login privileges to the specified user and includes this user in the list of Enterprise Manager users on the Setup Administrators page. Managing Oracle Automatic Storage Management This section provides information about managing an Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) installation. It covers the following topics: ■ Starting and Stopping Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Utilities Starting and Stopping Oracle Automatic Storage Management To start and stop Oracle ASM, see Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for Linux and UNIX-Based Operating Systems. Oracle Automatic Storage Management Utilities To manage Oracle ASM, you can use the following tools: ■ asmcmd: This command-line tool enables you to manage Oracle ASM disk group files and directories. ■ ASMCA: Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) is an interactive utility that enables you to create an Oracle ASM instance or upgrade existing Oracle ASM instances. It also enables you to create and configure disk groups, Oracle ASM volumes and Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System (Oracle ACFS). ■ Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control: If you have Oracle Enterprise Manager installed, you can use Grid Control to manage Oracle ASM functions, such as migrating an existing database to Oracle ASM, checking the status of the Oracle ASM instance, checking the performance of the Oracle ASM disk groups, and creating or dropping Oracle ASM disk groups. ■ Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control: This utility enables you to perform functions similar to Grid Control. ■ SQL*Plus: You can run commands that are specific to Oracle ASM from either of these tools. To connect to an Oracle ASM instance, use the same methods that you use to connect to an Oracle database instance. See Also: ■ "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 ■ Oracle Database Utilities for more information about asmcmd ■ Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for more information about managing your storage with Oracle ASM Accessing Oracle Database with SQL*Plus 6-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide Accessing Oracle Database with SQL*Plus To run the SQL and PL/SQL statements to access the Oracle Database, you can use SQL*Plus. This tool enables you to perform the same database management operations, and also to query, insert, update, or delete data directly in the database. Note: ■ Before you start SQL*Plus, ensure that all the environment variables, specially ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID, are set. See, "Configuring the oracle User’s Environment" on page 2-47 for more information about setting environment variables. ■ In addition, it is advisable to set the PATH environment variable to include the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. Use the following statement to start SQL*Plus and log in as the SYS user, connecting as SYSDBA: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSDBA Enter password: SYS_password For example, to log on as SYSTEM enter: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYSTEM Enter password: password If you are logging on as SYS, you must connect as SYSDBA: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSDBA Enter password: SYS_password See Also: ■ "Connecting to the Database with SQL*Plus" in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about accessing Oracle Database using SQL*Plus ■ SQL*Plus User's Guide and Reference ■ SQL*Plus Quick Reference Reviewing Accounts and Passwords Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-5 Accessing Oracle Database with SQL Developer To run the SQL and PL/SQL statements to access Oracle Database, you can use SQL Developer. All SQL and PL/SQL statements are supported because they are passed directly from the SQL Worksheet to the Oracle Database. Set Up the JDK Path for SQL Developer Set the following environmental variables to ensure that the correct JDK is picked up: ■ $ORACLE_HOME ■ $JAVA_HOME=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk ■ $PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin/:$PATH To start SQL Developer on which the Java SDK release 1.5 is installed, use the following commands: ■ Change to $ORACLE_HOME/sqldeveloper. ■ Run $ ./sqldeveloper.sh. ■ Right-click Connections. In the dialog box, enter a connection name, username, password, and for the host string, the name of the database to which you want to connect, and click Connect. After you are connected, you can view, create, modify, and delete the database objects using the Connection Navigator or issue any SQL or PL/SQL statement using a SQL Worksheet. From the Tools menu, select SQL Worksheet. SQL*Plus statements have to be interpreted by the SQL Worksheet before being passed to the database. The SQL Worksheet currently supports many SQL*Plus statements. SQL*Plus statements which are not supported by the SQL Worksheet are ignored and are not sent to Oracle Database. See Also: "SQL*Plus Statements Supported and Not Supported in SQL Worksheet" in Oracle Database SQL Developer User's Guide Reviewing Accounts and Passwords All databases created by the Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA) include the SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP database accounts. In addition, Oracle Database provides several other administrative accounts. Before using these accounts, you must unlock them and reset their passwords. Table 6–1 describes these accounts and lists their user names and default passwords. See Also: "Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords" on page 6-8 Note: Use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to view the complete list of database accounts. Reviewing Accounts and Passwords 6-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Table 6–1 Database Accounts User Name Description See Also ANONYMOUS Enables HTTP access to Oracle XML DB. None APEX_030200 The account owns the Application Express schema and metadata. Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide APEX_PUBLIC_USER The minimally privileged account used for Application Express configuration with Oracle HTTP Server and mod_plsql. Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide APPQOSSYS Used for storing and managing all data and metadata required by Oracle Quality of Service Management. None BI The account that owns the Business Intelligence schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas. Oracle Database Sample Schemas CTXSYS The Oracle Text account. Oracle Text Reference DBSNMP The account used by the Management Agent component of Oracle Enterprise Manager to monitor and manage the database. Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration DIP The account used by the Directory Integration Platform (DIP) to synchronize the changes in Oracle Internet Directory with the applications in the database. None DVSYS There are two roles associated with this account. The Database Vault owner role manages the Database Vault roles and configurations. The Database Vault Account Manager is used to manage database user accounts. Note: Part of Oracle Database Vault user interface text is stored in database tables in the DVSYS schema. By default, only the English language is loaded into these tables. You can use Oracle Database Vault Configuration Assistant to add more languages to Oracle Database Vault. For the necessary steps, see Appendix C in Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide EXFSYS The account owns the Expression Filter schema. None FLOWS_FILES The account owns the Application Express uploaded files. Oracle Application Express Application Builder User's Guide HR The account that owns the Human Resources schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas. Oracle Database Sample Schemas IX The account that owns the Information Transport schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas. Oracle Database Sample Schemas Reviewing Accounts and Passwords Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-7 LBACSYS The Oracle Label Security administrator account. Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide MDDATA The schema used by Oracle Spatial for storing geocoder and router data. Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide MDSYS The Oracle Spatial and Oracle Multimedia Locator administrator account. Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide MGMT_VIEW An account used by Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. None OE The account that owns the Order Entry schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas. Oracle Database Sample Schemas ORDPLUGINS The Oracle Multimedia user. Plug-ins supplied by Oracle and third-party plug-ins are installed in this schema. Oracle Multimedia Reference ORDSYS The Oracle Multimedia administrator account. Oracle Multimedia Reference ORDDATA This account contains the Oracle Multimedia DICOM data model. Oracle Multimedia DICOM Developer's Guide OUTLN The account that supports plan stability. Plan stability enables you to maintain the same execution plans for the same SQL statements. OUTLN acts as a role to centrally manage metadata associated with stored outlines. Oracle Database Concepts ORACLE_OCM This account contains the instrumentation for configuration collection used by the Oracle Configuration Manager. Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide OWBSYS The account used by Oracle Warehouse Builder as its default repository. You must unlock this account after installing the Oracle Database and before launching the Warehouse Builder Repository Assistant. Oracle Warehouse Builder Installation and Administration Guide OWBSYS_AUDIT This account is used by the Warehouse Builder Control Center Agent to access the heterogeneous execution audit tables in the OWBSYS schema. Oracle Warehouse Builder Installation and Administration Guide PM The account that owns the Product Media schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas. Oracle Database Sample Schemas SCOTT An account used by Oracle sample programs and examples. Oracle Database Administrator's Guide SH The account that owns the Sales History schema included in the Oracle Sample Schemas. It is available only if you loaded the sample schemas during an Enterprise Edition installation. Oracle Database Administrator's Guide Table 6–1 (Cont.) Database Accounts User Name Description See Also Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords 6-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords Passwords for all Oracle system administration accounts except SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSMP are revoked after installation. Before you use a locked account, you must unlock it and reset its password. If you created a preconfigured database during the installation, but you did not unlock a required account, you must unlock it, using one of the following methods: ■ Using Database Control to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords ■ Using SQL*Plus to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords ■ Unlocking and Changing Passwords Note: If you are creating a database using Database Configuration Assistant, you can unlock accounts after the database is created by clicking Password Management before you exit from Database Configuration Assistant. Using Database Control to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords To unlock and reset user account passwords using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control: 1. Log in to the Database Control. SI_INFORMTN_SCHEMA The account that stores the information views for the SQL/MM Still Image Standard. Oracle Multimedia Reference SPATIAL_CSW_ADMIN_ USR The Catalog Services for the Web (CSW) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial CSW cache manager to load all record type metadata, and record instances from the database into the main memory for the record types that are cached. Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide SPATIAL_WFS_ADMIN_ USR The Web Feature Service (WFS) account. It is used by the Oracle Spatial WFS cache manager to load all feature-type metadata, and feature instances from the database into main memory for the feature types that are cached. Oracle Spatial Developer's Guide SYS The account used to perform database administration tasks. Oracle Database Administrator's Guide SYSMAN The account used to perform Oracle Enterprise Manager database administration tasks. Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration SYSTEM Another account used to perform database administration tasks. Oracle Database Administrator's Guide WMSYS The account used to store the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager. Oracle Database Workspace Manager Developer's Guide XDB The account used for storing Oracle XML DB data and metadata. Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide Table 6–1 (Cont.) Database Accounts User Name Description See Also See Also: "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 Unlocking and Resetting User Passwords Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-9 2. Click Server. 3. In the Security section of the Server page, click Users. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing all database accounts. The Account Status column indicates if the account is locked and if the password has expired. 4. Select the user account to modify, then click Edit. 5. Use the General page of the Users property sheet to unlock the account and, optionally, to change the password. See Also: Click Help in the Database Control window for more information Using SQL*Plus to Unlock Accounts and Reset Passwords To unlock and reset user account passwords using SQL*Plus: 1. Start SQL*Plus and log in as the SYS user, connecting as SYSDBA: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus SQL> CONNECT SYS as SYSDBA Enter password: SYS_password 2. Enter a command similar to the following, where account is the user account to unlock and password is the new password: SQL> PASSWORD account UNLOCK; Changing password for account New password: password Retype new password: password Note: If you unlock an account but do not reset the password, then the password remains expired. The first time someone connects as that user, they must change the user’s password. To permit unauthenticated access to the data through HTTP, unlock the ANONYMOUS user account. See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about: ■ Unlocking and changing passwords after installation ■ Oracle security procedures ■ Best security practices Unlocking and Changing Passwords Passwords for all Oracle system administration accounts except SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP are revoked after installation. Before you use a locked account, you must unlock it and reset its password. If you created a starter database during the installation, Oracle Database Configuration Assistant displays a screen with your Identifying Databases 6-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide database information and the Password Management button. Use the Password Management button to unlock only the user names you use. Apply the following guidelines when specifying passwords: ■ Passwords must be between 8 and 30 characters long. ■ Passwords must not start with a numeral. ■ Passwords must not be the same as the user name. ■ Passwords must not be Oracle reserved words. ■ The SYS account password must not be change_on_install. ■ The SYSTEM account password must not be manager. ■ The SYSMAN account password must not be sysman. ■ The DBSNMP account password must not be dbsnmp. ■ If you use the same password for all the accounts, then that password must not be change_on_install, manager, sysman, or dbsnmp. ■ Passwords must have at least one alphabetic, one numeric, and one special character. ■ Passwords must not be simple or obvious words, such as welcome, account, database, and user. ■ Passwords must not have any consecutive repeating characters. See Also: "Reviewing Accounts and Passwords" on page 6-5 for more information Identifying Databases The Oracle Database 11g software identifies a database by its global database name. A global database name consists of the database name and database domain. Usually, the database domain equals the network domain, but it need not be. The global database name uniquely distinguishes a database from any other database in the same network. You specify the global database name when you create a database during the installation, or using the Database Configuration Assistant. The database name input field is used to set the DB_NAME, DB_UNIQUE_NAME, and DB_ DOMAIN Oracle initialization parameter values. For example: sales_world.example.com In this example: ■ sales_world is the name of the database. The database name (DB_UNIQUE_NAME) portion is a string of no more than 30 characters that can contain alphanumeric characters, underscore (_), dollar sign ($), and pound sign (#) but must begin with an alphabetic character. No other special characters are permitted in a database name. ■ sales_wo is the DB_NAME. The DB_NAME initialization parameter specifies a database identifier of up to eight characters. ■ example.com is the database domain in which the database is located. In this example, the database domain equals the network domain. Together, the database name and the database domain make the global database name unique. The Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-11 domain portion is a string of no more than 128 characters that can contain alphanumeric characters, underscore (_), and pound sign (#). The DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter specifies the database domain name. The DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter and the DB_DOMAIN name parameter combine to create the global database name value assigned to the SERVICE_NAMES parameter in the initialization parameter file. The system identifier (SID) identifies a specific database instance. The SID uniquely distinguishes the instance from any other instance on the same computer. Each database instance requires a unique SID and database name. In most cases, the SID equals the database name portion of the global database name. See Also: "DB_UNIQUE_NAME" and "DB_NAME" in Oracle Database Reference Locating the Server Parameter File By default, the preconfigured database uses a server parameter file named spfilesid.ora, which is stored in the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory. However, if you choose Oracle ASM for the database, Database Configuration Assistant typically uses the same storage mechanism for the server parameter file. If the server parameter file is not located in the $ORACLE_HOME/dbs directory, the database uses the SPFILE parameter in an initialization parameter file to locate it. The default initialization parameter file is $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid.ora. You can use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to view the location of the server parameter file and list all of the initialization parameters, as follows: 1. Log in to the Database Control. See Also: "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 for more information 2. Click Server. 3. In the Database Configuration section of the Server page, click Initialization Parameters. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing the current value of each initialization parameter. 4. Select the SPFile tab. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing the value of each initialization parameter specified in the server parameter file. The location of the server parameter file is displayed on top of the page. Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files The following sections contain information about tablespaces and data files, redo log files, and control files: ■ Identifying Tablespaces and Data Files ■ Locating Redo Log Files ■ Locating Control Files Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files 6-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide Identifying Tablespaces and Data Files An Oracle database is divided into smaller logical areas of space known as tablespaces. Each tablespace corresponds to one or more physical data files. Data files contain the contents of logical database structures such as tables and indexes. You can associate each data file with only one tablespace and database. Note: The SYSAUX and SYSTEM tablespaces must be present in all Oracle Database 11g databases. Table 6–2 describes the tablespaces provided by the default preconfigured database. Table 6–2 Tablespaces and Data Files Tablespace Data File Description EXAMPLE EXAMPLE01.DBF Stores the sample schemas, if you included them. SYSAUX SYSAUX01.DBF Acts as an auxiliary tablespace to the SYSTEM tablespace. Some products and options that previously used the SYSTEM tablespace now use the SYSAUX tablespace to reduce the load on the SYSTEM tablespace. SYSTEM SYSTEM01.DBF Stores the data dictionary, including definitions of tables, views, and stored procedures needed by Oracle Database. Information in this area is maintained automatically. TEMP TEMP01.DBF Stores temporary tables and indexes created during the processing of your SQL statement. If you run a SQL statement that involves a lot of sorting, such as the constructs GROUP BY, ORDER BY, or DISTINCT, then you may have to expand this tablespace. UNDOTBS UNDOTBS01.DBF Stores undo information. The undo tablespace contains one or more undo segments that maintain transaction history that is used to roll back, or undo, changes to the database. All starter databases are configured to run in automatic undo management mode. USERS USERS01.DBF Stores database objects created by database users. See Also: Oracle Database Concepts and the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information To use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to view the list of data files used by the database and their associated tablespaces: 1. Log in to the Database Control. See Also: "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 for more information 2. Click Server. 3. In the Storage section of the Server page, click Datafiles. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing each data file, and the tablespace with which it is associated. For more information about using the Database Control to view, modify, and create tablespaces, click Help in the Database Control window Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files Getting Started with Oracle Database 6-13 Locating Redo Log Files The preconfigured database uses three redo log files. Redo log files record all changes made to data in the database buffer cache. If an instance fails, then Oracle Database 11g uses the redo log files to recover the modified data in memory. Oracle Database uses redo log files in a cyclical fashion. For example, if three files constitute the online redo log, Oracle Database fills the first file, then the second file, and then the third file. In the next cycle, it reuses and fills the first file, the second file, and so on. See Also: Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide for more information about redo log files To use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to view or modify the redo log files for the preconfigured database: 1. Log in to the Database Control. See Also: "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 for more information 2. Click Server. 3. In the Storage section of the Server page, click Redo Log Groups. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing the redo log groups used by the database. 4. To view the name and location of the redo log file associated with a particular group, select that group then click View. For more information about using the Database Control to view, modify, and create redo log files, click Help in the Database Control window. Locating Control Files The preconfigured database uses three control files. Oracle recommends that you keep at least three control files for each database and set the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter to specify the location of each file. A control file is an administrative file. Oracle Database 11g requires a control file to start and run the database. The control file defines the physical structure of the database. For example, it defines the database name and the names and locations of the database data files and redo log files. To use the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control to view information about the control files for the preconfigured database: 1. Log in to the Database Control. See Also: "Logging In to Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control" on page 6-1 for more information 2. Click Server. 3. In the Storage section of the Server page, click Control Files. Oracle Enterprise Manager displays a table listing the control files used by the database. Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files 6-14 Oracle Database Installation Guide For more information about using the Database Control to view information about control files and creating backups of these files to trace them, click Help in the Database Control window, See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about setting the CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter value 7 Removing Oracle Database Software 7-1 7 Removing Oracle Database Software This chapter describes how to completely remove Oracle software and configuration files related to the specified Oracle home. It includes information about removing Oracle software using the deinstallation tool. The deinstall command removes standalone Oracle Database installations, Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) from your server, and also Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC) and Oracle Database client installations. Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), Oracle recommends that you use the deinstallation tool to remove the entire Oracle home associated with the Oracle Database, Oracle Clusterware, Oracle ASM, Oracle RAC, or Oracle Database client installation. Oracle does not support the removal of individual products or components. The following sections describe the deinstall command, and provide information about additional options to use the command: ■ About the Deinstallation Tool ■ Downloading the Deinstallation Tool for Use with Failed Installations ■ Example of Running the Deinstall Command ■ Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Database ■ Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Caution: If you have a standalone database on a node in a cluster and you have multiple databases with the same global database name (GDN), then you cannot use the deinstall tool to remove one database only. See Also: ■ Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for information about removing an Oracle RAC installation ■ The "Dropping Disk Groups" section in the Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about removing an Oracle ASM disk group About the Deinstallation Tool 7-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide About the Deinstallation Tool The deinstallation tool (deinstall) is available in the installation media before installation, and is available in Oracle home directories after installation. It is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall directory. The deinstall command uses the information you provide, plus information gathered from the software home to create a parameter file. You can alternatively supply a parameter file generated previously by the deinstall command using the –checkonly option, or by editing the response file template. The deinstallation tool stops Oracle software, and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system for a specific Oracle home. If you run the deinstallation tool to remove an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, then the deinstaller prompts you to run the roothas.pl script, as the root user, to deconfigure Oracle Restart. Caution: When you run the deinstall command, if the central inventory (oraInventory) contains no other registered homes besides the home that you are deconfiguring and removing, then the deinstall command removes the following files and directory contents in the Oracle base directory of the Oracle Database installation owner: ■ admin ■ cfgtoollogs ■ checkpoints ■ diag ■ oradata ■ flash_recovery_area Oracle strongly recommends that you configure your installations using an Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) configuration, and that you reserve Oracle base and Oracle home paths for exclusive use of Oracle software. If you have any user data in these locations in the Oracle base that is owned by the user account that owns the Oracle software, then the deinstall command deletes this data. The deinstall command uses the following syntax, where variable content is indicated in italics: deinstall -home complete path of Oracle home [-silent] [-checkonly] [-local] [-cleanupObase] [-paramfile complete path of input parameter property file] [-params name1=value name2=value . . .] [-o complete path of directory for saving files] [-help] The default method for running the deinstallation tool is from the deinstall directory in the Oracle home as the installation owner: $ $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall/deinstall Provide information about your servers as prompted or accept the defaults. The deinstall command stops Oracle software, and removes Oracle software and configuration files on the operating system. About the Deinstallation Tool Removing Oracle Database Software 7-3 In addition, you can run the deinstallation tool from other locations, or with a parameter file, or select other options to run the tool. The options are: ■ -home Use this flag to indicate the home path of the Oracle home to check or deinstall. To deinstall Oracle software using the deinstall command in the Oracle home you plan to deinstall, provide a parameter file in another location, and do not use the -home flag. If you run deinstall from the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall path, then the -home flag is not required because the tool knows from which home it is being run. If you use the standalone version of the tool, then -home is mandatory. ■ -silent Use this flag to run the command in silent or response file mode. If you use the -silent flag, then you must use the -paramfile flag, and provide a parameter file that contains the configuration values for the Oracle home to deinstall or deconfigure. You can generate a parameter file to use or modify by running deinstall with the -checkonly flag. The deinstall command then discovers information from the Oracle home to deinstall and deconfigure. It generates the properties file, which you can then use with the -silent option. You can also modify the template file deinstall.rsp.tmpl, located in the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall/response folder. ■ -checkonly Use this flag to check the status of the Oracle software home configuration. Running the deinstall command with the -checkonly flag does not remove the Oracle configuration. The -checkonly flag generates a parameter file that you can use with the deinstall command. ■ -local Use this flag on a multinode environment to deinstall Oracle software in a cluster. When you run deinstall with this flag, it deconfigures and deinstalls the Oracle software on the local node (the node where deinstall is run). On remote nodes, it deconfigures Oracle software, but does not deinstall the Oracle software. ■ -cleanupOBase Use this flag to force the removal of all the contents in the Oracle base directory, including the admin, oradata, and flash_recovery_area directories. This flag forces an Oracle base removal only if the Oracle home that you specify with the -home flag is the only Oracle home associated with the Oracle base directory. This flag is available with the deconfig tool available in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database 11.2.0.3 patch release, and from Oracle Technology Network (OTN). ■ -paramfile complete path of input parameter property file Use this flag to run deinstall with a parameter file in a location other than the default. When you use this flag, provide the complete path where the parameter file is located. The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of deinstall: Downloading the Deinstallation Tool for Use with Failed Installations 7-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide – From the installation media or stage location: $ORACLE_ HOME/inventory/response – From a unzipped archive file from OTN: /ziplocation/response – After installation from the installed Oracle home: $ORACLE_ HOME/deinstall/response ■ -params [name1=value name 2=value name3=value . . .] Use this flag with a parameter file to override one or more values to change in a parameter file you have created. ■ -o complete path of directory for saving response files Use this flag to provide a path other than the default location where the properties file (deinstall.rsp.tmpl) is saved. The default location of the parameter file depends on the location of deinstall: – From the installation media or stage location before installation: $ORACLE_ HOME/ – From a unzipped archive file from OTN: /ziplocation/response/ – After installation from the installed Oracle home: $ORACLE_ HOME/deinstall/response ■ -help Use the help option (-help) to get additional information about the command option flags. Deinstalling Previous Release Grid Home For upgrades from previous releases, if you want to deinstall the previous release Grid home, then as the root user, you must manually change the permissions of the previous release Grid home, and then run the deinstall command. For example: # chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/grid/11.2.0 # chmod -R 775 /u01/app/grid/11.2.0 In this example, /u01/app/grid/11.2.0 is the previous release Grid home. Downloading the Deinstallation Tool for Use with Failed Installations If you require the deinstallation tool (deinstall) to remove failed or incomplete installations, then it is available as a separate download from the Oracle Technology Network (OTN) Web site. To download the deinstallation tool: 1. Go to the following URL: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads /index.html 2. Under Oracle Database 11g Release 2, click See All for the respective platform for which you want to download the deinstallation tool. The deinstallation tool is available for download at the end of this Web page. Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Database Removing Oracle Database Software 7-5 Example of Running the Deinstall Command As the deinstall command runs, you are prompted to provide the home directory of the Oracle software to remove from your system. Provide additional information as prompted. Use the optional flag -paramfile to provide a path to a parameter file. In the following example, the deinstall command is in the path /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/deinstall, and it uses a parameter file in the software owner location /home/usr/oracle: $ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/deinstall $ ./deinstall -paramfile /home/usr/oracle/my_db_paramfile.tmpl For the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home, use the deinstallation script in the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server home, which in this example is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid: $ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/deinstall $ ./deinstall -paramfile /home/usr/oracle/my_grid_paramfile.tmpl If you enter the deinstall command outside of the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder, then help is displayed, unless you enter a -home flag and provide a path. If you run the deinstall command from the $ORACLE_HOME/deinstall folder, then deinstallation starts without prompting you for a home address. Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Database You can run the deinstall command on a standalone Oracle Database with the -paramfile option to use the values you specify in the parameter file. The following is an example of a parameter file, in which the Oracle Database binary owner is oracle, the Oracle Database home (Oracle home) is in the path /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/, the Oracle base (where other Oracle software is installed) is /u01/app/oracle/, the central Oracle Inventory home (oraInventory) is /u01/app/oraInventory, the virtual IP address (VIP) is 192.0.2.1, the local node (the node where you run the deinstallation session from) is myserver, and the OSDBA group is dba: #Copyright (c) 2005, 2006 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. #Mon Feb 16 06:48:39 UTC 2009 DISK_GROUPS.sidb= ASM_HOME= ASM_LOCAL_SID= LOGDIR=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/oraInventory/logs/ ORACLE_BASE.sidb=/u01/app/oracle/ RECOVERY_LOC.sidb= STORAGE_TYPE.sidb=FS ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/ INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory DB_TYPE.sidb=SI_DB NODE_LIST.sidb=myserver ARCHIVE_LOG_DESTINATION_LOC.sidb= LOCAL_SID.sidb=sidb DB_UNIQUE_NAME_LIST=sidb ASM_FILES.sidb= HOME_TYPE=SIDB CRS_HOME=false RAW_MAPPING_FILE.sidb= SID_LIST.sidb=sidb Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 7-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide ORACLE_BINARY_OK=true DATAFILE_LOC.sidb=/u01/app/oracle/oradata local=false LOCAL_NODE=myserver CREATION_MODE.sidb=y CONFIGFILE_LOC.sidb= DIAG_DEST.sidb=/u01/app/oracle/ silent=false ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/ SPFILE_LOC.sidb= Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure You can run the deinstall command on an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server home with the -paramfile option to use the values you specify in the parameter file. The following is an example of a parameter file, in which the Oracle Grid Infrastructure binary owner is oracle, the Oracle Grid Infrastructure home is in the path /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid, the Oracle base (where other Oracle software is installed) is /u01/app/oracle/, the central Oracle Inventory home (oraInventory) is /u01/app/oraInventory, the local node (the node where you run the deinstallation session from) is myserver, and the OSDBA group is dba: #Copyright (c) 2005, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved. #Thu Mar 05 11:36:03 PST 2009 LOCAL_NODE=myserver HOME_TYPE=SIHA ASM_REDUNDANCY=EXTERNAL ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle/ SCAN_PORT=0 silent=false ASM_UPGRADE=false ORA_CRS_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid GPNPCONFIGDIR=$ORACLE_HOME LOGDIR=/home/oracle/tmp/deinstall/logs/ ASM_DISCOVERY_STRING=/u02/stor/asm* GPNPGCONFIGDIR=$ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_OWNER=oracle ASM_DISKSTRING= CRS_STORAGE_OPTION=0 ORACLE_BINARY_OK=true OCR_VOTINGDISK_IN_ASM=false ASM_ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle NETCFGJAR_NAME=netcfg.jar ORA_DBA_GROUP=dba JREDIR=/u01/app/oracle/grid/jdk/jre/ ORA_ASM_GROUP=dba LANGUAGE_ID='AMERICAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1' CSS_LEASEDURATION=400 ASM_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/grid SHAREJAR_NAME=share.jar HELPJAR_NAME=help4.jar SILENT=false local=false INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory GNS_CONF=false JEWTJAR_NAME=jewt4.jar EMBASEJAR_NAME=oemlt.jar Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure Removing Oracle Database Software 7-7 ASM_ DISKS=/u02/stor/asm/asm0,/u02/stor/asm/asm2,/u02/stor/asm/asm3,/u02/stor/asm/asm1, /u02/stor/asm/asm4,/u02/stor/asm/asm5,/u02/stor/asm/asm6, /u02/stor/asm/asm7,/u02/stor/asm/asm8 ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/grid CRS_HOME=true ASM_IN_HOME=true EWTJAR_NAME=ewt3.jar ASM_DROP_DISKGROUPS=false ASM_LOCAL_SID=+ASM JLIBDIR=/u01/app/oracle/grid/jlib VNDR_CLUSTER=false ASM_DISK_GROUP=DATA Deinstallation Parameter File Example for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 7-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide A Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-1 A Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files This appendix describes how to install and configure Oracle products using response files. It includes information about the following topics: ■ How Response Files Work ■ Creating the oraInst.loc File ■ Preparing a Response File ■ Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File ■ Running Net Configuration Assistant Using a Response File ■ Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File ■ Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File How Response Files Work You can automate the installation and configuration of Oracle software, either fully or partially, by specifying a response file when you start Oracle Universal Installer. Oracle Universal Installer uses the values contained in the response file to provide answers to some or all of Oracle Universal Installer prompts. It includes information about the following topics: ■ Reasons for Using Silent Mode or Response File Mode ■ Creating a Database Using Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the Storage Option for Database Files ■ General Procedure for Using Response Files Typically, Oracle Universal Installer runs in interactive mode, which means that it prompts you to provide information in graphical user interface (GUI) screens. When you use response files to provide this information, you run Oracle Universal Installer at a command prompt using either of the following modes: ■ Silent mode If you include responses for all of the prompts in the response file and specify the -silent option when starting Oracle Universal Installer, then Oracle Universal Installer runs in silent mode. During a silent mode installation, Oracle Universal Installer does not display any screens. Instead, it displays progress information in the terminal that you used to start it. How Response Files Work A-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Response file mode If you include responses for some or all of the prompts in the response file and omit the -silent option, then Oracle Universal Installer runs in response file mode. During a response file mode installation, Oracle Universal Installer displays all the screens, screens for which you specify information in the response file and also screens for which you did not specify the required information in the response file. The advantage is that you can validate the values in the screens for which you have provided the information in the response file and continue with the installation. You define the settings for a silent or response file installation by entering values for the variables listed in the response file. For instance, to specify the Oracle home location, you would supply the appropriate value for the ORACLE_HOME variable, as follows: ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Another way of specifying the response file’s variable settings is to pass them as command line arguments when you run Oracle Universal Installer. For example: -silent directory_path In this command, directory_path is the path to the database directory on the installation media or on the hard drive. This method is particularly useful if you do not want to embed sensitive information, such as passwords, in the response file. For example: -silent "s_dlgRBOPassword=password" ... Ensure that you enclose the variable and its setting in quotation marks. See Also: ■ Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for more information about response file formats ■ My Oracle Support Web site for more information about response files: https://support.oracle.com/ Reasons for Using Silent Mode or Response File Mode The following table describes several reasons why you might want to run Oracle Universal Installer in silent mode or response file mode. Mode Uses Silent Use silent mode to: ■ Complete an unattended installation, which you might schedule using operating system utilities such as cron ■ Complete several similar installations on multiple systems without user interaction ■ Install the software on a system that does not have X Window System software installed on it Oracle Universal Installer displays progress information in the terminal that you used to start it, but it does not display any of Oracle Universal Installer screens. Creating the oraInst.loc File Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-3 Creating a Database Using Oracle Automatic Storage Management as the Storage Option for Database Files Before you create a database that uses Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), you must run the root.sh script. For this reason, you cannot create a database using Oracle ASM as the storage option for database files during a silent-mode installation. Instead, you can complete a software-only installation using silent mode, and then run Oracle Net Configuration Assistant and Database Configuration Assistant in silent mode after you complete the software-only installation and run the root.sh script. Note: This limitation applies only to databases that use Oracle ASM as the storage option for database files. You can create a database that uses the file system option during a silent mode installation. General Procedure for Using Response Files The following are the general steps to install and configure Oracle products using Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode: Note: You must complete all required preinstallation tasks on a system before running Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode. 1. Create the oraInst.loc file. 2. Prepare a response file. 3. Run Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode. 4. If you completed a software-only installation, then run Net Configuration Assistant and Database Configuration Assistant in silent or response file mode, if required. These steps are described in the following sections. Creating the oraInst.loc File If you plan to install Oracle products using Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode, then you must manually create the oraInst.loc file if it does not exist. This file specifies the location of the Oracle Inventory directory where Oracle Universal Installer creates the inventory of Oracle products installed on the system. Response File Use response file mode to complete similar Oracle software installations on multiple systems, providing default answers to some, but not all of Oracle Universal Installer prompts. In response file mode, all the installer screens are displayed, but defaults for the fields in these screens are provided by the response file. You must provide information for the fields in screens where you have not provided values in the response file. Mode Uses Note: If Oracle software was installed previously on the system, the oraInst.loc file might exist. If the file does exist, you do not have to create a file. Preparing a Response File A-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide To create the oraInst.loc file, follow these steps: 1. Switch the user to root: $ su - root 2. Create the /etc/ directory if it does not exist: # mkdir /etc/ 3. Change the directory: # cd /etc/ 4. Use a text editor to create the oraInst.loc file, containing the following lines: inventory_loc=u01/app/oraInventory inst_group=oinstall In this example, inventory_loc is the location of the Oracle inventory; and the inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group (in this example, oinstall). 5. Enter the following commands to set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on the oraInst.loc file: # chown oracle:oinstall oraInst.loc # chmod 664 oraInst.loc Preparing a Response File This section describes the following methods to prepare a response file for use during silent mode or response file mode installations: ■ Editing a Response File Template ■ Saving a Response File Editing a Response File Template This method is most useful for the Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition installation types. Oracle provides response file templates for each product and installation type, and for each configuration tool. These files are located in the database/response directory on the installation media. Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk, the response files are located in the database/response directory. Table A–1 lists the response files provided with Oracle Database. Table A–1 Response Files Response File Description db_install.rsp Silent installation of Oracle Database 11g grid_install.rsp Silent installation of Oracle Grid Infrastructure dbca.rsp Silent installation of Database Configuration Assistant netca.rsp Silent installation of Oracle Net Configuration Assistant Preparing a Response File Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-5 To copy and modify a response file: 1. Copy the response file from the response file directory to a directory on your system: $ cp /directory_path/response/response_file.rsp local_directory In this example, directory_path is the path to the database directory on the installation media. If you copy the software to a hard drive, then edit the file in the response directory. 2. Open the response file in a text editor: $ vi /local_dir/response_file.rsp Remember that you can specify sensitive information, such as passwords, at the command line rather than within the response file. "How Response Files Work" on page A-1 explains this method. See Also: Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for detailed information about creating response files 3. Follow the instructions in the file to edit it. Note: The installer or configuration assistants fail if you do not correctly configure the response file. See the "Silent-Mode Response File Error Handling" section on page G-6 for more information about troubleshooting a failed response file mode installation. 4. Change the permissions on the file to 700: $ chmod 700 /local_dir/response_file.rsp Note: A fully specified response file for an Oracle Database installation contains the passwords for database administrative accounts and for a user who is a member of the OSDBA group (required for automated backups). Ensure that only the Oracle software owner user can view or modify response files or consider deleting them after the installation succeeds. Saving a Response File You can use Oracle Universal Installer in interactive mode to save a response file, which you can edit and then use to complete silent mode or response file mode installations. This method is useful for custom or software-only installations. Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File A-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Starting with Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2), you can save all the installation steps into a response file during installation. You can click the Save Response File button on the Summary page to do this. Later, this file can be used for a silent installation. When you save the response file, you can either complete the installation, or you can exit from Oracle Universal Installer on the Summary page, before it starts to copy the software to the system. If you save a response file during a silent installation, then Oracle Universal Installer saves the variable values that were specified in the original source response file into the new response file. Note: Oracle Universal Installer does not save passwords in the response file. To save a response file: 1. Complete the preinstallation tasks listed in Chapter 2. When you run Oracle Universal Installer to save a response file, it checks the system to verify that it meets the requirements to install the software. For this reason, Oracle recommends that you complete all of the required preinstallation tasks and save the response file while completing an installation. 2. If you have not installed Oracle software on this system previously, create the oraInst.loc file as described in "Creating the oraInst.loc File" on page A-3. 3. Ensure that the Oracle software owner user has permissions to create or write to the Oracle home path that you specify when you run Oracle Universal Installer. 4. On each Oracle Universal Installer screen, provide the required information. See Also: "Running Oracle Universal Installer" on page 4-9 for information about the installation process 5. When Oracle Universal Installer displays the Summary screen, perform the following: a. Click Save Response File and provide a file name and location for the response file. Then, click Save to save the values to the file. b. Click Finish to continue with the installation. Click Cancel if you do not want to continue with the installation. The installation stops, but the saved response file is retained. 6. Before you use the saved response file on another system, edit the file and make any required changes. Use the instructions in the file as a guide when editing it. Running Oracle Universal Installer Using a Response File Now, you are ready to run Oracle Universal Installer at the command line, specifying the response file you created, to perform the installation. The Oracle Universal Installer executable, runInstaller, provides several options. For help information about the full set of these options, run the runInstaller command with the -help option, for example: Running Net Configuration Assistant Using a Response File Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-7 $ directory_path/runInstaller -help The help information appears in a window after some time. To run Oracle Universal Installer using a response file: 1. Complete the preinstallation tasks listed in Chapter 2. 2. Log in as the Oracle software owner user (typically, oracle). 3. If you are completing a response file mode installation, set the DISPLAY environment variable. Note: You do not have to set the DISPLAY environment variable if you are completing a silent mode installation. 4. To start Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode, enter a command similar to the following: $ /directory_path/runInstaller [-silent] [-noconfig] \ -responseFile responsefilename Note: Do not specify a relative path to the response file. If you specify a relative path, then Oracle Universal Installer fails. In this example: ■ directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD or on the hard drive. ■ -silent runs Oracle Universal Installer in silent mode. ■ -noconfig suppresses running the configuration assistants during installation, and a software-only installation is performed instead. ■ responsefilename is the full path and file name of the installation response file that you configured. 5. When the installation completes, log in as the root user and run the root.sh script: $ sudo sh password: # /oracle_home_path/root.sh Running Net Configuration Assistant Using a Response File You can run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode to configure and start an Oracle Net listener on the system, configure naming methods, and configure Oracle Net service names. To run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode, you must copy and edit a response file template. Oracle provides a response file template named netca.resp in the response directory in the database/response directory on the DVD. Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk, then the response file template is located in the database/response directory. Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File A-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide To run Net Configuration Assistant using a response file: 1. Copy the netca.rsp response file template from the response file directory to a directory on your system: $ cp /directory_path/response/netca.rsp local_directory In this example, directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD. If you cope the software to a hard drive, you can edit the file in the response directory if you prefer. 2. Open the response file in a text editor: $ vi /local_dir/netca.rsp 3. Follow the instructions in the file to edit it. Note: Net Configuration Assistant fails if you do not correctly configure the response file. 4. Log in as the Oracle software owner user, and set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the correct Oracle home directory. 5. Enter a command similar to the following to run Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responsefile /local_dir/netca.rsp In this command: ■ The /silent option runs Net Configuration Assistant in silent mode. ■ local_dir is the full path of the directory where you copied the netca.rsp response file template. Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File You can run Database Configuration Assistant in response file or silent mode to configure and start an Oracle database on the system. To run Database Configuration Assistant in response file or silent mode, you must copy and edit a response file template. Oracle provides a response file template named dbca.rsp in the database/response directory on the DVD. Note: If you copied the software to a hard disk, then the response file template is located in the database/response directory. See Also: "Oracle ASM Configuration Assistant Command-Line Interface" section in Oracle Automatic Storage Management Administrator's Guide for information about running Oracle ASMCA in noninteractive mode This section contains the following topics: ■ Using Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode ■ Using Database Configuration Assistant in Silent Mode ■ Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode Running Database Configuration Assistant Using a Response File Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-9 Using Database Configuration Assistant in Response File Mode Use the -progressOnly flag to set the mode to response file. In the response file mode, Database Configuration Assistant uses values that you specify, in the response file or as command line options, to create a database. As it configures and starts the database, it displays a window that contains status messages and a progress bar. The window that it displays is the same window that is displayed when you choose to create a preconfigured database during an Enterprise Edition or Standard Edition installation. To run Database Configuration Assistant in response file mode, you must use a graphical display and set the DISPLAY environment variable. Using Database Configuration Assistant in Silent Mode Use -silent flag to set the mode to silent. In the silent mode, Database Configuration Assistant uses values that you specify, in the response file or as command-line options, to create a database. Running Database Configuration Assistant in Response File or Silent Mode To run Database Configuration Assistant in response file or silent mode: Note: Instead of editing the response file template, you can create a database by specifying all required information as command-line options when you run Database Configuration Assistant. For information about the list of options supported, enter the following command: $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -help 1. Copy the dbca.rsp response file template from the response file directory to a directory on your system: $ cp /directory_path/response/dbca.rsp local_directory In this example, directory_path is the path of the database directory on the DVD. If you copy the software to a hard drive, you can edit the file in the response directory if you prefer. 2. Open the response file in a text editor: $ vi /local_dir/dbca.rsp 3. Edit the file, following the instructions in the file. Note: Database Configuration Assistant fails if you do not correctly configure the response file. 4. Log in as the Oracle software owner user, and set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the correct Oracle home directory. 5. If you intend running Database Configuration Assistant in response file mode, set the DISPLAY environment variable. 6. Enter a command similar to the following to run Database Configuration Assistant in response file or silent mode with a response file: $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca {-progressOnly | -silent} -responseFile \ Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File A-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide /local_dir/dbca.rsp In this example: ■ The -silent option runs Database Configuration Assistant in silent mode. ■ The -progressOnly option runs Database Configuration Assistant in response file mode. ■ local_dir is the full path of the directory where you copied the dbca.rsp response file template. Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File Use the following sections to create and run a response file configuration after installing the Oracle software. About the Postinstallation Configuration File When you run a silent or response file installation, you provide information about your servers in a response file that you would otherwise provide manually during a graphical user interface installation. However, the response file does not contain passwords for user accounts that configuration assistants require after the software installation is complete. The configuration assistants are started with a script called configToolAllCommands. You can run this script in response file mode by using a password response file. The script uses the passwords to run the configuration tools in succession to complete the configuration. If you keep the password file to use for clone installations, then Oracle recommends that you store it in a secure location. In addition, if you must stop an installation to fix an error, you can run the configuration assistants using configToolAllCommands and a password response file. The configToolAllCommands password response file consists of the following syntax options: ■ internal_component_name is the name of the component that the configuration assistant configures ■ variable_name is the name of the configuration file variable ■ value is the desired value to use for the configuration The command syntax is as follows: internal_component_name|variable_name=value For example: oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=welcome Oracle recommends that you maintain security with a password response file: ■ Set the permissions on the response file to 600. ■ The response file owner must be the installation owner user, with the group set to the central inventory (oraInventory) group. Running Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File To run configuration assistants with the configToolAllCommands script: 1. Create a response file using the syntax filename.properties. For example: Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File Installing and Configuring Oracle Database Using Response Files A-11 $ touch cfgrsp.properties 2. Open the file with a text editor, and cut and paste the password template, modifying it as needed. Example A–1 Password response file for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server Oracle Grid Infrastructure requires passwords for Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant (Oracle ASMCA) and for Intelligent Platform Management Interface Configuration Assistant (IPMICA) if you have a BMC card and you want to enable this feature. Provide the following response file: oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.asm|S_ASMMONITORPASSWORD=password Example A–2 Password response file for Oracle Database Oracle Database configuration requires the SYS, SYSTEM, SYSMAN, and DBSNMP passwords for use with Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA). The S_ ASMSNMPPASSWORD response file is necessary only if the database is using Oracle ASM for storage. Also, if you selected to configure Oracle Enterprise Manager, then you must provide the password for the Oracle software installation owner for the S_ HOSTUSERPASSWORD response, similar to the following example: oracle.assistants.server|S_SYSPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.server|S_SYSTEMPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.server|S_SYSMANPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.server|S_DBSNMPPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.server|S_HOSTUSERPASSWORD=password oracle.assistants.server|S_ASMSNMPPASSWORD=password If you do not want to enable Oracle Enterprise Manager or Oracle ASM, then leave those password fields blank 3. Change permissions to secure the file. For example: $ ls -al cfgrsp -rw------- 1 oracle oinstall 0 Apr 30 17:30 cfgrsp 4. Change the directory to $ORACLE_HOME/cfgtoollogs Run the configuration script using the following syntax: configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/path/name.properties for example: $ ./configToolAllCommands RESPONSE_FILE=/home/oracle/cfgrsp.properties Postinstallation Configuration Using a Response File A-12 Oracle Database Installation Guide B Cloning an Oracle Home B-1 B Cloning an Oracle Home Cloning an Oracle home involves creating a copy of the Oracle home and then configuring it for a new environment. If you are performing multiple Oracle Database installations, then you may want to use this method to create each Oracle home, because copying files from an existing Oracle Database installation takes less time than creating a new version of them. This method is also useful if the Oracle home that you are cloning has had patches applied to it. When you clone the Oracle home, the new Oracle home has the patch updates. When you clone Oracle homes using release 11.2 Database Control, you must update the exclude file list. This file list specifies files that need not be included when the source Oracle home is archived because these files are not required for the cloning operation. Do not include the following files in the archive: ■ sqlnet.ora ■ tnsnames.ora ■ listener.ora ■ oratab Note: In addition to cloning an Oracle home, you can clone individual Oracle Database installations by using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control. Oracle Database Administrator's Guide provides detailed information about cloning Oracle Database installations and Oracle homes. This appendix includes information about the following topics: ■ Cloning an Oracle Home ■ Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home Cloning an Oracle Home Perform the following to clone an Oracle home: 1. Verify that the installation of Oracle Database to clone is successful. You can do this by reviewing the installActionsdate_time.log file for the installation session, which is typically located in the /orainventory_ location/logs directory. If you install patches, then check their status using the following: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch Cloning an Oracle Home B-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide Include $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch in $PATH $ opatch lsinventory 2. Stop all processes related to the Oracle home. See Chapter 7, "Removing Oracle Database Software" for more information about stopping the processes for an Oracle home. 3. Create a ZIP file with the Oracle home (but not the Oracle base) directory. For example, if the source Oracle installation is in the /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1, then you zip the dbhome_1 directory by using the following command: # zip -r dbhome_1.zip /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Do not include the admin, fast_recovery_area, and oradata directories that are under the Oracle base directory. These directories are created in the target installation later, when you create a new database there. 4. Copy the ZIP file to the root directory of the target computer. 5. Extract the ZIP file contents by using the following command: # unzip -d / dbhome_1.zip 6. Repeat steps 4 and 5 for each computer where you want to clone the Oracle home, unless the Oracle home is on a shared storage device. 7. On the target computer, change the directory to the unzipped Oracle home directory, and remove all the .ora (*.ora) files present in the unzipped $ORACLE_ HOME/network/admin directory. 8. From the $ORACLE_HOME/clone/bin directory, run the clone.pl file for the unzipped Oracle home. Use the following syntax: $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE="target_oracle_base" ORACLE_ HOME="target_oracle_home" OSDBA_GROUP=OSDBA_privileged_group OSOPER_GROUP=OSOPER_privileged_group -defaultHomeName For example: $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl clone.pl ORACLE_BASE="/u01/app/oracle/" ORACLE_ HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1" OSDBA_GROUP=dba OSOPER_GROUP=oper -defaultHomeName Oracle Universal Installer starts, and then records the cloning actions in the cloneActionstimestamp.log file. This log file is typically located in /orainventory_location/logs directory. 9. To configure the connection information for the new database, run Net Configuration Assistant: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ ./netca 10. To create a new database for the newly cloned Oracle home, run Database Configuration Assistant: $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/bin $ ./dbca See Also: ■ Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for detailed information about using Oracle Universal Installer to clone an Oracle Database home ■ Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about cloning Oracle databases and cloning an Oracle Database home Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home Cloning an Oracle Home B-3 Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home Perform the following to configure Oracle Configuration Manager for a cloned Oracle home: 1. Run the following command from $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/state: $ rm -rf *.ll* 2. Run the following command from $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/inventory: $ cp core.jar pending 3. Run the following commands from $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/bin: $ ./emSnapshotEnv $ ./deployPackages 4. Run the following command from $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/bin and provide the proper credentials: $ ./configCCR If Oracle Configuration Manager was manually configured using setupCCR, then perform the following in the cloned Oracle home: 1. Delete all the subdirectories of the $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/hosts directory to remove previously configured hosts. 2. Run the following command from $ORACLE_HOME/ccr/bin: $ ./configCCR -a If you installed Oracle Configuration Manager in the original Oracle home but have not configured it, then run the following command in the cloned Oracle home: $ setupCCR Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home B-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide C Using NAS Devices C-1 C Using NAS Devices This appendix provides guidelines for using a network attached storage (NAS) device for Oracle software and database files. It includes information about the following: ■ General Configuration Guidelines for NAS Devices ■ NFS Feature Description ■ Choosing Mount Points ■ Creating Files on a NAS Device for Use with Oracle Automatic Storage Management ■ NFS Mount Options See Also: ■ "Configuring and Using Direct NFS Client" on page 5-11 ■ Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for information about using NAS devices on Oracle Real Application Clusters General Configuration Guidelines for NAS Devices See the documentation provided with the NAS device for specific information about how to configure it. In addition, use the following guidelines to ensure the performance of the Oracle software: ■ Before using the NAS device for the installation, verify that it is certified. Note: For certification information refer to note 359515.1 on the My Oracle Support Web site: https://support.oracle.com/ ■ The performance of Oracle software and databases stored on NAS devices depends on the performance of the network connection between the Oracle server and the NAS device. For this reason, Oracle recommends that you connect the server to the NAS device using a private dedicated network connection, which should be Gigabit Ethernet or better. ■ For single-instance database installations, Oracle recommends that you create a separate Oracle home directory for each installation. Run the software in this Oracle home directory only from the system that you used to install it. NFS Feature Description C-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide NFS Feature Description The following are the features of Network File Storage (NFS): ■ The Oracle kernel handles the best possible configuration to perform optimal I/O using available resources to enable better configuration management. ■ An NFS available across different platforms. ■ Oracle uses the Oracle Disk Manager (ODM) to control NFS. ODM NFS helps standardize all the configuration parameters that can be tuned. ■ ODM NFS has a stable NFS client that does not affect kernel performance. It optimizes the I/O path when making NFS operations.This ensures higher stability. ■ NFS provides better diagnostics in case of errors. See Also: Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for Linux and UNIX for information on ODM Choosing Mount Points This section provides guidelines on how to choose the mount points for the file systems to use for the Oracle software and database files. The guidelines contained in the following sections follow the Optimal Flexible Architecture recommendations: ■ Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Software Files ■ Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Database and Recovery Files Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Software Files Oracle software files are stored in three different directories: ■ Oracle base directory ■ Oracle inventory directory ■ Oracle home directory For the first installation of Oracle software on a system, the Oracle base directory, identified by the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, is usually the parent directory for both the Oracle Inventory and Oracle home directories. For example, for a first installation, the Oracle base, Oracle Inventory, and Oracle home directories might have paths similar to the following: Directory Path Oracle base ($ORACLE_BASE) /u01/app/oracle Oracle Inventory $ORACLE_BASE/oraInventory Oracle home $ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 For subsequent installations, you can use either the same Oracle base directory or a different one, but every subsequent installation uses the original Oracle Inventory directory. For example, if you use the /u02/app/oracle directory as the Oracle base directory for a new installation, then the Oracle Inventory directory continues to be /u01/app/oracle/oraInventory. To enable you to effectively maintain the Oracle software on a particular system, Oracle recommends that you keep the Oracle Inventory directory only on a local file Choosing Mount Points Using NAS Devices C-3 system, if possible. If you must place the Oracle Inventory directory on a NAS device, create a specific directory for each system, to prevent multiple systems from writing to the same inventory directory. Directory-Specific Guidelines You can use any of the following directories as mount points for NFS used to store Oracle software: Note: In the following examples, the paths shown are the defaults if the ORACLE_BASE environment variable is set before you start Oracle Universal Installer. ■ Oracle base directory or its parents (/u01/app/oracle for example) If you use the Oracle base directory of one of its parents as a mount point, then the default location for all Oracle software and database files is on that file system. During the installation, consider changing the default location of the following directories: – The Oracle Inventory directory (oracle_base/oraInventory) Specify a local file system or a host-specific directory on the NFS, for example: oracle_base/hostname/oraInventory – The Oracle database file directory (oracle_base/oradata) You might want to use a different file system for database files, for example, to enable you to specify different mount options or to distribute I/O. – The Oracle database recovery file directory (oracle_base/fast_recovery_ area) Oracle recommends that you use different file systems for database and recovery files. If you use this mount point, then all Oracle installations that use this Oracle base directory use the NFS. ■ The product directory (oracle_base/product) By default, only software files are located on the NFS. You can also use this mount point to install software from different releases, for example: /u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0 /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/dbhome_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 ■ The release directory (oracle_base/product/11.2.0) By default, only software files are located on the NFS. You can also use this mount point to install different products from the same release, for example: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/client_1 ■ The Oracle home directory (oracle_base/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1) By default, only software files are located on the NFS file system. This is the most restrictive mount point. You can use it only to install a single release of one product: Creating Files on a NAS Device for Use with Oracle Automatic Storage Management C-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Choosing Mount Points for Oracle Database and Recovery Files To store Oracle database or recovery files on a NAS device, you can use different paths depending on whether you want to store files from only one database or from multiple databases: ■ Use the NFS for files from multiple databases To store the database files or recovery files from multiple databases on the same NFS, use paths or mount points similar to the following: File Type Path or Mount Point Database files /u02/oradata Recovery files /u03/fast_recovery_area When Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the data file and the recovery file directories, specify these paths. Database Configuration Assistant and Oracle Enterprise Manager create subdirectories in these directories using the value you specify for the database name (DB_NAME) as the directory name, for example: /u02/oradata/db_name1 /u03/fast_recovery_area/db_name1 ■ Use the NFS for files from only one database To store the database files or recovery files for only one database in the NFS, you can create mount points similar to the following, where orcl is the name of the database: /u02/oradata/orcl /u03/fast_recovery_area/orcl Specify the directory /u02/oradata when Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the data file directory and specify the directory /u03/fast_recovery_area when Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the recovery file location. The orcl directory is used automatically either by Database Configuration Assistant or by Oracle Enterprise Manager. Creating Files on a NAS Device for Use with Oracle Automatic Storage Management If you have a certified NAS device, then you can create zero-padded files in an NFS mounted directory and use those files as disk devices in an Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) disk group. To create these files, follow these steps: Note: To use files as disk devices in an Oracle ASM disk group, the files must be on an NFS mounted file system. You cannot use files on local file systems. 1. If necessary, create an exported directory for the disk group files on the NAS device. NFS Mount Options Using NAS Devices C-5 See the NAS device documentation for more information about completing this step. 2. Switch the user to root: $ sudo sh password: 3. Create a mount point directory on the local system: # mkdir -p /mnt/oracleasm 4. To ensure that NFS is mounted when the system restarts, add an entry for the file system in the /etc/mtab mount file. For more information about editing the mount file for the operating system, see the man pages. For more information about recommended mount options, see "NFS Mount Options" section on page C-5. 5. Enter a command similar to the following to mount the NFS on the local system: # mount /mnt/oracleasm 6. Choose a name for the disk group to create, for example, nfsdg. 7. Create a directory for the files on the NFS file system, using the disk group name as the directory name: # mkdir /mnt/oracleasm/nfsdg 8. Use commands similar to the following to create the required number of zero-padded files in this directory: # dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/oracleasm/nfsdg/disk1 bs=1024k count=1000 This example creates 1 GB files on the NFS. You must create one, two, or three files respectively to create an external, normal, or high redundancy disk group. Note: Creating multiple zero-padded files on the same NAS device does not guard against NAS failure. Instead, create one file for each NAS device and mirror them using the Oracle ASM technology. 9. Enter the following commands to change the owner, group, and permissions on the directory and files that you created: # chown -R oracle:dba /mnt/oracleasm # chmod -R 660 /mnt/oracleasm 10. When you are creating the database, edit the Oracle ASM disk discovery string to specify a regular expression that matches the file names you created. For example, you might specify a disk discovery string similar to the following: /mnt/oracleasm/nfsdg/* NFS Mount Options You must mount NFS volumes used for storing database files with special mount options on the host where the database server is running. When mounting an NFS file system, Oracle recommends that you use the same mount point options that the NAS NFS Mount Options C-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide vendor used when certifying the device. See the device documentation or contact the vendor for information about recommended mount-point options. D Optimal Flexible Architecture D-1 D Optimal Flexible Architecture This appendix describes the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) standard. This standard is a set of configuration guidelines created to ensure well organized Oracle installations that are easier to maintain. It includes information about the following topics: ■ Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard ■ Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture Overview of the Optimal Flexible Architecture Standard The Optimal Flexible Architecture standard helps you to organize database software and configure databases to allow multiple databases, of different versions, owned by different users to coexist. Optimal Flexible Architecture assists in identification of ORACLE_BASE with its Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) diagnostic data to properly collect incidents. All Oracle components on the installation media are compliant with Optimal Flexible Architecture. Oracle Universal Installer places Oracle Database components in directory locations, assigning the default permissions that follow Optimal Flexible Architecture guidelines. Oracle recommends that you use Optimal Flexible Architecture, especially if the database is huge, or if you plan to have multiple databases. Advantages of Multiple Oracle Homes and OFA When you install Oracle database, you are installing a large application that your computer can support. Using multiple Oracle homes and Optimal Flexible Architecture provides many advantages when administering large databases. The following advantages are important: ■ Structured organization of directories and files, and consistent naming for database files simplify database administration. ■ Distribution of I/O across multiple disks prevents performance bottlenecks caused by multiple read or write commands issued simultaneously to a single drive. ■ Distribution of applications across multiple disks safeguards against database failures. ■ Login home directories are not at risk when database administrators add, move, or delete Oracle home directories. ■ Multiple databases, of different versions, owned by different users can coexist concurrently. Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture D-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Software upgrades can be tested in an Oracle home in a separate directory from the Oracle home where your production database is located. Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture This section describes the naming strategy recommended by the Optimal Flexible Architecture standard. It contains the following sections: ■ File Systems ■ Naming Directories ■ Naming Database Files ■ Separating Segments with Different Requirements ■ Exploiting the Optimal Flexible Architecture Structure for Oracle Files ■ Optimal Flexible Architecture File Mapping File Systems The following sections describe the conventions for mount points: ■ Number of File Systems ■ Naming Conventions Number of File Systems To fully implement the Optimal Flexible Architecture recommendations for a database stored on file systems that are not striped or mirrored, you require at least three file systems located on separate physical devices. Naming Conventions Name all file system mount points using the syntax /pm, where p is a string constant and m is a unique fixed-length key (typically a two-digit number) used to distinguish each mount point. For example: /u01 and /u02, or /disk01 and /disk02. Naming Directories The following sections describe the naming conventions for directories that are compliant with the Optimal Flexible Architecture standard: ■ Oracle Base Directory Naming Convention ■ Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases (VLDBs) ■ Referring to Path Names ■ Oracle Home Directory Naming Convention ■ Naming Subdirectories Note: Ensure that the paths you select for Oracle software, such as the Oracle home path and the Oracle base path, use only ASCII characters. Because installation owner names are used by default for some paths, this ASCII character restriction applies to user names, file names, and directory names. Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture Optimal Flexible Architecture D-3 Oracle Base Directory Naming Convention The Oracle Base directory is the top level directory that you can use to install the various Oracle software products. You can use the same Oracle base directory for multiple installations. If different operating system users install Oracle software on the same system, then each user must create a separate Oracle base directory. Name Oracle base directories using the syntax /pm/s/u. Table D–1 describes the variables used in this syntax. Table D–1 Syntax for Naming Oracle Base Directories Variable Description pm A mount point name s A standard directory name u The name of the owner of the directory (the user running Oracle Universal Installer) For example, /u01/app/oracle is an Oracle base directory created by the oracle user and /u01/app/applmgr is an Oracle base directory created by the applmgr user. Placing Oracle base directories at the same level in the UNIX file system is advantageous because it enables you to refer to the collection of Oracle base directories on different mount points using a single pattern matching string, /*/app/*. Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases (VLDBs) If each disk drive contains database files from one application and there are enough drives for each database to prevent I/O bottlenecks, use the syntax /h/q/d for naming mount points. Table D–2 describes the variables used in this syntax. Table D–2 Syntax for Naming Mount Points for Very Large Databases Variable Description h Oracle base directory q A string denoting that Oracle data is stored in this directory, for example, oradata d The value of the initialization parameter DB_NAME (typically the same as the instance SID for single-instance databases) For example, to allocate two drives exclusively for the test database, name the mount points /u01/app/oracle/oradata/test and /u02/app/oracle/oradata/test. Referring to Path Names Refer to explicit path names only in files designed specifically to store them, such as the password file, /etc/passwd, and the Oracle oratab file. Refer to group memberships only in the /etc/group file. Oracle Home Directory Naming Convention To help fulfill the Optimal Flexible Architecture requirement of simultaneously running multiple versions of Oracle software, install the software in a directory matching the pattern /pm/s/u/product/v/type_[n]. Table D–3 describes the variables used in this syntax. Table D–3 Syntax for Naming Oracle Home Directories Variable Description pm A mount point name s A standard directory name u The name of the owner of the directory v The version of the software type The type of installation, for example Database (dbhome_1), Client (client), or Oracle Grid Infrastructure (grid) n An optional counter, which enables you to install the same product more than once in the same Oracle base directory Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture D-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide For example: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 indicates the Oracle home directory for the first installation of Oracle Database on this system. The ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set to the Oracle home directory. Naming Subdirectories To facilitate the organization of administrative data, Oracle recommends that you store database-specific administration files in subdirectories matching the pattern /h/admin/d/a/, where h is the Oracle base directory, d is the database name (DB_ NAME), and a is a subdirectory for specific types of database administration files. Table D–4 describes the database administration file subdirectories. Table D–4 Subdirectories for Database Administration Files Subdirectory Description arch Archived redo log files adump Audit files (Set the AUDIT_FILE_DEST initialization parameter to specify the adump directory. Clean out this subdirectory periodically create Contains the data pump file dp.log dpdump Default directory for data pump operations. Scripts used to create the database exp Database export files logbook Files recording the status and history of the database pfile Instance parameter files scripts Ad hoc SQL scripts For example, /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/scripts/ is the scripts subdirectory associated with the database named orcl. In Oracle Database 11g, Automatic Diagnostic Repository (ADR) directories replace the bdump, cdump, and udump directories. The ADR diagnostic data goes into the /h/diag/rdbms/d/i/ directory. where h is Oracle Base d is the database name i is the instance name. Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture Optimal Flexible Architecture D-5 The ADR home has the trace, alert, and incident sub-directories. Table D–5 describes the ADR directories. Table D–5 Locations for Diagnostic Traces Diagnostic Data 10g Location 11g Location Foreground Process traces user_dump_dest ADR_HOME/trace/ Background Process traces background_dump_dest ADR_HOME/trace/ Alert Log Data background_dump_dest ADR_HOME/alert/ Core Dump core_dump_dest ADR_HOME/incident/In/ Incident Dumps user_dump_dest or background_ dump_dest depending on the process ADR_HOME/incident/In/ Naming Database Files The following table lists the recommended file naming conventions for database files: Note: Oracle Managed Files (OMF) and files stored in Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk groups use different naming conventions. For more information about these naming conventions, refer to the Oracle Database Administrator's Guide. File Type File Naming Convention Control files /h/q/d/control.ctl Redo log files /h/q/d/redon.log Data files /h/q/d/tn.dbf The following table describes this syntax: Variable Description h Oracle base directory q A string (typically oradata) distinguishing Oracle data from all other files d The value of the DB_NAME initialization parameter (typically, the same as the instance SID for single-instance databases) t An Oracle tablespace name n A two-digit string Note: Do not store files other than control files, redo log files, or data files associated with database d in the path /h/q/d. Using this convention, it is easy to determine the database to which the /u01/app/oracle/oradata/sab/system01.dbf file belongs. Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture D-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Separating Segments with Different Requirements Separate groups of segments with different lifespans, I/O request demands, and backup frequencies across different tablespaces. Table D–6 describes the special tablespaces that the Database Configuration Assistant creates for each Oracle database. If you manually create a database, you must create the required tablespaces. These tablespaces are in addition to those required for application segments. See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for information about creating databases manually Table D–6 Special Tablespaces Tablespace Required Description EXAMPLE No The EXAMPLE tablespace used to store the Sample Schemas SYSAUX Yes Auxiliary tablespace to the SYSTEM tablespace SYSTEM Yes Data dictionary segments TEMP Yes Temporary segments UNDOTBS1 Yes Used by Oracle to store undo information USERS No Miscellaneous user segments Creating these special tablespaces is effective because data dictionary segments are never dropped, and no other segments that can be dropped are allowed in the SYSTEM tablespace. See Also: "Reviewing Tablespaces and Data Files, Redo Log Files, and Control Files" on page 6-11 for information about redo log, and control files Exploiting the Optimal Flexible Architecture Structure for Oracle Files Table D–7 describes the syntax used for identifying classes of files. Table D–7 Directory Structure Syntax for Identifying Classes of Files Directory Structure Syntax Description /u[0-9][0-9] User data directories /*/home/* User home directories /*/app/* User application software directories /*/app/applmgr Oracle applications software subtrees /*/app/oracle/product Oracle software subtrees /*/app/oracle/product/11.2.0 Oracle software subtree for release 11g products /*/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db* Oracle home directories for Oracle Database 11g /*/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid* Oracle home directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g for a standalone server, for user oracle /*/app/oracle/admin/orcl orcl database administrative subtrees /*/app/oracle/admin/orcl/arch/* orcl database archived log files /*/app/oracle/oradata Oracle data directories Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture Optimal Flexible Architecture D-7 Optimal Flexible Architecture File Mapping Table D–8 shows a hierarchical file mapping of a sample Optimal Flexible Architecture-compliant installation with two Oracle home directories and two databases. The database files are distributed across three mount points, /u02, /u03, and /u04. Note: Oracle recommends that you use Oracle ASM to provide greater redundancy and throughput. Table D–8 Hierarchical File Mapping for an Optimal Flexible Architecture Installation Directory Description / Root directory /u01/ User data mount point 1 /u01/app/ Subtree for application software /u01/app/oracle/ Oracle Base directory /u01/app/oracle/admin/ Subtree for database administration files /u01/app/oracle/admin/TAR Subtree for support log files /u01/app/oracle/admin/db_name1/ admin subtree for db_name1 database /u01/app/oracle/admin/db_name2/ admin subtree for db_name2 database /u01/app/oracle/doc/ Online documentation /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ Subtree for recovery files /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/db_name1 Recovery files for db_name1 database /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/db_name2 Recovery files for db_name2 database /u02/app/oracle/oradata /u03/app/oracle/oradata /u04/app/oracle/oradata Oracle data directory /u01/app/oracle/product/ Distribution files /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 Oracle home directory for Oracle Database, for user oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid Oracle home directory for Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server, for user oracle /u01/app/kjf/ Oracle base directory for user kjf /u01/app/edm/ Oracle base directory for user edm /*/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/* orcl database files /*/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/*.log orcl database redo log files Table D–7 (Cont.) Directory Structure Syntax for Identifying Classes of Files Directory Structure Syntax Description Implementing Optimal Flexible Architecture D-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide E Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers E-1 E Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers During installation, Oracle Universal Installer assigns port numbers to components from a set of default port numbers. This appendix lists the default port numbers and describes how to change the assigned port after installation. It includes information about the following topics: ■ About Managing Ports ■ Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLs ■ Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components ■ Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port ■ Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports About Managing Ports During installation, Oracle Universal Installer assigns port numbers to components from a set of default port numbers. Many Oracle Database components and services use ports. As an administrator, it is important to know the port numbers used by these services, and to ensure that the same port number is not used by two services on your host. Enter the following command to identify the ports currently used on your computer: $/bin/netstat -a Most port numbers are assigned during installation. Every component and service has an allotted port range, which is the set of port numbers Oracle Database attempts to use when assigning a port. Oracle Database starts with the lowest number in the range and performs the following checks: ■ Is the port used by another Oracle Database installation on the host? The installation may be up or down at the time; Oracle Database can still detect if the port is used. ■ Is the port used by a process that is currently running? This could be any process on the host, even a non-Oracle Database process. ■ Is the port listed in the /etc/services file? If the answer to any of the preceding questions is yes, Oracle Database moves to the next highest port in the allotted port range and continues checking until it finds a free port. Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLs E-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide Viewing Port Numbers and Access URLs In most cases, the Oracle Database component’s port number is listed in the tool used to configure the port. In addition, ports for some Oracle Database applications are listed in the portlist.ini file. This file is located in the $ORACLE_HOME/install directory. If you change a port number, it is not updated in the portlist.ini file, so you can only rely on this file immediately after installation. To find or change a port number, use the methods described in this appendix. Port Numbers and Protocols of Oracle Components The following table lists the port numbers and protocols used by components that are configured during the installation. By default, the first port in the range is assigned to the component, if it is available. Table E–1 Ports Used in Oracle Components Component and Description Default Port Number Port Range Protocol Oracle Net Services Listener Enables Oracle client connections to the database over the Oracle Net Services protocol. You can configure it during installation. To reconfigure this port, use Net Configuration Assistant. 1521 1024-65535 TCP Connection Manager Listening port for Oracle client connections to Oracle Connection Manager. It is not configured during installation, but can be configured manually by editing the cman.ora parameter file. You can find the file under /network/admin directory. 1630 1630 TCP Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control HTTP port for Enterprise Manager Database Control. It is configured during installation. "Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports" on page E-4 explains how to modify its port number. 1158 5500–5519 HTTP Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control RMI port for Enterprise Manager Database Control. It is configured during installation."Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports" on page E-4 explains how to modify its port number. 5520 5520–5539 TCP Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control JMS port for Enterprise Manager Database Control. It is configured during installation. "Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports" on page E-4 explains how to modify its port number. 5540 5540–5559 TCP Enterprise Manager Database Control Agent HTTP port for Enterprise Management Agent. It is configured during installation. "Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port" on page E-3 explains how to modify its port number. 3938 1830–1849 HTTP Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port Managing Oracle Database Port Numbers E-3 Changing the Oracle Enterprise Management Agent Port To find the current setting for the Oracle Management Agent port, search for EMD_URL in the $ORACLE_HOME/host_sid/sysman/config/emd.properties file. To change the Oracle Management Agent HTTP port, use the emca -reconfig ports command: emca -reconfig ports -AGENT_PORT 1831 Oracle XML DB The Oracle XML DB HTTP port is used if Web-based applications must access an Oracle database from an HTTP listener. It is configured during installation, but you cannot view it afterward. See Also: "Using HTTP(S) on a Standard Port Instead of an Oracle XML DB Default Port" in Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide 0 Configured Manually HTTP Oracle XML DB The Oracle XML DB FTP is used when applications must access an Oracle database from an FTP listener. It is configured during installation, but you cannot view it afterward. See Also: "Using FTP on the Standard Port Instead of the Oracle XML DB Default Port" in Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide 0 Configured Manually FTP Oracle RAC (UNIX) The port number is assigned automatically during installation. You cannot view or modify it afterward. Dynamic Dynamic UDP Oracle Clusterware Oracle Clusterware Daemon internode connection. The port number is assigned automatically during installation. You cannot view or modify it afterward. 49896 49896 TCP Cluster Synchronization Service (CSS) CSS daemon internode connection for the GM layer. The port number is assigned automatically. You cannot view or modify it. This port is used exclusively with the cluster interconnect, which is private network that is physically separated from the public network. Dynamic Dynamic TCP Oracle Cluster Registry The port number is assigned automatically during installation. You cannot view or modify it afterward. Dynamic Dynamic TCP Oracle Event Manager The port number is assigned automatically during installation. You cannot view or modify it afterward. 49897 49897–49898 TCP Cluster Manager The port number is assigned automatically during installation. You cannot view or modify it afterward. Dynamic Dynamic TCP Table E–1 (Cont.) Ports Used in Oracle Components Component and Description Default Port Number Port Range Protocol Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports E-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide Changing the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control Ports To find the current HTTP, RMI, and JMS port settings, search in the following files: ■ HTTP port: Search for REPOSITORY_URL in the $ORACLE_HOME/host_ sid/sysman/config/emd.properties file. ■ RMI port: Search for the port attribute in the rmi-server tag in the $ORACLE_ HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_host_sid/config/rmi.xml file. ■ JMS port: Search for the port attribute in the jms-server tag in the $ORACLE_ HOME/oc4j/j2ee/OC4J_DBConsole_host_sid/config/jms.xml file. To change the Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control ports, use the emca -reconfig ports command: $ORACLE_HOME/bin emca -reconfig ports option setting where option can be: ■ DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT: Sets the HTTP port, for example: emca -reconfig ports -DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT 1820 ■ RMI_PORT: Sets the RMI port, for example: emca -reconfig ports -RMI_PORT 5520 ■ JMS_PORT: Sets the JMS port, for example: emca -reconfig ports -JMS_PORT 5521 You can enter multiple -reconfig port settings in one line, for example: emca -reconfig ports -DBCONTROL_HTTP_PORT 1820 -AGENT_PORT 1821 -RMI_PORT 5520 F Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support F-1 F Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support This appendix describes the following Globalization Support topics: ■ Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages ■ Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages See Also: Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for an overview of globalization support for Oracle Database Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages This section describes the following procedures: ■ Configuring Oracle Components to Run in Different Languages ■ Installing Translation Resources Configuring Oracle Components to Run in Different Languages You can specify the language and the territory, or locale, in which you want to use Oracle components. The locale setting of a component determines the language of the user interface of the component and the globalization behavior, such as date and number formatting. Depending on the Oracle component, the locale of the component is either inherited from the operating system session that started the component, or is defined by the NLS_LANG environment variable. The operating system locale usually influences Oracle components that are based on Java technology. The NLS_LANG environment variable usually influences Oracle components that use Oracle Client libraries such as OCI. Note: The user interface of an Oracle component is displayed in a selected language only if the appropriate translation is available and has been installed. Else, the user interface is displayed in English. This section describes the following procedures: ■ Determining the Operating System Locale by Using the LANG Environment Variable ■ Configuring Locale and Character Sets Using NLS_LANG Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages F-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide Determining the Operating System Locale by Using the LANG Environment Variable The locale setting of your operating system session determines the language of the user interface and the globalization behavior for components such as Oracle Universal Installer, Oracle Net Configuration Assistant, and Oracle Database Configuration Assistant. It also determines the globalization behavior of Oracle Database sessions created by a user application through Oracle JDBC driver, unless overridden by the application. The operating system locale is determined by the value of the LANG environment variable. Depending on your desktop environment, such as KDE, GNOME, or telnet, you can select a default session locale on a login screen, in a configuration panel, or in a configuration file. Note: Refer to the operating system documentation on how to select a locale for the operating system session in your desktop environment. You can modify the LANG variable in the environment of your shell to start an Oracle component in a selected language. For example, to start Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in German, enter one of the following commands: ■ Bourne shell (sh), or Korn shell (ksh), or Bash shell (bash): $ LANG=de_DE.iso88591 dbca ■ C shell (csh): % (setenv LANG de_DE.iso88591; dbca) Note: The LC_ALL environment variable overrides the value of the LANG environment variable. For the commands listed in this section to work, either ensure that the LC_ALL environment variable is not set in the environment, or substitute LC_ALL for LANG. To modify the operating system locale for all Oracle components started by the given shell, modify the LANG variable using one of the following commands: ■ Bourne shell (sh), or Korn shell (ksh), or Bash shell (bash): $ LANG=de_DE.iso88591; export LANG $ ... ■ C shell (csh): % setenv LANG de_DE.iso88591 $ ... The value of the LANG environment variable must be a valid operating system locale. To see the list of valid locales, enter the following command: $ locale -a Note: Refer to the operating system documentation for a mapping between values of the LANG environment variable and the languages and territories that they represent. Installing and Using Oracle Components in Different Languages Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support F-3 Configuring Locale and Character Sets Using NLS_LANG The NLS_LANG environment variable determines the language of the user interface and the globalization behavior for components such as SQL*Plus, exp, and imp. It sets the language and territory used by the client application and the database user session. It also declares the character set for entering and displaying data by the client application. The NLS_LANG environment variable uses the following format: NLS_LANG=language_territory.characterset In this format: ■ language specifies the language used for displaying Oracle messages, sorting, day names, and month names ■ territory specifies the conventions for default date, monetary, and numeric formats ■ characterset specifies the encoding used by the client application In most cases, this is the Oracle character set that corresponds to the character set of the user terminal or the operating system. The NLS_LANG environment variable is set as a local environment variable for the shell on all UNIX-based platforms. For example, if the operating system locale setting is en_ US.UTF-8, then the corresponding value of NLS_LANG environment variable is AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8. See Also: Oracle Database Globalization Support Guide for information about the NLS_LANG parameter and Globalization Support initialization parameters The following examples illustrate some valid values for the NLS_LANG environment variable. Note: Refer to the operating system documentation on how to determine the operating system locale environment setting. Operating System Locale NLS_LANG Values French (France) FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P15 FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8ISO8859P1 FRENCH_FRANCE.WE8MSWIN1252 FRENCH_FRANCE.AL32UTF8 Japanese (Japan) JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16EUC JAPANESE_JAPAN.JA16SJIS JAPANESE_JAPAN.AL32UTF8 Installing Translation Resources To view the user interface of Oracle components in different languages, you must install the appropriate language translations along with the component. Note: Part of Oracle Database Vault user interface text is stored in database tables in the DVSYS schema. By default, only the English language is loaded into these tables. You can use Oracle Database Vault Configuration Assistant to add more languages to Oracle Database Vault. For the necessary steps, refer to Appendix C in Oracle Database Vault Administrator's Guide. Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages F-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide To install the translation resources: 1. Start Oracle Universal Installer. 2. In the Configure Security Updates screen enter the relevant information and click Next. 3. In the Download Software Updates and Apply Software Updates screens, enter the relevant information and click Next. 4. In the Select Installation Option screen, select the installation option and click Next. 5. In the System Class screen, select the type of system class for installing the database, and click Next. 6. In the Grid Installation Options screen, select the type of database installation you want to perform, and click Next. 7. In the Select Product Languages screen, select the language in which you want to use Oracle components from the Available Languages field. Note: The Available Languages field lists all languages supported by Oracle globalization libraries. The set of languages for which a translation is actually available is usually smaller and depends on a particular component. The scope of translation for a given component may differ between languages. For example, some translations may include all user interface text, while others may include only error messages and no help files. 8. Use the > arrow to move the selected language to the Selected Languages field, and then click Next. Note: Oracle Universal Installer ignores languages in the Selected Languages field for which no translation is available. Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages Your operating system locale determines the language in which Oracle Universal Installer runs. Oracle Universal Installer may run in one of the following languages: ■ Brazilian Portuguese (pt_BR) ■ French (fr) ■ German (de) ■ Italian (it) ■ Japanese (ja) Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages Configuring Oracle Database Globalization Support F-5 ■ Korean (ko) ■ Simplified Chinese (zh_CN) ■ Spanish (es) ■ Traditional Chinese (zh_TW) To run Oracle Universal Installer in an available language, change the locale in which your operating system session is running before you start Oracle Universal Installer with the ./runInstaller command. If the selected language is not one of those that were listed earlier, Oracle Universal Installer runs in English. You must ensure that the selected value for the LANG environment variable starts with the appropriate language abbreviation. In the aforementioned list of languages, in which Oracle Universal Installer can run, the required abbreviation appears in parentheses beside the language name. For example, fr_FR and fr_CA are valid values to run the Oracle Universal Installer in French. Running Oracle Universal Installer in Different Languages F-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide G Troubleshooting G-1 G Troubleshooting This appendix contains information about troubleshooting. It includes information about the following topics: ■ Verify Requirements ■ X Window Display Errors ■ Remote Terminal Installation Error ■ What to Do If an Installation Error Occurs? ■ Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session ■ Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart ■ Troubleshooting Host Name Changes and CSS ■ Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants ■ Troubleshooting Inventory Issues ■ Troubleshooting Screen Display Issues ■ Silent-Mode Response File Error Handling ■ Core File Not Enabled Error ■ Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation See Also: Chapter 6, "Troubleshooting Oracle Configuration Manager" in Oracle Configuration Manager Installation and Administration Guide for information about some errors that may occur while using Oracle Configuration Manager and tips to troubleshoot these errors Verify Requirements Before performing any of the troubleshooting steps in this appendix, ensure that the system meets the requirements and that you have completed all of the preinstallation tasks specified in Chapter 2. Read the Release Notes Read the release notes for the product before installing it. The release notes are available on the Oracle Database 11g DVD. The latest version of the release notes is also available on the Oracle Technology Network Web site: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html X Window Display Errors G-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide X Window Display Errors If you run Oracle Universal Installer on a remote system and you want to display Oracle Universal Installer’s user interface on your local system, you might see error messages similar to the following: "Failed to connect to server" "Connection refused by server" "Can’t open display" If you see any of these error messages, follow these steps: Note: This procedure applies only to users of UNIX workstations. If you are using a PC or other system with X server software installed, contact your X server vendor, system administrator, or refer to the X server documentation for information about how to permit remote systems to display X applications on the local system. 1. In a local terminal window, log in as the user that started the X Window session. 2. Enter the following command: $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name For example: $ xhost somehost.us.example.com 3. Enter the following commands, where workstation_name is the host name or IP address of your workstation: ■ Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell: $ DISPLAY=workstation_name:0.0 $ export DISPLAY ■ C shell: % setenv DISPLAY workstation_name:0.0 4. To determine if an X Window application displays correctly on the local system, enter the following command: $ xclock The X clock should appear on your monitor. 5. If the X clock appears, close the X clock and start Oracle Universal Installer again. See Also: PC-X Server or operating system vendor documents for further assistance Remote Terminal Installation Error If you run the installation from a remote terminal, or if you use an su command to change users you might receive an error similar to the following: Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/X11R6/bin/xdpyinfo Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session Troubleshooting G-3 This can occur if the DISPLAY variable is not set, or the user running the installation is not authorized to open an X window. For instance, if you use an su command to change from a user that is authorized to open an X window to a user account that is not authorized to open an X window on the display, such as a lower-privileged user opening windows on the root user's console display. To troubleshoot this issue, run the command echo $DISPLAY to ensure that the display variable is set to the correct visual or to the correct host. If the display variable is set correctly then either ensure that you are logged in as the user authorized to open an X window, or run the command xhost + to allow any user to open an X window. What to Do If an Installation Error Occurs? If you encounter an error during installation: ■ Do not exit Oracle Universal Installer. ■ If you click Next after you enter incorrect information on one of the installation screens, click Back to return to the screen and correct the information. ■ If you encounter errors while Oracle Universal Installer (OUI) is copying or linking files, then review the installation logs for more information. For copy file errors review: /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/timestamp for date of install.log /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/timestamp for date of install.err /u01/app/oraInventory/logs/timestamp for date of install.out For errors during linking review: $ORACLE_HOME/install/make.log If you encounter errors when you run the OUI, then rerun the OUI with the -debug option: $./runInstaller -debug Check the log file for details. Refer to "Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session" section on page G-3. ■ If you encounter an error while a configuration assistant is running, refer to "Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants" section on page G-5. ■ If you cannot resolve the problem, remove the failed installation by following the steps listed in the "Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation" section on page G-7. Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session During an installation, Oracle Universal Installer records all of the actions that it performs in a log file. If you encounter problems during the installation, review the log file for information about possible causes of the problem. To view the log file, follow these steps: 1. If necessary, enter the following command to determine the location of the oraInventory directory: $ cat /etc/oraInst.loc The inventory_loc parameter in this file specifies the location of the oraInventory directory. Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart G-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide 2. Enter the following command to change directory to Oracle Universal Installer log file directory, where orainventory_location is the location of the oraInventory directory: $ cd /orainventory_location/logs 3. Enter the following command to determine the name of the log file: $ ls -ltr Run these commands to list the files in the order of creation, with the most recent file shown last. Installer log files have names similar to the following, where date_ time indicates the date and the time when the installation started: installActionsdate_time.log oraInstalldate_time.err oraInstalldate_time.out 4. To view the most recent entries in the log file, where information about a problem is most likely to appear, enter a command similar to the following: $ tail -50 installActionsdate_time.log | more This command displays the last 50 lines in the log file. 5. If the error displayed by Oracle Universal Installer or listed in the log file indicates a relinking problem, refer to the following file for more information: $ORACLE_HOME/install/make.log Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart Running the roothas.pl command flags -deconfig -force enables you to deconfigure Oracle Restart without removing installed binaries. This feature is useful if you encounter an error during an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a standalone server installation, when running the root.sh command, such as a missing operating system package. By running roothas.pl -deconfig -force you can deconfigure Oracle Restart, correct the cause of the error, and then run root.sh again. Note: Stop any databases, services, and listeners that may be installed and running before deconfiguring Oracle Restart. To deconfigure Oracle Restart: 1. Log in as the root user. 2. Go to the Grid_home/crs/install directory. For example: # cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install 3. Run roothas.pl with the -deconfig -force flags. For example: # roothas.pl -deconfig -force Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants Troubleshooting G-5 Troubleshooting Host Name Changes and CSS If you change the host name for Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM), then the Oracle CSS daemon does not start. In order to solve this problem, perform the following: ■ Login as the root user ■ Run localconfig delete to deconfigure CSS. This removes any configuration related files on the system that referenced the old host name. ■ Run localconfig add to reconfigure CSS using the new host name. For Example: # $ORACLE_HOME/bin/localconfig [add] [delete] [ reset destination_Oracle_home ] [-silent] [-paramfile Complete_path_of_file_specifying_parameter_values] Troubleshooting Configuration Assistants To troubleshoot an installation error that occurs when a configuration assistant is running: ■ Review the installation log files listed in the "Reviewing the Log of an Installation Session" section on page G-3. ■ Review the specific configuration assistant log file located in the $ORACLE_ HOME/cfgtoollogs directory. Try to fix the issue that caused the error. ■ If you see the "Fatal Error. Reinstall" message, look for the cause of the problem by reviewing the log files. Refer to "Irrecoverable Errors" on page G-5 for further instructions. Configuration Assistant Failure Oracle configuration assistant failures are noted at the bottom of the installation screen. The configuration assistant interface displays additional information, if available. The configuration assistant execution status is stored in the following file: oraInventory_location/logs/installActionsdate_time.log The execution status codes are listed in the following table: Status Result Code Configuration assistant succeeded 0 Configuration assistant failed 1 Configuration assistant canceled -1 Irrecoverable Errors If you receive a irrecoverable error while a configuration assistant is running, you must remove the current installation and reinstall the Oracle software, as follows: 1. Remove the failed installation as described in the "Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation" section on page G-7. 2. Correct the cause of the irrecoverable error. 3. Reinstall the Oracle software. Troubleshooting Inventory Issues G-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide Troubleshooting Inventory Issues If you face any of the following situations for Oracle home, then run the opatch lsinventory -detail command to list the contents of the inventory and see section "Recovering from inventory corruption" in the Oracle Universal Installer and OPatch User's Guide for Windows and UNIX for information about fixing the issue. ■ Oracle home is cloned without completing the inventory steps. ■ There is bad inventory. ■ Inventory is not available but it is created when the Oracle Enterprise Manager Agent is installed in a separate Oracle home. Troubleshooting Screen Display Issues If you connect to Oracle database with a screen resolution of 640X480 or 800X600, then the Next button in the GUI is not visible as it hides behind the Taskbar. To fix this problem, perform one of the following: ■ Hide the Taskbar. ■ Move the Oracle Universal Installer screen up. ■ Set the screen resolution to 1024X768 or higher. Silent-Mode Response File Error Handling To determine if a silent-mode installation succeeds or fails, refer to the following log file: /oraInventory_location/logs/silentInstalldate_time.log If necessary, refer to the previous section for information about determining the location of the oraInventory directory. A silent installation fails if: ■ You do not specify a response file ■ You specify an incorrect or incomplete response file For example, a common problem is that while all the product-specific data is filled out correctly, the staging area location may be incorrect. If this is the case, check the FROM_LOCATION variable and ensure that it points to the products.xml file in the installation media. In the installation media, this products.xml is in response/stage. ■ Oracle Universal Installer encounters an error, such as insufficient disk space Oracle Universal Installer or configuration assistant validates the response file at run time. If the validation fails, the silent-mode installation or configuration process ends. Oracle Universal Installer treats values for parameters that are of the wrong context, format, or type as if no value was specified in the file. Core File Not Enabled Error The core file setting currently prevents the creation of a core file for process aborts and exceptions. Hence, you might receive the following error: Core files are not enabled Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation Troubleshooting G-7 The workaround is to enable core file creation. For example: # /sbin/sysctl -w fs.suid_dumpable=1 Also update the parameter value in /etc/sysctl.conf to enable core file creation. Enabling core file creation can vary between distributions; refer to your vendor documentation for details. Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation If an installation fails, you must remove files that Oracle Universal Installer created during the attempted installation using the Deinstallation Tool. For more information about how to run the Deinstallation Tool see Chapter 7, "Removing Oracle Database Software" and "Troubleshooting and Deconfiguring Oracle Restart" on page G-4 Cleaning Up After a Failed Installation G-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide H Frequently Asked Questions About Installation H-1 H Frequently Asked Questions About Installation Use the following guidelines to decide how to install Oracle Database components: ■ Installing Oracle Database ■ Installing Oracle Database Tools ■ Installing Oracle Database with Oracle Applications ■ Installing Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity Tools (Gateways) Note: Some Oracle Database components may not be available on all platforms. Consult your platform-specific installation guide or release notes. Installing Oracle Database The following are frequently asked questions about installing Oracle database: ■ I only need one instance of Oracle Database or I just want to install a test database to get familiar with the product. How do I install Oracle Database for these situations? ■ How can I create an Oracle database that can handle transaction-heavy or data warehousing applications? ■ What’s the best way to install multiple Oracle databases? ■ How do I configure client connections to an Oracle database? ■ What is the best way to install Oracle Client if my client nodes have limited disk space? ■ How do I upgrade Oracle Database? ■ The computers at my site have been configured to run as a cluster. How should I install Oracle Database? ■ How do I migrate my non-Oracle databases to Oracle Database? I only need one instance of Oracle Database or I just want to install a test database to get familiar with the product. How do I install Oracle Database for these situations? ■ If you want a quick installation using the default installation settings, then refer to the platform-specific Oracle Database Quick Installation Guide. Installing Oracle Database H-2 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ If your site has special requirements, then refer to this guide for more information. How can I create an Oracle database that can handle transaction-heavy or data warehousing applications? If you want to create a starter database designed for transaction-heavy or data warehousing applications, then refer to this guide for more details. Select the Advanced Installation method, and then select the database type you want on the Select Database Configuration screen. See Also: Oracle Database Data Warehousing Guide after installation Alternatively, you can install Oracle OLAP during the Oracle Database installation. Oracle OLAP provides optimal support for database environments that must meet OLAP requirements. To do so, in the Select Database Edition screen, select Enterprise Edition. Click the Select Options button, and from the Choose Components screen, select Oracle OLAP. See Also: ■ Oracle OLAP User's Guide ■ Oracle OLAP DML Reference ■ Oracle OLAP Java API Reference What’s the best way to install multiple Oracle databases? Use this guide to install Oracle Database using either of the following methods: ■ Installing with response files: This method lets you run Oracle Universal Installer at a command line using a response file that contains settings specific to each computer. ■ Cloning a Database: Install Oracle Database on one computer using interactive mode. You can also clone databases. Instructions for cloning databases are described in Oracle Database Administrator's Guide. How do I configure client connections to an Oracle database? 1. Install Oracle Database on a server by using this guide for more information. 2. Use Oracle Database Client Installation Guide to install Oracle Client on each client node, and select the Instant Client installation type. If you have many client nodes, consider staging the software centrally, mapping the drive, and running Oracle Universal Installer in the silent or response file mode. If the client nodes only require a default installation into a new Oracle home directory, consider using this guide for more information. What is the best way to install Oracle Client if my client nodes have limited disk space? 1. Install Oracle Database onto a server by using this guide for more details. 2. Use Oracle Database Client Installation Guide to install Oracle Client on each client node, and select the Instant Client installation type. If you have many client nodes, then consider running Oracle Universal Installer in silent or response file mode. Installing Oracle Database Tools Frequently Asked Questions About Installation H-3 How do I upgrade Oracle Database? Refer to Oracle Database Upgrade Guide. See Also: Oracle Database Administrator's Guide to use software cloning to upgrade Oracle Database The computers at my site have been configured to run as a cluster. How should I install Oracle Database? Use any of the following installation scenarios: ■ If you want to run a single-instance Oracle Database in a clustered environment, then install Oracle Clusterware either before or after you install Oracle Database. ■ If you want a consolidated pool of storage for all databases in a cluster, then install Oracle Clusterware first and use Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) to manage this storage. Afterward, install Oracle Database (which can be either a single instance database or Real Application Clusters). ■ If you plan to use Oracle Real Application Clusters, first install Oracle Clusterware, and then install Oracle Real Application Clusters. Refer to platform-specific Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for the platform to install Oracle Clusterware or Oracle Real Application Clusters. Oracle Clusterware is available on the Oracle Clusterware installation media. Refer to this guide which explains how to install Oracle ASM and Oracle Database. Oracle Clusterware is a key component required by Oracle Real Application Clusters installations. Oracle Clusterware is an integrated cluster management solution that can bind multiple servers to act as a single system. This is referred to as a cluster. It performs workload management and component restart. For example, when an instance supporting a particular service fails, Oracle Clusterware restarts the service on the next available instance that you have configured for that service. Oracle Clusterware can monitor non-Oracle programs, if they are defined within the Oracle Clusterware environment using the High Availability API. How do I migrate my non-Oracle databases to Oracle Database? Use Oracle Migration Workbench to migrate your non-Oracle databases and applications to Oracle. Oracle Migration Workbench software and documentation are available at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/migration/index.html http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/documentation/migration-101800.html Installing Oracle Database Tools The following are frequently asked questions about installing Oracle database tools: ■ How do I install Oracle Application Server? ■ How can I administer and monitor my Oracle Database products? ■ How do I manage security for my Oracle Database products? ■ How do I use Oracle Database to manage my XML data? ■ Does Oracle Database provide OLAP tools so that I can analyze data such as trends and time series in my database? Installing Oracle Database Tools H-4 Oracle Database Installation Guide ■ Does Oracle Database provide data mining tools that I can use to discover hidden meaning in my data and predict likely outcomes based on my data? ■ How do I perform backup and recovery operations for Oracle Database? ■ Is Oracle Workflow included with Oracle Database 11g? ■ Is there a migration plan for customers that have built solutions using Oracle Workflow? How do I install Oracle Application Server? Refer to Oracle Application Server Installation Guide. How you install Application Server depends on whether you have Oracle Database installed: ■ If you do not have Oracle Database installed or you do not want Oracle Application Server to use any of your existing Oracle Databases, then Oracle Universal Installer lets you install a separate Oracle Application Server instance. This database is populated with the metadata that Oracle Application Server must run. ■ If you want Oracle Application Server to use an existing Oracle Database, then do the following: 1. From the Oracle Application Server installation media, run Oracle Application Server Repository Creation Assistant to populate your database with the metadata that Application Server needs. 2. Install the remaining Oracle Application Server components by following the instructions in the Oracle Application Server Installation Guide. How can I administer and monitor my Oracle Database products? To perform regular administrative functions such as creating, configuring, or deleting databases, or managing database templates, use one of the following methods: To manage only the single database and listener that you are installing: 1. Use this guide to install Oracle Database. 2. From Oracle Database, use Database Configuration Assistant to manage your databases. You can also administer and monitor the database with Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control, which is installed by default with Oracle Database. Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control requires an agent which is not installed by default. Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control includes the Oracle Management Agent, Oracle Management Service, and Oracle Management Repository, and also Grid Control, a browser-based central console through which administrators can perform all monitoring, administration, and configuration tasks for the enterprise. See Also: Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration available on the Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media Documentation available on the Oracle Technology Network Web site at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/inde x.html Installing Oracle Database Tools Frequently Asked Questions About Installation H-5 To perform advanced administration tasks, such as monitoring Oracle Database and managing multiple hosts, application servers, and databases including the one that you are installing, install Oracle Enterprise Manager as follows: 1. Use this guide to install Oracle Database. If you plan to use Oracle Real Application Clusters, then install Oracle Database by using the platform-specific Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide. 2. Use Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control Installation and Basic Configuration to install and configure Oracle Enterprise Manager. For postconfiguration tasks, use Oracle Enterprise Manager Advanced Configuration. Refer to documentation available on the Enterprise Manager Grid Control installation media, or on the Oracle Technology Network Web site at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/indexes/documentation/index.html How do I manage security for my Oracle Database products? Oracle provides a wide range of security solutions for your enterprise environment, including centralized administration and security features integrated with Oracle Internet Directory. The set of Oracle security services called Oracle Platform Security integrates the security features built into Oracle Database, Oracle Application Server, and the Oracle Identity Management infrastructure. Combined, these features enable the development and deployment of secure e-business applications. Oracle Identity Management includes Oracle Internet Directory, a centralized repository that simplifies administration of users and applications in the Oracle environment with the following components: ■ Oracle Internet Directory client tools, including LDAP command-line tools, the Oracle Internet Directory SDK, and Oracle Directory Manager. ■ Oracle Internet Directory server components, including the directory server, the directory replication server, the directory integration server, and various tools for starting and stopping them. Oracle Database includes the Oracle Internet Directory client tools, but not the Oracle Internet Directory server components. To install the Oracle Internet Directory server components, run Oracle Universal Installer from an Oracle 10g Application Server installation. See Also: ■ Oracle Application Server Installation Guide (to install Oracle Identity Management) ■ Oracle Database Security Guide ■ Oracle Database Advanced Security Administrator's Guide ■ Oracle Database Enterprise User Security Administrator's Guide ■ Oracle Label Security Administrator's Guide ■ Oracle Application Server Security Guide ■ Oracle Technology Network topics on database security: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/whatsne w/index.html Installing Oracle Database Tools H-6 Oracle Database Installation Guide How do I use Oracle Database to manage my XML data? Use Oracle XML DB, which is installed as part of Oracle Database. Oracle XML DB enables you to efficiently store, generate, retrieve, query, and manage XML data on your site. Oracle XML DB provides all the advantages of a relational database, for example, allowing you to control the referential integrity of XML data with constraints and triggers. It works well with large amounts of XML data by storing it in a parsed, relational form, which improves access performance. Oracle XML DB supports XML Type, which is a native data type for XML data, for which you can choose various storage options depending on your needs. In addition, Oracle XML DB supports XML Schema processing, structured and unstructured storage, a content repository that you can access by using common protocols (FTP, HTTP(S), and WebDAV), and SQL/XML, which is a standard for SQL with XML. For Oracle Database 11g Release 1 (11.1), Oracle XML DB introduced support for the XQuery language for querying, transforming, and constructing XML; the ability for users to define their own metadata for schema-based XML; a set of new SQL functions for DML operations on XML data; and more. You can use Oracle XML DB with Oracle XML Developer’s Kit (XDK) to build applications that run on either Oracle Database or Oracle Application Server. See Also: ■ Oracle XML DB Developer's Guide ■ Oracle XML Developer's Kit Programmer's Guide Does Oracle Database provide OLAP tools so that I can analyze data such as trends and time series in my database? Yes, install Oracle OLAP, which is provided in the Oracle Database installation. Oracle OLAP provides optimal support for database environments that must meet OLAP requirements. Use either of the following methods in Oracle Database Installation Guide to install Oracle OLAP: ■ When you run Oracle Universal Installer, in the Select Database Edition screen, select Enterprise Edition. Click the Select Options button, and from the Choose Components screen, select Oracle OLAP. See Also: ■ Oracle OLAP User's Guide ■ Oracle OLAP DML Reference ■ Oracle OLAP Java API Reference ■ Select the Enterprise Edition installation type, and then on the Select Database Configuration screen, select the Data Warehouse configuration. See Also: Oracle Database Data Warehousing Guide after installation Does Oracle Database provide data mining tools that I can use to discover hidden meaning in my data and predict likely outcomes based on my data? Yes, you must have an Enterprise Edition licence for the database installation. Install Oracle Data Mining, which is provided in the Oracle Database installation. With the Oracle Data Mining option, you can create and execute predictive and descriptive data mining models that use a variety of algorithms. Installing Oracle Database Tools Frequently Asked Questions About Installation H-7 Use the following method in this guide to install Oracle Data Mining: 1. When you run Oracle Universal Installer, select the Enterprise Edition installation type. 2. In the Select Database Configuration screen, select the General Purpose/Transaction Processing configuration. See Also: The following manuals after you have installed Oracle Data Mining: ■ Oracle Data Mining Concepts ■ Oracle Data Mining Administrator's Guide ■ Oracle Data Mining Application Developer's Guide ■ Oracle Data Mining Java API Reference ■ Oracle Database PL/SQL Packages and Types Reference (search for Data Mining) How do I perform backup and recovery operations for Oracle Database? Use Oracle Database Recovery Manager (RMAN), which is a backup and recovery tool integrated into Oracle Database. This tool satisfies the pressing demands of high-performance, manageable backup, and recovery. Recovery Manager is native to the database server, automatically tracks database structure changes, and optimizes operations accordingly. In addition, Recovery Manager is integrated with leading tape media management products, so that Oracle database backups can be integrated with your existing networked data protection infrastructure. See Also: ■ Oracle Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide ■ Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Reference Is Oracle Workflow included with Oracle Database 11g? Starting with Oracle Database 11g, Oracle Workflow is no longer released with the database. Oracle Workflow is available with the Oracle E-Business Suite releases. See Also: Oracle Workflow statement of direction: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/ias/overview/in dex.html Is there a migration plan for customers that have built solutions using Oracle Workflow? Starting January 2006, customers are encouraged to re-create and implement workflows using Oracle BPEL Process Manager. Oracle is in the process of creating a technical migration guide to provide detailed recommendations for migrating Oracle Workflow processes to Oracle BPEL Process Manager. See Also: Oracle Workflow statement of direction: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/ias/overview/in dex.html Installing Oracle Database with Oracle Applications H-8 Oracle Database Installation Guide Installing Oracle Database with Oracle Applications The following are frequently asked questions about installing Oracle database with Oracle applications: ■ How do I install my Oracle applications with Oracle Database? ■ How can I create Web applications that communicate with Oracle Database? ■ Which Web server can my Oracle applications use? ■ How can I migrate my non-Oracle applications to Oracle? How do I install my Oracle applications with Oracle Database? In most cases, install Oracle Database itself, then install the Oracle application. The Oracle Universal Installer for that application prompts you for the connection information. Check the application documentation requirements. If you must implement your applications with Oracle Real Applications Clusters databases, refer to Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide and Oracle Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide for more information. How can I create Web applications that communicate with Oracle Database? Install Oracle Application Express and a Web server. Use this guide to install Oracle Database. Oracle Application Express is automatically installed, when you install Oracle database. See Also: Oracle Application Express Installation Guide Which Web server can my Oracle applications use? Install Oracle HTTP Server, which ships on separate media, or use the XML DB HTTP Protocol Server and the embedded PL/SQL Gateway that installs with Oracle Database 11g Release 2. How can I migrate my non-Oracle applications to Oracle? Use Oracle Migration Workbench to migrate your non-Oracle applications to Oracle. Oracle Migration Workbench software and documentation are available at: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/migration/index.html http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/documentation/migration-101800.html Installing Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity Tools (Gateways) The following section discusses the Gateway products: How can my Oracle applications access data in a non-Oracle database system? How can my Oracle applications access data in a non-Oracle database system? You can use Oracle Database Gateway as the connectivity tool to enable Oracle applications to access data in non-Oracle databases. The following are the functions of Oracle Database Gateway: ■ Integrates a non-Oracle database into your Oracle Database environment. ■ Enables Oracle PL/SQL applications to integrate with APPC-enabled transactions, or access messages in IBM Websphere MQ. Installing Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity Tools (Gateways) Frequently Asked Questions About Installation H-9 You can install the Gateway product on a computer independent of the Oracle application, Oracle database, and non-Oracle database. For example, suppose you have the following scenario: ■ Oracle Database is installed on an UNIX computer. ■ The Oracle application is installed on a Microsoft Windows computer and accesses data from the Oracle database on the UNIX computer. ■ The Oracle application must join data in a DB2 database on Oracle Solaris and an Oracle Database on UNIX. You have the option of installing the Database Gateway for DRDA on the Oracle Solaris computer where DB2 is running, on UNIX where Oracle is running, or on a third computer. Table H–1 lists the non-Oracle database systems that you can access from Oracle applications, and the Gateways products that are available for those systems. Table H–1 Oracle Gateway Products Non-Oracle Database Oracle Gateway Products and Documentation IBM DB2 Universal Database (UDB) Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User's Guide. IBM DB2 z/OS Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User's Guide. IBM DB2/400 Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for DRDA User's Guide. WebSphere MQ Oracle Database Gateway for WebSphere MQ. Oracle Database Gateway for WebSphere MQ Installation and User's Guide. CICS/TS IMSTM Oracle Database Gateway for APPC. Use Oracle Database Gateway for APPC Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64. Use Oracle Database Gateway for APPC User's Guide SQL Server Oracle Database Gateway for SQL Server. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for SQL Server User's Guide. Sybase Adaptive Server Oracle Database Gateway for Sybase. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for Sybase User's Guide. Teradata Oracle Database Gateway for Teradata. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for Teradata User's Guide. Installing Oracle Database Heterogeneous Connectivity Tools (Gateways) H-10 Oracle Database Installation Guide Informix Server Oracle Database Gateway for Informix. Use Oracle Database Gateway Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64 and Oracle Database Gateway for Informix User's Guide. IMS Oracle Database Gateway for IMS. Use Oracle Database Gateway for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64, Oracle Database Gateway for IMS User's Guide and Oracle Connect for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Gateways Installation and Configuration Guide for IBM z/OS VSAM Oracle Database Gateway for VSAM. Use Oracle Database Gateway for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64, Oracle Database Gateway for VSAM User's Guide and Oracle Connect for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Gateways Installation and Configuration Guide for IBM z/OS. Adabas Oracle Database Gateway for Adabas. Use Oracle Database Gateway for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Installation and Configuration Guide for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit), HP-UX Itanium, Solaris Operating System (SPARC 64-Bit), Linux x86, and Linux x86-64, Oracle Database Gateway for Adabas User's Guide and Oracle Connect for IMS, VSAM, and Adabas Gateways Installation and Configuration Guide for IBM z/OS. Table H–1 (Cont.) Oracle Gateway Products Non-Oracle Database Oracle Gateway Products and Documentation Glossary-1 Glossary Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group A set of disk devices that Oracle Automatic Storage Management (Oracle ASM) manages as a unit. Each disk device can be an individual physical disk, a multiple disk device such as a RAID storage array or logical volume, or even a partition on a physical disk. You can create the Oracle ASM disk group when you create the Oracle Automatic Storage Management instance, or with Oracle Database Configuration Assistant. Oracle Automatic Storage Management instance The Oracle instance that manages an Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group. It is created automatically when you install and configure Oracle Automatic Storage Management. See also Oracle system identifier (SID). Oracle Automatic Storage Management Enables creation of a single disk group from a collection of individual disk devices. It balances I/O to the disk group across all of the devices in the disk group. It also implements striping and mirroring to improve I/O performance and data reliability. automatic undo management mode A mode of Oracle Database in which undo data is stored in a dedicated undo tablespace. Unlike in manual undo management mode, the only undo management that you must perform is the creation of the undo tablespace. All other undo management is performed automatically. connect descriptor A specially formatted description of the destination for a network connection. A connect descriptor contains destination service and network route information. The destination service is indicated by using its service name for the Oracle Database or its Oracle system identifier (SID) for Oracle release 11.2 databases. The network route provides, at a minimum, the location of the listener through use of a network address. connect identifier A name, net service name, or service name that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with a connect identifier in a connect string for the service to which they want to connect, for example: SQL> CONNECT user_name@connect_identifier Enter password: password control files Glossary-2 control files Files that record the physical structure of a database and contain the database name, the names and locations of associated databases and online undo tablespace, the time stamp of the database creation, the current log sequence number, and checkpoint information. default domain The network domain within which most client requests take place. It can be the domain where the client resides, or a domain from which the client often requests network services. The default domain is also the client configuration parameter that determines what domain to append to unqualified network name requests. A name request is unqualified if it does not have a "." character within it. directory naming A naming method that specifies a directory server to resolve a net service name into a connect descriptor. The net service name is stored centrally in a directory server. directory server A Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)-compliant directory server. A directory can provide centralized storage and retrieval of database network components, user and corporate policies preferences, user authentication, and security information, replacing client-side and server-side localized files. external procedures Procedure or function written in the C programming language and stored in a shared library. An Oracle server can call external procedures or functions using PL/SQL routines. For Oracle Database to connect to external procedures, the server must be configured with a net service name and the listener must be configured with protocol address and service information. global database name The full database name that uniquely distinguishes it from any other database in your network domain. For example: sales.us.example.com where sales is the name you want to call your database and us.example.com is the network domain in which the database is located. initialization parameter file An ASCII text file that contains information needed to initialize a database and instance. instance Process associated with a running Oracle Database instance. When a database is started on a database server (regardless of the type of computer), Oracle Database allocates a memory area called the System Global Area and starts one or more Oracle Database processes. This combination of the System Global Area and Oracle Database processes is called an instance. The memory and processes of an instance manage the associated database's data efficiently and serve the users of the database. net service name Glossary-3 installation type A predefined component set that automatically selects which components to install. See "Oracle Database Editions" on page 1-10 for a list of installation types available with each top-level component. Interprocess Communication (IPC) A protocol that client applications use that resides on the same node as the listener to communicate with the database. IPC can provide a faster local connection than TCP/IP. listener A process that resides on the server and whose responsibility is to listen for incoming client connection requests and manage the traffic to the server. When a client requests a network session with a database server, a listener receives the actual request. If the client information matches the listener information, then the listener grants a connection to the database server. listener.ora file A configuration file for the listener that identifies the: ■ Listener name ■ Protocol addresses on which it is accepting connection requests ■ Services for which it is listening The listener.ora file resides in the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin directory. An Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) does not require identification of the database service because of service registration. However, static service configuration is required for an Oracle Database 11g Release 2 (11.2) if you plan to use Oracle Enterprise Manager. local naming A naming method that resolves a net service name into a connect descriptor. This name is configured and stored in the tnsnames.ora file on each individual client. manual undo management mode A mode of the database in which undo blocks are stored in user-managed rollback segments. naming method A resolution method used by a client application to resolve a connect identifier to a network address when attempting to connect to a database service. Oracle Net Services supports the following naming methods: ■ Local naming ■ Directory naming ■ Host naming ■ External naming net service name A simple name for a service that resolves to a connect descriptor. Users initiate a connect request by passing a user name and password along with a net service name in a connect string for the service to which they want to connect: OPS$ Glossary-4 SQL> CONNECT user_name@net_service_name Enter password: password Depending on your needs, net service names can be stored in a variety of places, including: ■ Local configuration file, tnsnames.ora, on each client ■ Directory server ■ External naming service, such as Network Information Service (NIS) or Cell Directory Service (CDS) OPS$ Acronym for operating system specific. The initialization file parameter OS_AUTHENT_ PREFIX enables users to specify a prefix that Oracle uses to authenticate users attempting to connect to the database. Oracle concatenates the value of this parameter to the beginning of the user's operating system account name and password. When a connection request is attempted, Oracle compares the prefixed user name with Oracle user names in the database. The default value of this parameter is "" (a null string), thereby eliminating the addition of any prefix to operating system account names. In earlier releases, OPS$ was the default setting. ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_BASE is the root of the Oracle Database directory tree. The Oracle Base directory is the top level directory that you can use to install the various oracle software products. You can use the same Oracle base directory for multiple installations. For example, /u01/app/oracle is an Oracle base directory created by the oracle user. ORACLE_HOME Corresponds to the environment in which Oracle Database products run. If you install an OFA-compliant database, using Oracle Universal Installer defaults, Oracle home (known as $ORACLE_HOME in this guide) is located beneath $ORACLE_BASE. The default Oracle home is db_n where n is the Oracle home number. It contains subdirectories for Oracle Database software executables and network files. See also Oracle home. Oracle home The directory path to install Oracle components (for example, /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_n). You are prompted to enter an Oracle home in the Path field of the Specify File Locations window. See also ORACLE_HOME. Oracle schema A set of rules that determine what can be stored in an LDAP-compliant directory server. Oracle has its own schema that is applied to many types of Oracle entries, including Oracle Net Services entries. The Oracle schema for Oracle Net Services entries includes the attributes the entries may contain. Oracle Net foundation layer A networking communication layer that establishes and maintains the connection between the client application and server, and also exchanging messages between them. SID Glossary-5 protocol address An address that identifies the network address of a network object. When a connection is made, the client and the receiver of the request, such as the listener, or Oracle Connection Manager, are configured with identical protocol addresses. The client uses this address to send the connection request to a particular network object location, and the recipient "listens" for requests on this address. It is important to install the same protocols for the client and the connection recipient, and to configure the same addresses. raw partitions Portions of a physical disk that are accessed at the lowest possible disk (block) level. redo log files Files that contain a record of all changes made to data in the database buffer cache. If an instance failure occurs, then an administrator can use the redo log files to recover the modified data that was in memory. repository A set of tables located in any Oracle database accessible to the Oracle Management Server. Oracle Management Server uses a repository to store all system data and application data, information about the state of managed nodes distributed throughout the environment, and information about the separately licensable management packs. service registration A feature by which the PMON process (an instance background process) automatically registers information with a listener. Because this information is registered with the listener, the listener.ora file does not have to be configured with this static information. Service registration provides the listener with the following information: ■ Service name(s) for each running instance of the database ■ Instance name(s) of the database ■ Service handlers (dispatchers and dedicated servers) available for each instance to enable the listener to direct a client's request appropriately. ■ Dispatcher, instance, and node load information To enable the listener to determine which dispatcher can best handle a client connection's request. If all dispatchers are blocked, the listener can spawn a dedicated server for the connection. This information enables the listener to determine how best to service a client connection request. SID The Oracle system identifier that distinguishes the database from all other databases on your computer. The SID automatically defaults to the database name portion of the global database name (sales in the example sales.us.example.com) until you reach eight characters or enter a period. You can accept or change the default value. The SID can also refer to an Oracle ASM instance SID, available when you install Oracle Automatic Storage Management. sqlnet.ora file Glossary-6 sqlnet.ora file A configuration file for the client or server that specifies the: ■ Client domain to append to unqualified service names or net service names ■ Order of naming methods for the client to use when resolving a name ■ Logging and tracing features to use ■ Route of connections ■ External naming parameters ■ Oracle Advanced Security parameters The sqlnet.ora file resides in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin. Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) An industry standard protocol designed by Netscape Communications Corporation for securing network connections. SSL provides authentication, encryption, and data integrity using public key infrastructure (PKI). SSL See Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). System Global Area A group of shared memory structures that contain data and control information for an Oracle Database instance. system identifier See SID. tablespace A logical storage unit within a database. Tablespaces are divided into logical units of storage called segments, which are further divided into extents. tnsnames.ora file A configuration file that contains net service names mapped to connect descriptors. This file is used for the local naming method. The tnsnames.ora file resides in $ORACLE_BASE/network/admin. undo tablespace A tablespace that contains one or more undo segments. The creation of any other types of segment (for example, tables, indexes) in undo tablespaces is not allowed. In the automatic mode, each Oracle instance is assigned one and only one undo tablespace. Each undo tablespace is composed of a set of undo files. Undo blocks are grouped in extents. At any point in time, an extent is either allocated to (and used by) a transaction table, or is free. Blocks in undo tablespaces are grouped into the following categories: ■ File control blocks, bitmap blocks, and so forth used for space management ■ Undo segments containing transaction table blocks, undo blocks, and extent-map blocks used for transaction management ■ Free blocks that are unallocated to file control or undo segments unqualified name Glossary-7 unqualified name A net service name that does not contain a network domain. unqualified name Glossary-8 Index-1 Index Symbols /, G-3 A accounts reviewing, 6-5 unauthenticated access to, 6-9 accounts configured by, 1-5 ACFS, 1-13 requirements, 3-4 ADVM requirements, 3-4 aio-max-nr file, 2-34 aliases, multiple on computers, 2-25 ANONYMOUS user unauthenticated account access with, 6-9 APPC-enabled databases, H-9 applications, migrating non-Oracle applications to Oracle, H-8 asm groups creating, 2-30 ASM See Oracle Automatic Storage Management asmcmd utility, 3-23 asmdba groups creating, 2-30 Automatic Memory Management, 2-4 B backups of database Oracle Database Recovery Manager, H-7 base directory See Oracle base directory block devices creating permissions file, 3-14 C certification, hardware and software, 1-7 checking distribution of the operating system, 2-8 checking version of the operating system, 2-8 chmod command, 2-41, 2-43 chown command, 2-41, 2-43 CLASSPATH environment variable, 5-10 client static library, generating, 5-4 cloning Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home, B-3 Oracle home, B-1 Cluster Manager ports, ranges and protocol, E-3 Cluster Ready Services (CRS). See Oracle Clusterware Cluster Synchronization Services (CSS) Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 1-14 ports, ranges and protocol, E-3 clusters installation guidelines, 4-2 See also Oracle Clusterware, Oracle Real Application Clusters Clusterware installed before Oracle Database, 4-2 Clusterware. See Oracle Clusterware commands fdisk, 2-43, 3-14 partprobe, 3-14 runcluvfy.sh, 3-15 setup.exe, 3-15 useradd, 2-31 usermod, 2-31 computers with multiple aliases, 2-25 computers, non-networked, 2-25 configuration assistants failure, G-5 troubleshooting, G-5 configuring accounts of Oracle users, 5-4 configuring disks for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-7 to ??, 4-4 Configuring Oracle Configuration Manager in a Cloned Oracle Home, B-3 Connection Manager ports, ranges and protocol, E-2 control files locating, 6-13 naming, D-5 reviewing, 6-11 using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control with, 6-13 CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter, 6-13 create inventory, 4-14 CSD Index-2 requirements on Linux, 2-21 custom database failure groups for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-9 requirements when using Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 custom install option, 4-14 D DAS (direct attached storage) disks, 3-10 data files creating separate directories for, 2-42 defined, 6-12 managing with Oracle ASM, 1-13 minimum disk space for, 2-42 naming, D-5 options for placing on file system, 2-42 recommendations for file system, 2-42 reviewing, 6-11 setting permissions on data file directories, 2-43 setting up, 6-12 data loss minimizing with Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-9 data mining tools Oracle Data Mining, H-6 data warehousing tool Oracle OLAP, H-6 Database Configuration Assistant running in silent mode, A-8 troubleshooting, G-5 databases files, 6-12 identifying, 6-10 initialization parameter file, 6-11 naming, 4-15 non-Oracle APPC-enabled, H-9 non-Oracle, listed, H-9 OLAP support (Oracle OLAP), H-6 Optimal Flexible Architecture file naming conventions, D-5 Oracle Automatic Storage Management requirements, 3-8 recovery with Oracle Backup and Recovery, H-7 redo log files, 6-13 security management, H-5 tablespaces, 6-12 Daylight Savings Time, 1-20 DB_DOMAIN initialization parameter, 6-10 DB_NAME initialization parameter, 6-10 DB2 database, H-9 DB2 z/OS database, H-9 DB2/400 database, H-9 dba group creating, 2-29 description, 2-26, 2-27 SYSDBA privilege, 2-26 dba groups creating, 2-30 dbca.rsp file, A-5 Deconfiguring Oracle Restart, G-4 default data files, 6-12 default file mode creation mask setting, 2-47 default tablespaces, 6-12 Deinstallation tool, 7-1 about, 7-2 example, 7-5 failed installations, 7-4 previous grid home, 7-4 roothas.pl, 7-2 deinstalling previous grid home, 7-4 description database restart, 3-1 Oracle Restart, 3-1 device names IDE disks, 3-12 RAID, 3-12 SCSI disks, 3-12 DHCP computers, installing on, 2-24 directory creating separate data file directories, 2-42 database file directory, 2-42 Oracle base directory, 2-37 Oracle home directory, 2-38 Oracle Inventory directory, 2-38 oraInventory, 2-38 permission for data file directories, 2-43 disc mounting, 4-7 disk devices in Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 1-14 managing with Oracle ASM, 1-13 disk space checking, 2-6 requirement for Oracle base directory, 2-40 requirements for preconfigured database in Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-9 disks checking availability for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-12 configuring for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-7 to ??, 4-4 displaying attached disks, 3-12 supported for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-10 DISPLAY environment variable setting, 2-47 DOMAIN_NAME initialization parameter, 6-10 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. See DHCP E Enterprise Manager Database Control Agent ports ranges and protocol, E-2 Index-3 enterprise.rsp file, A-5 environment configuring for oracle user, 2-47 environment variables DISPLAY, 2-47 NLS_LANG, F-3 ORACLE_BASE, 2-41, 2-47 ORACLE_HOME, 2-46, 2-47, 2-49 ORACLE_HOSTNAME, 2-24 ORACLE_SID, 2-47 PATH, 2-47 SHELL, 2-47 TMP and TMPDIR, 2-5, 2-48, 3-3 TNS_ADMIN, 2-49 errata Linux kernel errata, 2-10 errors configuration assistants, G-5 display errors, G-2 installation, G-3, G-5 remote terminal installation, G-2 response file installation, G-6 silent mode, G-6 su command, G-2 /usr/X11R6/bin/xdpyinfo, G-2 X Window, G-1 X Window display errors, G-2 /etc/security/limits.so file, 2-32 /etc/sysctl.conf file, 2-35 EXAMPLE tablespace description, 6-12 example01.DBF data file, 6-12 example01.DBF data file, 6-12 examples Oracle Automatic Storage Management failure groups, 3-9 Oracle base directories, 2-37 external redundancy Oracle Automatic Storage Management redundancy level, 3-8 F failure group examples of Oracle Automatic Storage Management failure groups, 3-9 failure groups characteristics of Oracle Automatic Storage Management failure group, 3-9 examples in Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-9 in Oracle ASM, 1-14 Fast Recovery Area, 5-5 fatal errors, G-5 fdisk command, 3-12 file mode creation mask setting, 2-47 file sets, 2-7 file system appropriate for Oracle base directory, 2-40 data file and recovery file placement options, 2-42 requirements for Oracle base directory, 2-40 using for data files, 2-42 file-max file, 2-34 file-max parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-34 files, D-5 $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initsid.ora, 6-11 $ORACLE_HOME/install/portlist.ini, 6-2 control, 6-13, D-5 data files, D-5 dbca.rsp, A-5 enterprise.rsp, A-5 /etc/group, D-3 /etc/passwd, D-3 /etc/security/limits.so, 2-32 /etc/sysctl.conf, 2-35 listener.ora, 5-8 mgw.ora, 5-10 oraInst.loc, 2-29 oraInst.loc file, A-3 oratab, 2-39 /proc/sys/fs/file-max, 2-33 /proc/sys/kernel/sem, 2-33 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall, 2-33 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax, 2-33 shmmax file, 2-34 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni, 2-33 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range, 2-33 redo log, 6-13 response files, A-4 tnsnames.ora, 5-7 Flash Recovery Area See Fast Recovery Area For, 2-41 free UNIX command, 2-4, 3-3 G Gateways products FAQ, H-8 Global Database Name about, 4-15 global database name, 6-10 globalization support, F-1 Grid Control. See Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control group file, D-3 groups checking for existing oinstall group, 2-28 creating the asm group, 2-30 creating the asmdba group, 2-30 creating the dba group, 2-29 creating the oinstall group, 2-28 creating the oper group, 2-29 UNIX OSDBA group (dba), 2-26 UNIX OSDBA group for Oracle Restart (dba), 2-27 UNIX OSOPER group (oper), 2-27 Index-4 H hardware certification, 1-7 hardware requirements, 2-3, 3-2 disk space, 2-5 display, 2-7 memory, 2-3 system architecture, 2-5 high redundancy Oracle Automatic Storage Management redundancy level, 3-8 home directory See Oracle home directory host name, setting before installation, 2-24 I IBM DB2 database, H-9 IBM DB2 z/OS database, H-9 IBM DB2/400 database, H-9 IBM WebSphere MQ requirement on Linux, 2-21 IBM WebSphere MQ Series databases, H-9 IDE disks device names, 3-12 Informix Server database, H-10 initialization parameter file description, 6-11 in databases, 6-11 initsid.ora, 6-11 initialization parameters DB_NAME, 6-10 DOMAIN_NAME, 6-10 SERVICE_NAMES, 6-10 initsid.ora file, 6-11 initsid.ora initialization parameter file, 6-11 in-place Oracle Database Client upgrade, xvi installation accessing installation software, 4-4 available products, 1-10 cleaning up after a failed installation, G-7 clusters, installation guidelines, 4-2 component-specific guidelines, 4-1 computer aliases, multiple, 2-25 considerations, 1-6 database editions, 1-10 errors, G-3, G-5 silent mode, G-6 laptops, 2-25 log files, G-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management requirements, 3-8 overview, 1-1 to 1-18 response file oraInst.loc file, A-3 response files, A-1, A-4 preparing, A-4, A-5 silent mode, G-6 templates, A-4 responsefile error handling, G-6 silent mode, A-7 upgrading, H-3 installation errors steps to resolve, G-3 installation guidelines, 4-11 installation overview, 1-1 installation software copying to a hard disk, 4-8 extracting, 4-6 installation software, accessing, 4-4 Installing Oracle restart, 3-16 installing Linux, 1-3 default install, 1-3 minimal install, 1-3 instance instance identifier (SID), 2-47 IP addresses, multiple, 2-24 ip_local_port_range file, 2-34 ip_local_port_range parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-34 IPC protocol address Oracle Messaging Gateway setting, 5-8 J JDK internationalization class, 5-10 run-time class, 5-10 JDK requirements, 2-7 K Kernel requirements, 2-9 kernel Linux errata, 2-10 kernel parameters changing, 2-35 L languages installing Oracle components in different languages, F-4 using Oracle components in different languages, F-3 laptops, installing Oracle Database on, 2-25 limits.so file, 2-32 Linux kernel errata, 2-10 listener identifying Oracle home for, 2-46 lsnrctl command, 2-47 stopping, 2-46, 2-47 listener.ora file, 5-8 modifying for external procedures, 5-8 local device using for data files, 2-42 log files, G-3 troubleshooting, G-3 Index-5 logical volume manager See LVM loopback adapters non-networked computers, 2-25 lsdev command, 3-12 lsnrctl command, 2-47 LVM recommendations for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 M mask setting default file mode creation mask, 2-47 memory requirements, 2-3, 3-2 MEMORY_MAX_TARGET, 2-4 MEMORY_TARGET, 2-4 MGW_AGENT service name, 5-9 mgwextproc service adding static service information, 5-9 mgw.ora file modifying, 5-10 Microsoft SQL Server database, H-9 migrating See upgrading migrating applications to Oracle, H-8 migrating non-Oracle databases to Oracle, H-3 mirroring Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk groups, 3-8 mkdir command, 2-41, 2-43 mode setting default file mode creation mask, 2-47 mount point for Oracle base directory, 2-37 mount point directories, 4-8 mount point directory choosing, C-2 mount points Optimal Flexible Architecture conventions for creating, D-2 MQSeries class, 5-10 multihomed computers, installing on, 2-24 multiple aliases, computers with, 2-25 multiple databases and Oracle ASM, 2-27 multiple Oracle homes, 1-7 N naming subdirectories, D-4 NAS devices creating files on for use with Oracle Automatic Storage Management, C-4 guidelines for configuration, C-1 Net Configuration Assistant troubleshooting, G-5 Net Configuration Assistant (NetCA) response files, A-7 running at command prompt, A-7 netca.rsp file, A-5 network adapters computers with multiple aliases, 2-25 non-networked computers, 2-25 primary, on computers with multiple aliases, 2-25 See also loopback adapters, primary network adapters network cards, multiple, 2-24 Network Information Services alternative to local users and groups, 2-28 Network Information Services.See NIS network setup about, 2-24 computers with multiple aliases, 2-25 network topics DHCP computers, 2-24 laptops, 2-25 multiple network cards, 2-24 non-networked computers, 2-25 NFS mount options, C-5 NLS_LANG environment variable, F-3 noninteractive mode See also response files, response file mode, A-2 non-networked computers, 2-25 non-Oracle databases, listed, H-9 normal redundancy, Oracle Automatic Storage Management redundancy level, 3-8 O OEM See Oracle Enterprise Manager oinstall group checking for existing, 2-28 oinstall groups creating, 2-28 OLAP tools about, H-6 Oracle OLAP, H-6 OMF See Oracle Managed Files oper group creating, 2-29 description, 2-27 oper groups creating, 2-30 operating system checking distribution and version, 2-8 operating system accounts creating and configuring, 5-3 operating system groups creating the oinstall group, 2-28 operating system requirements, 2-7 operating system users root user, 4-11 Optimal Flexible Architecture advantages, D-1 conventions for creating mount points, D-2 file identification, D-6 Index-6 file mapping, D-7 files systems, D-2 naming, D-2 database files, D-5 Oracle base directory, D-2 subdirectories, D-4 very large databases, D-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management, D-5 Oracle Managed Files, D-5 overview, D-1 pathnames, D-3 recommendations for Oracle base directory, 2-37 recommended path for Oracle base directory, 2-37 recommended path for Oracle home directory, 2-38 recommended path for Oracle Inventory directory, 2-38 special tablespaces, D-6 standard, D-1 using separate segments, D-6 Oracle ACFS, 1-13, 3-4 platforms, 3-4 requirements, 3-4 Oracle ADVM, 3-4 platforms, 3-4 requirements, 3-4 Oracle Application Server, H-4 Oracle applications installing with Oracle Database, H-8 Oracle ASM, 1-13 Oracle ASM disk groups about, 1-14 Oracle ASM failure groups about, 1-14 Oracle ASM instance about, 1-15 Oracle ASMCA, 6-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 1-13 asmcmd utility, 3-23 characteristics of failure groups, 3-9 checking disk availability, 3-12 configuring disks, 3-7 to ??, 4-4 configuring disks for Automatic Storage Management, 3-10 considerations before installing, 3-6 DAS disks, 3-10 disk devices, 1-14 disk groups, 3-8 disks, supported, 3-10 displaying attached disks, 3-12 failure groups examples, 3-9 identifying, 3-9 identifying available disks, 3-12 identifying disks, 3-12 installation, testing, 3-23 managing, 6-3 mirroring, 3-8 multiple databases, 2-27 Optimal Flexible Architecture file naming conventions, D-5 Oracle ASM disk group templates, 1-14 partition creation, 3-10 password file, 3-6 recommendations for disk groups, 3-8 redundancy levels, 3-8 response files, A-3 SAN disks, 3-10 space required for preconfigured database, 3-9 SPFILE server parameter file, 3-6 starting and stopping, 6-3 templates, 1-14 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Cluster File System, 1-13, 3-4 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Configuration Assistant, 6-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk groups managing, 6-3 Oracle Automatic Storage Management Dynamic Volume Manager, 3-4 Oracle base directory creating, 2-41 creating new, 2-40 description, 2-37 determining disk space on, 2-40 disk space requirements, 2-40 examples, 2-37 identifying appropriate file system, 2-40 identifying existing, 2-39 mount point for, 2-37 naming conventions, D-2 recommended path, 2-37 relationship with Oracle software owner user, 2-37 requirement for, 2-37 requirements for existing directory, 2-40 requirements on file system, 2-40 Oracle Cluster Registry See OCR Oracle Cluster Registry port, E-3 Oracle Clusterware about, H-3 ports, E-3 ports, ranges and protocol, E-3 used with Oracle Real Application Clusters, H-3 Oracle components using in different languages, F-3 Oracle Data Mining about, H-6 installing, H-6 Oracle Database administering and monitoring, H-4 creating data file directories, 2-42 Enterprise Edition installation, 1-10 getting started using accessing, 6-4, 6-5 starting and stopping database, 6-4, 6-5 installing with Oracle applications, H-8 minimum disk space requirements, 2-42 Index-7 naming, 4-15 requirements with Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 security management, H-5 setting ORACLE_SID environment variable, 2-47 Standard Edition installation, 1-11 upgrading, H-3 Web servers, H-8 Oracle Database Client configuring connections, H-2 Oracle Database components administering and monitoring, H-4 connectivity FAQ, H-8 FAQ on installing, H-1 to ?? installing with Oracle applications, H-8 installing with Oracle Database tools, H-4 Oracle Database Configuration Assistant response file, A-5 Oracle Database Recovery Manager (RMAN) about, H-7 Oracle Database Vault audit policy, 1-9 postinstallation task, 5-8 preinstallation requirement, 2-22 Oracle Enterprise Management Agent HTTP port, changing, E-3 Oracle Enterprise Manager, 1-15 Database Control logging into, 6-1 port number, 6-1 using to modify control files, 6-13 using to modify redo log files, 6-13 using to view control files, 6-13 using to view redo log files, 6-13 login privileges, 6-2 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control ports, changing, E-4 ports, ranges and protocol, E-2 Oracle Event Manager ports, ranges and protocol, E-3 Oracle home cloning, B-1 Oracle home directory description, 2-38 identifying for listener, 2-46 multiple homes, network considerations, 2-24 recommended path, 2-38 requirement for, 2-38 requirements, 2-38 using to identify Oracle base directory, 2-39 Oracle host name, setting before installation, 2-24 Oracle internationalization class, 5-10 Oracle Internet Directory, H-5 Oracle Inventory description, 2-38 pointer file, 2-29 Oracle Inventory directory description, 2-38 recommended path, 2-38 Oracle Inventory group creating, 2-29 Oracle Inventory groups checking for existing, 2-28 creating, 2-28 Oracle JDBC class, 5-10 Oracle Label Security post-installation tasks, 5-8 Oracle Linux and Oracle Validated RPM, 1-5 Oracle Managed Files Optimal Flexible Architecture naming conventions, D-5 Oracle Messaging Gateway CSD requirements on Linux, 2-21 postinstallation tasks, 5-8 requirements on Linux, 2-21 Oracle Messaging Gateway class, 5-10 Oracle Migration Workbench migrating non-Oracle applications to Oracle, H-8 migrating non-Oracle databases to Oracle, H-3 Oracle Net configuration file directory, 5-7 identifying Oracle home for listener, 2-46 lsnrctl command, 2-47 stopping listener, 2-46 stopping the listener, 2-47 Oracle Net Configuration Assistant response file, A-5 Oracle Net Services post-installation tasks, 5-7 Oracle Net Services Listener ports, ranges and protocol, E-2 Oracle OLAP about, H-6 Oracle Precompilers postinstallation tasks, 5-10 Oracle Procedural Gateway listed products, H-9 Oracle Real Application Clusters (RAC) installed before Oracle Database, 4-2 installing with Oracle Enterprise Manager, H-5 Oracle Clusterware about, H-3 Oracle Restart description, 3-1 Installing, 3-16 modifying, 3-22 OSDBA group description, 2-27 relinking, 3-22 user, 2-27 Oracle Schemas, xiv Oracle Software Owner user creating, 2-30 oracle user, 2-31 Oracle software owner user configuring environment for, 2-47 determining default shell, 2-47 relationship with Oracle base directory, 2-37 Oracle SQL Developer Index-8 accessing, 6-5 Oracle Technology Network (OTN) downloading documentation from, xiv Oracle Text knowledge base, 5-11 Oracle Transparent Gateway listed products, H-9 Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel about, 1-4 requirements, 2-9 Oracle Universal Installer guidelines for using, 4-1 installation guidelines, 4-1 response files, A-1 list of, A-5 running, 4-9 running in different languages, F-4 oracle user and Oracle Validated RPM, 1-5 configuring environment for, 2-47 creating, 2-30 determining default shell, 2-47 relationship with Oracle base directory, 2-37 Oracle user accounts configuring, 5-4 Oracle Validated Configuration RPM about, 1-4 included with Oracle Linux, 1-5 installing, 1-5 Oracle XML DB about, H-6 ports, ranges and protocol, E-3 ORACLE_BASE environment variable, 2-41 setting, 2-47 ORACLE_HOME environment variable setting, 2-46 unsetting, 2-49 ORACLE_HOSTNAME, 2-24 ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable computers with multiple aliases, 2-25 multihomed computers, 2-24 setting before installation, 2-24 ORACLE_SID environment variable setting, 2-47 oraInst.loc file location, 2-29 location of, 2-29 oraInventory directory See Oracle Inventory directory oratab file, 2-39 formats, 2-39 location of, 2-39 OSASM groups creating, 2-30 multiple databases, 2-27 SYSASM, 2-27 OSDBA groups creating, 2-29 creating for Oracle Grid Infrastructure, 2-30 description for database, 2-26 SYSDBA privilege, 2-26 SYSDBA privilege for Oracle Restart, 2-27 OSOPER groups creating, 2-29 description for database, 2-27 SYSOPER privilege, 2-27 OTN Web site downloading installation software from, 4-5 P package requirements, 2-10 Linux x86, 2-11 Linux x86-64, 2-13, 2-17 packages, checking, 2-18 partition using with Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 partitions creation for Oracle Automatic Storage Management disks, 3-10 passwd file, D-3 password file for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-6 passwords resetting, 6-8 with Database Control, 6-8 with SQL*Plus, 6-9 reviewing, 6-5 specifying for response files, A-2 unlocking, 6-8 with Database Control, 6-8 with SQL*Plus, 6-9 See also security PATH environment variable setting, 2-47 pathnames Optimal Flexible Architecture, D-3 permissions for data file directories, 2-43 for Oracle base directory, 2-41 port numbers managing, E-1 portlist.ini file, 6-2, E-2 ports access URLs, E-2 Cluster Manager, ranges and protocol, E-3 Cluster Synchronization Services, ranges and protocol, E-3 configured for applications, E-2 Connection Manager, ranges and protocol, E-2 default ranges, E-1 Enterprise Manager Database Control Agent, ranges and protocol, E-2 Oracle Cluster Registry, E-3 Oracle Clusterware, E-3 Oracle Clusterware, ranges and protocol, E-3 Oracle Enterprise Management Agent HTTP, changing, E-3 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control, changing, E-4 Index-9 Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control, ranges and protocol, E-2 Oracle Event Manager, ranges and protocol, E-3 Oracle Net Services, E-2 Oracle Net Services Listener, ranges and protocol, E-2 Oracle XML DB, ranges and protocol, E-3 post-installation required tasks, 5-1 Oracle Label Security, configuring, 5-8 Oracle Net Services, configuring, 5-7 patches, installing and downloading, 5-1 postinstallation recommended tasks client static library, generating, 5-4 creating operating system accounts, 5-3 root.sh script, backing up, 5-3 required tasks configuring Oracle Messaging Gateway, 5-8 Oracle Precompilers, 5-10 postinstallation tasks Oracle Text knowledge base, 5-11 preconfigured database Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk space requirements, 3-9 requirements when using Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 Pro*C/C++ configuring, 5-10 See also C compiler process stopping existing, 2-45 stopping listener process, 2-46 /proc/sys/fs/file-max file, 2-34 /proc/sys/kernel/sem file, 2-33 /proc/sys/kernel/shmall file, 2-33 /proc/sys/kernel/shmmni file, 2-34 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_default file, 2-34 /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max file, 2-34 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_default file, 2-34 /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max file, 2-34 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range file, 2-34 ps command, 2-46 R RAID device names, 3-12 using for Oracle data files, 2-42 RAM requirements, 2-3, 3-2 readme.txt file, E-2 recommendations on perfomring software-only installations, 3-15 recovery files options for placing on file system, 2-42 recovery of databases Oracle Backup and Recovery, H-7 Red Hat compatible kernel about, 1-4 requirements, 2-9 Red Hat Package Manager See RPM redo log, D-5 redo log files in starter database, 6-13 locating, 6-13 naming, D-5 reviewing, 6-11 using Oracle Enterprise Manager Database Control with, 6-13 redundancy level and space requirements for preconfigured database, 3-9 for Oracle Automatic Storage Management, 3-8 redundant array of independent disks See RAID Removing Oracle Database Software, 7-1 Rendezvous requirement on Linux, 2-21 requirements hardware, 2-3, 3-2 response file installation oraInst.loc file, A-3 response files preparing, A-4, A-5 templates, A-4 silent mode, A-7 errors, G-6 response file mode about, A-2 reasons for using, A-3 response files, A-1 about, A-1 creating with template, A-4 dbca.rsp, A-5 enterprise.rsp, A-5 general procedure, A-3 Net Configuration Assistant, A-7 netca.rsp, A-5 Oracle Automatic Storage Management, A-3 passing values at command line, A-2 passwords, A-2 security, A-2 specifying with Oracle Universal Installer, A-6 response files installation about, A-1 rmem_default file, 2-34 rmem_default parameter recommended value on Linux, 2-34 rmem_max file, 2-34 rmem_max parameter recommended value on Linux, 2-34 root user, 4-11 logging in as, 2-2 roothas.pl, 3-15, 7-2, G-4 root.sh script backing up, 5-3 RPM checking, 2-18 rpm command, 2-18 Index-10 S Sample Schemas tablespaces and data files, 6-12 SAN (storage area network) disks, 3-10 schema passwords, 4-17 schemas database schema passwords, 4-17 Oracle Schemas, about, xiv Sample Schemas tablespaces and data files, 6-12 SCSI disks device names, 3-12 SE Linux, 2-8, 4-9 security dividing ownership of Oracle software, 2-25 management tools, H-5 See also passwords Security Enhanced Linux, 2-8, 4-9 sem file, 2-33 semmni parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-33 semmns parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-33 semmsl parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-33 semopm parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-33 server parameter file (SPFILE), 3-6 SERVICE_NAMES initialization parameter, 6-10 shell determining default shell for oracle user, 2-47 SHELL environment variable checking value of, 2-47 shmall file, 2-33 shmall parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-33 shmmax parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-34 shmmni file, 2-34 shmmni parameter recommended value on Linux x86, 2-34 SID, 6-11 setting ORACLE_SID environment variable, 2-47 SID. See Oracle Database SID silent mode about, A-1 reasons for using, A-2 See also response file mode, response files, A-1 silent mode installation, A-7 software certification, 1-7 software requirements, 2-7 software updates option, xvi, 1-10, 3-17, 4-12 downloading before installation, 3-17, 4-10 SPFILE server parameter file, 3-6 SQL Developer accessing, 6-5 SQL Server database, H-9 SQL*Plus accessing, 6-4 SQLJ class, 5-10 static service information adding for mgwextproc service, 5-9 storage area network disks, 3-10 storage devices configuring for datafiles, 2-43 storage management See Oracle Automatic Storage Management suppressed mode. See response file mode swap space checking, 2-4, 3-3 requirements, 2-3, 3-2 Sybase Adapter Server database, H-9 SYSASM OSASM, 2-27 sysctl command, 2-35 sysctl.conf file, 2-35 SYSDBA privilege associated UNIX group, 2-26, 2-27 SYSOPER privilege associated UNIX group, 2-27 SYSTEM tablespace, description, 6-12 System Identifier, 6-11 See SID system01.dbf data file, 6-12 T tablespaces, 6-12 defined, 6-12 in databases, 6-12 reviewing, 6-11 setting up, 6-12 expanding for large sorts, 6-12 Optimal Flexible Architecture special tablespaces, D-6 SYSTEM, 6-12 TEMP, 6-12 UNDOTBS, 6-12 USERS, 6-12 TEMP tablespace (temp01.dbf), 6-12 temp01.dbf data file, 6-12 temporary disk space requirements, 2-3, 3-2 Teradata database, H-9 TIBCO Rendezvous requirement on Linux, 2-21 TMP environment variable, 2-5, 3-3 setting, 2-48 TMPDIR environment variable, 2-5, 3-3 setting, 2-48 TNS_ADMIN environment variable unsetting, 2-49 tnsnames.ora file, 5-7 adding a connect descriptor, 5-9 MGW_AGENT service name, 5-9 modifying for external procedures, 5-9 troubleshooting, G-1 display errors, G-2 fatal errors, G-5 Index-11 Oracle Restart, G-4 remote terminal installation, G-2 su command, G-2 /usr/X11R6/bin/xdpyinfo, G-2 U umask command, 2-47 UNDOTBS tablespace (undotbs01.dbf), 6-12 UNIX commands chmod, 2-41, 2-43 chown, 2-41, 2-43 fdisk, 3-12 free, 2-4, 3-3 lsdev, 3-12 mkdir, 2-41, 2-43 ps, 2-46 rpm, 2-18 sysctl, 2-35 umask, 2-47 unset, 2-49 unsetenv, 2-49 xhost, 2-2 xterm, 2-2 UNIX groups checking for existing oinstall group, 2-28 OSDBA (dba), 2-26 OSDBA (dba) for Oracle Restart, 2-27 OSOPER (oper), 2-27 using NIS, 2-28 UNIX users using NIS, 2-28 UNIX workstation installing from, 2-2 unset command, 2-49 unsetenv command, 2-49 upgraded databases configuring, 5-3 upgrading, 1-19 ASM, 1-19 Daylight Savings Time, 1-20 Oracle Database on RHEL 2.1, 1-19 useradd command, 2-31 USERS tablespace (users01.dbf), 6-12 users creating the oracle user, 2-30 Oracle Restart, 2-27 users and groups, 2-25 UTLRP.SQL recompiling invalid SQL modules, 5-3 V very large databases Optimal Flexible Architecture naming mount points, D-3 W Web servers (Oracle HTTP Server), H-8 WebSphere MQ CSDs required on Linux, 2-21 requirement on Linux, 2-21 WebSphere MQ class, 5-10 WebSphere MQ Series database, H-9 wmem_default file, 2-34 wmem_default parameter recommended value on Linux, 2-34 wmem_max file, 2-34 wmem_max parameter recommended value on Linux, 2-34 X X Window display errors, G-1 X Window system enabling remote hosts, 2-2 xhost command, 2-2 XML data, H-6 xterm command, 2-2 Index-12
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Oracle 数据库服务器
Oracle Database Installation Guide,11g Release2(11.2) for Linux
Oracle Database Concepts 11g Release 2
Oracle Database PL/SQL Language Reference,11g Release2(11.2)
Oracle Database 2 Day DBA 11g Release2
Deployment Guide for Oracle Service Bus 11g
Administrator’s Guide for Oracle Service Bus 11g
Oracle Database 11g Administrator Certified Professional STUDY GUIDE
Oracle Database 10g Release 2: Roadmap to Maximum Availability Architecture
Oracle Database 11g RAC 手册 (第 2 版)
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Yeezy Season 5 Is Coming, But That’s Not All
Story from Celebrity Style
Landon Peoples
Photo: Taylor Hill/Getty Images.
Kanye West is not letting 2016 get the best of him. According to Page Six, a source (Ms. Jonathan, is that you?) revealed the rapper-cum-designer is prepping a Yeezy Season 5 collection for New York Fashion Week in February. But that's not all. Apparently, he's going full-speed ahead with the project, plus "another apparel line." The news, of course, comes only a short time after West's swift hospital stint. We're assuming this mysterious collection is the full range of West's idea that Calabasas is fashion's next hottest craze — or, as he and Drake put on a billboard last year, "the new Abu Dhabi." (We've reached out to West's camp for confirmation, and will update when we hear back). Pictured here, West performs on his Saint Pablo tour in a pair of Adidas trackpants that read 'Calabasas' down the side. In September of last year, wife Kim Kardashian teased new Yeezy sneakers and Calabasas-branded merch on Snapchat. But, any thought of West designing clothes immediately reminds us of the blistering shit storm that was Yeezy Season 4. If you can stomach the nostalgia, West's last presentation led editors, bloggers, stylists, and showgoers alike on a wild goose chase to New York's renovated Roosevelt Island. The entire ordeal took a reported five hours from start to finish, and spandex-clad models were seen fainting, taking their shoes off, and sweating profusely in the sweltering mid-80s weather. That being said, we're surprised — and not surprised — that West is moving forward with another Yeezy attempt as planned. Regardless of your feelings about Kanye West the rapper or Kanye West the designer, his tenacity and unwavering desire to maintain his seat among the fashion crowd is impressive. However, we can only hope pray that his next offering goes a lot smoother than last season's: That is, a fresh crop of athluxury that won't include pointlessly high price tags or the stinging disapproval of the style elite. Fingers crossed!
Kanye West Yeezy Season 5 NYFW Calabasas Brand Teaser
Celebrity Style • Fashion • Fashion Week • The Latest • Kanye West
written by Landon Peoples
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Gigi Hadid’s $150 Plaid Coat Is On-Trend — & Still Available
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€360EUR$425USD£322GBP
This product gives access to the selected journal. Please select an access option from the list below.
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International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing
STM Journals
International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing intends to help Nurses and Clinical staff involved in the areas like Orthopedic surgery, degenerative diseases, orthopedic implants and trauma Care. It seeks to promote knowledge in the area of practice, literature and education among Nurses. Journal seeks work that presents innovation and promise future research and Orthopedic nursing practice.
PeriAnesthesia Nursing Core Curriculum. Preprocedure, Phase I and Phase II PACU Nursing. Edition No. 4
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Orthopedic Nursing,An Issue of Nursing Clinics of North America. The Clinics: Nursing 55-2
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Sheehy's Emergency Nursing. Principles and Practice. Edition No. 7
Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing. Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, Single Volume. Edition No. 11
Lewis's Medical-Surgical Nursing - 2-Volume Set. Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. Edition No. 11
SINGLE USER LICENSE Online Access - 1 Year The product can be accessed through a secure website. Username and password will be sent via email. The access period is one year. This is a single user license, allowing one specific user access to the product. €360EUR$425USD£322GBP
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Steve and Ruth Smith play and sing the music reminiscent of the old homeplace where family, love, faith, and sense of place are the foundations of heritage and traditions.
He Leadeth Me
Steve and Ruth Smith
He Leadeth Me is an acoustic instrumental compilation of time honored hymns and songs of faith played in gentle, worshipful arrangements featuring hammered dulcimer and guitar.
Dancin' Cross the Strings
Steve and Ruth Smith play a unique instrumental blend of Celtic Appalachian music featuring hammered dulcimer and guitar, along with flute, pennywhistle, fiddle, clawhammer banjo,
shuttle bagpipes, and bodhran.
An Appalachian Aire
Steve and Ruth Smith's first CD is a peaceful blend of instrumental Celtic, Classical and Appalachian Music, featuring hammered dulcimer and guitar, along with flute, pennywhistle, bodhran (traditional Irish drum), and bowed Appalachian dulcimer.
Spirit of the Rockies
Remembering Doc Watson
Kruger Brothers
Best of the Kruger Brothers.jpg
Appalachian Concerto
Kruger Brothers - a banjo, bass, guitar, and string quartet. This album is composed in the form of a classical concerto, and was written to reflect the cultural history of the Appalachian region.
Andrew Finn Magill is a fiddler who combines old-time and bluegrass.
Branches is the second disc in a concept album series which charts
Magill’s musical progression in Irish music.
High on a Mountain
Strictly Strings
dynamic young acoustic musicians who all play multiple instruments
Woodland Dance
An acoustic instrumental collection of originals and favorites expressing the spirit of the Blue Ridge Mountains. Experience the lush forest, soul-stirring overlook, and refreshing stream in this modern musical portrait which draws inspiration from Celtic, World, Renaissance, and Classical music.
Hammered dulcimer with cello and percussion
Honest: Songs of Hope
Acoustic instrumental hymns. A collaboration by Joshua Messick (2003 National Hammered Dulcimer Champion) and Erin Rogers (2004 National Mountain Dulcimer Champion)
It’s Only the Blues
Al Petteway - Solo Acoustic Guitar
An instrumental exploration of fingerpicking Blues styles inspired by music from the Appalachian Mountains to the Mississippi Delta and performed on solo acoustic guitar with influences ranging from Doc Watson and Etta Baker to Robert Johnson and Big Bill Broonzy. Voted among the top ten "Essential Acoustic Albums of 2012" by the editors of Acoustic Guitar Magazine.
Land of the Sky
Al Petteway and Amy White
Musical Inspirations from the Southern Appalachian Mts. featuring the addition of harp and banjo
The southern Appalachian mountains come alive in this recording of original compositions and traditional mountain melodies played on acoustic guitars, mandolin, Celtic harp, banjo, fiddle, Irish bouzouki, fretless bass, vocals and percussion.
Al & Amy are an award-winning performing arts ensemble who create music for a new generation with a brilliant convergence of Celtic
High in the Blue Ridge
Mountain Guitar
A musical tribute to the Appalachian Mountains of Western North Carolina.
A Good Life
© 2017 by QUINN MUSIC. Proudly created with Wix.com
Steve and Ruth Smith He Leadeth Me is an acoustic instrumental compilation of time honored hymns and songs of faith played in gentle, worshipful arrangements featuring hammered dulcimer and guitar.
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EC: Measures to support Greek freight operator ‘in line with state aid rules’
Measures taken in Greece to support the restructuring of rail infrastructure manager OSE and the country’s sole freight & passenger operator Trainose are in line with EU state aid rules, the European Commission (EC) has said.
Both companies have been facing financial difficulty for a number of years, and in 2008 Trainose became a ‘spin-off’ from OSE. The ongoing economic recovery programme in Greece advocates the restructuring of companies on the basis of their importance to the Greek economy.
‘ensure companies’ viability’
In 2011 Greece put forward several measures to the EC designed to provide support to both OSE and Trainose. The aim was to ensure the companies’ viability and ensure that rail services continued to operate, thus heading off the possibility of another serious blow to the Greek economy. After investigations, the EC found that that measures for assisting Trainose, namely a debt cancellation, an equity increase and annual grants, worth a total of 1,079,000 Euros, were in line with European Union (EU) state aid rules.
In addition, measures to support the restructuring of OSE through a debt cancellation of 14.3 billion Euros, the transfer of more than 750 management employees and annual grants implemented after October 22 2014 did not constitute state aid. The commission says this is because the measures related to OSE’s activities as the national rail infrastructure manager, and as such could not ‘distort competition’ or affect trade between member states. Moreover, the transfer of 217 maintenance employees and annual grants of up to 340 million Euros implemented before October 22 2014 were also in line with EU state aid rules.
‘achieve growth’
European Commissioner Margrethe Vestager, who is in charge of competition policy, said: “The measures will help the two public rail companies become more efficient and provide better service to Greek (passengers) business customers. This fits into the wider context of Greece’s efforts to restore its economy’s competitiveness and achieve significant growth. The aid will also facilitate the future privatisation of the companies and the opening of the Greek railway sector to competition.”
The EC said it had taken into particular account the difficulties faced by the Greek railway sector within the context of the country’s ongoing economic problems, and the importance of a well-functioning railway service for the population. The measures, it added, had the ‘legitimate objective of avoiding a serious disturbance’ of the Greek economy, without unduly distorting competition in the single market.
Greek hinterland
Earlier this year Trainose was sold to Italian state operator FS Italiane in a deal made doubly significant through Greece being part of the EU’s Orient-East Med Core Network TEN-T Corridor. The network facilitates a trans-European route which starts in the sea ports of northern Germany, and continues via Greece and its connecting shipping services onto Cyprus and beyond. FS Italiane Group was declared last year as the ‘preferred investor’ in the deal which is worth 45 million Euros
Trainose’s existing rail connection with the Port of Thessaloniki enables freight transportation into the heart of the hinterland, as well as the transit through Greece. Following the completion of the connection between the Port of New Ikonio and the wider network, Trainose also offers multimodal transportation into central Europe (Hungary, Slovakia and Czech Republic) and is actively pursuing new freight customers through that gate.
The company’s next target is to provide regular transportation of containers to and from Thessaloniki, Skopje, Belgrade, Sofia and Istanbul, aiming at the creation of a multimodal transportation hub in Thessaloniki for the Balkans.
Tags: European Commission, European Union, OSE, rail freight, Trainose
Author: Simon Weedy
Simon is a journalist for RailFreight.com - a dedicated online platform for all the news about the rail freight sector
Congested railway track in EU doubled over 3-year period
UIRR study warns for consequences of new EU road haulage rules
Germany: 200 million state aid for interoperability
Angela Merkel: ‘Only with rail we will achieve our climate goals’
A national investment strategy for rail freight
Dutch rail freight subsidy increases by 3 million
CER begins European Year of Rail with new Executive Director
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Home » Videos » Chris Jericho Reveals When His Recent Run with WWE Was Supposed to End
Chris Jericho Reveals When His Recent Run with WWE Was Supposed to End
by Steve Carrieron May 6, 2017 at 10:19 am
While speaking to Busted Open Radio, Chris Jericho revealed that his recent run with WWE was supposed to end after WrestleMania.
“The original plan was for me to finish after Wrestlemania (with Owens). Then Vince had the idea for me to stay through April 30th and then May 1st and then May 2nd …so it’s a little bit crazy. But yea I think it’s fun. We had a break for about a year and a half with Fozzy so getting back in the room with the guys and just rehearsing and playing Judas for the first time live, it’s really exciting. It takes me right out of the WWE world and straight to Fozzy world very quickly, which helps because I don’t even really remember what happened on Smackdown. It’s a little bit crazier than I expected.”
Jericho also gave his thoughts on his latest run with WWE.
“Not to pat yourself on the back, but if you ask me ‘Was this the best run of my career’ that’s not for me to answer, it’s for the fans and the people who watch the shows to decide. It’s definitely one of my favorites, top two along with the the Shawn Michaels feud and that era of Shawn Michaels, Rey Mysterio, Big Show was my partner. This year, I would like to say that we were geniuses and we thought to do this from the start and orchestrated the whole thing, but it just was all very organic. The whole partnership with Kevin Owens, the whole ‘list, stupid idiot’ all that stuff it just became a thing much to my surprise to be honest with you. And Bully Ray will tell you this, when you catch lightning in a bottle in the wrestling business, you gotta run with it because you never know if it’s going to happen again. So as soon as everything really started getting over last March, we knew that we really weren’t doing much with Fozzy and the guys were doing another Stuck Mojo record so I said ‘Listen, I’m just gonna stay in WWE for 2016, I’ll take a break from the road with the band. I think it was a pretty fun route because it just kept getting better and better even up until SmackDown on Tuesday. It was a great way to end the saga between Owens and Jericho because it started organically and then we went through the whole ups and downs and all this other stuff and turning on each other and then finally getting the surprise win on Sunday [Payback] and then having him take me out, kill the “knight in shining armor’ on Tuesday I think was a fitting end and a nice way to kind of button everything up.”
Click here for the full interview.
Impact Continues To Try To Hold On To Matt Hardy’s “BROKEN” Gimmick
Reby Sky Says Impact Wrestling Is Coming After Her
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Home » WWE News » WWE’s New Twitch & Cameo Takeover Is ‘Greed At Its Finest’ Says Ryback
WWE’s New Twitch & Cameo Takeover Is ‘Greed At Its Finest’ Says Ryback
by Felix Uptonon October 3, 2020 October 3, 2020 at 6:18 pm
Download App | Send News Tip | 8 Comments
WWE informed their Superstars that they will be taking control of their Twitch and Cameo accounts. Superstars will now get a percentage of that money and it will count against their downside guarantees. This is a move that has a lot of people wondering how WWE can get away with this.
Superstars will soon be making the money that WWE will pay them through their own work on those third party platforms. Essentially, Superstars are paying for their own downside guarantees. Ryback saw this news and he wasn’t too thrilled about it.
During Ryback TV, The Big Guy spoke out about this new policy. He wondered how much of a percentage WWE is going to give their Superstars because “often times those percentages are heavily favored to the promoter — to Vince.” He then said that if WWE really does this the they needs to pay Superstars more and restructure their contracts across the board.
“A lot of these guys have built up their followings on there and you’re gonna count it against their downside? My thing is then their contracts should be restructured, every single one of them to incorporate — everyone should get a raise from this if they’re gonna keep it this way because now they’re taking their revenue on that and they’re counting it toward their downside and they’re gonna pay them less on other things now and they’re gonna increase their bottom line.”
“This is greed at its finest. I understand protecting your brand, but when talent — the talent have a choice — if everyone said ‘we’re not doing this’ they wouldn’t be able to do anything about it. The problem is that’s not what’s going on.”
Ryback said that some people don’t have a choice if they’re starting out. He stood by the idea that WWE needs to restructure their contracts if they’re going to take this extra revenue that Superstars are making, but “they’re not doing that, I promise you,” he remarked.
We’ll have to see how this situation turns out. In four weeks it’s easy to assume that Superstars might lose a bit of their Twitch following and Cameo orders because smarter fans don’t want to put money directly into Vince McMahon’s pocket.
WWE NXT TakeOver: 31 Set To Make History As First-Ever Legit NXT Pay-Per-View
Dominik Mysterio On Being Nervous & Getting Locked In Before WWE Performance
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Founding President and CEO
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Infographics.
The Healthcare Challenge Facing Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria
In the wake of Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico’s health centers are facing extraordinary need, while most private clinics are shuttered.
As of mid-October, 83 of 93 health center sites are open, but conditions are far from normal. A new infographic produced by researchers at the Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative Milken Institute School of Public Health depicts the situation.
Community Health Center Fund – What’s at Risk
WASHINGTON, DC and NEW YORK (September 14, 2017)—If Congress fails to renew a critical fund for community health centers, which is due to expire at the end of the current federal fiscal year on September 30, these safety net providers stand to lose 70 percent of their federal grant funding by 2018. As a result, an estimated 9 million people could lose access to health care, according to a new infographic produced by researchers at the Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative at the George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH).
Children Served By Community Health Centers Experience Significantly Lower Adjusted Average Annual Health Expenditures
Compared to doctor offices and other providers, community health centers lower the cost of children’s primary care by approximately 35 percent, according to an analysis published by researchers at the Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative at George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health (Milken Institute SPH). On average, health centers saved $618 in overall medical costs per child, per year with total costs of $1,133 per year for CHC users compared to $1,751 for non-users. The analysis is the first to show that community health centers (CHCs) provide care for children at a significant savings.
Community Health Centers: Caring for Our Nation’s Veterans
The number of veterans served by community health centers has increased by 43 percent in less than 10 years, according to an infographic produced by researchers at the Geiger Gibson/RCHN Community Health Foundation Research Collaborative, which is based at the George Washington University’s Milken Institute School of Public Health. This finding and other data presented in the infographic indicate that community health center locations help improve access to care for veterans across the country.
Smoking Cessation – Integrating Tobacco-Dependency Treatment Interventions with Primary Care
Charles B. Wang Community Health Center, with the support of RCHN Community Health Foundation, developed and implemented a population-focused initiative “Community Action on Smoking and Health.” Program interventions to advance smoking cessation in an at-risk population – including community outreach, one-on-one counseling, nicotine replacement therapy and other approaches – are presented by the project team, along with initial outcomes. (National Association of Community Health Centers, Community Health Institute, August 2016)
Community Health Centers: Caring for People – Good for Communities
Updated infographic shows the scope and impact of America’s community health centers, which have doubled the number of people served in just ten years and continue to serve as essential providers and community-based employers.
The ACA has led to more health center patients with insurance
Our new infographic offers a snapshot of the new UDS data, and shows that nearly 23 million people were served by community health centers in 2014. Within just one year (2013-2014), the total number of patients served by health centers increased by more than 1.1 million patients. Meanwhile the number of health center patients with health insurance increased by 2.3 million and the number of uninsured patients declined dramatically, by 1.2 million.
Community Health Centers: Caring for People – Benefitting Communities
To cap off National Health Center Week 2014, we’ve created a new infographic illustrating the impact of Community Health Centes on the US health care system & in communities across the country.
Recognizing Health Centers
In recognition of National Health Center Week, view the RCHN Community Health Foundation’s latest infographic illustrating the diverse populations served by CHCs across the country.
Primary Care Funding Cliff: Will Funding for CHCs keep up with patient demand?
Depending on the outcome of key federal and state policy decisions: support for health center funding (either through a continuation of mandatory funding or an increase in discretionary appropriation levels) and state implementation of Medicaid expansion could potentially impact the number of patients who could be served in health centers in 2014 and 2020.
RCHN Community Health Foundation
55 Broadway, Suite 1502, New York, NY 10006
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Looking back in Benzie 1-20-1921
The Benzie-Leelanau District Health Department COVID-19 update:
https://stacker.com/stories/6672/how-executive-powers-are-transferred-after-presidential-election
How executive powers are transferred after a presidential election
Abby Monteil, provided by
Published 8:00 am EST, Wednesday, January 13, 2021
As all Americans know, new U.S. presidents don't head to the White House overnight after declaring victory. Instead, there's an important transition process that spans the period between the early months of an election year and the presidential inauguration on Jan. 20 of the following year.
While many think of the transition period as a time set from November to January, there are many important decisions that a potential president-elect must make well before the election day. These include assembling a key transition team and forming strategic relationships with politicians and other important figures in the federal government. Once the General Services Administration (GSA) releases a letter of ascertainment, the incoming president officially has access to transition funds and other resources.
These days, a president-elect's transition team regularly updates the press, public, and Congress members about key appointments and policy initiatives during the transition process. However, for most of history, the proceedings were not this public and transparent—this only changed when the Pre-Election Presidential Transition Act of 2010 was passed a decade ago and required the GSA to provide more well-documented support to each president-elect's transition teams.
However, the transition process has been quite different for the current president-elect, Joe Biden, whose win wasn't officially acknowledged by the GSA until Nov. 23, 2020 (16 days after he was declared the winner). This is because President Donald Trump has largely failed to accept his loss and has yet to officially concede to Biden.
To help you...
As all Americans know, new U.S. presidents don't head to the White House overnight after declaring victory. Instead, there's an important
Photo: U.S. National Archives And Records Administration // Wikimedia Commons
Image 1 of / 20
Using government documents and news articles, Stacker compiled a list of key steps taken to transfer executive power from one president to another.
Benzie County residents 82-years-old, older now eligible to...
Crystal Lake Elementary participating in preschool pilot program
Tribal police sworn in by Benzie County sheriff
Benzie County Sheriff's Office on alert for potential incidents at government center
Benzie County residents 82-years-old, older now eligible to call for vaccine appointments
Beulah's Winterfest canceled: 'It just wasn't going to happen'
Benzie Central sinking fund project bids approved
Benzie County Animal Shelter gains parking spaces after kindness
The Benzie-Leelanau District Health Department COVID-19 update: 1-15-2021
Benzie County restaurants ready to open Feb. 1
Deisch to leave county administrator position in August
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Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance Powers Mission-Critical Applications with Red Hat Solutions
Government institution selects Red Hat Enterprise Linux for reliability and performance
RALEIGH, N.C. — 17 dicembre 2007 —
Red Hat (NYSE: RHT), the world's leading provider of open source solutions, today announced that the Italian Ministry of Economics and Finance has selected Red Hat solutions to power the organization's mission-critical applications. The Ministry selected Red Hat Enterprise Linux for reliability and heightened performance, and is utilizing the solution as the main platform for many of its critical applications, including its Service Personale Tesoro (SPT) application, which runs on one of the most popular Italian government websites.
Providing applications like SPT on the web is a mission-critical task for the Ministry of Economics and Revenues, because it enables us to reach a growing number of users. SPT provides a means for citizens to receive important public services with the comfort and the ease-of-use enabled by the Internet, said Marcello Niceforo, executive director, Integrated IT Systems Service, Ministry of Economics and Revenues. It was vital for us to find a reliable solution that would be able to provide us with a cutting-edge solution, bringing together the highest security and advanced performance. We found all of these benefits with Red Hat Enterprise Linux.
The collaboration between Red Hat and the Italian Ministry extends beyond accessing applications through the web, as a number of additional significant enterprise applications are now also running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Applications such as accounting packages for generating payslips - both electronic and print - for more than 1.5 million state employees rely heavily on Red Hat solutions. Red Hat Enterprise Linux also powers many of the Italian Ministry's production databases, including Oracle and MySQL, on which a number of business applications insist.
The Ministry of Economics and Revenues' choice to utilize Red Hat solutions further emphasizes the relevancy and effectiveness of Red Hat's open source solutions for the government sector, said Gianni Anguilletti, country sales manager at Red Hat Italy. In a time of digital democracy, the Internet channel plays a key role for any public body. To have the Ministry choose Red Hat Enterprise Linux as the foundation for many of its web activities is a testament to the quality of our offer.
For more information about Red Hat, visit www.redhat.com. For more news, more often, visit www.press.redhat.com.
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Red Hat, the world’s leading open source solutions provider, is headquartered in Raleigh, NC with over 50 satellite offices spanning the globe. CIOs have ranked Red Hat first for value in Enterprise Software for three consecutive years in the CIO Insight Magazine Vendor Value study. Red Hat provides high-quality, low-cost technology with its operating system platform, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, together with applications, management and Services Oriented Architecture (SOA) solutions, including the JBoss Enterprise Middleware Suite. Red Hat also offers support, training and consulting services to its customers worldwide. Learn more: http://www.redhat.com.
Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: risks related to the integration of acquisitions; the ability of the Company to effectively compete; the inability to adequately protect Company intellectual property and the potential for infringement or breach of license claims of or relating to third party intellectual property; risks related to data and information security vulnerabilities; ineffective management of, and control over, the Company's growth and international operations; adverse results in litigation; the dependence on key personnel as well as other factors contained in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (copies of which may be accessed through the Securities and Exchange Commission's website at http://www.sec.gov), including those found therein under the captions Risk Factors and Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations . In addition, the forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Company's views as of the date of this press release and these views could change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company's views as of any date subsequent to the date of the press release.
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Red Hat is the world’s leading provider of open source software solutions, using a community-powered approach to reliable and high-performing cloud, Linux, middleware, storage and virtualization technologies. Red Hat also offers award-winning support, training, and consulting services. As the connective hub in a global network of enterprises, partners, and open source communities, Red Hat helps create relevant, innovative technologies that liberate resources for growth and prepare customers for the future of IT. Learn more at http://www.redhat.com.
Dichiarazioni in chiave prospettica
Certain statements contained in this press release may constitute "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements provide current expectations of future events based on certain assumptions and include any statement that does not directly relate to any historical or current fact. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: risks related to delays or reductions in information technology spending; the effects of industry consolidation; the ability of the Company to compete effectively; the integration of acquisitions and the ability to market successfully acquired technologies and products; uncertainty and adverse results in litigation and related settlements; the inability to adequately protect Company intellectual property and the potential for infringement or breach of license claims of or relating to third party intellectual property; the ability to deliver and stimulate demand for new products and technological innovations on a timely basis; risks related to data and information security vulnerabilities; ineffective management of, and control over, the Company’s growth and international operations; fluctuations in exchange rates; and changes in and a dependence on key personnel, as well as other factors contained in our most recent Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (copies of which may be accessed through the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at http://www.sec.gov), including those found therein under the captions "Risk Factors" and "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". In addition to these factors, actual future performance, outcomes, and results may differ materially because of more general factors including (without limitation) general industry and market conditions and growth rates, economic and political conditions, governmental and public policy changes and the impact of natural disasters such as earthquakes and floods. The forward-looking statements included in this press release represent the Company’s views as of the date of this press release and these views could change. However, while the Company may elect to update these forward-looking statements at some point in the future, the Company specifically disclaims any obligation to do so. These forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing the Company’s views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.
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Edgard Cooper: launching premium dog food from Belgian to UK media
Premium and healthy Belgian pet food brand Edgard & Cooper wanted to raise awareness amongst their target Millennial, urbanite UK audience. The challenge was stiff competition from home-grown businesses that already had longstanding presence amongst the media. Not only this, but we needed to do it on a shoestring, compared to other big brands with lots of budget behind them.
Our response?
We knew we needed to be creative, tapping into an emotive issue that touched the hearts of our audience, without incurring any costs. Our response was to piggy-back on the annual slew of stories covering Bonfire Night and its negative effect on canines – and launch the world’s first anti-anxiety hotline for dogs.
We issued an announcement of the hotline a few weeks in advance, coupled with advice from a University Professor and vet. Imagery to tug at the heart-strings followed, tapping into the love that the British have for their dogs (Picture Editors especially!).
On the night, the hotline went live, catering for anxious dogs and their owners across the UK. It sat online so no costs were incurred.
On the night, the hotline went live, catering for anxious dogs and their owners across the UK.
It did indeed, we secured coverage everywhere from Metro to Daily Express, Metro.co.uk, Daily Star, London Evening Standard and more. This also set the scene for other ‘deeper-dive’ pieces as a result (and we were even contacted by USA TV).
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Home » Mexico » 25 government officials up against impeachment charges
25 government officials up against impeachment charges
Cancun, Q.R. — The Justice Commission of the State Congress approved the request for impeachment against 25 officials of the last state administration.
Carlos Mario Villanueva Tenorio of the state commission said the impeachments will include the former finance secretary, Juan Pablo Guillermo Molina, former municipal president of Solidaridad, Mauricio Góngora Escalante and the former governor, Roberto Borge Angulo.
The deputy explained that of the global package of petitions for impeachment, which was put together by Carlos Mimenza, an exhaustive analysis of the 31 cases was carried out. Of those, six were discarded for not meeting the requirements to be submitted for processing with the remainder being submitted.
“There are 25 judgments of which the Great Commission can rule, he said adding “Most of them are for former officials of the last administration led by former governor Roberto Borge Angulo.”
Another one of the judgement is for Pedro Flota Alcocer, ex-president of the Great Commission in the past legislature.
He specified that the Justice Commission is responsible only to review, according to law, to see if the requirements are met for the subject involved to be subjected to political judgment. This will be the first time that the Legislative Branch presents a request for a political judgment against 25 people, which could lead to the political disqualification of those that have been accused.
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Year : 2016 | Volume : 4 | Issue : 3 | Page : 99-103
Use of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score to grade the severity and outcome in patients of typhoid ileal perforation peritonitis
Javid Iqbal1, Rajesh Kumar Meena2, Mahander Pall2, NS Shakhawat2
1 Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
2 Department of Surgery, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Javid Iqbal
Department of Surgery, Government Medical College, Jammu - 180 005, Jammu and Kashmir
Background: Typhoid ileal perforation peritonitis is a potentially life-threatening surgical emergency in developing nations. The severity assessment of a disease condition is useful to prioritize treatment and to reduce morbidity and mortality. Aims: The aim of this study was to use Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score to grade the severity and outcome in patients of typhoid ileal perforation peritonitis. Materials and Methods: A prospective analysis of data was done, which was collected over a period of 3 years for 100 cases of secondary peritonitis following typhoid ileal perforations, irrespective of age, sex, and duration of illness. APACHE II score was used to grade the severity and outcome in these patients. Results: Out of 100 patients included in this study, 87 were male and 13 were females. Age ranges between 14 and 65 years, maximum number of patients were in 2 nd and 3 rd decade of life. History of fever, abdominal pain, and abdominal distention were present in all cases. After onset of fever perforation occurred in 65% patients in 1 st week, there was an increase in mortality with increase in APACHE II score, age >50 years was associated with more mortality. The mean Intensive Care Unit stay in this study was 4.33 days, 5.81 days for survivors, and 3.47 days for nonsurvivors. Mortality in our study was 22%. Conclusion: APACHE II score is an easy and objective tool to grade severity of acute peritonitis and can be used for assessment of outcome. According to this study, patients with higher APACHE II score had highest rate of mortality and vice versa.
Iqbal J
Meena RK
Pall M
Shakhawat N S
Ileal perforation
Widal test
PDF Downloaded 3513
© Saudi Surgical Journal | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
Online since 28 August, 2013
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Three Unveils New-Season Slate
Head High is one of four local dramas Three has commissioned for 2020.
If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it — and if you are broke, make the best of what you have.
That seems to be the strategy behind Three’s line-up for 2020, which leavens a slate heavy on returning reality and procedural hits with a handful of ambitious new local series, including two new dramas, the final season of Westside and a second season of The Gulf.
Most of these already have been revealed via NZ On Air funding rounds and not one new international series has been announced.
Says Ben Quinn, Director of Content – TV: “We’re delighted to be able to head into 2020 with such a diverse line of of both local and international shows in our programming schedule.
“We know we’re able to offer our audiences and advertisers consistently high performing shows across news, drama, reality, documentary and entertainment, while continuing to showcase our greatest asset – our people.
“And of course, there’s even more to come as we plough into a new year, and new decade for Three.”
Here’s the line-up so far confirmed for next year on Three:
NEW LOCAL
Toke
A feel good action drama set in small-town Coromandel, where three happy-go-lucky kiwifruit workers stumble across a new strain of super weed and are plunged into the high-stakes global cannabis industry. Starring Lucy Lawless and Troy Kingi, it’s a high octane trip through the madcap hustle and mayhem it takes to keep their secret operation rolling.
Head High is an exciting gritty new drama series for Three told through the highs and lows of one family involved in the highly competitive world of secondary school rugby. Starring Craig Hall, Miriama McDowell, Joe Naufahu, and Jayden Daniels, this is must-see television for the whole family.
The Naki Hard
A real-life docu-drama series for Three, The Naki Hard will chronicle the lives of a group of young people growing up in small-town New Zealand. Based in Taranaki, the series aims to share their triumphs, challenges and tragedies.
David Lomas Investigates
Following on from the success of Lost & Found, David Lomas is back in this brand new series for Three, investigating New Zealand’s family secrets. David travels across the world to find the answers and to reunite families. Have a box of tissues at the ready!
RETURNING LOCAL
Grand Designs NZ (Season 6)
Explore New Zealand’s most unique and inspirational homes and take an in-depth look at the processes and personal journeys behind them.
New Zealand’s favourite local drama Westside will return for a sixth season full of chaos, drama, criminal conquests, and good old Westie fun. After picking up the award for NZ On Air Best Drama Series at the 2019 Huawei Mate30 Pro New Zealand Television Awards, you won’t want to miss what the infamous West family get up to in this hit Outrageous Fortune prequel.
7 Days (Season 11)
Hosted by Jeremy Corbett, with team captains Dai Henwood and Paul Ego, 7 Days will come to Three later next year during the highly anticipated New Zealand and American election seasons. Top comedians will pit their wits against the week’s news and each other.
Mean Mums (Season 2)
Mean Mums is returning for a second season! From the award-winning team behind Westside and Outrageous Fortune, immerse yourself in the hyper-competitive world of passive aggressive primary school mothers in this laugh-out-loud comedy.
Golden Boy (Season 2)
Also renewed for a second season, Kiwi comedy Golden Boy sports an all-star local cast including Hayley Sproull, Kim Crossman, James Rolleston, and Dean O’Gorman. Follow the hilarious life of small town girl Mitch as she lives in the constant shadow of her famous rugby brother Tama.
German-New Zealand co-production The Gulf will return to Three next year. The dark drama set on picturesque Waiheke Island followed a detective (Kate Elliott) recovering from amnesia caused by a shocking car accident who began to suspect not everything is as it seems, following the reappearance of a young boy.
The Block NZ (Season 9)
Hit reality series The Block NZ returns for its ninth season. Hosted by Mark Richardson, a bunch of new teams will tackle a monstrous build with the aim of selling their house at auction for the highest profit – and the extra cash prize! Casting is now open for the new season and you can apply here.
Dancing with the Stars NZ (Season 9)
Fresh from its win at the 2019 New Zealand Television Awards for Stage & Screen Travel Services Best Format Reality Series, Dancing with the Stars NZ will feature an array of Kiwi stars and their professional dance partners as they battle it out to take home the coveted Glitterball Trophy and win for charity.
All-New “Patrick Gower On” Documentaries
Patrick Gower will present two new documentaries for Three in 2020, taking a second deep dive into the subject of weed, and a new topical issue that New Zealanders need to know about – in typical Paddy style.
The AM Show
Married at First Sight Australia (Season 7)
Lego Masters Australia (Season 2)
Australian Ninja Warrior (Season 4)
The Block Australia (Season 15)
America’s Got Talent: The Champions (Season 2)
Grand Designs UK (Season 17)
Zumbo’s Just Desserts (Season 2)
Hawaii Five-O (Season 9)
NCIS: LA (Season 11)
SVU (Season 21)
The Graham Norton Show (Season 26)
Channels, TV3
7 Days, Featured, Golden Boy, Mean Mums, The Gulf, Westside
Hot Off the Press Release: More Power to Gower
The Dead Lands to Enliven TVNZ OnDemand
One Response to “Three Unveils New-Season Slate”
I hope whoever buys Three will be able to include more variety of shows 🙂
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Home/News/India/Atmosphere of hatred, division created in name of ‘love jihad’: KC Tyagi
Atmosphere of hatred, division created in name of ‘love jihad’: KC Tyagi
By ANI| Posted by Sameer | Published: 28th December 2020 10:13 am IST
Patna: Senior Janata Dal (United) leader KC Tyagi has said that an atmosphere of hatred and division is being created in the country in the name of “love jihad”.
“An atmosphere of hatred and division is being created in the country in the name of ‘love jihad’. Provisions of the Constitution and CrPC give freedom to two adults to choose life partners of their choice irrespective of one’s religion or caste,” said Tyagi on Sunday.
Defection of six MLAs
He also said that the defection of six MLAs of his party in Arunachal Pradesh to join Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is not a good sign for alliance politics.
READ: Karnataka's Covid vaccine recipient dies of heart stroke: Minister
Recently, six of the seven JD(U) MLAs of Arunachal Pradesh–Talem Taboh, Hayeng Mangfi, Jikke Tako, Dorjee Wangdi, Kharma, Dongru Siongju and Kanggong Taku– switched to the BJP.
“We express anguish over six JD (U) MLAs from Arunachal Pradesh joining BJP. This is not a good sign for alliance politics,” Tyagi said while addressing a press conference on the sidelines of JD(U)’s national executive meet on Sunday.
Earlier Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar downplayed the exit of the MLAs and said that “they have gone their own way”. JD(U) is part of the NDA government in Centre and won Bihar election in a pre-poll alliance with the BJP.
READ: CDs used to blackmail Yediyurappa shot by his grandchildren: Rebel BJP leader
National President of JD(U)
Meanwhile, Rajya Sabha MP Ramchandra Prasad Singh has been unanimously chosen as the national President of the Janata Dal (United) replacing Chief Minister Nitish Kumar who held that office till now.
Nitish Kumar was elected as the national President of JDU in 2019 for a period of three years but he relinquished the post today in favour of the bureaucrat-turned-politician RCP Singh.
Singh had served as the General Secretary of the party till now.
The party in a tweet said that Kumar had proposed the name of RCP in the national executive meeting and was accepted unanimously.
kc tyagi Love Jihad
Subdued celebrations at Mohammed Siraj’s house
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Home/News/World/Evidence shows China setting up villages on borders with India, Bhutan
Evidence shows China setting up villages on borders with India, Bhutan
By Bhavya Singh| Published: 7th December 2020 8:40 pm IST
Photo: Planet Labs Inc
China has constructed at least 3 villages near Bum La pass, close to the tri-junction between India, China and Bhutan, reported NDTV. The construction is possible for the relocation of citizens.
The satellite images acquired from Planet Labs, show that a single village with more than 20 structures was constructed by February 17, 2020. The second image, dated November 20, 2020 shows an addition of 3 additional enclaves with at least 50 structures.
As per the NDTV report, there is at least another enclave with 10 structures. All of these enclaves lie within one kilometre of one another and are connected by tarred, all-weather roads.
In a tweet, open-source intelligence analyst @detresfa said there is evidence of “new villages and accommodation similar to what was seen in Pangda village, Bhutan”. The setting up of the villages will ensure stricter surveillance and border control for China.
READ: Australia plans to kill pigeon that crossed Pacific
China-watcher Dr. Brahma Chellaney says, “China has been using a strategy of settling Han Chinese and Tibetan members of the Communist Party along the Indian border to strengthen its territorial claims and escalate border intrusions. Like it used fisherman in the South China Sea, China uses civilian resources, herders and grazers as the tip of the spear to intrude into Indian patrolled Himalayan areas”.
The villages shown in these images seem to have been constructed around the same time that Indian and Chinese soldiers faced off in Eastern Ladakh, in what was the worst crisis between the two nations since the 1962 war.
In September 2017, the Chief of Defense Staff, General Bipin Rawat had warned of China’s efforts at “salami slicing” into Indian territory. “As far as northern adversary is concerned, the flexing of muscle has started. The salami slicing, taking over territory in a very gradual manner, testing our limits of threshold is something we have to be wary about”, the General said.
READ: Iran, six other nations lose right to vote in UNGA
State-owned Global Times cited Chinese authorities as saying that 27 households with 124 people had “voluntarily moved from… Yadong country to Pangda village in September”.
Belgium based security analyst for Force Analysis, Sim Tack, said that this is clearly a part of a strategy to “push Chinese presence and strengthen claims on disputed areas”. He says the Chinese are doing this “so they can infringe on the border and potentially build a case for their territorial claims”.
Bhutan China India China border Villages
Natarajan: From dusty fields in Salem to Gabba high
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Home/Top Stories/Grandson of Nizam wants protection of Waqf land
Grandson of Nizam wants protection of Waqf land
By Tanveer| Published: 29th January 2019 4:12 pm IST
HYDERABAD: On Monday, the grandson of last Nizam, Muffakham Jah Mir Karamat Ali Khan called on Telangana State Waqf Board, Mohammed Saleem and appreciated for his initiatives in safeguarding the Waqf properties, particularly those under the management of the Nizam Trust.
He requested the Waqf Board to take action against the encroachers who had grabbed the properties worth crores of rupees. He also discussed various Waqf-related issues in the meeting and assured the Board to give all support to protect the assets.
Later, Mr Saleem told the media persons that he had visited Mr Jah’s residence to seek his support for the protection of Waqf properties under the management of the royal family and their trusts. He said the Waqf Board had initiated an action plan to protect the Waqf properties with the coordination of the nizam’s trust.
READ: SC asks A-G to finalise issues over quota in promotion
Waqf properties
Get the news updates on WhatsApp & Telegram by subscribing to our channels. For all the latest Hyderabad News updates, download our app Android and iOS.
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Home/News/UK returnee tests Covid positive in Odisha, hospitalised
UK returnee tests Covid positive in Odisha, hospitalised
By IANS| Published: 23rd December 2020 10:41 pm IST
Bhubaneswar, Dec 23 : A 34-year-old man returning from the UK has been shifted to a hospital after testing positive for Covid-19 here, the Bhubaneswar Municipal Corporation (BMC) said on Wednesday. The person was in isolation after his return from the UK on December 18.
“A 34-year-old male reached Bhubaneswar from the UK on December 18 and tested positive for Civid-19 at a private lab. He was shifted to a government sponsored Covid hospital immediately. He has mild flu-like symptoms,” the BMC said in a tweet.
Genome sequencing of the sample is being done to ascertain the Covid strain, while contact tracing has already been completed as per the government guidelines, the BMC said.
READ: Qualcomm launches Gen 2 in-display fingerprint sensor
The Odisha government has made 14-day home quarantine mandatory for persons with travel history from the UK upon arrival at the airports of the state.
The state government took the decision as the mutant variant of SARS-CoV-2 virus has been spreading fast in the UK.
The state government has directed the authorities to enforce the SOPs issued by the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in view of the mutant variant of coronavirus detected in the UK.
The health department asked to mandatorily screen the persons with travel history from the UK and take necessary follow-up measures to prevent the spread of the new variant of SARS-CoV-2 in the state.
READ: Bhopal receives first batch of corona vaccine
Hyderabad: With uncertainty over Numaish, dry fruit vendors find way to sell!
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TAGS: News Logistics Contracts
Canmoor is delighted to welcome Agility Logistics, one of the world’s leading integrated logistics providers to Westway Park.
James Burman | Dec 01, 2020
Relocating to Renfrew from Linwood, Agility has agreed terms on 40,000 sq ft of warehousing and distribution space at Block D on a ten-year lease. The space will be used to service growing business contracts in Scotland and around the UK.
Agility ships, stores and manages the distribution of goods for businesses of all sizes across a variety of sectors. Operating in 100 countries, it employs more than 26,000 people around the globe. The Renfrew facility is the only one in Scotland and will join a network of 16 strategic locations across the UK.
Mick Humphries, Area North West Europe Transport & Warehouse Manager of Agility said: “Our business in the UK continues to develop and we were looking to expand the Scottish facility. Connectivity and communication links were key business requirements and Westway was able to deliver the perfect solution, along with top quality space, within a 24-hour secure environment.
“We will undertake fit out works at Westway and become fully operational by April 2021.
Toby Saul, Asset Manager of Canmoor added: “Westway continues to be one of the top performing industrial and logistics locations in Scotland. Securing Agility is yet another positive boost for the park, following on from recent lockdown deals with Malcolm Group and the NHS.
“It is clear that our ongoing strategy of investment and improvement is proving popular with occupiers in the Scottish market. Since purchasing Westway in 2018, we have invested significantly into building refurbishment and park infrastructure.
“Our programme of building refurbishment and investment in park infrastructure will continue with the £3,000,000 refurbishment of Block D which will provide 40,000 sq ft to be let to Agility and a further 60,000 sq ft of top quality refurbished distribution accommodation which will be available to let from April 2021.”
Westway is a key strategic industrial and distribution location that offers excellent connectivity to the whole of Central Scotland, with Junction 27 of the M8 only 3 minutes drive away. It is located in the heart of the Glasgow Airport Investment area, which is one of the key City Deal projects that will benefit from £39.1m of inward investment over the next 10 years. This will deliver significant infrastructure investment to the area including a new two-lane bridge over the White Cart, directly linking Westway with the investment area and airport.
Westway also benefits from having its own private dock facility on the White Cart Water which accesses the River Clyde. This provides an alternative shipping solution particularly for large products that are unsuitable for transport by road.
Canmoor’s joint agents are JLL and Colliers. Agility was represented by Doherty Baines.
E-commerce fuels speculative warehousing in Golden Triangle
Unlocking the cold chain
Turning spare space into revenue on the ‘alternative market’
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Press On
By Dan Burgess
Choir Sacred (SATB choir) - Digital Download
Composed by Dan Burgess. Arranged by Robert Sterling. Choral (Sacred); Choral Octavo; Performance Music Ensemble; Single Titles; Worship Resources. Alfred Archive Edition: With One Voice Choral Series. Sacred. Choral Octavo. 12 pages. Jubilate Music Group - Digital #00-29261. Published by Jubilate Music Group - Digital (JX.00-29261).
Item Number: JX.00-29261
English. Genesis 22:1-18, Psalms 33, Psalms 91, Isaiah 33:1-10, Isaiah 43:16-21, Isaiah 50: 4-7, Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13, Luke 21:25-36, John 12:20-33, Romans 15:4-5, 1 Corinthians 1:3-9, Philippians 3:8-14, Philippians 3:17-4:1, 1 Thessalonians 3:12-4:2, 2 T.
In Jesus' name, we press on! This powerful and encouraging anthem reminds us that it is in Christ alone that we find the strength to endure life's hardships. Taken from the iconic musical by the same title, this stirring anthem is available in multiple voicings with instrumental parts and a fully-orchestrated accompaniment CD.
About With One Voice
Contains the newest and freshest song titles masterfully adapted for SATB and SAB choirs by the finest arrangers and orchestrators writing for the church today, including Tom Fettke, Bruce Greer, Richard Kingsmore, Michael Lawrence, and Robert Sterling. Stereo and split-trax accompaniment CDs, as well as additional instrumentation, including usual substitutions, are also available for all applicable titles.
Available Instantly
You save: $0.11 ~ 5%
Minimum order 10 copies
{ "catalogRefId":"21773737", "productId":"prod21773737" } Add to Cart { "catalogRefId":"21773737", "productId":"prod21773737" }
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Self Drive Cars
2020 Dodge Challenger SRT Super Stock, 2021 Ford F-150, Mansory LeMansory: This Week’s Top Photos
July 4, 2020 July 4, 2020 Self Drive CarsSelf Drive Cars
Dodge unleashed a new version of its Challenger muscle car that packs a heady 807 horsepower. It features many of the mods from 2018’s Challenger SRT Demon, but unlike the drag special the new Super Stock isn’t a limited edition. It’s available for 2020 and will continue to be available for 2021.
Folks with families can also join in on the fun because Dodge has also added a new Durango SRT Hellcat for 2021. The fast family hauler packs the same engine as the Super Stock, the familiar Hellcat 6.2-lighter supercharged V-8, though it’s been tuned to deliver 710 hp in this particular application.
2021 Dodge Charger SRT Hellcat Redeye
Dodge also gave its Charger a power boost. The muscle sedan in wide-body guise has a new SRT Hellcat Widebody Redeye edition complete with 797 hp.
Ford unveiled a new generation of its best-selling F-150. The new pickup truck dons conservative looks but the cabin and powertrain technology has taken a major step forward.
Porsche Taycan base model (China spec) – June 2020
Porsche has revealed the base version of its Taycan electric sport sedan. Right now it’s only been announced for China, but if it ends up in the United States we could see the starting price of the Taycan potentially come in under $ 100,000.
The Audi Q5 has been updated for 2021. There’s revised styling on the outside and new tech inside, including the latest version of Audi’s infotainment system.
Mansory LeMansory based on the Ford GT
And finally, Mansory made a return this week with its own take on the Ford GT. The German tuner has completely rebodied the Ford supercar and dialed up the output from the 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged V-6.
High Gear Media Network Feed
2020, 2021, Challenger, Dodge, F150, Ford, LeMansory, Mansory, Photos, stock, Super, This, Week’s
2020 Formula One Austrian Grand Prix preview
The SSC Tuatara shoots fire while shifting in Track Mode
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Family Fishing Ponds - Kalispell
Where do you take a family fishing that is easy to get to, relatively safe and offers the best possible chance of fishing success? Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks has taken some of the guesswork out of family fishing trips.
Always check the current Montana Fishing Regulations for limits and restrictions before setting out on any fishing trip.
Snappys Pond
Location: This is a unique opportunity offered by Snappy Sport Center at the junction of Highway 2 and Highway 35.
Fish Species: rainbow trout and cutthroat trout
Helpful Hints: The pond sits in a beautiful courtyard and offers benches and a waterfall. The pond also offers an underwater window for classes and general viewing. The pond is fully handicapped accessible. The pond is open to viewing and fish feeding during most business hours. There is no general fishing. Organized groups can schedule interpretive talks or fishing by FWP. Snappys, FWP, and several conservation groups offer kids' fishing days throughout the year. The pond is used heavily by "Hooked On Fishing" classes.
Dry Bridge Pond
Location: This 3-acre pond is in Dry Bridge City Park at the corner of 11th Street East and Woodland Avenue (about 8 blocks south of the Conrad Mansion) in an area known as the "Sledding Gully."
Fish Species: rainbow trout
Helpful Hints: Everyone is welcome to fish, adults 15 and older must release their fish. The best fishing is in April, May, and June. The pond is open to family fishing and anyone can fish. The pond is stocked with assistance from the "Hooked On Fishing, Not On Drugs" 4th grade class from nearby Hedges school. The pond is tree-lined with benches and a hiking path around the pond and turtles, muskrats, ducks, osprey, and bald eagles can be observed. A porta-pottie is provided by FWP. The pond was dredged to deepen it in 2003 with assistance from Les Schlegel Enterprises contracting, Sunriser Lions, Flathead Wildlife, Inc., Bonneville Power Administration, Kalispell City Parks, and FWP.
Buffalohead Park Pond
Location: This 2-acre pond sits off Grandview Drive just south of Flathead Community College. Parking and access is provided by the Glacier Church. Walk through the culvert under Grandview to the pond about 150 yards away. A porta-pottie is placed at the culvert by FWP.
Fish Species: westslope cutthroat trout
Helpful Hints: Everyone is welcome to fish, adults 15 and older must release their fish. The pond is open to family fishing, anyone can fish. Best fishing is late May and June. The pond is stocked with assistance from the Edgerton School HOF class. The pond is in a secluded setting with lots of kingfishers, ducks, and turtles. There are several gentle spots on the bank, but a lot of the bank is steep and requires some care.
Pine Grove Pond
Location: This 5 acre pond is 3 miles northeast of Kalispell off Rose Crossing east of Whitefish Stage Road and just west of the Whitefish River. The pond will officially open April 30, 2011.
Helpful Hints: This family fishing pond is open to everyone. The pond will be open to everyone. Adults 15 and older are asked to release all fish and anglers 14 and younger may keep one trout per day. The pond will be open April through September. The pond has a walking trail around it, parking and a vault latrine and will have an accessible fishing pier and picnic shelter. Osprey, bald eagles, waterfowl and whitetail deer are common. The pond was built and donated by Robin Street and his son Steve and family. Numerous groups contributed to the pond construction including Ames Construction, Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks, Flathead Electric Round Up For Safety, Flathead Valley Community College Heavy Equipment Program, Montana Fish and Wildlife Conservation Trust, Flathead Conservation District, Flathead Chapter of Walleyes Unlimited, Flathead Wildlife, Inc., and others. The pond is heavily used for Hooked On Fishing and other educational events.
Shady Lane Pond
Location: The pond is accessed through the Old Steel Bridge Fishing Access Site just east of Kalispell. The site has parking, latrines, and offers access to the Flathead River and 2.5 miles of primitive hiking trails.
Fish Species: rainbow trout, westslope cutthroat trout, pumpkinseed sunfish, and black bullheads.
Helpful Hints: Everyone is welcome to fish, young anglers can keep 1 trout per day, and adults 15 and older must release their fish. Anyone can keep bullheads and sunfish with no limit. The pond offers handicapped accessible parking, paved trail, accessible picnic pavillion, and an accessible fishing pier.
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Agent makes a massive announcement on Hadebe transfer
Soccer24 on 29 Sep, 2020
Football agent Gibson Mahachi says his client, Teenage Hadebe, has turned down the move to France after attracting interest from second division club Amiens.
The defender has been linked with an exit at his Yeni Malatyaspor following his impressive performances in his debut season in the Turkish Super Lig.
Several clubs in Turkey and across Europe want to snap him up including Amiens who got relegated from the Ligue 1 last season.
But according to Mahachi, Hadebe is only considering a switch if there is a bigger offer on the table.
“The issue with Hadebe is that he is very happy at Yeni Malatyaspor and is not looking to move for now unless a bigger and tempting offer comes his way,” the agent told NewsDay.
“It’s true there are several inquiries from Europe and that includes Amiens but there has to be a convincing reason for him to move, there has to be a much better offer if he is to leave.
“He is contracted to Yeni Malatyaspor, he is not a free agent, so it’s not like he can move just like that. At the moment he is enjoying his stay at Yeni Malatyspor.”
Hadebe has so far played in two Super Lig games this season, missing the opening match of the campaign due to a minor knock.
Hadebe linked with big move from Yeni Malatyaspor
Hadebe’s Malatyaspor in precarious possition after defeat to Besiktas
Teenage Hadebe to return home
Kaizer Chiefs coach Komphela impressed by Hadebe
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Except where otherwise noted, content on and from this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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What is the Socialist Health Association
Universal publicly provided healthcare meeting patients’ needs, free at the point of use, funded by taxation
Democracy based on freedom of information, election not selection and local decision making
Equality based on true equality of opportunity and progressive taxation
We campaign for an integrated healthcare system which reduces inequalities in health and is accountable to the communities it serves. We are affiliated to the Labour Party. Until 1980 we were called the Socialist Medical Association.
We arrange conferences. We publish policies and reports. We provide a platform for debate on health issues. We are not a doctrinaire organisation. Our members disagree about many things. This debate informs our contributions to the development of the Labour Party’s Health Policy. Our Annual General Meeting and the Central Council decide our policies according to our constitution, More details are in our Annual Reports .
This is a small organisation, but we have useful resources. Chiefly we have our members – more than 1000 across the UK. They include doctors, nurses, therapists, dentists, managers, pharmacists, academics, scientists, patients and citizens. We have nine active branches. Organisations can affiliate, and Unite, and a number of local Labour Parties and union branches do. If you want to join there is a membership form here.
Our database of contacts – about 35000 – is the key to our network which spans health, social care and politics.
Youtube our collection of videos
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Legal and Political notes
eric watts says:
This is an item from HSJ with comments on the role of FT Governors – meant to be representatives of the local community, but actually only elected from those who have become members of the local trust.
It would be more democratic if local residents were all given a vote.
Governors are vital to a foundation trust’s success
6 December, 2013 | By Giles Peel, Katy Steward
Foundation trusts need to be reminded of the important role their governors play and support them to fulfil it, say Giles Peel and Katy Steward
Since 2003, when the previous Health and Social Care Act created the concept of foundation trust governors, their role has been frequently debated but seen by many as offering only a weak form of accountability.
‘Governors are united by the view that they are there to serve and improve their organisations’
Most agree that this changed with the introduction of new statutory duties for representation and holding non-executive directors to account in last year’s act. However, this change has so far introduced more confusion and uncertainty, not less. So who would be an FT governor now?
During the course of this year DAC Beachcroft and the King’s Fund have run a joint programme of training for lead governors and had the opportunity to examine first-hand some of the nuances of the role.
Now, with changes in the sector happening at pace, the governors’ representative role should come to the fore. Governors are united by the view that they are there to serve and improve their organisations and there is no doubt that the repeated, and often negative, media coverage of the NHS spurs them on this regard.
What is their role? Whether boards see the governors’ primary role as to aplly a rubber stamp or to pose questions depends on individuals, behaviours and personalities to a large degree, even within the boundaries of the new Health Act.
First, Monitor will expect boards to be able to answer the questions “How are you monitoring patient and public views?”and “Can you assure yourselves that you understand the impact on the community of proposed changes to services?” Governors have a key role to help in this regard.
Second, governors and chairs have learnt about the nature of their representative role and most are at ease with the idea, even if they are concerned about how to access members and the public alike. Governors must be comfortable about asking the board if it is doing enough to understand the needs of the community it serves.
Third, governors are realising that their ability to “hold non-executive directors to account” depends on the relationship they build with the board (and equally the willingness to be held to account depends on the relationship the non-executive directors build with the governors). Anybody can ask questions but not everyone will get a good answer.
Governors have consistently raised important issue in trusts with serious failing on quality of care, and they must continue to believe that they have a duty to challenge non executive directors when they have reasonable grounds for concern, and to expect a response.
‘Governors’ confidence is something that boards could do more to develop: induction is only the start’
Fourth, unfortunately our experience to date has shown that there are a small number of governors who, for a variety of reasons (and some with good intentions) have decided that disruption and agitation is the best means to achieve their ends. In these circumstances, pragmatic codes of conduct are vital to set the values of the organisation and provide a loose framework for debate and behaviour.
Effective challenge does not need to be adversarial but involves a variety of skills and emotional intelligence. Governors’ confidence is something that boards could do more to develop: induction is only the start, and boards must satisfy the new duty to equip governors with the requisite skills. Chairs need to set the tone here and set out expectations from both the board and council perspective.
Behaviours: Governors need exceptional moral courage and leadership to tackle and communicate difficult issues and not give up. Lead governors especially need leadership development. We should strive to make governors aware of how to make difficult conversations more, not less, productive by deploying appropriate behaviours.
Knowing how far to challenge: Governors need to know how to challenge and when to stop. They are not responsible for the operational management of the trust and should not try to second guess the directors. They are expected to satisfy themselves that the boards are making the right decisions, which is why their duty is framed around holding the non-executive directors to account for the performance of the board.
Finding the common ground: Values are at the heart of governance, as successive codes have shown. Boards and councils of governors should come together around their shared values. NHS boards used to recruit non executive directors on the basis of their local position.
The “local worthy” model of governance gave way to a skills and relevant experience model, at the same time as FTs set out to improve finances and quality. While a lot of good has come from this, there is still more to be gained by recognising a joint commitment to the locality and restating these as values.
The picture is mixed. We see a diverse range of people determined to make a difference, navigating their way through complex and often contradictory views of their role and influence. We all need to help.
Giles Peel is head of health advisory at DAC Beachcroft and Katy Steward is assistant director in leadership at the King’s Fund
eric watts
eric watts | 6-Dec-2013 3:09 pm
The most difficult problem in respect of holding Non Executive Directors ( NEDs) to account and knowing that the right decisions are being made is knowing what the NEDs do and how they influence decisions.
There are many meetings held and decisions made without governors being present to be able to judge on whether the right decision was made. As a governor I am aware of the outcome of the meetings and time does not allow for governors to question how the decisions were made.
For governors to be sufficiently well briefed to really know how decisions are made we would need to work more than the EWTD allows.
In effect most of the information we have access to is from Executive Directors or the chair rather than from NEDs. We have to make our judgments on the basis of limited information and this is the most significant weakness in the system.
The title itself is misleading, governors do not govern, they only have the opportunity to ask questions and the limited time available at meetings limits how far questioning can proceed.
There role of the governor is evolving but the potential for governors to contribute to improving the performance of their Trusts is limited by the fact that they are meant to operate through holding NEDs to account.
The work of the trust is carried out by the staff, managed by the mangers, directed by the executive. The NEDs see little of the front line action – the most important work and the governors have limited access to NEDs. With the best will in the world governors can only make judgments on a highly selected fraction of the work NEDs do.
The next stage in making governors more effective will need to explore how to bring more of the NED’s work under the scrutiny of the governors. This could be done in many ways, including inviting governors onto all the committees that NEDs sit on, by asking NEDs to provide regular reports of their activities or by inviting them to regular review meetings with governors.
Unsuitable or offensive?
sjburnell@focused-on.com
sjburnell@focused-on.com | 6-Dec-2013 9:41 pm
Unfortunately, FT’s must deal with a contradiction because DH insists the Chair of the Board is the Chair of the Governors.
Eric Watts is right, therefore, to say that NED’s must make themselves far more available to their Council of Governors otherwise NEDs will always remain accountable solely to the Chairman.
But, why should they seek to have two ‘masters’ & how many Chairs will see it in their best interests either?
Perhaps we should just require Governors to hold the Chairman to account & leave the Chair to deal with the performance of his Executives & NEDs?
John Gooderham | 7-Dec-2013 8:25 am
Tis good to hear again from Giles, who led Western Sussex Hospital to FT, at the start of what was to prove a long journey. I wonder if he’d care to return to see how we’re getting on. There is still a great deal of uncertainty in finding what we Govs can usefully contribute, over and above our statutory duties, and a few feathers have been ruffled as a result, but perhaps that’s no bad thing. The whole concept of accountability remains a tricky one to grasp (at least for me). But the critical friend description, used of School Govs a long tome ago, still seems applicable (at least to me). If that means being a bit awkward, that seems OK (at least to me)
Martin Rathfelder says:
We produced some ideas about the governance of FTs in 2010
https://www.sochealth.co.uk/socialist-health-association-policy/nhs-policies/statement-on-foundation-hospitals-2010/
Are they still good – a lot has happened since then?
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by Owl City
Album: Ocean Eyes (Deluxe Version) (2009)
This track is included on the deluxe version of electro act Owl City's album Ocean Eyes. Lyrically the song is about his trademark desire to escape in dreams and sky. He explained to Female First that it is "a carefree song about adventure and exploration. Looking down on the world, leaning out and brushing the snow from evergreen branches, wondering where life will take you."
More songs from Owl City
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Lyrics to Hot Air Balloon
Never Tear Us ApartINXS
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Eleanor RigbyThe Beatles
Paul McCartney based the "Eleanor Rigby" story on old ladies he met at his housing estate. He saw how sometimes when they died, nobody really noticed.
Mr. CrowleyOzzy Osbourne
The Ozzy Osbourne song "Mr. Crowley" is about Aleister Crowley, a British practitioner of dark magic in the early 1900s.
DarlinAvril Lavigne
Avril Lavigne said her Goodbye Lullaby track "Darlin" was "probably" the second song she ever wrote. The Canadian composed it when she was an unsigned 15-year-old living in Napanee, Ontario.
A Moment Like ThisKelly Clarkson
Kelly Clarkson says someone would have to be dying in front of her before she ever sings "A Moment Like This" again.
Rock Revenge SongsMusic Quiz
John Lennon, Paul Simon and Lynyrd Skynyrd are some of the artists who have written revenge songs. Do you know who they wrote them about?
Billy Gould of Faith No MoreSongwriter Interviews
Faith No More's bassist, Billy Gould, chats to us about his two new experimental projects, The Talking Book and House of Hayduk, and also shares some stories from the FNM days.
Billy Steinberg - "Like A Virgin"They're Playing My Song
The first of Billy's five #1 hits was the song that propelled Madonna to stardom. You'd think that would get you a backstage pass, wouldn't you?
Dick Wagner (Alice Cooper/Lou Reed)Songwriter Interviews
The co-writer/guitarist on many Alice Cooper hits, Dick was also Lou Reed's axeman on the Rock n' Roll Animal album.
U2Fact or Fiction
How did The Edge get his name? Did they name a song after a Tolkien book? And who is "Angel of Harlem" about?
Rick AstleySongwriter Interviews
Rick Astley on "Never Gonna Give You Up," "Cry For Help," and his remarkable resurgence that gave him another #1 UK album.
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In Play with Tom Markowski
Top 10 Games: Lakeview seeks second playoff appearance on Friday
By: Tom Markowski, October 20, 2016, 3:26 pm
St. Clair Shores – There’s a saying that good guys finish last. If that’s true Pat Threet’s teams wouldn’t win a game.
Threet is the head coach at St. Clair Shores Lakeview and his Huskies are 5-3, a win away from clinching a playoff spot. If Lakeview does win at New Haven (4-4) on Friday it would be the second time Lakeview qualified for the playoffs. The first time was in 2010 and Threet was the coach then. This is his second stint as Lakeview’s coach.
In between Threet coached at Fraser. The Ramblers have made the playoffs once since 1998. That was in 2014, Threet’s fourth and final season at Fraser. Threet left Fraser after that season to take a teaching position at Lakeview and become its football coach.
Threet is old school. He runs an old school offense, the T-formation. His programs haven’t attracted many transfers. The players he gets, for the most part, are the ones that were there the year before and the year before that. Off-season acquisitions isn’t his forte.
Some would say Threet’s offense is boring, that there’s little imagination when all you do is hand the ball off, execute your blocking schemes and secure the football as a running back. He’s likely to agree.
“My buddies will be up in the crowd,” Threet said. “And they’ll hear people say things like, ‘that coach doesn’t change anything’. And we’ll be down 21-0. At halftime we’ll be leading 28-21 and my guys will say to the others, ‘good thing that coach didn’t change anything’.”
Lakeview is 2-3 in the Macomb Area Conference Silver Division, which is not one of the strongest divisions in the MAC. But this season it’s not bad. It’s quite possible that four of the six teams will qualify for the playoffs.
And back to that boring offense. Last week Lakeview went toe-to-toe with the Silver’s top team, Warren Fitzgerald (7-1, 4-1), and lost 40-34. Lakeview has now scored a school record 273 points this season.
“We keep it simple,” Threet said. “We have three good backs. We have great kids and they come from hard-working families.”
Those three backs are all seniors. Chris Wise has rushed for 1,018 yards and 15 touchdowns. Jacen Norman has 685 yards and 11 touchdowns, and Kory Majewski has 552 yards and nine touchdowns. All are averaging over seven yards per carry.
You won’t find any players being recruited by Division I schools here. Few will even play at a small collegiate school. What Threet does have is players who listen to their coaches and go about their responsibilities with pride.
At center for Threet is Noah Godlewski. He weighs 170 pounds. At left guard is Andrew Sorgeloos. As a back-up quarterback last season he weighed 140 pounds. He’s all the way up to 160 now. Threet doesn’t ask them to be superstars. But he does ask them to block, for at least two or three seconds so the backs have time to get through the hole.
“I tell the kids that talent is like the elastic in your underwear,” Threet said. “If you want to get better you have to expand.”
Like I was saying. Pick: Lakeview by 8.
All games are Friday at 7 p.m. unless noted.
Clinton Township Chippewa Valley (5-3) at New Baltimore Anchor Bay (5-3): Usually when you have a MAC Red Division team that has the same record as a team from the MAC White it’s an easy pick. Not sure here. Chippewa Valley is a young team and might be prone to making one too many mistakes. Pick: Chippewa Valley by 2.
Detroit King (7-1) vs. Detroit Cass Tech (8-0) at Ford Field: Cass Tech won the first game this season, 31-18. The Technicians led 17-0 at halftime before King made a game of it. King is just too inexperienced to handle the pressure of a game like this, in a venue like this. Pick: Cass Tech by 8.
Grandville Calvin Christian (5-3) at Belding (5-3): Belding is 5-0 all-time against the Squires. Calvin Christian nosed closer to a playoff spot last week as quarterback Jake Bouma rushed for 159 yards and passed for 156 in a 30-29 victory over Leroy Pine River. Pick: Belding by 4.
Greenville (5-3) at Grand Rapids Forest Hills Northern (4-4): Don’t like Northern’s chances of getting in as an additional qualifier but there is a chance. Greenville could have qualified last week but lost a tough one (20-13 to Wyoming). Greenville has made the playoffs just four times, the last coming in 2010, so a win here would do much for the program. Pick: Northern by 2.
Holly (5-3) at Ortonville Brandon (7-1): Adam Tooley and his friends in the backfield for Holly need to get their engines in high gear if they expect to take down the Blackhawks. Holly can clinch a spot in the playoffs for just the fifth time in school history, and fourth in the last seven seasons. Holly has lost the last three to Brandon. Make it four. Pick: Brandon by 3.
Livonia Franklin (6-2) at Novi (4-4): Novi made the playoffs as an additional qualifier last season and the Wildcats are entertaining that possibility again. Novi’s up-and-down season continues. Pick: Novi by 3.
Temperance Bedford (7-1) at Detroit Country Day (8-0): OK, so this game won’t determine a playoff team but it promises to be entertaining. Bedford might need to win this game to secure home field in the first round. Pick: Bedford by 3.
Waterford Mott (4-4) at Howell (5-3): The winner gets in the playoffs. If Howell loses it still might qualify. Howell has shown more consistency this season that has Mott. Pick: Howell by 6.
Detroit Catholic Central (8-0) vs. Orchard Lake St. Mary’s (5-3) at Ford Field, Sat., 7: C.C. hasn’t won the Catholic League title since 2011. No one knows that better than the Shamrocks. For St. Mary’s to win the Eaglets got to keep the score down. Pick: C.C. by 7.
Last week’s record: 6-4.
Season record: 54-26.
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Home Procurement News Today's fast food options much less healthier than in past decades, study finds
Today's fast food options much less healthier than in past decades, study finds
The Strategic Sourceror on Monday, March 11, 2019 Procurement News,
Fast food fans would largely agree that consistency is a key component to customer satisfaction. Not only do burgers, French fries, pizzas and the like need to be delivered quickly - as their title implies, a function of a fully operational supply chain - but they have to taste good as well, using the ingredients that grab-and-go foodies know and love.
But according to a newly released study, it seems that diners are now chowing down on menu offerings that are a great deal saltier and fattier than their past incarnations.
Based on a recently released study published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, researchers found that most meal options at fast food restaurant chains contain more sodium, calories, and fat grams today than they did in the early- to mid-1980s, ScienceDaily reported.
The study's analysts, hailing from Boston University, arrived at their conclusions by using the publicly available Fast Food Guide to get some of the nutrition facts on commonly served and purchased menu options at the nation's top-selling chains in 1986 compared to the corresponding leading franchises of 2016.
Meals are larger and more calorie rich
Although they found that theses businesses had more meal options to choose from - including those of the health-conscious variety, such as salads with dressings on the side, vegetarian dishes and those that corresponded with popular diet programs like Weight Watchers - researchers discovered that modern items came in larger portion sizes and were more calorically dense. This was particularly evident among desserts, entrees and sides dishes, such as French fries and cole slaw.
"The typical meal at today's quick serve restaurants contains approximately 767 calories."
Researchers further discovered that, on average, the typical meal at today's quick serve restaurants contained approximately 767 calories, which translates to about 40 percent of the recommended amount for a 2,000-calorie-per-day diet.
Megan McCrory, Ph.D., the study's principal investigator from Boston University's Department of Health Sciences, said that it's little wonder why obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, as the ingredients in the fast food supply chain are largely lacking in nutrient density.
"Our study offers some insights on how fast food may be helping to fuel the continuing problem of obesity and related chronic conditions in the United States," McCrory explained, as reported by ScienceDaily. "Despite the vast number of choices offered at fast-food restaurants, some of which are healthier than others, the calories, portion sizes, and sodium content overall have worsened over time and remain high."
McCrory further stated that while QSRs are doing a better job at transparency by posting the nutrition facts of menu items in their locations, on websites and other marketing materials, there's more that they can do to address this situation, such as making portions sizes a bit smaller and dialing back on the amount of sodium they use in production.
Nearly 40 percent of Americans are obese
Weight management is an ongoing struggle for millions of Americans, many of whom have hectic work schedules, thus making it more difficult to exercise and burn off the extra calories they consume. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, close to 40 percent of adults in America are obese, which translates to around 93 million people ages 18 and older. The rate is even higher among middle-aged Americans at nearly 43 percent.
Americans are well aware of the obesity crisis and aim to stay in good shape. Indeed, nearly two-thirds of respondents in a recent L.E.K. survey said they try to eat healthier more often than not. At the same time, though, 85 percent confess that they frequently wind up abandoning their carb-conscious pursuits by indulging in guilty pleasures, like fried foods and sweets.
QSRs can help to ameliorate this issue by slightly altering their production supply chain so menu items - such as hamburgers - contain more lean protein. For example, instead of using burgers composed of 20 percent fat - which is the industry standard - they may want to consider mass producing ground beef with 90/10 meat-to-fat ratios. Although there's more to weight management than portion control, health experts stress that a little goes a long way.
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Jan Griffiths Makes the Case for Human Skills
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60+ PHOTOS: St Patrick’s graduates celebrate end of an era
St Patrick's Year 6 Graduation Liturgy 2020. Photo/Holly Cormack.
Holly Cormack
3rd Dec 2020 4:00 PM
ST PATRICK’S Catholic Primary School have farewelled their 2020 school leaders in an emotional liturgy this week, reflecting on their journey over the past seven years as they prepare for High School.
Held at Our Lady Help of Christians Catholic Church last night, Grade 6 teacher John Greenham said he was sad to see his students leave St Patrick’s but grateful to have the chance to see them learn and grow over the past term.
“Even though I only got to know you over one term, you’ll forever be etched in my heart,” Mr Greenham said.
“Each and every one of you impressed me with your leadership and kindness, and I’m lucky I’m the one who got to spend your last weeks of primary school with you.”
Each student was awarded a certificate for their incredible efforts, as well as three special awards celebrating academic achievement and leadership among the students.
St Patrick’s Overall Improvement Award, which goes to the student who has shown improvement in their academic learning and social situations during their time at St Patrick’s, was awarded to Chad King.
Chad King with grade 6 teacher John Greenham and principal Justin McCarthy, St Patrick's Year 6 Graduation Liturgy 2020. Photo/Holly Cormack.
St Patrick’s All Rounder Award, received by the student who has demonstrated an all round ability during their time at the school, was awarded to Dominic Pedron.
Dominic Pedron with grade 6 teacher John Greenham and principal Justin McCarthy, St Patrick's Year 6 Graduation Liturgy 2020. Photo/Holly Cormack.
St Patrick’s Leadership award, for the student who typifies what a leader should stand for and exhibits the qualities of a leader during their time at St Patrick’s, was awarded to Larrah Mead.
Larrah Mead with grade 6 teacher John Greenham and principal Justin McCarthy, St Patrick's Year 6 Graduation Liturgy 2020. Photo/Holly Cormack.
Here are some photos from their graduation:
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Human Spaceflights
Watch Astronauts Test Orion Spaceship Door for Future Mars Trips
By Calla Cofield 04 August 2016
Astronauts Stephanie Wilson, Karen Nyberg and Rick Mastracchio (left to right) test the docking hatch on a mock-up of the Orion space capsule.
(Image: © NASA)
Carrying humans to space is a dangerous endeavor, so NASA is thoroughly testing its next-generation human space vehicle.
NASA's Orion capsule could help astronauts on their way to Mars and other space locations someday. This week, a group of ground-based astronauts demonstrated the kind of testing that Orion is undergoing before it ever carries crewmembers into space.
In a short video released by the space agency, three NASA astronauts are shown testing the docking hatch — which would connect the capsule to a larger vehicle in space — on a mock-up version of Orion. The test will demonstrate how the hatch functions during an emergency situation.
"Today we're practicing an emergency escape as if we landed in the ocean and we can't use the side hatch because of large waves," NASA astronaut Rick Mastracchio said in the video. "So we're practicing egressing out the top of the docking hatch today."
Astronauts Stephanie Wilson, Karen Nyberg and Rick Mastracchio (left to right) test the docking hatch on a mock-up of the Orion space capsule. (Image credit: NASA)
The Orion mock-up is located at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Mastracchio was joined in the testing by astronauts Stephanie Wilson and Karen Nyberg.
The Orion spacecraft can carry two to six crewmembers at a time. The video shows that the quarters aboard Orion are somewhat cramped, and astronauts are intended to stay in the vehicle for only short periods of time. A journey to Mars would require a much larger vehicle for the crew during what could be a nine-month ride to the Red Planet.
In 2018, NASA plans to make the first test launch of the SLS rocket. During that test, the rocket will send the uncrewed Orion on a trip to the vicinity of the moon.
Follow Calla Cofield @callacofield. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on Space.com.
On This Day in Space! Jan. 17, 1985: Final Aerobee sounding rocket launched
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2021-2022 Policy Debate Topic Announced
After a nationwide vote, the National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) has announced that the 2021-2022 Policy Debate topic will be:
WATER RESOURCES – Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its protection of water resources in the United States.
For more topics, click here.
2021 Feb PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2021 February Public Forum topic is, Resolved: On balance, the benefits of urbanization in West Africa outweigh the harms.
A total of 136 coaches and 394 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 60% of the coach vote and 65% of the student vote.
2021 Jan PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2021 January Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The National Security Agency should end its surveillance of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents.
A total of 395 coaches and 1,039 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 64% of the coach vote and 72% of the student vote.
2021 Jan/Feb LD Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2021 January/February Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: States ought to ban lethal autonomous weapons.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces Top 100 Schools
This designation is given to schools with the largest number of new degrees.
DES MOINES – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the Top 100 Schools for the 2019-2020 school year. Each year, the 100 chapters with the largest number of new degrees in the National Forensic League Honor Society receive the Top 100 Schools designation.
“Our Top 100 schools show an incredible commitment to growing speech and debate,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “These programs demonstrate outstanding commitment to the values of integrity, humility, respect, leadership, and service that are central to our Code of Honor.”
Top 100 Schools, listed in alphabetical order by state:
Bentonville High School (Bentonville, AR)
Hamilton High School (Chandler, AZ)
Alhambra High School (Alhambra, CA)
Archbishop Mitty High School (San Jose, CA)
Bellarmine College Prep (San Jose, CA)
Carlsbad High School (Carlsbad, CA)
Claremont High School (Claremont, CA)
Dougherty Valley High School (San Ramon, CA)
Gabrielino High School (San Gabriel, CA)
James Logan High School (Union City, CA)
Leland High School (San Jose, CA)
Los Altos High School (Santa Cruz, CA)
Monta Vista High School (Cupertino, CA)
Monte Vista High School (Danville, CA)
The Harker School (San Jose, CA)
Cherry Creek High School (Greenwood Village, CO)
George Washington High School (Denver, CO)
American Heritage School – Plantation (Plantation, FL)
Cypress Bay High School (Weston, FL)
West Broward High School (Pembroke Pines, FL)
Western High School (Davie, FL)
Highland High School (Pocatello, ID)
Downers Grove South High School (Downers Grove, IL)
Glenbrook North High School (Northbrook, IL)
Glenbrook South High School (Glenview, IL)
Hinsdale Central High School (Hinsdale, IL)
Homewood-Flossmoor High School (Flossmoor, IL)
Chesterton High School (Chesterton, IN)
Munster High School (Munster, IN)
Blue Valley High School (Overland Park, KS)
Blue Valley North High School (Overland Park, KS)
Blue Valley West High School (Overland Park, KS)
Lansing High School (Lansing, KS)
Lawrence Free State High School (Lawrence, KS)
Olathe Northwest High School (Olathe, KS)
Pittsburg High School (Pittsburg, KS)
Salina South High School (Salina, KS)
Shawnee Mission East High School (Prairie Village, KS)
Washburn Rural High School (Topeka, KS)
Wichita East High School (Wichita, KS)
Henry Clay High School (Lexington, KY)
Lexington High School (Lexington, MA)
Newton South High School (Newton, MA)
Shrewsbury High School (Shrewsbury, MA)
Eagan High School (Eagan, MN)
East Ridge High School (Woodbury, MN)
Eastview High School (Apple Valley, MN)
Edina High School (Edina, MN)
Lakeville North High School (Lakeville, MN)
Moorhead High School (Moorhead, MN)
Wayzata High School (Plymouth, MN)
Blue Springs High School (Blue Springs, MO)
Blue Springs South High School (Blue Springs, MO)
Bolivar R 1 High School (Bolivar, MO)
Central High School (Springfield, MO)
Glendale High School (Springfield, MO)
Kickapoo High School (Springfield, MO)
Lee’s Summit North High School (Lee’s Summit, MO)
Lee’s Summit West High School (Lee’s Summit, MO)
Liberty North High School (Liberty, MO)
Liberty Sr High School (Liberty, MO)
Neosho High School (Neosho, MO)
North Kansas City High School (North Kansas City, MO)
The Pembroke Hill School (Kansas City, MO)
Willard High School (Willard, MO)
Bozeman High School (Bozeman, MT)
Glacier High School (Kalispell, MT)
Cary Academy (Cary, NC)
Durham Academy (Durham, NC)
Lincoln East High School (Lincoln, NE)
Lincoln Southwest High School (Lincoln, NE)
Millard North High School (Omaha, NE)
Montville High School (Montville, NJ)
Ridge High School (Basking Ridge, NJ)
Chaminade High School (Mineola, NY)
Regis High School (New York, NY)
Scarsdale High School (Scarsdale, NY)
Syosset High School (Syosset, NY)
The Bronx High School Of Science (Bronx, NY)
Hawken School (Gates Mills, OH)
Perry High School (Massillon, OH)
Solon High School (Solon, OH)
North Allegheny High School (Wexford, PA)
Unionville High School (Kennett Square, PA)
Upper St Clair High School (Pittsburgh, PA)
Riverside High School (Greer, SC)
Aberdeen Central High School (Aberdeen, SD)
O’Gorman High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
Roosevelt High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
Washington High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
Bellaire High School (Bellaire, TX)
Flower Mound High School (Flower Mound, TX)
Plano West Sr High School (Plano, TX)
Saint Mary’s Hall High School (San Antonio, TX)
Seven Lakes High School (Katy, TX)
Westwood High School (Austin, TX)
William P. Clements High School (Sugar Land, TX)
Interlake High School (Bellevue, WA)
Cheyenne East High School (Cheyenne, WY)
BC Academy (Langley, BC, Canada)
About the National Speech & Debate Association
The National Speech & Debate Association is the authority on public speaking and debate in the United States. The Association builds the infrastructure for speech and debate competitions around the world by providing topics, educational resources, and training for students and coaches. For nearly 100 years, the National Speech & Debate Association has built a platform for youth voices that culminates in the National Tournament, the largest academic competition in the world. For more information, visit www.speechanddebate.org.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces Club Awards for Top Schools
These high schools are ranked among the top speech and debate members
DES MOINES – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce Club Awards for more than 800 schools. Club awards are awarded to schools who meet a certain threshold of strength points.
“Our Club Award winners show an incredible commitment to this activity, their students, and their success,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “These programs demonstrate outstanding commitment to teaching students essential life skills—including communication, research, listening, writing, and organization.”
Strength points are calculated based on student and coach achievements in competition and service. For each degree a student receives, they also earn one strength point. A school’s strength is the sum of each student’s strength plus the strength of up to three coaches.
Listed in alphabetical order by state:
900 Club schools (900 Strength Points):
The Montgomery Academy (Montgomery, AL)
Cabot High School (Cabot, AR)
Arcadia High School (Arcadia, CA)
Bonita Vista High School (Chula Vista, CA)
Miramonte High School (Orinda, CA)
Orosi High School (Orosi, CA)
Denver East High School (Denver, CO)
Lake Highland Preparatory School (Orlando, FL)
Ransom Everglades School (Coconut Grove, FL)
Madison High School (Rexburg, ID)
Rigby High School (Rigby, ID)
College Preparatory School Of America (Lombard, IL)
Fishers High School (Fishers, IN)
Lawrence High School (Lawrence, KS)
Acton-Boxborough Regional High School (Acton, MA)
Apple Valley High School (Apple Valley, MN)
Chanhassen High School (Chanhassen, MN)
St Paul Academy & Summit School (St. Paul, MN)
Clayton High School (Clayton, MO)
Jefferson City High School (Jefferson City, MO)
Marshall High School (Marshall, MO)
Flathead High School (Kalispell, MT)
Ardrey Kell High School (Charlotte, NC)
Summit High School (Summit, NJ)
Advanced Technologies Academy (Las Vegas, NV)
Palo Verde High School (Las Vegas, NV)
Canfield High School (Canfield, OH)
Hoover High School (North Canton, OH)
Jackson High School (Massillon, OH)
Mason High School (Mason, OH)
Wooster High School (Wooster, OH)
Norman North High School (Norman, OK)
Lincoln High School (Portland, OR)
Westview High School (Portland, OR)
CR North High School (Newtown, PA)
Brookings High School (Brookings, SD)
Sioux Falls Lincoln High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
Watertown High School (Watertown, SD)
Coppell High School (Coppell, TX)
Elkins High School (Missouri City, TX)
Grapevine High School (Grapevine, TX)
L C Anderson High School (Austin, TX)
Lovejoy High School (Lucas, TX)
Oak Ridge High School (Conroe, TX)
Tompkins High School (Katy, TX)
Green Canyon High School (North Logan, UT)
Thomas Jefferson HS Science & Tech (Alexandria, VA)
Colegio Bilingue New Horizons (Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic)
Vestavia Hills High School (Vestavia Hills, AL)
Har-Ber High School (Springdale, AR)
BASIS Peoria (Peoria, AZ)
Brophy College Prep (Phoenix, AZ)
Desert Vista High School (Phoenix, AZ)
Phoenix Country Day School (Paradise Valley, AZ)
Cajon High School (San Bernardino, CA)
College Prep (Oakland, CA)
Cupertino High School (Cupertino, CA)
Flintridge Preparatory School (La Canada Flintridge, CA)
Fullerton Union High School (Fullerton, CA)
Granite Bay High School (Granite Bay, CA)
Helix Charter High School (La Mesa, CA)
Lowell High School (San Francisco, CA)
Loyola High School (Los Angeles, CA)
Mission San Jose High School (Fremont, CA)
Mountain House High School (Mountain House, CA)
Palo Alto Senior High School (Palo Alto, CA)
Palos Verdes Peninsula High School (Rolling Hills Estates, CA)
Presentation High School (San Jose, CA)
San Marino High School (San Marino, CA)
Stockdale High School (Bakersfield, CA)
Turlock High School (Turlock, CA)
Valley International Prep (Los Angeles, CA)
Westridge School (Pasadena, CA)
Cherokee Trail High School (Aurora, CO)
Eaglecrest High School (Centennial, CO)
Fairview High School (Boulder, CO)
Holy Family High School (Broomfield, CO)
Kent Denver School (Englewood, CO)
STRIVE Prep – RISE (Denver, CO)
Christopher Columbus High School (Miami, FL)
Dreyfoos School of the Arts (West Palm Beach, FL)
Nova High School (Davie, FL)
NSU University School (Davie, FL)
Suncoast Comm High School (Riviera Beach, FL)
Taravella High School (Coral Springs, FL)
Trinity Preparatory School (Winter Park, FL)
Wellington Community High School (Wellington, FL)
Columbus High School (Columbus, GA)
Marist School (Atlanta, GA)
Northview High School (Johns Creek, GA)
Parker School (Kamuela, HI)
West Des Moines Valley High School (West Des Moines, IA)
Blackfoot High School (Blackfoot, ID)
Eagle High School (Eagle, ID)
Hillcrest High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
Belleville West High School (Belleville, IL)
Downers Grove North High School (Downers Grove, IL)
Evanston Twp High School (Evanston, IL)
Glenbard West High School (Glen Ellyn, IL)
New Trier Township High School (Winnetka, IL)
Niles West High School (Skokie, IL)
Solorio Academy High School (Chicago, IL)
University High School (Normal, IL)
Wheaton North High School (Wheaton, IL)
Andover High School (Andover, KS)
Bishop Miege High School (Shawnee Mission, KS)
Derby High School (Derby, KS)
Emporia High School (Emporia, KS)
Fort Scott High School (Fort Scott, KS)
Garden City High School (Garden City, KS)
Hutchinson High School (Hutchinson, KS)
Manhattan High School (Manhattan, KS)
Newton High School (Newton, KS)
Olathe East High School (Olathe, KS)
Olathe North High School (Olathe, KS)
Olathe South High School (Olathe, KS)
Piper High School (Kansas City, KS)
Shawnee Mission South High School (Overland Park, KS)
Sumner Academy (Kansas City, KS)
Topeka High School (Topeka, KS)
Wichita Collegiate Upper School (Wichita, KS)
Comeaux High School (Lafayette, LA)
Milton Academy (Milton, MA)
Needham High School (Needham, MA)
Chaska High School (Chaska, MN)
Eden Prairie High School (Eden Prairie, MN)
Prior Lake High School (Savage, MN)
Rosemount Sr High School (Rosemount, MN)
St Michael Albertville High School (St Michael, MN)
Stillwater Area High School (Stillwater, MN)
The Blake School (Minneapolis, MN)
Camdenton High School (Camdenton, MO)
Grain Valley High (Grain Valley, MO)
Independence Chrisman High School (Independence, MO)
Independence Truman High School (Independence, MO)
Joplin High School (Joplin, MO)
Ladue Horton Watkins High School (St Louis, MO)
Marquette High School (Chesterfield, MO)
Park Hill High School (Kansas City, MO)
Park Hill South High School (Kansas City, MO)
Parkway West High School (Ballwin, MO)
Raymore-Peculiar High School (Peculiar, MO)
Raytown High School (Raytown, MO)
Raytown South High School (Raytown, MO)
Republic High School (Republic, MO)
Rockhurst High School (Kansas City, MO)
Oak Grove High School (Hattiesburg, MS)
Asheville High School (Asheville, NC)
Charlotte Catholic High School (Charlotte, NC)
Myers Park High School (Charlotte, NC)
Pinecrest High School (Southern Pines, NC)
Providence High School (Charlotte, NC)
Dickinson High School (Dickinson, ND)
Valley City High School (Valley City, ND)
Lincoln Southeast High School (Lincoln, NE)
Millard West High School (Omaha, NE)
Norfolk High School (Norfolk, NE)
North Platte High School (North Platte, NE)
Bridgewater-Raritan Regional High School (Bridgewater, NJ)
Delbarton School (Morristown, NJ)
Millburn High School (Millburn, NJ)
Princeton High School (Princeton, NJ)
Randolph High School (Randolph, NJ)
Coronado High School (Henderson, NV)
Elko High School (Elko, NV)
Green Valley High School (Henderson, NV)
Northwest Career And Technical Academy (Las Vegas, NV)
Reno High School (Reno, NV)
Achievement First Brooklyn High School (Brooklyn, NY)
Jericho High School (Jericho, NY)
Centerville High School (Centerville, OH)
Chagrin Falls High School (Chagrin Falls, OH)
Gilmour Academy (Gates Mills, OH)
Hathaway Brown School (Shaker Heights, OH)
Highland High School (Medina, OH)
Oakwood High School (Dayton, OH)
Stow-Munroe Falls High School (Stow, OH)
University School (Hunting Valley, OH)
Bixby High School (Bixby, OK)
Booker T Washington High School (Tulsa, OK)
Jenks High School (Jenks, OK)
Westmoore High School (Oklahoma City, OK)
Ashland High School (Ashland, OR)
Fox Chapel Area High School (Pittsburgh, PA)
Strath Haven High School (Wallingford, PA)
Harrisburg High School (Harrisburg, SD)
Sioux Falls Christian High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
Brentwood High School (Brentwood, TN)
Morristown West High School (Morristown, TN)
Carroll High School (Southlake, TX)
Central High School (San Angelo, TX)
Dulles High School (Sugar Land, TX)
Greenhill School (Addison, TX)
Harlingen HS South (Harlingen, TX)
Hebron High School (Carrollton, TX)
Hendrickson High School (Pflugerville, TX)
Jasper High School (Plano, TX)
La Vernia High School (La Vernia, TX)
Lamar High School (Houston, TX)
Lindale High School (Lindale, TX)
Memorial High School (Houston, TX)
Plano East Senior High School (Plano, TX)
Ronald Reagan High School (San Antonio, TX)
Spring Woods High School (Houston, TX)
St Agnes Academy (Houston, TX)
Strake Jesuit College Preparatory (Houston, TX)
Tascosa High School (Amarillo, TX)
Tuloso Midway High School (Corpus Christi, TX)
W B Ray High School (Corpus Christi, TX)
Westlake High School (Austin, TX)
Winston Churchill High School (San Antonio, TX)
Alta High School (Sandy, UT)
Rowland Hall (Salt Lake City, UT)
Salem Hills High School (Salem, UT)
Skyline High School (Salt Lake City, UT)
West High School SLC (Salt Lake City, UT)
The Potomac School (McLean, VA)
Gig Harbor High School (Gig Harbor, WA)
Appleton East High School (Appleton, WI)
Madison West High School (Madison, WI)
Cheyenne Central High School (Cheyenne, WY)
Green River High School (Green River, WY)
Rock Springs High School (Rock Springs, WY)
Worland High School (Worland, WY)
Mountain Brook High School (Mountain Brook, AL)
Bentonville West High School (Centerton, AR)
Conway High School (Conway, AR)
Little Rock Central High School (Little Rock, AR)
Russellville High School (Russellville, AR)
Arizona College Prep – Erie Campus (Chandler, AZ)
BASIS Ahwatukee (Phoenix, AZ)
BASIS Phoenix High School (Phoenix, AZ)
BASIS Scottsdale High School (Scottsdale, AZ)
Desert Ridge High School (Mesa, AZ)
McClintock High School (Tempe, AZ)
Mountain View High School (Mesa, AZ)
Scottsdale Preparatory Academy (Scottsdale, AZ)
Arroyo High School (El Monte, CA)
Bear Creek High School (Stockton, CA)
Bishop O’Dowd High School (Oakland, CA)
Buhach Colony High School (Atwater, CA)
Bullard High School (Fresno, CA)
Campbell Hall High School (Studio City, CA)
Canyon Crest Academy (San Diego, CA)
Carter High School (Rialto, CA)
Crescenta Valley High School (La Crescenta, CA)
Fairmont Preparatory Academy (Anaheim, CA)
Granada Hills Charter High School (Granada Hills, CA)
Gunn Sr High School (Palo Alto, CA)
James Enochs High School (Modesto, CA)
La Costa Canyon High School (Carlsbad, CA)
Los Osos High School (Rancho Cucamonga, CA)
Lynbrook High School (San Jose, CA)
Maranatha High School (Pasadena, CA)
Millennium Charter (Tracy, CA)
Milpitas High School (Milpitas, CA)
Mira Loma High School (Sacramento, CA)
Modesto High School (Modesto, CA)
Mountain View High School (Santa Cruz, CA)
New Design Charter School-University Park (Los Angeles, CA)
Notre Dame High School (Sherman Oaks, CA)
Notre Dame San Jose (San Jose, CA)
Redlands High School (Redlands, CA)
Riverside STEM Academy (Riverside, CA)
San Ramon Valley High School (Danville, CA)
Sanger High School (Sanger, CA)
Saratoga High School (Saratoga, CA)
Sonoma Academy (Santa Rosa, CA)
The Cambridge School (San Diego, CA)
The Nueva School (San Mateo, CA)
The Quarry Lane School (Dublin, CA)
Torrey Pines High School (San Diego, CA)
West High School (Torrance, CA)
Woodcreek High School (Roseville, CA)
Air Academy High School (USAFA, CO)
Alexander Dawson School (Lafayette, CO)
Canon City High School (Canon City, CO)
Centennial High School (Pueblo, CO)
Cheyenne Mountain High School (Colorado Springs, CO)
Discovery Canyon Campus School (Colorado Springs, CO)
Eagle Valley High School (Gypsum, CO)
Fort Collins High School (Fort Collins, CO)
Golden High School (Golden, CO)
Grandview High School (Aurora, CO)
Greeley Central High School (Greeley, CO)
Lewis Palmer High School (Monument, CO)
Littleton High School (Littleton, CO)
Loveland High School (Loveland, CO)
Mountain Vista High School (Highlands Ranch, CO)
Mullen High School (Denver, CO)
Palmer High School (Colorado Springs, CO)
Pine Creek High School (Colorado Springs, CO)
Regis Jesuit High School (Aurora, CO)
Resurrection Christian School (Loveland, CO)
Rock Canyon High School (Highlands Ranch, CO)
Rocky Mountain High School (Ft Collins, CO)
Strive Prep – Smart Academy (Denver, CO)
Valor Christian High School (Highlands Ranch, CO)
Widefield High School (Colorado Springs, CO)
Woodrow Wilson High School (Washington DC)
American Heritage High School Boca Delray Campus (Delray Beach, FL)
Belen Jesuit Prep School (Miami, FL)
Bishop Moore Catholic High School (Orlando, FL)
Braddock High School (Miami, FL)
C. Leon King High School (Tampa, FL)
Cooper City High School (Cooper City, FL)
Ft Lauderdale High School (Ft Lauderdale, FL)
McArthur High School (Hollywood, FL)
Miami Beach Sr High School (Miami Beach, FL)
Miramar High School (Miramar, FL)
Newsome High School (Lithia, FL)
North Broward Preparatory School (Coconut Creek, FL)
Olympia High School (Orlando, FL)
Oxbridge Academy Of The Palm Beaches (West Palm Beach, FL)
Palm Beach Central High School (Wellington, FL)
Pine View School (Osprey, FL)
Pompano Beach High School (Pompano Beach, FL)
South Plantation High School (Plantation, FL)
St Thomas Aquinas High School (Ft Lauderdale, FL)
Stoneman Douglas High School (Parkland, FL)
West Orange High School (Winter Garden, FL)
Carrollton High School (Carrollton, GA)
Cherokee High School (Canton, GA)
Dunwoody High School (Dunwoody, GA)
Henry W Grady High School (Atlanta, GA)
Lambert High School (Suwanee, GA)
Sequoyah High School (Canton, GA)
Valdosta High School (Valdosta, GA)
Woodward Academy (College Park, GA)
Kamehameha Schools (Honolulu, HI)
Punahou School (Honolulu, HI)
Bettendorf High School (Bettendorf, IA)
CAM High School (Anita, IA)
Des Moines Roosevelt High School (Des Moines, IA)
Dowling Catholic High School (West Des Moines, IA)
Iowa City West High School (Iowa City, IA)
John F Kennedy High School (Cedar Rapids, IA)
Johnston High School (Johnston, IA)
Okoboji Community School (Milford, IA)
Boise High School (Boise, ID)
Bonneville High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
Borah High School (Boise, ID)
Canyon Ridge High School (Twin Falls, ID)
Century High School (Pocatello, ID)
Coeur d’Alene High School (Coeur D’Alene, ID)
Columbia High School (Nampa, ID)
Meridian High School (Meridian, ID)
Mountain Home High School (Mountain Home, ID)
Mountain View High School (Meridian, ID)
Pocatello High School (Pocatello, ID)
Renaissance High School (Meridian, ID)
Rocky Mountain High School (Meridian, ID)
Thunder Ridge High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
Timberline High School (Boise, ID)
Wood River High School (Hailey, ID)
Dwight D. Eisenhower High School (Blue Island, IL)
Glenwood High School (Chatham, IL)
Huntley High School (Huntley, IL)
Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy (Aurora, IL)
Maine East High School (Park Ridge, IL)
Oak Park & River Forest High School (Oak Park, IL)
Pekin Comm High School (Pekin, IL)
Prospect High School (Mt Prospect, IL)
Waterloo High School (Waterloo, IL)
Wheaton Warrenville South High School (Wheaton, IL)
York Community High School (Elmhurst, IL)
Ben Davis High School (Indianapolis, IN)
Bishop Dwenger High School (Ft Wayne, IN)
Brebeuf Jesuit Preparatory School (Indianapolis, IN)
Canterbury High School (Ft Wayne, IN)
Carmel High School (Carmel, IN)
Cathedral High School (Indianapolis, IN)
Concord High School (Elkhart, IN)
Hamilton Southeastern High School (Fishers, IN)
Penn High School (Mishawaka, IN)
Plymouth High School (Plymouth, IN)
Valparaiso High School (Valparaiso, IN)
West Lafayette High School (West Lafayette, IN)
Westfield High School (Westfield, IN)
Abilene High School (Abilene, KS)
Bishop Carroll Catholic High School (Wichita, KS)
Blue Valley Southwest High School (Overland Park, KS)
Buhler High School (Buhler, KS)
Chanute High School (Chanute, KS)
El Dorado High School (El Dorado, KS)
Great Bend High School (Great Bend, KS)
Halstead High School (Halstead, KS)
Junction City High School (Junction City, KS)
Louisburg High School (Louisburg, KS)
Lyons High School (Lyons, KS)
Maize High School (Maize, KS)
Maize South High School (Wichita, KS)
McPherson High School (McPherson, KS)
Mill Valley High School (Shawnee, KS)
Mulvane High School (Mulvane, KS)
Olathe West High School (Olathe, KS)
Parsons High School (Parsons, KS)
Pratt High School (Pratt, KS)
Seaman High School (Topeka, KS)
Shawnee Mission Northwest High School (Shawnee, KS)
Shawnee Mission West High School (Shawnee Mission, KS)
Silver Lake High School (Silver Lake, KS)
Southeast High School (Wichita, KS)
St James Academy (Lenexa, KS)
Topeka West High School (Topeka, KS)
Valley Center High School (Valley Center, KS)
Bowling Green High School (Bowling Green, KY)
Danville High School (Danville, KY)
duPont Manual High School/Youth Performing Arts School (Louisville, KY)
Larry A Ryle High School (Union, KY)
LaRue County High School (Hodgenville, KY)
Murray High School (Murray, KY)
Paul Laurence Dunbar High School (Lexington, KY)
Randall K Cooper High School (Union, KY)
Rowan County Sr High School (Morehead, KY)
Baton Rouge High School (Baton Rouge, LA)
Holy Cross School (New Orleans, LA)
Isidore Newman School (New Orleans, LA)
John Paul The Great Academy (Lafayette, LA)
St Thomas More High School (Lafayette, LA)
Teurlings Catholic High School (Lafayette, LA)
Catholic Memorial School (West Roxbury, MA)
Baltimore City College (Baltimore, MD)
Loyola Blakefield (Baltimore, MD)
Montgomery Blair High School (Silver Spring, MD)
Richard Montgomery High School (Rockville, MD)
Bangor High School (Bangor, ME)
Cape Elizabeth High School (Cape Elizabeth, ME)
Falmouth High School (Westbrook, ME)
Portage Central High School (Portage, MI)
Saline High School (Saline, MI)
Anoka High School (Anoka, MN)
Benilde-St Margaret’s School (St Louis Park, MN)
Bloomington Jefferson High School (Bloomington, MN)
Brainerd High School (Baxter, MN)
Cottage Grove Park High School (Cottage Grove, MN)
Cotter High School (Winona, MN)
Dilworth Glyndon Felton High School (Glyndon, MN)
Farmington High School (Farmington, MN)
Forest Lake Sr High School (Forest Lake, MN)
Lakeville South High School (Lakeville, MN)
Maple Grove Senior High School (Maple Grove, MN)
Marshall High School (Marshall, MN)
Minnetonka High School (Minnetonka, MN)
Orono High School (Long Lake, MN)
Pequot Lakes High School (Pequot Lakes, MN)
Robbinsdale Armstrong High School (Plymouth, MN)
Roseville Area High School (Roseville, MN)
Shakopee High School (Shakopee, MN)
St Cloud Tech High School (Saint Cloud, MN)
Staples Motley High School (Staples, MN)
Westonka High School (Minnetrista, MN)
Woodbury High School (Woodbury, MN)
Carthage High School (Carthage, MO)
Cassville High School (Cassville, MO)
Columbia-Hickman High School (Columbia, MO)
Fort Osage High School (Independence, MO)
Francis Howell North High School (St Charles, MO)
Gloria Deo Academy (Springfield, MO)
Greenwood Laboratory School (Springfield, MO)
Lebanon High School (Lebanon, MO)
Lee’s Summit High School (Lee’s Summit, MO)
Marshfield High School (Marshfield, MO)
Monett High School (Monett, MO)
Parkview High School (Springfield, MO)
Parkway South High School (Manchester, MO)
Pattonville High School (Maryland Heights, MO)
Platte County High School (Platte City, MO)
Rock Bridge High School (Columbia, MO)
Staley High School (Kansas City, MO)
Summit Christian Academy (Lee’s Summit, MO)
The Barstow School (Kansas City, MO)
Webb City High School (Webb City, MO)
West Plains High School (West Plains, MO)
Madison Central High School (Madison, MS)
Murrah High School (Jackson, MS)
Oxford High School (Oxford, MS)
Pascagoula High School (Pascagoula, MS)
Petal High School (Petal, MS)
St Andrew’s Episcopal School (Ridgeland, MS)
Starkville High School (Starkville, MS)
Belgrade High School (Belgrade, MT)
Billings West High School (Billings, MT)
Butte High School (Butte, MT)
Capital High School (Helena, MT)
Columbia Falls High School (Columbia Falls, MT)
Corvallis High School (Corvallis, MT)
Great Falls High School (Great Falls, MT)
Hellgate High School (Missoula, MT)
Laurel High School (Laurel, MT)
Sentinel High School (Missoula, MT)
Skyview High School (Billings, MT)
Apex Friendship High School (Apex, NC)
Bishop McGuinness High School (Kernersville, NC)
Cary High School (Cary, NC)
Charlotte Latin School (Charlotte, NC)
Cumberland International Early College High School (Fayetteville, NC)
Cumberland Polytechnic High School (Fayetteville, NC)
East Chapel Hill High School (Chapel Hill, NC)
North Mecklenburg High School (Huntersville, NC)
Northwest Guilford High School (Greensboro, NC)
William G Enloe High School (Raleigh, NC)
Enderlin High School (Enderlin, ND)
Fargo Davies High School (Fargo, ND)
Fargo North High School (Fargo, ND)
Fargo Shanley High School (Fargo, ND)
Fargo South High School (Fargo, ND)
Richardton-Taylor High School (Richardton, ND)
West Fargo High School (West Fargo, ND)
West Fargo Sheyenne High School (West Fargo, ND)
Bellevue West High School (Bellevue, NE)
Burwell Jr-Sr High School (Burwell, NE)
Cozad High School (Cozad, NE)
Gothenburg High School (Gothenburg, NE)
Hastings Senior High School (Hastings, NE)
Lincoln High School (Lincoln, NE)
Lincoln North Star High School (Lincoln, NE)
Marian High School (Omaha, NE)
Millard South High School (Omaha, NE)
Norris Public Schools (Firth, NE)
Pius X High School (Lincoln, NE)
VJ & Angela Skutt Catholic High School (Omaha, NE)
Hunterdon Central Regional High School (Flemington, NJ)
Livingston High School (Livingston, NJ)
Ridgewood High School (Ridgewood, NJ)
Albuquerque Academy (Albuquerque, NM)
Cottonwood Classical Preparatory School (Albuquerque, NM)
East Mountain High School (Sandia Park, NM)
La Cueva High School (Albuquerque, NM)
Los Alamos High School (Los Alamos, NM)
Carson High School (Carson City, NV)
Coral Academy Of Science Las Vegas (Henderson, NV)
Ed W. Clark High School (Las Vegas, NV)
Foothill High School (Henderson, NV)
Rancho High School (Las Vegas, NV)
The Davidson Academy Of Nevada (Reno, NV)
The Meadows School (Las Vegas, NV)
Byram Hills High School (Armonk, NY)
Edgemont Junior-Senior High School (Scarsdale, NY)
Half Hollow Hills HS East (Dix Hills, NY)
Harrison High School (Harrison, NY)
Poly Prep Country Day School (Brooklyn, NY)
Stuyvesant High School (New York City, NY)
Xaverian High School (Brooklyn, NY)
Austintown Fitch High School (Youngstown, OH)
Beavercreek High School (Beavercreek, OH)
Brecksville Broadview Hts High School (Broadview Heights, OH)
Canton McKinley High School (Canton, OH)
Cardinal Mooney High School (Youngstown, OH)
Copley High School (Copley, OH)
Dublin Jerome High School (Dublin, OH)
Edison High School (Milan, OH)
Gahanna Lincoln High School (Gahanna, OH)
GlenOak High School (Canton, OH)
Howland High School (Warren, OH)
Kenston High School (Chagrin Falls, OH)
Laurel School (Shaker Heights, OH)
Louisville Senior High School (Louisville, OH)
Medina Senior High School (Medina, OH)
Niles McKinley High School (Niles, OH)
Notre Dame Academy (Toledo, OH)
Poland Seminary High School (Poland, OH)
Revere High School (Richfield, OH)
Saint Ignatius High School (Cleveland, OH)
South Range High School (Canfield, OH)
Sylvania Southview High School (Sylvania, OH)
Ursuline High School (Youngstown, OH)
Wadsworth City Schools (Wadsworth, OH)
Whitmer High School (Toledo, OH)
Ardmore High School (Ardmore, OK)
Bishop Kelley High School (Tulsa, OK)
Bishop McGuinness High School (Oklahoma City, OK)
Broken Arrow High School (Broken Arrow, OK)
Edmond North High School (Edmond, OK)
Edmond Santa Fe High School (Edmond, OK)
Haskell High School (Haskell, OK)
Moore High School (Moore, OK)
Norman High School (Norman, OK)
Riverfield Country Day School (Tulsa, OK)
Will Rogers High School (Tulsa, OK)
Clackamas High School (Clackamas, OR)
Cleveland High School (Portland, OR)
Hood River Valley High School (Hood River, OR)
Lake Oswego High School (Lake Oswego, OR)
Marshfield High School (Coos Bay, OR)
McMinnville High School (McMinnville, OR)
Sam Barlow High School (Gresham, OR)
South Albany High School (Albany, OR)
Summit High School (Bend, OR)
Woodrow Wilson High School (Portland, OR)
Danville Area High School (Danville, PA)
Holy Ghost Prep (Bensalem, PA)
La Salle College High School (Wyndmoor, PA)
McDowell High School (Erie, PA)
North Catholic High School (Cranberry Township, PA)
Pennsbury High School (Fallsington, PA)
Pittsburgh Central Catholic High School (Pittsburgh, PA)
Southern Lehigh High School (Center Valley, PA)
West Allegheny High School (Imperial, PA)
William Tennent High School (Warminster, PA)
Bob Jones Academy (Mauldin, SC)
Brandon Valley High School (Brandon, SD)
Douglas High School (Box Elder, SD)
Mitchell High School (Mitchell, SD)
Spearfish High School (Spearfish, SD)
Stevens High School (Rapid City, SD)
Sturgis Brown High School (Sturgis, SD)
Battle Ground Academy (Franklin, TN)
Dobyns Bennett High School (Kingsport, TN)
Ravenwood High School (Brentwood, TN)
Soddy Daisy High School (Soddy Daisy, TN)
Alief Elsik High School (Houston, TX)
Alief Taylor High School (Houston, TX)
All Saints Episcopal School (Tyler, TX)
Amarillo High School (Amarillo, TX)
Banquete High School (Banquete, TX)
Big Spring High School (Big Spring, TX)
Borger High School (Borger, TX)
Bridgeland High School (Cypress, TX)
Burges High School (El Paso, TX)
Centennial High School (Frisco, TX)
Chaparral Star Academy (Austin, TX)
Claudia Taylor Johnson High School (San Antonio, TX)
Clear Creek High School (League City, TX)
Clear Falls High School (League City, TX)
Clear Lake High School (Houston, TX)
Clear Springs High School (League City, TX)
Colleyville Heritage High School (Colleyville, TX)
Cypress Creek High School (Houston, TX)
Del Valle High School (El Paso, TX)
Dripping Springs High School (Dripping Springs, TX)
Friendswood High School (Friendswood, TX)
Garland High School (Garland, TX)
Grand Oaks High School (Spring, TX)
Gregory Portland High School (Portland, TX)
Hallsville High School (Hallsville, TX)
Harlingen High School (Harlingen, TX)
Heights High School (Houston, TX)
Holy Trinity Catholic High School (Temple, TX)
IH Kempner High School (Sugar Land, TX)
J Frank Dobie High School (Pasadena, TX)
Jack C Hays High School (Buda, TX)
James Bowie High School (Austin, TX)
James E Taylor High School (Katy, TX)
Keller High School (Keller, TX)
Kerr High School (Houston,TX)
Kingwood High School (Kingwood, TX)
Klein High School (Klein, TX)
Lake Travis High School (Austin, TX)
Liberal Arts and Science Academy (Austin, TX)
Louis D Brandeis High School (San Antonio, TX)
LV Hightower High School (Missouri City, TX)
McNeil High School (Austin, TX)
Melissa High School (Melissa, TX)
Northland Christian School (Houston, TX)
Plano Sr High School (Plano, TX)
Princeton High School (Princeton, TX)
Prosper High School (Prosper, TX)
Richardson High School (Richardson, TX)
Robert E Lee High School (Midland, TX)
Round Rock High School (Round Rock, TX)
Seminole High School (Seminole, TX)
Shepton High School (Plano, TX)
St John’s School (Houston, TX)
St. Thomas High School (Houston, TX)
The Hockaday School (Dallas, TX)
The Kinkaid School (Houston, TX)
THEO Christian (Plano, TX)
Westbury Senior High School (Houston, TX)
Wylie Sr High School (Wylie, TX)
Beaver High School (Beaver, UT)
Bingham High School (South Jordan, UT)
Clearfield High School (Clearfield, UT)
Copper Hills High School (West Jordan, UT)
Cyprus High School (Magna, UT)
Davis High School (Kaysville, UT)
Hunter High School (West Valley City, UT)
Layton High School (Layton, UT)
Logan High School (Logan, UT)
Lone Peak High School (Highland, UT)
Northridge High School (Layton, UT)
Park City High School (Park City, UT)
Providence Hall High School (Herriman, UT)
Ridgeline High School (Millville, UT)
Sky View High School (Smithfield, UT)
Stansbury High School (Stansbury Park, UT)
Summit Academy High School (Bluffdale, UT)
Woods Cross High School (Woods Cross, UT)
Broad Run High School (Ashburn, VA)
Cosby High School (Midlothian, VA)
Fluvanna County High School (Palmyra, VA)
James River High School (Midlothian, VA)
John Handley High School (Winchester, VA)
Rock Ridge High School (Ashburn, VA)
Summit Christian Academy (Yorktown, VA)
Chiawana High School (Pasco, WA)
Glacier Peak High School (Snohomish, WA)
Kamiak High School (Mukilteo, WA)
King’s High School (Shoreline, WA)
Mount Si High School (Snoqualmie, WA)
Mount Vernon High School (Mount Vernon, WA)
Newport High School (Bellevue, WA)
Seattle Academy Of Arts & Science (Seattle, WA)
Tahoma High School (Maple Valley, WA)
The Bear Creek School (Redmond, WA)
The Overlake School (Redmond, WA)
Thomas Jefferson High School (Auburn, WA)
University High School (Spokane Valley, WA)
Brookfield East High School (Brookfield, WI)
Franklin High School (Franklin, WI)
James Madison Memorial High School (Madison, WI)
Marquette University High School (Milwaukee, WI)
Muskego High School (Muskego, WI)
Port Washington High School (Port Washington, WI)
Ronald Reagan College Prep High School (Milwaukee, WI)
Sheboygan South High School (Sheboygan, WI)
West Bend East High School (West Bend, WI)
West Bend West High School (West Bend, WI)
Wrightstown High School (Wrightstown, WI)
Wheeling Park High School (Wheeling, WV)
Cheyenne South High School (Cheyenne, WY)
Greybull High School (Greybull, WY)
Jackson Hole High School (Jackson, WY)
Natrona County High School (Casper, WY)
Thunder Basin High School (Gillette WY)
Marianas High School (Saipan)
Taipei American School (Taipei)
National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2019-2020 Speaking and Service Award Winners
Students earn this award when they reach the maximum number of Honor Society service points in a given school year.
DES MOINES – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the winners of the 2019-2020 Speaking and Service Award, which recognizes students who have reached the maximum number of service points in the student Honor Society. From more than 140,000 members, fewer than 60 students received this recognition.
The National Speech & Debate Association’s Honor Society recognizes students for participation in speech and debate activities. Students earn distinction through speech and debate competition, as well as community service, public speaking, and leadership activities. Example service activities include judging a speech or debate round or coaching a practice for younger competitors.
“These students have demonstrated their strong commitment to using their speech and debate skills to help their peers, community, and this activity,” said National Speech & Debate Association Director J. Scott Wunn. “The Speaking and Service Award not only represents hours of work on behalf of others, but is evidence of these students’ culture of service. We proud of their achievements!”
The 2019-2020 Speaking and Service Award Winners:
Jackson Karl (Conway High School, AR)
Tustin McDougall (Sheridan High School, AR)
Autumn Gould (Perry High School, AZ)
Elisa Kim (Valencia High School, CA)
Citlaly Quiroz (Fort Morgan High School, CO)
Leslie De La Cruz (Colegio Bilingue New Horizons, Dominican Republic)
Alfredo Granados (Colegio Bilingue New Horizons, Dominican Republic)
Allana Spears (Colegio Bilingue New Horizons, Dominican Republic)
Vincent Scuteri (Pine View School, FL)
Anna Bernstein (Wellington Community High School, FL)
Emily Plagman (CAM High School, IA)
Patrick Heath (Great Bend High School, KS)
Nicholas Becker (Chanhassen High School, MN)
Drew Arends (Marshall High School, MO)
Hailey Arndt (Marshall High School, MO)
Josey Bartlett (Marshall High School, MO)
Adilynn Bolling (Marshall High School, MO)
KK Elfrink (Marshall High School, MO)
Josue Flores (Marshall High School, MO)
Aidyn Garrison (Marshall High School, MO)
Connor Grossenburg (Marshall High School, MO)
Michael Hechavarria (Marshall High School, MO)
Lily Hunter (Marshall High School, MO)
Hope James (Marshall High School, MO)
Olivia Kiso (Marshall High School, MO)
Aareyanna Larimore (Marshall High School, MO)
Elizabeth McDonald (Marshall High School, MO)
Jenna MIkle (Marshall High School, MO)
Matthew Robbins (Marshall High School, MO)
Jacqueline Rodriguez (Marshall High School, MO)
Rayleigh Setter (Marshall High School, MO)
Gelaila Smith (Marshall High School, MO)
Marissa Snell (Marshall High School, MO)
Adison Stocksdale (Marshall High School, MO)
Gunner Ussery (Marshall High School, MO)
Marissa Vestal (Marshall High School, MO)
Mateo Portelli (Bishop Gorman High School, NV)
Michael Bellia (Chaminade High School, NY)
Paul Caruso (Chaminade High School, NY)
James Cullen (Chaminade High School, NY)
Brett Dobert (Chaminade High School, NY)
Michael Santos (Chaminade High School, NY)
Hannah Ihrig (Wadsworth City Schools, OH)
Gus Glasheen (Cleveland High School, OR)
Elijah Kruger (Cleveland High School, OR)
Dev Kartan (North Allegheny High School, PA)
Shria Shyam (North Allegheny High School, PA)
Jose Solis (Caney Creek High School, TX)
Sean Patel (Plano Sr High School, TX)
Chad Cagle (THEO Christian, TX)
Catie Saum (THEO Christian, TX)
Isaiah Garcia (Victoria East High School, TX)
Laurie Lamas (Victoria East High School, TX)
Madeline Galian (West High School SLC, UT)
Bharath Dileepkumar (Thomas Jefferson HS Science & Tech, VA)
Jay Siva (Thomas Jefferson HS Science & Tech, VA)
National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2019-2020 Leading Chapter Awards
This is the highest recognition a speech and debate charter school can earn.
DES MOINES – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to award one chapter from each competition district with this year’s Leading Chapter Awards. Only approximately 3% of schools are recognized as Leading Chapter Award winners.
“This award, which is based on student participation, represents a tremendous dedication to speech and debate education,” said Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “Our Leading Chapter schools understand the importance of speech and debate, and the life changing benefits of the activity. We are proud to recognize these hard-working schools with this coveted honor.”
Each year the top chapter in accumulated members and degrees, not more than one per district, receives the Leading Chapter Award; then its accumulated total returns to zero and it begins a new record. Each school must wait at least five years before being eligible for the award again.
Leading Chapter schools are recognized based on student participation throughout the school year. Schools earning the Leading Chapter Award must have previously achieved Charter School Status in the National Speech & Debate Association. These speech and debate programs serve as an inspiration for new speech and debate teams around the United States.
“Speech and debate advances communication skills, develops interpersonal skills, improves reading, writing, speaking, and critical thinking, and prepares students for college, careers, and beyond,” said Wunn. “Nowhere is this more evident than our Leading Chapter schools.”
The 2019-20 Leading Chapter Award winners:
Brophy College Prep – Arizona
Springdale High School – Arkansas
Turlock High School – Big Valley (CA)
Archbishop Mitty High School – Calif. Coast (CA)
Jesuit High School – Capitol Valley (CA)
North Mecklenburg High School – Carolina West (NC)
Monett High School – Carver-Truman (MO)
St Paul Academy & Summit School – Central Minnesota
James Madison High School – Central Texas
Calvert Hall College High School – Chesapeake (MD)
Cherokee Trail High School – Colorado
Pine Creek High School – Colorado Grande
Saint James School – Deep South (AL)
Muscatine High School – East Iowa
Lawrence High School – East Kansas
Gabrielino High School – East Los Angeles (CA)
Mannford High School – East Oklahoma
Dulles High School – East Texas
Parkway West High School – Eastern Missouri
Highland High School – Eastern Ohio
Ft Lauderdale High School – Florida Manatee
Dreyfoos School of the Arts – Florida Oceanfront
Trinity Preparatory School – Florida Panther
Pine View School – Florida Sunshine
Sequoyah High School – Georgia Northern Mountain
Marist School – Georgia Southern Peach
Northwest Career And Technical Academy – Golden Desert (NV)
Park City High School – Great Salt Lake (UT)
Glenwood High School – Greater Illinois
Harlingen HS South – Gulf Coast (TX)
Iolani School – Hawaii
Independence Chrisman High School – Heart Of America (MO)
Westwood High School – Heart Of Texas
Cheyenne East High School – Hole In The Wall (WY)
Hamilton Southeastern High School – Hoosier Crossroads (IN)
Mater Dei High School – Hoosier Heartland (IN)
Edgemont Junior-Senior High School – Hudson Valley (NY)
Mountain Home High School – Idaho Gem of the Mountain
Hillcrest High School – Idaho Mountain River
Downers Grove North High School – Illini (IL)
University High School – Inland Empire (WA)
Montpelier High School – Iroquois (NY)
Silver Lake High School – Kansas Flint-Hills
duPont Manual High School/Youth Performing Arts School – Kentucky
Prosper High School – LBJ (TX)
Plano West Sr High School – Lone Star (TX)
St Martin’s Episcopal School – Louisiana
Laurel Christian School – Magnolia (MS)
Lincoln Academy – Maine
Saline High School – Michigan
Charles M. Russell High School – Montana East
Sentinel High School – Montana West
Millard North High School – Nebraska
Lincoln High School – Nebraska South
Newton South High School – New England (MA & NH)
Ridge High School – New Jersey
Los Alamos High School – New Mexico
Syosset High School – New York City
Solon High School – North Coast (OH)
Enderlin High School – North Dakota Roughrider
Westview High School – North Oregon
Flower Mound High School – North Texas Longhorns
Plymouth High School – Northeast Indiana
Elk Grove High School – Northern Illinois
Moorhead High School – Northern Lights (MN)
Columbiana High School – Northern Ohio
Mitchell High School – Northern South Dakota
Sheboygan South High School – Northern Wisconsin
La Porte High School – Northwest Indiana
Glendale High School – Ozark (MO)
The Kiski School – Pennsylvania
North Allegheny High School – Pittsburgh (PA)
Interlake High School – Puget Sound (WA)
Alexander Dawson School – Rocky Mountain-North (CO)
George Washington High School – Rocky Mountain-South (CO)
Roosevelt High School – Rushmore (SD)
Reno High School – Sagebrush (NV)
Lowell High School – San Fran Bay (CA)
Raytown High School – Show Me (MO)
Stockdale High School – Sierra (CA)
Greenville Senior Academy – South Carolina
Miami Beach Sr High School – South Florida
Caney Valley High School – South Kansas
North Valley High School – South Oregon
Lamar High School – South Texas
Carter High School – Southern California
Chaska High School – Southern Minnesota
Brookfield Central High School – Southern Wisconsin
Barbers Hill High School – Space City (TX)
Beaver High School – Sundance (UT)
Andover High School – Sunflower (KS)
Tascosa High School – Tall Cotton (TX)
South View High School – Tarheel East (NC)
Dobyns Bennett High School – Tennessee
Olathe North High School – Three Trails (KS)
All Saints Episcopal School – UIL (TX)
Weber High School – Utah-Wasatch
Danville Area High School – Valley Forge (PA)
Thomas Jefferson HS Science & Tech – Virginia
Okoboji Community School – West Iowa
Garden City High School – West Kansas
Notre Dame High School – West Los Angeles (CA)
Okarche High School – West Oklahoma
Del Valle High School – West Texas
Beavercreek High School – Western Ohio
Montrose High School – Western Slope (CO)
Gig Harbor High School – Western Washington
Natrona County High School – Wind River (WY)
Holy Trinity Catholic High School – Yellow Rose (TX)
National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2019-2020 All American Award Winners
The All American Award is given to the top 25 students with the most points in the Honor Society.
DES MOINES – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the 2019-2020 All American Award winners. From more than 120,000 student members of the NSDA Honor Society, these 25 students earned the most points. Points in the Honor Society are earned through a combination of competition and service. In order to win the All American Award, students must also have competed at the National Speech & Debate Tournament at least once.
“To place among the very best students in the Association is a tribute to talent, hard work, and dedication,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association.
Congratulations to the 2019-2020 All American Award Winners, listed in order of points earned:
Daniel Timor (Valley International Prep, CA)
Alec Boulton (Valley International Prep, CA)
Joseph Decilos (Harlingen High School South, TX)
Jackson Loze (Valley International Prep, CA)
Sienna Horvath (Valley International Prep, CA)
Joseph Benn Thornton (Riverton High School, WY)
Rashon Leday (Comeaux High School, LA)
Abigail Spencer (Coronado High School, NV)
Jackson Paluck (Valley International Prep, CA)
Juliette Reyes (American Heritage School – Plantation, FL)
Gabe Grodan (Valley International Prep, CA)
Santiago Vasquez (Salina South High School, KS)
Ethan Siegel (Valley International Prep, CA)
Daniel Kyle (Nova 42 Academy, CA)
Jack Neel (Bethlehem High School, KY)
Jacob Foster (Comeaux High School, LA)
Grace Kessler (Washburn Rural High School, KS)
Tristan Wertanzl (Cypress Bay High School, FL)
Jocelyn Marks (Des Moines Roosevelt High School, IA)
Savannah Bonilla (Salina South High School, KS)
Vada Janak (Tuloso Midway High School, TX)
Kasey Moulton (Columbia High School, ID)
Thomas Chung (Scottsdale Preparatory Academy, AZ)
Chloe Chaffin (Olathe Northwest High School, KS)
Tiana Marion (Salina South High School, KS)
2020 Nov/Dec PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 November/December Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should adopt a declaratory nuclear policy of no first use.
2020 Nov/Dec LD Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 November/December Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The United States ought to provide a federal jobs guarantee.
2020-2021 BQ Topic Announced
The 2020-2021 Big Questions topic is, Resolved: Mathematics was discovered, not invented.
2020 Sept/Oct PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 September/October Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States federal government should enact the Medicare-For-All Act of 2019.
2020 Sept/Oct LD Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 September/October Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: In a democracy, voting ought to be compulsory.
The National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2020 Middle School Speech Challenge Showcase Finalists
DES MOINES, IA – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce the showcase finalists in the 2020 National Speech & Debate Middle School Speech Challenge.
“The messages shared by the 2020 National Tournament champions were brilliant, passionate, and necessary for all to hear,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “During a pandemic, these students adapted to virtual competition to make sure their voices were heard and their words matter. We’re extremely proud of them and look forward to more great achievements in the future.”
The 2020 NSDA Middle School Speech Challenge Showcase Finalists:
Congressional Debate Authorship Challenge
Olutobi Adeyeri from T. H. Rogers, TX
Adrian Baek from Valley Prep of Redlands, CA
Alisha Hassanali from Alfred B. Nobel Charter Middle, CA
Arik Karim from Bak Middle School of the Arts, FL
Katelyn Ma from Oak Avenue Intermediate, CA
Sarah Abi Saab from Albright Middle School, TX
Isaiah Sohn from Moore Middle School, CA
Elizabeth Vassantachart from Ernest Lawrence MS, CA
Maddie White from Almaden Country Day School, CA
Shirley Wu from Oak Avenue Intermediate, CA
Declamation
Abdiel Ramirez from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Catherine Ma from Pike School, MA
Ellie Lau from Taylor Middle School, CA
Irene Sheen from Parks Junior High, CA
Nathan Parera from Parks Junior High, CA
Ruby Perez from Nicolas Junior High, CA
Tiffany Ruvalcaba from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Ashritha Chiguluri from Kiewit Middle School, NE
Cameron Combs from Hindman Elementary School, KY
Hikari Dao from Nicolas Junior High, CA
Kennedy Hack-Juman from American Heritage Plantation MS, FL
Samara Oregon from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Sydney Doak from Woodland Middle School, TN
Aashna Dialani from Parks Junior High, CA
Adrianna Rodriguez from Vela Middle School, TX
Ashley Andrade from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Aidan Armena from Marvin Baker Middle School, TX
Ayur Vallecha from Pike School, MA
Cat-Tam Huynh from Valley Prep of Redlands, CA
Evan Guyer from Flintridge Preparatory School, CA
George Gutierrez from Vela Middle School, TX
Isabel Kim from Flintridge Preparatory School, CA
Kathryn Porter from Woodland Middle School, TN
Maeve Watercutter from Centerville Middle School, OH
Noemi Maciel from Beechwood Middle School, CA
Robert Grigsby from Hindman Elementary School, KY
Informative Speaking
Julia Perju from Kiewit Middle School, NE
Kevin Hurr from Parks Junior High, CA
Olivia Carter from Emerson Community Charter School, CA
Anna Chen from Oak Avenue Intermediate, CA
Brandon Chang from Walter Reed Middle, CA
Hayden Watkins from Rowan County Middle School, KY
Jade Capella from American Heritage Plantation MS, FL
Andy Pan from High Point Academy, CA
Aedan Benavides from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Original Oratory
Forrest Zeng from Westpark Elementary School, CA
Grace Tinajero from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Kelia Lopez from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Michelle Fan from First Avenue Middle School, CA
Nana Kyei from Revere Middle School, OH
Omar Hamoda from Milton Academy Middle, MA
Adam Stone from Charlotte Latin School, NC
Alex Lee from Walter Reed Middle, CA
Dongni Cao from Renmin University MS, China
Yahan Lin from Canyon Hills Junior High, CA
Daisy Guzman from Sierra Preparatory Academy, CA
Prepared Mixed Extemporaneous Speaking
Devan Tatlow from Alice Deal, DC
Elizabeth Forster from The Potomac School, VA
Khanh Dang from Albright Middle School, TX
Lakshya Chaudhry from Vancouver Debate Academy, BC
Sawyer Noe from Hindman Elementary School, KY
Abigail Redfearn from Valley City Junior High School, ND
Prepared Prompt Speaking
Pavitra Kasthuri from The Harker Middle School, CA
Jessica Yang from El Rancho Charter, CA
Mia Moore from Blue Ridge Academy, CA
Emily Wang from Dr. Augustine Ramirez Intermediate, CA
Helen Fang from Golden Elementary School, CA
Amanda Liu from Kraemer Middle School, CA
Pro Con Challenge
Ezekiel Ehrenberg from Delbarton Middle School, NJ
Grace Wu from Vancouver Debate Academy, BC
Kyle Davis from Jackson Creek Middle School, IN
Natalie Stachowiak from Greenhill Middle School, TX
Parker Bettinson from Eastmont Middle School, UT
Dhriti Gupta from T.H. Rogers, TX
Program Oral Interpretation
Ellie Sohn from Flintridge Preparatory School, CA
Kiahra Simmons from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Owen Grossman from New West Charter Middle School, CA
Anna Feng from Mariners Christian School, CA
Ashley Lee from Heritage Oak, CA
Hannah Valdivia from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Isai Alamilla from Advanced Learning Academy, CA
Kayla Kim from Oak Hill Middle School, MA
Sadie Jensen from Vela Middle School, TX
Suri Reyn from Parks Junior High, CA
Kelsey Stuback from Emerson Community Charter School, CA
Sammy Venezuela-Perez from Parks Junior High, CA
Soraya Darvish from Milton Academy Middle, MA
Amanda Hsieh from Emerson Community Charter School, CA
Costa Gomez-Bueno from Ladera Vista Junior High, CA
The National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2020 National High School Champions
DES MOINES, IA – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce the 2020 National Speech & Debate Tournament champions. Following a week of intense competition between 6,659 students from 1,420 schools, 29 high school students were declared winners at the online National Tournament.
Find the full list of champions here.
At the 2020 National Tournament, students debated tough topics like, “The intergenerational accumulation of wealth is antithetical to democracy,” and answered hard questions like, “What will the world look like if a COVID-19 vaccine cannot be deployed in 2021?” and “What will happen to the Bernie Sanders movement in 2021 and beyond?” Other championship performances focused on critical issues like racism, dress codes, homophobic stereotypes, and more.
Actor Josh Gad, known for roles in Frozen, The Book of Mormon, and Beauty and the Beast, was also presented with the 2020 Alumni Lifetime Achievement Award.
“The reason that I am who I am, the reason I have done the things that I’ve done is so very much because of speech and debate,” said Gad, a three time National Champion. “All of those moments from high school remain to me as prized and as memorable and as wonderful as performing in Frozen, Beauty and the Beast, or The Book of Mormon. These things are each milestones in a career that was paved on the road of speech and debate.”
2020 Student of the Year Finalists Announced
The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the six finalists for the William Woods Tate, Jr. National Student of the Year Award.
Shipla Gunuganti – Saint Mary’s Hall, TX
Benjamin Haug – Brentwood High School, MO
Alexandra Kallaher – Northwest Career and Technical Academy, NV
Leila Khan – Scottsdale Preparatory Academy, NZ
Jaylon Muchison – Belleville West High School, IL
Mariah William – Aberdeen Central High School, SD
Every year the award recognizes one student from nearly 200,000 student members of the National Speech & Debate Association who best embodies the values of the Code of Honor: integrity, humility, respect, leadership, and service. Nominees must also demonstrate strong academic credentials and a commitment to the speech and debate community.
The six finalists will interview with an esteemed panel of educators during the National Speech & Debate Tournament in June. The 2020 National Student of the Year will be announced during the one of the National Tournament Awards Assemblies on Thursday, June 18, streamed live online at live.speechanddebate.org.
Below, a quote about the impact of speech and debate is included from each finalist.
“Speech and debate pushes me to reevaluate the world, to consider what it means to be a global citizen and to form a just society. I gained the skills to advocate for the disenfranchised in my own community.” – Shilpa Gunuganti
“Through speech and debate, I have not only been able to see the inequalities that plague our society, but also the importance of each message I hear. Never stop speaking, performing, and debating; your voice matters.“ – Benjamin Haug
“Speech and debate teaches the power of meaningful discourse; it changes and shapes our ideas of what can be achieved when we are kind and passionate.” – Alexandra Kallaher
“Speech and debate has given me a platform where I could grapple with large-scale issues, articulate my opinions, and advocate for solutions. I seek to amplify others’ voices, just like this activity did with mine.“ – Leila Khan
“Speech and debate taught me courage, generosity, and an understanding that diversity makes us strong. Our voices are what connect us, and this activity allows me to spread that message.” – Jaylon Muchison
“Speech and debate showed me a world outside of my own. It opened my eyes to the voiceless within my community. Most importantly, speech and debate gave me the courage and skill to use my voice and advocate for positive change one word at a time.” – Mariah William
2020 Online National Tournament Topics Announced
The topics and topic areas for the 2020 online National Speech & Debate Tournament, including the online Senior Open and online Middle School Speech Challenge, have been announced. Click here to learn more!
For additional information about the online tournament, please click here.
2020 Apr PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 April Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should remove nearly all of its military presence in the Arab States of the Persian Gulf.
2020 Mar PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 March Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should increase its use of nuclear energy for commercial energy production.
2020 Mar/Apr LD Topic Announced
The 2020 March/April Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: Predictive policing is unjust.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces Finalists for 2020 Educator of the Year
DES MOINES, IA (January 21, 2020) – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is thrilled to announce the finalists for the 2020 NSDA National Educator of the Year award.
This award was created to honor an individual who has enhanced the quality of education in the field of speech and debate. From more than 5,000 member coaches and teachers, the following educators were named as finalists for the national award.
Christy Briggs – Reno High School, NV
Shawna Christenson – The Weiss School, FL
Elizabeth Eskin – Timber Creek High School, FL
Renea Moss – Miramar High School, FL
Gary Peters – Ben Davis High School, IN
“These educators go above and beyond to provide speech and debate education to their students,” said NSDA Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “Through their dedication and passion for this activity, they have changed the lives of thousands of young people. I’m honored to recognize them for their outstanding service.”
The finalists were nominated for the NSDA National Educator of the Year award by fellow educators, administrators, school board members, and parents across the country. The NSDA selection committee will determine the National Educator of the Year recipient, who will be announced leading up to National Speech and Debate Education Day on March 4.
For more information about the award, visit www.speechanddebate.org/coach-recognition.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE REFORM – Resolved: The United States federal government should enact substantial criminal justice reform in the United States in one or more of the following: forensic science, policing, sentencing.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 February Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should replace means-tested welfare programs with a universal basic income.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2020 January Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should end its economic sanctions against Venezuela.
The 2020 January/February Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: States ought to eliminate their nuclear arsenals.
These high schools are ranked among the top speech and debate members.
DES MOINES, IOWA (October 11, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce Club Awards for more than 800 schools. Club awards are awarded to schools who meet a certain threshold of strength points.
Schools are listed in alphabetical order by state.
Valley International Prep (Van Nuys, CA)
BC Academy (Langley, British Columbia)
Palo Alto High School (Palo Alto, CA)
St Paul Academy & Summit School (St Paul, MN)
Saint Mary’s Hall (San Antonio, TX)
Fairview High School (Boulder, CO)
Tulsa Washington High School (Tulsa, OK)
Colegio Bilingue New Horizons (Santo Domingo)
Auburn High School (Auburn, AL)
Prattville High School (Prattville, AL)
BASIS Independent Silicon Valley (San Jose, CA)
Clovis North High School (Fresno, CA)
Davis Senior High School (Davis, CA)
Edison Computech High School (Fresno, CA)
Flintridge Preparatory School La Canada (Flintridge, CA)
Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy La Canada (Flintridge, CA)
North Hollywood High School (North Hollywood, CA)
Northwood High School (Irvine, CA)
Oak Park High School (Oak Park, CA)
Oakwood School – North Hollywood (North Hollywood, CA)
Saint Francis High School (Mountain View, CA)
Schurr High School (Montebello, CA)
Yucaipa High School (Yucaipa, CA)
Bear Creek High School (Lakewood, CO)
Castle View High School (Castle Rock, CO)
Lakewood High School (Lakewood, CO)
Pueblo West High School (Pueblo, CO)
Summit High School (Frisco, CO)
Boca Raton Community High School (Boca Raton, FL)
NSU University School (Ft Lauderdale, FL)
Muscatine High School (Muscatine, IA)
Idaho Falls High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
Kimberly High School (Kimberly, ID)
Skyline High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
Elk Grove High School (Elk Grove Village, IL)
Schaumburg High School (Schaumburg, IL)
Southland College Prep Charter High School (Richton Park, IL)
Bethany Christian High School (Goshen, IN)
Noblesville High School (Noblesville, IN)
Andover Central High School (Andover, KS)
Field Kindley Memorial High School (Coffeyville, KS)
Hayden High School (Topeka, KS)
Kapaun Mount Carmel High School (Wichita, KS)
Salina High Central (Salina, KS)
Shawnee Heights High School (Tecumseh, KS)
Shawnee Mission North High School (Shawnee Mission, KS)
Spring Hill High School (Spring Hill, KS)
Baltimore City College High School (Baltimore, MD)
Lincoln Academy (Newcastle, ME)
Andover High School (Andover, MN)
Westonka High School (Mound, MN)
Brentwood High School (Brentwood, MO)
Lebanon High School (Lebanon, MO)
Ozark High School (Ozark, MO)
Helena High School (Helena, MT)
Stevensville High School (Stevensville, MT)
Crete High School (Crete, NE)
David City High School (David City, NE)
Freehold Township High School (Freehold, NJ)
Phillipsburg High School (Phillipsburg, NJ)
Desert Oasis High School (Las Vegas, NV)
McQueen High School (Reno, NV)
Spring Creek High School (Spring Creek, NV)
Berkeley Carroll School (Brooklyn, NY)
McQuaid Jesuit High School (Rochester, NY)
Columbiana High School (Columbiana, OH)
Gahanna-Lincoln High School (Gahanna, OH)
Vermilion High School (Vermilion, OH)
Guymon High School (Guymon, OK)
Metro Christian Academy (Tulsa, OK)
Owasso High School (Owasso, OK)
Union High School (Tulsa, OK)
Pennsbury High School (Fairless Hills, PA)
Hillcrest High School (Simpsonville, SC)
Alief Early College High School (Houston, TX)
Cy-Fair High School (Cypress, TX)
Cypress Woods High School (Cypress, TX)
Hereford High School (Hereford, TX)
J Frank Dobie High School (Houston, TX)
Jersey Village High School (Houston, TX)
John Paul II High School (Plano, TX)
Kerr High School (Houston, TX)
Lyndon Baines Johnson High School (Austin, TX)
McKinney North High School (McKinney, TX)
South Grand Prairie High School (Grand Prairie, TX)
The Woodlands High School (The Woodlands, TX)
Veterans Memorial High School (Corpus Christi, TX)
Morgan High School (Morgan, UT)
Salt Lake City West High School (Salt Lake City, UT)
Tooele High School (Tooele, UT)
Woodgrove High School (Purcellville, VA)
Waupaca High School (Waupaca, WI)
Thunder Basin High School (Gillette, WY)
DES MOINES, IOWA (October 11, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the Top 100 Schools for the 2018-2019 school year. Each year, the 100 chapters with the largest number of new degrees in the National Forensic League Honor Society receive the Top 100 Schools designation.
In addition to the Top 100 Schools designation, student degrees contribute to a school’s strength. For each degree a student receives, they also earn one strength point. A school’s strength is the sum of each student’s strength plus the strength of up to three coaches.
DES MOINES, IOWA (October 9, 2019) — The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to award one chapter from each competition district with this year’s Leading Chapter Awards. Only approximately 3% of schools are recognized as Leading Chapter Award winners.
“This award, which is based on participation, represents a tremendous dedication to speech and debate education,” said Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “Our Leading Chapter schools understand the importance of speech and debate, and the life changing benefits of the activity. We are proud to recognize these hard-working schools with this coveted honor.”
The 2018-2019 Leading Chapter Award winners:
Salpointe Catholic High School (Tucson, AZ)
University High School (Fresno, CA)
Rangeview High School (Aurora, CO)
Pueblo County High School (Pueblo, CO)
Peak To Peak Charter School (Lafayette, CO)
Niceville High School (Niceville, FL)
Michael Krop High School (Miami, FL)
The Lovett School (Atlanta, GA)
Kahuku High & Intermediate School (Kahuku, HI)
West High School (Iowa City, IA)
Adlai Stevenson High School (Lincolnshire, IL)
Maranacook Community School (Readfield, ME)
Benilde-St Margaret’s School (St. Louis Park, MN)
Seventy-First High School (Fayetteville, NC)
Hancock Central School (Hancock, NY)
Loyola School (New York, NY)
Middletown High School (Middletown, OH)
Charles Page High School (Sand Springs, OK)
Grants Pass High School (Grants Pass, OR)
Berlin Brothersvalley High School (Berlin, PA)
Southside High School (Greenville, SC)
Huron High School (Huron, SD)
St Cecilia Academy (Nashville, TN)
Lubbock High School (Lubbock, TX)
Whitehouse High School (Whitehouse, TX)
Round Rock Christian Academy (Round Rock, TX)
Cottonwood High School (Salt Lake City, UT)
Rufus King High School (Milwaukee, WI)
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 November/December Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The benefits of the United States federal government’s use of offensive cyber operations outweigh the harms.
The 2019 November/December Lincoln-Douglas topic is, The United States ought to eliminate subsidies for fossil fuels.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces All American Award Winners
DES MOINES, IA (September 3, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the 2018-2019 All American Award winners. From almost 200,000 student members of the NSDA Honor Society, these 25 students earned the most points.
Points in the Honor Society are earned through a combination of competition and service. In order to win the All American Award, students must also have competed at the National Speech & Debate Tournament at least once.
Daniel Timor (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
John Duncan (Harlingen High School South, Harlingen, TX)
Alec Boulton (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
Hunter Brown (Spring Woods High School, Houston, TX)
Alison Cohen (Chandler Preparatory Academy, Chandler, AZ)
Sienna Horvath (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
Rene Otero (Hendrickson High School, Pflugerville, TX)
Tylor Whitcher (Kickapoo High School, Springfield, MO)
Sahaj Singh (Carroll High School, Southlake, TX)
Ethan Gambriel (Willard High School, Willard, MO)
Conal Thomas-McGinnis (West Des Moines Valley High School, West Des Moines, IA)
Kadie Thomas (Kickapoo High School, Springfield, MO)
Ishan Bhatt (St. Andrew’s Episcopal School, Ridgeland, MS)
Rebekah Sweyko (Fort Scott High School, Fort Scott, KS)
Ashlyn Ellgass (Lindale High School, Lindale, TX)
Oliver Hancock (Madison High School, Rexburg, ID)
Jackson Paluck (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
Malia Morgan (Central High School, Springfield, MO)
Kathryn Deck (Kickapoo High School, Springfield, MO)
Ethan Siegel (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
Rashon Leday (Comeaux High School, Lafayette, LA)
Jackson Loze (Valley International Prep, Van Nuys, CA)
Jimin Park (Washburn Rural High School, Topeka, KS)
Jason Scheller (Eagan High School, Eagan, MN)
Jack Xiao (Claremont High School, Claremont, CA)
Twelve High School Students Selected for USA International Debate Team
Students from eight different states will represent the United States in international competition throughout the year.
DES MOINES, IA (August 27, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the 12 new members of the USA International Debate Team. The USA Debate Team competes against other countries throughout the year, culminating in the World Schools Debating Championships in July.
Anh Cao – Bentonville High School, AR
Liana Schmitter-Emerson – Campbell Hall High School, CA
Rohit Jhawar – Kennedy High School, CA
James Hu – Mira Loma High School, CA
Arham Habib – Monte Vista High School, CA
Miles Wang – A. W. Dreyfoos School of the Arts, FL
Jack Johnson – The Blake School, MN
Abbey Xu – St. Paul’s School, NH
Roopa Irakam – Watchung Hills Regional High School, NJ
Cassandra Berlin – Hawken School, OH
Elyse Dewbre – Northland Christian School, TX
Genevieve Cox – W.B. Ray High School, TX
“Our USA Debate Team showcases the best and brightest high school students in our country who represent our honorary at the highest level,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “The 2019-2020 team features some absolutely phenomenal speech and debate competitors. I’m certain they’ll continue the incredible achievements of this team.”
For the past three years, the United States team has finished in the top 6 at the International Championship tournament. The 2019 Tournament featured 64 countries, and Team USA took home fifth place with three individual speaker awards.
The USA Debate Team kicks off the season with training at the Greenhill School in Dallas, TX, and then heads to Stuttgart, Germany for their first international competition in November. Keep up with their success by following the National Speech & Debate Association (@speechanddebate) on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram.
The 2019-2020 Big Questions topic is, Resolved: Objective morality exists.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 September/October Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The European Union should join the Belt and Road Initiative.
The 2019 September/October Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: In the United States, colleges and universities ought not consider standardized tests in undergraduate admissions decisions.
23 Middle School Students Crowned 2019 National Speech & Debate Association Champions
July 9, 2019 – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce this year’s National Speech and Debate champions. Following a week of exceptional competition at the National Speech & Debate Tournament in Dallas, TX, 23 middle school students across 8 states have been crowned 2019 Champions. With nearly 10,000 students, coaches, educators, and parents from across the country attending the tournament each year, the National Speech & Debate Tournament is the largest academic competition in the world.
“Our national champions are the future leaders of our country,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “These students not only have extraordinary talent, but they are passionate, smart, dedicated, and hard working. We’re extremely proud of their accomplishments and look forward to all of the great things they will do in the future.”
Jared Padalecki from the hit TV shows Supernatural and Gilmore Girls attended the tournament as a special guest and final round judge in High School Duo Interpretation. Padalecki is a 1998 National Speech and Debate Association Duo Interpretation champion who remembers the impact that speech and debate had in priming him for his acting career.
“It’s an honor to be a part of the National Speech and Debate Tournament. I was on a similar stage 21 years ago, which I believe was probably before any of our finalists were born,” said Jared Padalecki. “I know how important speech and debate is. Speech and debate helps prepare you for the world, the artistic aspect of speech and the objective aspect of the debate, hopefully, helps to build a well-rounded person. My experiences as a member of the National Speech & Debate Association helped me develop the confidence and skills I needed to build the career I have today.”
The 2019 NSDA Middle School Speech & Debate National Champions:
PUBLIC FORUM DEBATE
Prajwal Saokar & Brian Yoo (Riverwatch Middle School, GA)
Coached by Mike Lacy.
LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATE
Benjamin Who (River Oaks Baptist School, TX)
Coached by Parin Kashyap, Arjun Tallipaker, Thomas Rivera, and Perry Beard.
Adrian Baek (Valley Preparatory School, CA)
Coached by Ricardo Velasquez.
POLICY DEBATE CO-CHAMPIONS
Aliza Chauthani & Alex Huang
Eleanor Barrett & Sahana Sudarsan
(Kealing Middle School, TX)
Coached by Yao Yao Chen.
WORLD SCHOOLS DEBATE
Eric Li, Aurora Zhang, Jonathan Chu, and Alice Xu (Canada)
EXTEMPORANEOUS DEBATE
Sophie Reeves (Alice Deal, Washington, D.C.)
Coached by Tim Stroud.
EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
Mckinley Paltzik (Phoenix Country Day School, AZ)
Coached by C. Ryan Joyce.
Katie Eckermen (Phoenix Country Day School, AZ)
DECLAMATION SPEAKING
Niamh Campbell (Phoenix Country Day School, AZ)
Clara Son (The Broadoaks School Of Whittier College, CA)
Coached by Robert Cannon.
PROSE READING
Wayne Southwell (Valley Middle School, MN)
Coached by Luke Ostrander, Daniel Hodges, Cade Shelton, Tzitel Voss, Tessa Dahlgren.
Ayur Vallecha (Pike School, MA)
Coached by Elisabeth F. Venetiou.
Will Bourell (Milton Academy Middle, MA)
Coached by Yoshi Makishima, Nick Govindan, Tom Troy, Emily DiDonna, Emily Arsenault, and Deborah Simon.
Natalie Porter (Woodland Middle School, TN)
Coached by Margaret Hall.
DUO INTERPRETATION
Miles Sabeeh & Devan Amin (Phoenix Country Day School, AZ)
31 High School Students Crowned 2019 National Speech & Debate Association Champions
July 9, 2019 – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce this year’s National Speech and Debate champions. Following a week of exceptional competition at the National Speech & Debate Tournament in Dallas, TX, 31 high students across 11 states have been crowned 2019 Champions, winning more than $100,000 in scholarships. With nearly 10,000 students, coaches, educators, and parents from across the country attending the tournament each year, the National Speech & Debate Tournament is the largest academic competition in the world.
Jared Padalecki from the hit TV shows Supernatural and Gilmore Girls attended the tournament as a special guest and final round judge in Duo Interpretation. Padalecki is a 1998 National Speech and Debate Association Duo Interpretation champion who remembers the impact that speech and debate had in priming him for his acting career.
“It’s an honor to be a part of the National Speech and Debate Tournament. I was on a similar stage 21 years ago, which I believe was probably before any of our finalists were born,” said Jared Padalecki. “I know how important high school speech and debate is. Speech and debate helps prepare you for the world, the artistic aspect of speech and the objective aspect of the debate, hopefully, helps to build a well-rounded person. My experiences as a member of the National Speech & Debate Association helped me develop the confidence and skills I needed to build the career I have today.”
Almost 200,000 students are members of the National Speech & Debate Association, and only 4% qualify to compete at the national tournament. The national champions make up less than 1% of all high school speech and debate competitors nationwide.
The 2019 NSDA High School Speech & Debate National Champions:
LANNY D. AND B. J. NAEGELIN DRAMATIC INTERPRETATION
Jacob Foster (Comeaux High School, Lafayette, LA)
Coached by Jacob Simon.
SANDRA SILVERS DUO INTERPRETATION
Kyle Ahern and Kevin Ahern (Dreyfoos School Of The Arts, West Palm Beach, FL)
Coached by Angela Anyzeski and Martha Warwick.
Conor Sherry (Archbishop Mitty High School, San Jose, CA)
Coached by Karen Cruz and BJ Cruz.
Jordyn Allen (American Heritage Plantation High School, Plantation, FL)
Coached by Ryan Hubbard, Joele Denis, and Spencer Orlowski.
A. C. ELEY INTERNATIONAL EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
Coached by Kirsten Nash and Aly Mithani.
JOE AND PAM WYCOFF ORIGINAL ORATORY
Haris Hosseini (The Harker School, San Jose, CA)
Coached by Scott Odekirk.
Ella Schnake (Raymore-Peculiar High School, Peculiar, MO)
Coached by Todd Schnake.
CARMENDALE FERNANDES UNITED STATES EXTEMPORANEOUS SPEAKING
Jacqueline Wei (Plano West Senior High School, Plano, TX)
Coached by Robey Holland and Kattie Leito.
BIG QUESTIONS DEBATE
John Henry Stearns (Tuloso Midway High School, Corpus Christi, TX)
Coached by Tasha Kneis and Linda Esquivel.
CONGRESSIONAL DEBATE (HOUSE)
Coached by Victoria Beard.
CONGRESSIONAL DEBATE (SENATE)
Rohit Jhawar (Kennedy High School, Sacramento, CA)
Coached by Quest Sandel.
Grace Johannes (Liberty Senior High School, Liberty, MO)
Coached by Tim Baldwin.
RICHARD B. SODIKOW POLICY DEBATE CO-CHAMPIONS
Jake Berry and Jimin Park
Raina Peter and Grace Kessler
(Washburn Rural High School, Topeka, KS)
Coached by Cynthia Burgett and Timothy Ellis.
Sandeep Shankar and Daniel Cigale (Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School, Sudbury, MA)
Coached by Tim Nikula.
UNITED STATES WORLD SCHOOLS DEBATE
Kayla Arenschield (Solon High School, Solon, OH)
Cassandra Berlin (Hawken School, Gates Mills, OH)
Kennedy Hughes (Vermilion High School, Vermilion, OH)
David Lyons (Hawken School, Gates Mills, OH)
Liberty Oliver (Vermilion High School, Vermilion, OH)
Coached by Devon Snook.
BROTHER RENÉ STERNER COMMENTARY
Akshatha Narasimhan (Coral Academy Of Science Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV)
Coached by Amanda Sloan.
Zoey Chacon (BASIS San Antonio Shavano, San Antonio, TX)
Coached by Alexander Decker.
EXPOSITORY SPEAKING
Mckenna Daly (George Washington High School, Denver, CO)
Coached by Maryrose Kohan and Devin Sarno.
Josh Moton (Comeaux High School, Lafayette, LA)
Jocelyn Marks (Theodore Roosevelt High School, Des Moines, IA)
Coached by Max Hardt.
Ingamnwie Acha (Liberty North High School, Liberty, MO)
Coached by Kim Lenger.
The National Speech & Debate Association Announces New Hall of Fame Members
Georgia S. Brady, Cynthia Burgett, Dr. Mike Edmonds, Steve Meadows, and Timothy E. Sheaff will be inducted into the Hall of Fame in June.
May 10, 2019 – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce this year’s inductees into the Hall of Fame.
Georgia S. Brady, a seven-diamond coach, has been actively coaching debate and forensics for 31 years. In 1996, Georgia was awarded the Distinguished Service Key Award. Other awards include Kansas City Suburban Conference Debate Coach of the Year (five times), Outstanding Speech Teacher in Missouri, the Horace Mann Outstanding Teacher Award, and Mock Trial Coach of the Year. She attended 26 National Tournaments, qualifying more than 80 students in every event including Congress. Georgia served as the local judge chair for the 1983 Nationals held in Kansas City and was a member of the steering committee for the 1994 Nationals. She worked in the Nationals tab room for several years. Although Georgia is now semi-retired, she still helps at the Show Me District’s district tournaments and judges at area competitions.
Cynthia Burgett, a six-diamond coach at Washburn Rural High School in Topeka, Kansas, has devoted her life to coaching speech activities for 32 years. As head debate coach, Cindy has qualified 42 Policy teams to the NSDA National Tournament. She has coached her squad to five School of Excellence awards, and has also coached eight state champion Policy teams. Kansas has already noted her coaching prowess by voting her twice as the Debate Coach of the Year, placing her in the DCI Hall of Fame and awarding her with a career service award. She has been a member of the Flint Hills NSDA District Committee for more than two decades, serving twice as district chair, and has worked in the NSDA National Tournament Policy Debate tab room for years.
Dr. Mike Edmonds has been highly involved in competitive forensics throughout this life. He is currently the Dean of Students and Vice President for Student Life at Colorado College and teaches Business Communication in the Economics and Business Department. Dean Edmonds has been the recipient of many honors and awards, including the Educator of the Year Award from the Urban League of the Pikes Peak Region; the inaugural Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Speech & Debate Association; the Men of Achievement award from Delta Sigma Theta; and the Citizen of the Year Award from Omega Psi Phi. For his work in speech and debate, he was inducted into the Gold Key Society at Emory University, earned the Delores Taylor Arthur award from the Holy Cross School in New Orleans, and received the Martin Luther King award from James Logan Forensics. He also chaired and sponsored the NSDA’s African American/Black Coaches’ Caucus.
Steve Meadows has become a speech and debate institution at Danville High School in Kentucky after 27 years of dedicated coaching. He is the only current five-diamond recipient from Kentucky, and has qualified students to Nationals nearly every year of his career, with six national finalists. In 2016, he earned the Ralph E. Carey Award for Distinguished Career Service. In 2018, he became the NSDA’s Kentucky Educator of the Year and was one of five finalists for the national award. He was also elected and served as Kentucky’s NSDA district chair for 20 years. Steve has been integrally involved in all of Kentucky’s major speech organizations and is the founder of SPEAK, the Speech Professional Education Alliance of Kentucky, which hosts a yearly professional development conference for speech and debate educators. He has hosted countless high school and middle school tournaments and has assisted fellow coaches whenever and wherever he is needed at tournaments throughout the state.
Timothy Sheaff’s coaching career is the embodiment of coaching excellence and service to the Association. Under his leadership, Dowling has enjoyed considerable success in most every event, including state championships, national championships, and championships at tournaments across the country during the invitational season. Where Tim’s voice truly shines is his contribution to the Association. As a member of the Board and on his District Committee, he is widely sought for his input. Tim’s work as the emcee at the National Tournament for final rounds and the awards assembly is just the most visual symbol of his contribution, but what he does behind the scenes in discussion with other coaches and in Board and committee meetings shapes the direction of the Association in countless ways. As a former Dowling competitor and a current speech/debate parent, he spends each day ensuring unique experiences this activity promises, for his own children, his students at Dowling Catholic, and for all of the students he has not met.
Induction into the NSDA’s Hall of Fame is the highest honor available to speech and debate coaches. With approximately 200 members, less than one percent of NSDA member coaches receive the honor of being part of the Hall of Fame.
All NSDA member coaches are given the opportunity to nominate individuals who either have at least 25 years worth of speech and debate coaching experience, or who have retired from speech and debate coaching. Current Hall of Fame members and other distinguished speech and debate coaches are then given the opportunity to vote five new candidates into the Hall of Fame each year. The 2019 members will be officially inducted into the Hall of Fame at the National Speech & Debate Tournament, from June 16-21 in Dallas, Texas.
The National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2019 Coaching and Administration Award Winners
The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce the winners for six coaching and school administration awards. National award winners are selected from a pool of district-level winners, submitted by local District Committees.
James M. Copeland High School Coach of the Year: Cara Borgsmiller – Parkway West High School, MO
High School Assistant Coach of the Year: Michael Tristano, Jr. – Phoenix Country Day School, AZ
High School New Coach of the Year: Tom McNulty – Pine Creek High School, CO
High School Administrator of the Year: Lawrence E. Wall, Jr. – Charlotte Latin School, NC
Middle School Awards
Middle School Coach of the Year: Alyssa Vaknin – Bak Middle School of the Arts, FL
Middle School Administrator of the Year: Brad Berrett – Computech Middle School, CA
“Recipients of our national awards not only demonstrate exemplary contributions to their profession, but continually provide high-quality opportunities for students in speech and debate programming,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “Their continued dedication for speech and debate makes a significant difference in the success of their students.”
For more information on the nomination process and qualifications for these awards, visit www.speechanddebate.org/coach-recognition/ or www.speechanddebate.org/school-recognition/.
2019 National Tournament Topics Announced
The topics and topic areas for the 2019 National Speech & Debate Tournament have been announced. Click here to learn more!
For additional information about the tournament, which will be held in Dallas, Texas, in June, please click here.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2019 Exemplary Student Service Award Winner
DES MOINES, IA (March 1, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is thrilled to announce the winner of the 2019 Exemplary Student Service Award, Madeline Gochee of Lincoln High School in Oregon!
Madeline uses her knowledge of the US Constitution and speech skills from debate during her service on a program called Mission: Citizen. There she has taught at the three-month long courses for 25-30 non-citizens to help them pass the Civics portion of the U.S. Citizenship Test. She’s also a member of Democracy Club, which works to register teens to vote and spread civic engagement in the community.
Madeline serves as the co-president of student government where she plans assemblies and works for equity issues. The most significant project student government has completed this year under Madeline’s leadership is a revamp of the anti-bullying curriculum. Her school has had one of the lowest numbers of incidents of bullying in the district because of the student-created and taught curriculum. This year they have focused on explaining how to identify and the impact of micro-aggressions, which are the largest form of bullying at her school. Madeline teaches strategies to prevent bullying under the Name it Claim it Tame it model.
Madeline also serves on the Teen Council of Planned Parenthood and teaches peers a comprehensive and inclusive sexual education program. Madeline teaches others about healthy relationship, consent, emotional and physical boundaries, and solutions to not having access to healthcare, transportation, or information necessary to make healthy decisions about sexual health. Madeline’s skills as a communicator have given her the opportunity to directly help her peers; and, she knows that studies corroborate the idea that students can learn better and more profoundly about sexual education when taught by their peers rather than an adult.
“The skills developed in speech and debate can be used in nearly every facet of life,” said National Speech and Debate Association Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “Students who take those skills and use them to give back to their communities truly embody the tenet of service that is described in the Code of Honor.”
Introduced in 2017, the Exemplary Student Service Award is given annually to a student who goes above and beyond to serve their school, community, city, region, or state using skills they honed through speech and debate. Service is one of the core tenets of the NSDA’s Code of Honor, which states, “A member exercises their talents to provide service to peers, community, and the activity. At all times, a member is prepared to work constructively to improve the lives of others.”
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 March Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United Nations should grant India permanent membership on the Security Council.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces Finalists for 2019 Exemplary Student Service Award
DES MOINES, IA (February 20, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is thrilled to announce the finalists for the 2019 NSDA National Educator of the Year award.
The finalists are:
Manu Onteeru (Thomas Jefferson High School Science & Tech, VA)
Madeline Gochee (Lincoln High School, OR)
Oliver Stern (Ransom Everglades School, FL)
Angela Zhong (Cypress Woods High School, TX)
Cooper Phillips (Keller High School, TX)
The winner of the 2019 Exemplary Student Service Award will be announced on National Speech and Debate Education Day—March 1, 2019.
Twenty Schools Earn Prestigious National Charter Status
DES MOINES, IA (February 20, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to recognize twenty new schools for earning charter membership in the organization!
Del Norte High School (San Diego, CA)
The Benjamin School (Palm Beach Gardens, FL)
Snake River High School (Blackfoot, ID)
Ridgevue High School (Nampa, ID)
Stone Ridge School Of The Sacred Heart (Bethesda, MD)
Muriel W Battle High School (Columbia, MO)
Three Forks High School (Three Forks, MT)
Archbishop Bergan Catholic School (Fremont, NE)
The Lawrenceville School (Lawrenceville, NJ)
Cold Spring Harbor High School (Cold Spring Harbor, NY)
N Houston Early College High School (Houston, TX)
Leander High School (Leander, TX)
Cypress Park High School (Cypress, TX)
Parkersburg South High School (Parkersburg, WV)
Over the past three years, these schools have earned more than 50 degrees for outstanding participation in speech and debate activities. Degrees are earned by students and coaches through speech and debate competition, community service, and leadership activities.
Charter membership is the highest honor that schools can achieve as a part of the National Speech & Association.
“Participation in speech and debate changes lives,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “We are extremely proud of our charter schools, coaches, and students for their hard work and dedication to this transformative activity.”
From building confidence, improving communication, and increasing critical thinking skills to better preparing students for college, speech and debate activities provide life skills vital to a young person’s success in the future. Schools that provide speech and debate programs report increased attendance, higher test scores, rise in college acceptance, and reduced dropout rates. Charter schools reflect a sustained commitment to these values.
National Speech & Debate Association Announces Finalists for 2019 National Educator of the Year
DES MOINES, IA (February 8, 2019) – The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is thrilled to announce the finalists for the 2019 NSDA National Educator of the Year award.
Margo Batha, Los Alamos High School, NM
Cara Borgsmiller, Parkway West High School, MO
Karson Kalashian, Orosi High School, CA
James Shapiro, Berkeley Carroll School, NY
Jamie Wills, Cherokee High School, GA
The finalists were nominated for the NSDA National Educator of the Year award by fellow educators, administrators, school board members, and parents across the country. The NSDA selection committee will determine the National Educator of the Year recipient, who will be announced on National Speech and Debate Education Day (March 1, 2019). Additionally, the winner will be invited to serve as a keynote speaker at the NSDA National Speech & Debate Conference in August.
For more information about the award, click here.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 March Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should promote the development of market rate housing in urban neighborhoods.
The 2019 March/April Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The illegal use of drugs ought to be treated as a matter of public health, not of criminal justice.
ARMS SALES – Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially reduce Direct Commercial Sales and/or Foreign Military Sales of arms from the United States.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 February Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should end its arms sales to Saudi Arabia.
DES MOINES, IOWA (December 12, 2018) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the Top 100 Schools for the 2017-2018 school year. Each year, the 100 chapters with the largest number of new degrees in the National Forensic League Honor Society receive the Top 100 Schools designation.
Top 100 Schools:
1. Leland High School (San Jose, CA)
2. Central High School (Springfield, MO)
3. Regis High School (New York, NY)
4. Liberty Sr High School (Liberty, MO)
5. Gabrielino High School (San Gabriel, CA)
6. Millard North High School (Omaha, NE)
7. Eagan High School (Eagan, MN)
8. Washburn Rural High School (Topeka, KS)
9. Glendale High School (Springfield, MO)
10. Westwood High School (Austin, TX)
11. Shawnee Mission East High School (Prairie Village, KS)
12. Eastview High School (Apple Valley, MN)
13. Cherry Creek High School (Greenwood Village, CO)
14. George Washington High School (Denver, CO)
15. Cypress Bay High School (Weston, FL)
16. The Bronx High School Of Science (Bronx, NY)
17. Nova High School (Davie, FL)
18. Kickapoo High School (Springfield, MO)
18. Ridge High School (Basking Ridge, NJ)
20. Dougherty Valley High School (San Ramon, CA)
21. Lee’s Summit West High School (Lee’s Summit, MO)
22. Notre Dame Marist Academy (Pontiac, MI)
23. North Allegheny Sr High School (Wexford, PA)
24. Alhambra High School (Alhambra, CA)
25. James Logan High School (Union City, CA)
26. Blue Springs High School (Blue Springs, MO)
27. Hillcrest High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
28. Olathe Northwest High School (Olathe, KS)
29. Liberty North High School (Liberty, MO)
30. William P Clements High School (Sugar Land, TX)
31. Edina High School (Edina, MN)
32. Blue Valley High School (Overland Park, KS)
33. Lexington High School (Lexington, MA)
34. Glenbrook North High School (Northbrook, IL)
35. Munster High School (Munster, IN)
35. West Broward High School (Pembroke Pines, FL)
37. Montville High School (Montville, NJ)
38. Aberdeen Central High School (Aberdeen, SD)
39. Cabot High School (Cabot, AR)
39. Syosset High School (Syosset, NY)
41. Bozeman High School (Bozeman, MTv
42. Neosho High School (Neosho, MO)
43. Cheyenne East High School (Cheyenne, WY)
44. Bellaire High School (Bellaire, TX)
44. Riverside High School (Greer, SC)
46. Downers Grove South High School (Downers Grove, IL)
47. Western High School (Davie, FL)
48. Blue Springs South High School (Blue Springs, MO)
49. Palo Verde High School (Las Vegas, NV)
50. Carlsbad High School (Carlsbad, CA)
51. Cary Academy (Cary, NC)
52. Lakeville North High School (Lakeville, MN)
53. Perry High School (Massillon, OH)
53. Chesterton High School (Chesterton, IN)
55. Westview High School (Portland, OR)
56. Newton South High School (Newton, MA)
57. Blue Valley West High School (Overland Park, KS)
58. Oak Ridge High School (Conroe, TX)
59. Lee’s Summit North High School (Lee’s Summit, MO)
60. Claremont High School (Claremont, CA)
61. Madison High School (Rexburg, ID)
61. Willard High School (Willard, MO)
63. Lawrence Free State High School (Lawrence, KS)
64. East Ridge High School (Woodbury, MN)
65. Sioux Falls Lincoln High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
65. Valley International Prep (Van Nuys, CA)
67. Chaminade High School (Mineola, NY)
67. O’Gorman High School (Sioux Falls, SD)
69. Archbishop Mitty High School (San Jose, CA)
70. Scarsdale High School (Scarsdale, NY)
70. Lincoln Southwest High School (Lincoln, NE)
72. Pittsburg High School (Pittsburg, KS)
73. Plano West Sr High School (Plano, TX)
74. The Pembroke Hill School (Kansas City, MO)
75. Hawken School (Gates Mills, OH)
76. Green River High School (Green River, WY)
76. Glacier High School (Kalispell, MT)
78. Blue Valley North High School (Overland Park, KS)
79. Lawrence High School (Lawrence, KS)
79. Solon High School (Solon, OH)
81. Interlake High School (Bellevue, WA)
82. Glenbrook South High School (Glenview, IL)
83. Green Valley High School (Henderson, NV)
84. Bonneville High School (Idaho Falls, ID)
85. Miramonte High School (Orinda, CA)
86. Monte Vista High School (Danville, CA)
86. Apple Valley High School (Apple Valley, MN)
88. Desert Vista High School (Phoenix, AZ)
89. Moorhead High School (Moorhead, MN)
90. Flower Mound High School (Flower Mound, TX)
90. Lincoln East High School (Lincoln, NE)
92. College Prep (Oakland, CA)
92. Bentonville High School (Bentonville, AR)
94. Ardrey Kell High School (Charlotte, NC)
95. Upper St Clair High School (Pittsburgh, PA)
96. Highland High School (Pocatello, ID)
97. Hendrickson High School (Pflugerville, TX)
98. Canfield High School (Canfield, OH)
99. Grapevine High School (Grapevine, TX)
100. Flathead High School (Kalispell, MT)
100. LC Anderson High School (Austin, TX)
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2019 January Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States federal government should prioritize reducing the federal debt over promoting economic growth.
The 2019 January/February Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The United States ought not provide military aid to authoritarian regimes.
DES MOINES, IOWA (November 20, 2018) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce Club Awards for nearly 800 schools. Club awards are awarded to schools who meet a certain threshold of strength points.
Notre Dame Marist Academy (Pontiac, MI)
North Allegheny Sr High School (Wexford, PA)
William P Clements High School (Sugar Land, TX)
Lake Highland Preparatory (Orlando, FL)
Lansing Sr High School (Lansing, KS)
Fullerton Joint Union High School (Fullerton, CA)
Wellington High School (Wellington, FL)
Albion Middle School (Sandy, UT)
South Anchorage High School (Anchorage, AK)
Lamp High School (Montgomery, AL)
The Altamont School High School (Birmingham, AL)
Saint James School (Montgomery, AL)
Mesquite High School (Gilbert, AZ)
BASIS Peoria High School (Peoria, AZ)
Catalina Foothills High School (Tucson, AZ)
Brentwood School (Los Angeles, CA)
Flintridge Sacred Heart Academy (La Canada Flintridge, CA)
Polytechnic School (Pasadena, CA)
Riverside STEM Academy (Corona, CA)
Notre Dame High School (San Jose, CA)
BC Academy (Langley, BC, CN)
Rocky Mountain High School (Ft. Collins, CO)
Palisade High School (Palisade, CO)
Alice Deal Middle School (Washington, D.C.)
New Horizons Bilingual School (Santo Domingo, DR)
Timber Creek High School (Orlando, FL)
Everglades High School (Miramar, FL)
Charles W. Flanagan High School (Pembroke Pines, FL)
Coral Springs High School (Coral Springs, FL)
King High School (Tampa, FL)
Martin County High School (Stuart, FL)
Starrs Mill High School (Fayetteville, GA)
Henry W. Grady High School (Atlanta, GA)
General Chapter (West Des Moines, IA)
Lincoln High School (Des Moines, IA)
Shelley High School (Shelley, ID)
Renaissance Magnet High School (Meridian, ID)
Elk Grove High School (Elk Grove, IL)
Prospect High School Mt (Prospect, IL)
William Fremd High School (Palatine, IL)
Niles North High School (Skokie, IL)
Wheeling High School (Wheeling, IL)
Huntley High School (Huntley , IL)
IL Math And Science Academy (Aurora, IL)
La Porte High School (La Porte, IN)
New Castle High School (New Castle, IN)
Richmond High School (Richmond, IN)
Campus High School (Wichita, KS)
DuPont Manual High School (Louisville, KY)
Larry A. Ryle High School (Union, KY)
Loyola-Blakefield High School (Towson, MD)
Falmouth High School (Falmouth, ME)
Chaska High School (Chaska , MN)
St. Michael Albertville High School (St. Michael, MN)
Benilde-St. Margaret’s School (St Louis Park, MN)
Blaine High School (Blaine, MN)
Duluth East High School (Duluth, MN)
Parkway Central High School (Chesterfield, MO)
Metro Academic & Classical High School (St. Louis, MO)
Francis Howell North High School (St. Charles, MO)
Belton High School (Belton, MO)
Savannah R3 High School (Savannah, MO)
Central High School (St. Joseph, MO)
Sacred Heart Catholic School (Hattiesburg, MS)
Laurel Christian School (Laurel, MS)
William G. Enloe High School (Raleigh, NC)
Timothy Christian School (Piscataway, NJ)
Coral Academy Of Science (Las Vegas, Henderson, NV)
Clark High School (Las Vegas, NV)
Spring Valley High School (Las Vegas, NV)
Douglas High School (Minden, NV)
Earl Wooster High School (Reno, NV)
The Dalton School (New York, NY)
Horace Mann High School (Bronx, NY)
Perrysburg High School (Perrysburg, OH)
Wauseon High School (Wauseon, OH)
Norton High School (Norton, OH)
Wadsworth City School (Wadsworth, OH)
Poland Seminary High School (Girard, OH)
Carrollton High School (Carrollton, OH)
Tuscarawas Valley High School (Zoarville, OH)
Choctaw Sr. High School (Choctaw, OK)
Cascia Hall Preparatory (Tulsa, OK)
Riverfield Country Day School (Tulsa , OK)
Gresham-Barlow High School (Gresham, OR)
Mercer Area High School (Mercer, PA)
Lennox High School (Lennox, SD)
Yankton High School (Yankton, SD)
Lead-Deadwood High School (Lead, SD)
Jefferson County High School (Dandridge, TN)
Clark High School (Plano, TX)
Independence High School (Frisco, TX)
McKinney High School (McKinney, TX)
Wylie Sr. High School (Wylie, TX)
Hockaday School (Dallas, TX)
North Lamar High School (Paris, TX)
Byron Nelson High School (Trophy Club, TX)
St. Agnes Academy (Houston, TX)
Westside High School (Houston, TX)
J. Frank Dobie High School (Houston, TX)
Cypress Falls High School (Houston, TX)
Montgomery High School (Montgomery, TX)
Klein Oak High School (Spring, TX)
Cypress Lakes High School (Katy, TX)
James E. Taylor High School (Katy, TX)
Ysleta High School (El Paso, TX)
Syracuse High School (Syracuse, UT)
Rowland Hall-St Mark (Salt Lake City, UT)
Tahoma Senior High School (Maple Valley, WA)
Brookfield Central High School (Brookfield, WI)
Marquette Univ High School (Milwaukee, WI)
Six Schools Earn Prestigious National Charter Status
This is the highest honor schools can achieve as a part of the National Speech & Debate Association.
DES MOINES, IOWA (October 25, 2018) – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to recognize six new schools for earning charter membership in the organization!
Calvert Hall College High School (Baltimore, MD)
Randall K. Cooper High School (Union, KY)
G. W. Carver Magnet High (Houston, TX)
This is the highest recognition a speech and debate charter school can earn.DES MOINES, IOWA (October 10, 2018) — The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to award one chapter from each competition district with this year’s Leading Chapter Awards. From more than 3,600 schools across the country, only approximately 3% of schools are recognized as Leading Chapter Award winners.
Lamp High School—AL
Fayetteville High School—AR
Mountain View High School—AZ
Delta Charter High School—CA
Leland High School—CA
Davis Senior High School—CA
Arroyo High School—CA
Head-Royce School—CA
Edison Computech High School—CA
Claremont High School—CA
Fullerton Joint Union High School—CA
Smoky Hill High School—CO
Mesa Ridge High School—CO
Fairview High School—CO
Denver East High School—CO
Fruita Monument High School—CO
Nova High School—FL
Martin County High School—FL
Buchholz High School—FL
Sarasota High School—FL
Braddock High School—FL
Pace Academy—GA
Woodward Academy—GA
Punahou School—HI
John F. Kennedy High School—IA
Dowling Catholic High School—IA
Timberline High School—ID
Blackfoot High School—ID
Belleville West High School—IL
Homewood-Flossmoor High School—IL
Glenbrook North High School—IL
Lawrence North High School—IN
Park Tudor School—IN
Chesterton High School—IN
Valparaiso High School—IN
Olathe Northwest High School—KS
Washburn Rural High School—KS
Pittsburg High School—KS
Campus High School—KS
Blue Valley High School—KS
Pratt High School—KS
Rowan County Sr. High School—KY
Riverdale High School—LA
Manchester Essex Regional High School—MA
Baltimore City College High School—MD
Bangor High School—ME
Holland High School—MI
Forest Lake Sr. High School—MN
Dilworth Glyndon Felton High School—MN
Wayzata High School—MN
Neosho High School—MO
Pattonville High School—MO
Marshall High School—MO
Hillcrest High School—MO
Warrensburg High School—MO
Hattiesburg High School—MS
Bozeman High School—MT
Ardrey Kell High School—NC
Cary Academy—NC
Red River High School—ND
Gothenburg High School—NE
Lincoln Southwest High School—NE
Hastings Senior High School—NE
Delbarton School—NJ
East Mountain High School—NM
Green Valley High School—NV
Galena High School—NV
Fordham Preparatory School—NY
The Mary Louis Academy—NY
Regis High School—NY
Perry High School—OH
University School—OH
Ursuline High School—OH
Mason High School—OH
Cascia Hall Preparatory—OK
Putnam City North High School—OK
Silverton High School—OR
Bandon High School—OR
Towanda Jr.-Sr. High School—PA
Greensburg Salem High School—PA
Shady Side Academy—PA
Gwynedd Mercy Academy—PA
Hillcrest High School—SC
Milbank High School—SD
Sioux Falls Lincoln High School—SD
Morristown West High School—TN
Saint Mary’s Hall High School—TX
Oak Ridge High School—TX
Gregory Portland High School—TX
L. C. Anderson High School—TX
Centennial High School—TX
Northwest High School—TX
Jasper High School—TX
Mayde Creek High School—TX
Alief Elsik High School—TX
Central High School—TX
Athens High School—TX
Austin High School—TX
East Chambers High School—TX
Cyprus High School—UT
Hillcrest High School—UT
Woods Cross High School—UT
Lake Braddock Secondary High School—VA
Gonzaga Prep High School—WA
Kamiak High School—WA
Thomas Jefferson High School—WA
Milwaukee High School Of The Arts—WI
Evanston High School—WY
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 November/December Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States federal government should impose price controls on the pharmaceutical industry.
The 2018 November/December Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: In a democracy, the public’s right to know ought to be valued above the right to privacy of candidates for public office.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 September/October Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should accede to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea without reservations.
The 2018 September/October Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: In the United States, reporters ought to have the right to protect the identity of confidential sources.
2018 NSDA Board of Directors Election Results
Des Moines, IA – After a nationwide vote, the National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to announce the following individuals will serve four-year terms on the National Board of Directors beginning August 1, 2018: Adam J. Jacobi (WI), Renee C. Motter (CO), Byron R. Arthur (LA), and David Huston (TX). Congratulations to these outstanding leaders!
To view the official voting results, click here.
For additional information about the tournament, which will be held in Fort Lauderdale, in June, please click here.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 April Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States federal government should increase its quota of H-1B visas.
A total of 214 schools and 924 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 59% of the school vote and 46% of the student vote.
National Speech and Debate Education Day is Friday, March 2
DES MOINES, IA – National Speech and Debate Education Day is Friday, March 2 (as designated by U.S. Senate Resolution 415). Students and coaches across the country will be promoting and celebrating speech and debate. With recent events in the United States, there has never been a better time to recognize the importance of speech and debate in the classroom. From building confident advocates, improving communication, and increasing critical thinking skills to better preparing students for college and beyond, speech and debate activities provide life skills vital to a young person’s success.
Download the complete press release to learn more!
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 March Public Forum topic is, Resolved: On balance, the current Authorization for Use of Military Force gives too much power to the president.
A total of 283 schools and 1,251 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 62% of the school vote and 49% of the student vote.
The 2018 March/April Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The United States ought to provide a universal basic income.
IMMIGRATION – Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially reduce its restrictions on legal immigration to the United States.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 February Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should abolish the capital gains tax.
A total of 85 schools and and 436 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 67% of the school vote and 68% of the student vote.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2018 January Public Forum topic is, Resolved: Spain should grant Catalonia its independence.
The 2018 January/February Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: Plea bargaining ought to be abolished in the United States criminal justice system.
2016-2017 Leading Chapter Awards Announced
The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to congratulate the 2016-2017 Leading Chapter Award winners. This is the highest recognition a speech and debate chapter can achieve in the National Speech & Debate Honor Society.
For the complete list of winners, download the press release (updated 11/17/17).
2017 Dec PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 December Public Forum topic is, Resolved: NCAA student athletes ought to be recognized as employees under the Fair Labor Standards Act.
2017 Nov PF Topic Announced
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 November Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should require universal background checks for all gun sales and transfers of ownership.
The 2017 November/December Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: Wealthy nations have an obligation to provide development assistance to other nations.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 September/October Public Forum topic is, Resolved: Deployment of anti-missile systems is in South Korea’s best interest.
The 2017 September/October Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: In the United States, national service ought to be compulsory.
Announcing the 2017-2019 District Committees
The National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to announce the results of the District Committee elections for 2017-2019.
Click here to view the new committees, effective August 1, 2017. Committee members are listed alphabetically after the district chair. As a reminder, district leaders will serve two-year terms starting with the 2017-2018 school year. Elected individuals will be contacted to affirm their interest in the role.
Congratulations to our newly elected leaders!
National Speech & Debate Association Announces 2017 Hall of Fame Inductees
The National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to announce its newest inductees into the Hall of Fame, the highest honor for any high school speech and debate coach:
Dr. Paulette (Polly) Reikowski, Minnesota
James W. (Jay) Rye, III, Alabama
Julie Sheinman, New York
Jimmy L. Smith, Texas
Jacquelyn (Jacci) Young, Missouri
Each year, nominations are sought from member coaches. In the month of April, current Hall of Fame members and coaches with at least three diamonds vote to determine which nominees will be elected members of this most distinguished body.
The five inductees will be celebrated during the 2017 Hall of Fame Banquet in Birmingham, Alabama, and will be formally inducted at 7:00 p.m. CT on Thursday, June 22, during the Donus D. Roberts Diamond Assembly presented by Colorado College in the Birmingham-Jefferson Convention Complex (BJCC) Concert Hall.
The Association is proud to honor coaches and teachers who are powering the voice of our future. To view our complete list of Hall of Fame honorees, past and present, click here.
All topics and topic areas for the 2017 National Speech & Debate Tournament have been announced. Click here to learn more!
For additional information about the tournament, which will be held in Birmingham, Alabama, in June, please click here.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 April Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States ought to replace the Electoral College with a direct national popular vote.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 March Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should no longer pressure Israel to work toward a two-state solution.
The 2017 March/April Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The United States ought to guarantee the right to housing.
Say It Media Develops App to Improve Speech and Debate Fitness
The National Speech & Debate Association (NSDA) is proud to announce a new partnership with Say it Media and their app, LikeSo: Your Personal Speech Coach. Teachers, coaches, and students can use LikeSo as an educational tool inside and outside the classroom. The app is designed to motivate, track, and measure improvement in speaking skills. LikeSo offers an engaging and effective way to train against verbal habits and practice speaking articulately, confidently, and without all of those “likes” and “sos.” LikeSo is available in the App Store for 99 cents for iOS devices.
Download the complete press release to learn more about the app.
After a nationwide vote, the NFHS has announced that the 2017-2018 Policy Debate topic will be:
EDUCATION REFORM – Resolved: The United States federal government should substantially increase its funding and/or regulation of elementary and/or secondary education in the United States.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 February Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should lift its embargo against Cuba.
A total of 99 schools and 328 students voted for the resolution. The winning resolution received 75% of the school vote and 81% of the student vote.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2017 January Public Forum topic is, Resolved: In order to better respond to international conflicts, the United States should significantly increase its military spending.
The 2017 January/February Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: Public colleges and universities in the United States ought not restrict any constitutionally protected speech.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2016 December Public Forum topic is, Resolved: The United States should end Plan Colombia.
Based on a nationwide vote, the 2016 November Public Forum topic is, Resolved: On balance, the benefits of the Internet of Things outweigh the harms of decreased personal privacy.
The 2016 November/December Lincoln-Douglas topic is, Resolved: The United States ought to limit qualified immunity for police officers.
J. Scott Wunn Joins P21 Executive Board
P21, the Partnership for 21st Century Learning, recently elected its executive leadership team for 2016-2017. A unique partnership, P21, unites business, government, and education leaders around the goal of preparing all learners to succeed in an interconnected world.
J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director for the National Speech & Debate Association, is among the newly elected members of the P21 Executive Board.
For more information, download the complete press release.
EF Hutton Sponsors Scholarship Awards for Speech and Debate
The National Speech & Debate Association is thrilled to announce a new partnership with EF Hutton, the legendary brand in financial services. EF Hutton will award $5,000 scholarships to the champions of the National Tournament beginning in Birmingham in 2017 and continuing for at least two more years. The partnership is an amazing opportunity for the speech and debate community. Please join us in warmly welcoming EF Hutton and thanking them for their generous support!
Download the complete press release for more information!
2016-2017 USA Debate Team Selected
The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the 2016-2017 USA Debate Team! From more than 141,000 student members, nine high school students were selected to represent our country on USA Debate.
2016-2017 USA Debate Team:
Aditya Dhar – The Harker School, California
Colette Faulkner – Kingwood High School, Texas
Gaurav Gawankar – Kingwood High School, Texas
Ellie Grossman – The Blake School, Minnesota
Sarah Lanier – Northland Christian School, Texas
Joshua May – Armand Hammer United World College, New Mexico
Ella Michaels – North Hollywood High School, California
Nikhil Ramaswamy – Plano West Sr. High School, Texas
Liz Yount – Harvard-Westlake School, California
Throughout the year, the team will compete in nearly a dozen competitions across the globe from Los Angeles to Bali and Europe.
“These students are some of the best debaters across our country,” said Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “We’re excited to watch these students embark on an educational experience of a lifetime!”
The team will compete in World Schools style debate, a unique format that combines the concepts of prepared topics and impromptu topics, encouraging students to focus on specified issues rather than theory or procedural arguments. This highly interactive style of debate allows students to engage each other, even during speeches, requires excellent teamwork, and sparks in-depth quality argumentation.
New this year, nine underclassmen have been selected to the USA Debate Development Team. This group of underclassmen will train and practice with USA Debate coaches and alumni to learn more about World Schools Debate.
2016-2017 USA Debate Development Team:
Shreya Agarwala – Greenhill School, Texas
Shreyoshi Das – Flower Mound High School, Texas
Piper Doyle – Palisade High School, Colorado
Emily Grantham – Kingwood High School, Texas
Jordan Hershman – Polytechnic School, California
Matthew May – Palisade High School, Colorado
Leila Saklou – Kingwood High School, Texas
Nicholas Wuthrich – Polytechnic School, California
Connor Yu – The Blake School, Minnesota
2016-2017 USA Debate Team Coaches:
Dr. Sandra Berkowitz – Assistant Coach
R. Shane Stafford – Assistant Coach
Aaron Timmons – Head Coach
Cindi Timmons – Assistant Coach and Team Manager
The mission of USA Debate is to join the global promotion of free and civil discourse, foster international cooperation and education, as well as demonstrate competitive excellence and national pride. To learn more about USA Debate, visit www.speechanddebate.org/usa-debate.
Top Students Win All American Award
The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the 2015-2016 All American award recipients.
From more than 150,000 student members of the National Speech & Debate Association, 25 students have been named All Americans, having earned the most points in the National Speech & Debate Honor Society for the 2015-2016 speech and debate season.
“It is a huge honor to receive the All American Award,” said Executive Director J. Scott Wunn. “These are the top speech and debate competitors in the country, and we are proud to recognize their hard work and dedication.”
Student Name School Name State Points
Ethan Morelion Big Spring High School TX 4,464
Ian Hennington Madison Central High School MS 4,000
Matthew Cannon Harlingen High School South TX 3,852
Max Cline Skyline High School UT 3,850
Austin Jang Union High School WA 3,767
Thomas Mosmeyer Holy Trinity Catholic High School TX 3,753
Alexander Gasman ILEAD North Hollywood CA 3,463
Brett Ries Watertown High School SD 3,447
Christine Vo Spring Woods High School TX 3,426
Megan Kline El Dorado High School KS 3,403
Jacob Thompson Des Moines Roosevelt High School IA 3,390
Justin David Graham Trinity Preparatory School FL 3,383
Bennett R. Eckert Greenhill School TX 3,378
William Turk Oxbridge Academy Of The Palm Beaches FL 3,360
Craig Heyne Nova High School FL 3,343
Carol Lee Riverside High School SC 3,317
Alexander L. Trobough Sumner Academy KS 3,280
Shawn Haq El Camino Real Charter High School CA 3,230
Rannyn River Stephens Rock Springs High School WY 3,222
Daniel Drane Des Moines Roosevelt High School IA 3,212
Faizaan Sadruddin NSU University School FL 3,185
Nathan McClendon Manhattan High School KS 3,179
James Anthony Mullen Highland High School ID 3,168
Jacob Wallack NSU University School FL 3,165
Amanda B. Morrison Central High School – Springfield MO 3,161
The All American award is based on a combination of competitive and service points earned in the Honor Society. In order to qualify, a student must have competed once at the National Tournament. To learn more about student awards offered by the Association, visit www.speechanddebate.org/honor-society.
John Templeton Foundation Grant Creates New National Debate Competition
The National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to receive a generous three-year grant from the John Templeton Foundation to distribute $470,000 to schools across the country that host a new national debate event, Big Questions Debates.
“Speech and debate provides vital life skills to young people,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “The John Templeton Foundation recognizes the educational impact of this activity. Through this grant, we will work together to change lives of students across the country.”
Big Questions Debates is a one-on-one debate format that allows high school students to debate life’s big questions. The topics encourage quality research and critical thinking on complex worldviews that students might not otherwise consider. The topic for the 2016-2017 debates is, Resolved: Science leaves no room for free will.
Through a national application process, the National Speech & Debate Association will select more than 600 educational institutes across the country to host Big Questions Debates. Selected schools can host debates as a tournament event, intra-school scrimmage, classroom event, or supplemental event as long as all application requirements are met. Each institute will be eligible to receive up to $1,700 per event. The most successful students competing in Big Questions Debates will be invited to compete at the 2017 National Speech & Debate Tournament in Birmingham, Alabama.
To learn more about Big Questions Debates, or to apply for funding to host an event, visit www.speechanddebate.org/big-questions.
Minnesota Coaches Selected to Coach USA Debate Team
Des Moines, IA – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce two exceptional coaches have been selected to join the coaching staff for the award-winning USA Debate Team. R. Shane Stafford and Dr. Sandra Berkowitz, both current debate coaches at The Blake School in Minneapolis, Minnesota, have been selected as assistant coaches for the 2016-2017 USA Debate Team.
“Together, Shane and Sandy have more than 60 years of coaching experience,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “Their wealth of knowledge, expertise, and passion for speech and debate make them great leaders of Team USA.”
Shane Stafford is the Director of Debate at The Blake School. He has coached multiple national and state champions and finalists in Public Forum Debate, Policy Debate, Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Congressional Debate, Oratory, and Extemporaneous Speaking. He has coached competitive debate at the high school and collegiate level and led several summer debate workshops, including those at Harvard, Dartmouth, Georgetown, and the University of Southern California.
Sandra Berkowitz is the Assistant Debate Coach at The Blake School. She has also coached at the high school and collegiate level and has award-winning students in Public Forum Debate, Policy Debate, Lincoln-Douglas Debate, Congressional Debate, Oratory, Extemporaneous Speaking, Informative, and Rhetorical Criticism. Sandy has taught and directed several summer debate workshops including those at Harvard, Dartmouth, the University of Southern California, and Wayne State University.
Both Shane and Sandra have received countless accolades in speech and debate—most recently, the 2015 Minnesota Coach of the Year award.
“The USA Debate Team is comprised of some of the best high school debaters across the country,” said Wunn. “It’s imperative that we have outstanding coaches to lead the team in international competition and represent our country well. I’m confident and proud of the coaching team we have created.”
The USA Debate Team will compete in nearly a dozen World Schools style debate competitions across the globe throughout the 2016-2017 school year. From Los Angeles to Slovenia and Germany, USA Debate will compete with the best debate teams in the world. Shane and Sandra will assist head coach Aaron Timmons and team manager, Cindi Timmons.
The student members of the 2016-2017 USA Debate Team will be announced September 1, 2016. Visit www.speechanddebate.org/usa-debate for details.
2016 Board Election and Referendum Results
Des Moines, IA – After a nationwide vote, the National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to announce that the following individuals will serve four-year terms on the National Board of Directors beginning August 1, 2016: Pam Cady Wycoff (MN), Dr. Tommie Lindsey, Jr. (CA), Timothy Sheaff (IA), and Jennifer Jerome (NE). Congratulations to these outstanding leaders!
In addition, all four Constitutional amendment proposals passed by a majority. The timeline for implementation of individual referendum decisions will be determined by the Board of Directors and communicated to the membership at a later date. For more information, see this article published in the Summer 2016 issue of Rostrum.
Download the official voting results from Michael A. Eick, C.P.A.
Announcing the 2016-17 District Committees
Des Moines, IA – The National Speech & Debate Association is pleased to announce the results of the 2016-17 District Committee elections, effective August 1, 2016.
Committee members are listed alphabetically after the district chair. Elected individuals will be contacted to affirm their interest in the role.
Byron Arthur (LA)
Eloise Weisinger Blair (TX)
Mark Ferguson (IL)
Dr. Alfred “Tuna” Snider (VT)
Robert Shepard (TX)
The five inductees will be celebrated at the 2016 Hall of Fame Banquet and will be formally inducted at 7:00 p.m. on Thursday, June 16, during the Donus D. Roberts Diamond Assembly presented by Colorado College in the Salt Palace Convention Center – Grand Ballroom.
The Association is proud to honor coaches and teachers who are powering the voice of our future.
Strong Showing for USA Debate at International World Schools Debate Tournament
DES MOINES, IA – The USA Debate team placed second in the International World Schools Debate Tournament in Ljutomer, Slovenia, last week. USA Blue placed second and USA Red placed fifth.
“We are extremely proud of the USA Debate team,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “These students are competing with some of the best debaters across the world, and they represent the debate community and our country well.”
Fifty teams from 14 different countries including Bosnia, Herzergovina, Czech Republic, Croatia, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, and USA competed in the World Schools Debate Tournament. This is the third year in a row USA Debate has advanced to elimination rounds.
Advancing to finals and placing second was USA Blue, comprised of Nikolas Angelopoulos, Amit Kukreja, and Julia Lauer.
Advancing to quarterfinals and placing fifth was USA Red, comprised of Milan Amritraj, Josh May, and Liz Yount.
The national team was also recognized for outstanding speaking, winning the following awards: Liz Yount, second place and top female overall; Julia Lauer, fifth place; Amit Kukreja, ninth place; Milan Amritraj and Josh May, tied for 10th place, and Nikolas Angelopoulos, 13th place.
United States Senate Designates March 15 as National Speech and Debate Education Day
DES MOINES, IA – The National Speech & Debate Association is proud to announce the United States Senate has designated March 15, 2016, as National Speech and Debate Education Day!
National Speech and Debate Education Day was created to recognize and celebrate the positive impact of speech and debate activities on students, schools, and communities.
“Speech and debate changes lives,” said J. Scott Wunn, Executive Director of the National Speech & Debate Association. “From increased attendance to higher test scores, and a rise in college acceptance, speech and debate prepares young people for college, the workforce, and beyond.”
March 15 was selected to coincide with the first-ever World Speech Day, a day dedicated to celebrating speech across the world. From live events to classroom activities, assemblies, and town hall meetings, students, teachers, and community members are using this day to celebrate the importance of speech and debate across the globe!
“Forensics is one of the most important things I’ve ever done,” said Vincent Stephens, speech and debate alum and Director of Popel Shaw Center for Race & Ethnicity. “It’s gotten me through some really great moments from interpersonal interactions to interviewing.”
Speech and Debate Community Mourns Loss of Alfred "Tuna" Snider
Des Moines, IA – We are deeply saddened by the loss of Dr. Alfred C. “Tuna” Snider, one of the world’s best known debate figures, who passed away December 11, 2015.
It is impossible to estimate the number of people who have learned from Dr. Snider as a coach, teacher, or colleague, either in person or from one of his many books, podcasts, television appearances, radio shows, and websites. A lifelong learner and teacher, Dr. Snider was also one of the community’s greatest servants. His 10 years of service to the operations of the National Speech & Debate Tournament and debate training activities in more than 44 countries introduced thousands of students and coaches to his laid-back style and engaging instructional techniques.
An international ambassador for global debating, Dr. Snider was instrumental in bringing World Schools style debate to the United States and served as a coach for the USA Debate Team for the past three years. The USA World Schools Debate Invitational champion trophy is named in his honor.
Dr. Snider received nearly every U.S. award connected with debate coaching, including the 2008 NSDA Humanitarian Award. He dedicated the latter 40-plus years of his life to promoting debate and critical communication as an alternative to violence and as a method for achieving a true civil society. Dr. Snider’s vision for the role of debate in the greater world leaves a legacy in which we can all take part.
We extend our sincerest condolences to Dr. Snider’s many friends and family. We will share details about memorial services as additional information becomes available.
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Search - The Man from Colorado/ The Man from Laramie/ Man in the Saddle on DVD
The Man from Colorado/ The Man from Laramie/ Man in the Saddle
Actors: James Stewart, Arthur Kennedy, Randolph Scott, Joan Leslie, Ellen Drew
Directors: Andr� De Toth, Anthony Mann, Henry Levin
Genres: Westerns, Drama
The Man from Colorado — A judge teeters on the brink of insanity... a town on the edge of revolt. And only one man stands between them in this powerful western featuring two of Hollywood's greatest leading men. Glenn Ford d... more »elivers a mesmerizing performance as Owen Devereaux, a sadistic Civil War vet who continues to kill for the joy of it even after he becomes a judge. William Holden is outstanding as Del Stewart, Devereaux's marshal and ex-army pal who tries to restrain the judge's violent nature. When Devereaux's psychotic behavior forces the townspeople to take up arms against him, the former friends are pited together against each other in a brutal conflict with fatal consequences. The suspense never falters in acclaimed director Henry Levin's tightly woven tale which delves into the devastating psychological effects of war.
The Man from Laramie
An intensely satisfying drama of rugged primitive justice, The Man From Laramie marked the final, and finest, collaboration of one of the most important teams in Western films: director Anthony Mann and star Jimmy Stewart. Together this perfectly-matched pair provided audiences with eight classic pictures, including Winchester '73 and Stategic Air Command. Under Mann's superb direction, Stewart departs from his well-loved "ordinary hero" role and gives a riveting performance as a resolute vigilante obsessed with finding the man responsible for his brother's death. Among the suspects are an arrogant cattle baron (Donald Crisp), his sadistic son (Alex Nicol) and his ranch foreman (Arthur Kennedy, in the best performance of his career). One explosive confrontation, in which Stewart is dragged by a wild horse and shot in the hand at close range, is one of movie history's most memorable sequences. Among the first Westerns filmed in CinemaScope, The Man From Laramie uses the widescreen technology to emphasize the scope and power of this harrowing action-drama, making it a perfect example of the Western as America's epic art form.
Man in the Saddle
One of the great Westerns of the '50s, Man in the Saddle has Randolph Scott doing what he does best: Ridin', shootin', seeing justice done and gettin' into fist fights. He is a small-time rancher who loses his girl to a big-time rancher. She sees the error of her ways only too late. « less
Creators: Ben Maddow, Borden Chase, Ernest Haycox, Frank Burt, Kenneth Gamet
Sub-Genres: Westerns, Classics
Format: DVD - Color
Screens: Color
Edition: Box set
MPAA Rating: Unrated
Fox Western Classics
Rawhide / The Gunfighter / Garden of Evil
Directors: Henry Hathaway, Henry King
Colt 45 / Tall Man Riding / Fort Worth
Mr Brooks
Director: Bruce A. Evans
R 2007 2hr 0min
The X-Files Fight the Future
Director: Rob Bowman
PG-13 2005 2hr 2min
Director: Roman Polanski
Spirit Stallion of the Cimarron
Directors: Kelly Asbury, Lorna Cook
Director: Reghardt van den Bergh
Director: Kinji Fukasaku
Director: Peter Yates
PG 1999 2hr 3min
Director: Martin Scorsese
Triple feature in one package
Robert M. Bratcher Jr. | Houston, Texas USA | 12/25/2008
(4 out of 5 stars)
"I haven't seen these films beyond the trailers yet however I wanted to comment on the packaging which I found to be a bit odd. All 3 DVD's were stacked one on top of the other in a single large hub. Very strange indeed. All 3 features are in color and have English subtitles available..
Man from Colorado is 1:33 with the folowing trailers playing before the movie starts. Gilda, Silverado, Bridge On The River Kwai. It should be possible to skip these by using your meny botton on the remote but I didn't try that. You can view the trailers from the special features menu if you wish to.
The Man From Laramie is 2:35 & goes directly to the main menu. You will find the trailer in the special features menu. There are no other trailers on this disc. There is an audio menu with a choice of the original 3 channel sound for a Dolby Digital system or 2 channel stereo.
Man In The Saddle is 1:33 and also goes directly to the main menu. The special features menu plays the following trailers. Silverado, The Professionals, Major Dundee, Glory, and then a compilation trailer for several western movies. 3 movies for $14.99 to me was a good deal & I'll be playing all 3 soon.
Great set of westerns
Lawrence W. Stephens | 10/21/2009
"Each western by itself is a good western. Packaged as 3 different westerns for $10 (what I paid) is what gets it a 5 star. Man from Colorado, a dark western in what can go wrong in a Civil War veteran. Man from Laramie, a strong Stewart western (best of the 3 and filmed at 2:35 to boot). Man in the Saddle, better then the typical Scott western."
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Tag: Comics
Krypton SDCC teaser trailer introduces us to Superman's grandparents
Lucas Siegel
Sep 3, 2019, 7:16 AM EDT (Updated)
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Tag: Krypton
Tag: SDCC 2017
Tag: SYFY
Tag: San Diego Comic-Con
Tag: Superman
Tag: Trailers
The first official teaser trailer for Krypton, the new Superman prequel series coming to SYFY in 2018, has debuted! Shown at San Diego Comic-Con, the new trailer is quick but shows off quite a bit from the fabled doomed world that blew up, sending Kal-El to Earth.
The official synopsis for Krypton reads:
More Krypton
10 essential Superman comic book origin stories, ranked
Create your own Kryptonian hero with SYFY's Descendants of Krypton generator
"Set two generations before the destruction of the legendary Man of Steel’s home planet, Krypton follows Superman’s grandfather (Cameron Cuffe, The Halcyon) — whose House of El was ostracized and shamed — as he fights to redeem his family’s honor and save his beloved world from chaos. Krypton premieres in 2018 on SYFY."
The series nod to Man of Steel, the 2013 film that kicked off the DCEU, is no mistake -- in the trailer, you can see that the "S" shield, the symbol of the House of El, is of the same design as seen in the films, as is that Kryptonian data key. While no one is saying it's explicitly set in the same universe, they're also not explicitly saying it is not set in that world, and little nods like this to the DCEU and other Superman tales should be expected.
The only dialogue in the trailer? "The blood of House El will always bind us together." Presumably, that's Superman's grandfather, the star of the series, Seg-El, narrating the lone line.
Krypton gets the SDCC spotlight Saturday at 1:15 p.m. PT, so look to SYFY WIRE then for more news about this next (first) chapter in the Superman mythos.
Video of KRYPTON | Teaser Trailer | SYFY
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Ranveer Singh was Anurag Kashyap’s choice for Bombay Velvet: ‘Studio wouldn’t give me money if I made the film with him’
Filmmaker Anurag Kashyap has weighed in on the insider-outsider debate in Bollywood. Anurag said that with the advancement of OTT platforms, there are a lot more opportunities for outsiders to prove their talent.
Anurag has even spoken about how Ranveer Singh suffered multiple rejections in his career, despite being dubbed an insider for his very distant connection with Anil Kapoor’s family. Anurag said that Ranveer had auditioned for Shaitan but was rejected. He even wanted to make Bombay Velvet with him but the studios threatened to back out if he did.
Speaking to journalist Faye D’Souza, Anurag said, “However much people call him an insider because of some remote connection, from two generations before, the man has struggled. Ranveer Singh was rejected in an audition in Shaitan. Ranveer Singh is an actor who when I wanted to cast him in Bombay Velvet, I had a tough time. My studios and nobody believed in me and told me they will not give me money if I made the film with him. So even that Ranveer Singh, that I know two personal stories of my own production that rejected him, he is a star today.”
Actor Ranbir Kapoor was ultimately brought on as the lead in Bombay Velvet opposite Anushka Sharma. The film proved to be a flop at the box office and was also widely panned by critics.
Anurag also talked about how he and Kangana Ranaut had fought nepotism early in their careers. “See nepotism was a debate of 2000, the early decade. Right now, with OTT coming into the picture, that debate is pointless. There are much more opportunities on OTT, there are much more outsiders coming in. That was the time I fought that battle. When me and Kangana were friends and were like ‘We will do this film’. How many people believed in Queen? Nobody did. We went down and fought that battle. This industry was about supporting their people, like any other business,” he said.
Also read Payal Ghosh के खिलाफ ऋचा चड्ढा ने लिया लीगल एक्शन, वकील ने जारी किया स्टेटमेंट
Also read: Sunny Leone shares cryptic post after Kangana Ranaut drags her into spat with Urmila Matondkar: ‘People who don’t know you have the most to say’
Anurag and Kangana have been at loggerheads lately for their opposing views on Bollywood’s drug abuse issue, politics, nationalism and more. Recently, when Kangana talked about she was a warrior, ready to serve her country, Anurag joked that she should fight with the troops against China. Kangana, in turn, called him a fool for not understanding her metaphor.
Follow @htshowbiz for more
TaggedAnurag KashyapBombay VelvetnepotismRanbir KapoorRanveer SinghRanveer Singh Anurag Kashyap
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Also see Gil's reviews of Chicago, The Good Doctor, Fun Home, The Cemetery Club, Hands on a Hardbody, Barefoot in the Park and The Pajama Game
Katie McFadzen, Debby Rosenthal, and Elyse Wolf
Photo by Reg Madison Photography
After a healthy run on Broadway, a successful film adaptation, and multiple national tours, the feel-good musical Mamma Mia! is finally available for regional theatre companies to present. Phoenix Theatre's production, which stars a talented group of well-known actors from the Valley, proves to be an incredibly fun and infectious affair with a nice amount of emotion and sincerity. The musical is set to a score which features over a dozen hit songs from 1970s Swedish pop band ABBA.
The plot of Mamma Mia! is fairly simple. Sophie, a young girl living in Greece with her single mother, is engaged to be married but doesn't know who her father is. She discovers that her mother dated three different guys around the time she was conceived and decides to invite all three of them to the wedding without her mother's knowledge. Her dream is that she will find out which of the three men is her father, have him walk her down the aisle, and hopefully have him rekindle his feelings for her mother. Things don't go exactly as planned, but romance, hilarity, and plenty of dancing ensue, to the disco beat of over 20 Abba songs, with a plot that doesn't always go where you think it will.
Catherine Johnson's book may include a few of ABBA pop tunes that are uncomfortably shoehorned into the plot, but many of the pop lyrics actually have a natural theatrical feel to them and fit the characters' voices, which makes them flow realistically from Johnson's mostly sharp dialogue that makes each character unique. The upbeat story and humorous situations, not to mention the fact that audiences probably know half of the songs already, are what has made Mamma Mia! a phenomenon.
The entire cast is excellent. Phoenix Theatre favorite Debby Rosenthal is Donna, the mother of Sophie, played by Sarah Daniels. They both deliver layered performances of these identifiable characters who change and grow throughout the show. Rosenthal does well in portraying the headstrong woman who gave up on love after having her heart broken, while Daniels at first projects a focused determination as the young girl who desperately wants to find out who her father is but quickly becomes nervous and scared once her plan starts to go in a different direction than she thought it would. They evoke a realistic mother/daughter relationship which is beautifully displayed during "Slipping Through My Fingers," which Rosenthal sweetly sings to Daniels as Sophie is getting dressed for the wedding. Rosenthal also navigates her way effortlessly around "The Winner Takes It All" which becomes an emotional story-song and Daniels' lovely voice manages its way effectively around several familiar ABBA tunes.
Elyse Wolf and Katie McFadzen are having a blast as Donna's two best friends Tanya and Rosie. As soon as they appear on stage together, Rosenthal, Wolf and McFadzen immediately come across as best friends who have known each other for more than twenty years. Wolf and McFadzen have well-honed comedic abilities and clear and bright singing voices. The trio of women sing some of ABBA's biggest hits, including "Dancing Queen" and "Super Trooper," which features some beautiful blended harmonies.
As Sophie's three possible fathers, Phillip Arran as Sam, D. Scott Withers as Bill, and Kyle Sorrell as Harry all elicit firm and clear portrayals of these three very different men whom Johnson interweaves into the story very well, with each character not only getting a decent amount of stage time and songs to sing but also growing throughout the plot. All three actors do exceptionally well in their scenes with Daniels, as they start to realize they might be her father, and they also work well in their moments with Rosenthal's Donna, a woman all three clearly had feelings for. Arran gets the more serious moments to play, as the man who has never forgotten the woman he loved, and his beautiful voice delivers "S.O.S." and "Knowing Me, Knowing You" with ease. Withers and McFadzen turn their charming and funny duet of "Take a Chance on Me" into a showstopper. Mark Bacon does well to make Sky, Sophie's fiancé, more than just a one-dimensional "surfer dude," and Brant Michaels as Sky's friend Pepper makes "Does Your Mother Know?" (with Elyse Wolf) into a comic gem filled with some high-flying footwork.
Michaels also provides the superb upbeat, fun, and ever-changing choreography, which includes an excellently staged "Voulez Vos" dance that ends act one. Director Robert Kolby Harper keeps the show moving at a fast pace with a light comical air but also ensures the serious and emotional beats are present and felt. I've seen the original production of this show three times and this is the first time that I found myself getting a little teary-eyed toward the end, which is all due to Harper's fine direction and the talented cast creating realistic characters you can care for.
Creative elements, as usual at Phoenix Theatre, are sublime, with Robert Kovach's scenic design beautifully evoking the peaceful Greek island location with a large rotating center element that quickly and efficiently creates the various locations in the story. Michael J. Eddy's stunning lighting design uses bright oranges and yellows to elicit the bright, sunny Greek days, and blues, purples and pinks to produce stunning images for the cool and dark evenings. Cari Sue Smith's costumes play off the blues and whites in Kovach's set design, including excellent and creative finale costumes that aren't just carbon copies of the original production. Alan Ruch's music direction delivers an impressive sound from the band as well as vibrant vocals from the cast and ensemble who provide backing vocals offstage on many of the songs.
Mamma Mia! is a feel-good musical with romance, humor and several heartfelt moments. Phoenix Theatre's production, with its winning cast, who deliver sincere and realistic portrayals of these lovable characters, bright direction, fun choreography, and sharp creative aspects, is a fun and infectious crowd pleaser.
Phoenix Theatre's production of Mamma Mia! runs through October 15th, 2017, with performances at the Phoenix Theatre at 100 E. McDowell Road in Phoenix AZ. Tickets can be purchased at phoenixtheatre.com or by calling (602) 254-2151
Director/Musical Staging: Robert Kolby Harper
Choreographer: Brant Michaels
Music Director: Alan Ruch
Scenic Designer: Robert Kovach
Costume Designer: Cari Sue Smith
Lighting Designer: Michael J. Eddy
Sound Designer: Dave Temby
Wig and Makeup Designer: Kelly Yurko
Properties Designer: Tyler Welden
Sam Carmichael: Phillip Arran
Sky: Mark Bacon
Ensemble: Shani Barrett
Ensemble: Amie M. Bjorklund
Ali: Sara Bruton
Ensemble: Lucas Coatney Sophie: Sarah Daniels*
Ensemble: Trisha Hart Ditsworth
Eddie: Cooper Hallstrom
Ensemble: Danny Hammond
Ensemble: Ben Massouras
Rosie: Katie McFadzen
Pepper: Brant Michaels*
Ensemble: Logan Scott Mitchell*
Ensemble: Jessie Jo Pauley
Ensemble: Jonny Ramirez
Lisa: Sedona Urias-Ramonett
Donna Sheridan: Debby Rosenthal*
Harry: Kyle Sorrell
Ensemble: Sarah Wiechman
Bill Austin: D. Scott Withers*
Tanya: Elyse Wolf*
*Members of Actors' Equity Association, the union of professional actors & stage managers in the U.S.
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At the 2016 Skills Canada National Competition (SCNC) in Moncton, NB, the Essential Skills Youth Forum recommended the development of a national alumni program for previous national and international competitors.
To celebrate Canada’s 150th birthday, Skills/Competences Canada (SCC) worked with its Skills Canada Member Organizations to select approximately 40 Alumni ‘Champions’ to highlight at the 2017 Skills Canada National Competition.
These Champions have been selected by their Skills Canada Member Organization and have previously participated in provincial/territorial, national and in some cases international SCC activities or events. The Canada 150 Champions are here to tell their stories and engage with the over 10,000 student visitors expected during SCNC 2017.
SCC works actively to promote careers in skilled trades and technologies to Canadian youth. One of the many ways we do this is through the competition process and the hands on activities that are provided for student visitors during the two days of competition.
The Canada 150 Champions played an important role during SCNC:
They were ambassadors at several of the Try-A-Trade® and Technology activities;
They provided guided tours of the competition and activities during SCNC to students;
They told their personal stories about how they got into their occupational area of interest, who their mentors are and how they got to where they are today;
They encouraged youth to look at the wide variety of career choices that were demonstrated during SCNC;
Communicated with teachers and school administrators as to how they can help students reach their personal goals as mentors and advisors.
SCC was pleased to welcome the Canada 150 Champions to the 2017 National Competition. Our goal was to have these Champions communicate their success stories, and share their experience, to encourage and inspire students to follow a similar path and choose a career in the skilled trade or technology sector that’s of interest to them.
See the Alumni of Canada 150
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‘Hair Love’ Director Recruits Lil Rel Howery For Heist Comedy ‘The Come Up’
Posted on Sunday, June 28th, 2020 by Ben Pearson
Matthew A. Cherry won an Oscar for his 2019 short film Hair Love, which he wrote, produced, and directed, and now he’s lined up his first feature film since taking home his Academy Award. He’ll direct The Come Up, a heist comedy starring Lil Rel Howery (Get Out), the Lucas Brothers (22 Jump Street), and Jermaine Fowler (Sorry to Bother You). Read More »
‘Bad Trip’: Hidden Camera Prank Film Skips Theaters, Goes Straight to Netflix
Posted on Wednesday, May 13th, 2020 by Ben Pearson
Bad Trip, a movie which stars Eric Andre, Lil Rel Howery, and Tiffany Haddish and features a mixture of traditional narrative and hidden camera pranks, was originally set to hit theaters last October. It got delayed to April 2020, and later it was moved up one week by the resurrected Orion Pictures. But the coronavirus pandemic put a stop to that, and now the film has found an entirely new home: it’s bypassing theaters and going straight to Netflix. Read More »
New ‘Bad Trip’ Trailers: Eric Andre and Lil Rey Howery Pull Off Shocking Hidden Camera Pranks
Posted on Wednesday, March 11th, 2020 by Ethan Anderton
There was a time when Jackass was not only a hit series on MTV, but it was a successful film franchise, bringing insane and dangerous pranks and stunts to the big screen. Now Jackass franchise producer and director Jeff Tremaine is bringing pranks back to the big screen along with director Kitao Sakurai and comedy collaborators Eric Andre, Lil Rey Howery and Dan Curry.
Bad Trip is a hidden camera comedy that follows Eric Andre and Lil Rey Howery as they go on a narratively driven cross-country road trip filled with shocking, inventive pranks pulled on real people across the United States. A new red band Bad Trip trailer has arrived, showcasing the dirtier side of these pranks, but there’s a green band trailer for those who want to keep it clean (even though the movie is undoubtedly R-rated). Read More »
Watch: Ryan Reynolds Starts Shilling ‘Free Guy’ Merchandise Before the First Trailer Arrives This Weekend
Posted on Friday, December 6th, 2019 by Ethan Anderton
The massive CCXP (Comic-Con Experience) is happening in Brazil this weekend, and some upcoming blockbusters will be teased for South American fans in attendance. That includes the upcoming 20th Century Fox movie Free Guy. The first trailer will debut during CCXP on Saturday, but before that, a new Free Guy teaser featuring star Ryan Reynolds and co-stars Lil Rel Howery, Jodie Comer and Joe Keery has arrived. But it quickly gets highjacked and turned into a shopping network pitch for merchandise from the movie itself. Read More »
Ryan Reynolds’ New Action Comedy ‘Free Guy’ is ‘Wreck-It Ralph’ Meets ‘Grand Theft Auto’ [New York Comic-Con 2019]
Posted on Thursday, October 3rd, 2019 by Hoai-Tran Bui
It was a dark and stormy day in New York City, the perfect day for brightly costumed superheroes to come out in droves and crowd the New York streets and subways. But there’s one superhero that stands apart from the rest. He’s a guy simply named Guy, and he’s not actually the hero of the story. An NPC (non-playable character) in a video game, Guy is a simple-minded bank teller played by Ryan Reynolds and the unwitting protagonist of the upcoming Shawn Levy-directed action-comedy Free Guy.
At 2019’s New York Comic-Con, the 20th Century Fox panel rolled out the red carpet for Reynolds and Levy, as well as the all-star cast that includes Taika Waititi, Jodie Comer (Killing Eve), Joe Keery (Stranger Things), Lil Rel Howery (Get Out), and Utkarsh Ambudkar (Pitch Perfect). Here’s everything that /Film learned at the Free Guy New York Comic-Con 2019 panel.
Tiffany Haddish Goes From ‘Girl’s Trip’ to ‘Bad Trip’ In a Movie That Features a Mixture of Traditional Narrative and Actual Pranks
Posted on Thursday, June 20th, 2019 by Ben Pearson
As younger viewers continue to spend more time watching YouTube than going to the movies, here’s a depressing thought: what if the movies begin to evolve to seem more like YouTube videos? A new film called Bad Trip is coming out this fall and is seemingly trying out that tactic. Eric Andre, Lil Rel Howery, and Tiffany Haddish star in a film that blends a traditional narrative with a prank format, in which an overarching story unfolds and real people are fooled along the way. Check out the trailer below.
‘Uncle Drew’ Interview: Lil Rel Howery Talks the Love of the Game, ‘Space Jam’, Working with Legends & More
Posted on Sunday, July 1st, 2018 by Steven Prokopy
Comedian/actor Lil Rel Howery is two things to the core: a Chicagoan and a basketball fan. So when he was asked if he wanted to star in a feature film adaptation of the popular Uncle Drew commercial shorts (all made by Pepsi), with NBA legend Kyrie Irving returning as the titular character, he was quick to say yes without even looking at a script. The film also stars such basketball luminaries as Chris Webber, Reggie Miller, Nate Robinson, Shaquille O’Neal, and the WNBA’s Lisa Leslie, all playing elderly former players, recruited by Howery’s Dax to play in the Rucker Classic street ball tournament in Harlem against much younger players. Uncle Drew also stars Tiffany Haddish as Dax’s ex-girlfriend, who breaks things off with him and immediately begins dating his lifelong arch nemesis on the court, Mookie (Nick Kroll).
Already a prominent comedian throughout Chicago and a rising star nationally since the beginning of the 2000s, Howery beginning getting smaller film roles and starring roles on such series as “The Carmichael Show” and “Insecure.” But it was his role as life-saving TSA agent/best friend Rod Williams in writer/director Jordan Peele’s Get Out (2017) that served as his calling card performance to the world. In addition to Uncle Drew, Howery has a very funny cameo in the current release Tag, and audiences will see him at the end of the year in director Susanne Bier’s ensemble sci-fi thriller Bird Box, co-starring Sandra Bullock, Sarah Paulson, Jacki Weaver, Trevante Rhodes, David Dastmalchian, and fellow Chicagoan John Malkovich.
/Film spoke with the 38-year-old Howery in Chicago recently about his love and connection to the game of basketball (including the film Space Jam, starring his all-time hero, Chicago Bulls superstar Michael Jordan); how his long-time friendship with Kroll translated into playing bitter enemies in Uncle Drew; and his experience on the Bird Box set. Read More »
‘Uncle Drew’ Trailer: The Elderly Basketball Player Comedy You’ve Been Waiting For
Posted on Thursday, April 26th, 2018 by Chris Evangelista
At last, someone has finally made a movie about guys wearing old age prosthetic make-up and playing basketball! Uncle Drew features Kyrie Irving, Shaquille O’Neal, Tiffany Haddish and more in a summer movie that might be a nice distraction from all the usual blockbuster bombast. Watch the Uncle Drew trailer below.
‘Uncle Drew’ Trailer: Kyrie Irving Leads a Team of NBA Legends in Old-Age Make-Up
Posted on Wednesday, February 14th, 2018 by Hoai-Tran Bui
It started as a viral bit. Basketball star Kyrie Irving donned some old-age make-up, a fat suit, and a white wig to play “Uncle Drew,” a washed-up basketball player who shows up to a local game and shows up all the young players. He debuted in a Pepsi Max ad that was presented as documentary-style “chapters” — which later came together as a 20-minute short film. The videos soon went viral and and went on to be one of the most popular ads that aired at the NBA finals.
Now, Uncle Drew is getting his own movie.
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Evelyn ELLIS #554
By Marg Powel & Des Crump | 17 July 2017
Evelyn Ellis
Indigenous Australian, Evelyn ELLIS, 9th Reinforcements, 7th Machine Gun Company
Evelyn ELLIS was born on North Stradbroke Island, Queensland in 1884 and worked as a carpenter before volunteering to serve with the first AIF in September 1916. After training at Seymour Barracks, Victoria, he embarked from Melbourne in December 1916 on board HMAT Orontes bound for England. The reinforcements trained at Perham Downs before sailing for France in September 1917. Ellis had been transferred to the 3rd Division Machine Gun Company.
Gunner Ellis served in France until being taken ill early in 1918, he was returned to Australia in May 1918 and medically discharged.
Service record: ELLIS, Evelyn
Embarkation roll
North Stradbroke Island's First World War Soldiers and the Homefront
One of the soldiers featured in SLQ’s HistoryPin Collection
Queensland’s Indigenous Servicemen Digital Story and Oral History
The information in this blog post has been researched by State Library staff and volunteers, it is based on available information at this time. If you have more information that you would like to share or further research uncovers new findings, this post will be updated.
Queensland's World War 1 Centenary (886)
Qld Faces of WWI (599)
Indigenous Soldiers (271)
Aboriginal soldiers (268)
Indigenous enlistment (244)
North Stradbroke Island (11)
7th Machine Gun Company (1)
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« Hollywood’s homophone corner
Bristol Crown Court judge resorts to Google Translate »
Two point releases for LibreOffice
On the last day of August, The Document Foundation (TDF) announced two point releases for the popular LibreOffice productivity suite: LibreOffice 5.4.1 “Fresh”, the first minor release of the new LibreOffice 5.4 family; and LibreOffice 5.3.6 “Still”, the sixth release of the mature LibreOffice 5.3 family.
LibreOffice 5.4.1 represents the bleeding edge in term of features, and as such is targeted at technology enthusiasts and early adopters, whereas LibreOffice 5.3.6 is targeted at more conservative users and enterprise deployments.
As regards enterprise use, TDF suggests deploying LibreOffice 5.3.6 with support from certified professionals. Furthermore, many companies sitting on TDF’s Advisory Board also provide either value-added Long Term Supported versions of LibreOffice or consultancy services for migration to LibreOffice and training.
LibreOffice 5.4.1 includes approximately 100 bug and regression fixes, along with document compatibility improvements. Technical details about the bug fixes can be found in the RC1 and RC2 change logs.
LibreOffice 5.4.1 (Writer) in action
LibreOffice 5.3.6 includes approximately 50 bug and regression fixes. As with 5.4.1, technical details about the release can be found in the change log.
Download LibreOffice
LibreOffice 5.4.1 and LibreOffice 5.3.6 are available for immediate download for GNU/Linux, Mac OSX and Windows. Select the version you desire for your preferred operating system.
Please note that if you’re still using Windows XP or Windows Vista, LibreOffice 5.4 will be the last release that will run on those legacy operating systems.
Support LibreOffice
LibreOffice users, free software advocates and community members are invited to support The Document Foundation with a donation. Donations help TDF to maintain its infrastructure, share knowledge and organise events, such as this year’s LibreOffice Conference, which will be taking place in Rome in October.
free software ODF open source open standards tech
This entry was posted by Steve Woods on September 2, 2017 at 07:50, and is filed under Linux, Open Source, Open Standards, Tech. Follow any responses to this post through RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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Looking to download your music from Spotify? Here's how to.
Phones How-To
How To Download Music From Spotify
We show you how to download music from Spotify quickly and easily, but you'll have to be a Spotify premium customer to do it.
Downloading your music from Spotify is easy on Android, iOS, PC Desktop and Mac. Here's how to listen to your music offline.
By Christopher Minasians, Contributor | 21 Jan 2019
Spotify is one of the biggest streaming services in the world, and not only allows you to listen to millions of tracks on the go, it also lets you download music for offline listening too. This service is available to Spotify premium customers for £9.99 per month, and the app is available on iOS, Android, Mac and PC.
Have a look at our guide to the best music streaming services of 2019.
How to download music from Spotify: Download Spotify and get Spotify Premium
If you're looking to get Spotify, you can grab it for free from their website. Alternatively you can grab it for free on the Play Store if you're on Android or the App Store if you've got an iOS device.
Once you've downloaded the app or installed the program, you can freely use Spotify. However, if you're looking to legally download music from Spotify, you should subscribe to Spotify Premium. You can trial the service free for 30 days, and then start paying the £9.99 subscription charge per month afterwards.
Once you've got Premium, you'll be able to download and listen to music offline. We'll go through the desktop and mobile platform. Also read: Spotify Free vs Premium.
How to download music from Spotify: Listen offline on desktop
On your Mac or PC, sign into your account and navigate to your playlists or library.
If you've not added music yet, simply find some songs you like and right-click on them to add them to your library or playlist. Alternatively, press on the small three dots next to the right-hand side of the song, in order to be given the option to add it.
Navigate to your library and playlist and you'll be able to see a toggle to listen to the songs offline: 'Available Offline'.
Once you toggle the option, Spotify will make those songs available offline, where it downloads the songs and enables you to listen to them whenever you want. You'll be able to see the songs being downloaded with a circular symbol indicating the download process. Once it's complete, it will be replaced by a downward-facing green arrow.
Finally, if you want to force Spotify to go offline, navigate to File at the top left-hand side of the program and click on the 'Offline Mode' option.
Also read: Deezer vs Spotify vs Tidal vs Amazon Prime Music vs Apple Music comparison.
How to download music from Spotify: Listen offline on iOS and Android
Once you've downloaded the app, make sure you're initially connected to the internet.
Within the app navigate to a song you like or an album and you'll see the 'Download' toggle at the top of the playlist. Once you select the option, you'll be able to download your songs.
Remember you'll need to have Spotify Premium for this service and that you'll initially need internet connectivity. If you're using the service over cellular, make sure you've got enough data to support your downloads.
Once you've downloaded the songs you wish to listen to offline, you can enable Offline mode by navigating to your settings, which is found on the left-hand menu.
Toggle 'Offline' at the top of the settings menu and you'll then be able to listen to your downloaded songs no matter if you're connected to the internet or not.
Remember that downloading songs can take up your smartphone's storage space, so ensure you've got enough before downloading multiple albums.
Read next: Best cloud storage services 2018 UK.
Author: Christopher Minasians, Contributor
Ex-IDG Staff Writer Christopher has been covering consumer technology for more than 8 years. His specialilies are audio, phones, displays, PCs and peripherals.
Recent stories by Christopher Minasians:
Honor 8 review
Why the LG G5 is better than iPhone
Why the S7 is better than iPhone
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Glad To Guide
Growing energy needs
sem3 | 0 comments
India, the second largest populated nation in the world with more than a billion people has an economy which is growing at nearly 8% over the last decade and about 6% on the average since her independence in 1947.
It is expected that India’s economy will go at more or less the same rate even till 2050, which will naturally demand enormous amounts of energy. This is also highlighted by the fact that globally, the nations with improved quality of life, as reflected by the larger value of the human development index, consume more amount of energy per capita.
Though India is presently the fourth largest electricity producing country in the world, her per capita energy consumption (500 kWh) is rather small, which is only about 1/2 of China , 1/4 of World average and about 1/13th of developed nations. This is also reflected by the low life expectancy in India and other similar nations.
However, India aspires to reach at least the global average by 2050, which would require her to produce about 1300 GW of electricity, ten times more than the present value of about 130 GW. Of the present electricity generation, about 80% of the resources is fossil fuels. Hydro about 15%, renewable about 2% and nuclear about 3%.
Relying on fossil fuels alone to increase the energy production is both impractical and impossible, first because of lack of access to required resources and second, even if resources are available, it would produce irreparable damage to the environment through global warming.
The conventional nuclear power production based on fission reactions is slated to grow to about 20% of the total by 2050. To meet the energy demand in coming decades, it is essential to find alternate resources. Thus fusion, which can be viewed as an advance nuclear technology, provides a great opportunity to countries like India and China to meet their energy needs.
Table. Energy consumption by fuel type (in million tones of oil equivalent) for the year 2004:
Region Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Energy Hydro- electricity Total
North America 1122.4 705.9 603.8 210.4 141.9 2784.4
South and Central 221.7 106.2 18.7 4.4 132.1 483.1
Europe and Eurasia 957.3 997.7 537.2 287.2 184.7 2964.0
So called Middle east 250.9 218.0 9.1 – 4.0 481.9
Africa 124.3 61.8 102.8 3.4 19.8 312.1
Asia Pacific 1090.5 330.9 1506.6 118.9 152.0 3198.8
World 3767.1 242.4 2778.2 624.3 634.4 10224.4
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More in sem3
Energy resources Power or energy resources are the basic components of economic development and the amount of energy production is...
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About Ted & Co
Ted & Company TheaterWorks
Rabbit Trails
We Own This Now »
We Own This Now
Laughter is Sacred Space
Boots, Buckets & Barrows
Listening for Grace
Like so many artists and small business owners, Ted & Co has been impacted by the social-distancing required to ‘flatten the curve.’ We’re doing our part flattening things, flat out cancelled our spring tours. While we are rebooking for summer and fall, the unknowing of when we might be able to get back out on the road is daunting. We’d of course like our flattening things to not squish us.
If you value the work we do, and have the means to do so, we would be so grateful for your financial support. Your donation would be tax deductible through the Center for Art, Humor & Soul. Just follow this link and choose “other” and check “write us a comment” and write in “For Ted & Co.”
With gratitude and prayers for safe-keeping. Stay well friends! May you find opportunity to laugh, and find the light inside the darkness in this life-altering time.
Rabbit Trails: Dispatches From the Shed
Anatomy of a Work of Art in Progress Part III: The Crew
When we last left off, I was being convicted to not only take the script to a deeper, more vulnerable space but my acting as well, aaack! We now found ourselves in that beautiful theater space in tech rehearsals. Now, when we rented the Goshen Theater, Jerry Peters came with it. It’s right there in the contract: “In signing this contract, as a bonus, you also receive a healthy dose of Jerry Peters.” Everyone needs a healthy dose of Jerry Peters. I first met Jerry...
Anatomy of a Work of Art in Progress Part II: The Questions Directors Ask
When we last were with you, Steven and Ted had found the Really Cool Theater. So, a change in plans–don’t shoot the video in the barn, amongst the detritus and memories of my childhood, but rather travel to Goshen, Indiana, and rent the gorgeous, recently renovated Goshen Theater where they have been unable to host events because… all together now: “The pandemic hit and all performances were canceled.” In light of this change in plans–a real theater instead of a barn–maybe I need to be...
What are people saying about our shows?
About We Own This Now:
I’m so grateful to have attended last night’s performance in Leola, PA. As you may know, there’s a 42″ high-pressure shale gas pipeline being built across Lancaster County. It meant a lot to me that you spoke of our issues in the play. The teaching you’re doing is incredibly important.
-Don P.
About Listening for Grace:
During the talk back, two men stood: one the father of young gay man, and the other a young gay man himself. Through tears, each shared that Ted & Co had accurately and movingly told their respective stories. The young man went on to share that seeing the show inspired in him more compassion for his own parents and for his home congregation. I can't imagine a better testimony to the power of this production to not only open space for conversation, but also compassion and transformation.
-Megan Ramer
More Kind Words
Preview our live shows available for booking in your community.
Portraits of Resilience Tour
I’d Like to Buy an Enemy 2.0 – The Fear Version
Holy Surprises
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Download our videos for use in church services, gatherings and meetings.
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The Growing Seed
The Sower and the Seed
Want to Book a Show?
Subscribe to our email list for updates and reflections from Ted.
© 2021 Ted & Company TheaterWorks | Site Admin
Keep up-to-date on Ted & Co events and performances with periodic alerts (no more than once a month)
Email johnsmith@example.com
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Happy Endings is officially done, new Game of Thrones prince, new podcast and more!
By Jeevan Brar on June 29, 2013 The TV Watercooler
— So this is like the worst news ever (this week — at least). Sony TV has ended their search for a new home for our beloved series, Happy Endings. It’s really really sad. TBS and even NBC were considered after talks between Sony and USA Network ended earlier this month. Ugh, sucks to you ABC. According to TV Line, the actors can now officially look for new jobs as their contracts with the show have ended.
— The first major casting announcement for Game of Thrones‘ fourth season: Chilean actor Pedro Pascal has joined the series as Prince Oberyn Martell aka the Red Viper. This guy’s sister was killed by the Lannisters when the Mad King was overthrown.
— So many people are leaving Glee you guys and I’m not just talking about the four people who still watch the show. Original cast members Heather Morris (Brittany), Mark Salling (Puck), Amber Riley (Mercedes) and Harry Shum Jr. (Mike) are all out. Oh, say what? It’s not 2009 anymore? You don’t really care? Okay then.
— TPTB at Anger Management have given Brian Austin Green a full-time job.
— David Bowie has been offered a role on NBC’s Hannibal. I say go for it, because it brings Bowie to Toronto (where the show films in case you didn’t know).
— Sony Pictures wants to make a Captain Planet movie.
— FX is looking to adapt Last of the Mohicans as a limited series.
— Yes! Ken Marino will return as Vinnie Van Lowe in the Veronica Mars movie…he’ll also have a recurring role in the final season of Eastbound & Down.
— Over at MSN.ca, we have a list of the best “shot in Canada” TV shows…check it out here.
— General Hospital‘s Kelly Sullivan (Connie, once-upon-a-DID Kate) confirmed her exit from the show. She also took to soc-media to let fans know that her exit had nothing to do with her contract being up, she’s simply being written off the show.
— In this week’s We Have No Friends podcast, we discussed Under the Dome, Divergent, Big Brother 15, Mad Men and more. Check it out:
Anger Management Brian Austin Green Captain Planet David Bowie Eastbound & Down FX Game of Thrones General Hospital Glee Happy Endings Ken Marino Podcast Veronica Mars
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Jeevan Brar
Jeevan Brar is a digital content producer and freelance entertainment writer based in Toronto. Jeevan has managed The TV Watercooler since 2008, the Canadian blog has focused on daytime soaps, primetime hits and reality TV guilty pleasures. The blog has also connected Canadian soap fans with exclusive interviews with the cast of enduring daytime dramas The Young and the Restless, Days of our Lives, General Hospital and The Bold and the Beautiful. 'Like' The TV Watercooler on Facebook. You can also follow Jeevan on Twitter and Google+.
Big Brother Exit Interview: Daniele Briones
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Impact of circuit resistance training on leg strength among University players from different discipline
AUTHOR(S): Dr. P Kumaravelu and K Govindasamy
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of circuit resistance training programme on leg strength among university players from different discipline. To achieve this purpose, 30 male university represented players from different discipline were randomly selected as subjects from various departments of Tamilnadu physical education and sports University, Chennai Tamilnadu. The age of the subjects were ranged from 18 to 25 years. The subjects were further classified at random into two equal groups of 15 subjects each in which group - I underwent circuit resistance training programme for three days per week for eight weeks and group - II acted as control who were not undergo any special training programme. The selected criterion variables such as leg strength were assessed before and after the training period. The collected data were statistically analysed by using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). From the results of the study it was found that there was a significant improvement on leg strength for circuit resistance training group when compared with the control group.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/yogic.2018.v3.i1c.08
Dr. P Kumaravelu, K Govindasamy. Impact of circuit resistance training on leg strength among University players from different discipline. Int J Yogic Hum Mov Sports Sciences 2018;3(1):158-159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22271/yogic.2018.v3.i1c.08
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Investigations/News
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Home»News»Investigations»More woes for BR Express
More woes for BR Express
Admin / March 31, 2016 / 116
Was the launch rushed?
CEO says the train is brand new
He adds that it will take long for it to be profitable
No water, toilets out of order.
SESUPO RANTSIMAKO and OAITSE MATHALA
The recently re-launched Botswana Railways (BR) passenger train which was unveiled last week under the brand name, BR Express is incomplete as a number of some of the key modern features that it carries are not operational as was promised by the authorities.
While the coaches that are currently in operation have state of the art features unlike the old one, some of the services are yet to start operations and the contractor is yet to finish installing other components.
Among other features that are yet to be added to the train, in addition to the sleeper coaches, are the ramps for people living with disabilities, which are also said to be still at a manufacturing process; Wi-Fi is not working, seats are not yet numbered, and as of this past Saturday when one of these reporters traveled for the second time in one of these trains from Francistown to Gaborone, taps did not have running water while some toilets were labeled as being out of order.
Air conditioners in some of the coaches were also not functioning and this resulted in passengers being moved to coaches with working air conditioners. Two personnel wearing jackets labeled Transnet Engineering were spotted moving between coaches fixing several defects.
When complete, the train will be divided into three sections; the Standard Seater, Business Seater, and the Sleeper Coach. However, the train was launched without the latter as it is also said to be still at a design stage. The sleeper coach is still at the manufacturers, it is still at design stage. The expectation is to have that particular coach around June this year, BR Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Dominic Ntwaagae told journalists in a press briefing.
Ntwaagae indicated that they had already awarded the Wi-Fi services but there were issues that needed to be resolved with the service provider. He said it would take about two months for the Wi-Fi service to be accessible to passengers.
As for the numbering of seats, Ntwaagae was not specific, but said the matter would be resolved in the near future. On technical problems experienced during the trains maiden journey, he pointed out that since the train had just arrived, they could not rule out mechanical defects, highlighting that there was a two-year defect liability period. That is why it is put in place. We have people on the ground addressing any problems we might encounter, he said.
The new train experienced technical problems when it was supposed to depart Francistown for Lobatse on Wednesday night. Passengers were left stranded for eight hours after the train failed to depart on the scheduled time (2100hours), but only managed to leave Francistown at 0500hours on Thursday, the time it should have been arriving in Gaborone. According to the CEO, the delay was caused by a malfunctioning of power generator which operates air conditioners and power lights inside the coaches.
BR entered into a R280 million agreement with Transnet Engineering, for the latter to supply them with 37 coaches. The contract for the coaches is R280 million, and we are still in budget with that money, so it is not exhausted, Ntwaagae said, indicating that they are still paying Transnet as it was not a once-off payment agreement.
Responding to a question as to whether the coaches were new, or were second hand as alleged in various local news reports, the CEO said the coaches were brand new. As regards to the investigation that the Directorate on Corruption and Economic Crime (DCEC) carried on them, he confirmed that there was an investigation that the DCEC carried but was not in a position to comment on that as the investigations were ongoing. They did come, they asked questions and we answered. If they want to ask more, we will answer, he said.
Meanwhile, Ntwaagae has noted that it will take a while before the train could be profitable and explained why the ticket prices were high: It is very difficult for passenger trains to make profit, it is not easy. What we have done is, we have actually taken all the costs, including overhaul, the running costs and so forth, and we put them into the equation, these are some of the things that actually drive the prices to go up, he said.
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The Hug and Pint
Home Merch! ORDER FOOD About Us Contact What's On
432 & Crosstown Concerts presents:
The Family Rain
The Hug and Pint, Glasgow, GB
Tue, Sep 22, 2020 7:30 PM
Entry Requirements: 18+
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The three brothers from Bath, fuse blues and rock with the close-knit energy and intricacy that runs through brotherly bonds. Releasing their Jim Abbiss produced debut album Under The Volcano in 2014 - it was full of iron riffs, innovative percussion, and clever wordplay that pulled their classic rock afflictions into juggernauting modern day grooves.
Live they are something else – a three pronged attack of ferocious sound blended with insidious melodies. They exhude a noise and intensity that could only be produced by three brothers who know each other inside out. The band is raring to go with their as-yet-untitled new album, recorded at Rockfield Studios with producer and close friend Tom Dalgety (Royal Blood, Turbowolf). Once more, The Family Rain’s nagging melodies combine with heavy, metallic riffs to produce searing rock music of intelligence and wit.
"Exhilarating to the very end." - NME
"Sounds all right? No, sounds absolutely bloody brilliant. Tell everyone." - Sunday Times
"Brothers from Bath making bluesy rock n roll and predicted to pack out festivals pretty soon." - i-D Magazine
"…a scuzzy, Kings-Of-Leon-before-they-were-massive-style take on sleazy blues rock." Q Magazine
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Director, Campaign Planning & Strategy, UMG eCommerce (Interscope Geffen A&M) at Universal Music Group in Santa Monica, CA
Brand Marketing & Management, Marketing Research & Analysis
Interscope Geffen A&M Records (“IGA”) is home to some of the biggest artists in the world including Eminem, Kendrick Lamar, J Cole, Lady Gaga, Billie Eilish, Selena Gomez, DaBaby, and many more. Since 1991, IGA’s artists have consistently redefined the sound of popular music across genres and continue to shape the landscape of culture at large. As a leader in the music industry, we are always looking for talented and driven individuals to join our family.
How we LEAD:
Merchandise and commerce are becoming part of the fabric of music culture. For artists, it’s a way to develop and further articulate their brand. For fans, it’s another pathway to connecting with an artist and the culture they represent.
Interscope is seeking an entrepreneurial and driven storyteller to join the UMG eCommerce team as a Director of Campaign Planning & Strategy. In this role, you will develop the creative strategy and narrative across IGA’s eCommerce campaigns, working in close partnership with Interscope’s creative teams. Candidates must be highly focused, with a proven track record of delivering innovative and disruptive campaigns that match the creativity and innovation of Interscope’s roster of groundbreaking artists.
How you’ll CREATE:
Lead creative strategy and campaign planning to drive artist and Interscope eCommerce goals.
Work collaboratively with label creative and other creative resources—artist team members, freelance designers, merchandise companies, etc.—to bring artist brand and campaign narratives to life across product, site experience, and marketing creative.
Develop rich storytelling through multi-faceted, multi-channel campaigns that include content strategy, social, CRM, media buys, influencers, and broader campaigns.
Manage projects with the label and eCommerce creative teams to develop and produce lifestyle and marketing content in support of campaign strategy, product, and site experience.
Work with the insights and advanced analytics teams to leverage historic and audience data to inform campaign, creative, and merchandising strategy.
Develop seasonal brand calendars to guide store planning.
Communicate directly with the label and artist teams (where applicable) alongside cross-functional team members to sell through campaign and creative strategies + plans.
Act as campaign lead across Interscope product launches and accompanying activations, developing a strategic, well-communicated plan for fan messaging throughout the customer journey.
Work hand in hand with teammates across artist engagement, marketing & customer engagement, store management, operations & customer service to collectively deliver a great customer experience to our fans and Interscope’s artists.
Bring your VIBE:
5-7+ years’ experience managing creative and/or eCommerce campaigns from ideation to execution, preferably in music or fashion/retail.
Deep understanding of brand differentiation across artists and music genres, particularly within the Interscope roster.
Established track record of effectively communicating and selling through strategies and campaign plans.
Solid understanding of consumer behavior and digital marketing trends across social media, CRM, and media buying.
Deep understanding of eCommerce, specifically trends and best practices as they apply to the fan to artist relationship.
Exceptional verbal and written abilities — communication skills are essential (both internally and externally).
Self-starter attitude capable of owning important responsibilities and seeing them through to completion with little oversight.
Strong critical thinking skills and an ability to make informed decisions based on data.
Strong passion for the music industry.
Proficiency in Microsoft Office (particularly PowerPoint) and Mac OS.
Photoshop and InDesign experience a plus.
Bachelor’s degree in music business, fashion/retail, marketing, creative, or a related field.
Perks Playlist:
Competitive Compensation Package including Salary, Benefits and Generous 401k Savings Plan
Paid Time Off – Paid Holidays, “Gift Week”, Summer Fridays
Student Loan Repayment Assistance
Employee Developmental Support
Annual Gym Reimbursement Package
Pet Insurance, plus much more!
Universal Music Group is an Equal Opportunity Employer
About Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group is an American global music corporation that is majority owned by the French media conglomerate Vivendi, with Chinese tech company Tencent owning a minority stake. UMG's global corporate headquarters are located in Santa Monica, California. The biggest music company in the world, it is one of the "Big Three" record labels, along with Sony Music and Warner Music Group. Ten percent of Universal Music Group was acquired by Tencent in March 2020 for US$3 billion. In 2019, Fast Company named Universal Music Group the most innovative music company and listed UMG among the Top 50 most innovative companies in the world and "amid the music industry's digital transformation, Universal is redefining what a modern label should look like." UMG has signed licensing agreements with more than 400 platforms worldwide.
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