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__label__cc	0.517204	0.482796	GLIPIZIDE by Direct_Rx GLIPIZIDE tablet GLIPIZIDE by Direct_Rx GLIPIZIDE by Drug Facts GLIPIZIDE by is a Prescription medication manufactured, distributed, or labeled by Direct_Rx. Drug facts, warnings, and ingredients follow. Glipizide is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class. The Chemical Abstracts name of glipizide is 1-cyclohexyl-3-[[p-[2-(5-methylpyrazine-carboxamido)ethyl]phenyl]sulfonyl]urea. The molecular formula is C21H27N5O4S; the molecular weight is 445.55; the structural formula is shown below: Glipizide is a whitish, odorless powder with a pKa of 5.9. It is insoluble in water and alcohols, but soluble in 0.1 N NaOH; it is freely soluble in dimethylformamide. Glipizide tablets, USP for oral use are available in 5 and 10 mg strengths. Inert ingredients are: anhydrous lactose; colloidal silicon dioxide; magnesium stearate; sodium starch glycolate. Meets USP Dissolution Test 2. The primary mode of action of glipizide in experimental animals appears to be the stimulation of insulin secretion from the beta cells of pancreatic islet tissue and is thus dependent on functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. In humans, glipizide appears to lower the blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which glipizide lowers blood glucose during long-term administration has not been clearly established. In man, stimulation of insulin secretion by glipizide in response to a meal is undoubtedly of major importance. Fasting insulin levels are not elevated even on long-term glipizide administration, but the postprandial insulin response continues to be enhanced after at least 6 months of treatment. The insulinotropic response to a meal occurs within 30 minutes after an oral dose of glipizide in diabetic patients, but elevated insulin levels do not persist beyond the time of the meal challenge. Extrapancreatic effects may play a part in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. Blood sugar control persists in some patients for up to 24 hours after a single dose of glipizide, even though plasma levels have declined to a small fraction of peak levels by that time (see Pharmacokinetics below). Some patients fail to respond initially, or gradually lose their responsiveness to sulfonylurea drugs, including glipizide. Alternatively, glipizide may be effective in some patients who have not responded or have ceased to respond to other sulfonylureas. It has been shown that glipizide therapy was effective in controlling blood sugar without deleterious changes in the plasma lipoprotein profiles of patients treated for NIDDM. In a placebo-controlled, crossover study in normal volunteers, glipizide had no antidiuretic activity and, in fact, led to a slight increase in free water clearance. Gastrointestinal absorption of glipizide in man is uniform, rapid, and essentially complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. The half-life of elimination ranges from 2 to 4 hours in normal subjects, whether given intravenously or orally. The metabolic and excretory patterns are similar with the two routes of administration, indicating that first-pass metabolism is not significant. Glipizide does not accumulate in plasma on repeated oral administration. Total absorption and disposition of an oral dose was unaffected by food in normal volunteers, but absorption was delayed by about 40 minutes. Thus, glipizide was more effective when administered about 30 minutes before, rather than with, a test meal in diabetic patients. Protein binding was studied in serum from volunteers who received either oral or intravenous glipizide and found to be 98 to 99% one hour after either route of administration. The apparent volume of distribution of glipizide after intravenous administration was 11 liters, indicative of localization within the extracellular fluid compartment. In mice, no glipizide or metabolites were detectable autoradiographically in the brain or spinal cord of males or females, nor in the fetuses of pregnant females. In another study, however, very small amounts of radioactivity were detected in the fetuses of rats given labeled drug. The metabolism of glipizide is extensive and occurs mainly in the liver. The primary metabolites are inactive hydroxylation products and polar conjugates and are excreted mainly in the urine. Less than 10% unchanged glipizide is found in the urine. INDICATIONS & USAGE Glipizide tablets are indicated as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Glipizide is contraindicated in patients with: 1. Known hypersensitivity to the drug. 2. Type 1 diabetes mellitus, diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma. This condition should be treated with insulin. SPECIAL WARNING ON INCREASED RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY The administration of oral hypoglycemic drugs has been reported to be associated with increased cardiovascular mortality as compared to treatment with diet alone or diet plus insulin. This warning is based on the study conducted by the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), a long-term prospective clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of glucose-lowering drugs in preventing or delaying vascular complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The study involved 823 patients who were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups (Diabetes, 19, supp. 2: 747-830, 1970). UGDP reported that patients treated for 5 to 8 years with diet plus a fixed dose of tolbutamide (1.5 grams per day) had a rate of cardiovascular mortality approximately 21/2 times that of patients treated with diet alone. A significant increase in total mortality was not observed, but the use of tolbutamide was discontinued based on the increase in cardiovascular mortality, thus limiting the opportunity for the study to show an increase in overall mortality. Despite controversy regarding the interpretation of these results, the findings of the UGDP study provide an adequate basis for this warning. The patient should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of glipizide and of alternative modes of therapy. Although only one drug in the sulfonylurea class (tolbutamide) was included in this study, it is prudent from a safety standpoint to consider that this warning may also apply to other oral hypoglycemic drugs in this class, in view of their close similarities in mode of action and chemical structure. Macrovascular Outcomes There have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with glipizide or any other anti-diabetic drug. Renal and Hepatic Disease The metabolism and excretion of glipizide may be slowed in patients with impaired renal and/or hepatic function. If hypoglycemia should occur in such patients, it may be prolonged and appropriate management should be instituted. All sulfonylurea drugs are capable of producing severe hypoglycemia. Proper patient selection, dosage, and instructions are important to avoid hypoglycemic episodes. Renal or hepatic insufficiency may cause elevated blood levels of glipizide and the latter may also diminish gluconeogenic capacity, both of which increase the risk of serious hypoglycemic reactions. Elderly, debilitated or malnourished patients, and those with adrenal or pituitary insufficiency, are particularly susceptible to the hypoglycemic action of glucose-lowering drugs. Hypoglycemia may be difficult to recognize in the elderly, and in people who are taking beta-adrenergic blocking drugs. Hypoglycemia is more likely to occur when caloric intake is deficient, after severe or prolonged exercise, when alcohol is ingested, or when more than one glucose-lowering drug is used. Loss of Control of Blood Glucose When a patient stabilized on any diabetic regimen is exposed to stress such as fever, trauma, infection, or surgery, a loss of control may occur. At such times, it may be necessary to discontinue glipizide and administer insulin. The effectiveness of any oral hypoglycemic drug, including glipizide, in lowering blood glucose to a desired level decreases in many patients over a period of time, which may be due to progression of the severity of the diabetes or to diminished responsiveness to the drug. This phenomenon is known as secondary failure, to distinguish it from primary failure in which the drug is ineffective in an individual patient when first given. Treatment of patients with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with sulfonylurea agents can lead to hemolytic anemia. Because glipizide belongs to the class of sulfonylurea agents, caution should be used in patients with G6PD deficiency and a non-sulfonylurea alternative should be considered. In post-marketing reports, hemolytic anemia has also been reported in patients who did not have known G6PD deficiency. Blood and urine glucose should be monitored periodically. Measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin may be useful. Patients should be informed of the potential risks and advantages of glipizide and of alternative modes of therapy. They should also be informed about the importance of adhering to dietary instructions, of a regular exercise program, and of regular testing of urine and/or blood glucose. The risks of hypoglycemia, its symptoms and treatment, and conditions that predispose to its development should be explained to patients and responsible family members. Primary and secondary failure should also be explained. Physician Counseling Information for Patients In initiating treatment for type 2 diabetes, diet should be emphasized as the primary form of treatment. Caloric restriction and weight loss are essential in the obese diabetic patient. Proper dietary management alone may be effective in controlling the blood glucose and symptoms of hyperglycemia. The importance of regular physical activity should also be stressed, and cardiovascular risk factors should be identified and corrective measures taken where possible. Use of glipizide or other antidiabetic medications must be viewed by both the physician and patient as a treatment in addition to diet and not as a substitution or as a convenient mechanism for avoiding dietary restraint. Furthermore, loss of blood glucose control on diet alone may be transient, thus requiring only short-term administration of glipizide or other antidiabetic medications. Maintenance or discontinuation of glipizide or other antidiabetic medications should be based on clinical judgment using regular clinical and laboratory evaluations. The hypoglycemic action of sulfonylureas may be potentiated by certain drugs including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, some azoles, and other drugs that are highly protein bound, salicylates, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, probenecid, coumarins, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, quinolones and beta adrenergic blocking agents. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving glipizide, the patient should be observed closely for hypoglycemia. When such drugs are withdrawn from a patient receiving glipizide, the patient should be observed closely for loss of control. In vitro binding studies with human serum proteins indicate that glipizide binds differently than tolbutamide and does not interact with salicylate or dicumarol. However, caution must be exercised in extrapolating these findings to the clinical situation and in the use of glipizide with these drugs. Certain drugs tend to produce hyperglycemia and may lead to loss of control. These drugs include the thiazides and other diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid products, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blocking drugs, and isoniazid. When such drugs are administered to a patient receiving glipizide, the patient should be closely observed for loss of control. When such drugs are withdrawn from a patient receiving glipizide, the patient should be observed closely for hypoglycemia. A potential interaction between oral miconazole and oral hypoglycemic agents leading to severe hypoglycemia has been reported. Whether this interaction also occurs with the intravenous, topical, or vaginal preparations of miconazole is not known. The effect of concomitant administration of fluconazole and glipizide has been demonstrated in a placebo-controlled crossover study in normal volunteers. All subjects received glipizide alone and following treatment with 100 mg of fluconazole as a single daily oral dose for 7 days. The mean percentage increase in the glipizide AUC after fluconazole administration was 56.9% (range: 35 to 81). In studies assessing the effect of colesevelam on the pharmacokinetics of glipizide ER in healthy volunteers, reductions in glipizide AUC0-∞ and Cmax of 12% and 13%, respectively were observed when colesevelam was coadministered with glipizide ER. When glipizide ER was administered 4 hours prior to colesevelam, there was no significant change in glipizide AUC0-∞ or Cmax, -4% and 0%, respectively. Therefore, glipizide should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam to ensure that colesevelam does not reduce the absorption of glipizide. Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility A twenty month study in rats and an eighteen month study in mice at doses up to 75 times the maximum human dose revealed no evidence of drug-related carcinogenicity. Bacterial and in vivo mutagenicity tests were uniformly negative. Studies in rats of both sexes at doses up to 75 times the human dose showed no effects on fertility. Pregnancy Category C Glipizide was found to be mildly fetotoxic in rat reproductive studies at all dose levels (5 to 50 mg/kg). This fetotoxicity has been similarly noted with other sulfonylureas, such as tolbutamide and tolazamide. The effect is perinatal and believed to be directly related to the pharmacologic (hypoglycemic) action of glipizide. In studies in rats and rabbits, no teratogenic effects were found. There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women. Glipizide should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Because recent information suggests that abnormal blood glucose levels during pregnancy are associated with a higher incidence of congenital abnormalities, many experts recommend that insulin be used during pregnancy to maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Nonteratogenic Effects Prolonged severe hypoglycemia (4 to 10 days) has been reported in neonates born to mothers who were receiving a sulfonylurea drug at the time of delivery. This has been reported more frequently with the use of agents with prolonged half-lives. If glipizide is used during pregnancy, it should be discontinued at least one month before the expected delivery date. Nursing Mothers Although it is not known whether glipizide is excreted in human milk, some sulfonylurea drugs are known to be excreted in human milk. Because the potential for hypoglycemia in nursing infants may exist, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or to discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother. If the drug is discontinued and if diet alone is inadequate for controlling blood glucose, insulin therapy should be considered. Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established. Geriatric Use A determination has not been made whether controlled clinical studies of glipizide included sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to define a difference in response from younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy. In U.S. and foreign controlled studies, the frequency of serious adverse reactions reported was very low. Of 702 patients, 11.8% reported adverse reactions and in only 1.5% was glipizide discontinued. See PRECAUTIONS and OVERDOSAGE sections. Gastrointestinal disturbances are the most common reactions. Gastrointestinal complaints were reported with the following approximate incidence: nausea and diarrhea, one in seventy; constipation and gastralgia, one in one hundred. They appear to be dose-related and may disappear on division or reduction of dosage. Cholestatic jaundice may occur rarely with sulfonylureas: glipizide should be discontinued if this occurs. Allergic skin reactions including erythema, morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions, urticaria, pruritus, and eczema have been reported in about one in seventy patients. These may be transient and may disappear despite continued use of glipizide; if skin reactions persist, the drug should be discontinued. Porphyria cutanea tarda and photosensitivity reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas. Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia (see PRECAUTIONS), aplastic anemia, and pancytopenia have been reported with sulfonylureas. Hepatic porphyria and disulfiram-like reactions have been reported with sulfonylureas. In the mouse, glipizide pretreatment did not cause an accumulation of acetaldehyde after ethanol administration. Clinical experience to date has shown that glipizide has an extremely low incidence of disulfiram-like alcohol reactions. Endocrine Reactions Cases of hyponatremia and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion have been reported with this and other sulfonylureas. Dizziness, drowsiness, and headache have each been reported in about one in fifty patients treated with glipizide. They are usually transient and seldom require discontinuance of therapy. The pattern of laboratory test abnormalities observed with glipizide was similar to that for other sulfonylureas. Occasional mild to moderate elevations of SGOT, LDH, alkaline phosphatase, BUN, and creatinine were noted. One case of jaundice was reported. The relationship of these abnormalities to glipizide is uncertain, and they have rarely been associated with clinical symptoms. The following adverse events have been reported in post-marketing surveillance: Cholestatic and hepatocellular forms of liver injury accompanied by jaundice have been reported rarely in association with glipizide; glipizide should be discontinued if this occurs. There is no well documented experience with glipizide overdosage. The acute oral toxicity was extremely low in all species tested (LD50 greater than 4 g/kg). Overdosage of sulfonylureas, including glipizide, can produce hypoglycemia. Mild hypoglycemic symptoms without loss of consciousness or neurologic findings should be treated aggressively with oral glucose and adjustments in drug dosage and/or meal patterns. Close monitoring should continue until the physician is assured that the patient is out of danger. Severe hypoglycemic reactions with coma, seizure, or other neurological impairment occur infrequently, but constitute medical emergencies requiring immediate hospitalization. If hypoglycemic coma is diagnosed or suspected, the patient should be given a rapid intravenous injection of concentrated (50%) glucose solution. This should be followed by a continuous infusion of a more dilute (10%) glucose solution at a rate that will maintain the blood glucose at a level above 100 mg/dL. Patients should be closely monitored for a minimum of 24 to 48 hours since hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Clearance of glipizide from plasma would be prolonged in persons with liver disease. Because of the extensive protein binding of glipizide, dialysis is unlikely to be of benefit. DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION There is no fixed dosage regimen for the management of diabetes mellitus with glipizide or any other hypoglycemic agent. In addition to the usual monitoring of urinary glucose, the patient's blood glucose must also be monitored periodically to determine the minimum effective dose for the patient; to detect primary failure, i.e., inadequate lowering of blood glucose at the maximum recommended dose of medication; and to detect secondary failure, i.e., loss of an adequate blood-glucose-lowering response after an initial period of effectiveness. Glycosylated hemoglobin levels may also be of value in monitoring the patient's response to therapy. Short-term administration of glipizide may be sufficient during periods of transient loss of control in patients usually controlled well on diet. In general, glipizide tablets should be given approximately 30 minutes before a meal to achieve the greatest reduction in postprandial hyperglycemia. Initial Dose The recommended starting dose is 5 mg, given before breakfast. Geriatric patients or those with liver disease may be started on 2.5 mg. Dosage adjustments should ordinarily be in increments of 2.5 to 5 mg, as determined by blood glucose response. At least several days should elapse between titration steps. If response to a single dose is not satisfactory, dividing that dose may prove effective. The maximum recommended once daily dose is 15 mg. Doses above 15 mg should ordinarily be divided and given before meals of adequate caloric content. The maximum recommended total daily dose is 40 mg. Some patients may be effectively controlled on a once-a-day regimen, while others show better response with divided dosing. Total daily doses above 15 mg should ordinarily be divided. Total daily doses above 30 mg have been safely given on a b.i.d. basis to long-term patients. In elderly patients, debilitated or malnourished patients, and patients with impaired renal or hepatic function, the initial and maintenance dosing should be conservative to avoid hypoglycemic reactions (see PRECAUTIONS section). Patients Receiving Insulin As with other sulfonylurea-class hypoglycemics, many stable non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients receiving insulin may be safely placed on glipizide. When transferring patients from insulin to glipizide, the following general guidelines should be considered: For patients whose daily insulin requirement is 20 units or less, insulin may be discontinued and glipizide therapy may begin at usual dosages. Several days should elapse between glipizide titration steps. For patients whose daily insulin requirement is greater than 20 units, the insulin dose should be reduced by 50% and glipizide therapy may begin at usual dosages. Subsequent reductions in insulin dosage should depend on individual patient response. Several days should elapse between glipizide titration steps. During the insulin withdrawal period, the patient should test urine samples for sugar and ketone bodies at least three times daily. Patients should be instructed to contact the prescriber immediately if these tests are abnormal. In some cases, especially when patient has been receiving greater than 40 units of insulin daily, it may be advisable to consider hospitalization during the transition period. Patients Receiving Other Oral Hypoglycemic Agents As with other sulfonylurea-class hypoglycemics, no transition period is necessary when transferring patients to glipizide. Patients should be observed carefully (1 to 2 weeks) for hypoglycemia when being transferred from longer half-life sulfonylureas (e.g., chlorpropamide) to glipizide due to potential overlapping of drug effect. When colesevelam is coadministered with glipizide ER, maximum plasma concentration and total exposure to glipizide is reduced. Therefore, glipizide should be administered at least 4 hours prior to colesevelam. HOW SUPPLIED Glipizide Tablets, USP are supplied as white to off-white, round, scored tablets, imprinted as follows: 5 mg- “APO” on the side and “GLP” over bisect “5” on the other side; 10 mg- “APO” on one side and “GLP” over bisect “10” on the other side. 5 mg Bottles: 1,000’s 18,000’s 10 mg Bottles: Store at 20˚C to 25˚C (68˚F to 77˚F) [see USP Controlled Room Temperature]. Dispense in a tight, light-resistant container [see USP]. APOTEX INC. GLIPIZIDE TABLETS, USP 5 mg and 10 mg Manufactured by Manufactured for Apotex Inc. Apotex Corp. Toronto, Ontario Weston, Florida Canada M9L 1T9 USA 33326 Revised: May 2017 Rev. 8 glipizide tablet Product Type HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG Item Code (Source) NDC: 61919-287(NDC:60505-0142) GLIPIZIDE (UNII: X7WDT95N5C) (GLIPIZIDE - UNII:X7WDT95N5C) GLIPIZIDE 10 mg ANHYDROUS LACTOSE (UNII: 3SY5LH9PMK) SILICON DIOXIDE (UNII: ETJ7Z6XBU4) MAGNESIUM STEARATE (UNII: 70097M6I30) SODIUM STARCH GLYCOLATE TYPE A POTATO (UNII: 5856J3G2A2) Color white Score 2 pieces Shape ROUND Size 8mm Flavor Imprint Code APO;GLP;10 NDC: 61919-287-82 180 in 1 BOTTLE; Type 0: Not a Combination Product 08/20/2019 ANDA ANDA075795 08/20/2019 Labeler - Direct_Rx (079254320) Registrant - Direct_Rx (079254320) Direct_Rx 079254320 repack(61919-287)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16894
__label__wiki	0.732165	0.732165	EUR-Lex - 52011PC0593 - EN Document 52011PC0593 Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation /* COM/2011/0593 final - 2011/0254 (NLE) / Date of document: Date of dispatch: 29/09/2011; Forwarded to the Council 29/09/2011; Forwarded to the Parliament Date of end of validity: 05/12/2013; Adopted by 32013L0059 EUROVOC descriptor: radioactive pollution apparatus based on the use of rays carcinogenic substance ionising radiation nuclear accident Subject matter: Safety at work and elsewhere Directory code: 15.10.20.10 Environment, consumers and health protection / Environment / Pollution and nuisances / Nuclear safety and radioactive waste 15.20.30.00 Environment, consumers and health protection / Consumers / Protection of health and safety Proposal for a directive NLE 2011/0254 Procedure number: 2011/0254/NLE European Parliament - Legislative observatory Relationship between documents Treaty: Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community Legal basis: 12010A031 Adopted act: 32013L0059 Select all documents based on this document Select all legislative procedures based on this document Select all documents mentioning this document Subsequent related instruments: ESC Opinion 52012AE0488 Related document(s): 52011SC1098 Relation 52011SC1098 Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation / COM/2011/0593 final - 2011/0254 (NLE) */ EXPLANATORY MEMORANDUM Exposure to ionising radiation results in a health detriment. In normal situations doses are very low so that there is no clinically observable tissue effect, but there still is a possible late effect, cancer in particular. It is assumed that there is no dose threshold for this effect: any exposure, however small, can be the cause of cancer later in life. It is further assumed that the probability of occurrence of a late effect is proportional to the dose. This calls for a specific approach in radiation protection based on the three principles of justification, optimisation and dose limitation, which are the cornerstones of the system of protection established many decades ago by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). Euratom legislation has always followed the recommendations of the ICRP. This highly respected scientific organisation has recently issued new guidance on the system of radiation protection (Publication 103, 2007). While preserving the three pillars of the system, the ICRP sets out in more detail the application of the principles throughout any exposure situation and irrespective whether the source of radiation is man-made or natural. Radiation protection indeed covers not only exposures resulting from the operation of radiation sources (planned exposure situations), but also emergency exposure situations, for instance resulting from a nuclear accident, and a range of other situations, in particular those involving exposure to natural radiation sources, termed ‘existing exposure situations’. The ICRP has also updated the methodology for assessment of the effective dose as well as the application of dose limits, in the light of the latest scientific information. A large proportion of workers in industries processing naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) receive doses above the dose limit for members of the public, but still do not benefit from protection as occupationally exposed workers. This anomaly is not sustainable, so the ICRP’s new Recommendations aim to integrate natural radiation sources within the overall system. Already in 1996, the current Euratom legislation[1] had introduced requirements for work activities involving natural radiation sources. These were put together in a separate Title rather than being integrated within the overall radiation protection framework. In addition, maximum flexibility was offered to Member States to decide for instance which NORM industries were of concern. This has led to wide differences in controlling NORM industries and in protecting workers in these industries. This situation is not compatible with Euratom’s role in setting uniform standards. Exposure to indoor radon, a natural radioactive noble gas entering dwellings from the soil below, is far more important than exposure from any other radiation source. Recent epidemiological studies have confirmed that lung cancer may be caused by exposure to radon, and WHO[2] now ranks this as a major health issue[3]. Exposure to radon in dwellings was addressed in 1990 in a Commission Recommendation. The confirmed causation of lung cancer by exposure to radon calls for strengthening radon mitigation policies in Europe through binding requirements. Radioactivity in building materials has been included in the Construction Products Directive[4], but this has still not led to any corresponding standards being adopted by the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN). The revision of the Basic Safety Standards (BSS) Directive will not only address the recycling of residues from NORM industries into building materials, but also ensure coherent and harmonised protection against other building materials with enhanced levels of radioactivity. In addition to the health protection of people, the ICRP radiation protection system now addresses the protection of biota against exposure to ionising radiation. While it is generally assumed that the exposure of biota does not call for additional measures, this assumption now needs to be demonstrated through compliance with criteria and on the basis of an agreed methodology. There is a significant body of Euratom legislation addressing different radiation protection issues defined as basic safety standards in the Euratom Treaty. As these issues have developed over a long period of time, there are inevitably quite a few inconsistencies between different acts and also obsolete references as a result of updated legislation. These inconsistencies need to be resolved, in line with the Commission’s policy for simplification of European legislation. The problem can be summarised as follows: - Scientific progress is not fully reflected in present legislation; - There are inconsistencies between the existing pieces of legislation; - The scope of the present legislation does not fully cover natural radiation sources or the protection of the environment. This translates into four specific objectives: - to introduce the necessary subject-matter amendments in order to respond to the latest scientific data and operational experience, - to clarify the requirements and to ensure coherence within the body of European legislation, - to ensure coherence with the international recommendations, - to cover the whole range of exposure situations and categories of exposure. 1.2. Subsidiarity According to Article 2(b) of the Euratom Treaty ‘… the Community shall, as provided in this Treaty … establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied’. Accordingly, in the Treaty’s preamble, the Member States declare that they are ‘resolved to create the conditions necessary for the development of a strong nuclear industry’ and also ‘anxious to create conditions of safety necessary to eliminate hazards to the life and health of the public’. Euratom is mandated to ‘establish uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and of the general public and ensure that they are applied.’ Therefore, Euratom’s competence to regulate in the field of health protection against ionising radiation is explicitly recognised by the Euratom Treaty. The exclusive nature of Euratom’s legislative powers under Articles 30 and 31 of the Euratom Treaty does not in principle require the application of the principle of subsidiarity. These Articles require the Commission to seek for its legislative proposals the opinion of a Group of Experts designated by the Euratom Scientific and Technical Committee. 1.3. Current legislation Following the entry into force of the Euratom Treaty, a comprehensive set of legislation establishing basic safety standards has been enacted on the basis of Article 31 of the Treaty. The main pillar of that legislation is Council Directive 96/29/Euratom laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation (Euratom BSS Directive). Further legislation based on Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty comprises: - Council Decision 87/600/Euratom of 14 December 1987 on Community arrangements for early exchange of information in the event of a radiological emergency; - Council Regulation 3954/87/Euratom of 22 December 1987 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of foodstuffs and of feedingstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency and the related legislative acts, Commission Regulation 944/89/Euratom of 12 April 1989 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination in minor foodstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency, and Commission Regulation 770/90/Euratom of 29 March 1990 laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of feedingstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency[5]; - Council Directive 89/618/Euratom of 27 November 1989 on informing the general public about health protection measures to be applied and steps to be taken in the event of a radiological emergency (Public Information Directive); - Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom of 21 February 1990 on the protection of the public against indoor exposure to radon; - Council Directive 90/641/Euratom of 4 December 1990 on the operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionising radiation during their activities in controlled areas (Outside Workers Directive); - Council Regulation 1493/93/Euratom of 8 June 1993 on shipments of radioactive substances between Member States; - Council Directive 97/43/Euratom of 30 June 1997 on health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionising radiation in relation to medical exposure, repealing Directive 84/466/Euratom of 3 September 1984 (Medical Directive); - Commission Recommendation 2001/928/Euratom of 20 December 2001 on the protection of the public against exposure to radon in drinking water supplies; - Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources (HASS Directive); - Council Directive 2006/117 of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel; - Council Directive 2009/71/Euratom of 25 June 2009 establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations. The BSS Directive have been regularly updated in 1962, 1966, 1976, 1980, 1984 and 1996, taking account of advances in scientific knowledge of the effects of ionising radiation in line with the recommendations of the ICRP and on the basis of operational experience. Medical exposures have been included in specific legislation since 1984. Specific problem areas are covered in three ‘associated directives’ – the High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources (HASS) Directive, the Outside Workers Directive and the Public Information Directive. An analysis of the legislation enacted under Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty reveals that the Medical Directive, the HASS Directive, the Outside Workers Directive and the Public Information Directive are closely linked with BSS Directive 96/29, in that they develop further the requirements of the BSS Directive or refer to different provisions of the BSS Directive. For this reason the proposal for a new basic safety standard Directive will cover the subject matter and scope of these Directives. The Commission will propose separately a Directive laying down requirements for the protection of the health of the general public with regard to radioactive substances in water intended for human consumption (COM(2011)385). This Euratom Directive will replace an existing Directive 98/83/EC with regard to its application to radioactive substances and complement it with technical annexes on sampling frequencies, methods of analysis and detection levels. The substance matter of this Directive is such that it could be incorporated in a recast with the basic safety standards at an appropriate point in time. At this stage however, since the Directive is intended to merely transpose existing requirements under EC Treaty legislation, in such a way as to avoid any interpretation as to a possible change in substance, it is considered more appropriate not to incorporate it at this stage in a proposal for a revised Basic Safety Standards Directive. In addition, at the time the Article 31 Group of Experts gave its opinion on the revised Basic safety standards Directive, there was still discussion whether a Directive on radioactive substances in water intended for human consumption should be based on Euratom Treaty or EC Treaty. In these circumstances it was decided to proceed with the proposal for a revised Basic Safety Standards Directive as agreed upon in February 2010 by Article 31 Group of Experts. The other legislation based on Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty, as discussed in the Impact Assessment Report, either uses a different instrument, or the scope is essentially outside radiation protection or the legislation is specific to certain types of installation. 1.4. Simplification In 2005 the European Commission published ‘Implementing the Community Lisbon programme: A strategy for the simplification of the regulatory environment: the better regulation initiative’ (COM/2005/535 final) as a response to the European Parliament’s and Council’s requests to simplify EU legislation and enhance its quality. This initiative is the basis for attempting the consolidation of the five Directives mentioned above. It is neither feasible nor useful to recast these Directives with the other pieces of legislation under Title II, Chapter 3 of the Euratom Treaty. 1.5. International context The International Basic Safety Standards reflect an international consensus on what constitutes a high level of safety for protecting people and the environment from the harmful effects of ionising radiation. They are approved by the IAEA Board of Governors and are non-binding in nature. The main document on radiation protection is Safety Standards No 115 ‘International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionising Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources’, IAEA, 1996. In 2006, the IAEA, together with other international organisations (FAO, ILO, the NEA/OECD, PAHO and WHO), embarked upon the revision of Safety Standards No 115. This ongoing activity is also driven by the new ICRP Recommendations in Publication 103, published in 2007. The European Commission has cooperated closely with the IAEA and other international organisations on the revision of the International Basic Safety Standards. However, it should be emphasised that the Euratom Basic Safety Standards Directive is not a means to confer legally binding status on the international requirements. There are two main reasons why referring to or incorporating the international BSS in European legislation is not feasible. On the one hand, the language of the international BSS does not conform to EU legal drafting rules. The international requirements are also sometimes far too detailed and go beyond the idea of ‘basic’ standards in the Euratom Treaty. The requirements of the Euratom BSS also need to take into account internal market rules. On the other hand, the international BSS allow for the fact that countries throughout the world, with different levels of regulatory and technological infrastructure, must be able to comply with them. The European legislation is more ambitious. Euratom is bound by the Treaty to establish uniform basic safety standards. Incorporating the international BSS in a European act is hence not only difficult, but would also be at odds with the major role played by Euratom since 1959 and the significant body of legislation that has already been built up. Nevertheless, the Commission pursues the largest possible coherence between Euratom and international standards, and envisages the eventual sponsorship of the latter on behalf of Euratom. 2. Consultation of interested parties and impact assessment 2.1. Interested parties The Commission (DG ENER) has initiated and supported several projects and studies on specific radiation protection issues, the results of which have been published in the Radiation Protection Series of the European Commission[6]. The various projects, studies and conferences identify challenges to the implementation of the current radiation protection legislation and problem areas that are not sufficiently covered by the current system of protection. In 2009, the Commission launched a consultation on a ‘proposal for new requirements on natural radiation sources in the Basic Safety Standards Directive’. The Working Party ‘Natural Sources’ of the Article 31 Group of Experts proposed a comprehensive approach to the regulation of NORM industries, radon and building materials. This document was published on the Commission website and was also highlighted on the EANNORM website[7]. The consultation ran from 02 February 2009 to 20 April 2009. The revision of the Euratom Basic Safety Standards has benefited from continuous interaction with two organisations representing major stakeholders, namely the Heads of European Radiological Protection Competent Authorities (HERCA) and the International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA). An outline of the revision of the BSS was presented to HERCA at meetings in December 2008 and 2009 as well as in June 2010. The response of the radiation protection authorities was positive, and HERCA did not raise any important issue calling for changes in the approach. The revision has been presented at the International IRPA Congress (Buenos Aires 2008) and at European congresses organised by IRPA (Brasov, 2006, Helsinki 2010) as well as at annual meetings of the European IRPA societies. The European IRPA branch has set up a working party to collect input from their societies on the ongoing revision of both the international and Euratom BSS. There was also regular contact with the European Atomic Forum (FORATOM) which represents the stakeholders from the nuclear industry. The key interaction with stakeholders is through the Article 31 Group of Experts, i.e. the experts to be consulted under Article 31 of the Euratom Treaty. In February 2010, the Group of Experts issued an opinion on the possible revision of European legislation in the form of a draft Directive. This text is the fruit of intensive work by the working parties of the Group of Experts, taking into account the studies conducted by the Commission as well as other sources of information (conferences, networks). The draft proposed by the Commission is to a large extent the same as the draft on which the Article 31 Group of Experts' Opinion was based. Only some editorial corrections have been made and a few definitions added. The Experts left it for the Commission to decide whether the definition of HASS sources should remain the same as in the current Directive 2003/122/Euratom or whether the definition should be aligned with the IAEA Code of Conduct on the safety and security of radioactive sources. The Commission has opted for the latter. In its Opinion the Article 31 Group of Experts also suggests maintaining the text of Article 54 of Directive 96/29/Euratom, which allows Member States to opt out from the uniform Basic Safety Standards and introduce stricter dose limits to reflect possible new scientific findings after the adoption of the directive. This would jeopardise the implementation of the Euratom Treaty which requires establishment of uniform standards. The proposed text of the directive therefore does not include such clause. In its judgement of 25 November 1992 in the case Commission of the European Communities v Kingdom of Belgium (Case C-376/90[8]), the Court stated that 'in the absence of an express provision to the contrary, the Directive must be interpreted as allowing the Member States to set, …, stricter dose limits'. In this respect, an explicit statement on the uniformity of the standards has been introduced in the proposed text of the revised Basic Safety Standards Directive. 2.2. Impact assessment A comprehensive impact assessment was made to evaluate the possible options for reaching the objectives: 1. to bring the health protection of workers, the public and patients in line with latest scientific data and operational experience, 2. to streamline existing EU legislation in the field of radiation protection, 3. to ensure coherence with international standards and recommendations, 4. to cover the whole range of exposure situations, including exposure to natural radiation sources at home, as well as the protection of the environment. In the light of these objectives, the impact assessment report considers a broad range of options both with regard to the extent of the consolidation with other legislation and with regard to scope and substance of the incorporated legislation: Option 1: Maintaining the status quo of existing legislation. Option 2: Revision of Basic Safety Standards and Medical Directive. This option envisages changes in the two Directives with the aim to align them with the latest ICRP recommendations and with the advance of the scientific knowledge. Option 3: Revision and consolidation of Basic Safety Standards and Medical Directive, and integration of the Outside Workers Directive, the Public Information Directive and the High Activity Sealed Sources Directive. Non-legislative measures will address natural radiation issues and the protection of non-human species. This option offers a revision of the Basic Safety Standards Directive by extending the requirements to medical exposure, public information, outside workers exposure and high-activity sealed sources. Within this policy option, the BSS Directive 96/29 and the related legislative acts (Medical Directive 97/43/Euratom, Outside Workers Directive 90/641/Euratom, HASS Directive 2003/122/Euratom, Public Information Directive 89/618/Euratom, Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom) will merge and the requirements of BSS Directive and of Medical Directive will at the same time be upgraded to the latest scientific knowledge and regulatory experience. Option 4: Revision of the Basic Safety Standards Directive and broadening the scope to cover exposure to natural radiation at home. With this option, a comprehensive approach to the management of exposures due to natural radiation sources will be incorporated within the overall set of requirements of the Euratom BSS. The requirements will reflect the distinction between planned and existing exposure situations, as made in ICRP Publication 103. While occupational exposure to natural radiation sources (as well as public exposure from residues or effluents from NORM industries) is already considered in Options 1 to 3, the exposures to natural radiation sources that will explicitly be incorporated relate to public exposure in the domestic environment. Option 5: Revision of the Basic Safety Standards Directive and broadening the scope to cover protection of non-human species. The subject matter and general purpose of the BSS Directive 96/29/Euratom is the health protection of the population and workers against dangers of ionising radiation. This Directive applies to the protection of the human environment, but only as a pathway from environmental sources to the exposure of man. In line with the new ICRP Recommendations, it will be complemented with specific consideration of the exposure of biota in the environment as a whole. The aim would be to require Member States to consider suitable protection of non-human species in their radiation protection legislation. Option 6: Revision and consolidation of the Basic Safety Standards Directive and Medical Directive, integration of the Outside Workers Directive, the Public Information Directive and the High Activity Sealed Sources Directive, and broadening the scope to cover public exposure to natural radiation and protection of non-human species. This option includes all the elements of Option 3 (revision of the Basic Safety Standards Directive and integration of the other four Directives). The revision of the Basic Safety Standards includes all identified issues, and broadens the scope to include the whole range of exposure situations, including indoor public exposure to radon and to building materials, and all categories of human and non-human exposures. The effectiveness of the proposed options is assessed towards the objectives, the efficiency of the additional requirements in terms of their health and environmental impact, economic benefit and administrative cost, and the coherence of the Directive with overall Euratom and EU legislation. The amendments to the Basic Safety Standards and to the Medical Directive will have an important impact in the following areas: - Social and health impact: The social impact relates to providing adequate protection to workers in NORM industries. The health impact will be most noticeable with regard to medical exposures, in particular in preventing unnecessarily frequent or high-dose radiological examinations (for instance CT scans) of patients leading to increased cancer incidence in future. Specific professional groups (for instance cardiologists) will benefit from the reduction of the dose limit for the lens of the eye and avoid contracting radiation-induced cataract. - Economic impact: While it is not possible at this stage to make a quantified economic assessment, NORM industries will benefit from the harmonisation of requirements between Member States. - Administrative cost: While the principle of protection optimisation, calling for doses to be ‘as low as reasonably achievable’ (ALARA), taking social and economic factors into account, is key to ensuring a proper cost-benefit balance in operational radiation protection, the new concept of a ‘graded approach’ extends this principle to enhance the effectiveness of regulatory oversight and reduce the administrative cost to industries. Additional amendments introduced in the three other Directives are the following: - harmonisation of the definition of high-activity sealed radioactive sources (HASS) with the international standards; - specific requirements for the protection of outside workers with a clear definition of the responsibilities of their employers and the undertakings conducting the practices in which they are exposed; - requirements for informing the public before and during an emergency, within the overall revised scope for the management of emergency exposure situations. Merging the five Directives is a major achievement in terms of the coherence of Euratom legislation. The restructuring required to accommodate this broader scope of the BSS Directive further improves the clarity of the text and ensures better operational implementation of the requirements. The broader scope of the new Directive entails further substantial amendments: With regard to ‘existing exposure situations’, reference levels are given for indoor radon concentrations and for external exposure from building materials. Member States will be required to establish a comprehensive and transparent Radon Action Plan, adjusted to national needs and to the geological features of different regions. Harmonised requirements for building materials will permit further standardisation under the Construction Products Directive (Council Directive 89/106/EEC). While consumers and the building professions will benefit from the monitoring and labelling of materials, the administrative burden on industry will be kept to a minimum by the proper choice of reference levels and the list of types of materials deemed to be of concern. Relevant requirements in the Euratom BSS for the protection of non-human species will allow Member States to incorporate this in national environmental policies, in a way which is coherent with current approaches to health protection against ionising radiation. The environmental impact assessment of these new requirements relates essentially to the prevention of environmental damage in case of an accident. For the normal operation of an installation it is rather a demonstration that there is no impact to the environment. 3. Legal elements of the proposal The recast of five Directives yields a voluminous single Directive, with over 100 articles and numerous annexes. In view of the extent and complexity of the changes, a formal recast procedure is not pursued. It is not possible to point to each and every element of the proposal. The following sections give a summary description of the main features of each chapter. 3.1. Chapter I: Subject matter and scope This chapter defines the scope of the new Directive (general purpose of the Directive across different categories of exposure and different exposure situations and specific purposes resulting from integration of the requirements for high-activity sealed radioactive sources and for public information, and the exclusion of non-controllable exposures). The scope is broadened to include the exposure of space crew to cosmic radiation, domestic exposure to radon gas in indoor air, external exposure to gamma radiation from building materials, and the protection of the environment beyond environmental pathways leading to human exposure. 3.2. Chapter II: Definitions This chapter includes all definitions given in the earlier Directives, with some adjustments to resolve inconsistencies as well as to adjust to the new terminology introduced in ICRP Publication 103 and in the draft International Basic Safety Standards. 3.3. Chapter III: System of radiation protection This title includes the general principles of radiation protection: justification, optimisation and dose limitation. It explains the more prominent role of dose constraints and reference levels in the process of optimisation, with Annex I giving the bands of reference levels proposed by the ICRP for existing and emergency exposure situations. The dose limits are not modified, except for a uniform definition of the annual occupational dose limit (no averaging over 5 years) and a lower organ dose limit for the lens of the eye, as recommended by the ICRP. The new Directive no longer includes the technical measurements entering into the definition of the effective dose and other factors entering into the assessment of doses, but refers to ICRP Publication 103 for this purpose. In addition, the Directive no longer includes the long lists of radionuclide-specific dose coefficients (doses per unit intake by ingestion or inhalation), but will refer to a forthcoming consolidated publication of the ICRP which can be downloaded free of charge. 3.4. Chapter IV: Requirements for radiation protection education, training and information This chapter brings together the miscellaneous requirements governing education and training in the different Directives and includes provisions for recognition of the ‘Radiation Protection Expert’ and ‘Medical Physics Expert’. 3.5. Chapter V: Justification and regulatory control of practices The application of the principle of justification remains a national responsibility. Specific attention is given to the justification of practices involving the deliberate exposure of humans for non-medical imaging (e.g. security screening in airports). The regime for regulatory control is now presented as a three-tier system (notification, registration, licensing), replacing the earlier two-tier system of reporting and ‘prior authorisation’. A more detailed list of which types of practice are subject to either registration or licensing is given. As part of the concept of a ‘graded approach’ to regulatory control, there is explicit provision for the specific exemption of practices (from notification and from authorisation) at national level. The default values for exemption on the basis of activity concentrations are now taken from IAEA Safety Guide RS-G-1.7. The same default values apply to release from regulatory control (clearance levels), but allow for specific values in European guidance. Member States will be allowed to keep default clearance levels in current national legislation, and to keep the existing exemption values for moderate amounts of material. Details of exemption criteria and exemption and clearance levels are given in Annex VI. This chapter also includes more precise requirements on the information to be provided with a licence application (the issuing of discharge authorisations for radioactive airborne or liquid effluent is covered in Chapter VIII). 3.6. Chapter VI: Protection of workers, apprentices and students This title includes, with little amendment, the provisions on occupational exposure in Directive 96/29/Euratom. It also includes the specific requirements in the Outside Workers Directive, and introduces a clear allocation of responsibilities between the employer and the undertaking where the practice is conducted. The data system for individual radiological monitoring of exposed workers and the minimum set of data to be communicated for outside workers has been updated in the light of recommendations by HERCA. No distinction is made between the management of occupational exposures in NORM industries and other practices, but the former will benefit from a graded regulatory approach on the basis of prevailing exposures and their potential to increase with time. This chapter now covers occupational exposure in all exposure situations, which provides more explicit protection for emergency workers as well as for workers exposed to high levels of indoor radon in their workplace. 3.7. Chapter VII: Protection of patients and other individuals subjected to medical exposure This chapter includes the relevant requirements from the Medical Directive, but strengthens them, in particular with regard to: - the application of the justification principle; - information to patients on the health risks and benefits; - information on doses; - diagnostic reference levels; - involvement of the Medical Physics Expert; - prevention of accidental and unintended medical exposures. 3.8. Chapter VIII: Protection of members of the public This chapter includes the public exposure requirements in Directive 96/29/Euratom, with more explicit consideration of the issuing of discharge authorisations for radioactive effluent (also with reference to Commission Recommendation 2004/2/Euratom). The section on emergency exposure situations includes the requirements of the Public Information Directive. The section on existing exposure situations addresses indoor exposure to radon, with a somewhat lower maximum reference level for existing dwellings than in Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom, in line with ICRP and WHO recommendations. It also includes requirements for the classification of building materials on the basis of a radioactivity index and a uniform reference level for the annual dose resulting from residence in a building constructed with such materials. 3.9. Chapter IX: Protection of the environment This chapter, in line with the broader scope of the Directive as in the International Basic Safety Standards, aims to provide a means to demonstrate compliance with environmental criteria. While the ICRP has published a methodology for dose assessment for biota, a publication on the application of criteria is still awaited. Pending such further guidance, it is up to national authorities to assess the doses to representative animals and plants in terms of protection of the ecosystem. Appropriate technical measures also need to be taken to avoid the environmental consequences of an accidental release and to monitor existing levels of radioactivity in the environment, from the perspectives of both environmental protection and human health. 3.10. Chapter X: Requirements for regulatory control This chapter includes all the responsibilities of the regulatory authorities in all exposure situations. A clear structure is provided by the following sections: - Institutional infrastructure; - Control of sealed radioactive sources (with Annexes II, XII, XIII, XIV, XV incorporating different aspects of the Directive on High-Activity Sealed Radioactive Sources); - Orphan sources (with new requirements with regard to metal contamination); - Emergency exposure situations (establishment of an emergency management system and international cooperation, while requirements for the protection of workers and members of the public in an emergency exposure situation are addressed in Chapters V and VIII, respectively); - Existing exposure situations (general provisions for the management of contaminated areas, radon action plan); - System of enforcement (inspection programme and response to deficiencies). The first section on ‘institutional infrastructure’ calls for a clear definition of the responsibilities of different authorities. The Commission is to receive periodically updated information and publish this in the Official Journal. This section also defines the responsibilities of the ‘Radiation Protection Expert’, the ‘Radiation Protection Officer’ (in the current BSS these concepts were merged within the function of ‘Qualified Expert’) and the ‘Medical Physics Expert’. 3.11. Chapter XI: Final provisions The transposition of the new Directive into national law should not require a major legislative effort, so a 2-year transposition deadline is deemed sufficient. Specific new features, such as the protection of the environment, can be transposed later. In line with the Euratom Treaty, the Basic Standards are to be uniformly applied in the Member States, though without prejudice to those requirements for which flexibility is clear from the wording of the text. However, dose limits, default exemption values, the reference level for building materials, etc. are explicitly intended for uniform transposition and application. 4. Budgetary implications There are no implications for the EU budget. 2011/0254 (NLE) Proposal for a COUNCIL DIRECTIVE laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionising radiation Draft presented under Article 31 Euratom Treaty for the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in particular Articles 31 and 32 thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, drawn up after obtaining the opinion of a group of persons appointed by the Scientific and Technical Committee from among scientific experts in the Member States, and after having consulted the European Economic and Social Committee, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee, Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament, 5. Article 2(b) of the Treaty provides for the establishment of uniform safety standards to protect the health of workers and the general public and Article 30 of the Treaty defines ‘basic standards’ for the health protection of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiations. 6. In order to perform its task, the Community laid down basic standards for the first time in 1959 pursuant to Article 218 of the Treaty by means of the Directives of 2 February 1959 laying down the basic standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation[9]. The Directives have been revised several times, most recently in 1996 by Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation[10] which repealed the earlier Directives. 7. Directive 96/29/Euratom establishes the basic safety standards. The provisions of that Directive apply to normal and emergency situations and have been supplemented by more specific legislation. 8. Council Directive 97/43/Euratom of 30 June 1997 on health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionising radiation in relation to medical exposure and repealing Directive 84/466/Euratom [11], Council Directive 89/618/Euratom of 27 November 1989 on informing the general public about health protection measures to be applied and steps to be taken in the event of a radiological emergency[12], Council Directive 90/641/Euratom of 4 December 1990 on the operational protection of outside workers exposed to the risk of ionising radiation during their activities in controlled areas[13] and Council Directive 2003/122/Euratom of 22 December 2003 on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources[14] cover different specific aspects complementary to Directive 96/29/Euratom. 9. Over time, definitions used in that legislation have evolved and been adjusted to the specific scope, however many requirements laid down therein fit in the original context at the time of adoption of that legislation but cannot be extended for use in Directive 96/29//Euratom. 10. The Group of Experts appointed by the Scientific and Technical Committee has advised that the basic safety standards, established according to Articles 30 and 31 of Euratom Treaty should take into account the new recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), in particular those in Publication 103 (2007)[15], and should be revised in the light of new scientific evidence and operational experience. 11. The provisions of this Directive should follow the situation based approach introduced by ICRP Publication 103 and distinguish between existing, planned and emergency exposure situations. Taking into account this new framework the Directive should cover all exposure situations and all categories of exposure, namely occupational, public and medical exposures. 12. A new methodology introduced by ICRP to calculate doses based on the latest knowledge on radiation risks should also be taken into account in this Directive. 13. The current annual dose limits for occupational and public exposure are maintained. However, there should be no further need for averaging over 5 years, except in special circumstances specified in national legislation. 14. New scientific information on tissue effects calls for the optimisation principle to be applied to organ doses as well, where appropriate, in order to keep doses as low as reasonably achievable. The directive should also follow new ICRP guidance on the organ dose limit for the lens of the eye in occupational exposure. 15. Industries processing naturally occurring radioactive material extracted from the earth’s crust subject workers and, if material is released into the environment, the public to increased radiation exposure. 16. Protection against natural radiation sources, rather than being addressed separately in a specific title, should be fully integrated within the overall requirements. In particular, industries processing materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides should be managed within the same regulatory framework as other practices. 17. The new requirements on radioactivity in building materials should allow for the free circulation of building materials. 18. Recent epidemiological findings from residential studies demonstrate a lung cancer risk from exposure to indoor radon at levels of the order of 100 Bq m-3. The new concept of exposure situations allows the provisions of Commission Recommendation 90/143/Euratom on the protection of the public against indoor exposure to radon[16] to be incorporated in the binding requirements of the Basic Safety Standards while leaving enough flexibility for implementation. 19. The exposure of aircrew to cosmic radiation should be managed as a planned exposure situation. The operation of spacecraft should come under the scope of this Directive and should be managed as a specially authorised exposure. 20. The health protection of the general public allows for the presence of radioactive substances in the environment. In addition to direct environmental exposure pathways, consideration should be given to the protection of the environment as a whole, including the exposure of biota, within a comprehensive and coherent overall framework. As far as a mankind is part of its environment, this policy benefits to long term health protection. 21. In the medical area, important technological and scientific developments have led to a notable increase in the exposure of patients. In this respect, the Directive should emphasise the need for justification of medical exposure, including the exposure of asymptomatic individuals, and should strengthen the requirements concerning information to be provided to patients, the recording and reporting of doses from medical procedures, the use of diagnostic reference levels and the availability of dose-indicating devices. 22. Accidental and unintended medical exposures are a source of continuing concern. Their prevention and follow-up, should they occur, need to be fully addressed. In this respect, the role of quality assurance programmes, including risk analysis in radiotherapy, to avoid such incidents should be emphasised, and recording, reporting, analysis and corrective action should be required in such cases. 23. The so-called ‘medico-legal’ exposures introduced in Directive 97/43/Euratom have now been clearly identified as the deliberate exposure of individuals for other than medical purposes, or ‘non-medical imaging exposures’. Such practices need to be placed under appropriate regulatory control and should be justified in a similar way as for medical exposures. However, a different approach is needed on the one hand for procedures implemented by medical staff using medical equipment and on the other hand for procedures implemented by non-medical staff using non-medical equipment. In general, the annual dose limits and corresponding constraints for public exposure should apply. 24. Member States should be required to submit certain practices involving a hazard from ionising radiation to a system of regulatory control or to prohibit certain practices. Member States should benefit from the application of a graded approach to regulatory control, which should be commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of exposures resulting from the practices, and commensurate with the impact that regulatory control may have in reducing such exposures or improving the safety of installations. 25. There is benefit in having the same activity concentration values both for the exemption of practices from regulatory control and for the clearance of materials from regulated practices. After a comprehensive review, it has been concluded that the values recommended in IAEA document RS-G-1.7[17] can be used both as default exemption values, replacing the activity concentration values laid down in Annex I to Directive 96/29/Euratom, and as general clearance levels, replacing the values recommended by the Commission in Radiation Protection No 122[18]. 26. Member States may grant specific exemption from authorisation for certain practices involving activities above the exemption values. 27. Specific clearance levels, above the default values for exemption and clearance, as well as corresponding Community guidance[19] remain important tools for the management of large volumes of materials arising from the dismantling of licensed facilities. 28. Member States should ensure that outside workers receive the same protection as exposed workers employed by undertakings performing practices with radiation sources. The specific arrangements for outside workers in Directive 90/641/Euratom should be extended to cover work in supervised areas as well. 29. With regard to the management of emergency exposure situations, the current approach based on intervention levels should be replaced by a more comprehensive system comprising threat analysis, an overall emergency management system, emergency response plans for identified threats, and pre-planned strategies for the management of each postulated event. 30. The introduction of reference levels in emergency and existing exposure situations allows for the protection of the individual as well as consideration of other societal criteria in the same way as dose limits and dose constraints for planned exposure situations. 31. The efficient management of a nuclear emergency with cross-border consequences calls for enhanced cooperation between Member States in emergency planning and response. 32. The International Atomic Energy Agency together with the World Health Organisation, the Food and Agricultural Organisation, the International Labour Organisation, the Nuclear Energy Agency of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the Pan-American Health Organisation are revising the International Basic Safety Standards in the light of the ICRP’s new Publication 103. 33. The roles and responsibilities of the national services and experts involved in ensuring that the technical and practical aspects of radiation protection are managed with a high level of competence need to be clarified. 34. More precise requirements should be introduced for the issuing discharge authorisations and for the monitoring of discharges. Commission Recommendation 2004/2/Euratom of 18 December 2003 on standardised information on radioactive airborne and liquid discharges into the environment from nuclear power reactors and reprocessing plants in normal operation[20]introduced standardised information for the reporting of data on discharges from nuclear power plants and reprocessing facilities. 35. No major changes need to be made to the most recent Directive on the control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and orphan sources (2003/122/Euratom), except to broaden some of the requirements to include any sealed radioactive source. However, there are still unresolved problems with orphan sources and there have been significant cases of contaminated metal being imported from third countries. Accordingly, a requirement should be introduced for the notification of incidents with orphan sources or the contamination of metal. With regard to international security, it is also important to harmonise the levels above which a source is regarded as a high-activity sealed source with those established by the IAEA. 36. The basic safety standards established under the Euratom Treaty are meant to apply in a uniform way. 37. Directive 96/29/Euratom and the complementary Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom and 2003/122/Euratom should be repealed, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE: SUBJECT MATTER AND SCOPE 38. This Directive establishes the basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers, general public, patients and other individuals subject to medical exposure against the dangers arising from ionising radiation for the purpose of their uniform implementation by Member States. 39. This Directive applies to the protection of the environment as a pathway from radiation sources to the exposure of man, complemented where appropriate with specific consideration of the exposure of biota in the environment as a whole. 40. This Directive sets out requirements for the control of the safety and security of radioactive sources and the provisions of appropriate information in an emergency exposure situation. 41. This Directive sets out requirements for the prevention of exposure of workers and members of the public to ionising radiation arising from orphan sources and from inadequate control of high-activity sealed radioactive sources and for the harmonisation of controls in place in the Member States by defining specific requirements ensuring that each such source is kept under control. 42. This Directive defines at Community level common objectives with regard to measures and procedures for informing the public for the purpose of improving the operational health protection provided in the event of an emergency. 43. This Directive applies to any planned, existing or emergency exposure situation which involves a risk from exposure to ionising radiation which cannot be disregarded from the radiation protection point of view with regard to the health protection of workers, members of the public, or patients and other individuals subject to medical exposure or with regard to the protection of the environment. 44. This Directive applies to all practices involving radiation sources, namely: 45. the production, processing, handling, use, storage, holding, transport, shipment, import to, and export from the Community and the disposal of radioactive material; 46. the operation of electrical equipment emitting ionising radiation and the operation of any electrical equipment operating at a potential difference of more than 5 kV; 47. practices which involve the presence of natural radiation sources that lead to a significant increase in the exposure of workers or members of the public, in particular: i) the operation of aircraft and spacecraft; ii) exposure to radon in workplaces; iii) the activities in industries processing materials with naturally occurring radionuclides, or activities related to such processing. 48. any other practice specified by the Member State. 49. This Directive applies to the management of existing exposure situations, in particular the exposure of the public to indoor radon, the external exposure from building materials and cases of lasting exposure resulting from the after-effects of an emergency or a past activity. 50. This Directive applies to the management of emergency exposure situations to the extent that these are deemed to warrant intervention to protect the health of the public or workers or to protect the environment; potential exposures as well as emergency preparedness and planning are part of planned exposure situations. Exclusion from the scope This Directive shall not apply to radionuclides naturally contained in the human body, to cosmic radiation prevailing at ground level, and to aboveground exposure to radionuclides present in the undisturbed earth’s crust. For the purpose of this Directive, the following terms have the meaning hereby assigned to them: 51. Medical exposure means exposure incurred by patients or asymptomatic individuals as part of their own medical or dental diagnosis or treatment, and intended to benefit their health or well-being, as well as exposure incurred by carers and comforters and by volunteers in biomedical research; 52. Ionising radiation means the transfer of energy in the form of particles or electromagnetic waves of a wavelength of 100 nanometres or less (a frequency of 3x1015 Hertz or more) capable of producing ions directly or indirectly; 53. Emergency means a non-routine situation or event that necessitates prompt action primarily to mitigate a hazard or adverse consequences for human health and safety, quality of life, property or the environment. This includes nuclear and radiological emergencies; 54. Emergency exposure situation means a situation of exposure due to any sudden event which requires urgent decisions to be taken in order to control this situation; the event may result from an accident (whether or not envisaged as a potential exposure) or from a malicious act; 55. Exposure means the act of exposing or condition of being exposed to ionising radiation emitted outside the body (external exposure) or within the body (internal exposure); 56. Exposure situation means a situation giving rise to exposure, including the radiation sources and the activities or actions which may affect the exposure from these radiation sources; 57. Members of the public mean individuals, subject to public exposure; 58. Radiation source means an entity that may cause radiation exposure — such as by emitting ionising radiation or by releasing radioactive material — and can be treated as a single entity for protection and safety purposes; 59. Radioactive source means a radiation source incorporating radioactive material for the purpose of utilising its radioactivity; 60. Radioactive material means material incorporating radioactive substances; 61. Orphan source means a sealed source which is neither exempted nor under regulatory control, e.g. because it has never been under regulatory control or because it has been abandoned, lost, misplaced, stolen or otherwise transferred without proper authorisation; 62. Building material means a construction product which is produced for incorporation in a permanent manner in a building; 63. Disposal means the emplacement of radioactive waste or spent fuel in an authorised facility without the intention of retrieval; 64. Existing exposure situation means an exposure situation that already exists when a decision on its control has to be taken and which does not call or no longer calls for urgent measures to be taken; 65. Natural radiation source means sources of ionising radiation of natural terrestrial or cosmic origin; 66. Planned exposure situation means an exposure situation that arises from the planned operation or introduction of a radiation source or from activities which alter exposure pathways, so as to cause the exposure or potential exposure of people or the environment. Planned exposure situations may include both normal exposures and potential exposures; 67. Potential exposure means exposure that is not expected with certainty but may result from an event or sequence of events of a probabilistic nature, including equipment failures and operating errors. 68. Radiation protection means the protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionising radiation, and the means for achieving this; 69. Practice means any activity that involves the operation or introduction of radiation sources or which alters exposure pathways and is managed as a planned exposure situation; 70. Radon means the isotope Rn-222 and its progeny, as appropriate (exposure to radon means exposure to radon progeny); 71. Storage means the holding of radioactive sources or radioactive waste in a facility that provides adequate containment, with the intention of retrieval; 72. Optimisation means a forward-looking iterative process to establish adequate protection measures taking into account the prevailing circumstances, the available options, and the nature of the exposure situation, with the aim of keeping the magnitude and likelihood of exposure and the number of people exposed as low as reasonably achievable; 73. Public exposure means exposure of individuals, excluding any occupational or medical exposure; 74. Occupational exposure means exposure of workers incurred in the course of their work; 75. Health detriment means an estimate of the risk of reduction in length and quality of life occurring in a population following exposure. This includes loss arising from tissue effects, cancer and severe genetic disorder; 76. Effective dose (E) means the sum of the weighted equivalent doses in all the tissues and organs of the body from internal and external irradiation. It is defined by the expression: DT,R is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T, due to radiation R, wR is the radiation weighting factor and wT is the tissue weighting factor for tissue or organ T. The appropriate wT and wR values are specified in Publication 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The unit for effective dose is the sievert; 77. Dose limit: the value of the effective dose or the equivalent dose in a specified period which may not be exceeded for an individual. The dose limit applies to the sum of exposures from all authorised practices; 78. Dose constraint means a constraint set as a prospective upper bound of an individual dose, used to define the range of options considered in the process of optimisation for a given radiation source in planned exposure situation; 79. Equivalent dose (HT) means the absorbed dose, in tissue or organ T weighted for the type and quality of radiation R. It is given by: – DT,R is the absorbed dose averaged over tissue or organ T, due to radiation R, – wR is the radiation weighting factor. When the radiation field is composed of types and energies with different values of wR, the total equivalent dose, HT, is given by: The appropriate wR values are specified in Publication 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The unit for equivalent dose is the sievert. 80. Outside worker means any exposed worker of category A who is not employed by the undertaking responsible for the supervised and controlled areas, but performs activities in these areas, including trainees, apprentices and students; 81. Undertaking means a natural or legal person who has legal responsibility for carrying out a practice or who has legal responsibility for a radiation source (including cases where the owner or holder of a radiation source does not conduct related activities); 82. Risk constraint means a constraint set as a restriction on the individual risk from a radiation source (risk in the sense of probability of health detriment due to a potential exposure, which is a function of the probability of an unintended event causing a dose and the probability of detriment due to that dose); 83. Carers and comforters means individuals knowingly and willingly incurring an exposure to ionising radiation by helping, other than as part of their occupation, in the support and comfort of individuals undergoing or having undergone medical exposure; 84. Reference level means in an emergency exposure situation or in an existing exposure situation, the level of dose or risk above which it is judged inappropriate to allow exposures to occur, and below which optimisation of protection should continue to be implemented; 85. Exposed worker means person, either self-employed or working under an employer, and who is subject to exposure at work carried out within a practice regulated by this Directive and who is liable to receive doses exceeding one or other of the dose limits for public exposure; 86. Sievert (Sv) means the special name of the unit of equivalent or effective dose. One sievert is equivalent to one joule per kilogram: 1 Sv = 1 J kg-1; 87. Intake means the activities of radionuclides entering the body from the external environment; 88. Apprentice means a person receiving training or instruction within an undertaking with a view to exercising a specific skill. 89. Committed effective dose (E(()) means the sum of the committed organ or tissue equivalent doses HT(() resulting from an intake, each multiplied by the appropriate tissue weighting factor wT. It is defined by: In specifying E((),( is given in the number of years over which the integration is made. For the purpose of complying with dose limits specified in this Directive, ( is a period of 50 years following intake for adults and up to age 70 for children. The unit for committed effective dose is the sievert; 90. Medical physics expert means an individual having the knowledge, training and experience to act or give advice on matters relating to radiation physics applied to medical exposure, whose competence to act is recognised by the competent authorities; 91. Occupational health service means a health professional or body having competence for the medical surveillance of exposed workers and whose capacity to act in that respect is recognised by the competent authorities; 92. Radiation protection expert means an individual having the knowledge, training and experience needed to give radiation protection advice in order to ensure the effective protection of individuals, and whose capacity to act is recognised by the competent authorities; 93. High-activity sealed source means a sealed source in which the amount of radioactive material exceeds the values laid down in Annex II; 94. Emergency response plan means arrangements to plan for adequate response in the event of an emergency exposure situation related to a specific facility or activity on the basis of postulated events and related scenarios; 95. Emergency worker means any person having a defined role as a worker in an emergency and who might be exposed while taking action in response to the emergency; 96. Dosimetry service means a body or an individual having the competence for calibration, reading or interpretation of individual monitoring devices, or for measurement of radioactivity in the human body or in biological samples, or for assessment of doses, whose capacity to act in this respect is recognised by the competent authorities; 97. Emergency management system means legal or administrative framework establishing responsibilities for emergency preparedness and response, and arrangements for decision making in the event of an emergency exposure situation; 98. Medical radiological means pertaining to radiodiagnostic and radiotherapeutic procedures, and interventional radiology or other planning and guiding radiology using ionising radiation; 99. Practical aspects of medical exposure procedures means the physical conduct of a medical exposure and any supporting aspects including handling and use of medical radiological equipment, and the assessment of technical and physical parameters, including radiation doses, calibration and maintenance of equipment, preparation and administration of radio-pharmaceuticals, and image processing as carried out by, among others, radiographers and technicians in nuclear medicine and radiotherapy; 100. Practitioner means a medical doctor, dentist or other health professional who is entitled to take clinical responsibility for an individual medical exposure in accordance with national requirements. 101. Diagnostic reference levels means dose levels in medical radiodiagnostic or interventional radiology practices, or, in the case of radio-pharmaceuticals, levels of activity, for typical examinations for groups of standard-sized patients or standard phantoms for broadly defined types of equipment; 102. Activation means process through which a stable nuclide is transformed into a radionuclide by irradiating with particles or high-energy photons the material in which it is contained; 103. Radioactive substance means any substance that contains one or more radionuclides the activity concentration of which cannot be disregarded as far as radiation protection is concerned; 104. Non-medical imaging exposure means any deliberate exposure of humans for imaging purposes where the primary motivation for the exposure is not related to the health or well-being of the individual being exposed; 105. Notification means submission of a document to the competent authority to notify the intention to carry out a practice within the scope of this Directive. 106. Registration means permission granted in a document by the competent authority, or granted by national legislation, to carry out an activity in accordance with conditions laid down in national legislation; 107. Consumer product means a device or manufactured item into which radionuclides have deliberately been incorporated or produced by activation, or which generates ionising radiation, and which can be sold or made available to members of the public without special surveillance or regulatory control after sale; 108. Accelerator means an apparatus or installation in which particles are accelerated, emitting ionising radiation with energy higher than 1 mega-electron volt (MeV); 109. Disused sealed source means a sealed source which is no longer used or intended to be used for the practice for which authorisation was granted; 110. Inspection means an investigation by any competent authority to verify compliance with national provisions; 111. Radiation generator means a device capable of generating ionising radiation, such as X rays, neutrons, electrons or other charged particles, which may be used for scientific, industrial or medical purposes; 112. Radioactive waste means radioactive material for which no further use is foreseen. 113. Quality assurance means all those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate assurance that a structure, system, component or procedure will perform satisfactorily in compliance with agreed standards. Quality control is a part of quality assurance; 114. Licence means permission granted by the competent authority, on application, to carry out a practice subject to conditions laid down in a specific licence document; 115. Clearance levels means values established by the competent authority or in national legislation, and expressed in terms of activity concentrations, at or below which materials arising from any practice subject to notification or authorisation may be released from the requirements of this Directive. 116. Supervised area means an area subject to supervision for the purpose of protection against ionising radiation; 117. Controlled area means an area subject to special rules for the purpose of protection against ionising radiation or preventing the spread of radioactive contamination and to which access is controlled; 118. Accidental exposure means an exposure of individuals, other than emergency workers, as a result of an accident; 119. Emergency occupational exposure means occupational exposure received in an emergency exposure situation by individuals taking action to mitigate the consequences of the emergency; 120. Health screening means a procedure using medical radiological installations for early diagnosis in population groups at risk; 121. Radon-prone area means a geographic area or administrative region defined on the basis of surveys indicating that the percentage of dwellings expected to exceed the national reference level is significantly higher than in other parts of the country; 122. Medical radiological procedure means any procedure giving rise to medical exposure; 123. Referrer means a medical doctor, dentist or other health professional who is entitled to refer individuals for medical radiological procedures to a practitioner, in accordance with national requirements; 124. Individual detriment means clinically observable deleterious effects in individuals or their descendants, the appearance of which is either immediate or delayed and, in the latter case, implies a probability rather than a certainty of appearance; 125. Interventional radiology means the use of X-ray imaging techniques, in addition to those involving ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging or other non-ionising radiation techniques, to introduce and guide devices in the body for diagnostic or treatment purposes; 126. Radiodiagnostic means pertaining to in-vivo diagnostic nuclear medicine, medical diagnostic radiology using ionising radiation, and dental radiology; 127. Radiotherapeutic means pertaining to radiotherapy, including nuclear medicine for therapeutic purposes; 128. Clinical responsibility means responsibility of a practitioner for individual medical exposures, notably: justification; optimisation; clinical evaluation of the outcome; cooperation with other specialists and staff, as appropriate, regarding practical aspects of medical exposure procedures; obtaining information, if appropriate, on previous examinations; providing existing medical radiological information and/or records to other practitioners and/or the referrer, as required; and giving information on the risk of ionising radiation to patients and other individuals involved, as appropriate; 129. Clinical audit means a systematic examination or review of medical radiological procedures which seeks to improve the quality and outcome of patient care through structured review, whereby medical radiological practices, procedures and results are examined against agreed standards for good medical radiological procedures, with modification of practices where indicated and the application of new standards if necessary; 130. Medical radiological installation means a facility containing medical radiological equipment; 131. Unintended exposure means medical exposure that is significantly different from the medical exposure intended for a given purpose; 132. Representative person means an individual receiving a dose that is representative of the more highly exposed individuals in the population; 133. Radiation protection officer means an individual who is technically competent in radiation protection matters relevant for a given type of practice and is designated by the undertaking to oversee the implementation of the radiation protection arrangements of the undertaking; 134. Remedial measures means the removal of a source or the reduction of its magnitude (in terms of activity or amount) for the purposes of avoiding or reducing doses that might otherwise be received in an existing exposure situation. 135. Protective measures means measures, other than remedial measures, for the purpose of avoiding or reducing doses that might otherwise be received in an emergency exposure situation or an existing exposure situation. 136. Authorisation means the granting by a competent authority of written permission for an undertaking to perform specified activities subject to regulatory control in the form of registration or a licence; 137. Sealed source means a radioactive source in which the radioactive material is permanently sealed in a capsule or closely bonded in a solid form; 138. Supplier means any natural or legal person who supplies or makes available a sealed source; 139. Source container means the containment of a sealed source, where this is not an integral part of the source but is meant for shielding the source during its use, transport, handling, etc. 140. Thoron means the isotope Rn-220; 141. Residual dose means the dose expected to be incurred from all exposure pathways after protective measures have been fully implemented, or where a decision has been taken not to implement any protective measures; 142. Absorbed dose (D) means the energy absorbed per unit mass [pic][pic] – [pic] is the mean energy imparted by ionising radiation to the matter in a volume element, – dm is the mass of the matter in this volume element. In this Directive, absorbed dose denotes the dose averaged over a tissue or an organ. The unit for absorbed dose is the gray. 143. Gray (Gy) is unit of absorbed dose. One gray is equal to one joule per kilogram: 1Gy = 1 J kg-1; 144. Activity (A) means the activity, A, of an amount of a radionuclide in a particular energy state at a given time. It is the quotient of d N by d t , where d N is the expectation value of the number of spontaneous nuclear transitions from that energy state in the time interval d t : The unit of activity is the Becquerel; 145. Becquerel (Bq) means the special name of the unit of activity. One Becquerel is equivalent to one nuclear transition per second: 1 Bq = 1 s-1; 146. Committed equivalent dose (H(()) means the integral over time (() of the equivalent dose rate (in tissue or organ T) that will be received by an individual as a result of an intake. It is given by: for an intake at time t0 where [pic]is the relevant equivalent dose rate (in organ or tissue T) at time t, ( is the time over which the integration is performed. In specifying HT((), ( is given in years. When ( is not given, a period of 50 years is assumed for adults and up to age 70 for children. The unit for committed equivalent dose is the sievert; 147. Normal exposure means exposure expected to occur under the normal operating conditions of a facility or activity (including maintenance, inspection, decommissioning), including possible minor mishaps that can be kept under control, i.e. during normal operation and anticipated operational occurrences; 148. Projected dose means the dose that would be expected to be incurred if no protective measures were to be taken; 149. Quality control means the set of operations (programming, coordinating, implementing) intended to maintain or to improve quality. It includes monitoring, evaluation and maintenance at required levels of all characteristics of performance of equipment that can be defined, measured, and controlled; 150. Response strategy means a set of different protective measures to respond to postulated or actual events so as to manage an emergency exposure situation in accordance with the stated objectives. Within an emergency response plan, response strategies are established for each postulated event and scenario; SYSTEM OF RADIATION PROTECTION Member States shall establish legal requirements and an appropriate regime of regulatory control which, for all exposure situations reflect a system of radiation protection based on the principles of justification, optimisation and dose limitation: 151. Justification: decisions introducing or altering a radiation source, an exposure pathway or actual exposures shall be justified in the sense that such decisions shall be taken with the intent to ensure that the individual or societal benefit resulting from them offsets the detriment that they may cause. 152. Optimisation: in all exposure situations, radiation protection shall be optimised with the aim of keeping the magnitude and likelihood of exposure and the number of individuals exposed as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and societal factors, whereby optimisation of the protection of individuals undergoing medical exposure shall be commensurate with the medical purpose of the exposure as described in Article 55. This principle shall be applied in terms of effective dose as well as organ doses, as a precautionary measure to allow for uncertainties as to health detriment below the threshold, for deterministic effects. 153. Dose limitation: in planned exposure situations, the sum of doses to an individual from all regulated radiation sources may not exceed the dose limits laid down for occupational exposure or public exposure. Dose limits shall not apply to medical exposures. TOOLS FOR OPTIMISATION Dose constraints for occupational and public exposure 154. For occupational exposure, the dose constraint shall be established as an operational tool for optimisation by the undertaking under the general supervision of the competent authorities. In the case of outside workers the dose constraint shall be established in cooperation between the employer and the undertaking. 155. For public exposure, the dose constraint shall be set for the individual dose that members of the public receive from the planned operation of a specified radiation source. The competent authorities shall set the constraint so as to ensure compliance with the dose limit for the sum of doses to the same individual from all authorised practices. 156. With regard to potential exposures, optimisation shall include adequate management of the safety and security of sources and facilities. Where appropriate risk constraints may be established. 157. Dose constraints shall be established in terms of individual effective or equivalent doses over a year or any other appropriate shorter time period. 158. Where dose constraints are introduced to restrict any protracted accumulated exposure, these shall be established in terms of annual effective doses or equivalent doses to an organ. Dose constraints for medical exposure Dose constraints shall not apply for the medical exposure of patients. For carers and comforters and for volunteers participating in medical and biomedical research (for whom no direct medical benefit is expected from the exposure), dose constraints shall be established in terms of the individual dose that is unlikely to be exceeded for the period of the examination, treatment or research project in question. Reference levels shall be established for emergency and existing exposure situations as a level of effective dose or organ dose above which it is judged inappropriate to allow exposures in emergency or existing exposure situations. Optimised protective strategies shall be planned and implemented with the objective of reducing individual doses below the reference levels. The values chosen for reference levels shall depend upon the type of exposure situation. Optimisation of protection shall give priority to exposures above the reference level. The choices of reference levels shall take into account both radiological protection requirements and societal criteria. The choice of reference levels for the effective dose shall take into account the three bands of reference levels set out in point 1 of Annex I. DOSE LIMITATION Age limit for exposed workers Subject to Article 12(2), persons under 18 years of age may not be assigned to any work which would result in their being exposed workers. Dose limits for occupational exposure 159. The limit on the effective dose for occupational exposure shall be 20 mSv in any single year. However, in special circumstances or for certain exposure situations specified in national legislation, a higher effective dose of up to 50 mSv per year may be authorised in a single year, provided that the average dose over any five consecutive years does not exceed 20 mSv per year. For emergency workers a higher effective dose may be authorised, in accordance with Article 52. 160. In addition to limits of effective dose laid down in paragraph 1, the following limits on equivalent dose shall apply: 161. the limit on the equivalent dose for the lens of the eye shall be 20 mSv in a year or, where applicable, the same value as specified for the limit on effective dose; 162. the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be 500 mSv in a year;, this limit shall apply to the dose averaged over any area of 1 cm², regardless of the area exposed; 163. the limit on the equivalent dose for the hands, forearms, feet and ankles shall be 500 mSv in a year. Protection of pregnant women 164. As soon as a pregnant woman informs the undertaking of her condition, in accordance with national legislation or national practice, the protection of the unborn child shall be comparable with that provided for members of the public. The employment conditions for the pregnant woman shall therefore be such that the equivalent dose to the unborn child is as low as reasonably achievable and unlikely to exceed 1 mSv during at least the remainder of the pregnancy. 165. As soon as a breastfeeding woman informs the undertaking of her condition, she shall not be employed in work involving a significant risk of intake of radionuclides. Dose limits for apprentices and students 166. The dose limits for apprentices aged 18 years or over and students aged 18 years or over who, in the course of their studies, are obliged to work with radiation sources shall be the same as the dose limits for occupational exposure laid down in Article 10. 167. The limit on the effective dose for apprentices aged between 16 and 18 years and for students aged between 16 and 18 years who, in the course of their studies, are obliged to work with radiation sources shall be 6 mSv per year. In addition to limits of effective dose laid down in the first subparagraph, the following limits on equivalent dose shall apply: 168. the limit on the equivalent dose for the lens of the eye shall be 20 mSv in a year; 169. the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be 150 mSv in a year, averaged over any area of 1 cm², regardless of the area exposed; 171. The dose limits for apprentices and students who are not subject to the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be the same as the dose limits for members of the public as specified in Article 13. Dose limits for public exposure The limit on the effective dose for public exposure shall be 1 mSv in a year. In addition to the dose limit referred to in the first subparagraph, the following limits on the equivalent dose shall apply: 173. the limit on the equivalent dose for the skin shall be 50 mSv in a year, averaged over any 1 cm² area of skin, regardless of the area exposed. Estimation of the effective and equivalent dose For the estimation of effective and equivalent doses, the following values and relationships shall be used: 174. For external radiation, the values and relationships laid down in Publication 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection shall be used to estimate the effective and equivalent doses. 175. For internal exposure from a radionuclide or from a mixture of radionuclides, the values and relationships laid down in Publication 103 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection and the ingestion and inhalation dose coefficients laid down in Publication 72 of the International Commission on Radiological Protection shall be used to estimate the committed effective doses. REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIATION PROTECTION EDUCATION, TRAINING AND INFORMATION General responsibilities for the education, training and provision of information Member States shall establish an adequate legislative and administrative framework for providing appropriate radiation protection education, training and information to all individuals whose tasks require specific competences in radiation protection. The training, retraining and information of relevant individuals shall be repeated at appropriate intervals and documented. Member States shall establish education, training and retraining to allow the recognition of radiation protection experts, medical physics experts, occupational health services, and dosimetry services. Training of exposed workers, apprentices and students and information provided to them 176. Member States shall require the undertaking or the employer to inform exposed workers, apprentices and students who are subject to occupational exposure on: 177. the health risks involved in their work; 178. the general radiation protection procedures and precautions to be taken, in particular those connected with the operational and working conditions of both the practice in general and each type of workstation or work to which they may be assigned; 179. the emergency response plans and procedures; 180. the importance of complying with the technical, medical and administrative requirements; 181. Member States shall require the undertaking or the employer to inform women on the importance of making an early declaration of pregnancy in view of the risks of exposure for the unborn child and the risk of contaminating a nursing infant after intake of radionuclides. 182. Member States shall require that the undertaking or the employer provides appropriate radiation protection training and information programmes for their personnel. 183. In addition to the information and training in the field of radiation protection as specified in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, an undertaking responsible for high-activity sealed sources shall ensure that such training includes specific requirements for the safe management and security of high-activity sealed sources with a view to preparing the relevant workers adequately for any events affecting their own safety or the radiation protection of other individuals. The information and training shall place particular emphasis on the necessary safety requirements and shall contain specific information on the possible consequences of the loss of adequate control of high-activity sealed sources. Information and training of workers potentially exposed to orphan sources Member States shall ensure that the management of and workers in installations where orphan sources are most likely to be found or processed, in particular large metal scrap yards and major metal scrap recycling plants, and in significant nodal transit points, are: 184. informed of the possibility that they may be confronted with a source; 185. advised and trained in the visual detection of sources and their containers; 186. informed of basic facts about ionising radiation and its effects; 187. informed about detection systems; 188. informed of and trained in the action to be taken on site in the event of the detection or suspected detection of a source. Information and training for emergency workers 189. Member States shall ensure that emergency workers and any other persons who might be involved in the organisation of emergency assistance in the event of an emergency are given adequate and regularly updated information on the health risks their intervention might involve and on the precautionary measures to be taken in such an event. This information shall take into account the range of potential emergencies. 190. As soon as an emergency occurs, the information referred to in paragraph 1 shall be supplemented appropriately, having regard to the specific circumstances. 191. Member States shall ensure that emergency workers receive regular training as provided for in the emergency management system set out in Article 97. Where appropriate, this training shall include practical exercises. 192. Members States shall ensure that, in addition to the emergency response training referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article, the organisation responsible for the protection of emergency workers as referred to in Article 30(1)(b) provides these workers with appropriate radiation protection training and information. Education, information and training in the field of medical exposure 193. Member States shall ensure that practitioners and the individuals involved in the practical aspects of medical exposure procedures have adequate education, information and theoretical and practical training for the purpose of medical radiological practices, as well as relevant competence in radiation protection. For this purpose Member States shall ensure that appropriate curriculum are established and shall recognise the corresponding diplomas, certificates or formal qualifications. 194. Individuals undergoing relevant training programmes may participate in practical aspects of medical exposure procedures as set out in Article 56(4). 195. Member States shall ensure that continuing education and training after qualification is provided and, in the special case of the clinical use of new techniques, training is provided on these techniques and the relevant radiation protection requirements. 196. Member States shall ensure that mechanisms are in place for the timely dissemination of information relevant to radiation protection for medical exposure regarding lessons learned from significant events. 197. Member States shall ensure the introduction of a course on radiation protection in the basic curriculum of medical and dental schools. JUSTIFICATION AND REGULATORY CONTROL OF PRACTICES Justification of practices 198. Member States shall ensure that new types of practices resulting in exposure to ionising radiation are justified before being approved. 199. Member States shall list the approved types of practices in legislation or administrative acts. 200. Existing types of practices shall be reviewed as to their justification whenever new and important evidence about their efficacy or potential consequences is acquired. Justification of practices with apparatus or products emitting ionising radiation 201. Member States shall require any undertaking intending to manufacture or import or export a new type of apparatus or product emitting ionising radiation to provide the competent authorities with relevant information such as that listed in Annex III, Section A, in order to enable the authorities, on the basis of assessment of information set out in Annex III, Section B, to decide whether the intended use of the apparatus or product can be justified. 202. The competent authority shall share the information received according to paragraph 1 with the competent authorities of the other Member States to allow them to take their own decision on the justification of the intended use of the apparatus or product. 203. The undertaking shall be informed on the decisions of the Member States' competent authorities within a period of 6 months. Prohibition of practices Member States shall prohibit the deliberate addition of radioactive substances in the production of foodstuffs, toys, personal ornaments and cosmetics, and shall prohibit the import or export of such products. Without prejudice to the Directive 1999/2/EC[21] of the European Parliament and of the Council, practices involving the activation of material resulting in an increase in activity in the associated products shall be deemed not to be justified. Practices involving the deliberate exposure of humans for non-medical purposes 204. Member States shall ensure the identification, by means of surveys or by any other appropriate means, of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure, as set out in Annex IV. 205. Member States shall ensure that special attention is given to the justification of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure, in particular: 206. all types of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure, as listed in Annex IV, shall be justified in advance before being generally accepted; 207. each particular application of a generally accepted type of practice shall be justified in advance; 208. all individual non-medical imaging exposure procedures as listed in section A of Annex IV implemented by medical staff using medical radiological equipment shall be justified in advance taking into account the specific objectives of the procedure and the characteristics of the individual involved; 209. the general and particular justification of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure, as specified in (a) and (b), shall be subject to periodic review by the competent authority. 210. Where a Member State has determined that a particular practice involving non-medical imaging exposure is justified it shall ensure that: 211. each practice is subject to authorisation; 212. requirements for the practice, including criteria for individual implementation, are established by the competent authority, in cooperation with other relevant agencies and professional bodies as appropriate; 213. dose constraints are established for each practice. Such shall be well below the dose limit for members of the public, including, whenever practicable, for procedures implemented by medical staff using medical equipment (section A in Annex IV); for other practices (section B in Annex IV), the dose constraint shall satisfy the requirements of Article 6(2); 214. relevant requirements of Chapter VII, including those for equipment, optimisation, responsibilities and special protection during pregnancy, are met for procedures implemented by medical staff using medical radiological equipment; 215. the informed consent of the individual to be exposed is sought, allowing for cases where the law enforcement bodies may proceed without consent according to national legislation; 216. where the exposure is routinely carried out for security purposes the screened individuals are provided with a choice of an alternative technique which does not involve exposure to ionising radiation. Identification of practices involving naturally occurring radioactive material Member States shall ensure the identification of practices involving naturally occurring radioactive material and leading to exposure of workers or members of the public which cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection point of view. Such identification shall be carried out by means of surveys or by any other appropriate means taking into account industrial sectors listed in Annex V. 217. Member States shall require all practices, including those practices identified in accordance with Article 23, to be notified, except for justified practices involving the following: 218. materials containing radioactive substances where the quantities of the activity involved do not exceed in total the exemption values set out in Annex VI or higher values that, for specific applications, are authorised by the competent authorities and satisfy the general exemption and clearance criteria set out in Annex VI; or 219. materials containing radioactive substances, provided that the concentrations of activity per unit mass do not exceed the exemption values set out in Table A of Annex VI, or higher values that, for specific applications, are authorised by the competent authorities and satisfy the general exemption and clearance criteria set out in Annex VI; or 220. any cathode ray tube intended for the display of visual images, or other electrical apparatus operating at a potential difference not exceeding 30 kV, or any other apparatus or product which is of a type approved by the competent authorities of the Member State, provided that: (i) it does not cause, in normal operating conditions, a dose rate exceeding 1 µSv(h–1 at a distance of 0.1 m from any accessible surface of the apparatus; and (ii) if it contains radioactive substances, these substances are embedded in a capsule or fixed to a solid holder; and (iii) conditions for disposal have been specified by the competent authorities. 221. Member States may exempt further types of practices from the notification requirement subject to compliance with the general exemption criteria established in point 3 of Annex VI, or in such cases where an assessment of the optimisation of protection shows that exemption is the best option. 222. Practices that involve naturally occurring radioactive material, identified in accordance with Article 24, and produce or process residues which are known to be recycled into identified building materials are subject to notification if the activity concentration index as defined in Annex VII in the resulting building materials is liable to exceed 1. The undertaking shall also in this case inform the user of the residue about the activity concentration of the residue. 223. In situations identified by Member States where there is concern that a practice identified in accordance with Article 24 may lead to the presence of naturally occurring radionuclides in water liable to affect the quality of drinking water supplies or affect any other exposure pathways, so as to be of concern from a radiation protection point of view, the competent authority may require that the practice be subject to notification irrespective of the provisions of paragraph 1(b). 224. For types of practices subject to notification, Member States shall specify the information to be provided by the undertaking so as to allow the competent authority to establish appropriate means of regulatory control. 225. For the purpose of exemption under paragraph 1(c), Member States shall exchange information on the type approvals that have been granted and on the underlying documentation and assessment. Competent authorities shall take into account such information received, as well as applicable European and international standards, in making their own decisions with regard to the exemption of corresponding practices. Regulatory control 226. Member States shall require any notified practice to be subject to regulatory control commensurate with the magnitude and likelihood of exposures resulting from the practice, and commensurate with the impact that regulatory control may have in reducing such exposures or improving the safety of installations. 227. Notified practices may be exempted from authorisation. 228. In the case of moderate amounts of material as specified by Member States, the activity concentration values laid down in Annex VI, Table B, column 2, may be used for the purpose of exemption. 229. Notified practices which are not exempted shall be subject to authorisation through registration or licensing. 230. In cases where a limited risk of exposure does not necessitate the examination of individual cases and the practice is undertaken in accordance with conditions laid down in national legislation, competent authorities may limit regulatory control to registration of the practice and an appropriate frequency of inspections. 231. Member States shall require licensing for the following practices: 232. the operation and decommissioning of any facility of the nuclear fuel cycle and the exploitation and closure of uranium mining; 233. the deliberate addition of radioactive substances in the production and manufacture of consumer products or other products, including medicinal products, and the import or export of such products; 234. the manufacture, use or taking possession of a high-activity sealed source; 235. the operation, decommissioning and closure of any facility for the processing, storage or disposal of radioactive waste; 236. practices in which workers are liable to receive an annual effective dose of more than 6 mSv in normal operation and under normal working conditions; 237. practices discharging significant amounts of airborne or liquid effluent into the environment. 238. Member States shall require either registration or licensing of the following practices: 239. the deliberate administration of radioactive substances to persons and, in so far as the radiation protection of human beings is concerned, animals for the purpose of medical or veterinary diagnosis, treatment or research; 240. the use of radiation generators or radioactive sources for industrial radiography, the processing of products or research, and the use of accelerators, except electron microscopes; 241. the use of radiation generators or radioactive sources for medical exposures; 242. the manufacture and operation of electrical equipment emitting ionising radiation and operating at a potential difference of more than 30 kV, as well as the import or export of such equipment; 244. industries involving naturally occurring radioactive material identified by Member States as required in Article 24, and liable to lead to an effective dose to a member of the public equal to or exceeding 0.3 mSv per year. 245. Member States may require registration or licensing for types of practices other than those listed in paragraphs 2 and 3. Authorisation procedure 246. For authorisation purposes, Member States shall require the provision of information commensurate with the nature of the practice and the risks involved. 247. The information referred to in paragraph 1 shall for the purpose of granting a license cover at least the following: 248. responsibilities and organisational arrangements for protection and safety; 249. staff competences, including information and training; 250. design features of the installation and radiation sources; 251. anticipated occupational and public exposures in normal operation; 252. safety assessment of the activities and the installation in order to: (i) identify ways in which potential exposures or accidental and unintended medical exposures could occur; (ii) estimate, to the extent practicable, the probabilities and magnitude of potential exposures; (iii) assess the quality and extent of protection and safety provisions, including engineering features as well as administrative procedures; (iv) define the operational limits and conditions of operation; 253. emergency procedures and communication links; 254. maintenance, testing, inspection and servicing so as to ensure that the radiation source and the installation continue to meet the design requirements, operational limits and conditions of operation throughout their lifetime; 255. management of radioactive waste and arrangements for the disposal of such waste in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements; 256. management of disused sealed sources; 257. quality assurance. 258. A licence shall include specific conditions so as to ensure that the elements of the licence are legally enforceable or to impose appropriate restrictions on the operational limits or conditions of operation. The conditions shall also require the formal, documented implementation of the principle of optimisation. 259. Where applicable, a licence shall include a discharge authorisation issued in accordance with the requirements laid down in Chapter VIII for authorisation of the release of liquid or airborne radioactive effluent into the environment. 260. Member States shall require the undertaking to promptly notify the occurrence of any significant event resulting or liable to result in the exposure of an individual beyond the operational limits or conditions of operation specified in licensing requirements with regard to occupational or public exposure or as defined by the authorities for medical exposure. Release from regulatory control 261. The disposal, recycling or reuse of radioactive materials arising from any authorised practice is subject to authorisation. 262. The materials for disposal, recycling or reuse may be released from the requirements of this Directive provided that the concentrations of activity per unit mass: 263. do not exceed the values set out in Annex VI, part 1 of Table A; or 264. comply with specific clearance levels and associated requirements for specific materials or for materials originating from specific types of practices; these specific clearance levels, in addition to the general clearance levels referred to in (a), shall be established by the national competent authority following the general exemption criteria set out in Annex VI and taking into account technical guidance provided by the Community. 265. For the clearance of materials containing naturally occurring radionuclides, the values for the concentrations of activity per unit mass shall be those laid down in Annex VI, part 2 of Table A. Nevertheless the following requirements shall apply: 266. for practices subject to licensing as specified in Article 27(3)(f), the dose criteria for clearance of naturally occurring radionuclides shall be complied with; 267. for other licensed practices, in particular those forming part of the nuclear fuel cycle, the clearance levels shall comply with the dose criteria for clearance of materials containing artificial radionuclides; 268. for authorised practices subject to notification as specified under Article 25(3), the corresponding requirements for the placing on the market of building materials shall be complied with. 269. The deliberate dilution of radioactive residues, other than the mixing of materials that takes place in normal operation when radioactivity is not a consideration, shall not be permitted. The competent authority may authorise in specific situations the mixing of radioactive residues containing naturally occurring radioactive material with other materials to promote the reuse and recycling of these materials and to reduce public exposure. PROTECTION OF WORKERS, APPRENTICES AND STUDENTS 270. The relevant requirements for occupational exposure in this Chapter and in Articles 9, 10, 11 and 12, shall apply to the protection of workers in any exposure situation where their exposure at work or as the result of work is the legal responsibility of an undertaking or another legal person, including for instance: 271. the employer of outside workers; 272. the organisation responsible for the protection of emergency workers; 273. the organisation responsible for the remediation of contaminated land, buildings and other constructions; 274. the employer who has legal responsibility for the exposure of workers to radon at work, in the situation specified in Article 53(4). 275. The responsibility of an undertaking for occupational exposure shall extend to apprentices and students who in the course of their studies are obliged to work with radiation sources and to individuals who are self-employed or work on a voluntary basis or for a charity organisation. 276. The undertaking shall be responsible for assessing and implementing arrangements for the radiation protection of exposed workers. Operational protection of workers The operational protection of exposed workers shall be based on: 277. prior evaluation to identify the nature and magnitude of the radiological risk to exposed workers; 278. implementation of the optimisation of radiation protection in all working conditions; 279. classification of workers into different categories; 280. implementation of control measures and monitoring relating to the different areas and working conditions, including, where necessary, individual monitoring; 281. medical surveillance. Consultations with radiation protection expert Member States shall require the undertaking to consult a radiation protection expert on the examination and testing of protective devices and measuring instruments, in particular for: 282. prior critical examination of plans for installations from the point of view of radiation protection; 283. the acceptance into service of new or modified radiation sources from the point of view of radiation protection; 284. regular checking of the effectiveness of protective devices and techniques; 285. regular calibration of measuring instruments and regular checking that they are serviceable and correctly used. Arrangements in workplaces 286. For the purposes of radiation protection, arrangements shall be made as regards all workplaces where there is a possibility of exposure to ionising radiation in excess of an effective dose of 1 mSv per year or an equivalent dose of 15 mSv per year for the lens of the eye or 50 mSv per year for the skin and extremities. Such arrangements shall be appropriate to the nature of the installations and sources and to the magnitude and nature of the risks. 287. For practices involving naturally occurring radioactive material where the effective dose to workers is liable to exceed 6 mSv per year, the requirements set out in this Chapter shall apply. Where the effective dose to workers is less than or equal to 6 mSv per year the competent authorities shall at least require undertakings to keep exposures under review, taking into account the potential for protection to be improved or the potential for doses to increase over time or as a result of changes in the process or the work arrangements. 288. For undertakings operating aircraft where the effective dose to the crew from cosmic radiation is liable to exceed 6 mSv per year, the relevant requirements set out in this Chapter shall apply. Where the effective dose to the crew is less than or equal to 6 mSv per year and liable to be above 1 mSv per year, the competent authorities shall at least require undertakings to keep exposures under review, taking into account the potential for doses to change over time or as a result of changes in the work arrangements. The undertakings shall take appropriate measures, in particular: 289. to assess the exposure of the crew concerned; 290. to take into account the assessed exposure when organising working schedules with a view to reducing the doses of highly exposed crew; 291. to inform the workers concerned of the health risks their work involves and their individual dose. Classification of workplaces 292. Arrangements in workplaces shall include a classification of workplaces into different areas, where appropriate, on the basis of an assessment of the expected annual doses and the probability and magnitude of potential exposures. 293. A distinction shall be made between controlled areas and supervised areas. The competent authorities shall establish guidance on the classification of controlled and supervised areas with regard to particular circumstances. 294. The undertaking shall keep under review the working conditions in controlled and supervised areas. Requirements for controlled areas 295. The minimum requirements for a controlled area shall be the following: 296. The controlled area shall be delineated and access to it shall be restricted to individuals who have received appropriate instructions and shall be controlled in accordance with written procedures provided by the undertaking. Wherever there is a significant risk of the spread of radioactive contamination, specific arrangements shall be made, including for the access and exit of individuals and goods and for monitoring contamination within the controlled area and in the adjacent area. 297. Taking into account the nature and extent of radiological risks in the controlled area, radiological surveillance of the working environment shall be organised in accordance with the provisions of Article 37. 298. Signs indicating the type of area, the nature of the sources and their inherent risks shall be displayed. 299. Working instructions appropriate to the radiological risk associated with the sources and the operations involved shall be laid down. 300. The undertaking shall be responsible for implementation of these duties following consultations with the radiation protection expert. Requirements for supervised areas 301. The requirements for a supervised area shall be the following: 302. taking into account the nature and extent of radiological risks in the supervised area, radiological surveillance of the working environment shall be organised in accordance with the provisions of Article 37; 303. signs indicating the type of area, the nature of the sources and their inherent risks shall be displayed; Radiological surveillance of the working environment 306. The radiological surveillance of the working environment referred to in Articles 35(1)(b) and 36(1)(a) shall comprise, where appropriate: 307. the measurement of external dose rates, indicating the nature and quality of the radiation in question; 308. the measurement of the air activity concentration and the surface density of contaminating radionuclides, indicating their nature and their physical and chemical states; 309. the measurement of radon concentrations in the workplace. 310. The results of these measurements shall be recorded and shall be used, if necessary, for estimating individual doses, as provided for in Articles 39. Categorisation of exposed workers 311. For the purposes of monitoring and surveillance, a distinction shall be made between two categories of exposed workers: 312. category A: those exposed workers who are liable to receive an effective dose greater than 6 mSv per year or an equivalent dose greater than 15 mSv per year for the lens of the eye or greater than 150 mSv per year for skin and extremities; 313. category B: those exposed workers who are not classified as category A workers. 314. The distinction referred to in paragraph 1 shall be made prior to employment for work involving exposure and shall be subject to regular review on the basis of working conditions and medical surveillance. 315. For emergency workers, the distinction referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article, where appropriate, shall have no effect on the requirements for monitoring set out in Articles 37, 39 – 43 as long as the workers are not involved in an actual emergency exposure situation. Individual monitoring 316. Category A workers shall be systematically monitored based on individual measurements performed by a dosimetry service. In cases where category A workers are liable to receive significant internal exposure or significant exposure of the lens of the eye or extremities an adequate system for monitoring shall be set up. The competent authority shall give special attention to the identification of such workers. 317. Monitoring for category B workers shall be at least sufficient to demonstrate that such workers are correctly classified in category B. Member States may require individual monitoring and if necessary individual measurements, performed by a dosimetry service, for category B workers. 318. In cases where individual measurements are impossible or inadequate, the individual monitoring shall be based on an estimate arrived at either from individual measurements made on other exposed workers or from the results of the surveillance of the working environment provided for in Article 37. Monitoring in the case of accidental exposure In the case of accidental exposure, the undertaking in collaboration with the dosimetry service shall assess the relevant doses and their distribution in the body. Recording and reporting of results 319. A record containing the results of individual monitoring shall be made for each exposed worker for whom such monitoring is performed. 320. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the following information on exposed workers shall be retained: 321. a record of the exposures measured or estimated, as the case may be, of individual doses pursuant to Articles 37, 40, 51,and 52; 322. in the case of exposures as referred to in Articles 40 and 52, the reports relating to the circumstances and the action taken; 323. the results of workplace monitoring used to assess individual doses where necessary. 324. The information referred in paragraph 1 shall be retained during the period of their working life involving exposure to ionising radiation and afterwards until they have or would have attained the age of 75 years, but in any case not less than 30 years after termination of the work involving exposure. 325. Exposure as referred to in Articles 40, 51, and 52 shall be recorded separately in the dose record referred to in paragraph 1. 326. Where the results of monitoring are used for the management of planned exposure situations, appropriate arrangements shall be made for not including in the records exposures attributed to an existing exposure situation namely background external radiation or radon ingress from soil in the case of industries processing naturally occurring radioactive material. Access to the results 327. The Member States shall require that the results of the individual monitoring set out in Articles 39, 40 and 52 be: 328. made available to the competent authorities, to the undertaking, and to the employer of outside workers; 329. made available to the worker concerned in accordance with Article 43(1); 330. submitted to the occupational health services in order for them to interpret the implications of the results for human health, as provided for in Article 44; 331. submitted to the data system for individual radiological monitoring established by the Member State in accordance with paragraph 2. 332. Member States shall determine the arrangements under which the results of individual monitoring are conveyed. 333. The data system for individual radiological monitoring shall communicate at least the data listed in Annex VIII, Section A. 334. In the case of an accidental or emergency exposure, the results of individual monitoring shall be communicated without delay. 335. Member States shall require workers to have access at their request to the results of their individual monitoring, including the results of measurements which may have been used in estimating these results, or to the results of the assessment of their doses made as a result of workplace measurements. 336. Member States shall facilitate the exchange among competent authorities, occupational health services, radiation protection experts, or dosimetry services within the Union of all relevant information on the doses previously received by a worker in order to perform the medical examination prior to employment or classification as a category A worker pursuant to Article 44 and to control the further exposure of workers. Medical surveillance of exposed workers 337. The medical surveillance of exposed workers shall be based on the principles that govern occupational medicine generally. 338. The medical surveillance of category A workers shall be the responsibility of occupational health services. This medical surveillance shall allow for the state of health of workers under surveillance to be ascertained as regards their fitness for the tasks assigned to them. To this end, the occupational health services shall have access to any relevant information they require, including the environmental conditions in the working premises. 339. Medical surveillance shall include: 340. A medical examination prior to employment or classification as a category A worker to determine the worker’s fitness for a post as a category A worker for which the worker is being considered. 341. Periodic reviews of health. The state of health of all category A workers shall be reviewed at least once a year, in order to determine whether they remain fit to perform their duties. The nature of these reviews, which can be performed as many times as the occupational health services consider necessary, shall depend on the type of work and on the individual worker’s state of health. 342. The occupational health services may indicate the need for medical surveillance to continue after cessation of work for as long as they consider it necessary to safeguard the health of the person concerned. Medical classification The following medical classification shall be established with respect to fitness for work as a category A worker: 343. fit; 344. fit, subject to certain conditions; 345. unfit. Prohibition to employ or classify unfit workers No worker may be employed or classified for any period in a specific post as a category A worker if medical surveillance establishes that the worker is unfit for that specific post. 346. A medical record shall be opened for each category A worker and kept up to date so long as the worker remains a worker in that category. Thereafter, it shall be retained until the individual has or would have attained the age of 75 years, but in any case not less than 30 years after termination of the work involving exposure to ionising radiation. 347. The medical record shall include information regarding the nature of the employment, the results of the medical examinations prior to employment or classification as a category A worker, the periodic reviews of health and the record of doses required by Article 41. Special medical surveillance 348. In addition to the medical surveillance of exposed workers provided for in Article 44, provision shall be made for any further action considered necessary by the occupational health services for the health protection of exposed individuals, such as further examinations, decontamination measures or urgent remedial treatment. 349. Special medical surveillance shall be performed in each case where an annual effective dose of 50 mSv in a year or any of the other dose limits laid down in Article 10(2) has been exceeded. 350. Subsequent exposure conditions shall be subject to the agreement of the occupational health services. Member States shall lay down the procedure for appeal against the findings and decisions made pursuant to Articles 45, 46 and 48. Protection of outside workers 351. Member States shall ensure that the system for individual radiological monitoring affords outside workers equivalent protection to that for workers employed on a permanent basis by the undertaking. 352. The undertaking shall be responsible, either directly or through contractual agreements with the employer of outside workers, for the operational aspects of the radiation protection of outside workers. 353. In particular, the undertaking shall: 354. check that the outside worker concerned has been passed as medically fit for the activities to be assigned to the worker; 355. ensure that, in addition to the basic training in radiation protection referred to in Article 16, the outside worker has received specific training in connection with the characteristics of both the controlled area and the activities; 356. ensure that the outside worker has been issued with the necessary personal protective equipment; 357. ensure that the outside worker receives individual exposure monitoring appropriate to the nature of the activities, and any operational dosimetric monitoring that may be necessary; 358. ensure compliance with the system of protection as defined in Chapter III; 359. ensure or take all appropriate steps to ensure that after every activity the radiological data from individual exposure monitoring of each outside worker within the meaning of Annex VIII, Section B, point 2, are recorded. 360. Employers of outside workers shall, either directly or through contractual agreements with the undertaking, ensure that the radiation protection of their workers is in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Directive, in particular by: 361. ensuring compliance with the system of protection as defined in Chapter III; 362. providing the information and training in the field of radiation protection referred to in Article 16; 363. guaranteeing that their workers are subject to the assessment of exposure and medical surveillance under the conditions laid down in Articles 37, 39 to 48; 364. ensuring that the radiological data from the individual exposure monitoring of each of their workers within the meaning of Annex VIII, Section B, point 1, are kept up to date in the data system for individual radiological monitoring referred to in Article 42(1)(d). 365. All outside workers shall be obliged to make their own contribution as far as practicable towards the protection to be afforded to them by the radiological monitoring system referred to in paragraph 1. Specially authorised exposures 366. In exceptional circumstances evaluated case by case, excluding emergencies, the competent authorities may, where a specific operation so requires, authorise individual occupational exposures of identified volunteer workers exceeding the dose limits set out in Article 10, provided that such exposures are limited in time, confined to certain working areas and within the maximum exposure levels defined for the particular case by the competent authorities. The following conditions shall be taken into account: 367. only category A workers as defined in Article 38 may be subject to such exposures; 368. apprentices, students, pregnant women, and, if there is a risk of intake of radionuclides, breastfeeding women shall be excluded from such exposures; 369. the undertaking shall carefully justify such exposures in advance and thoroughly discuss them with the voluntary workers, their representatives, the occupational health services or the radiation protection expert; 370. information about the risks involved and the precautions to be taken during the operation shall be provided to the relevant workers in advance; 371. all doses relating to such exposures shall be separately recorded in the medical record referred to in Article 47 and the individual record referred to in Article 41. 372. The exceeding of dose limits as a result of specially authorised exposures shall not necessarily constitute a reason for excluding workers from their usual occupation or relocating them, without their agreement. 373. The exposure of space crew above the dose limits shall be managed as a specially authorised exposure. Emergency occupational exposure 374. Emergency response organisations shall ensure that no emergency worker undertakes actions resulting in doses in excess of 50 mSv, except in specific cases identified in the national emergency plan. In such cases, appropriate reference levels above 50 mSv shall be defined. In exceptional situations, in order to save life, prevent severe radiation-induced health effects, or prevent the development of catastrophic conditions, a reference level above 100 mSv may be set. 375. Emergency response organisations shall ensure that emergency workers who are liable to undertake actions whereby 50 mSv may be exceeded are volunteers who have been clearly and comprehensively informed in advance of the associated health risks and the available protection measures. 376. In the event of an emergency exposure, Member States shall require radiological monitoring and medical surveillance of emergency workers. Individual monitoring or assessment of the individual doses shall be carried out as appropriate to the circumstances. Radon in workplaces 377. Within the action plan referred to in Article 103, Member States shall establish national reference levels for indoor radon concentrations. Such reference levels shall not exceed an annual average of 1 000 Bq m-3 for workplaces. 378. Under the national action plan, Member States shall ensure that radon measurements are carried out in workplaces located on the ground floor or at basement level within radon-prone areas and in specific types of workplaces as identified in the action plan. 379. Member States shall require undertakings in which the national reference level for existing workplaces is exceeded to take appropriate action in order to reduce radon concentrations or exposures, in accordance with the principle of optimisation set out in Chapter III. 380. Where workplaces or specific rooms within a building continue to exceed the reference level despite the action taken in accordance with paragraph 3, the Member States shall manage this situation as a planned exposure situation and apply the relevant requirements for occupational exposure as specified in Article 31(d). PROTECTION OF PATIENTS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS SUBJECTED TO MEDICAL EXPOSURE 381. Medical exposure shall show a sufficient net benefit, weighing the total potential diagnostic or therapeutic benefits it produces, including the direct benefits to health or well-being of an individual and the benefits to society, against the individual detriment that the exposure might cause, taking into account the efficacy, benefits and risks of available alternative techniques having the same objective but involving no or less exposure to ionising radiation. Account shall also be taken of the individual detriment from the exposure of the medical radiological staff and other individuals. In particular the following requirements shall be applied: 382. all new types of practices involving medical exposure shall be justified in advance before being generally adopted; 383. existing types of practices involving medical exposure shall be reviewed whenever new, important evidence about their efficacy or consequences is acquired; 384. all individual medical exposures shall be justified in advance taking into account the specific objectives of the exposure and the characteristics of the individual involved. If a type of practice involving a medical exposure is not justified in general, a specific individual exposure of this type may be justified in special circumstances, to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and documented. The referrer and the practitioner shall seek, where practicable, to obtain previous diagnostic information or medical records relevant to the planned exposure and consider these data to avoid unnecessary exposure. 385. Medical exposure for biomedical and medical research shall be examined by an ethics committee, set up in accordance with national procedures and/or by the competent authorities; 386. Specific justification for medical radiological procedures to be performed as part of a health screening programme shall be carried out by the health authority in conjunction with appropriate professional bodies. 387. The exposure of carers and comforters shall show a sufficient net benefit, taking into account the direct health benefits to a patient, the benefits to the carer / comforter and the detriment that the exposure might cause. 388. Any medical radiological procedure on an asymptomatic individual, to be performed for the early detection of disease, shall be part of a health screening programme, or shall require specific documented justification for that individual by the practitioner, in consultation with the referrer, following guidelines from relevant professional bodies and competent authorities. Special attention shall be given to the provision of information to the patients, as required by Article 56(3). 389. If an exposure cannot be justified in accordance with paragraphs 1-5, it shall be prohibited. 390. All doses due to medical exposure for radiodiagnostic and interventional radiology purposes shall be kept as low as reasonably achievable consistent with obtaining the required imaging information, taking into account economic and social factors. For all medical exposure of individuals for radiotherapeutic purposes, exposures of target volumes shall be individually planned, taking into account that doses of non-target volumes and tissues shall be as low as reasonably achievable and consistent with the intended radiotherapeutic purpose of the exposure. 391. Member States shall ensure the establishment, regular review and use of diagnostic reference levels for radiodiagnostic examinations, and when appropriate, for interventional radiology procedures, and the availability of guidance for this purpose. 392. Member States shall ensure that for each biomedical and medical research project: 393. the individuals concerned participate voluntarily; 394. these individuals are informed about the risks of exposure; 395. a dose constraint is established for individuals for whom no direct medical benefit is expected from exposure; 396. in the case of patients who voluntarily accept to undergo an experimental diagnostic or therapeutic practice and who are expected to receive a diagnostic or therapeutic benefit from this practice, the dose levels concerned shall be considered on an individual basis by the practitioner and/or referrer. 397. The optimisation shall include the selection of equipment, the consistent production of adequate diagnostic information or therapeutic outcomes, the practical aspects of medical exposure procedures, quality assurance, and the assessment and evaluation of patient and staff doses or administered activities, taking into account economic and social factors. 398. Member States shall ensure that: 399. dose constraints are established for the exposure of carers and comforters; 400. appropriate guidance is established for the exposure of carers and comforters; 401. Member States shall ensure that in the case of a patient undergoing treatment or diagnosis with radionuclides, the practitioner or the undertaking, as appropriate, provides the patient or legal guardian with written instructions with a view to restricting doses to persons in contact with the patient as far as reasonably achievable and providing information on the risks of ionising radiation. These instructions shall be handed out before leaving the hospital or clinic or a similar institution. 402. The referrer and the practitioner shall be involved in the justification process as specified by Member States. 403. Member States shall ensure that any medical exposure takes place under the clinical responsibility of a practitioner. 404. The practitioner shall ensure that the patient or legal guardian is provided with adequate information relating to the benefits and risks associated with the radiation dose from the medical exposure to enable informed consent. Similar information as well as relevant guidance in accordance with Article 55(5)(b) shall be given to carers and comforters. 405. Practical aspects of medical exposure procedures may be delegated by the undertaking or the practitioner, as appropriate, to one or more individuals entitled to act in this respect in a recognised field of specialisation. 406. Written protocols for every type of standard medical radiological procedure shall be established for each equipment. 407. Member States shall ensure that referral guidelines for medical imaging, taking into account the radiation doses, are available to the referrers. 408. In medical radiological practices, a medical physics expert shall be appropriately involved, the level of involvement being commensurate with the radiological risk posed by the practice. In particular: 409. in radiotherapeutic practices other than standardised therapeutic nuclear medicine practices, a medical physics expert shall be closely involved; 410. in standardised therapeutical nuclear medicine practices as well as in radiodiagnostic and interventional radiology practices, a medical physics expert shall be involved; 411. for other simple radiodiagnostic procedures, a medical physics expert shall be involved, as appropriate, for consultation and advice on matters relating to radiation protection concerning medical exposure. 412. Clinical audits shall be carried out in accordance with national procedures. 413. Member States shall ensure that appropriate local reviews are undertaken whenever diagnostic reference levels are consistently exceeded and that corrective action is taken where appropriate. Member States shall ensure that training and recognition requirements, as laid down in Articles 81, 15 and 19, are met for the practitioner, the medical physics expert and the individuals referred to in Article 56(4). 414. Member States shall take such steps as they consider necessary with a view to avoiding unnecessary proliferation of medical radiological equipment. 416. all medical radiological equipment in use is kept under strict surveillance regarding radiation protection; 417. an up-to-date inventory of medical radiological equipment for each medical radiological installation is available to the competent authorities; 418. appropriate quality assurance programmes and dose or administered activity assessments are implemented by the undertaking; and 419. acceptance testing, involving the medical physics expert, is carried out before the first use of the equipment for clinical purposes, and performance testing is carried out thereafter on a regular basis, and after any major maintenance procedure. 420. Competent authorities shall take steps to ensure that the necessary measures are taken by the undertaking to improve inadequate or defective features of medical radiological equipment. They shall also adopt specific criteria for the acceptability of equipment in order to indicate when appropriate corrective action is necessary, including, if appropriate, taking the equipment out of service. 421. The use of fluoroscopy equipment without a device to control the dose rate, or without an image intensifier or equivalent device, shall be prohibited. 422. Any equipment used for interventional radiology and computed tomography shall have a device or a feature informing the practitioner of the quantity of radiation produced by the equipment during the medical radiological procedure. Any other medical radiodiagnostic equipment brought into use after this Directive has entered into force shall have such a device or a feature or equivalent means of determining the quantity of radiation produced. The radiation dose shall form part of the report on the examination. Special practices 423. Member States shall ensure that appropriate medical radiological equipment, practical techniques and ancillary equipment are used for medical exposure 424. of children; 425. as part of a health screening programme; 426. involving high doses to the patient, such as interventional radiology, computed tomography or radiotherapy. Special attention shall be given to quality assurance programmes and the assessment of dose or administered activity, as mentioned in Article 59(2)(c), for these practices. 427. Member States shall ensure that practitioners and those individuals referred to in Article 56(4) who perform the exposures referred to in paragraph 1 obtain appropriate training in these medical radiological practices as required by Article 19. Special protection during pregnancy and breastfeeding 428. In the case of a woman of childbearing age, the referrer and the practitioner shall inquire as specified by Member States whether she is pregnant or breastfeeding, if relevant. If pregnancy cannot be excluded, depending on the type of medical exposure, in particular if abdominal and pelvic regions are involved, special attention shall be given to the justification, particularly the urgency, and to the optimisation of the medical exposure, taking into account the exposure both of the expectant mother and the unborn child. 429. In the case of breastfeeding women, in nuclear medicine, depending on the type of medical examination or treatment, special attention shall be given to the justification, particularly the urgency, and to the optimisation of the medical exposure, taking into account the exposure both of the mother and the child. 430. Without prejudice to paragraphs 1 and 2, Member States shall take measures to increase the awareness of women to whom this Article applies, such as public notices in appropriate places. Accidental and unintended exposures Member States shall ensure that 431. all reasonable steps are taken to minimise the probability and magnitude of accidental or unintended exposures of patients from all medical radiological procedures, taking into account economic and social factors; 432. for radiotherapeutic practices the quality assurance programme includes a study of the risk of accidental or unintended exposures; 433. for all medical exposures the undertaking implements a system for the registration and analysis of events involving or potentially involving accidental or unintended exposures; 434. the undertaking declares as soon as possible to the competent authorities the occurrence of significant events as defined by the authorities, including the results of the investigation and the corrective measures to avoid such events. The competent authorities shall share this information with the competent authorities for post-market surveillance established in Council Directive 93/42/EEC concerning medical devices; 435. arrangements are made to inform the referrer, the practitioner and the patient about an unintended or accidental exposure. Estimates of population doses Member States shall ensure that the distribution of individual dose estimates from medical exposure is determined and shall take into account the age distribution and the gender of the exposed population. PROTECTION OF MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC PROTECTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC IN NORMAL CIRCUMSTANCES Principles of protection of members of the public Member States shall create the conditions necessary to ensure the best possible protection of members of the public under the prevailing circumstances, based on the principles set out in Chapter III on the system of radiation protection and applying the requirements laid down in the present Chapter. Operational protection of members of the public 436. The operational protection of members of the public in normal circumstances from practices subject to licensing shall include all arrangements and surveys for detecting and eliminating factors which, in the course of any operation involving exposure to ionising radiation, are liable to create a risk of exposure for the members of the public which cannot be disregarded from the radiation protection point of view. Such protection shall include the following tasks: 437. examination and approval of plans for installations involving an exposure risk, and of the proposed siting of such installations within the territory concerned, from the point of view of radiation protection; 438. acceptance into service of new installations involving an exposure risk, subject to adequate protection being provided against any exposure or radioactive contamination liable to extend beyond the perimeter, taking into account, if relevant, demographic, meteorological, geological, hydrological and ecological conditions; 439. examination and approval of plans for the discharge of radioactive effluents. These tasks shall be carried out in accordance with rules laid down by the competent authorities on the basis of the exposure risk involved. 440. The competent authority shall establish authorised limits for discharging radioactive effluents. These discharge authorisations shall 441. take into account the results of the optimisation of public exposure; 442. reflect good practice in the operation of similar facilities; 443. allow a margin for operational flexibility of a facility. Estimation of doses to the members of the public 444. Member States shall, on the basis of the exposure risk involved, establish a system for the estimation of doses to members of the public from planned exposure situations. 445. The competent authorities shall identify practices where a realistic assessment of doses to members of the public shall be carried out. For other practices Member States may require only a screening assessment with generic data. 446. For the realistic assessment of doses to the members of the public, the competent authority shall: 447. ensure that dose estimates for practices as referred to in Article 65 are made as realistic as possible for representative persons; 448. decide on the frequency of assessments and take all necessary steps to identify the representative person, taking into account the effective pathways for transmission of the radioactive substances; 449. ensure, taking into account the radiological risks, that the estimates of doses to members of the public include: (i) assessment of the doses due to external radiation, indicating, where appropriate, the quality of the radiation in question; (ii) assessment of the intake of radionuclides, indicating the nature of the radionuclides and, where necessary, their physical and chemical states, and determination of the activity and concentrations of these radionuclides; (iii) assessment of the doses that the representative person is liable to receive and specification of the characteristics of the representative person; 450. require records to be kept and be made available to all stakeholders relating to measurements of external exposure, estimates of intakes of radionuclides and radioactive contamination, and the results of the assessment of the doses received by the representative person. Monitoring of radioactive discharges 451. Member States shall require the undertaking responsible for practices where a discharge authorisation is granted to monitor appropriately the radioactive airborne or liquid discharges into the environment and to report the results of this monitoring to the competent authority. 452. Member States shall require any undertaking responsible for a nuclear power reactor or reprocessing plant to monitor discharges in normal operation in accordance with the standardised information selected for monitoring and reporting to the European Commission as laid down in Commission Recommendation 2004/2/Euratom[22]. Tasks for the undertakings 453. Member States shall require the undertaking to carry out the following tasks: 454. achieving and maintaining an optimal level of protection; 455. checking the effectiveness and maintenance of technical devices; 456. acceptance into service, from the point of view of surveillance of radiation protection, of equipment and procedures for measuring and assessing, as appropriate, exposure of members of the public and radioactive contamination of the environment; 458. Radiation protection experts and, as appropriate, radiation protection officers shall be involved in the performance of the tasks referred to in paragraph 1. Environmental monitoring programme Member States shall ensure that an appropriate environmental monitoring programme is in place for estimating the exposure of members of the public. EMERGENCY EXPOSURE SITUATIONS 459. Member States shall require the undertaking responsible for a practice to notify the competent authorities immediately of any emergency occurring in its facility or related to its activities and to take all appropriate action to reduce the consequences. 460. Member States shall ensure that, in the event of an emergency on its own territory, the undertaking makes an initial provisional assessment of the circumstances and consequences of the emergency and assists with protective measures. 461. Member States shall ensure that provision is made for protective measures with regard to: 462. the radiation source, to reduce or stop the direct radiation and emission of radionuclides, or to prevent exposure or contamination resulting from orphan sources; 463. the environment, to reduce the transfer of radioactive substances to individuals; 464. individuals, to reduce exposure. 465. In the event of an emergency on or outside its territory, the Member State or the emergency response authority shall require: 466. the organisation of appropriate protective measures, taking account of the real characteristics of the emergency and in accordance with the optimised protection strategy as part of the emergency response plan, whereby the elements to be included in an emergency response plan are indicated in Section B of Annex IX; 467. the assessment and recording of the consequences of the emergency and of the effectiveness of the protective measures. 468. The Member State or the emergency response authority shall, if the situation so requires, ensure that provision is made to organise the medical treatment of victims. Information to the members of the public likely to be affected in the event of an emergency 469. Member States shall ensure that the members of the public likely to be affected in the event of an emergency are given information about the health protection measures applicable to it and about the action it should take in the event of such an emergency. 470. The information supplied shall include at least the elements set out in Section A of Annex X. 471. The information shall be communicated to the members of the public referred to in paragraph 1 without any request being made. 472. Member States shall update the information and circulate it at regular intervals and whenever significant changes take place. This information shall be permanently available to the public. Information to the members of the public actually affected in the event of an emergency 473. Member States shall ensure that, when an emergency occurs, the members of the public actually affected is informed without delay of the facts of the emergency, the steps to be taken and, as appropriate, the health protection measures applicable to these members of the public. 474. The information provided shall cover those points contained in Section B of Annex X which are relevant to the type of emergency. EXISTING EXPOSURE SITUATIONS Contaminated areas 475. Strategies for managing contaminated areas shall include, where applicable, the following: 476. delineation of the affected regions and identification of the affected members of the public; 477. consideration of the need for and extent of protective measures applied to the affected regions and members of the public; 478. consideration of the need to prevent or control access to the affected regions, or to impose restrictions on living conditions in these regions; 479. assessment of the exposure of different groups in the population and assessment of the means available to individuals for controlling their own exposure; 480. objectives and long-term goals pursued by the strategy and corresponding reference levels. 481. For areas with long-lasting residual contamination in which the Member State has decided to allow habitation and the resumption of social and economic activities, Member States shall ensure, in consultation with stakeholders, that arrangements are in place, as necessary, for the ongoing control of exposure with the aim of establishing living conditions that can be considered as normal, including: 482. establishment of reference levels consistent with day-to-day life; 483. establishment of an infrastructure to support continuing self-help protective measures in the affected areas, such as information provision, advice and monitoring. Radon in dwellings and buildings with public access 484. Within the action plan referred to in Article 103, Member States shall establish national reference levels for indoor radon concentrations, which shall not exceed (as an annual average): 485. 200 Bq m-3 for new dwellings and new buildings with public access; 486. 300 Bq m-3 for existing dwellings; 487. 300 Bq m-3 for existing buildings with public access. In specific cases where the occupancy time is low, a reference level of up to 1 000 Bq m-3 can be set. 488. Under the national action plan, Member States shall 489. take action to identify existing dwellings exceeding the reference level and to encourage radon-reducing measures in existing dwellings where the reference levels are exceeded; 490. ensure that radon measurements are carried out in buildings with public access within radon-prone areas. 491. Member States shall establish specific building codes to prevent radon ingress from the soil and, as specified in the national action plan, from building materials, and require compliance with such building codes, in particular in radon-prone areas, so as to avoid radon concentrations exceeding the reference level for new buildings. 492. Member States shall provide local and national information on prevailing radon concentrations, on the associated health risks and on the technical means available for reducing existing radon concentrations. 493. The requirements in Article 75(2) to (6) shall apply to the following: 494. building materials which are identified and listed by the relevant competent authority as being of concern from the radiation protection point of view, taking into account the indicative list of materials set out in Annex XI with regard to their emitted gamma radiation; or 495. building materials which the authority has assessed to be of concern in the national action plan for radon, as specified in Article 103. 496. For identified types of building materials, the industries placing such materials on the market 497. shall determine the concentrations of the radionuclides specified in Annex VII; 498. shall provide information to the competent authority on the results of measurements and the corresponding activity concentration index, as defined in Annex VII. 499. The competent authority shall ensure that identified types of building materials are classified, as laid down in Annex VII, on the basis of their intended use and activity concentration index. 500. Identified types of building materials which are not liable to give doses exceeding the reference level of 1 mSv per year for indoor external exposure from building materials, in excess of prevailing outdoor external exposure, shall be exempt from requirements at national level, without prejudice to Article 103. Such building materials shall nevertheless be further monitored to ensure that the activity concentration continues to comply with this reference level. Building materials of category A as specified in Annex VII shall be exempt from any restrictions with regard to their placing on the market in the Union. 501. For identified types of building materials which are liable to give doses exceeding the reference level of 1 mSv per year for indoor external exposure from building materials, in excess of the prevailing outdoor external exposure, the competent authority shall decide on appropriate measures, ranging from registration and general application of relevant building codes to specific restrictions on the envisaged use of such materials. 502. Information on identified types of building materials, relevant to the implementation of building codes, including their radionuclide concentrations, activity concentration index and corresponding classification, shall be made available prior to their placing on the market. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Environmental criteria Member States shall include, in their legal framework for radiation protection and in particular within the overall system of human health protection, provision for the radiation protection of non-human species in the environment. This legal framework shall introduce environmental criteria aiming to protect populations of vulnerable or representative non-human species in the light of their significance as part of the ecosystem. Where appropriate, types of practices shall be identified for which regulatory control is warranted in order to implement the requirements of this legal framework. Authorised limits on discharges Member States’ competent authorities, when establishing authorised limits on discharges of radioactive effluents, in accordance with Article 65(2), shall also ensure adequate protection of non-human species. For this purpose, a generic screening assessment may be conducted to provide assurance that the environmental criteria are met. Accidental releases Member States shall require undertakings to take appropriate technical measures to avoid significant environmental damage in the event of an accidental release or to mitigate the extent of such damage. When establishing environmental monitoring programmes, or requiring such programmes to be carried out, Member States’ competent authorities shall include representative non-human species, if necessary, and also environmental media which constitute a pathway of exposure for members of the public. REQUIREMENTS FOR REGULATORY CONTROL INSTITUTIONAL INFRASTRUCTURE 503. Member States shall designate the competent authority or authorities to carry out tasks in accordance with this Directive. 504. Member States shall forward to the Commission the name and address of the competent authority or authorities and their respective areas of competence to ensure rapid communication with such authorities. 505. Where a Member State has more than one competent authority for the control of high-activity sealed sources and orphan sources, it shall designate one point of contact for communication with the competent authorities of other Member States. 506. Member States shall forward to the Commission any changes to the information referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3. 507. The Commission shall communicate the information referred to in paragraphs 2, 3 and 4 to all competent authorities and shall publish it periodically in the Official Journal of the European Union, at intervals of no more than two years. Recognition of services and experts 508. Member States shall make the necessary arrangements for the recognition of: 509. occupational health services; 510. dosimetry services; 511. radiation protection experts; 512. medical physics experts. Member States shall ensure that the necessary arrangements are in place to ensure the continuity of expertise of these services and experts. 513. Member States shall specify the recognition requirements and communicate them to the Commission together with the name and address of the competent authorities in charge of recognition. Member States shall communicate any changes to this information. 514. Member States shall specify other services or experts requiring particular radiation protection qualifications and, where appropriate, the process for the recognition of such qualifications. 515. The Commission shall make the information received in accordance with paragraph 2 available to the Member States. Occupational health services shall perform medical surveillance of exposed workers with regard to their exposure to ionising radiation and their fitness for the tasks assigned to them. Dosimetry services Dosimetry services shall determine the internal and external dose to exposed workers subject to individual monitoring in order to record the dose in cooperation with the undertaking and the occupational health service. Dosimetry services shall include the calibration, reading and interpretation of individual monitoring devices, and the measurement of radioactivity in the human body and in biological samples. Radiation protection expert 516. The radiation protection expert shall, on the basis of professional judgment, measurements and assessments, give competent advice to the undertaking on matters relating to occupational exposure and public exposure. 517. The advice of the radiation protection expert shall cover, but not be limited to, the following: 518. plans for new installations and the acceptance into service of new or modified radiation sources in relation to any engineering controls, design features, safety features and warning devices relevant to radiation protection; 519. the categorisation of controlled and supervised areas; 520. the classification of workers; 521. the content of workplace and individual monitoring programmes; 522. the appropriate radiation monitoring instrumentation to be used; 523. the appropriate methods of personal dosimetry; 524. the optimisation and establishment of appropriate dose constraints, 525. quality assurance; 526. the environmental monitoring programme; 527. radioactive waste disposal requirements; 528. the arrangements for prevention of accidents and incidents; 529. preparedness and response in emergency exposure situations; 530. training and retraining programmes for exposed workers. 531. Where appropriate, the task of the radiation protection expert may be carried out by a group of specialists who together have the necessary expertise. Medical physics expert 532. Within the health care environment, the medical physics expert shall, as appropriate, act or give specialist advice on matters relating to radiation physics as applied to medical exposure. 533. Depending on the medical radiological practice, the medical physics expert shall take responsibility for dosimetry, including physical measurements for evaluation of the dose delivered to the patient, give advice on medical radiological equipment, and contribute in particular to the following: 534. optimisation of the radiation protection of patients and other individuals subjected to medical exposure, including the application and use of diagnostic reference levels; 535. the definition and performance of quality assurance of the medical radiological equipment; 536. the preparation of technical specifications for medical radiological equipment and installation design; 537. the surveillance of the medical radiological installations with regard to radiation protection; 538. the selection of equipment required to perform radiation protection measurements; 539. the training of practitioners and other staff in relevant aspects of radiation protection. Where appropriate, the task of the medical physics expert may be carried out by a medical physics service. Radiation protection officer 540. Member States shall decide in which practices the designation of a radiation protection officer is necessary to perform radiation protection tasks within an undertaking. Member States shall require undertakings to provide the radiation protection officers with the means necessary for them to carry out their duties. The radiation protection officer shall report directly to the undertaking. 541. Depending on the nature of the practice, the tasks of the radiation protection officer may include the following: 542. ensuring that work with radiation is carried out in accordance with the requirements of any specified procedures or local rules; 543. supervise implementation of the programme for workplace monitoring; 544. maintaining adequate records of radioactive sources; 545. carrying out periodic assessments of the condition of the relevant safety and warning systems; 546. supervise implementation of the personal monitoring programme; 547. supervise implementation of the health surveillance programme; 548. providing new employees with an introduction to local rules and procedures; 549. giving advice and comments on work plans; 550. authorising work plans; 551. providing reports to the local management; 552. participating in the arrangements for prevention, preparedness and response for emergency exposure situations; 553. liaising with the radiation protection expert. The task of the radiation protection officer may be carried out by a radiation protection unit established within an undertaking. CONTROL OF SEALED SOURCES 554. Member States shall make arrangements for keeping adequate control of sealed sources with regard to their location, use and disuse. 555. Member States shall require the undertaking to keep records of all such sources under its responsibility, their location and their transfer. 556. Member States shall set up a system to enable them to be adequately informed of individual transfers of sealed sources, where necessary, and in any event of transfers of high-activity sealed sources. 557. Member States shall require each undertaking holding a sealed source to notify the competent authority promptly of any loss, theft or unauthorised use of a sealed source. Requirements for control of high-activity sealed sources Member States shall ensure that, before issuing authorisation for practices involving a high-activity sealed source: 558. adequate arrangements have been made for the safe management and security of sources, including when they become disused sources. Such arrangements may provide for the transfer of disused sources to the supplier or their placement in a disposal or storage facility or an obligation for the manufacturer or the supplier to receive them; 559. adequate provision, by way of a financial security or any other equivalent means appropriate for the source in question, has been made for the safe management of sources when they become disused sources, including the case where the undertaking becomes insolvent or ceases its activities. Specific requirements for licensing of high-activity sealed sources In addition to the general licensing requirements set out in Chapter V, Member States shall ensure that the licence for the manufacture, use or taking possession of a high-activity sealed source includes: 560. minimum performance criteria for the source, source container and additional equipment; 561. work procedures to be followed; 562. adequate management of disused sources, including agreements regarding the transfer, if appropriate, of disused sources to a manufacturer, a supplier, another authorised undertaking or a waste disposal or storage facility. Record keeping by the undertakings Member States shall require that the records for high-activity sealed sources include the information set out in Annex XII and that the undertaking provides the competent authorities with a copy of all or part of these records upon request and at least as set out in Annex XIII. The undertaking’s records shall be available for inspection by the competent authority. Record keeping by the competent authorities The competent authorities shall keep records of undertakings authorised to perform practices with high-activity sealed sources and of the high-activity sealed sources they hold. These records shall include the radionuclide involved, the activity at the time of manufacture or, if this activity is not known, the activity at the time of the first placing on the market or at the time the undertaking acquired the source, and the type of source. The competent authorities shall keep the records up to date, taking transfers of the sources and other factors into account. Security of high-activity sealed sources 563. The undertaking carrying out activities involving high activity sealed sources shall comply with requirements set out in Annex XIV. 564. The manufacturer, the supplier, and each undertaking shall ensure that high-activity sealed sources and containers comply with the requirements for identification and marking as set out in Annex XV. ORPHAN SOURCES Detection of orphan sources 565. Member States shall require any person encountering an orphan source to promptly notify the emergency organisation or the competent authority and to refrain from any further action on the source until these bodies have given appropriate instructions. 566. Member States shall make arrangements for the establishment of systems to detect orphan sources in places such as large metal scrap yards and major metal scrap recycling installations where orphan sources may generally be encountered, or at significant nodal transit points, wherever appropriate, such as customs posts. 567. Member States shall ensure that specialised technical advice and assistance is promptly made available to persons who work in the places referred to in paragraph 2 and who are not normally involved in operations subject to radiation protection requirements. The primary aim of advice and assistance shall be the protection of workers and members of the public from radiation and the safety of the source. Metal contamination Member States shall require that a metal scrap recycling installation promptly notifies the competent authority of any melting of an orphan source and shall require that the contaminated metal not be further processed without authorisation by the competent authority. Recovery, management and disposal of orphan sources 568. Member States shall ensure that the competent authorities are prepared, or have made provision, including assignment of responsibilities, to recover orphan sources and to deal with emergencies due to orphan sources and have drawn up appropriate response plans and measures. 569. Member States shall ensure that campaigns are organised, as appropriate, to recover orphan sources left behind from past practices. The campaigns may include the financial participation of Member States in the costs of recovering, managing and disposing of the sources and may also include surveys of historical records of authorities, such as customs, and of undertakings, such as research institutes, material testing institutes or hospitals. Financial security for orphan sources Member States shall ensure that, on the basis of arrangements to be decided by Member States, a financial security system or other equivalent means is established to cover intervention costs relating to the recovery of orphan sources and which may result from implementation of Article 95. Emergency management system 570. Member States shall ensure that account is taken of the fact that emergencies may occur on their territory and that they may be affected by emergencies occurring outside their territory. Member States shall establish an emergency management system and adequate administrative provisions to maintain such a system. 571. The emergency management system shall be designed to be commensurate with the results of a threat assessment and to be able to respond effectively to emergency exposure situations in connection with practices or unforeseen events, including malevolent acts and the discovery of orphan sources. 572. The emergency management system shall provide for the establishment of emergency response plans with the objective of avoiding deterministic effects in any individual from the affected members of the public and reducing the risk of stochastic effects, taking account of the general principles of radiation protection and the reference levels referred to in Chapter III. The emergency management system shall include the elements listed in Section A of Annex IX. 573. Member States shall ensure that emergency response plans are established in advance for the various types of emergencies identified by the threat assessment. 574. Member States shall ensure that emergency response plans are tested, reviewed and revised at regular intervals. 575. The emergency response plans shall, where appropriate, incorporate relevant elements of the emergency management system referred to in Article 97. 576. The emergency response plans shall include the elements defined in Section B of Annex IX. 577. Member States shall cooperate with other Member States and third countries in addressing possible emergencies on their own territory which may affect other Member States or third countries, in order to facilitate the organisation of radiological protection in these Member States or third countries. 578. Member States shall, in the event of an emergency occurring on their territory or likely to have radiological consequences on its territory, establish contact to obtain the cooperation of any other Member State or third country which may be involved. 579. Member States shall promptly exchange information and cooperate with other relevant Member States or third countries and with relevant international organisations regarding the loss, removal, theft or discovery of high-activity sealed sources, other radioactive sources and radioactive material of concern and regarding related follow-up or investigations, without prejudice to relevant confidentiality requirements and relevant national legislation. Programmes on existing exposure situations 580. Member States shall ensure that programmes are established to identify and evaluate existing exposure situations and to determine which occupational and public exposures are of concern from a radiation protection point of view. 581. The requirements for existing exposure situations shall apply to: 582. exposure due to contamination of areas by residual radioactive material from: (i) past activities that were never subject to regulatory control or were not regulated in accordance with the requirements laid down by this Directive; (ii) an emergency, after the emergency exposure situation has been declared ended, as provided for in the emergency management system; (iii) residues from past activities for which the undertaking is no longer legally accountable; 583. exposure to natural radiation sources, including: (i) indoor exposure to radon and thoron, in workplaces, dwellings and other buildings; (ii) indoor external exposure from building materials; 584. exposure to commodities incorporating (i) radionuclides from contaminated areas specified in point (a), or (ii) naturally occurring radionuclides, in particular in foodstuffs, drinking water and building materials; 585. other existing exposure situations which cannot be disregarded from a radiation protection point of view. 586. Member States may decide, having regard to the general principle of justification, that an existing exposure situation warrants no consideration of protective measures. 587. Existing exposure situations which are the legal responsibility of an undertaking and which are of concern from a radiation protection point of view shall be subject to the relevant requirements for planned exposure situations. Establishment of strategies 588. Member States shall arrange for the establishment of strategies to ensure that existing exposure situations are managed appropriately and that the resources made available for their management are commensurate with the risks and with the effectiveness of protective measures. 589. The competent authority charged with establishing a strategy for managing an existing exposure situation shall ensure that the strategy contains: 590. the objectives pursued by the strategy; 591. appropriate reference levels, taking into account the bands of reference levels laid down in Annex I. Implementation of strategies 592. Member States shall assign responsibilities to a competent authority for the implementation of strategies for the management of existing exposures, and, as appropriate, to registrants, licensees and other parties involved in the implementation of remedial and protective measures, and shall provide as appropriate for the involvement of stakeholders in decisions regarding the development and implementation of strategies for managing exposures. 593. The form, scale and duration of all protective measures considered for implementation of a strategy shall be optimised. 594. The distribution of residual doses that has resulted from the implementation of a strategy shall be assessed. Further efforts shall be considered with the aim of reducing any exposures that are still above the reference level. 595. Throughout the implementation of a strategy, the competent authority shall regularly: 596. evaluate the available remedial and protective measures for achieving the objectives and the efficiency of planned and implemented measures; 597. provide information to exposed individuals on the potential health risks and on the available means for reducing their own exposure; 598. provide guidance for the management of exposures at individual or local level; 599. with regard to activities that involve naturally occurring radioactive material and are not managed as planned exposure situations, provide information to undertakings on appropriate means for monitoring concentrations and exposures and for taking protective measures in the context of overall health and safety requirements. Radon action plan 600. Member States shall establish an action plan to manage long-term risks from radon exposures in dwellings, buildings with public access and workplaces for any source of radon ingress, whether from soil, building materials or water. The action plan shall take into account the issues set out in Annex XVI. 601. Member States shall forward the action plan and information on any identified radon-prone areas to the Commission. Member States shall update the action plan and information on radon-prone areas on a regular basis. SYSTEM OF ENFORCEMENT 602. Member States shall establish a system or systems of inspection to enforce the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive and to initiate surveillance and corrective action wherever necessary. 603. The competent authority shall establish a systematic inspection programme taking into account the potential magnitude and nature of the hazard associated with practices, a general assessment of radiation protection issues in the practices, and the state of compliance with the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive. 604. Member States shall ensure that the findings from each inspection are recorded and the reports communicated to the undertaking concerned. 605. Member States shall make the inspection programme and the main findings from its implementation available to the public. 606. The competent authority shall ensure that mechanisms are in place for the timely dissemination to relevant parties, including manufacturers and suppliers of sources and, where appropriate, international organisations, of protection and safety information concerning lessons learned from inspections and from reported incidents and accidents and related findings. Member States shall ensure that the competent authority has the power to require the undertaking to take action to remedy deficiencies and prevent their recurrence or to withdraw, where appropriate, authorisation when the results of a regulatory inspection or another regulatory assessment indicate that the undertaking is not in compliance with the provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive. The Member States shall lay down the rules on penalties applicable to infringements of the national provisions adopted pursuant to this Directive and shall take all measures necessary to ensure that they are implemented. The penalties provided for must be effective, proportionate and dissuasive. The Member States shall notify those provisions to the Commission by the date specified in Article 107 at the latest and shall notify it without delay of any subsequent amendment affecting them. 607. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive by 00.00.0000 at the latest. The provisions laid down in Chapter IX with regard to the protection of the environment shall be transposed by 00.00.0000. 608. When Member States adopt these provisions, they shall contain a reference to this Directive or shall be accompanied by such reference on the occasion of their official publication. Member States shall determine how such reference is to be made. 609. Member States shall communicate to the Commission the text of the provisions of national law which they adopt in the field covered by this Directive and a correlation table between those provisions and this Directive. Directives 89/618/Euratom, 90/641/Euratom, 96/29/Euratom, 97/43/Euratom, 2003/122/Euratom shall be repealed with effect from 00.00.0000. The Directive shall enter into force on the twentieth day following that of its publication in the Official Journal of the European Union. This Directive is addressed to the Member States. Done at Brussels, For the Council Bands of reference levels for public exposure 1. The optimisation of public exposures in emergency and existing exposure situations shall be based on a reference level to be established within the following bands, expressed in mSv effective dose (acute or annual): 610. greater than 20 and less or equal to 100 611. greater than 1 and less or equal to 20 612. 1 or less. The choice of the reference level shall fulfil the conditions set out in points 2-5. 2. Without prejudice to reference levels set for organ doses, reference levels expressed in effective doses shall be set in the range of 1 to 20 mSv per year for existing exposure situations and 20 to 100 mSv for emergency exposure situations. 3. In specific situations, a reference level below ranges referred to in point 1 may be considered, in particular: (a) a reference level below 20 mSv may be set in an emergency exposure situation where appropriate protection can be provided without causing a disproportionate detriment from the corresponding countermeasures or an excessive cost; (b) a reference level below 1 mSv per year may be set, where appropriate, in an existing exposure situation for specific source-related exposures or pathways of exposure. 4. For the transition from an emergency exposure situation to an existing exposure situation, appropriate reference levels shall be set, in particular upon the termination of long-term countermeasures such as relocation. 5. The reference levels set shall take account of the features of prevailing situations as well as societal criteria, which may include the following: - (a) for exposures below 1 mSv or 1 mSv per year, general information on the level of exposure, without specific consideration of individual exposures; - (b) in the range up to 20 mSv or 20 mSv per year, specific information to enable individuals to manage their own exposure, if possible; - (c) in the range up to 100 mSv or 100 mSv per year, assessment of individual doses and specific information on radiation risks and on available actions to reduce exposures. ANNEX II Activity values defining high-activity sealed sources For radionuclides not listed in the table below, the relevant activity level is identical to the D-value defined in the IAEA publication ‘Dangerous quantities of radioactive material (D-values)’, (EPR-D-VALUES 2006). Radionuclide \| Activity level (TBq) \| Am-241 \| 6[pic]10-2 \| Am-241/Be \| 6[pic]10-2 \| Cf-252 \| 2[pic]10-2 \| Cm-244 \| 5[pic]10-2 \| Co-60 \| 3[pic]10-2 \| Cs-137 \| 1[pic]10-1 \| Gd-153 \| 1[pic]100 \| Ir-192 \| 8[pic]10-2 \| Pm-147 \| 4[pic]101 \| Pu-238 \| 6[pic]10-2 \| Pu-239/Be[23] \| 6[pic]10-2 \| Ra-226 \| 4[pic]10-2 \| Se-75 \| 2[pic]10-1 \| Sr-90 (Y-90) \| 1[pic]100 \| Tm-170 \| 2[pic]101 \| Yb-169 \| 3[pic]10-1 \| ANNEX III Placing on the market of apparatus or products A. Any undertaking intending to place on the market apparatus or products shall provide the competent authorities with all relevant information as to the: 613. technical characteristics of the apparatus or product; 614. in the case of apparatus containing radioactive substances, information on the means of fixation of the source in a holder and on shielding; 615. dose rates at relevant distances for the use of the apparatus or product, including dose rates at a distance of 0.1 m from any accessible surface; 616. intended use of the apparatus or product and information on the relative performance of the new apparatus or product compared to existing ones; 617. expected doses to regular users of the apparatus or product. B. The competent authorities shall assess the information, listed in Section A and in particular shall assess: 618. whether the performance of the apparatus or product justifies its intended use; 619. whether the design is adequate in order to reduce exposures in normal use and the likelihood and consequences of misuse or accidental exposures; 620. in the case of a consumer product, whether the product is adequately designed to meet the exemption criteria and does not necessitate specific precautions for disposal when no longer in use; 621. in the case of apparatus or products for use in practices exempted from authorisation, whether conditions for disposal are adequate; 622. whether the apparatus or product is appropriately labelled and suitable documentation is provided to the customer with instructions for proper use and disposal. ANNEX IV Practices involving non-medical imaging exposure For the purposes of Article 23, the following list of practices involving non-medical imaging exposure shall be taken into account: A. Procedures implemented by medical staff using medical radiological equipment: 623. Radiological health assessment for employment purposes; 624. Radiological health assessment for immigration purposes; 625. Radiological health assessment for insurance purposes; 626. Radiological health assessment for other purposes not intended to benefit the health and well-being of the exposed individual; 627. Radiological evaluation of the physical development of children and adolescents with a view to a career in sports, dancing, etc.; 628. Radiological age assessment; 629. Use of ionising radiation for the identification of concealed objects within the human body. B. Procedures implemented by non-medical staff using non-medical equipment: 630. Use of ionising radiation for detection of concealed objects on or attached to the human body; 631. Use of ionising radiation for detection of concealed humans as part of cargo screening; 632. Other practices involving the use of ionising radiation for legal or security purposes. List of industrial practices involving naturally occurring radioactive material For the purposes of Article 24, the following list of industrial practices involving naturally occurring radioactive material, including relevant secondary processes, shall be taken into account: 633. extraction of rare earths from monazite; 634. production of thorium compounds and manufacture of thorium-containing products; 635. processing of niobium/tantalum ore; 636. oil and gas production; 637. geothermal energy production; 638. TiO2 pigment production; 639. thermal phosphorus production; 640. zircon and zirconium industry; 641. production of phosphate fertilisers; 642. cement production, maintenance of clinker ovens; 643. coal-fired power plants, maintenance of boilers; 644. phosphoric acid production; 645. primary iron production; 646. tin/lead/copper smelting; 647. ground water filtration facilities; 648. mining of ores other than uranium ore. ANNEX VI Exemption and clearance criteria 1. Exemption Practices may be exempted from requirements of this Directive either directly, on the basis of compliance with numerical exemption criteria (activity values (Bq) or concentration values (Bq g-1)) laid down in this Annex (section 2), or through a regulatory decision, on the basis of the information provided in conjunction with the notification of the practice and in line with general exemption criteria (section 3), to exempt the practice from further requirements. 2. Exemption and clearance values The total activity values (Bq) for exemption apply to the total activity involved in a practice and are laid down in column 3 of Table B for artificial radionuclides and for some naturally occurring radionuclides used in consumer products. For other practices involving naturally occurring radionuclides, such values are in general not applicable. The exempt activity concentration values (Bq g-1) for the materials involved in the practice are laid down in Table A, Part 1 for artificial radionuclides and in Table A, Part 2 for naturally occurring radionuclides. The values in Table A1, Part 1 are given for individual radionuclides, where applicable including short-lived radionuclides in equilibrium with the parent nuclide as indicated. The values in Table A, Part 2 apply to all radionuclides in the decay chain of U-238 or Th-232, but for segments of the decay chain which are not in equilibrium with the parent radionuclide higher values may be applied. The concentration values in Table A, Part 1 or in Table A, Part 2 also apply to the clearance of solid materials for re-use, recycling, conventional disposal or incineration. Higher values may be defined for specific materials or specific pathways, taking Community guidance into account, including where appropriate additional requirements in terms of surface activity or monitoring requirements. For mixtures of artificial radionuclides, the weighted sum of nuclide-specific activities or concentrations (for various radionuclides contained in the same matrix) divided by the corresponding exemption value shall be less than unity. Where appropriate this condition can be verified on the basis of best estimates of the composition of the radionuclide mix. The values in Table A, Part 2 apply individually to each parent nuclide. Some elements in the decay chain, e.g. Po-210 or Pb-210, may warrant the use of values significantly higher, by up to two orders of magnitude, taking Community guidance into account. The values in Table A, Part 2 may not be used to exempt the incorporation into building materials of residues from industries processing naturally occurring radioactive material. Such recycling of residues from identified industries shall be managed as an authorised practice or be exempted on the basis of the general exemption criteria laid down in section 3. For this purpose, compliance of the sum of radionuclide concentrations with the appropriate value of the radionuclide index I for building materials as defined in Annex VII shall be verified. The values laid down in Table B, column 3, apply to the total inventory of radioactive substances held by a person or undertaking as part of a specific practice at any point in time. However, the regulatory authority may apply these values to smaller entities or packages, for instance to exempt the transport or storage of exempted consumer products, if the general exemption criteria in section 3 are satisfied. 3. General exemption and clearance criteria The general criteria for the exemption of notified practices or the clearance of materials from authorised practices are as follows: (a) the radiological risks to individuals caused by the practice are sufficiently low as to be of no regulatory concern; and (b) the type of practice has been determined to be justified; and (c) the practice is inherently safe. Practices involving small amounts of radioactive substances or low activity concentrations, comparable to the exemption values laid down in Tables A, Part 1 or B, and in general all practices involving naturally occurring radionuclides are deemed to fulfil criterion (c). Practices involving amounts of radioactive substances or activity concentrations below the exemption values laid down in Table A, Part 1 or Table B automatically comply with criterion (a) without further consideration. This is also the case for the values in Table A, Part 2, with the exception of the recycling of residues in building materials or the case of specific exposure pathways, for instance drinking water. For notified practices not complying with these values, an assessment shall be made of the resulting exposure of individuals. For compliance with the general criterion (a), it shall be demonstrated that the following dose criteria are met in all feasible circumstances: For artificial radionuclides: The effective dose expected to be incurred by an individual due to the exempted practice is of the order of 10 µSv or less in a year. For naturally occurring radionuclides: The dose increment, allowing for the prevailing background radiation from natural radiation sources, liable to be incurred by an individual due to the exempted practice is of the order of 300 µSv or less in a year for members of the public and less than 1 mSv for workers. The assessment of doses to members of the public shall take into account not only pathways of exposure through airborne or liquid effluent, but also pathways resulting from the disposal or recycling of solid residues. TABLE A: Activity concentration values for exemption or clearance of materials which can be applied by default to any amount and to any type of solid material. Radionuclide \| Activity concentration (Bq g-1) \| H-3 \| 100 \| Be-7 \| 10 \| C-14 \| 1 \| F-18 \| 10 \| Na-22 \| 0.1 \| Na-24 \| 1 \| Si-31 \| 1000 \| P-32 \| 1000 \| S-35 \| 100 \| Cl-36 \| 1 \| Cl-38 \| 10 \| K-42 \| 100 \| K-43 \| 10 \| Ca-45 \| 100 \| Ca-47 \| 10 \| Sc-46 \| 0.1 \| Sc-47 \| 100 \| Sc-48 \| 1 \| V-48 \| 1 \| Cr-51 \| 100 \| Mn-51 \| 10 \| Mn-52 \| 1 \| Mn-52m \| 10 \| Mn-53 \| 100 \| Mn-54 \| 0.1 \| Fe-52a \| 10 \| Fe-55 \| 1000 \| Fe-59 \| 1 \| Co-55 \| 10 \| Co-56 \| 0.1 \| Co-57 \| 1 \| Co-58m \| 10 000 \| Co-60m \| 1000 \| Co-61 \| 100 \| Co-62m \| 10 \| Ni-59 \| 100 \| Ni-65 \| 10 \| Cu-64 \| 100 \| Zn-65 \| 0.1 \| Zn-69 \| 1000 \| Zn-69ma \| 10 \| Ga-72 \| 10 \| Ge-71 \| 10000 \| As-73 \| 1000 \| As-74 \| 10 \| Se-75 \| 1 \| Br-82 \| 1 \| Rb-86 \| 100 \| Sr-85 \| 1 \| Sr-85m \| 100 \| Sr-89 \| 1000 \| Sr-90a \| 1 \| Sr-91a \| 10 \| Sr-92 \| 10 \| Y-90 \| 1000 \| Y-91 \| 100 \| Y-91m \| 100 \| Zr-93 \| 10 \| Zr-95a \| 1 \| Zr-97a \| 10 \| Nb-93m \| 10 \| Nb-94 \| 0.1 \| Nb-95 \| 1 \| Nb-97a \| 10 \| Nb-98 \| 10 \| Mo-90 \| 10 \| Mo-99a \| 10 \| Mo-101a \| 10 \| Tc-96 \| 1 \| Tc-96m \| 1000 \| Tc-97 \| 10 \| Tc-97m \| 100 \| Ru-97 \| 10 \| Ru-103a \| 1 \| Ru-105a \| 10 \| Ru-106a \| 0.1 \| Rh-103m \| 10000 \| Rh-105 \| 100 \| Pd-103a \| 1000 \| Pd-109a \| 100 \| Ag-105 \| 1 \| Ag-110ma \| 0.1 \| Ag-111 \| 100 \| Cd-109a \| 1 \| Cd-115a \| 10 \| Cd-115ma \| 100 \| In-111 \| 10 \| In-113m \| 100 \| In-114ma \| 10 \| Sn-113a \| 1 \| Sn-125 \| 10 \| Sb-122 \| 10 \| Sb-124 \| 1 \| Sb-125a \| 0.1 \| Te-123m \| 1 \| Te-125m \| 1000 \| Te-127 \| 1000 \| Te-127ma \| 10 \| Te-129 \| 100 \| Te-132a \| 1 \| Te-133 \| 10 \| Te-133m \| 10 \| I-123 \| 100 \| I-126 \| 10 \| I-129 \| 0.01 \| Cs-129 \| 10 \| Cs-131 \| 1000 \| Cs-134 \| 0.1 \| Cs-134m \| 1000 \| Cs-135 \| 100 \| Cs-136 \| 1 \| Cs-137a \| 0.1 \| Ba-131 \| 10 \| Ba-140 \| 1 \| La-140 \| 1 \| Ce-139 \| 1 \| Ce-141 \| 100 \| Ce-143 \| 10 \| Pr-142 \| 100 \| Pr-143 \| 1000 \| Nd-147 \| 100 \| Pm-147 \| 1000 \| Sm-151 \| 1000 \| Sm-153 \| 100 \| Eu-152 \| 0.1 \| Eu-152m \| 100 \| Eu-155 \| 1 \| Gd-153 \| 10 \| Gd-159 \| 100 \| Tb-160 \| 1 \| Dy-165 \| 1000 \| Dy-166 \| 100 \| Ho-166 \| 100 \| Er-169 \| 1000 \| Er-171 \| 100 \| Tm-170 \| 100 \| Tm-171 \| 1000 \| Yb-175 \| 100 \| Lu-177 \| 100 \| Hf-181 \| 1 \| Ta-182 \| 0.1 \| W-181 \| 10 \| W-185 \| 1000 \| Re-186 \| 1000 \| Re-188 \| 100 \| Os-185 \| 1 \| Os-191 \| 100 \| Os-191m \| 1000 \| Ir-190 \| 1 \| Ir-194 \| 100 \| Pt-191 \| 10 \| Pt-193m \| 1000 \| Pt-197 \| 1000 \| Pt-197m \| 100 \| Au-198 \| 10 \| Au-199 \| 100 \| Hg-197 \| 100 \| Hg-197m \| 100 \| Hg-203 \| 10 \| Tl-200 \| 10 \| Tl-201 \| 100 \| Tl-204 \| 1 \| Pb-203 \| 10 \| Bi-206 \| 1 \| Bi-207 \| 0.1 \| Po-203 \| 10 \| At-211 \| 1000 \| Ra-225 \| 10 \| Ra-227 \| 100 \| Th-226 \| 1000 \| Th-229 \| 0.1 \| Pa-230 \| 10 \| U-230 \| 10 \| U-231a \| 100 \| U-232a \| 0.1 \| U-233 \| 1 \| U-237 \| 100 \| Np-237a \| 1 \| Np-239 \| 100 \| Np-240 \| 10 \| Pu-234 \| 100 \| Pu-236 \| 1 \| Pu-238 \| 0.1 \| Pu-241 \| 10 \| Pu-243 \| 1000 \| Pu-244a \| 0.1 \| Am-241 \| 0.1 \| Am-242 \| 1000 \| Am-242ma \| 0.1 \| Am-243a \| 0.1 \| Cm-242 \| 10 \| Cm-243 \| 1 \| Cm-245 \| 0.1 \| Cm-247a \| 0.1 \| Bk-249 \| 100 \| Cf-246 \| 1000 \| Cf-248 \| 1 \| Cf-249 \| 0.1 \| Cf-253 \| 100 \| Es-253 \| 100 \| Es-254a \| 0.1 \| Es-254ma \| 10 \| Fm-254 \| 10000 \| Fm-255 \| 100 \| a Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose dose contributions are taken into account in the dose calculation (thus requiring only the exemption level of the parent radionuclide to be considered), are listed in the following table: Parent radionuclide \| Progeny \| Fe-52 \| Mn-52m \| Zn-69m \| Zn-69 \| Sr-90 \| Y-90 \| Sr-91 \| Y-91m \| Zr-95 \| Nb-95 \| Zr-97 \| Nb-97m, Nb-97 \| Nb-97 \| Nb-97m \| Mo-99 \| Tc-99m \| Mo-101 \| Tc-101 \| Ru-103 \| Rh-103m \| Ru-106 \| Rh-106 \| Pd-103 \| Rh-103m \| Pd-109 \| Ag-109m \| Ag-110m \| Ag-110 \| Cd-109 \| Ag-109m \| Cd-115 \| In-115m \| Cd-115m \| In-115m \| In-114m \| In-114 \| Sn-113 \| In-113m \| Sb-125 \| Te-125m \| Te-127m \| Te-127 \| Te132 \| I-132 \| Cs-137 \| Ba-137m \| Ce-144 \| Pr-144, Pr-144m \| U-232 \| Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 \| U-240 \| Np-240m, Np-240 \| Np237 \| Pa-233 \| Pu-244 \| U-240, Np-240m, Np-240 \| Am-242m \| Np-238 \| Am-243 \| Np-239 \| Cm-247 \| Pu-243 \| Es-254 \| Bk-250 \| Es-254m \| Fm-254 \| For radionuclides not listed in Table A, Part 1 the competent authority shall assign appropriate values for the quantities and concentrations of activity per unit mass where the need arises. Values thus assigned shall be complementary to those in Table A, Part 1. TABLE A Part 2: naturally occurring radionuclides Values for exemption or clearance for naturally occurring radionuclides in solid materials in secular equilibrium with their progeny: Natural radionuclides from the U-238 series \| 1 Bq g-1 \| Natural radionuclides from the Th-232 series \| 1 Bq g-1 \| K-40 \| 10 Bq g-1 \| TABLE B: Radionuclide \| Activity concentration (Bq g-1) \| Activity (Bq) \| H-3 \| 1 × 106 \| 1 × 109 \| Be-7 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| C-14 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| O-15 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 109 \| F-18 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Na-22 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Si-31 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| P-32 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 105 \| S-35 \| 1 × 105 \| 1 × 108 \| Cl-36 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 106 \| Ar-37 \| 1 × 106 \| 1 × 108 \| K-40[24] \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| K-42 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ca-45 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Sc-46 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| V-48 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Cr-51 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Mn-51 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Mn-52m \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Fe-52 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Co-55 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Co-58m \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Ni-59 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 108 \| Cu-64 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Zn-65 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Zn-69m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ga-72 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Ge-71 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 108 \| As-73 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Se-75 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Br-82 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Kr-74 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 109 \| Kr-83m \| 1 × 105 \| 1 × 1012 \| Rb-86 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Sr-85 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Sr-85m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Sr-90b \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 104 \| Y-90 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 105 \| Y-91m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Zr-93b \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Zr-95 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Nb-93m \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Nb-94 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Mo-90 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Mo-101 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Tc-96 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Tc-96m \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Ru-97 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Ru-103 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ru-106b \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Rh-103m \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 108 \| Rh-105 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Pd-103 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 108 \| Ag-105 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ag-108m \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Cd-109 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 106 \| Cd-115m \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| In-111 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| In-113m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Sn-113 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Sb-122 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 104 \| Te-123m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Te-127 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| I-123 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Xe-131m \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 104 \| Xe-133 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 104 \| Xe-135 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 1010 \| Cs-129 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Cs-134m \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 105 \| Cs-137b \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 104 \| Ba-131 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ba-140b \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| La-140 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Ce-139 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Ce-144b \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Pr-142 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Nd-147 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Pm-147 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Sm-151 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 108 \| Eu-152 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Eu-152m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Gd-153 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Tb-160 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Dy-165 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| Ho-166 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 105 \| Er-169 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Tm-170 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| Yb-175 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Lu-177 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Hf-181 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Ta-182 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 104 \| W-181 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Re-186 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| Os-185 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Os-191m \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Ir-190 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Pt-191 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Pt-193m \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Au-198 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Hg-197 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Hg-197m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Tl-200 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Pb-203 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Pb-210b \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 104 \| Bi-206 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Bi-212b \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| Po-203 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| At-211 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Rn-220b \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| Ra-223b \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Ra-225 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Ac-228 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| Th-226b \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 107 \| Th-227 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 104 \| Th-229b \| 1 x 100 \| 1 × 103 \| Pa-230 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 106 \| U-230 \| 1 × 101 \| 1 × 105 \| U-232b \| 1 × 100 \| 1 × 103 \| Np-237b \| 1 × 100 \| 1 × 103 \| Np-239 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Pu-234 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 107 \| Am-241 \| 1 × 100 \| 1 × 104 \| Am-242mb \| 1 × 100 \| 1 × 104 \| Am-243b \| 1 × 100 \| 1 × 103 \| Cm-242 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Bk-249 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| Cf-246 \| 1 × 103 \| 1 × 106 \| Es-253 \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 105 \| Es-254m \| 1 × 102 \| 1 × 106 \| Fm-254 \| 1 × 104 \| 1 × 107 \| b Parent radionuclides, and their progeny whose dose contributions are taken into account in the dose calculation (thus requiring only the exemption level of the parent radionuclide to be considered), are listed in the following: Zr-93 \| Nb-93m \| Ba-140 \| La-140 \| Ce-144 \| Pr-144 \| Pb-210 \| Bi-210, Po-210 \| Pb-212 \| Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) \| Bi-212 \| Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) \| Rn-220 \| Po-216 \| Rn-222 \| Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214 \| Ra-223 \| Rn-219, Po-215, Pb-211, Bi-211, Tl-207 \| Ra-224 \| Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) \| Ra-226 \| Rn-222, Po-218, Pb-214, Bi-214, Po-214, Pb-210, Bi-210, Po-210 \| Ra-228 \| Ac-228 \| Th-226 \| Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 \| Th-228 \| Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) \| Th-229 \| Ra-225, Ac-225, Fr-221, At-217, Bi-213, Po-213, Pb-209 \| Th-234 \| Pa-234m \| U-230 \| Th-226, Ra-222, Rn-218, Po-214 \| U-232 \| Th-228, Ra-224, Rn-220, Po-216, Pb-212, Bi-212, Tl-208 (0.36), Po-212 (0.64) \| U-235 \| Th-231 \| U-238 \| Th-234, Pa-234m \| U-240 \| Np-240m \| Am-242m \| Am-242 \| ANNEX VII Definition and use of the activity concentration index for the gamma radiation emitted by building materials For the purposes of Article 75(2), for identified types of building materials, the activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232 (or its decay product Ra-228) and K-40 shall be determined. The activity concentration index I is given by the following formula: I = CRa226/300 Bq/kg + CTh232/200 Bq/kg+ CK40/3000 Bq/kg where CRa226, CTh232 and CK40 are the activity concentrations in Bq/kg of the corresponding radionuclides in the building material. The index relates directly to the gamma radiation dose, in excess of typical outdoor exposure, in a building constructed from a specified building material. It applies to the building material, not to its constituents. For application of the index to such constituents, in particular residues from industries processing naturally occurring radioactive material recycled into building materials an appropriate partitioning factor needs to be applied. The activity concentration index shall be used as a screening tool for identifying materials that may be exempted or subject to restrictions. For this purpose the activity concentration index I may be used for the classification of the materials into four classes, leading to two categories of building materials (A and B): Category (corresponding default dose) \| Use \| A (≤ 1 mSv) \| B (> 1 mSv) \| (1) materials used in bulk amounts \| A1 I≤1 \| B1 I>1 \| (2) superficial and other materials with restricted use. \| A2 I≤6 \| B2 I>6 \| The division of materials into (1) or (2) according to their use shall be based on national building codes. Where appropriate, actual doses for comparison with the reference level shall be assessed using more elaborate models which may also take into account the background outdoor external exposure from local prevailing activity concentrations in the undisturbed earth’s crust. ANNEX VIII Data system for individual radiological monitoring The data system for individual radiological monitoring established by a Member State may be realised either as a centralised national network or as a national dose register. These networks or registers may be supplemented by the issuance of individual radiological monitoring documents for every outside worker. 1. Any data system of the Member States for individual radiological monitoring of exposed workers shall comprise the following sections: 649. particulars concerning the worker’s identity; 650. particulars concerning the medical surveillance of the worker; 651. particulars concerning the undertaking of the worker and, in the case of an outside worker, the employer of the worker; 652. the results of the individual monitoring of the exposed worker. 2. The competent authorities of the Member States shall take the measures necessary to prevent any forgery or misuse of, or illegal tampering with, the data system for individual radiological monitoring. A: Data to be included in the data system for individual radiological monitoring 3. Data on the worker’s identity shall include the worker’s 653. surname; 654. first name; 655. sex; 656. date of birth; 657. nationality; and 658. unique identification number. 4. Data on the medical surveillance of the worker shall include 659. the medical classification of the worker in accordance with Article 45 (fit; fit, subject to certain conditions; unfit); 660. information on any restrictions on working with radiation; 661. the date of the last periodic health review; 662. the responsible occupational health service; and 663. the period of validity of the result. 5. Data on the undertaking shall include the name, address and unique identification number of the undertaking. 6. Data on the employment of the worker shall include: 664. the name, address and unique identification number of the employer; 665. the starting date of employment; and 666. the categorisation of the worker in accordance with Article 38. 7. The results of the individual monitoring of the exposed worker shall include: 667. the official dose record for the last 5 calendar years (year; effective dose in mSv; in the event of non-uniform exposure, dose-equivalent in the different parts of the body in mSv; and in the event of internal contamination, the committed dose in mSv); and 668. the official dose record for the current year (period; effective dose in mSv; in the event of non-uniform exposure, dose-equivalent in the different parts of the body in mSv; and in the event of internal contamination, the committed dose in mSv). B: Data on outside workers to be supplied via the data system for individual radiological monitoring 1. Before the start of any activity, the employer of the outside worker shall supply the following data to the undertaking via the data system for individual radiological monitoring: 669. data on the employer of the outside worker in accordance with Section A, point 6; 670. data on the medical surveillance of the outside worker in accordance with Section A, point 4; 671. the results of the outside worker’s individual exposure monitoring in accordance with Section A, point 7. 2. The following data shall be recorded or have been recorded by the undertaking in the data system for individual radiological monitoring after the end of any activity: 672. the period covered by the activity; 673. an estimate of any effective dose received by the outside worker (operational dose for the period covered by the activity); 674. in the event of non-uniform exposure, an estimate of the dose-equivalent in the different parts of the body; 675. in the event of internal contamination, an estimate of the intake or the committed dose. C. Provisions concerning the individual radiological monitoring document 676. Member States may decide to issue an individual radiological monitoring document for every outside worker. 677. The document shall be non-transferable. 678. Member States shall take the measures necessary to prevent a worker from being issued with more than one valid individual monitoring document at the same time. 679. In addition to the information required in Part A and Part B, the document shall include the name and address of the issuing body and the issuing date. ANNEX IX A. Elements to be included in an emergency management system 680. Threat assessment; 681. Clear allocation of the responsibilities of persons and organisations having a role in preparedness and response arrangements, including establishment and coordination of emergency response organisations with overall responsibilities in managing emergency exposure situations and, where appropriate, creation of special teams for protective measures; 682. Establishment of emergency response plans at national level, at local level and within installations; 683. Reliable communications and efficient and effective arrangements for cooperation and coordination at the installation and local, national and international levels; 684. Health protection of emergency workers; 685. Education and training of emergency workers and all other persons with duties or responsibilities in emergency response, including regular exercises; 686. Arrangements for individual monitoring of emergency workers and the recording of doses; 687. Public information arrangements; 688. Involvement of stakeholders; 689. Transition from emergency response to recovery and remediation. B. Elements to be included in an emergency response plan For emergency preparedness: 690. Reference levels, taking into account the criteria laid down in Annex I; 691. Optimised protection strategies for members of the public who may be exposed, for different postulated events and related scenarios; 692. Predefined generic criteria for particular protective measures, expressed in terms of projected and received doses; 693. Default triggers or operational criteria such as observables and indicators of on-scene conditions; 694. Arrangements for prompt coordination with the emergency response organisation in a neighbouring Member State or non-Member State, for facilities in the vicinity of a national border; 695. Arrangements for the emergency response plan to be reviewed and revised to take account of changes or lessons learned from exercises and events. Arrangements shall be established in advance to revise these elements, as appropriate during an emergency exposure situation, to accommodate the prevailing conditions as these evolve throughout the response. For emergency response: The response to an emergency exposure situation shall be undertaken through the timely implementation of preparedness arrangements, including but not limited to: 696. Promptly implementing protective measures, if possible, before any exposure occurs; 697. Assessing the effectiveness of strategies and implemented actions and adjusting them as appropriate to the prevailing situation; 698. Comparing the expected residual doses against the applicable reference level, focusing on those groups whose doses exceed the reference level; 699. Implementing further protection strategies, as necessary, based on prevailing conditions and available information. ANNEX X A. Prior information to the members of the public likely to be affected by an emergency: 700. Basic facts about radioactivity and its effects on human beings and on the environment; 701. The various types of emergency covered and their consequences for the public and the environment; 702. Emergency measures envisaged to alert, protect and assist the public in the event of an emergency; 703. Appropriate information on action to be taken by the public in the event of an emergency. B. Information to be provided to the affected members of the public in the event of an emergency 704. On the basis of the emergency response plan previously drawn up in the Member States, the members of the public actually affected in the event of an emergency shall rapidly and regularly receive: 705. information on the type of emergency which has occurred and, where possible, its characteristics (e.g. its origin, extent and probable development); 706. advice on protection, which, depending on the type of emergency, may: i) cover the following: restrictions on the consumption of certain foodstuffs and water likely to be contaminated, simple rules on hygiene and decontamination, recommendations to stay indoors, distribution and use of protective substances, evacuation arrangements; ii) be accompanied, where necessary, by special warnings for certain groups of the members of the public; 707. announcements recommending cooperation with instructions or requests by the competent authorities. 708. If the emergency is preceded by a pre-alarm phase, the members of the public likely to be affected shall already receive information and advice during that phase, such as: 709. an invitation to the members of the public concerned to tune in to relevant communication channels; 710. preparatory advice to establishments with particular collective responsibilities; 711. recommendations to occupational groups particularly affected. 712. This information and advice shall be supplemented, if time permits, by a reminder of the basic facts about radioactivity and its effects on human beings and on the environment. ANNEX XI Indicative list of types of building materials considered for control measures with regard to their emitted gamma radiation 713. Natural materials 714. Alum-shale. 715. Building materials or additives of natural igneous origin, such as: 716. granite, 717. gneiss; 718. porphyries; 719. syenite; 720. basalt; 721. tuff; 722. pozzolana; 723. lava. 724. Materials incorporating residues from industries processing naturally occurring radioactive material, such as: 725. fly ash; 726. phosphogypsum; 727. phosphorus slag; 728. tin slag; 729. copper slag; 730. red mud (residue from aluminium production); 731. residues from steel production. ANNEX XII Information to be provided in the records for high activity sealed sources HASS)[pic] ANNEX XIII Provision of data on high-activity sealed sources The undertaking shall provide the competent authority with an electronic or written copy of the records for high-activity sealed sources, referred to in Article 90 and covering the information set out in Annex XII, as follows: 732. without undue delay, at the time of the establishment of such records, which shall be as soon as possible after the source is acquired; 733. at intervals, to be determined by Member States, of not more than 12 months after the acquisition of the source; 734. if the situation indicated on the information sheet has changed; 735. without undue delay upon the closure of the records for a specific source when the undertaking no longer holds this source, whereby the name of the undertaking or waste disposal and storage facility to which the source is transferred shall be included; 736. without undue delay upon the closure of such records when the undertaking no longer holds any sources. ANNEX XIV Requirements for undertakings responsible for a high-activity sealed source Each undertaking responsible for a high-activity sealed source shall: 737. ensure that suitable tests, such as leak tests based on international standards, are undertaken regularly in order to check and maintain the integrity of each source; 738. regularly verify at specific intervals, which may be determined by Member States, that each source and, where relevant, the equipment containing the source are still present and in apparently good condition at their place of use or storage; 739. ensure that each fixed and mobile source is subject to adequate documented measures, such as written protocols and procedures, aimed at preventing unauthorised access to or loss or theft of the source or its damage by fire; 740. promptly notify the competent authority of any loss, theft or unauthorised use of a source, arrange for a check on the integrity of each source after any event, including fire, that may have damaged the source, and, if appropriate, inform the competent authority thereof and of the measures taken; 741. return each disused source to the supplier or place it in a facility for long term storage and disposal or transfer it to another authorised undertaking unless otherwise agreed by the competent authority, without undue delay after termination of the use; 742. ascertain that, before a transfer is made, the recipient holds appropriate authorisation. 743. Promptly notify the competent authority of any accident or incident resulting in unintentional exposure of a worker or a member of the public. ANNEX XV Identification and marking of high-activity sealed sources 744. The manufacturer or supplier shall ensure that: 745. Each high-activity sealed source is identified by a unique number. This number shall be engraved or stamped on the source, where practicable. The number shall also be engraved or stamped on the source container. If this is not feasible, or in the case of reusable transport containers, the source container shall, at least, bear information on the nature of the source. 746. The source container and, where practicable, the source are marked and labelled with an appropriate sign to warn people of the radiation hazard. 747. The manufacturer shall provide a photograph of each manufactured source design type and a photograph of the typical source container. 748. The undertaking shall ensure that each high-activity sealed source is accompanied by written information indicating that the source is identified and marked in compliance with point 1 and that the markings and labels referred to in point 1 remain legible. The information shall include photographs of the source, source container, transport packaging, device and equipment as appropriate. ANNEX XVI Indicative list of items to be covered in the national action plan to manage long term risks from radon exposures 749. Strategy for conducting surveys of indoor radon concentrations, for the management of measurement data (national radon database) and for the establishment of other parameters (soil and rock types, soil gas concentration, permeability and radium-226 content of rock or soil). 750. Available data and criteria used for the delineation of radon-prone areas or for the identification of radon-prone buildings. 751. Identification of types of buildings with public access and workplaces, e.g. schools, underground workplaces or spas, where measurements are needed, based on a risk assessment including occupancy hours. 752. The basis for the establishment of reference levels for existing dwellings, workplaces, buildings with public access and for new buildings. 753. Assignment of responsibilities (governmental and non-governmental), coordination mechanisms and available resources for implementation of the action plan. 754. Strategy for reducing radon exposure in dwellings, particularly in radon-prone areas. 755. Strategy, including methods and tools, for preventing radon ingress in new buildings, including identification of building materials with significant radon exhalation. 756. Schedules for audits and reviews of the action plan. 757. Strategy for communication to increase public awareness and inform local decision makers of the risks of radon in relation to smoking. 758. Where appropriate, guidance on methods and tools for measurements and remedial measures. Criteria for the accreditation of measurement and remediation services shall also be considered. 759. Where appropriate, provision of financial support for radon surveys and for remedial measures, in particular for private dwellings with very high radon concentrations. 760. Long-term goals in terms of reducing lung cancer risk attributable to radon exposure (for smokers and non-smokers). [1] Council Directive 96/29/Euratom of 13 May 1996 laying down basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionising radiation, OJ L 159, 29.6.1996, p. 1. [2] World Health Organisation. [3] WHO Handbook on indoor radon, World Health Organisation, 2009, ISBN 978 92 4 154767. [4] Council Directive 89/106/EEC, Annex 1, states that ‘the construction work must be designed and built in such a way that it will not be a threat to the hygiene or health of the occupants or neighbours, in particular as a result of … the presence of dangerous particles or gases in the air [or] the emission of dangerous radiation’. [5] These acts are subject to recast — proposal for a Council Regulation (EURATOM) laying down maximum permitted levels of radioactive contamination of foodstuffs and of feedingstuffs following a nuclear accident or any other case of radiological emergency (recast), COM/2010/0184 final — CNS 2010/009. [6] Publications in the Radiation Protection Series of the European Commission can be found at http://ec.europa.eu/energy/nuclear/radiation_protection/publications_en.htm. [7] The result of the consultation can be found on the website of the European ALARA network for NORM industries (EANNORM), under http://www.ean-norm.net/lenya/ean_norm/live/news.html. [8] European Court reports 1992 Page I-06153 [9] OJ 11, 20.2.1959, p. 221. [10] OJ L 159, 29.6.1996, p. 1 [11] OJ L 180, 9.7.1997, p. 22. [12] OJ L 357, 7.12.1989, p. 31. [13] OJ L 349, 13.12.1990, p. 21. [15] The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection [16] OJ L 80, 27.3.1990, p. 26. [17] IAEA 2004 Safety Standards Series RS-G-1.7 "Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance". [18] Radiation Protection 122: Practical use of the Concepts of the Clearance and Exemption — Part I, Guidance on General Clearance Levels for Practices. [19] Radiation Protection 89: Recommended radiological protection criteria for the recycling of metals from dismantling of nuclear installations, Radiation Protection 113: Recommended Radiological Protection Criteria for the Clearance of Buildings and Building Rubble from the Dismantling of Nuclear Installations, Radiation Protection 122: Practical Use of the Concepts of the Clearance and Exemption. [20] OJ L 2, 6.1.2004, p. 36 [21] OJ L 66, 13.3.1999, p.16. [22] OJ L 2/36, 6.1.2000. [23] The activity given is that of the alpha-emitting radionuclide [24] Potassium salts in quantities less than 1000 kg are exempted.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16899
__label__cc	0.620649	0.379351	Pillars of Eternity: General Discussion (NO SPOILERS) Reactivity to PC's actions: News ala Arcanum/Fallout 3 style By agewisdom, September 26, 2012 in Pillars of Eternity: General Discussion (NO SPOILERS) agewisdom 106 agewisdom (4) Theurgist I read in an interview that one of the least appreciated feature in Arcanum was the newspaper which chronicled the PC's actions. I would love if this feature would be available in Project Eternity. My own experience with this was via the Big Dog's radio station in Fallout 3. Hearing news over the radio about the implications of your actions was just great! Depending on the world that Obsidian crafts, this feature could implemented in various ways: 1. Reading about it in current tomes etc. 2. Hearing your feats whilst chatting up the Innkeeper 3. Hearing minstrels sing about your feats in particular major questlines. What do you think? Is Tim Cain right in that no one even reads the newspapers or would you love to see it implemented in Project Eternity? I know a lot of people think he's wrong, but action speaks louder... so speak out if you appreciated this feature in Arcanum and want it in Project Eternity. Edited September 26, 2012 by agewisdom Lysen 175 Lysen Tim is wrong, many players liked newspapers in Arcanum. Scryer 13 (1) Prestidigitator I belive stuff like this usualy has the nasty tendency of removing focus from properly designing less important aspects of the game such as combat. KhaineGB 28 KhaineGB Demon Lord of the Obsidian Order I'd love to see it implemented too. To a lesser extent, even Diablo 3 has this. Everytime you do something epic, the townsfolk start talking about what you've done for them. I'd love to see the world of Project Eternity react to my character... so if I'm a good guy, I get good press and nice comments. If I'm a scumbag... then bad press, snide comments, maybe the odd rotten tomato. Maybe it could be part of a set of Kickstarter stretch goal? For those who want it, please speak out. If it's a budget problem, then perhaps it could be limited to: 1. Major quest lines 2. Side quests where the PC can be either very good or nasty. I.e. quests which poses serious ethical dilemmas. There doesn't need to be extensive reporting on the PC's actions but just enough to let us feel that we have an impact in the world. Humanoid 1,901 It's no bad thing to occasionally stroke the player's ego, but subtlety is important here. Presuming Twitter and phone cameras haven't been invented yet in the game setting, news travels both slowly and inaccurately, and is interpreted differently in different places. Catching a whiff of a conversation in a bar is a long way from fanfare on the streets and it should definitely be kept towards the more discreet side of the scale. Done incorrectly, this kind of thing can end up instead making the world feel like a very very small place where everything revolves around you. Edited September 26, 2012 by Humanoid L I E S T R O N G L I V E W R O N G Good feedback humanoid. What would be even better would be if a rival faction tries to "spin" the story, so that you appear to be some violent group of reckless vigilantes.... kenup 232 kenup Combat Illusionist of The Obsidian Order NO,no,no,no,no,no,no,no,no,no! No ***ing three dog! That guy had no idea why my character did anything,was coming to his own conclusions wihtout knowing the full story and was the epitome of cliche hippies. That's the hazard of being a heroic/villainous character. You're news man... and they have to slot you into their pre-conceived stereotypes. Being heroic or villainous has nothing to do with it. He would paint my character as a hero, even if it was just another job for my character. Or he would call the lone wanderer a scumbag, when in truth the LW prevented the bigger of two evils. Both of these are possible in the same playthrough. Having a sixth sense that makes TD know my karma meter is one thing, but him calling LW a scumbag afterwards, only to call him Jesus for something else he had done in the next news flash; that was crap. On top of that the LW had helped him before and without asking for a reward in the end. And he still is full of hippie crap. Edited September 26, 2012 by kenup Monkcrab 52 Monkcrab Sword Sharpener of the Obsidian Order It would be hilarious---and potentially full of quests---if there exists a Gossip Agency in the world which interpretes EVERY SINGLE ONE of your actions wrong. That said, I'd like some sort of reactivity. Maybe not a newspaper like in Arcanum, but people occasionally whispering factually dubious/reliable rumors about you would be a nice touch. (will also handle pitchforks and other sharp things) Loki Ador 28 Loki Ador Having people, newspapers, or books talking about your party's achievements contribute, in my opinion, in making the world more lively (as it reacts to actions made by the player) and making quest accomplishment more rewarding. TrashMan 1,258 Holy Avenger of the Obsidian Order Location:Nabeshins afro YOU ARE A WRONGULARITY FROM WHICH NO RIGHT CAN ESCAPE! * Chuck Norris was wrong once - He thought HE made a mistake! Bos_hybrid 375 Bos_hybrid [intelligence] "So you are fighting the good fight !" Exactly, it gives the player a feeling of reactivity in the world. The news doesn't need to be as obnoxious as Big Dog in Fallout 3. It could be subtle such as: 1. Direct Entry into certain Guilds For instance, if your reputation precedes you (i.e. successfully undertaken some major quest) - you may be allowed direct entry into certain guilds. Otherwise, they'll still require you to perform certain tasks before allowing you membership. 2. Vendor Discounts If you saved the city or helped solve some serious crimes in the merchants area, your fame may allow you better discounts in other nearby areas. Something to the above effect. Newspapers and town criers are just more simpler examples on how to go about this. I just don't want see the effects of my actions and quests to be quantified only at the END of the game via slides... There's nothing wrong with this, but it would be ideal if I were to see some of the impact of my actions during gameplay. Sleepyreaper 14 Sleepyreaper Location:Minsk Oh Gosh, it would be so cool and funny. wanderon 634 wanderon Nomadic Wayfarer of the Obsidian Order I may be wrong but I seem to recall that somewhere in the talk about the game setting it may have specifically been said that the printing press was one of the technologies that had yet to be developed - if so it may well be that the reason for this was to limit the range and depth of news travel in the world in order to support the concepts of different factions/areas having a real disconnect from others (be their own little worlds). As for my take on the concept of the game making the player and his team an object of media speculation throughout the realms through any means (print or otherwise) my gut reaction is not just no but hell no but that could be just becuase I so completely loathe the whole media circus that exists today in RL and don't want to see even a smidgen of that creep into a game that I play to escape to a different time and place... Not all those that wander are lost... Heh... those are just ideas being bandied around. Not even a smidgen? Hard to avoid gossip... even in a medieval setting... My own thoughts would be to start of things very subtly. However, near the end of the game, if the PC and his companions have performed quite a number of heroic/villainous deeds, then perhaps there would be more detailed coverage. I believe this would make more sense. And the media coverage could cover other news: 1. On mysterious happenings - which could lead to other quests... 2. On rival adventuring groups - so you could follow their exploits and rise to power... leshy 41 leshy Red Mage of the Obsidian Order Location:Cydonia, Mars PSN Online ID:yezu666 I like this feature, but I'd like to be scaled down. No front page stuff. You do something good, the front page is about some noble dropping her handkerchief and you get a three sentence mention just before the sports section. Unless of course you do something epic, but in that case it should be near end game. Also this idea might introduce a quite a nice feature of protecting (or not) your identity. You do something stealthily, there's just mention of the event. You do something guns blazing, your person get's more coverage. www.cherrytreestudio.eu "In the arena of logic, I fight unarmed." Red Mage, Episode 835: Refining Moment Sure, this makes good common sense. If your quest is something trivial, I don't think it would be hardly mentioned at all. In the beginning, you might start by reading about the feats of other adventurers and say... "I wish I could do something like that".... A couple of years later (in-game), hey... you find yourself on the front page for doing something heroic/villanous. It might give you a glowing sense of accomplishment. Humanoid has the gist of it. I suppose you could hear of the impact of what you did without mentioning you if it was of note to the town you were in or even wider after a believable time has passed. Bland_Boy 4 Bland_Boy Poet of the Obsidian Order Newspapers if there are any should offer useful information. Moonlight Butterfly 215 Moonlight Butterfly Crazy Cat Lady of the Obsidian Order But...but I always read the Tarantian :< I liked Three Dog even when I was evil, I did kill him eventually though. I wouldn't mind a news system I think It's kind of fun especially if it has kind of a vague, Daily Mailish, doesn't know what actually happened vibe to it The problem was that his word was representing the game's and the world's view on you. If he was just some idiot rambling, it wouldn't be a problem. And for that matter, he is hypocrite. When you restore the radio signal, he addresses the slaver base at paradise falls as one of the areas that can now listen to him, in a way that sounds like he is happy to have them as audience. Yet the PC being part of them, is the absolute worst, most evil thing in the universe. Well, I'm sure Obsidian will handle the news system differently, if it was implemented. Besides, any media reporting system will be biased depending on who owns it. If we look at Three Dog in the Fallout 3 system, I can see why you say his word appears to represent the world's view on you. But that is an assumption on your part that everybody believes Three Dog. That is not always necessarily the case.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16904
__label__wiki	0.807279	0.807279	HomeIsraeli President Brings the Cheer to White House Hanukkah Party Israeli President Brings the Cheer to White House Hanukkah Party Ron KampeasDecember 10, 2015Image by Getty Images (JTA) — Reuven Rivlin toddles up the White House driveway. He is grinning as he shouts in Hebrew to a phalanx of local Israeli reporters shivering in the December chill: “If you must live in a Diaspora, live in this one!” Washington’s Hanukkah week has found an unlikely Santa Claus in Israel’s president: His workshop, where the real work is done, is far away in Jerusalem, but here he comes to the Diaspora, spreading cheer and goodwill. Look at Rivlin on Wednesday, jaw dropped in joy, lighting the menorah at the White House Hanukkah party. Listen to him lavish praise on the American president in terms so affectionate they would cleave the tongue of his prime minister. Watch him nod in approval as a fiery rabbi from St. Louis excoriates policies embraced by Rivlin. Rivlin’s light-footed jauntiness is a relief in a city where the week of Hanukkah has become a monster. Holiday parties in Washington have become the ex who makes you crazy: You’d rather not go to his stupid party, but wait, he didn’t invite you? President George W. Bush launched the White House Hanukkah party tradition. Now it prompts an annual barrage of calls pleading for entry that have quickly aged a succession of once-youthful Jewish liaisons. Like clockwork, the Bush Jewish outreach staffers would “regretfully” quit right after their first Hanukkah party, preferring the joys of, say, Social Security reform to ever having to deal again with angry snubbed donors. President Barack Obama has expanded the celebrations to two yearly Hanukkah parties, both held this year on Wednesday. His Jewish liaisons are fleeing less frequently, but ask any of them about the experience of fielding calls in the weeks ahead of the party, and watch their jaws and God knows what else clenching. And it’s not just the White House. There’s the menorah lighting Sunday on the Ellipse in front of the White House, organized by American Friends of Lubavitch, where each year a lucky official gets to squeeze into the cab of a cherry picker with the Rabbis Shemtov — father Abraham and son Levi — and light the huge lamps. Most years, it’s the most senior Jewish official in the government, although this year the honors went to a Roman Catholic, White House Chief of Staff Denis McDonough. Then there’s the party Wednesday evening at the Library of Congress, organized by Rep. Debbie Wasserman Schultz, D-Fla. And the Thursday party at the Israeli Embassy. And the Indian Embassy’s Hanukkah bash, which will be held this year after the actual holiday, on Tuesday. Hillary Rodham Clinton’s presidential campaign also had a party, in between the two White House parties, on Wednesday. There’s the party dubbed “Latkes and Vodkas” held by Bluelight Strategies, the lead public relations outfit handling Jewish communal accounts. (This year’s theme, emblazoned on blue baseball caps: “Let’s make Hanukkah great again!,” a jab at Donald Trump’s campaign slogan.) Then there is the heavy, heavy messaging. This year, nary an opportunity was missed to reference the plight of Syrian refugees on this holiday of religious freedom, an ancient festival that has somehow morphed into an American value. “And yet we are mindful, even as we gather here tonight, that while the light of freedom burns brightly for us, and our generation, it flickers for others – refugees fleeing religious intolerance and oppression, people targeted for their faith, people whose faith is perverted by others,” McDonough said before being transported to the chilly heights of the massive menorah. “That’s our challenge during this Hanukkah season,” Obama said at the second White House party. “Whether it’s standing up for the dignity of refugees, standing up against anti-Semitism — or any kind of bigotry or discrimination leveled at any religion — or standing with our ally the State of Israel, we can raise our voices, each of us, for the security and dignity of every human being. “ And Obama, at the afternoon party: “It’s no accident that when we’re called out to speak on behalf of refugees or against religious persecution, American Jews remember what it was like to be a stranger and are leading the way.” Taken one at a time, each party is packed with good food and camaraderie. Collectively, with the same folks attending each, the experience becomes otherworldly, like being stuck in an endless loop of encomiums to religious freedom. It’s like Groundhog Day, but without the fun parts. And then comes President Ruvi. The merry scion of one of Israel’s oldest families, the president who hopes to transform a ceremonial office into a nexus of reconciliation among Israel’s warring tribes, gets what this minor holiday is about: having unironic, even childish fun. “This is my 76th Hanukkah,” he tells the White House crowd, to laughter. “I remember nearly all of them. I love all of them.” He adds: “They told me that the latkes and the donuts would be worth coming all the way.” He lavishes praise on Obama, likening him to the shamash candle – “not a civil servant, it is the leader.” He extols Obama’s “strong and clear moral leadership.” Talking to Israeli reporters in Hebrew, he uses two words for friend to describe the president — the more common one, “haver,” the other from the root for shepherd, “reah.” The contrast is sharp with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who tends to praise the “relationship” with the United States more than he does the man who steers it. The difference is not lost on Obama, who relaxes and smiles as he listens. Nor is it lost on the Jews at the party, many of whom twice helped lead Obama to resounding victories among Jewish voters, who whoop with cheers. Rivlin’s joy is evident throughout the long preamble to the blessing delivered by Rabbi Susan Talve from the Central Reform Congregation in St. Louis. Rivlin nods cheerfully through references to the Black Lives Matter movement – Talve was a leader of the protests in Ferguson, Missouri – justice for Palestinians, compassion for the Syrian refugees and even a pointed reference to religious pluralism in Israel, which Rivlin has resisted. “I stand with my sisters who lit these lights at the Kotel!” she cries out, referring to the Women at the Wall protest group. Then Santa Ruvi steps forward and joins in the prayer, smiling as Talve shouts out “veimahot” — “and the mothers ” — during the blessing. When it’s time, he lights the candle and belts out “Maoz Tzur.” Ron Kampeas	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16907
__label__wiki	0.635178	0.635178	Tag Archives: andre brown September 2, 2009 · 12:38 pm Fantasy Football: Injuries and issues As a service to fantasy football players, here’s a combined list of some of the major injuries and other issues that will affect players’ ability to play as the regular-season starts. So here’s the list, which we’ll update as more news develops. All week designations refer to the regular season. Out to begin regular season QB Matt Cassel, Chiefs – could be out up to two weeks with sprained MCL and ankle injury QB Kyle Orton, Broncos – could miss opener with dislocated finger QB Chris Simms, Broncos – up to first two weeks with a high-ankle sprain QB Michael Vick, Eagles – undetermined suspension; will know how many games by Week 6 RB Marshawn Lynch, Bills – 3-game suspension RB Kolby Smith, Chiefs – out at least 6 weeks WR Brooks Foster, Rams – 4-6 weeks with ankle surgery WR Jabar Gaffney, Broncos – “several weeks” (likely 2-4) with a hamstring injury WR Brandon Jones, 49ers – up to first four games with a shoulder injury WR Chaz Schilens, Raiders – up to first four games with broken left foot TE Ben Patrick, Cardinals – 4-game suspension PK Garrett Hartley, Saints – 4-game suspension Out for the year: RBs Justin Green, Cardinals; Thomas Clayton, 49ers; Andre Brown, Giants WRs Syndric Steptoe, Browns; Harry Douglas. Falcons; Roy Hall, Colts; Marcus Smith, Ravens; Plaxico Burress, Giants (suspension); Chris Davis, Titans; Donte Stallworth, Browns (suspension); Devard Darling, Chiefs; Brandon Tate, Patriots; Demetrius Byrd, Chargers TEs Cornelius Ingram, Eagles; Dan Campbell, Saints; Reggie Kelly, Bengals; Tory Humphrey, Packers; Ben Utecht, Bengals Filed under Fantasy Football, Football Relativity, NFL Injuries, NFL Suspensions Tagged as andre brown, arizona cardinals, atlanta falcons, baltimore ravens, ben patrick, ben utecht, brandon jones, brooks foster, buffalo bills, chaz schilens, chris davis, chris simms, cincinnati bengals, cleveland browns, cornelius ingram, dan campbell, denver broncos, devard darling, donte stallworth, Fantasy Football, Football Relativity, garrett hartley, green bay packers, harry douglas, indianapolis colts, jabar gaffney, justin green, kansas city chiefs, marcus smith, marshawn lynch, matt cassel, michael vick, new orleans saints, new york giants, oakland raiders, philadelphia eagles, plaxico burress, reggie kelly, roy hall, San Francisco 49ers, st. louis rams, syndric steptoe, tennessee titans, thomas clayton, tory humphrey FR: Training Camp Injuries As happens most year, there have been several notable injuries in training camps this year. Here is a comparison of the players who have suffered significant injuries in training camps this summer, with the 10 level being the most significant injuries and 1 being the least significant. This post does not include minicamp injuries; you can find a comparison of those losses here. A few notes: We’ve only included injuries that could affect regular-season play. And we’ll continue to update this post through the fourth preseason game; we’ll do invidiual posts of major injuries and link back here. 10 – Panthers DT Maake Kemeoatu – Kemeoatu is the Panthers’ anchor on the defensive line. He has used his tremendous size to clog the middle and keep blockers off of MLB Jon Beason. His presence also allows fellow DT Damione Lewis to slash through the line and rush the passer more often, which maximizes Lewis’ value. The Panthers don’t have any backup DTs with any experience, so they’re likely going to have to add some depth via free agency or the waiver wire just to set up a four-man DT rotation. Regardless, this injury could make Carolina much more susceptible to the run. 9 – Eagles MLB Stewart Bradley – Bradley suffered a torn anterior cruciate ligament. Bradley emerged as a starter in Philly last year, totalling 108 tackles, 86 of them solos. He’s a big thumper who provides the kind of stability that a 4-3 defense needs inside. With Bradley now almost certainly out for the year, the Eagles will turn to Omar Gaither or Joe Mays or recent addition Matt Wilhelm to fill in. Regardless of who steps in, it’s going to be a drop-off from what Bradley could do. 8 – Seahawks OLT Walter Jones – Jones, who quietly has been an all-time great at offensive tackle, was trying to come back from microfracture knee surgery, but he suffered a setback and had to have a follow-up surgery during training camp. The Seahawks are saying he’s out indefinitely, which could mean anything from a return at the beginning of the season to the end of Jones’ Hall-of-Fame-caliber career. The Seahawks don’t have a successor in place, so losing Jones for any amount of time is a monster problem for them. 7 – Panthers LB Jon Beason – Beason, the Panthers’ Pro Bowl middle linebacker, suffered a torn MCL in the second preseason game. That’s usually a 4-to-6 week injury, which would indicate that Beason could miss up to the first month of the regular season. Reports indicate that the Panthers hope it’s a mild enough sprain that Beason will be able to play before that, which would be a huge boon to the Panthers. Remember that Carolina already lost DT Maake Kemeoatu, and consider that the Panthers don’t have enough of a depth of defensive playmakers to replace another key starter. 7 (con’t) – Saints OLT Jammal Brown – Brown, an emerging star at left tackle, had surgery to repair a sports hernia in late August. The Saints still hope he can return to open the regular season, but that would be an especially optimistic timetable. A more normal recovery is 1-2 months, which would cost Brown the first 4-6 games of the regular season. The fact that Brown’s backup has also been dinged up in the preseason makes Brown’s speedy return even more possibly. 6 – TE Cornelius Ingram, Eagles – Ingram was a fifth-round pick who looked like a steal because his athletic ability merited a higher pick but a college knee injury depressed his draft stock. But that potential went bust when Ingram tore the ACL in his left knee during training camp. It’s the second time Ingram has done that, and that makes the chance that Ingram will ever contribute pretty remote. It’s a shame, because Ingram was a nice prospect. Now the Eagles must rely heavily on Brent Celek to bring them some offense over the middle. 6 (con’t) – WR Harry Douglas, Falcons – Douglas emerged as a big-play threat (actually a triple threat) as a rookie last year for Atlanta, and he added a pretty interesting dynamic to the Falcons’s offense. But he tore an ACL in training camp and now will miss the season. That’ll hurt the Falcons’ ability to threaten defenses out of multi-receiver sets, and with Roddy White holding out, it could quickly become an even more significant blow. 6 (con’t) – Bengals TE Reggie Kelly – Kelly is a starting tight end who doesn’t catch many balls but still makes an impact by being a fantastic blocker. His absence will likely cause the Bengals to change the way they approach offense, but it could actually open up snaps for rookie Chase Coffman, who has a lot of potential as a pass-catcher. 6 (con’t) – TE Ben Utecht, Bengals – Utecht, who was probably going to start for the Bengals at tight end, suffered a nasty concussion that will cost him the season. With Utecht and Reggie Kelly out, the Bengals are counting on rookie Chase Coffman pretty signficantly. 6 (con’t) – Giants DT-LS Jay Alford – Alford is a key member of the Giants’ defensive line rotation, and he also serves as the team’s long-snapper. But in the team’s second preseason game, he suffered a knee injury that tore his MCL and partially tore his ACL. He’ll be out for the year. This injury hurts on two fronts – the Giants’ defense, which attacks so much that depth is vital, and on special teams as well. Alford’s potential as a penetrating pass rusher will be missed. 5 – Lions DE Jared DeVries – DeVries, a usual starter over the past three years in Detroit, ruptured his Achilles tendon and will miss the year. DeVries isn’t wonderful, but he’s a legitimate rotation guy and an average starter in the NFL. For a team as devoid of depth as Detroit still is, losing that kind of guy is a big blow. 5 (con’t) – Ravens OT Adam Terry – Terry, who was slated to compete with Michael Oher for the starting right tackle job and then settle into a role as the primary backup at both tackle spots, had a knee injury that just wasn’t getting better, so during the first week of camp he had a surgery that will cost him the entire ’09 season. His absence limits the Ravens’ experience but shouldn’t be a deathknell because Baltimore has done a good job of accumulating depth. 5 (con’t) – Buccaneers LB Angelo Crowell – Crowell, a former standout in Buffalo, signed with the Buccaneers in the offseason to be a starter after missing the entire ’08 season. But a torn biceps muscle will bench Crowell for the entire ’09 season as well. That hurts a Bucs defense that let a lot more talent go in the offseason than what they brought in. Crowell’s veteran wile will be missed in what looks like a rebuilding season in Tampa Bay. 5 (con’t) – QB Matt Cassel, Chiefs – Cassel, the Chiefs’ starting quarterback, suffered a sprained MCL and an ankle injury in the third preseason game, and it could cost him up to two regular-season games. That’s a huge blow to the Chiefs, who are counting on Cassel to provide QB stability for the franchise over the long term. This injury could also inhibit K.C.’s ability to trade QB Tyler Thigpen for a draft pick, as it had hoped. 5 (con’t) – Bears RB Kevin Jones – Jones, who was slated to be Matt Forte’s primary backup this season, tore an ankle ligament and will miss the entire season. Jones, who had a major knee injury in Detroit that cost him an entire season, now must rehab again. That’s a bad break for him and a blow to the Bears, who thought Jones was a higher-quality backup than Adrian Peterson (the other one) or Garrett Wolfe. 4 – WR Brandon Jones, 49ers – Jones, whom the Niners signed in the offseason to bolster their receiving corps, could miss up to four regular-season games with a broken shoulder. That’s a big blow, because aside from Isaac Bruce, Jones is probably the most experienced wideout San Fran has. Jones and Josh Morgan will still be fighting for a starting job, but this injury gives Morgan an edge in that battle. And Michael Crabtree (in the midst of an acrimonious holdout) could figure in later this offseason as well. But the Niners probably need all four receivers to contribute, and this injury limits the chance of that happening. 4 (con’t) – RB Andre Brown, Giants – Brown, a rookie out N.C. State, was the guy the Giants drafted as they tried to replace Derrick Ward in their Earth, Wind, and Fire running back corps. But Brown ruptured the Achilles tendon in his left leg in the opening preseason game and will miss the season. That’s a blow both to the Giants and to this promising runner, because he is good enough that he could have helped in a complementary role this season. 4 (con’t) – WR Chaz Schilens, Raiders – Schilens isn’t a household name, but he was actually slated to be the Raiders’ No. 1 wideout this season before he broke a bone in his left foot in mid-August. If the injury follows the normal course of healing, it will sideline Schilens until early-to-mid October. That’s a shame, not just because Schilens showed so much promsie as a rookie but also because we all need more guys named Chaz in our lives. 4 (con’t) – S Daniel Bullocks, Lions – Bullocks started 15 games last season, and as a former second-round pick he still has some potential. But he’s also dealing with a lingering knee injury that will end up costing him the entire 2009 season. 4 (con’t) – Seahawks C Chris Spencer – Walter Jones isn’t the only Seahawk lineman who’s hurting. Spencer, the starting center, has an injured left quadriceps, and the team has yet to figure out how many regular-season games he’ll miss, although it will be at least a couple. At least rookie Max Unger could step in for Spencer, a former first-round pick who has turned into a decent center. But losing two offensive line starters, even if it’s just for a handful of games, will most likely put a significant crimp in Seattle’s offensive style. 4 (con’t) – Bears DT Dusty Dvoracek – Dvoracek, once a second-round pick, now sees his season ended early by injury for the fourth time in four years, this time with a torn ACL. That’s a blow to the Bears, who are going to have to limit stud DT Tommie Harris’ snaps to keep his aching knees as healthy as possible. This injury probably will spell the end of Dvoracek’s Bears tenure as well, because it’s hard to see a team counting on a guy who has been injured so often once again next season. 4 (con’t) – Cardinals OLB Cody Brown – Brown, the Cardinals’ second-round pick this year, is a pass-rushing linebacker from Connecticut who was expected to find a rotation role for Arizona this year. He and Calais Campbell were slated to help replace the potent rush of Antonio Smith, who moved to Houston via free agency. But Brown broke his wrist and will miss the entire season. That hurts his development and takes a defensive weapon away for a defense that could use him. 3 – LB Nick Griesen, Broncos – Griesen was one of the myriad veteran free agents Denver brought in during the offseason to create depth. However, he suffered a knee injury on Aug. 3 that will cost him the season. His intelligence and experience in a 3-4 defense would have helped, but he looked to be more of a backup than a starter, so this loss doesn’t look to hamper Denver too much in the long run. 3 (con’t) – WR Syndric Steptoe, Browns – Steptoe had 19 catches as a rookie last year, but he’ll miss his second year with a shoulder injury. The most interesting thing about this injury is that Steptoe’s agent blames Browns head coach Eric Mangini for it. Steptoe was hurt in a practice conducted at full speed in a driving rain. Maybe this lends a little more credibility to our argument against Bill Belichick lieutenants succeeding as NFL head coaches. It’s a shame for Steptoe, who actually had some promise. 3 (con’t) – TE Tory Humphrey, Packers – Humphrey broke his forearm in training camp and will miss the entire season for the second time in three years. He has showed promise as a receiving tight end, but given his injury history it’s unlikely Green Bay will rely on him again. 3 (con’t) – LB Mark Simoneau, Saints – Simoneau was once a starter in New Orleans, but a right triceps injury will force him to miss the entire season for the second straight year. That limits New Orleans’ LB depth, which is already short because of Stanley Arnoux’s minicamp injury, and it caused the Saints to start looking at veteran ‘backers like Derrick Brooks. 3 (con’t) – P Josh Bidwell, Buccaneers – Bidwell had so much soreness in his hip that the Buccaneers opted to sideline him for the year and replace him with Dirk Johnson. The one-time Pro Bowl pick is a consistent punter, if not the biggest leg in the league, so losing him will sting – especially if Johnson struggles as much as he has in recent years. 3 (con’t) – LB Cato June, Texans – June was a starter with Indy and Tampa Bay, but at age 28 he was trying to start over and find a role in Houston. While he had the look of a future starter, he was running with the third team when he broke his arm just before the second preseason game. It will cost him the season. 3 (con’t) – Cowboys OT Robert Brewster – Brewster, a third-round pick, was projected as a backup tackle for the Cowboys. Instead, he’s going to be on injured reserve and miss the season after tearing a pectoral muscle. Given the age of Dallas’ tackles, this move could end up hurting more than it would appear at first glance. 3 (con’t) Broncos QB Chris Simms – So much for a quarterback competition in Denver. Simms, who had an opening to try to seize the starting job from Kyle Orton after Orton’s up-and-down performance in the first two preseason games, suffered a high ankle sprain that will cost him the last two preseason games and could hinder him in the first few weeks of the season. It’s another in a long list of injuries for Simms in his career. 3 (con’t) – WR Jabar Gaffney, Broncos – Gaffney, brought over from New England to be Denver’s reliable outside receiver, suffered a broken thumb that will cost him a few regular-season games. 3 (con’t) – OG Darnell Stapleton, Steelers – Stapleton started 12 games for the Steelers last year, and helped to stabilize an offensive line that struggled much of the year. But he suffered a knee injury early in training camp and will miss the whole season. 2- WR Donnie Avery, Rams – Avery hurt his leg in training camp and could miss the season opener. He’s vital to the Rams’ offensive plans this year, because he’s their No. 1 receiver. In fact, Avery is the only receiver for the Rams who’s even semi-proven in the NFL. So missing him for any games is a huge deal for St. Louis. 2 (con’t) – CB Jacque Reeves, Texans – Reeves broke a leg early in training camp and should miss at least a couple of games in the regular season, if not more. Reeves was a starter, and his absence could be compounded by the holdout of Dunta Robinson. Missing both of those players to start the season would really inhibit Houston’s ability to defend the pass, which is why the Texans added Deltha O’Neal after Reeves was hurt. 2 (con’t) – OT Khalif Barnes, Raiders – Barnes broke a leg in the first week of August and should miss some early regular-season action. He was slated to be the team’s starting left tackle after signing a one-year deal in the offseason, and so his absence will hurt the Raiders. But this falls to the bottom of this list because the Raiders don’t appear to be much of a contender even in the mediocre AFC West. 2 (con’t) – TE Dan Campbell, Saints – Campbell had only played three games over the past two seasons because of a knee injury, and it just didn’t get better. He’s a good blocking tight end, but given this chronic knee injury, his 11-year career looks to be nearing the end. 2 (con’t) – WR Marcus Smith, Ravens – Smith, a fourth-round pick in 2008, was slated to perhaps become the Ravens’ No. 4 receiver after a rookie season in which he played seven games without a catch. Instead, he tore an ACL and will miss the season. The significance of this injury is about Smith’s potential but also about the lack of depth the Ravens have at receiver. 2 (con’t) – Cowboys LB Brandon Williams – Like fellow rookie Brewster, Williams will miss the season. He has a torn ACL. Williams, a fourth-round pick, was slated to be a backup linebacker and likely a special-teams contributor. 2 (con’t) – Rams WR Brooks Foster – Foster, one of myriad young receivers who are trying to find playing time in a rebuilt corps, suffered a high ankle sprain in the first preseason game and had surgery two weeks later. The fifth-round pick will be out 4-6 games, but that might be long enough for the Rams to put him on IR and save him for 2010. 2 (con’t) – OLG Todd Herremans, Eagles – Philly’s starting left guard will miss the first regular-season game with a left foot injury. 2 (con’t) – CB Brandon Hughes, Chargers – Hughes, a fifth-round pick, will miss the entire season with a knee injury he suffered late in training camp. 2 (con’t) – OLs Ryan Tucker and Fred Weary, Browns – As they tried to stabilize their offensive line, the Browns signed Weary and kept veteran Tucker around. But both suffered knee injuries in training camp, and both are now on injured reserve. 2 (con’t) – WR Devard Darling, Chiefs – Darling, once a promising prospect in Baltimore, suffered a knee injury and will miss the season. The Chiefs had Darling as a starter on the depth chart, and while that wasn’t going to last, Darling would have made the team and contributed. 2 (con’t) – CB Don Carey, Jaguars – Carey was a sixth-round pick in Cleveland, and when he injured his shoulder, the Browns tried to stash him on injured reserve. But because he had to clear waivers first, he was available, and the Jaguars grabbed him. Jacksonville will stash Carey on injured reserve this season and then see if they can develop him in 2010. 1 – OT Damion Scott, Lions – Scott was an occasional starter in Detroit last year, but as the Lions added depth this offseason, Scott’s roster spot began looking precarious. But that’s moot now, because Scott tore a triceps muscle and will miss the season. 1 (con’t) – LB Cody Spencer, Lions – Spencer was brought over from the Jets to provide depth at linebacker, but he’ll miss the season with a knee injury. For a team as thin as Detroit is, any loss like this stings. 1 (con’t) – WR Roy Hall, Colts – Hall was competing for the Colts’ No. 3 receiver job with rookie Austin Collie and Pierre Garcon, but injuries plagued him throughout his three-year career and knocked him out for the season this year. At this point, it’s hard to see Hall getting another shot in Indy, which is a shame because the Colts could use a young wideout as promising as him. 1 (con’t) – WR Chris Davis, Titans – Davis was fighting a hamstring injury, but the fact that he got arrested during his rehab doomed him. That’s why Tennessee waived/injured him, which should land him on injured reserve for the year. Filed under Football Relativity, NFL Injuries Tagged as adam terry, andre brown, angelo crowell, arizona cardinals, atlanta falcons, baltimore ravens, ben utecht, brandon hughes, brandon jones, brandon williams, brooks foster, carolina panthers, cato june, chaz schilens, chicago bears, chris davis, chris simms, chris spencer, cincinnati bengals, cleveland browns, cody brown, cody spencer, cornelius ingram, dallas cowboys, dan campbell, daniel bullocks, darnell stapleton, denver broncos, detroit lions, devard darling, don carey, donnie avery, dusty dvoracek, Football Relativity, fred weary, green bay packers, harry douglas, houston texans, indianapolis colts, jabar gaffney, jacksonville jaguars, jacque reeves, jamaal brown, jammal brown, jared devries, jay alford, jon beason, josh bidwell, kansas city chiefs, kevin jones, khalif barnes, maake kemeoatu, marcus smith, mark simoneau, matt cassel, new orleans saints, new york giants, NFL Injuries, nick griesen, oakland raiders, philadelphia eagles, pittsburgh steelers, reggie kelly, robert brewster, roy hall, ryan tucker, san diego chargers, San Francisco 49ers, seattle seahawks, st. louis rams, stewart bradley, syndric steptoe, tampa bay buccaneers, tennessee titans, todd herremans, tory humprhey, walter jones Fantasy Football: The Rookies As we continue our fantasy football coverage, I thought we’d take a moment to compare this year’s rookies. We’re going to do this on a Football Relativity scale, with 10 being the rookie who will make the most fantasy impact this year and 1 being a rookie who is worth noticing in your draft preparation but probably won’t make a huge impact. We’ll also include several bonus names just in case you play in a 47-team league. You can follow our other Fantasy Football coverage for the ’09 season through this category link. 10 – RB Knowshon Moreno, Broncos – Moreno is the one rookie who has a chance to be an elite fantasy force this year. (You can see how he compares to other major running backs in this post.) Moreno is supremely talented, and the other backs in Denver – most notably Correll Buckhalter and Lamont Jordan – aren’t really candidates to steal a majority of carries from Moreno. I still believe that Moreno was a luxury pick for the Broncos in the draft, but he’s in a situation where he can be a quality pick for you in your fantasy draft. He’s a top-25 overall player, and there’s a big gap between him and the next rookie who should be considered in a fantasy league. 9 – none 8 – RB Chris “Beanie” Wells, Cardinals – Wells wasn’t the second running back taken in the draft, but he should be the second rookie back taken in fantasy drafts this year because of opportunity. With Edgerrin James gone, Wells and Tim Hightower are the two candidates for Cardinals carries, and that’s a battle Wells could win. I expect Wells to get 50-65 percent of Arizona’s carries, and in an offense that potent, that could result in numbers that make him a borderline fantasy starter and a top 20 or 25 running back. Wells is a guy who’s worth taking a round or even two rounds higher than most projections would suggest. 7 – WR Darrius Heyward-Bey, Raiders – Heyward-Bey was a reach with the seventh overall pick, but the Raiders will use him. He has great speed and is a downfield threat, and QB JaMarcus Russell has the arm to get him the ball. Given that, I think HeyBey has the best chance of any rookie receiver to be a fantasy starter as a rookie. I don’t expect HeyBey (and yes, that’s what we’re going to call him here on the site) to lead rookies in catches or receiving yards, but I do expect him to lead freshman wideouts in TD catches. Something like 40 catches with a high yards-per-catch average and 6-8 touchdowns sounds about right. If you’re in a 14-to-16 team league, HeyBey is the kind of guy I’d want as a backup receiver or even as a No. 3 wideout because he can score at any time. 6 – RB LeSean McCoy, Eagles – McCoy, a second-round pick, is backing up Brian Westbrook. Westbrook has gotten hurt often enough lately that McCoy should get some carries, and McCoy is talented enough to capitalize on them. McCoy looks to be a guy who will be a good start 3-4 times this year when Westbrook is sidelined, and that makes him a good backup option for your fantasy team. 6 (con’t) – WR Michael Crabtree, 49ers – Crabtree is a big, physical receiver who looks primed to start from the start in San Francisco. While he will likely face many of the growing pains other receivers encounter, Crabtree should still notch 50 catches or so as a rookie. And if he catches on quickly, his physical ability gives him a lot of upside. You could do worse than drafting Crabtree for the final WR spot on your bench. 5 – RB Donald Brown, Colts – Brown was a first-round pick, but he will likely have a bit of a harder time finding a role in his rookie year than Moreno or Wells. Brown is a do-everything back who will spell Joseph Addai, but it’s hard to see Brown reaching 50-50 status in terms of carries unless Addai gets dinged up. So Brown is a good guy to have on your bench, but you don’t want to rely on him as a starter. In keeper leagues, though, Brown’s value goes up, because you get the sense that the Colts aren’t thrilled with Addai and may want to replace him sooner rather than later. 5 (con’t) – WR Percy Harvin, Vikings – Harvin has had a tumultous offseason, but the Vikings are excited about finding ways to put his speed on display this fall. The fact that he can make big plays as a receiver, running back, returner, or even as a Wildcat-formation quarterback enhances his fantasy value. He definitely should be drafted in all but the smallest leagues, but don’t depend on Harvin to be an every-week starter until you see exactly what his role will be. Still, even with the growing pains every receiver faces, if you are ever stuck for a starter, Harvin is a good option as a fill-in because he is so potent when he gets the ball in his hands. 4 – QB Matthew Stafford, Lions – Rookie quarterbacks generally aren’t worth a great investment, but once Stafford takes over the starting role, it’s not outlandish to expect at least one TD pass a week to Calvin Johnson because Johnson is so freakishly good. So if you have one of the top 2-3 quarterbacks, Stafford is a decent option as a late-round backup QB who you’ll only play on your starter’s bye week. 4 (con’t) – TE Cornelius Ingram, Eagles – Ingram fell to the fifth round in the NFL draft because of a knee injury, but he’s healthy now and is probably the best pass-catching prospect among this year’s rookie tight ends. It’s not out of the realm of possibility to see him as a fantasy starter by mid-October. If you’re looking for upside at tight end, Ingram’s one to watch. 4 (con’t) – WR Austin Collie, Colts – If we had to identify one fantasy sleeper among the rookie receivers, it would be Collie. Collie played in a pro-style system at Purdue, and he faces little opposition to step up to become the third receiver in Indy pretty quickly. If he wins that role, he could post 30 or 40 catches, which combined with his upside could make him a backup-worthy player. And if Reggie Wayne or Anthony Gonzalez gets hurt, Collie is definitely a name to watch. 3 – RB Glen Coffee, 49ers – Coffee was a productive back at Alabama, and he looks to be Frank Gore’s primary backup in San Francisco. So he’s at least worth a pick as a handcuff, and given Gore’s injury history he may be worth a flier even if you don’t draft Gore early. 3 (con’t) – QB Mark Sanchez, Jets – Sanchez is probably more likely to start Game One than Stafford is, but for some reason I think Sanchez’s ceiling is about 15 touchdown passes as a rookie. A season like Joe Flacco’s rookie campaign (just under 3,000 yards and 14 touchdowns) is reasonable to expect, but that’s a third-string fantasy QB in most leagues. Again, in a keeper league, Sanchez is definitely a guy to take. 3 (con’t) – WRs Mohammed Massaquoi and Brian Robiskie, Browns – Cleveland spent two second-round picks on rebuilding their receiving corps. Massaquoi is the more physically talented of these two receivers, but Robiskie’s experience and technique (his dad is a longtime NFL receiver coach) could help him make an impact more quickly. One of these guys will probably end up starting across from Braylon Edwards, and so whichever one wins that job becomes a fantasy prospect. 3 (con’t) – WR Jeremy Maclin, Eagles – Maclin is a gamebreaker who could make a big impact right away. However, he’s got a bit of a transition from the relatively simple routes he ran at Missouri to the precise routes of the West Coast offense Philly uses. Still, he’s worth a draft pick, especially considering the big rookie season that his new teammate DeSean Jackson had last year. I don’t see Maclin matching Jackson’s rookie year, but Maclin is still a draftable prospect. 3 (con’t) – TE Chase Coffman, Bengals – Like Ingram, Coffman was a productive college player who fell a bit in the draft because of injury concerns. But he’s a real pass-catcher who moves to a pro team that has no strong tight end option in front of him. Coffman is a legit spot starter at tight end and could be a more regular fantasy option by midseason. 2 – RB Shonn Greene, Jets – Greene has a lot of talent, but it doesn’t look as though he’ll have a lot of opportunity as a rookie because he’s behind Thomas Jones and Leon Washington. So we’ll note his name, and if you draft Jones, consider adding Greene to your team late. 2 (con’t) – QB Pat White, Dolphins – It’s hard to tell what White’s role is going to be. He has great speed, but he probably won’t see snaps except in the Wildcat formation. The fact that Ronnie Brown can go under center in the Wildcat could limit White’s opportunities. White may be worth a flier to some, but we’re not among them. Let someone else take this risk in your fantasy draft. 2 (con’t) – TE Brandon Pettigrew, Lions – Pettigrew was the only tight end selected in the first round, and he’s the most likely rookie tight end to start Week One. But his role will be as much blocking as receiving, especially given the tenuous state of the Lions’ offensive line. That will likely limit his receiving numbers as a rookie. Pettigrew may merit consideration as a spot starter, but his fantasy impact in 2009 looks limited. 2 (con’t) – WR Hakeem Nicks, Giants – Nicks is a good prospect long-term, but given the experience the Giants return at receiver (Steve Smith, Domenik Hixon, and Mario Manningham), and given the usual adjustment period rookie receivers need, he’s unlikely to make a huge fantasy impact in ’09. He’s worth noting, especially if Steve Smith gets hurt for some reason, but he’s probably draftable only in huge leagues or keeper leagues. 2 (con’t) – WR Kenny Britt, Titans – Britt is a first-round pick who should eventually find a starting role in Tennessee, but he’s unlikely to put up big numbers in a run-first offense as a rookie. With free-agent signee Nate Washington and Justin Gage in front of him, Britt looks to be a third receiver at best in ’09, which makes him a fantasy afterthought unless there’s an injury. 2 (con’t) – WRs Mike Thomas, Jarrett Dillard and Tiquan Underwood, Jaguars – The Jags razed their receiving corps in the offseason and are starting anew. Ex-Ram Torry Holt and holdover Mike Thomas figure to start, but one of Jax’s rookies will play a big role. Our guess is that Thomas is the most likely rookie to emerge, but watch Dillard and Underwood to make sure that one of them doesn’t explode onto the scene in training camp. 2 (con’t) – WR Juaquin Iglesias, Bears – Iglesias could end up as a starter or at least a rotation player in Chicago right away because the Bears’ receiving depth chart is so flimsy right now. He was a productive guy at Oklahoma and could be a 20-30 catch guy immediately, especially with Jay Cutler bringing more passing prowess into town. So if you’re in a big league, keep an eye on Iglesias as a late-round prospect. 1 – RB Andre Brown, Giants – Brown has a chance to step into the Giants’ Earth, Wind, and Fire trio as the replacement for Derrick Ward, the former Fire who moved to Tampa Bay in the offseason. Still, unless Brandon Jacobs misses time, it’s hard to see Brown getting more than a handful of carries a game. 1 (con’t) – WR Ramses Barden, Giants – Hakeem Nicks isn’t much of a prospect, and Barden is less experienced and played lesser competition in college. But Barden’s huge size (6-foot-6) could find him a minor red-zone role. I could see him having the kind of season that James Hardy had in Buffalo last year (9 catches but 2 touchdowns), or maybe a touchdown or two more. So keep an eye on Barden’s development just in case. 1 (con’t) – WRs Brian Hartline and Patrick Turner, Dolphins – We’re going to mention Hartline and Turner as a group entry. There’s room in Miami for one of them to emerge as a starter outside, and if that happens that rookie could end up being a fantasy consideration. So watch their camp battle and see if one of these rookies seems to emerge. 1 (con’t) – RB James Davis, Browns – The Browns have every-down back Jamal Lewis returning, but they let Jason Wright go in the offseason, which opens the door for Davis to be Lewis’ primary backup. And with Lewis’ age, it’s important to know who his backup is. So Davis is a handcuff option for Lewis owners, and the rookie may even be worth a flier in deep leagues as an option to stash until midseason to see what his role becomes. Other rookies whose names you should know but probably not draft, unless you’re in one of those 47-team leagues… RBs Mike Goodson (Carolina), Rashad Jennings (Jacksonville) WRs Deon Butler (Seattle), Louis Murphy (Oakland), Brandon Tate (New England), Derrick Williams (Detroit), Mike Wallace (Pittsburgh), Johnny Knox (Chicago), Brooks Foster (St. Louis), Sammie Stroughter (Tampa Bay) TEs Travis Beckum (N.Y. Giants), James Casey (Houston), Jared Cook (Tennessee), Richard Quinn (Broncos) PK Ryan Succop (Kansas City) Filed under Fantasy Football, Football Relativity Tagged as andre brown, arizona cardinals, austin collie, beanie wells, brandon pettigrew, brandon tate, brian hartline, brian robiskie, brooks foster, carolina panthers, chase coffman, chicago bears, chris wells, cincinnati bengals, cleveland browns, cornelius ingram, darrius heyward-bey, denver broncos, deon butler, derrick williams, detroit lions, donald brown, Fantasy Football, Football Relativity, glen coffee, hakeem nicks, houston texans, indianapolis colts, jacksonville jaguars, james casey, james davis, jared cook, jarrett dillard, jeremy maclin, johnny knox, juaquin iglesias, kansas city chiefs, kenny britt, knowshon moreno, lesean mccoy, louis murphy, mark sanchez, matthew stafford, miami dolphins, michael crabtree, mike goodson, mike thomas, mike wallace, minnesota vikings, mohammed massaquoi, new england patriots, new york giants, new York jets, oakland raiders, pat white, patrick turner, percy harvin, philadelphia eagles, pittsburgh steelers, ramses barden, richard quinn, ryan succop, sammie stroughter, San Francisco 49ers, seattle seahawks, shonn greene, st. louis rams, tampa bay buccaneers, tennessee titans, tiquan underwood, travis beckum FR: 2009 NFL Draft review After putting out first (and second) thoughts on the draft, and sharing some local knowledge, we now want to take time to compare each team’s draft class to each other. Because draft grades are just as useless as power rankings, we’re going to do this the Football Relativity way. We’ll compare each team’s haul to the others, with the best hauls at 10 on the scale and the worst haul at 1. 10 – Patriots – The Patriots traded down (as usual), but they got a load of talent. Second-rounders DT Ron Brace and CB Darius Butler were great picks, and I expect S Patrick Chung and OT Sebastian Vollmer to become starters as well. Then there’s third-rounder Brandon Tate, who was a first-round talent before a knee injury and a reported positive drug test dropped his stock. There are at least three and maybe five hits there, not even considering the guys they picked later. Plus, New England amassed two extra second-round picks next year. This was exactly the kind of draft a veteran contender needs to restock and continue moving forward. 9 – Jets – This was a completely opposite draft from New England’s, but just as effective. The price to move up to get QB Mark Sanchez was right, and the Jets showed enough gumption to pay it. (I actually think the Jets might have ended up paying less in the trade to move to 5 than they would have to move to 8.) Sanchez sets the Jets up long term, which is the best thing you can do in a draft. Shonn Greene is a good running back, and given Leon Washington’s impending free agency and Thomas Jones’ contract squabble, that could quickly become a position of need for Gang Green. 8 – Giants – Jerry Reese has quickly established himself as a good drafter, and he did a good job again. First-rounder WR Hakeem Nicks has a world of talent and produced at a high level in college, and he’s at a need position. The question is whether the pressure to replace Plaxico Burress overwhelms Nicks and hinders his development. Getting OT William Beatty and OLB Clint Sintim in the second round was really good value and fortifies the Giants’ biggest strengths. Both should be starter-caliber down the line. Ramses Barden is a huge receiver who is an intriguing prospect, and fourth-round Andre Brown could end up replacing Derrick Ward as fire in the RB troika. The Giants will continue as one of the league’s deepest teams with this draft class. 8 (con’t) – Eagles – For a team that didn’t have third- or fourth-round picks, the Eagles had a surprisingly deep draft. First-rounder Jeremy Maclin is a really good WR prospect and could combine with DeSean Jackson to finally give the Eagles a good (if smallish) receiving corps. Second-rounder LeSean McCoy provides depth at running back that is essential because of Correll Buckhalter’s departure and Brian Westbrook’s tendency to get dinged. Fifth-round TE Cornelius Ingram is an intersting prospect if he can overcome a knee injury, and CB Macho Harris was a productive college player. There’s not a lot of line help here, but because the Eagles usually focus there, it’s OK to go away from that for a year. 8 (con’t) – Rams – The Rams didn’t do anything fancy, but they got a massive talent infusion that was sorely needed. OT Jason Smith could end up being the best player in the draft, and second-round LB James Laurinaitis will become the cornerstone of the defense. That’s a great start. On the second day, the Rams got a developmental corner in Bradley Fletcher and a defensive tackle, Dorrell Scott, who should be in a rotation right away and could eventually anchor the defense. All in all, it was a great weekend for St. Louis. 7 – Ravens – While some have questions about Michael Oher, the worst-case scenario for him is that he’s an above-average right tackle. That’s a good find at 23. OLB Paul Kruger (second round) and ILB Jason Phillips (fifth round) will fit into this defense as well. All in all, another solid haul from a team that’s annually one of the best on draft day. 7 (con’t) – Texans – I liked the pick of OLB Brian Cushing in the first round. He’s the kind of player who can help take the Texans’ defense to the next level. (Remember, the Texans already have front-line playmakers like DEs Mario Williams and Antonio Smith and DT Amobi Okoye, plus LB DeMeco Ryans.) Connor Barwin seems to be a fit too, and as a pass-rush specialist, he’ll provide immediate value. Antoine Caldwell is a solid offensive lineman as well. And people raved about TE James Casey’s athleticism, so he’s an interesting fifth-round pick to watch. 7 (con’t) – Bengals – Cincinnati took a lot of home-run swings in this class – OT Andre Smith, ILB Rey Maualuga, DE Michael Johnson among them. If all three hit, this is a franchise-making class. But there’s a chance (not huge, but not miniscule either) that all three could miss. So I can’t put this class at the top of the list. Still, this is a needed talent infusion. I liked the pick of TE Chase Coffman at the end of the third round; he could start right away. P Kevin Huber will also step right in, because the Bengals cleared out their other punters right after the draft. 7 (con’t) – Packers – Green Bay is switching to a 3-4 defense, and unlike some other switching teams (this means you, Denver), they tried to actually fill the holes in their D that this switch creates. B.J. Raji is the nose tackle that makes this kind of defense stout against the run, so he made sense at No. 9 overall. I don’t love Clay Matthews as a prospect, but he can play outside ‘backer and rush the passer while also dropping into coverage, so it made sense for Green Bay to deal back into the end of the first round to get him. They still need the DeMarcus Ware type of pass rush phenom to really make the D click, but you can’t get everything at once. Green Bay also got some interior OL help in the form of second-day picks T.J. Lang and Jamon Meredith. This is a solid, need-driven draft that doesn’t have elite talent but that does have good players who will help in ’09 and beyond. 7 (con’t) – 49ers – I’ve documented my love for Michael Crabtree, and so of course I’m going to rave about the fact that the Niners got him at No. 10 overall. San Fran also got an extra first-round pick next year, which is great value but prevented this class from being truly stocked. Third-round RB Glen Coffee will help relieve Frank Gore, while fifth-round LB Scott McKillop will be a solid two-down player. And seventh-round DT Ricky Jean-Francois is a talent who underperformed this year but who could emerge once again. 6 – Bills – I think that Brian Orakpo was a better player than Aaron Maybin, so I didn’t love the fact that the Bills opted for Maybin. But most people think that Eric Wood (28th overall) and Andy Levitre (2nd round) will become offensive line starters inside. I would have preferred a tackle at 28 instead of Wood, but if he becomes a solid starter, that’s OK. All in all, this was a solid draft, but it didn’t have the pop that would have helped after the Jason Peters trade. 6 (con’t) – Jaguars – OTs Eugene Monroe and Eben Britton provide help at a huge need area right off the bat, and I like the fact that Jacksonville overloaded there. Free-agent acquisition Tra Thomas signed a one-year deal, so by 2010 both Monroe and Britton could be starting. The Jags also needed wideouts, and they drafted three, including Mike Thomas, who is probably the best prospect. He was a good fourth-round value. This looks to be a solid draft class. 6 (con’t) – Lions – The Lions did what they had to do in opting for QB Matthew Stafford with the No. 1 overall pick and signing him before the draft. He’s the best QB talent in this class; now it’s on him to develop and the Lions to coach him up. TE Brandon Pettigrew should help that development as a safety-valve receiver and blocker. Louis Delmas should be a starting safety, and Derrick Williams should be an eventual starter at wide receiver. I would have preferred the Lions to get some more OL help, but they had so many needs that every pick makes sense. This is an infusion of talent that will help, although the Lions need several more booster shots before they’re healthy again. 6 (con’t) – Cardinals – The Cards have secretly been a team that has drafted well over the past several years, and they followed that trend again this year. First-round RB Beanie Wells should be a starter complementing Tim Hightower right away. Arizona was lucky that he fell to them. Third-round S Rashad Johnson is the real deal as well. DE Cody Brown helps to replace the departed Antonio Smith and Travis LaBoy, and I’m intrigued to see how OT Herman Johnson’s massive size translates to the NFL. Lots of hits once again in Arizona. 6 (con’t) – Steelers – This was a typical Steelers draft – not flashy but full of solid players. Ziggy Hood is a good value as a defensive lineman, and OL Kraig Urbik steps into the team’s biggest need area. Seventh-round C A.Q. Shipley could end up as a starter, and pretty soon. Add two corners (Keenan Lewis and Joe Burnett) to another need area, and you have a draft class that allows Pittsburgh to continue moving forward. 5 – Titans – The Titans didn’t need a lot of immediate help, so this draft is about filling in cracks instead of filling chasms. First-rounder Kenny Britt is a good prospect who will probably need a couple of years, but he’s a talent at a spot where the Titans haven’t had enough skill over the years. DT Sen’Derrick Marks is probably the guy out of this class the Titans most need to play immediately. He’s a talent, but his production hasn’t been ideal. But given the Titans’ strong coaching staff and especially DL coach Jim Washburn, he’s worth the risk. TE Jared Cook is a good prospect, and RB Javon Ringer is good insurance in case LenDale White doesn’t keep his weight down. 5 (con’t) – Redskins – The reason you don’t trade future first-round picks is that you never know when a player the caliber of DE Brian Orakpo will fall to you. The Redskins patience was rewarded with the best DE in the draft and a guy who should provide a solid pass rush for years to come. There’s not a wealth of depth in this draft because of pre-draft trades, but getting a premium prospect in Orakpo keeps the Redskins pretty high in the comparison. 5 (con’t) – Bears – The Bears were one of two teams without a first-day pick, but they did much better on the second day than Dallas did. Third-round DT Jarron Gilbert is a talent who needs coaching, and the Bears have one of the league’s best DL coaches in Rod Marinelli. (Bad head coach, great position coach) Wide receiver was Chicago’s biggest need area, and Joaquin Iglesias is a good prospect there, while Johnny Knox is an intriguing sleeper. Fourth-round CB D.J. Moore is undersized, but he was a terrific college player who I believe will contribute as a starter eventually, a la current Bear (and former fourth-round pick) Nathan Vasher. This is a solid class of second-day prospects. 5 (con’t) – Falcons – This is another draft that isn’t sexy but that is very functional. DT Peria Jerry will help inside, and S William Moore is a talent who is a potential starter if he gets good coaching and responds to it. I like fourth-round DE Lawrence Sidbury as a John Abraham-lite pass rusher, especially given Abraham’s tendency to miss time. Even the last two picks, LB Spencer Adkins and DT Vance Walker, could contribute in the Falcons’ system. There isn’t great impact here, but the Falcons continue to fill out their roster. 5 (con’t) – Saints – The Saints didn’t have a lot of picks because of trades for Jonathan Vilma and Jeremy Shockey, but they used the picks they did have on defense. First-rounder Malcolm Jenkins should be the best cornerback out of this class, and he’s big enough to play either corner or safety. New Orleans needs him to emerge as a corner, in part because fourth-round FS Chip Vaughn is a potential starter as well. If the Saints get two secondary starters out of this few picks, that’s good work. 5 (con’t) – Seahawks – Getting Aaron Curry at No. 4 was a boon for Seattle, and second-rounder Max Unger is an immediate starter as well. While these guys don’t play high-impact positions, they will become core players. Third-round receiver Deon Butler steps into a need area as well. Not having fourth- or fifth-round picks limits the depth of this class, but Seattle did well with its first three selections. 4 – Dolphins- Vontae Davis was probably the most talented corner in the draft aside from Malcolm Jenkins, although he didn’t play to his talent last year. Still, at the bottom of the first round, he’s a good pick. I don’t know what to think about the Pat White selection in the second round. What’s White’s upside? The Dolphins already think that Chad Henne is their quarterback of the future, so White is blocked there. Can White really be a starting receiver? The fact that Miami drafted Patrick Turner and Brian Hartline in the middle rounds would indicate that the Dolphins don’t think so. So are we looking at White as a Wildcat-offense specialist? I might be wrong, but I don’t think that niche role is worth a high second-round pick. 4 (con’t) – Vikings – This was another risky draft class. First-rounder Percy Harvin has blinding speed, and could be a game-breaker. But he’s not a true wide receiver, and his off-field concerns make him a question mark. The Vikings will have to tweak their schemes to really maximize Harvin’s talents. Second-round OT Phil Loadholt is a load who can play right tackle, but there are comportment questions about him as well. CB Asher Allen was good but inconsistent in college, while fifth-round LB Jasper Brinkley battled injuries in his college career. It’s hard to tell whether this class will end up being great or disappointing, so we have to leave them in the middle for now. 4 (con’t) – Colts – RB Donald Brown is a good player, and the Colts had some need there because of Joseph Addai’s tendency to get dinged up. But the Colts are trying to alter their defensive system, and they didn’t get enough help there. DT Fili Moala has a reputation as a bit of an underachiever, but he and Terrance Taylor at least provide size inside. The Colts need P Pat McAfee needs to win the job right off the bat after letting Hunter Smith leave. This isn’t an eye-popping draft, but there is some help here. 4 (con’t) – Chiefs – DE Tyson Jackson was a little bit of a reach, but he’s a good prospect at a need area. Still, I don’t see a lot of impact from him. Solid play, yes, but not impact. (Think Ty Warren, not Richard Seymour.) Jackson and second-rounder Alex Magee should fill DE spots in the Chiefs’ new 3-4. Fourth-round CB Donald Washington could be a steal, and he’s certainly the Chiefs’ best second-day prospect. Trading for Matt Cassel was the right move for K.C., but that deal thinned out this draft class significantly. So these players will help, but the Chiefs are so talent-starved that they still need more. 3 – Raiders – Everyone is pounding the Raiders’ draft, but there are a couple of teams I thought did less with more picks. First-rounder Darrius Heyward-Bey is a huge talent, and while he would have been on the board at 17 and didn’t have to be taken seventh overall, he’s at least a legitimate first-rounder. Fourth-round WR Louis Murphy is a sleeper who could team with Heyward-Bey to revitalize the Raiders’ receiving corps – and that’s necessary. Picking three D-linemen should help. Plus, the Raiders get a brownie point from me for drafting defensive linemen named Slade (Norris) and Stryker (Sulak). 3 (con’t) – Chargers – I don’t love first-round pick Larry English, a small DE who will have to move to outside ‘backer, but I can see why the Chargers made that pick given Shawne Merriman’s contract and injury situation. But why not Robert Ayers instead of English? The lack of a second-round pick (which they dealt during last year’s draft) really hurts the depth of this class. Canadian DT Vaughn Martin is an interesting prospect to watch. 3 (con’t) – Panthers – The Panthers have been traditionally one of the league’s best drafting teams, but they’re in a dangerous Boolean thread of trading next year’s first-rounder for a current pick. It worked out OK last year, because Jeff Otah played well and the pick was 28th overall. But Everette Brown, whom they picked in the second round, isn’t a dominant player like Otah is. Brown is a good defensive end, but ideally he would play across from Julius Peppers instead of trying to replace him. Beyond that, DT Corvey Irvin fills a need but was a bit of a reach, and RB Mike Goodson doesn’t seem to fill a huge need. Sixth-round OG Duke Robinson has character questions, but in the sixth round you’re not finding a better talent. Given the losses Carolina had on their line, Robinson will be an important backup right away. The Panthers will get some players out of this draft, but it’s not up to their usual standards. 2 – Broncos – I fundamentally disagree with the Broncos’ approach in this draft. They needed defensive help, especially in the front 7, yet DE/OLB Robert Ayers was the only pick in that area. He’s a good fit, but what about defensive tackle (which was completely overlooked)? RB Knowshon Moreno was a luxury pick for a team with a lot of necessities. He’ll be a good pro, but he’s not taking this team from 8-8 to 10-6, much less any further. Alphonso Smith is a good corner, but he won’t replace Champ Bailey because of his height. The Broncos need Smith, Darnell McBath, and David Bruton to stabilize the secondary, but only Smith is a core player there. I do like fifth-round WR Kenny McKinley as a sleeper. There’s talent in this class, but on the whole this draft just didn’t make sense for a team that should be remaking its post-Jay Cutler identity. (Read the first thoughts post for what I think this class says about Josh McDaniels.) 2 (con’t) – Cowboys – Like the Bears, Dallas didn’t have any first-day picks, but in Dallas’ case my eyes didn’t pop at the picks they did have. It didn’t help that their first pick, OLB Jason Williams, felt like a reach. I’d be surprised if there’s more than one or two starters in this group. They did draft the most interesting kicker in David Buehler, who absolutely tore it up at the combine. 2 (con’t) – Buccaneers – I’m not a Josh Freeman believer, but the Bucs are. I won’t pound them for dealing a sixth-round pick to move up two spots to get him. But given the massive overhaul the Bucs are doing on defense, they could have used more help on that side. We’ll see if Roy Miller or Kyle Moore contribute on the defensive line. Watch seventh-round WR Sammie Stroughter as a potential sleeper. The bottom line is that this draft class will rise and fall with Freeman, and because I think he’ll fall, the Bucs fall to the bottom of this comparison. 1 – Browns – Simply put, the Browns didn’t get enough value for the fifth overall pick, and it seemed like they were scared to pick in the first round. The guy they ended up with, C Alex Mack, should start, but how much of an impact can he have at that position? For a team that needs a lot of help, Mack doesn’t provide it. The Browns gave up on top-5 talent too easily because they didn’t want to pay financially, and that will end up costing them in the long run. Then to make things worse, I thought WR Brian Robeskie was a reach at the top of the second round. Only the picks of WR Mohammed Massaquoi and LB Kaluka Maiava keep this class from being a total failure. Filed under Football Relativity, NFL draft Tagged as a.q. shipley, aaron curry, aaron maybin, alex mack, alex magee, alphonso smith, andre brown, andre smith, andy levitre, antoine caldwell, arizona cardinals, asher allen, atlanta falcons, b.j. raji, baltimore ravens, beanie wells, bradley fletcher, brandon pettigrew, brandon tate, brian cushing, brian hartline, brian orakpo, brian robeskie, buffalo bills, carolina panthers, chase coffman, chicago bears, chip vaughn, chris wells, cincinnati bengals, clay matthews, cleveland browns, clint sintim, cody brown, connor barwin, cornelius ingram, corvey irvin, d.j. moore, dallas cowboys, darius butler, darnell mcbath, darrius heyward-bey, david bruton, david buehler, denver broncos, deon butler, derrick williams, detroit lions, donald brown, donald washington, dorrell scott, duke robinson, eben britton, eric wood, eugene monroe, evander hood, everette brown, fili moala, Football Relativity, glen coffee, green bay packers, hakeem nicks, herman johnson, houston texans, indianapolis colts, jacksonville jaguars, james casey, james lauranaitis, jamon meredith, jared cook, jarron gilbert, jason phillips, jason smith, jason williams, jasper brinkley, javon ringer, jeremy maclin, joaquin iglesias, joe burnett, johnny knox, josh freeman, kaluka maiava, kansas city chiefs, keenan lewis, kenny britt, kenny mckinley, kevin huber, knowshon moreno, kraig urbik, kyle moore, larry english, lawrence sidbury, lesean mccoy, louis delmas, louis murphy, macho harris, malcolm jenkins, mark sanchez, matthew stafford, max unger, miami dolphins, michael crabtree, michael johnson, michael oher, mike goodson, mike thomas, minnesota vikings, mohammed massaquoi, new england patriots, new orleans saints, new york giants, new York jets, NFL draft, oakland raiders, pat mcafee, pat white, patrick chung, patrick turner, paul kruger, percy harvin, peria jerry, phil loadholt, philadelphia eagles, pittsburgh steelers, ramses barden, rashad johnson, rey maualuga, ricky jean-francois, robert ayers, ron brace, roy miller, sammie stroughter, san diego chargers, San Francisco 49ers, scott mckillop, seattle seahawks, sebastian vollmer, sen'derrick marks, shonn greene, slade norris, spencer adkins, st. louis rams, stryker sulak, t.j. lang, tampa bay buccaneers, tennessee titans, terrance taylor, tyson jackson, vance walker, vaughn martin, victor harris, vontae davis, washington redskins, william beatty, william moore, ziggy hood	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16910
__label__cc	0.521017	0.478983	The Value of Exposure: Is All Publicty Good? Posted on January 7, 2010 by Ben Berger There is an oft repeated sentiment that there is no such thing as bad publicity, and in American soccer circles, this worn axiom was often repeated in the wake of Grant Wahl’s revelation of the Beckham/Donovan feud. More recently, soccer fans have been cheering the exposure generated by Devin Barclay, the former MLS journeyman now turned kicker for Ohio State. Now, the CBA negotiations are starting to drift into mainstream sports coverage. These are certainly not all positive stories, yet at this stage in MLS’ development, we tend to agree with the cliche, and believe that pretty much all exposure is good for MLS because it aids in all efforts to drum the existence and success of professional domestic soccer into the collective conscience. How do you measure that exposure? Well, through the website criticalmention.com, MLS tries to alert media to the “value” of its presence on various television programs. By way of example, WUSA, the DC CBS affiliate recently ran a brief story at the end of its evening sportscast about the hiring of Curt Onalfo. According to critical mention, the story reached approximately 52,000 sets of eyeballs for a total “publicity value” of $1628. At the same time, a longer piece on KATU news in Portland about the renovation of PGE Park reached on 2200 viewers for much smaller $174 value. Criticalmention also reviews Spanish broadcasts and determined that a recent story on Interliga from Univision’s New York affiliate reached 46,000 viewers for $4008 in value. These numbers are both interesting and informative and provide some tangible basis for comparison when looking at the value of exposure in the broadcast media. This analysis is especially important when sponsors see their names splashed across jersey fronts during highlights or signboards show their brands for prolonged periods of time. Moreover, given that many of these broadcasts are local, references to franchises (to a partially captive audience) stress the presence of the team to the community and may remind a viewer of the intention to buy a ticket or watch a game. « MLS Expansion Update: 2011 The Business of the MLS Combine » Alisha, on January 9, 2010 at 10:19 pm said: really like this story. very interesting! as mls is growing, every dollar’s worth of exposure counts. maybe a few great scandals could elevate public interest… Liggie, on January 10, 2010 at 3:33 am said: I disagree on there being no such thing as bad publicity. Just ask Tiger Woods. Ben Berger, on January 10, 2010 at 4:24 am said: True. But Woods doesn’t need the exposure, for American Soccer, I think it it is hard to have bad exposure.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16911
__label__cc	0.721938	0.278062	Policy and solutions (Moderator: kassy) » UN Climate Agreement - Paris 2015 and beyond Pages: 1 ... 31 32 [33] 34 35 ... 38 Go Down Author Topic: UN Climate Agreement - Paris 2015 and beyond (Read 478475 times) Re: UN Climate Agreement - Paris 2015 and beyond « Reply #1600 on: October 14, 2018, 10:46:23 PM » Quote from: wili on October 14, 2018, 08:11:34 PM ASLR, thanks, as always, for that article on forest loss and cc. I plan to dig into it further later, but did you happen to notice if it said what the major causes of deforestation were? As I recall, clearing land for cattle grazing and for growing soy and other crops mostly used to feed cattle was one of the main causes. I do wonder whether, in most sources on the subject, the GW effects of a meat-centered diet are greatly under estimated. You can add palm-oil plantations to the list. Much of the palm-oil going into bio-fuel. A really big screw-up by environmentalists and enthusiastically picked up by the EU who financed a lot of these plantations in Asia. And you can add chipboard to the list. As one who got caught up in this 25 years ago in the S Pacific (and put his family and himself in peril as a result) I can assure you at lot of hardwood forests are still being cut down to feed these industries. And coffee And bananas And............ « Reply #1601 on: October 15, 2018, 01:12:46 AM » So all we need to do is to return to 300-325 ppm and all will be right with the world. As soon as the elite join Elon and are enjoying their terraformed Martian gated communities, the rest of us, thanks to boring technology, will morph into later day troglodyte mole people, separated from the surface not just by miles of mud and discarded Tesla Brick, but by endless solar panels that stretch from GF1 to shining GF3, and the ruthless robots deployed to protect and polish this vast sea of endless energy. As Autonomous Auto's race from Supercharger to Supercharger, their original purpose of transporting people has been subverted by their preening desire to show off under the admiring sensors of flirtatious young AI convertibles, often brazenly exposing their software. E-Semis flex their 5th wheels as they languidly sip cooling fluids while sauntering between Giganta-GigaFactories where Alien Dreadnoughts assemble future generations of Autonomous Autos. Eventually, with the Storms of our Grandfathers behind us. The venerable Keeling ReCurve will descend to 324 ppm, and all will be right with the world. Retired, again... Yep, all aboard the Axiom. Add override directive A113 and those aboard the Axiom will be just fine. A113.mp4 (1603.88 kB - downloaded 775 times.) Omnia mirari, etiam tritissima. Science is a jealous mistress and takes little account of a man's feelings. Quote from: AbruptSLR on October 14, 2018, 07:30:05 PM For those who aren't aware, the IPCC carbon budget time projections make a number of incorrect assumptions, including: 1. Policymakers will act so quickly that the budgets use TCR (Transient Climate Response) values rather that ECS (Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity) values. So as policymakers are not acting quickly, climate response will be higher than the IPCC projections. 2. Recent research indicates that the mean value for the current ECS of ~3C assumed by the IPCC is too low and is currently likely in the 3C to 4C range; which means again that the IPCC projections are too low. 3. Recent research confirms that both TCR and ECS increase with continued warming; thus as policymakers are acting slowly, the IPCC projections are again too low. 4. James Hansen has repeatedly warned that climate projections should consider the combined impact on climate sensitivity of abrupt ice mass loss from ice sheets and his ice-climate feedback mechanism, and per DeConto & Pollard this sizable feedback could begin in the 2040's, but currently all IPCC projections ignore this positive feedback mechanism. Good points ASLR, they are weak on tipping points and the above also reminds me of Meadows bathtub analogy. What's also weak (mainly because it's on policymaker's desk?); issues related to climate migration and such. wili, From the linked article, it appears that the heavy deforestation losses in 2017 came from human activities in post-conflict Columbia and due to fires in Brazil: https://blog.globalforestwatch.org/data/2017-was-the-second-worst-year-on-record-for-tropical-tree-cover-loss?utm_campaign=gfw&utm_source=wriinsights&utm_medium=hyperlink&utm_term=gfwclimatebythenumbers_10_2018 Extract: "The rise comes despite declining deforestation rates, and is mainly due to fires in the Amazon. The Amazon region had more fires in 2017 than any year since recording began in 1999, causing 31 percent of the region’s tree cover loss according to University of Maryland data, which for the first time attributed specific instances of tree cover loss to fires." Deforestation by country 2017.PNG (42.61 kB, 540x461 - viewed 348 times.) Quote from: Sleepy on October 15, 2018, 07:01:29 AM Sleepy, I assume that those two images both have pictures of yourself in their lower right hand corners. If so it is nice to see you. Sigmetnow It's Time For The Adults To Take Charge — 100 Corporations Responsible For 71% Of Carbon Emissions https://cleantechnica.com/2018/10/14/its-time-for-the-adults-to-take-charge-100-corporations-responsible-for-71-of-carbon-emissions/ People who say it cannot be done should not interrupt those who are doing it. Human Habitat Index Quote from: Sigmetnow on October 16, 2018, 12:26:42 AM Let's assume that catastrophic temperature rise is baked in and an effort to rapidly decarbonize will remove the aerosol effect which will accellerate our demise. In that case, the actions of the lead puppet of the power structure, are entirely rational. There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance. That principle is contempt prior to investigation. - Herbert Spencer Thanks, unfortunately my English isn't as good as this: Just a short quote with some wise words from the end of that one: When there is a conflict between what you say and what you do, what you do, will convey a stronger message. NeilT For those of us who were watching RealClimate every day when Copenhagen was going on, the news was pretty grim. The number of scientists who said they were _never_ going to contribute to an IPCC paper again were more than just one or two. Their issue was this. The draft document stated, pretty clearly, "we're well beyond screwed and we needed to be acting on it 20 years ago". The final document, "passed by the management", had a slightly different flavour. Things are pretty bad but if you all hang with us and take these small baby steps we'll all get there in the end. IPCC documents are political documents. There is no point in fact checking them too closely. BTW, for those who were not members of the British Army, "passed by the management" is a euphemism for piss poor beer.... As in "piss water" or water "passed" by the management... Being right too soon is socially unacceptable. Quote from: NeilT on October 16, 2018, 09:53:44 PM But has to be that way, if people find out the truth and "down tools", the resultant loss of aerosol effect means we start frying in a short period of time. ivica Kelele Fits with the post by Sleepy, #1622, October 09, 2018. Why Economists Can't Understand Complex Systems: Not Even the Nobel Prize, William Nordhaus by Ugo Bardi, October 14, 2018: "Nordhaus' approach to climate change mitigation highlights a general problem with how economists tend to tackle complex systems: their training makes them tend to see changes as smooth and gradual. But real-world systems, normally, do what they damn please, including crashing down in what we call the Seneca Effect." < Kelele == Let's Do It Together == Synergy > While the picture shows the relationship between politicians and voter, the same arrangement is the origin of the term 'management overhead'. Politicians-Voters.jpg (43.5 kB, 381x585 - viewed 245 times.) When thinking about future GHG emissions from coal it is important to take a holistic viewpoint, and to consider how countries like Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Pakistan and other Asian countries are trending (especially as China's Belt and Road Initiative shift coal consumption from China to its neighbors): Title: "The Center of Coal Demand Keeps Shifting" https://www.csis.org/analysis/center-coal-demand-keeps-shifting Extract: "Coal accounted for 44 percent of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2016, even though it provided 27 percent of the world’s primary energy. The world needs to either curb coal use or develop technologies that limit carbon emissions from coal to meet its climate goals. In policy circles, this challenge is often framed around specific countries—the need for Germany, China, or the United States, for example, to reduce coal use. But this conversation, while essential, tends to underrate how much of the world’s coal challenge is now an Asian challenge. Unless Asia can find other energy sources to meet its needs, our efforts to curb CO2 emissions from coal will likely fail. Asian demand is dominated by China, whose consumption has weakened in recent years (down 4 percent relative to the 2013 peak). But demand outside China is growing. In part, this is due to India, although its coal use is still less than a fourth of China’s. Among the countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), demand is falling in Australia, rising in Korea and remaining near all-time highs in Japan. Together with New Zealand, these countries make up 10 percent of regional coal demand—with modest growth. The most dynamic part, however, is the rest: a group of countries that includes Indonesia, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Pakistan, and others (ordered by 2017 demand). Demand in that sub-group rose 45 percent in the last decade. Soon, this region could surpass the European Union, whose demand was 13 percent higher in 2017. Indonesia now consumes more coal than Poland, and in a few years, it might overtake Germany. Indonesia and Vietnam together use more coal than South Africa, and Vietnam’s coal use has more than quadrupled since 2007. Malaysia is a latecomer, but its coal consumption has more than doubled in the last 10 years—it consumes more coal than the Czech Republic, Spain or the United Kingdom. And demand for energy in these countries keeps growing—energy use per capita is low, and electrification rates and electricity consumption are rising. This is the challenge in simple terms: while the world beyond Asia might reduce its coal consumption, demand keeps rising in Asia; and this demand growth is not concentrated only in China, or even China and India, but in several other emerging economies that see coal as an answer to their energy needs. The solution to this problem, however, is harder to see. The most common answer, to use more gas, is not quite working, and in several countries in Southeast Asia coal is being used because gas cannot compete or gas is being exported instead. Renewable energy holds great promise, but Southeast Asia needs to do more to scale up its renewable energy potential. China’s Belt and Road Initiative risks entrenching coal further, despite Beijing’s stated desire to maintain the initiative’s green and environmental credentials. Absent a more concerted effort to channel funds that support non-coal energy, the region will keep using more coal, and the world’s success elsewhere might easily be muted by Asia." Russia's strengthening trade with India may provide some relief on the coal front. 6 new Russian Nuclear plants were recently signed for by India, and Yamal LNG may lower the cost of natural gas, making it increasingly competitive with coal. The new Russia-China pipeline is due to be operational before the end of this year, and costs to China are said to be low. More gas = less coal? Trump's attempts to isolate Iran will also serve to lower energy prices for those bold enough to make the purchase. NordStream 2 is being constructed and may help to ween Germany from her coal consumption addiction. https://tomluongo.me/2018/09/21/trump-folds-nordstream-2-logic/ Quote from: ivica on October 17, 2018, 10:06:00 AM A good one ivica, thanks. The first signs of a leaking hull on this ship was first noticed in the early 70's. A deliberate design. D-Penguin IPCC Special Report Global Warming of 1.5 deg C http://report.ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf Summary for Policy Makers A. Understanding Global Warming of 1.5°C4 FIRST QUOTATION "A1. Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels, with a likely range of 0.8°C to 1.2°C. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate. (high confidence)" NOTE Present level of global warming is defined as the average of a 30-year period centered on 2017 assuming the recent rate of warming continues. SECOND QUOTATION "A1.1. Reflecting the long-term warming trend since pre-industrial times, observed global mean surface temperature (GMST) for the decade 2006–2015 was 0.87°C (likely between 0.75°C and 0.99°C)6 higher than the average over the 1850–1900 period (very high confidence). Estimated anthropogenic global warming matches the level of observed warming to within ±20% (likely range). Estimated anthropogenic global warming is currently increasing at 0.2°C (likely between 0.1°C and 0.3°C) per decade due to past and ongoing emissions (high confidence)." Summary of Statements THIRD QUOTATION "A1. Human activities are estimated to have caused approximately 1.0°C of global warming above pre-industrial levels, with a likely range of 0.8°C to 1.2°C. Global warming is likely to reach 1.5°C between 2030 and 2052 if it continues to increase at the current rate (high confidence)." My Comments and understanding of the above quoted extracts:- 1. 2017 CO2 emissions were the highest on record. 2018 CO2 emissions are predicted to be higher than 2017. 2. On the assumption that 2019 and 2020 CO2 emissions are the same as the final figure for 2018, the global warming as referred to in the first quotation will be 1.1 deg C, towards the upper end of the range quoted. 3. The warming trend for 2006-2015 (10 years) of 0.87 deg C, as referred to in the second quotation, will produce a warming trend for 2016-2020 of 0.43 deg C (5 years). 4. Add 1.1 deg C to 0.43 deg C produces 1.54 degrees C of global warming by 2020. 5. The global warming is likely to reach 1.5 deg C between 2030 and 2052, referred to in the third quotation. The first and second quotations are incompatible with the third quotations taken from the IPCC Report. Is it the IPCC Report or my comments and understanding that require correction? If the IPCC is wrong then this global dissemination of 'Fake News' would be a 'Crime against Humanity'. If I am wrong it is not important but at least I will have a better understanding of the future facing my children and grandchildren and so they too will be better informed and prepared for an uncertain future. « Last Edit: October 18, 2018, 12:19:45 AM by D-Penguin » Remember...it's all about the Jet Stream you dummy...just a personal reminder! This is a misunderstanding. 0.87 is the cumulative warming since pre-industrial, centered around 2010. 1.0 is the warming centered around 2017. 0.2 is the warming per decade, so supposedly we get to 1.5 by ~2040. Quote from: TerryM on October 17, 2018, 05:22:13 PM Regarding Indian energy scenario- Russian nuclear plants signed for 6 plants. 2 already commissioned. 2 - construction in progress. other planned sites face stiff local resistance for many years and is no starter. India is investing heavy in renewables- Wind, Solar and also in hydro electric projects but overall base plants are mostly coal and this will increase in coming years if more nuclear and hydro plants are not started. LNG may provide breather in long term as well. Many posters on the forum seem to think that if they identify some potential means to achieve the Paris goals that some international body will just implement it. However, it has been pointed out for decades that the most practical first step on this path would be to increase energy efficiency; however, the linked article makes it clear that such a global policy has not yet been implemented and indeed that in 2017 the world's progress w.r.t. energy efficiency has slowed almost to a halt. In other words: "The road to Hell is paved with good intentions". Title: "The huge, untapped potential of energy efficiency" https://www.axios.com/energy-efficiency-potential-international-energy-agency-9e1cba5b-2161-4ba1-848b-063dded6727a.html Extract: "A much larger investment in deployment of existing energy efficiency technologies and stronger policy measures would enable major progress toward meeting the goals of the Paris climate deal, the International Energy Agency said in a new report. Why it matters: Nothing of the sort is happening right now, and in fact progress in energy efficiency is slowing, IEA warned." Kate Marvel has written a fairytale about climate change: Title: "Slaying the Climate Dragon" https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/hot-planet/slaying-the-climate-dragon/ Extract: "A fairy tale whose ending, still unwritten, is by no means guaranteed to be happy" Title: "A Climate Scientist On 'Slaying The Climate Dragon'" https://www.npr.org/2018/10/20/659122551/a-climate-scientist-on-slaying-the-climate-dragon Extract: "Kate Marvel, a climate scientist at Columbia University and NASA, talks to NPR's Scott Simon about her fairy tale on climate change and reads passages from the story." However, it has been pointed out for decades that the most practical first step on this path would be to increase energy efficiency; however, the linked article makes it clear that such a global policy has not yet been implemented and indeed that in 2017 the world's progress w.r.t. energy efficiency has slowed almost to a halt. That is because energy "efficiency" is not and never was going to get us over the goal line. If we produce plentiful carbon neutral energy, then what the hell does it matter what we do with it? The only reason we keep on going into energy efficiency is because governments don't want to invest at the levels required to transition totally to carbon neutral energy. People see "energy efficiency" as taking away their choice and walking all over their civil liberties. Hence they vote for governments who give them more "choice". Choice to go to hell in their own way, certainly, but it is how the political system works. The actual way forward is to transition to carbon neutral electricity as fast as possible and then expand that generating capacity as fast as possible to meet the transition from other fossil fuel issues such as oil (gasoline and others) and heating (natural gas mainly). People may be wilfully ignorant on climate change but they are not totally stupid. They can see when governments are taking governmental problems and putting them on the people instead of providing solutions which allow the people to choose carbon neutral, before pricing carbon based technologies beyond the capability of most to afford it. The approach is fundamentally different. One works. The other is doomed to failure. Re: That is because energy "efficiency" is not and never was going to get us over the goal line. It's a wedge, a silver BB. I for one am glad that every water heater and furnace and AC i replace is with one that's a lot more efficient than the one it replaces. That was a government mandate, and i like it, it saves me money. I don't wanna buy a less efficient one. That's the way it's goin with cars too. We better use every approach we can find. While the rest of the planet couldn't care less, my home consumes 1/3 of what it used to on pure electric heating and the electricity I purchase is wind generated, so I'm (somewhat) happy. A follow up on Nordhaus and limits to growth by Chandran Nair: http://www.chinawatch.cn/a/201810/18/WS5bc839fea310c0c381690d54.html The recent awarding of the Nobel Prize in Economics to William Nordhaus was hailed by most mainstream outlets as a pro-climate action decision, but this shows how limited people’s appreciation of the threats arising from current models of growth truly are. The economic mainstream does not see perpetual growth as having any negatives in itself; the world economy can continue growing indefinitely, with tweaks on the margins to account for market failures and external costs. But climate scientists know the world does not work like that. Climate and the ecosystem are not linear, but instead are bounded by thresholds. Pass a certain point, and the whole structure collapses. Most mainstream economists do not seem to understand this, and more worryingly assume that their economic model, in which growth is always good, needs to be exported to the rest of the world. An Asia with six billion people in 2050 cannot and should not be embracing an economic growth model that is at war with the planet and its inhabitants. Edit; adding this one as well though it could go into many threads in here. It was also the only part of the meeting that I managed to watch live, by Jeremy Legget: God, Man, Tech and Climate: Hans Joachim Schellnhuber paints a picture for the Club of Rome https://jeremyleggett.net/2018/10/17/god-man-tech-and-climate-hans-joachim-schellnhuber-paints-a-picture-for-the-club-of-rome/ Picture1-13.png (308.27 kB, 699x368 - viewed 1041 times.) « Last Edit: October 22, 2018, 07:54:40 AM by Sleepy » More on Greta Thunberg. Over 10.000 people in Helsinki this Saturday. https://www.commondreams.org/news/2018/10/20/teen-climate-activist-crowd-thousands-we-cant-save-world-playing-rules-because-rules Over 10 000 people in Helsinki.mp4 (2229.06 kB - downloaded 1598 times.) I'm happy that my home consumes about 1/10th of the energy it used to consume, no longer burns paraffin as a fuel and uses a wood burning boiler with wood from sustainable forests grown for the task of producing heating fuel. This was my choice to insulate, replace windows with double glazing, to seal the house as far as possible from howling gales of sub Zero (C) temperatures in the winter. I would use the electricity from the nuclear power station, 30 miles down the road, but it is prohibitively expensive to try and heat a very large stone built, 1850's era, town house on electricity. Also my 16kw supply (the most they give to residential), was exceeded several times before I got the CH up and running again on wood. I have no issue with doing everything we can. I have a big issue with governments backsliding on investments they need to make by trying to make it our problem with reduction of consumption. Going EV, the preferred choice of the governments to meet Paris, will MASSIVLEY increase our Electricity demand. Something the governments are not provisioning for. In the UK our supply has been decreasing to meet decreased demand, leaving the supply just larger than demand. Just how, exactly, will they transition to EV? Tell us to drive less? What will they do for all that tax revenue lost? It is the same issue with smoking. They would love to be the government which crushes tobacco use, fame for a nanosecond, followed by a HUGE black hole in the budget. My issue is not with driving greater efficiency and reducing consumption. That will continue anyway as we transition to newer and far more efficient technology in our consumption led economic model. I am really concerned about where the responsibility lies for generating the capability to meet the Paris accord. So that we can consume in line with the accord. That is not and never will be, achieved by reduction in consumption alone. Neil, how much one can save depends on the starting point and the annual mean temp, if you start off with a passive house in Kiruna you won't be able to save anything, except for the number of gadgets/appliances. My numbers are without extra insulation or replacing windows. Building codes have been improved here for new houses (55W/m² in the southerns parts of Sweden) but it matters little, when people use more energy with other appliances. The average house here still consumes 25MWh per year, so despite improved insulation and warmer winters it's the same as ever... We are locked in at 1.5°C and in just 2-5 years we might be locked in at 2°C. Focus must be on getting emissions down, fast. Our corporations and governments have had thirty years now and accomplished nothing but growth. Growth in energy use is accelerating and resource use is projected to increase. https://twitter.com/IEA/status/1051575599020601344 https://www.iea.org/efficiency2018/ http://www.oecd.org/env/indicators-modelling-outlooks/raw-materials-use-to-double-by-2060-with-severe-environmental-consequences.htm Our present system started in the early 70's and one thing (maybe the only thing?) that might change it, is ordinary people and kids like Greta above. When enough people realize what must change, corporations and governments must change. Nothing will ever be accomplished by anything alone. Global inequalities in CO₂ emissions https://ourworldindata.org/co2-by-income-region When aggregated by region we see that North America, Oceania, Europe, and Latin America have disproportionately high emissions relative to their population. North America is home to only five percent of the world population but emits nearly 18 percent of CO2 (almost four times as much). Asia and Africa are underrepresented in emissions. Asia is home to 60 percent of the population but emits just 49 percent; Africa has 16 percent of the population but emits just 4 percent of CO2. This is reflected in per capita emissions; the average North American is more than 17 times higher than the average African. This inequality in global emissions lies at the heart of why international agreement on climate change has (and continues to be) so contentious. The richest countries of the world are home to half of the world population, and emit 86 percent of CO2 emissions. We want global incomes and living standards — especially of those in the poorest half — to rise. To do so whilst limiting climate change, it's clear that we must shrink the emissions of high-income lifestyles. Finding the compatible pathway for levelling this inequality is one of the greatest challenges of this century. Neil, how much one can save depends on the starting point and the annual mean temp, if you start off with a passive house in Kiruna you won't be able to save anything Agreed, but my point was not so much about people striving to make a saving individually. My point was about Governments giving everyone a choice to use co2 neutral power by providing that power in quantity and sufficient to all needs. This is not what governments are doing. They keep putting this on us even though it is their job to make it possible to reduce our CO2 consumption as a simple choice. Then they can punish us liberally for choosing not to. BTW, I know Kiruna. I can see what you are saying. On the other hand we have a different problem in the middle of France, how to keep the heat out in the summer. A much bigger problem than the cold out in the winter although that is also a concern. Re: keeping the heat out; had that problem this summer as well. Luckily my PV was able to cope, just. What will hit us next? Cold or heat? Both like last winter/spring? Snow in October? Probably on Saturday. I still have to be prepared for all of it. Not complaining, a lot of other people have a lot worse on this planet. Thank you for the correction of my incorrect interpretation. Notwithstanding the IPCC figures, I think that limiting AGW to 1.5 by 2030 - 2052, to avoid catastrophic consequences, is a very misleading statement. Of course, we can interpret the statistical data as we like to confirm or substantiate an argument. Personally I would prefer to apply a little ‘common sense’ to the statistics rather than rely on ‘statistical analyses’ as is the case with the IPCC Report. To me, the significant figures are the temperature anomalies of - 0.4 deg C in the 1900s and 0.9 deg C in 2017 representing a continuous upward and accelerated rate of increase in global temperatures combined with the anomaly of a 0.3 deg C rise for the period 2010 – 2015. Based on these figures the increase in global temperature would be 1.6 deg C by 2025. Bearing in mind that the average global temperature for the period 1880 – 1910 was 13.7 deg C this would result in an average global temperature of 15.3 deg C by 2025. The greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution are still contributing to present day AGW. 2018 is projected to record the highest level of greenhouse gas emissions. If greenhouse gas emissions ceased today I do not see how it would be possible to avoid the catastrophic effects of exceeding 1.5 deg C rise and beyond without removal and sequestration. Graph AGW.png (70.66 kB, 683x600 - viewed 721 times.) Quote from: Sleepy on October 23, 2018, 01:45:44 PM When aggregated by region we see that North America, Oceania, Europe, and Latin America have disproportionately high emissions relative to their population. Asia and Africa are underrepresented in emissions. Asia is home to 60 percent of the population but emits just 49 percent; Africa has 16 percent of the population but emits just 4 percent of CO2. T Meanwhile, India China and Indonesia, to name but a few, are increasing their use of coal substantially for a good few years yet. It looks like the probable new President of Brazil is going to open the Amazon to every rape and pillage entrepreneur. Most of the growth in CO2 emissions will not come from the rich countries - not even the USA. The rich countries might even reduce their CO2 emissions a little bit. (Trump can slow the changes that are happening but not stop them). Perhaps the UK will manage to increase CO2 emissions a bit due to the Government going hell for leather to develop Fracking (if Brexit does not wreck our economy). All the talk about keeping climate change down to +1.5 is, in my not very humble opinion, a sick joke. ps: I was watching a programme on the BBC yesterday and they brought up Easter Island as a demonstration of how all civilisations have built-in self-destruction - as all societies cannot stop themselves from exhausting the resources required to maintain that civilisation. Yes, 1.5°C is locked in since Paris and soon we will be locked in at 2°C. Also, 3°C was the optimum temperature according to Nordhaus in the early 70's. Still, this silly old fool will give it a couple of more years for some magic to happen, because I don't like the evolutionary solution. Stupid humans ought to be smarter than that. Let's be fair to Nordhaus and add his own words from 1975 and a quote from page 23: According to most sources the range of variation between climatic is in the order of ± 5°C, and at the present time the global climate is at the high end of this range. If there were global temperatures more than 2 or 3°C above the current average temperature, this would take the climte outside of the range of observations which have been made over the last several hundred thousand years. Within a stable climatic regime, the range of variation of ± 1°C is the normal variation: thus in the last 100 years a range of mean temperature has been 0.7°C. On the other hand, studies on the effects of carbon dioxide on global temperature indicate that a doubling in concentration would probably lead to an increase in surface temperature of between 0.6 and 2.4°C. Edit; adding the summary as well. To summarize, we have indicated what the efficient program for meeting certain carbon dioxide standards is in a long-term energy model. These indicate that for reasonable standards (limited to between a 50 percent and a 200 percent increase in the atmospheric concentration) the program appears feasible. Moreover, it is a program which requires no changes in the energy allocation for the first two 25 year periods, and only in the third period, centering on 2020, do modifications in the allocation take place. These modifications take the form of reducing the fossil fuel use in the non-electric sector, and replacing it with non-fossil fuels. Moreover, it appears that the efficient programs have rather high implicit shadow prices on carbon dioxide emissions but that the total effect on energy prices and the total cost of meeting the energy bundle of goods is relatively small. It appears that a rise in the final price level for energy goods of in the order of 10 percent is the range of estimates for the three programs investigated here. Subject to the limitations of the model used here, then, we can be relatively optimistic about the technical feasibility of control of atmospheric carbon dioxide. If the control program is instituted in an orderly and timely way, the world energy system can adopt to controls of the magnitude examined here without serious dislocations. It remains to be determined what a set of optimal controls would be, and how these controls could be implemented. Nordhaus_WP-75-063.pdf (1240.25 kB - downloaded 59 times.) « Last Edit: October 26, 2018, 12:27:52 PM by Sleepy » The linked article entitled 'Zero carbon energy system pathways for Ireland consistent with the Paris Agreement' describes some the unique aspects of Ireland's energy and GHG situation; and why it serves as a useful case study. https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14693062.2018.1464893 'The Paris Agreement is the last hope to keep global temperature rise below 2°C. The consensus agrees to holding the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to aim for 1.5°C. Each Party’s successive nationally determined contribution (NDC) will represent a progression beyond the party’s then current NDC, and reflect its highest possible ambition. Using Ireland as a test case, we show that increased mitigation ambition is required to meet the Paris Agreement goals in contrast to current EU policy goals of an 80–95% reduction by 2050. For the 1.5°C consistent carbon budgets, the technically feasible scenarios' abatement costs rise to greater than €8,100/tCO2 by 2050. The greatest economic impact is in the short term. Annual GDP growth rates in the period to 2020 reduce from 4% to 2.2% in the 1.5°C scenario. While aiming for net zero emissions beyond 2050, investment decisions in the next 5–10 years are critical to prevent carbon lock-in. Key policy insights Economic growth can be maintained in Ireland while rapidly decarbonizing the energy system. The social cost of carbon needs to be included as standard in valuation of infrastructure investment planning, both by government finance departments and private investors. Technological feasibility is not the limiting factor in achieving rapid deep decarbonization. Immediate increased decarbonization ambition over the next 3–5 years is critical to achieve the Paris Agreement goals, acknowledging the current 80–95% reduction target is not consistent with temperature goals of ‘well below’ 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C. Applying carbon budgets to the energy system results in non-linear CO2 emissions reductions over time, which contrast with current EU policy targets, and the implied optimal climate policy and mitigation investment strategy.' There is much posting about mitigation and the efficacy of various political policies and technical solutions to reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases (mitigation) and thereby limit global warming to a temperature of 1.5 deg C above pre-industrial level with the assertion that the global temperature will then stabilize at some point. The temperature anomaly is now 0.9 deg C above pre-industrial level and an additional 0.6 deg C is already 'locked in'; add to this the last four years of record levels of CO2 emissions, of which 2018 will be the highest recorded, feeding into the GHG effect. How would the IPCC answer the question, 'How will it be remotely possible to limit GW to 1.5 deg C by 2030?'; even the answer to that question would not address the reality of the situation. Yes, reduce carbon emissions to zero as soon as possible BUT THE REAL QUESTION IS WHAT HAPPENS NEXT? How do you stop temperatures continuing to rise? The greenhouse gases that cause AGW are still there and will remain in the atmosphere for hundreds of years and more! It will take some 40 years for the current emissions to play out if I recall correctly. Since we are already in the danger zone for natural feedbacks (Levermann is a nice picture), many scientists are now seriously talking about SRM, like Hansen recently and some like Kevin Lister are talking about getting back to 0.5°C. Read the pdf here: https://forum.arctic-sea-ice.net/index.php/topic,1021.msg162177.html#msg162177 Adding the interview from that one: Levermann.png (32.21 kB, 629x424 - viewed 3473 times.) not a scientist the 40 year lag thing was fleshed out by a modeling study.. 100 gigatonne release of co2, then no more additions Maximum warming occurs about one decade after a carbon dioxide emission http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/9/12/124002 0CCFD6E4-2679-457C-A53D-31AEE2D9071E.jpeg (77.98 kB, 1023x655 - viewed 135 times.) Thanks for adding the Caldeira study, sark. Couldn't remember who wrote about a ~10 year delay when I made my comment earlier. Using conjoined results of carbon-cycle and physical-climate model intercomparison projects (Taylor et al 2012, Joos et al 2013), we find the median time between an emission and maximum warming is 10.1 years, with a 90% probability range of 6.6–30.7 years. https://twitter.com/Peters_Glen/status/1056475408026222592 What does it take to stay below 1.5°C with no or limited temperature overshoot: * CO₂ emissions down 50% by 2030 (40-60% interquartile range) * Net-zero by 2050-2060 * Around 10GtCO₂ (net) negative emissions by 2100 Let that sink in... IAMC1.5_Peters.png (112.53 kB, 699x466 - viewed 615 times.) Quote from: sark on October 28, 2018, 06:38:24 AM I am of the opinion that the above is very misleading. There can be no stabilization of global temperatures without CO2 removal (CDR) from the atmosphere. The IPCC makes 'passing' reference to CDR. Targeting carbon dioxide removal in the European Union Oliver Geden ORCID Icon, Glen P. Peters ORCID Icon & Vivian Scott ORCID Icon Received 01 Jul 2018, Accepted 10 Oct 2018, Published online: 26 Oct 2018 In principle, many climate policymakers have accepted that large-scale carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is necessary to meet the Paris Agreement’s mitigation targets, but they have avoided proposing by whom CDR might be delivered. Given its role in international climate policy, the European Union (EU) might be expected to lead the way. But among EU climate policymakers so far there is little talk on CDR, let alone action. Here we assess how best to ‘target’ CDR to motivate EU policymakers exploring which CDR target strategy may work best to start dealing with CDR on a meaningful scale. The Reference section of the Article is comprehensive. The full Article is free of scientific 'jargon', the message is clear and can be read at the following link:- Mitigation is of importance but CDR is critical « Last Edit: October 28, 2018, 11:25:52 PM by D-Penguin » There have been extensive discussions and posts about NET's in here D-Penguin. But there will never be any stabilization as long as people on this planet keeps electing morons like Trump and Bolsonaro, science and math are blunt tools there. Today was budget day in the UK. As far as climate change it is "business as usual", i.e. - economic growth in the same way as before is the priority, - no new money for environment projects, - the abolition of credits for EV purchases will not be overturned, - the abolition of feed-in tariffs for solar energy produced by households purchases will not be overturned, - the stop to on-shore wind energy will not be overturned, - other environmental investments will continue to decline (by 56% last year), - planning rules for fracking will be "streamlined. Mind you, the leader of the opposition in his speech managed 2 1 minutes of criticism on government's environment policies, and even managed to link them to the IPCC Special Report. (The Government was very glad when it became yesterday's news). We don't even have a government. https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/29/swedish-social-democrat-leader-lofven-gives-up-attempt-to-form-government The stronger ones are in the Americas. https://twitter.com/octavio_ferraz/status/1055566020201594882 Bye Paris. Japan’s space agency yesterday launched the Ibuki 2 satellite, to help measure each country’s greenhouse gas emissions. Measurements from Ibuki 2 will track carbon dioxide, methane and carbon monoxide concentration changes over months, seasons and years, helping scientists identify patterns in variability. Compared to Ibuki’s capabilities, the new satellite introduces a new technique to measure carbon monoxide, and will be able to detect smaller quantities of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Ikubi 2 will be able to locate greenhouse gas sources geographically, identifying cities and industrial zones responsible for carbon pollution. Ibuki 2 will also have the ability to automatically identify clouds as it flies around the Earth, allowing the satellite to instantly focus its observations over cloud-free areas to avoid corrupted data — a first-of-its-kind capability for an environmental spacecraft, Abe said. According to Setouchi, Japan started the Ibuki project after the adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 to help countries reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. Japan is the fifth-leading carbon-emitting country in the world, according to Setouchi. Ibuki 2 will help global policymakers gauge how countries are implementing tenets of the 2015 Paris climate agreement, which aimed to limit the global average temperature well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement’s signatories agreed to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5 degrees Celsius in a bid to curb concerns about rising sea levels and other extreme weather caused by global warming. “The conclusion of the Paris Agreement obligates countries to report their greenhouse gas emissions,” Setouchi said. “Using observation data from the Ibuki 2 that launched today, I expect we can evaluate each country’s emissions and reductions. This will make the mandatory reports on greenhouse gas emissions in the Paris Agreement more transparent.” ... https://spaceflightnow.com/2018/10/29/japan-launches-satellite-to-study-human-causes-of-climate-change/ Quote from: gerontocrat on October 29, 2018, 08:04:57 PM Actually the UK is pretty much in line with Paris already, having, by most measures, already reduced CO2 emissions to the required level. In the UK there are two challenges now. 1. remove the last of the Coal power stations. This is in progress and we are delivering offshore wind and new Nuclear to do that. 2. replace the old and expiring Nuclear power stations with new Nuclear to keep a baseline power supply without requiring to dip into coal. Gas fired power will remain the fast acting contingency until enough CO2 neutral power is available. The UK also has the opportunity to use taxation to drive users from FFV to EV, driving down CO2 emissions even more. Over the water in mainland EU, it is a very different story. France is not too bad, Germany is struggling, the Nordics are well on the way to being carbon Neutral but then there are all those former East Bloc countries with ageing and creaking coal powered electricity systems. Nobody really wants to get into Russia for too much more gas because it gives Russia too much power over them. Seen in winter before. The countries who desperately need investment in clean energy simply don't have the money to spend. Whilst the UK does not need further stimulus to meet the Paris accord, the EU desperately needed the UK to mitigate all those other countries who can't get there. The UK was on a path to radically reduce more CO2 so that Germany, Italy and all the East Bloc countries could get a pass on the UK coat tails. That is no longer an issue and the UK only has to look after the UK promises. So we have more important things to do with our money. Not that we get any kudos for what we have already done.... Just more criticism. DrTskoul New nuclear.... Cheap!! Also UK will be going doing in CO2 soon (thanks to brexit) Cognitive bias Codex. Know your enemy... Quote from: NeilT on October 31, 2018, 12:00:47 AM the Nordics are well on the way to being carbon Neutral Not according to Swedish EPA. https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Sa-mar-miljon/Statistik-A-O/Vaxthusgaser-konsumtionsbaserade-utslapp-Sverige-och-andra-lander/ Picture including consumption based emissions attached below. Updated in depth analysis from 2017 (unfortunately in Swedish): https://www.naturvardsverket.se/Om-Naturvardsverket/Publikationer/ISBN/6700/978-91-620-6782-3/ In domestic emissions there are some slight drops but hopefully we'll get a much more positive updated analysis shortly for 2018, but after looking out the window I'm not overly positive about that. Edit; forgot to add the standard phrase, we use ~40% Nuclear, ~40% Hydro and ~10% Wind. 9621_sv.png (104.55 kB, 699x536 - viewed 927 times.) Trends of the EU’s territorial and consumption-based emissions from 1990 to 2016 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10584-018-2296-x Attaching Fig4. Fig. 4 Kaya identity decomposition of key factors affecting the annual changes in territorial emissions: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), energy intensity (Energy/GDP), and carbon intensity (CO2/Energy). The cross term represents a small interaction effect between the different terms. Data sources: European Environment Agency (2018), Peters et al. (2017), own calculations Fig4.png (139.6 kB, 699x524 - viewed 506 times.) The linked articles indicate that Bitcoin mining could become a major contributor to global warming within the next few decades: Title: "Study Fingers Bitcoin as Major Climate Change Culprit" https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/study-fingers-bitcoin-as-major-climate-change-culprit-65011 Extract: "Researchers predict that activity around the digital currency could single-handedly push warming above 2 °C within 30 years, but other experts say the conclusion is flawed." Extract: "Bitcoin is a power-hungry cryptocurrency that is increasingly used as an investment and payment system. Here we show that projected Bitcoin usage, should it follow the rate of adoption of other broadly adopted technologies, could alone produce enough CO2 emissions to push warming above 2 °C within less than three decades." 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__label__wiki	0.513969	0.513969	Children's BBC BBC One London, 14 August 1987 9.05 But first this ... something a little different - a sort of magazine between the Programmes with Tracy Brabin. Boss Cat: The Case of the Missing Anteater Unknown: Tracy Brabin. BBC One is a television service which began broadcasting on 20 April 1964. It replaced BBC Television. Feedback about Children's BBC, BBC One London, 9.05, 14 August 1987 Please leave this link here so we can find the programme you're referring to: http://genome.ch.bbc.co.uk/6e79946495e34d4785565b1b2b6f08bc	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16924
__label__cc	0.598859	0.401141	The LIGO and Virgo gravitational wave detectors are back on Coronavirus: EU health authority approves Moderna vaccine Its open season in scientists hunt for gravitational waves. A trio of detectors are back on the lookout for the ripples in spacetime. And the newly souped-up machines could make this the most productive search yet. The two detectors of the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, LIGO, located in Hanford, Wash., and Livingston, La., and the Virgo detector, located near Pisa, Italy, officially started taking data again April 1, researchers report. Shut down for upgrades since August 2017, the detectors now boast improvements to their lasers, mirrors and other components. And for the first time, the three detectors will use a quantum technique known as squeezing that will reduce unwanted jitter in the sensitive instruments (SN: 3/16/19, p. 12). Scientists are eagerly awaiting more detections of ripples produced when two black holes collide, or when two dense husks of stars called neutron stars slam together — the two types of gravitational wave events previously observed (SN: 1/19/19, p. 10). And new sources of cosmic shudders are also on the table, including the possibility of collisions of one black hole and one neutron star. The three machines will scrutinize the skies for about a year before shutting down for more renovations. In contrast to previous searches, in which new gravitational wave detections were kept hush-hush until scientists were ready to publicize them, new detections will be Read More – Source How much does it cost to live in Camden? In The Perfect Predator, viruses vanquish a deadly superbug Two of Georgetown’s accused basketball players to transfer iPhone X and Siri need to find and organize my photos faster – CNET European Commission publishes briefing on no-deal Brexit planning Paris prosecutors seek trial for Kim Kardashian jewellery theft suspects	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16926
__label__cc	0.647475	0.352525	Penguin Png Image Download PNG image - Penguin Png Image Penguin Png Image has a transparent background. This PNG has a resolution of 756x732. You can download the PNG for free in the best resolution and use it for design and other purposes. Penguin Png Image just click on Download and save. Penguins are a set of aquatic flightless birds. They stay almost solely in the southern hemisphere, with handiest one species, the galapagos penguin, found north of the equator. Highly adapted for life within the water, penguins have countershaded dark and white plumage and flippers for swimming. Maximum penguins feed on krill, fish, squid and different types of sea lifestyles which they trap at the same time as swimming underwater. They spend roughly 1/2 of their lives on land and the alternative half in the sea. Despite the fact that almost all penguin species are native to the southern hemisphere, they're not determined most effective in bloodless climates, consisting of antarctica. In truth, only some species of penguin live thus far south. Several species are observed in the temperate quarter, but one species, the galapagos penguin, lives near the equator. The biggest dwelling species is the emperor penguin (aptenodytes forsteri):on average, adults are about 1. 1 m (three toes 7 in) tall and weigh 35 kg (77 lb). The smallest penguin species is the little blue penguin (eudyptula minor), also known as the fairy penguin, which stands round 33 cm (13 in) tall and weighs 1 kg (2. 2 lb). Amongst extant penguins, larger penguins inhabit less warm regions, whilst smaller penguins are normally determined in temperate or maybe tropical climates. Some prehistoric species attained vast sizes, becoming as tall or as heavy as an adult human. These have been not restrained to antarctic regions; on the opposite, subantarctic areas harboured excessive diversity, and as a minimum one large penguin came about in a region round 2,000 km south of the equator 35 mya, in a climate decidedly warmer than nowadays. Image Name: Penguin Png Image Image category: Penguin \| Download Penguin Zip Parent category: Animals #e4ddd4 #a09b96 fairy penguin fofo king penguin instacatlovers lovekittens cubiro catlovers giant tortoise	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16948
__label__cc	0.624432	0.375568	2017 Exploration program update on goldstrike’s yukon plateau property October 4, 2017 – Goldstrike Resources Ltd. (GSR.V) is pleased to announce that it has successfully completed the 2017 Plateau property exploration program in conjunction with its strategic partner, the Canadian subsidiary of Newmont Mining Corporation (NYSE: NEM) (see News Release, March 6th, 2017). The 2017 program is the most extensive exploration campaign carried out to-date on the Plateau property. The 2017 program met its goals, highlights include: DRILLING – 2972 meters of diamond drilling was completed in 23 three holes at the Goldstack, Bonanza, Big Bang and Goldbar priority target areas (Figure. 1). Final assay results are pending. STAKING – Recent staking of an additional 434 claims brings the total size of the property to 3167 claims over 662 square kilometers. This staking, in addition to the previously announced property expansion, (see News Release, May 15th 2017) represents a 57% increase in the Plateau Property land position and extends the “Yellow Giant Gold Trend” from 50 km to 70 km in length. AIRBORNE GEOPHYSICS – A 1617 square kilometer, high-resolution airborne survey has been completed covering the entire property using a proprietary system belonging to Newmont. An additional 864 square kilometers of SkyTEMTM airborne data was also successfully acquired over the property. REMOTE SENSING – Airborne LiDAR, high-resolution satellite imagery and Radarsat-2 data was acquired over the entire property. Structural analysis of this data is pending. GROUND GEOPHYSICS – Ground geophysical surveys including 9.5 line kilometers of IP, 14.5 line kilometers of gravity and 14.5 line kilometers of ground EM was completed. GEOCHEMISTRY – 4300 conventional soil samples were collected on newly staked ridges and spurs as well as on focused grids at Gold Rush, Bonanza, Bullion, Big Bang, and Goldstack. In addition, DSG (Deep Sensing Geochemistry) and BLEG (Bulk Leach Extractable Gold) samples were collected for analysis using Newmont’s proprietary processes. Final assay results for the soil and DSG samples are pending. PROSPECTING – Collection of 421 grab sample and 138 channel samples was completed. Final assay results for these samples are pending. MAPPING – District-scale and detailed structural mapping and analysis by Newmont’s consulting geologist and Goldstrike geologists was completed. In addition to the exploration work, a second multiyear camp located 17 km west of the existing camp was added to accommodate district scale exploration programs. Existing docks and infrastructure were also upgraded. The second camp provides for efficient access for exploration along the full length of the 70 km long gold mineralized system. Based on exploration results in 2017, drill equipment was left onsite in anticipation of a more extensive exploration and drill program in 2018. With this in mind the Company is applying to expand its advanced exploration permit to include the new claims staked to cover the extension of this new, 70 km long, district- scale gold mineralized system that will accommodate the 2018 exploration and drilling program. The technical teams of both Goldstrike and Newmont will be compiling results in collaboration with contractors. After assay results are received, compiled and interpreted a steady stream of news is anticipated over the coming months. Message from the President and CEO: “This is an exciting time for Goldstrike and its new partner, world class miner Newmont. The Yukon has certainly received a very strong vote of approval from multiple senior gold producers recently. The Plateau project has been expanded from a subtle silt anomaly to confirmation and discovery of a new district-scale gold mineralized system. Partnering with Newmont has provided the experience required to successfully explore this extensive gold mineralized system and access to their proprietary mine-finding technologies. This is a great time for Goldstrike. We look forward to reporting results in the near future and unlocking the full potential of this gold mineralized system long into the future. Working together with Newmont, First Nations, the Yukon government and all other Yukon stakeholders we will succeed.” Stefan Kruse, P. Geo., Chief Geologist, is a qualified person as defined by National Instrument 43-101, for Goldstrike’s Yukon exploration projects, and supervised the preparation of, and has reviewed and approved, the technical information in this release. Terrence E. King For the new Plateau Property map, please visit Goldstrike’s website at www.GoldstrikeResources.com under “Gold Projects – What’s New”. For further information follow the Goldstrike’s tweets at Twitter.com/GoldstrikeRes or contact Jeff Stuart of King James Capital Corporation, handling Investor Relations for the Goldstrike, by telephone at (604) 210-2150 or by email at jstuart@kingjamescapital.com. Statements contained in this news release that are not historical facts are “forward-looking information” or “forward-looking statements” (collectively, “Forward-Looking Information”) within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities legislation and the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-Looking Information includes, but is not limited to, disclosure regarding possible events, conditions or financial performance that is based on assumptions about future economic conditions and courses of action; expectations regarding future exploration and drilling programs and receipt of related permitting; and the plans for completion of the contemplated transactions with Newmont as set out above. In certain cases, Forward-Looking Information can be identified by the use of words and phrases such as “anticipates”, “expects”, “understanding”, “has agreed to” or variations of such words and phrases or statements that certain actions, events or results “would”, “occur” or “be achieved”. Although Goldstrike has attempted to identify important factors that could affect Goldstrike and may cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in Forward-Looking Information, there may be other factors that cause actions, events or results not to be as anticipated, estimated or intended. In making the forward-looking statements in this news release, if any, Goldstrike has applied several material assumptions, including the assumption that general business and economic conditions will not change in a materially adverse manner. There can be no assurance that Forward-Looking Information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on Forward-Looking Information. Except as required by law, Goldstrike does not assume any obligation to release publicly any revisions to Forward- Looking Information contained in this news release to reflect events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16951
__label__wiki	0.915751	0.915751	A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier: Tee times, scores, TV info, viewer's guide Rob Carr/Getty Images By Bill Speros September 10, 2019 7:44 pm By Bill Speros \| September 10, 2019 7:44 pm Happy Pro Golf New Year. The PGA Tour offseason ends early Thursday morning in West Virginia as play returns with A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier. The event was shifted in the Tour’s schedule shake-up. It was last played in July 2018. Defending champion Kevin Na is back in the field to defend his title. The Tour opens its season with A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier for the first time. The timing is fitting given that the 18th anniversary of the 9-11 attacks falls on Wednesday. SCORES: A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier The Greenbrier stop will be the first of 11 2019-20 PGA Tour season events on the fall schedule. Among the other pre-2020 stops this season: the Houston Open after a season break, the Zozo Championship (and Tiger Woods if healthy) in Japan and the Bermuda Championship, if the facilities are available in the wake of Hurricane Dorian. This week’s event will take place on the historic Old White Course in White Sulphur Springs. The venerable par-70 track will play at 7,292 yards. A field of 156 golfers will vie for a $7.5 million purse, with $1.35 million and 500 FedExCup points going to the winner. This events also marks the debut of a new PGA Tour rule that reduces the number of players making the cut from low 70 and ties to low 65 and ties. Here are the Round 1 and 2 tee times for this week’s A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier. A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier – Tee Times All times are Eastern. 1st Tee – Thursday Tee Time Players 7:15 a.m. Sangmoon Bae, Morgan Hoffmann, Joaquin Niemann 7:25 a.m. Harris English, Johnson Wagner, Daniel Summerhays 7:35 a.m. Matt Every, Nick Watney, Tom Hoge 7:45 a.m. Andrew Landry, Ryan Armour, D.A. Points 7:55 a.m. Sung Kang, Adam Long, Ted Potter, Jr 8:05 a.m. Martin Trainer, Patton Kizzire, Kevin Chappell 8:15 a.m. Ben Crane, Bud Cauley, Shawn Stefani 8:25 a.m. Bill Haas, John Senden, David Hearn 8:35 a.m. J.J. Henry, Scott Brown, D.J. Trahan 8:45 a.m. Scott Harrington, Chris Baker, Joseph Bramlett 8:55 a.m. Michael Gligic, Vince Covello, Andrew Novak 9:05 a.m. Cameron Davis, Nelson Ledesma, Davey Jude 9:15 a.m. Beau Hossler, Seamus Power, Joe Boros 12:15 p.m. Arjun Atwal, Ryan Blaum, Kyoung-Hoon Lee 12:25 p.m. Robert Streb, John Huh, Brendon de Jonge 12:35 p.m. Rod Pampling, Brian Stuard, Roger Sloan 12:45 p.m. Marc Leishman, Branden Grace, Sungjae Im 12:55 p.m. Kevin Na, Bubba Watson, Scott Stallings 1:05 p.m. Danny Lee, Kevin Streelman, Jason Kokrak 1:15 p.m. Boo Weekley, J.J. Spaun, Talor Gooch 1:25 p.m. Martin Laird, Jamie Lovemark, Sebastián Muñoz 1:35 p.m. John Rollins, Whee Kim, Cameron Percy 1:45 p.m. Scottie Scheffler, Maverick McNealy, Viktor Hovland 1:55 p.m. Henrik Norlander, Mark Anderson, Doug Ghim 2:05 p.m. Kramer Hickok, Rob Oppenheim, Vincent Whaley 2:15 p.m. Xinjun Zhang, Sebastian Cappelen, Conrad Shindler 10th Tee – Thursday 7:15 a.m. Alex Cejka, Jonathan Byrd, Anirban Lahiri 7:25 a.m. Russell Henley, Nick Taylor, John Daly 7:35 a.m. Peter Malnati, George McNeill, Harold Varner III 7:45 a.m. Jason Dufner, Jimmy Walker, Zach Johnson 7:55 a.m. Bryson DeChambeau, Keegan Bradley, Scott Piercy 8:05 a.m. J.B. Holmes, Austin Cook, Russell Knox 8:15 a.m. Brian Harman, David Lingmerth, Matt Jones 8:25 a.m. Brendon Todd, Richy Werenski, Sam Burns 8:35 a.m. Robert Garrigus, Roberto Castro, Denny McCarthy 8:45 a.m. Kristoffer Ventura, Tyler McCumber, Robby Shelton 8:55 a.m. Hank Lebioda, Bo Hoag, Kyle Westmoreland 9:05 a.m. Wes Roach, Rafael Campos, Shintaro Ban 9:15 a.m. Ryan Brehm, Harry Higgs, Steve Allan 12:15 p.m. Freddie Jacobson, Sam Ryder, Mark Hubbard 12:25 p.m. Billy Hurley III, Brandon Hagy, Sepp Straka 12:35 p.m. Cameron Tringale, Joel Dahmen, Doc Redman 12:45 p.m. Nate Lashley, Brice Garnett, Brendan Steele 12:55 p.m. Jim Herman, Michael Kim, Grayson Murray 1:05 p.m. Fabián Gómez, Patrick Rodgers, Josh Teater 1:15 p.m. Mackenzie Hughes, Byeong Hun An, Tim Wilkinson 1:25 p.m. Cameron Smith, Carlos Ortiz, Adam Schenk 1:35 p.m. Peter Uihlein, Matthew NeSmith, Zac Blair 1:45 p.m. Bronson Burgoon, Tyler Duncan, Lanto Griffin 1:55 p.m. Tom Lewis, Ben Taylor, Hayden Springer -a 2:05 p.m. Zack Sucher, Rhein Gibson, Chase Seiffert 2:15 p.m. Dominic Bozzelli, Michael Gellerman, Mason Williams -a 1st Tee – Friday 7:15 a.m. Freddie Jacobson, Sam Ryder, Mark Hubbard 7:25 a.m. Billy Hurley III, Brandon Hagy, Sepp Straka 7:35 a.m. Cameron Tringale, Joel Dahmen, Doc Redman 7:45 a.m. Nate Lashley, Brice Garnett, Brendan Steele 7:55 a.m. Jim Herman, Michael Kim, Grayson Murray 8:05 a.m. Fabián Gómez, Patrick Rodgers, Josh Teater 8:15 a.m. Mackenzie Hughes, Byeong Hun An, Tim Wilkinson 8:25 a.m. Cameron Smith, Carlos Ortiz, Adam Schenk 8:35 a.m. Peter Uihlein, Matthew NeSmith, Zac Blair 8:45 a.m. Bronson Burgoon, Tyler Duncan, Lanto Griffin 8:55 a.m. Tom Lewis, Ben Taylor, Hayden Springer -a 9:05 a.m. Zack Sucher, Rhein Gibson, Chase Seiffert 9:15 a.m. Dominic Bozzelli, Michael Gellerman, Mason Williams -a 12:15 p.m. Alex Cejka, Jonathan Byrd, Anirban Lahiri 12:25 p.m. Russell Henley, Nick Taylor, John Daly 12:35 p.m. Peter Malnati, George McNeill, Harold Varner III 12:45 p.m. Jason Dufner, Jimmy Walker, Zach Johnson 12:55 p.m. Bryson DeChambeau, Keegan Bradley, Scott Piercy 1:05 p.m. J.B. Holmes, Austin Cook, Russell Knox 1:15 p.m. Brian Harman, David Lingmerth, Matt Jones 1:25 p.m. Brendon Todd, Richy Werenski, Sam Burns 1:35 p.m. Robert Garrigus, Roberto Castro, Denny McCarthy 1:45 p.m. Kristoffer Ventura, Tyler McCumber, Robby Shelton 1:55 p.m. Hank Lebioda, Bo Hoag, Kyle Westmoreland 2:05 p.m. Wes Roach, Rafael Campos, Shintaro Ban 2:15 p.m. Ryan Brehm, Harry Higgs, Steve Allan 10th Tee – Friday 7:15 a.m. Arjun Atwal, Ryan Blaum, Kyoung-Hoon Lee 7:25 a.m. Robert Streb, John Huh, Brendon de Jonge 7:35 a.m. Rod Pampling, Brian Stuard, Roger Sloan 7:45 a.m. Marc Leishman, Branden Grace, Sungjae Im 7:55 a.m. Kevin Na, Bubba Watson, Scott Stallings 8:05 a.m. Danny Lee, Kevin Streelman, Jason Kokrak 8:15 a.m. Boo Weekley, J.J. Spaun, Talor Gooch 8:25 a.m. Martin Laird, Jamie Lovemark, Sebastián Muñoz 8:35 a.m. John Rollins, Whee Kim, Cameron Percy 8:45 a.m. Scottie Scheffler, Maverick McNealy, Viktor Hovland 8:55 a.m. Henrik Norlander, Mark Anderson, Doug Ghim 9:05 a.m. Kramer Hickok, Rob Oppenheim, Vincent Whaley 9:15 a.m. Xinjun Zhang, Sebastian Cappelen, Conrad Shindler 12:15 p.m. Sangmoon Bae, Morgan Hoffmann, Joaquin Niemann 12:25 p.m. Harris English, Johnson Wagner, Daniel Summerhays 12:35 p.m. Matt Every, Nick Watney, Tom Hoge 12:45 p.m. Andrew Landry, Ryan Armour, D.A. Points 12:55 p.m. Sung Kang, Adam Long, Ted Potter, Jr 1:05 p.m. Martin Trainer, Patton Kizzire, Kevin Chappell 1:15 p.m. Ben Crane, Bud Cauley, Shawn Stefani 1:25 p.m. Bill Haas, John Senden, David Hearn 1:35 p.m. J.J. Henry, Scott Brown, D.J. Trahan 1:55 p.m. Scott Harrington, Chris Baker, Joseph Bramlett 2:05 p.m. Michael Gligic, Vince Covello, Andrew Novak 2:15 p.m. Beau Hossler, Seamus Power, Joe Boros A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier – TV, Online Info Golf Channel: 3:30 – 6:30 p.m. PGA Tour Live: 7 a.m. – 6:30 p.m. PGA Tour Radio: 12 – 6:30 p.m. (XM 92/Sirius 208) Golf Channel: 1 – 2:45 p.m. CBS: 3 – 6 p.m. PGA Tour Radio: 1 – 6 p.m. (XM 92/Sirius 208) A Military Tribute at The Greenbrier, Golf, PGA Tour, tee t, Tee Time, Tee times, PGA Tour	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16952
__label__cc	0.612268	0.387732	← Our Client, and Author Peter N. Bernfeld Our Client, and Author Charity Barger → Our Client, Author A. J. Dormaar (See Free book promotions for a limited time!) ABOUT A. J. DORMAAR A J Dormaar, was born in Christchurch, New Zealand in 1967 and lives in Pegasus, a new township north of Christchurch. She has dabbled in writing since the age of 12 and holds a BA in English and History from the University of Canterbury. Although she has considered teaching as a career and has worked (not happily) in mainly administrative type roles in the past, she has always considered writing to be her first love and true calling. Alison is an avid reader across all genres and believes familiarity with many good authors is the success behind the art of good writing. Thanks to Toastmasters International, she is also an accomplished public speaker and is an amateur historian, with a firm belief in past lives. A J Dormaar is also our walking dictionary and is a wonderful storyteller. Her work offers a diverse range of genres to her repertoire in both non-fiction, Y/A and Adult Fiction material. A J is well informed on modern history, military, and political history and is well read on all of these subjects. We are proud to count her as one of our own. A J Dormaar is currently working on several projects and is a masterful satirist and humorist; qualities which are clearly reflected in her appealing style of writing and approach to creating some of the most enjoyable and uplifting works for fans of all ages. “THE UNCROWNED QUEEN” – The Series Book Description: Y/A Fiction Fantasy Publisher: Solstice Horizons Publishing – http://www.solsticepublishing.com “You must prepare to be a ruling queen – in more ways than one.” A timely warning of fate, given by a wizard of legend…it is a warning Auryn has no choice but to heed. But this time the ominous shadows lurk far closer to home than Auryn has ever believed possible, culminating once more in a forced return to Aridayn where her age-old nemesis plots and waits. Once a fearful fugitive, now Auryn returns as the harbinger of revolution …and, faced with greater and more complex obstacles than ever before, she must realize that in order to survive, strength is secondary to stealth and skill… Overview – “The Uncrowned Queen” Almost three years have passed since Auryn, Garth and his father, Gaheris, escaped from the ancient, magical world of Aridayn, but the long dark shadow of destiny continues to haunt them well beyond the Gateway. Forced to come to grips with her evolving power and the formidable responsibilities it brings, the reluctant Auryn is well aware that one day she must return to that mystic world. But she soon discovers that the insidious reach of Sardon, her age-old nemesis, extends well beyond Aridayn and now directly threatens all she holds dear. His sinister shapeshifting agents have penetrated the Gateway and now prowl the lands of men, wreaking havoc…to read more about this amazing and enthralling epic – purchase a copy. “THE UNCLAIMED THRONE” – The Series Book Description: Y/A Fiction Fantasy Series Publication Date: February 24, 2014 – Kindle Edition (Paperback to follow) By Solstice Horizons Publishing – http://www.solstice publishing.com “Believe me; you are going to find out just how strong you truly are.” Words of warning…words that come horribly true for a lonely, misunderstood young woman in a way that no-one could have ever believed possible. Plunged from a sheltered life of privilege into a nightmarish magic world, hunted and pursued by a terrifying foe whose very name is a byword for evil, she must find the strength and the knowledge to save not just herself but countless others…and the courage to face her past as well as her future. Overview: “The Unclaimed Throne” “Be careful what you wish for. You may just get it.” For Auryn, a brilliant and unusually gifted young woman born into the ignorant and troubled world of the Dark Ages, these words have a particular meaning. Although she is born a princess into a sheltered life of privilege and wealth, Auryn is unhappily aware that she is an unwanted youngest daughter, especially when her parents had so desperately craved a son and heir. Regarded as strange and plain by most people, her social awkwardness, reclusive ways, and superior intellect are gravely misunderstood by her peers, who only see in her royal marriage potential. Finally, Auryn is forced into a hateful and loveless betrothal by her scheming father to his ambitious but cruel and uncouth neighbor, King Horan. Appalled by her fate, Auryn’s desperate desire for escape and self-discovery comes true in a way she had never thought possible…to read more about this amazing and enthralling epic – purchase a copy.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16957
__label__wiki	0.671566	0.671566	Last edited by Kigasho 2 edition of Two love songs for voice and piano. found in the catalog. [Words by Rainer Maria] Rilke. [English translation by Jessie Lemont.] Published 1960 by Amberson Enterprises; sole selling agent: G. Schirmer, New York in [N.p.] . Rilke, Rainer Maria, -- 1875-1926 -- Musical settings, Songs (High voice) with piano Other titles Love songs LC Classifications M1621 B49 L6 Pagination 9p. COVID Resources. Reliable information about the coronavirus (COVID) is available from the World Health Organization (current situation, international travel).Numerous and frequently-updated resource results are available from this ’s WebJunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Medium high voice solo and piano accompaniment (High/Medium High) - Difficulty: medium For Concerts, Contests, Recitals and ed by Mark Hayes. This edition: Book & Accompaniment CD. 50+ videos Play all Mix - Sara Bareilles - Love Song, voice/piano cover # 2 YouTube 5 AMAZING Street Performers singing stunning covers and great original music - Duration: Street Song. $ / Songbook for voice, piano and guitar chords. pages. Published by Hal Leonard. All All Free sheet music Sheet music books Digital sheet music Musical equipment. Genre/Form: Musical settings: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Clarke, Rebecca, Two songs for voice and piano. Boca Raton, Fla.: Masters Music. This is a complete list of compositions by Claude Debussy initially categorized by genre, and sorted within each genre by "CD" [citation needed] number according to the revised catalogue by musicologist François Lesure, which is generally in chronological order of composition date. "L" numbers are also given from Lesure's original catalogue. Oxford World Atlas The Chancellor Manuscript General English for technical students Not the marrying kind Brushwork of the Far East INDUSTRIAL EFFICIENCY IN SIX NATIONS American Bar Association proposal for a National Institute of Justice St. Paul Lutheran Church records Alphabet mystery Quantum theology scholar-friends Queens of Tristaine Mystery ride Californians of Spanish surname Two love songs for voice and piano by Leonard Bernstein Download PDF EPUB FB2 Two Love Songs for a high voice with piano accompaniment 1. Dreams dimly lying - Pallidi sogni ONLY (second song not present) [Roxas, Emilio A., Poems by C. Deni. English versions by T. Baker] on FREE shipping on qualifying offers. Two Love Songs for a high voice with piano accompaniment 1. Dreams dimly lying - Pallidi sogni ONLY (second song not present)Author: Poems by C. Deni. English versions by T. Baker Roxas, Emilio A. 57 of the Most Popular Love Songs of All Time. Arranged by Dan Fox. Piano Book. This comprehensive collection of love songs includes selections by the finest composers and songwriters from the worlds of movies, pop, Broadway and jazz. The titles also span more than 80 years with hits from the s all the way through This collection includesCategory: Piano Collection. Alfred's Easy Piano Songs -- Rock & Pop: 50 Hits from Across the Decades by Alfred Music Paperback $ Only 20 left in stock (more on the way). Ships from and sold by (30). All of these songs are arranged for Piano, Voice and Guitar, with full lyrics and Guitar chord symbols and boxes as well. This means Love Songs From The Movies is the best song book from which to learn your favourite Hollywood love of the greatest romantic films of all time also featured great theme tunes, such as Some Like It Hot, Indecent Proposal, The Bridges of Madison County. Folk Songs for Solo Singers, Vol 1: 11 Folk Songs Arranged for Solo Voice and Piano For Recitals, Concerts, and Contests (Medium High Voice) Jay Althouse. Printable Sheet music for voice piano. Download piano notes for popular songs in PDF. Biggest free online database. The Hal Leanard Corp delivered the purchase the very next day. This book has almost page of awesome broadway show tunes with piano scores showing the vocals (for easy playing) and the full score for medium difficulty - also the guitar chords with each song. Read more. Helpful/5(74). Two Love Songs on Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke for Voice and Piano () Silhouette (Galilee), for Voice and Piano () On the Waterfront, for Voice and Piano () Get Hep!, Marching Song written for the Tercentary of Michigan State College for Voice and Piano (). Best Sellers in Piano Songbooks #1. Adult All-In-One Course: Lesson-Theory-Technic: Level 1 Big Book of Beginner's Piano Classics: 83 Favorite Pieces in Easy Piano Arrangements (Book & Downloadable MP3) (Dover Music for Piano) The Easiest Easy Piano Songs Hal Leonard Corp. out of 5 stars Paperback. An outstanding collection of 32 great songs from World War II. These are the songs that kept up the spirits of civilians and Forces during the dark days and helped them celebrate the good times. There is a broad selection of happy and sad songs, including I'll Be Seeing You, We'll Meet Again, White Cliffs Of Dover and many more. This wonderful music is supported by ninety-six pages of. Two Songs for Voice, Viola and Piano, Op. 91, were composed by Johannes Brahms for his friends Joseph Joachim and his wife Amalie. The full title is Zwei Gesänge für eine Altstimme mit Bratsche und Klavier (Two songs for an alto voice with viola and piano). Selection #6 from my masters conducting recital. Texts from the Songs of Solomon and William Shakespeare. Sing with Chimes, etc. Songs for group singing and playing. Book 1. Twelve Nursery Rhymes and traditional Songs. [Voice, piano, or dulcimer and chime. and percussion.] [Scores and percussion part.] by Rees, Olive and a great selection of related books. The Second Book of Songes (Dowland, John) This page is only for complete editions and multiple selections from the collection here. For arrangements, new editions, etc. see (or create) separate pages for individual works linked in the General Information section below. Features love songs transcribed for the piano. Features love songs transcribed for the piano. Skip navigation. That will depend on your own musical preferences, but if you'd like to learn your top favorites, then check out The Giant Book of Pop & Rock Sheet Music Easy Piano Book from Alfred. Jam-packed with songs, this book contains simple-to-understand sheet music arrangements from Adele, Josh Groban, Michael Jackson, Alicia Keys and many others. Genre/Form: Songs Scores Musical settings: Additional Physical Format: Online version: Bernstein, Leonard, Two love songs. New York: G. Schirmer, © Piano, vocal Sheet Music, Songbooks, and Music Books at Sheet Music Plus. You need to find songs that have piano music you can play and ensure the songs are within your range and that both piano music and voice is something you’ll be comfortable with. Then off you go. I like songs from the ’s, folk songs and also classical music, and I’d love to be able to play something by Gilbert & Sullivan or Tom Lehrer (humour is always good). Songs include: Alexander's Ragtime Band * Auld Lang Syne * Beer Barrel Polka (Roll Out the Barrel) * Bill Bailey, Won't You Please Come Home * The Brady Bunch * Easter Parade * Edelweiss * Feelings * Give My Regards to Broadway * I Left My Heart in San Francisco * If You Knew Susie (Like I Know Susie) * It's a Small World * Love Me Tender * Sixteen Tons * Take Me Home, Country Roads *. Greg Gilpin: Why We Sing - 10 Inspirational Songs for Solo Voice. Greg Gilpin has compiled a book containing inspirational vocal solos that will touch the heart of both the singer and listener. Songlist: All Things Bright and Beautiful, The Face Of Love, Why We Sing, Power of One, Rock Me To Sleep, Think On Me, Through The Eyes of a Child, In Many Wonderful Ways, I Hear Liberty Singing, Maybe.original version as Sonata for Two Pianos (Mvts 2 & 3 are Anh. 2a/2) (discarded), 2nd version as Symphony in D minor in 4 mvts (4th mvt never written) –55 (Mvts 2 & 3 are Anh. 2a/2) (discarded), final version (Piano Concerto) in 3 mvts (only 1st mvt from .Piano Songbooks and Sheet Music Guitar, Bass and Folk Instruments Educational Piano Vocal Choral and Classroom Church Music Band, Jazz and Orchestra Solo Instrumental Drums and Percussion Classical Trade and Reference Books Software and Music Technology Instruments and Accessories Featured Series Play-Along Series. angelstouch16.com - Two love songs for voice and piano. book © 2020	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16959
__label__wiki	0.559907	0.559907	New York State English Select New York State \| English MICHELIN Guide New York State Features 2 minutes 23 January 2020 Chef Gabriel Kreuther explains how he uses alcohol—especially wine—in cooking. One of the best ways to elevate a simple dish into something truly special is to introduce some alcohol when cooking. It may be used as an ingredient or primarily for the visual display (think: pouring rum over the sautéing bananas to elicit a flame when making bananas Foster). For example, wine is often used because of its acidic properties, fruity accent and bitter tannins. There are countless ways to use alcohol, from bright marinades and sauces to hearty stews and chili, or from savory braised meats like beef Bourguignon to light and flavorful seafood dishes like steamed mussels. You'll frequently see alcohol used in desserts as well, such as in classics like crêpes Suzette. When cooking with alcohol, there are a few key things to keep in mind. We spoke with chef Gabriel Kreuther behind his eponymous two-MICHELIN-starred restaurant about how he uses alcohol—especially wine—in cooking. Know Your Goal Consider whether the alcohol is being added to provide flavor or texture, or if it's more for visual appeal. Think about how you want the finished product to taste, look and feel. "Usually you bring it to a boil and move the pot a little and burn the alcohol off," Kreuther explains. "What you're interested in when you're using wine is really the liquid. When you flame the alcohol out, you really enhance the body of the wine." That wine reduction you end up with is what is truly adding to the dish. "You want to use a deep red, something that has a backbone. A lighter red with no body won't add much. With white wine, what you're looking for is the flavor, the aromatics, so that when you get the reduction you know there's something in it. In a cream sauce, wine is a way of getting a little acid in to add a sense of lightness and make the food more flavorful." Alcohols with a higher proof and stronger flavor can also add a lot. "When you make something like foie gras," he explains, "you use alcohol for the terrine and then you go into cognacs, white Port and usually a little sweet wine like a Sauternes to provide a really interesting taste, flavor and succulence. Then spices come in. You play with the harmony of the alcohol and the spices. It elevates the dish." While he says that technically any type of alcohol may be used, you want to be mindful of what you're ultimately going for and consider what the alcohol will add. "I think any alcohol can be used except you don't want to use the alcohols that are above 90 proof. You don't want to destroy the dish. You want to enhance and bring something to it and highlight it. Get it to a different dimension." Go for Quality, but It Doesn't Have to Be Top-Shelf "Exceptional products should be respected," Kreuther says. "Go with the generic wines produced to cook with—not one that gives you a headache, but something decent. The exquisite wine is better in your glass." Take source location into consideration as well. "When you're cooking in a specific region, you're using the wines of that region's terroir to highlight the food and give more substance and flavor to the food. It really gives a different character. You're creating so many layers. It can be as exciting as using spices. It's a very good complement when you use spices sparingly and you really know how to use alcohol or wines to add flavor. You're getting something that's completely different." "In a big city," he adds, "it's different because you're in a cosmopolitan place, but in a place like California or the wine regions of France, you want to use what's around you and highlight the products of that region. That's the heart of terroir cooking." Be Aware of Burn-Off Rates How much alcohol burns off depends on the type of alcohol, the proof, the amount used and the cooking method and cooking time. In order for alcohol to evaporate, it must be exposed to air, and heat speeds up that process. While some alcohol is cooked off during cooking, the finished dish will typically still have some alcohol present, so you definitely need to take this into account. Alcohol simmered or baked in a dish for 15 minutes retains about 40 percent of its alcohol content. That amount goes down to 25 percent after an hour. You would need to cook a dish for about 2 hours 30 minutes to get to around only 5% remaining. Practice Safety "When you cook with alcohol, you have to know that there is a flame that happens," Kreuther says. "Make sure the environment is safe." Avoid cooking with alcohol near curtains or other flammable materials. It's also important to be calm when handling the flame. And in case all else fails, have a fire extinguisher at the ready. Written by Jessica Cording Jessica Cording, MS, RD, CDN, INHC is a registered dietitian, health coach, and author who helps people streamline their wellness routine and establish a balanced relationship with food and exercise. Features 4 minutes One Dish Around the World: Dumplings Boiled, steamed, or fried and filled with everything from pork to plums, dumplings are eaten 'round the world. cooking Dish rice dumpling Reflections of an Industry Introducing a series of interviews developed to survey the challenges and barriers facing people of color in the American restaurant industry. Robert Parker Wine Advocate’s Top 100 Wine Discoveries Reviewers spotlight noteworthy wine discoveries based on criteria such as sustainability, innovation, investment value and age-worthiness. All articles of Features Inspector Journals: A Taste of My History A US inspector reflects on the southern Italian tradition of transforming sun-ripened tomatoes into a perennial sauce called la salsa di pomodoro. ingredients Inspectors People 1 minute Stuart Brioza’s Custom-Milled Pancake Mix Stars at State Bird Provisions Brioza’s mini restaurant empire was built on pancakes. ingredients One Product One Chef Ingredient Spotlight: Blood Oranges The perfect citrus solution to the winter doldrums. Ingredient Spotlight: Necks and Collars These meaty cuts are full of flavor. Ingredient Spotlight: Pomegranates Get to know this super fruit. fruit ingredients Ingredient Spotlight: Heirloom Apples All you need to know about purchasing and consuming these special fruits. All You Need to Know About Oil Smoke Point What it is, why it matters and its relation to an oil's quality or safety. Dining Out 2 minutes Finding Gifts in Unexpected Places at Atomix The one constant on this New York City restaurant’s menu perpetually in flux is the presence of rice. ingredients Korean	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16961
__label__cc	0.583115	0.416885	Home/Tag: Family Self Sufficiency Ruth Bechtold Retires After Decades-Long Career at Housing Assistance Chris Kazarian2020-01-13T17:01:00-05:00January 13th, 2020\|Categories: Blog, HACBeat, News\|Tags: David Fuller, Energy Department, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, HAC staff, retirement, Ruth Bechtold, Weatherization\| Ruth Bechtold, who spent nearly three decades at Housing Assistance, is retiring today. Since October, Ruth has been training David Fuller who is the agency's new Energy Department manager. Nearly three decades ago, Ruth Bechtold walked into Housing [...] Family Self-Sufficiency Program Inspires Eastham Resident Chris Kazarian2019-08-23T11:02:40-04:00August 23rd, 2019\|Categories: Blog, HACBeat, News\|Tags: Amber Bouquet, Eastham, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, homeownership, Jan Nelson, Leased Housing, Section 8, Vinfen\| Over the past five years, there have been times Amber Bouquet of Eastham juggled multiple jobs all while raising a family and exploring new career paths. “It’s been a long road,” Amber acknowledged. “I didn’t think I’d be where I’m [...] Celebrating Success at Oysters & Champagne Chris Kazarian2019-09-30T12:07:17-04:00August 2nd, 2019\|Categories: Blog, HACBeat, News\|Tags: Affordable Housing on Cape Cod, Alisa Magnotta, Dorothy Savarese, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, fundraiser, Fundraising, Oysters & Champagne, Peter Muise, Tara Wallace, Tony Shepley\| Tara Wallace (middle) shared her story at Oysters & Champagne. She was one of four former clients who are now Housing Assistance Board members who attended they event. All four graduated from our Family Self-Sufficiency program managed by Jan [...] From Homelessness to Hope to Housing Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:10:43-04:00April 17th, 2018\|Categories: News\|Tags: affordable housing, Affordable Housing on Cape Cod, Brewster, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, homelessness, hope, Jan Nelson, Moriya Smith, One Family Scholarship, Section 8\| Moriya Smith with Labouré College President Maureen Smith at her graduation last May. Moriya is now studying for her bachelor’s degree. Almost 20 years ago, when Moriya Smith was only a teenager, she became homeless, fending not only for herself, but her [...] FSS Graduation Result of Hard Work Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:13:46-04:00September 26th, 2017\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, homeownership, Jan Nelson, Stacey Whittemore\| HAC FSS Coordinator Jan Nelson (left) with Stacey Whittemore, who recently graduated from the program and became a homeowner on Cape Cod. When some clients graduate from the Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) program, it can be a large celebration with a [...] FSS Program Helps Family Find Perfect Home Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:14:02-04:00August 25th, 2017\|Categories: News\|Tags: Amy Gregoire, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, homeownership, Jan Nelson\| Amy Gregoire with two of her children, Josie (left) and Susie, at her FSS graduation. Amy and her husband recently moved into a new Habitat for Humanity home in West Yarmouth. When Amy Gregoire first met HAC’s Jan Nelson in [...] FSS Client a Role Model for Her Family Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:15:12-04:00May 26th, 2017\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, Jan Nelson, Section 8\| Jan Nelson, HAC’s Family Self-Sufficiency coordinator, helps those receiving Section 8 vouchers move off public assistance as part of a five-year program aimed at helping clients achieve self-sufficiency. The date may have said April 1, but for Lisa* and her [...] Editorial: How Federal Budget Cuts Could Impact Your Neighbors Alisa Galazzi2019-03-11T15:15:31-04:00April 18th, 2017\|Categories: News\|Tags: affordable housing, Affordable Housing on Cape Cod, Department of Housing and Urban Development, Family Self Sufficiency, Federal Budget, Section 8\| Harwich Third Grader Gives Back to Angel House Clients Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:16:25-04:00February 21st, 2017\|Categories: News\|Tags: Angel House, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, holiday giving, Philanthropy\| Michael Webster (left) passes out gifts he purchased for the children at Angel House. As a client in HAC’s Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) program, Harwich’s Amy Webster understands what it’s like to receive help from others. She has passed on those [...] FSS Graduate One Step Closer to Homeownership Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:17:04-04:00December 23rd, 2016\|Categories: News\|Tags: Amy Feren, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, homeownership, Jan Nelson, Section 8\| Jan Nelson (left), HAC’s FSS Coordinator, with Amy Feren at her graduation in October. Being a single mother is not easy. Mashpee’s Amy Feren can attest to that as she raises three children of her own. “There is no easy [...] FSS Client Receives One Family” Scholarship” Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:18:06-04:00September 21st, 2016\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, Jan Nelson, Janice Jones, One Family Scholarship\| HAC’s Jan Nelson (left) with Janice Jones. Success means different things to different people. For West Barnstable’s Janice Jones, it will one day mean becoming a homeowner. “There is something about owning a home that makes me feel like I [...] HAC Provides Client Support She Needs to Attain Her Goals Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:24:16-04:00September 24th, 2014\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, HAC, Jan Nelson, Jennifer Long\| HAC’s Jan Nelson (left) and Jennifer Long with her two sons Micah and Kadin. Life is much easier when you have someone who serves as your coach, cheerleader and friend to help navigate the hurdles that may come your way. [...] HAC Helps Client Realize Her Dream Chris Kazarian2019-03-11T15:25:28-04:00May 19th, 2014\|Categories: News\|Tags: Community Action Committee, Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, HAC, home ownership, IDA, Rebuilding your credit\| Torienne Gonsalves (from left) with her mother Adrienne Gonsalves and Jan Nelson of HAC. Ambition without a specific goal is essentially a dream. […] Success Means Saving For Angela Bernard Laura Reckford2019-03-11T15:37:04-04:00October 17th, 2013\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, HAC, housing assistance corporation\| Strawberry shortcake was on the menu and achievement was front and center at the party for Angela Bernard who graduated from the Family Self-Sufficiency program last month. […] HAC Client Saves $35,000 through FSS Escrow Program Laura Reckford2019-03-11T15:40:18-04:00June 3rd, 2013\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, HAC, saving money\| Scholarship Program Helps HAC Client Aim for Goals Julie Wake2019-03-11T15:43:07-04:00February 16th, 2013\|Categories: News\|Tags: Family Self Sufficiency, FSS, housing assistance corporation, One Family Scholarship, Section 8\|	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16967
__label__cc	0.736716	0.263284	•April 30, 2017 •Brooks Whittington •Cigars, Nicaragua, Nomad Cigar Company, Reviews Nomad Martial Law At the 2016 IPCPR Convention & Trade Show, Nomad Cigars showed off a new release that had been in development for a while. In fact, before it was released the original name of the cigar was changed: as owner Fred Rewey was in Nicaragua doing final checks on the blend and boxes, the FDA announced its plans to regulate deemed tobacco products. As a small form of protest, Rewey changed the name of the cigar to Martial Law. Interestingly, the Martial Law is actually based on one of Rewey’s most popular existing blends: the Esteli Lot 8613, which was released in April 2015. However, this release will come from Fabrica Oveja Negra, the Estelí, Nicaragua-based operation that is perhaps best known for producing the Black Label Trading Co. brand. Nomad owner Fred Rewey had this to say in a text exchange when I asked him how much of the blend was changed in the Martial Law compared to the 8613: Not as much as you would think, but the addition of Esteli ligero and removing of some Jalapa really changed the blend… a lot. It took a bit to get the balance of Condega Ligero to Esteli Ligero correct. Something I picked up when I blended the dual ligero C-276. Originally, when blending, I thought it would simply become an amped up version of the 8613 (and would market it that way). I had to bail on that part of the idea because it really became a completely different cigar in a real hurry. Using the 8613 as a comparison/jumping off point didn’t work. In terms of vitola and blend, the Martial Law is a 6 x 50 toro wrapped in an Ecuadorian habano leaf and incorporates a Nicaraguan Jalapa binder filler tobaccos from all four main growing regions of Nicaragua: Condega, Estelí, Jalapa and Ometepe. The regular production cigar carries an MSRP of $12 packaged in boxes of 12, and was shipped to retailers last year in mid-July. Cigar Reviewed: Nomad Martial Law Factory: Fabrica Oveja Negra Wrapper: Ecuadorian Habano Binder: Nicaragua (Jalapa) Filler: Nicaragua Vitola: Toro Extra MSRP: $12 (Boxes of 12, $144) Number of Cigars Released: Regular Production Number of Cigars Smoked For Review: 3 The Nomad Martial Law is covered in a nutty brown wrapper that is silky smooth to the touch with an abundance of oil present. There are very few veins noticeable, and it is just short of hard as a rock when squeezed. Aroma from the wrapper is fairy tame, with notes of barnyard, black pepper, earth, dark chocolate and raisin sweetness, while the cold draw brings flavors of creamy oak, leather, hay, pepper, gritty earth and the same raison sweetness. Starting out, the first third of the Nomad Martial Law features a dominant toasted bread note on on the palate, while other flavors hay, creamy oak, floral, almonds and espresso beans come in behind. There is a small but noticeable floral note on the retrohale, along with an obvious caramel sweetness on the finish, both of which combine nicely with some black pepper that is also present. Both the burn and draw are excellent so far, with neither giving me even a hint of a problem and the smoke production is extremely copious off of the foot. The overall strength starts out between the mild and medium ranges, although it is obviously still increasing as the first third comes to an end. Coming into the second third of the Nomad Martial Law, the toasted bread note giving way to more of a creamy cedar flavor, along with other notes interspersed throughout that are strong enough to make an impact on the profile, including yeast, anise, hay, leather and a touch of spice. The floral note from the first third has disappeared totally by the halfway point, replaced by a slight mesquite note, and both the caramel sweetness and black pepper continue to make an impact. Construction-wise, the draw continues to impress, but the burn starts to give me some issues, forcing me to touch it up a couple of times to stop it from getting out of hand. The strength passes the medium mark by the time the second third ends. The caramel sweetness morphs into more of a raisin note in the final third of the Nomad Martial Law combining fantastically with the still dominant creamy cedar note. Other flavors of espresso beans, leather, earth, salted peanuts and tea leaves flit in and out, and while the mesquite from the second third is still evident, it is fading fast. Thankfully, the burn has evened up nicely, while the draw continues to impress, but the big story is the strength, which takes a bit step forward right at the end, hitting a point close to the full mark just as I put the nub down with about an inch to go. Nomad is distributed by Boutiques Unified. When I took the foot bands off of the cigars, it took a small piece of the wrapper with it each time, although not enough to cause any major issues with construction. In fact, other than a couple of touchups on each sample, the construction overall was quite good, and smoke production was well above normal, even for a toro. The cigars smoke for this review were purchased by halfwheel. Nomad did send a couple of samples of the martial Law, but those cigars were not used for this review. The final smoking time for all three samples averaged one hour and 48 minutes. 91 Overall Score After smoking three of them, the Nomad Martial Law can be summed up in two words: flavor bomb. To me, there is no doubt this is a better blend than the Nomad Esteli Lot 8613 it is based on: it is more balanced, more complex, and just more interesting overall. In fact, while profile of the Martial Law has other flavors, both the overriding creaminess as well as the sweetness that starts out as caramel in the first third before morphing to a raisin note in the second half steal the show. The nicely integrated medium-full strength, good construction and perfect amount of black pepper on the retrohale is just icing on the cake. A very easy cigar to recommend if you are looking for a well blended, sweet and creamy blend, but if you prefer more earth, pepper and strength, you should probably look elsewhere. Fabrica Oveja NegraFred ReweyIPCPR 2016NicaraguaNomad Cigar CompanyNomad Martial LawToro Brooks Whittington I have been smoking cigars for over eight years. A documentary wedding photographer by trade, I spent seven years as a photojournalist for the Dallas Morning News and the Fort Worth Star Telegram. I started the cigar blog SmokingStogie in 2008 after realizing that there was a need for a cigar blog with better photographs and more in-depth information about each release. SmokingStogie quickly became one of the more influential cigar blogs on the internet, known for reviewing preproduction, prerelease, rare, extremely hard-to-find and expensive cigars. I am a co-founder of halfwheel and now serve as an editor for halfwheel. Nomad Ships Martial Law Charlie Minato Nomad Slates Martial Law for IPCPR 2016	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16968
__label__cc	0.607425	0.392575	Trends Worldwide Woman with a bone disorder who was told she is ‘too ugly’ to post photos of herself defiantly shares a selfie every day for a YEAR ByHasan After being mocked over her appearance online, a woman with a rare bone disorder has pledged to take a selfie every day for a whole year… Just to prove her haters wrong. So much of our culture is shaped by beauty standards — what is considered beautiful, who is considered beautiful. Beauty is an asset, whether we like it or not. Acceptance. Success. Even love. Our society says disabilities aren’t beautiful, which I think is tragic! #MyBestSelfie A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Oct 3, 2020 at 12:22am PDT Melissa Blake, a freelance writer and a disability activist, was born with Freeman-Sheldon syndrome, a rare genetic bone and muscular disorder. The condition typically affects the mouth, face, hands, and feet… How have y’all been feeling? I found this photo from years ago and realized that I’ve since lost this cheery cup! We haven’t had many “best days ever” during the pandemic. Life is confusing right now, but I hope y’all are having a good day! We’ll get through this together… ❤️😘 A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Aug 17, 2020 at 2:04pm PDT And is known to cause an unusual physical appearance. But, sadly, Melissa has found herself being cruelly bullied and trolled as a result of her appearance… I have a deadline today. Also, I’m really obsessed with my outfit from New York Fashion Week. That’s all. A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Sep 21, 2020 at 1:57pm PDT Predominantly online, of course. Believe it or not, my career isn’t just about writing. I’m as much of a businesswoman as I am a writer and that’s something I wasn’t always comfortable with, probably because of how society views assertive women. But I’ve asked for more money for my last few pieces and GOT IT. Women writers: ALWAYS 💰 ASK 💰 FOR 💰 MORE A man would. Melissa recently discovered that she was the center of a cruel new TikTok challenge. It was truly shocking. tiktok stop making fun of visibility disabled people challenge — red hopes andy has a fantastic bday!༄ °˖✧ (@sapphonsunlight) August 11, 2020 The “New Teacher Challenge” required parents to show their children pictures of disabled people all while telling them that it was their new teacher. They then filmed their reactions, which usually involved the children recoiling in horror or bursting into tears. There’s a challenge on tiktok and making front of disabled people. Y’all really don’t want it to be taken down? — ☕️ ᴍɪʟᴋᴛᴇᴀ ☕️ (@BTokidoki) August 3, 2020 And it is only further embedding the negative stigma surrounding people who live with disabilities. But, when Melissa saw that her face had been used in the sickening challenge… as if I’ve just seen a whole ‘challenge’ on tiktok of able people mocking and mimicing disabled people & yet tiktok continues to censor and ban voices of disabled people trying to raise awareness??? their excuse being ‘to prevent bullying’ lol . yet another reason to boycott — ~ (@surlaplanche_) May 31, 2020 Instead of allowing the trolls to get her down, she decided to issue a poignant plea to all the parents who think it is okay to use her image as a fun “prank” on their children. Writing for Refinery, Melissa began by recalling the moment she realized she had become a victim of this challenge. What a fun time chatting with @justynasyska from @abc7chicago today!! I loved talking about my viral tweet, clapping back at the trolls and living with a disability. Look for the interview in September and THANK YOU to my mom for being my amazing stylist… 🎥🎉 A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Jul 24, 2020 at 3:48pm PDT “‘Oh, look,” I deadpan as I read the latest message from someone letting me know that they saw my photo on TikTok being shared in a hurtful way. ‘Surprise, surprise!’” Sadly, Melissa wasn’t at all surprised. Christmas in July, anyone??? 🎄🎁❄️✨ #ThrowbackThursday “I joke because I’m definitely not surprised. As a disabled woman, people ridiculing and mocking my appearance is practically the most predictable thing about social media.” She thought she’d seen it all. More than anything, I want disabled people to be proud of who they are. I want them to know that their voice has power. And I want them to live in a world that fully includes them! #MyBestSelfie ♿️🙏🏻❤️ A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Jul 20, 2020 at 1:06am PDT “But a few weeks ago, I discovered it was happening again on TikTok through something called the New Teacher Challenge. It’s the latest viral trend in which parents show their children photos of disabled people, who they say is their child’s new teacher. The kids’ reactions – typically frightened and embarrassed – is filmed, of course. And it’s all done for a laugh.” “I’m not laughing, though, because none of this is funny. I’m utterly disgusted.” Is this what the young people call a thirst trap? Asking for a friend… #MyBestSelfie 😊😊 Speaking to the parents involved in the challenge, Melissa wrote: “Adults who actually think this is okay and worse… Even funny should know better. There’s absolutely no excuse.” She stressed how parents should be teaching their children how harmful and hurtful these pranks are… As a disabled woman, advocating became routine for me; it’s a necessary part of living with a disability and of navigating the ins and outs of the able-bodied world. Advocating for myself has gotten me through college and into my career as a freelance writer. ♿️♿️♿️❤️❤️❤️ “Not laughing in the background as their child recoils at the sight of a disabled person.” Pointing out that one in 4 adults in the U.S who suffer from the disability, she also noted that there is a dire need for disability representation. I haven’t talked about it much because there are worse things going on in the world, but my freelance writing has been pretty slow during quarantine. Lots of rejections, but… Rejected pitches means blog content GALORE. Here’s my writing face from last night… #MyBestSelfie ✍🏻 A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Jul 3, 2020 at 12:36am PDT “We need to normalize seeing people who don’t look like us or our family members. We need to teach the next generation that our differences should be celebrated, not feared or mocked.” Melissa’s resilience is second to none. A few weeks ago, I was really upset over some horrible, untrue things people were saying about me in an online group for women writers. This week, I modeled in New York Fashion Week and have a deadline for a new essay. Living well truly IS the best revenge! #MyBestSelfie 👏🏻💋 A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Sep 18, 2020 at 1:53am PDT And now, following a recent spate of online abuse, in which she was cruelly compared to a “blobfish” and told that she should be “banned from taking photos of herself” because she is “too ugly”, Melissa has decided to set herself a new challenge. A selfie every day for a whole year. During the last round of trollgate, people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I’m too ugly. So I’d just like to commemorate the occasion with these 3 selfies… 📸😉👋🏻 pic.twitter.com/9ZuSYFOtwv — Melissa Blake (@melissablake) September 7, 2019 Melissa refused to let the trolls get to her and responded to the hateful comments with a tweet, writing: “During the last round of trollgate, people said that I should be banned from posting photos of myself because I’m too ugly. So I’d just like to commemorate the occasion with these 3 selfies…” Every day for the last year, Melissa has uploaded a selfie to her Instagram account as a part of her defiance… I want people to see me. Not for some narcissistic reason, but for a very practical one: Society is never going to change its ableist views unless we normalize disabilities. And for that to happen, people actually need to see disabled people… #MyBestSelfie ♿️👋🏻 A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Sep 30, 2020 at 12:34am PDT Which has actually seen a boost in followers, from 7,500 to over 200,000. She recently reflected on this decision in another article published by Refinery. We don’t typically think of selfies as being a revolutionary act or even political, but they are, especially in 2020. These selfies are for every single disabled person. These selfies are a statement. Our lives and our stories matter. #MyBestSelfie ♿️❤️ Here, she described her selfie-posting routine as a “ritual” which has brought her “comfort and happiness, not to mention taught [her] plenty of lessons.” Melissa stressed that she wasn’t posting the daily selfies “to be vain.” Legit businesswomen are hot AF… #MyBestSelfie 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻 “I often worried, though, about how people would react to all these selfies. After all, I’d seen first-hand how critics reacted to just ONE of my photos. What would people think about photos every day? Would that be too much? I didn’t post my selfies to be vain — that was never my goal. I posted selfies to unapologetically take up space and demand to be seen as a disabled woman.” These selfies were incredibly varied. I started posting selfies as a defiant response to trolls…sort of saying “You don’t want to see my photos? I’m going to post one EVERY DAY! What do you think of that?” Yes, friends, the quickest way to get me to do something is to tell me NOT to do it… #MyBestSelfie 👏🏻🔥 She explained: “For each of the next 366 days (2020 was a Leap Year), I posted a selfie and tracked them with the hashtag #MyBestSelfie. Some selfies were serious, like the ones where I talked about disabilities or how I was feeling on not-so-good days. Some were fun and silly, like the ones that showed off my love for The West Wing and photo filters.” But there was one thing each selfie had in common. Dear future Mr. Melissa Blake… Heyyyy, boo! It was just National Boyfriend Day, so I wanted to dispel a pesky rumor. Don’t let my life of glitz, glam and photo filters fool you! I promise I’m not intimidating! I will keep you on your toes, but you’ll LOVE it… #MyBestSelfie A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Oct 4, 2020 at 1:17am PDT “Each selfie truly reflected my personality and who I was. Each was a celebration, and each carried a message.” Melissa explained: It’s Highlighter Chic season, y’all… Every fall, I wear this sweatshirt again and I’m shocked by how BRIGHT it is. Like WOW. My eyes literally have to adjust for awhile!! This comfy garment is as popping as my personality and its glow is as natural as my own! #MyBestSelfie ✨ A post shared by Melissa Blake (@melissablake81) on Oct 4, 2020 at 11:21pm PDT “I was getting to know myself in ways I never had. With each selfie, I felt more comfortable in my own body and discovered freedom I’d never really felt before as a disabled woman.” Who needs flower crown photo filters when you can pose with ACTUAL flowers?!?!? Our neighbors surprised me with this beautiful bouquet after I was in New York Fashion Week!!! It was such a sweet gesture and the flowers smell wonderful. Swipe to see the “fashionable” card. 👗💐 Melissa, you’re incredible! For more on the fight against disability discrimination, keep scrolling to read the heartfelt plea one mother wrote after her disabled child was persistently bullied at school… ‘This suspect is the worst of the worst’: 70-year-old man charged with sexual battery on a child J Dec, 2020 Hasan Students behind deadly on-campus attack of Moreno Valley 13-year-old admit their guilt J Nov, 2020 Hasan Woman lashes out at bridal store over her wedding dress – only to be told her embarrassing mistake	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16977
__label__wiki	0.924215	0.924215	LET’S CHANGE THE WORLD! 11 CURRENT WOMEN DRUMMERS THAT PROVE GIRLS CAN DO IT ALL THE NATIONAL SATIATES NYC WITH A 24 SONG SETLIST SPANNING 7 ALBUMS BARON VON FANCY WANTS TO BE RESPECTED highlarkmag #madamvicepresident 200k flags have been placed on the National Mall r Happy Birthday, Mac. It’s been under attack the past four years, howe According to the Washington a post Dr. Dre is ‘d Not all heroes wear capes (but some do!) @staceyab 🔥 Our editors gathered our favorite singles tha 2020 was ROUGH. Thankfully, we had tons of great m “We have our foot in both doors, which helps bec 20 Best TV Shows of 2020 (link in bio) - - - #bett Japan unveiled an operational 55ft life-size Gunda Two worlds collide… - Who won the Western battle The coolest game show host of all time? Who was Al Breathe 🍾🥂 MUSIC / RECOMMEND 20 Best Albums of 2020 That Got Us Through The Year Born & raised in Los Angeles. Senior Music Editor for Highlark & Co-Founder of Modern Girls. Political analyst by training & music enthusiast by passion. Always striving for her journalism to be an intersection of both worlds. 2020 was rough. Our editors rounded up the best albums of 2020 that helped us all make it through a hell of a year. Enjoy this years picks, in no particular order. [+] Fiona Apple – Fetch the Bolt Cutters Released mid-April 2020, during a time of global uncertainty and a heightened level of anxiety, Fiona Apple birthed her masterpiece, Fetch the Bolt Cutters, a chaotic, unvarnished, and liberating album so perfectly timed for the moment we are living in. Maybe Fetch the Bolt Cutters would not have worked any other year. Still, against the backdrop of a pandemic and a day of reckoning, Apple provided a path forward for those discovering themselves (the good, the bad, the ugly) alone in solitary. Fetch the Bolt Cutters is a triumph. It is an empowering eruption of individuality and mindfulness. It is musically daring and on paper should not work. However, It does. And it does so fearlessly. Great music is about breaking down barriers, taking risks, and trying something new and different. Fetch the Bolt Cutters will down as one of the best, if not the best album from 2020. -Brad [+] Bad Bunny – YHLQMDLG Bad Bunny was a savior in every sense of the word this year for music fans across the genre board. The crossover king took top positions on every chart and list possible this year with the help of not only one, but three incredible albums released in during quarantine. Our favorite has to sit at YHLQMDLG. Perfecting his fused genre blending of classic Reggaeton, modern Trap, a little Pop-Punk Emo and everything else in between. Mix in heavy hitting features like Jowell & Randy, Daddy Yankee and Sech on top of that and it deliciously cooks into an instant classic. Trust me, I dare anyone to say they didn’t dance to “Safaera” at least once this year. -Jeanette [+] Kid Cudi – Man On A Moon III: The Chosen We’ve finally reached the end of Kid Cudi‘s trilogy which is memorable straight through. His book of work has always been personal taking you deeper into his life, which is dark at times and addresses a lot of mental health issues which most people can relate to. Cudi style is none other than his own, blending indie-rock, trap beats and great lyricism. A great album coming through just in time to end off 2020. -Mitch [+] Moses Sumney – græ It is hard to find anything remotely negative about the second studio album from Moses Sumney, græ. Græ requires repeated listening to grasp just how extraordinary this album is in its entirety. Græ, who fuses jazz, folk, art-rock, and classical, is complex, daring, and poignant. And yes, we believe he was signing to just us and only us. We feel his vulnerabilities, insecurities, and neediness, but we also feel his ambition and light. Like Sumney, we have been yearning for closeness and intimacy during a time we are all asked to keep a distance. Græ feels like a journey that will last a lifetime or at least for 20 more years. From “Virile” to “Cut Me” to “Polly” to “Me in 20 Years”, Græ is Sumney’s seminal work. Græ is an album that will only get better with time. -Brad [+] Hinds – The Prettiest Curse Spain’s garage-rock queens Hinds‘ third studio album The Prettiest Curse is more polished, more pop, more produced and more arena-friendly than their past two albums but is that always a bad thing? For many bands it can be, but the ladies of Hinds pulled it off without changing their essence or identity. This record is one of those you can listen to straight through and features some of their best songwriting to date. RECOMMENDED TRACKS: “Boy”, “Good Bad Times”, “Just Like Kids (Miau)”, “Riding Solo” -Sonic [+] The Strokes – The New Abnormal Famed New York rockers The Strokes made a long-awaited return with their latest studio album The New Abnormal. An appropriately titled LP for the current times, the album was a striking return to the scene providing a fresh sound and breath for the long time band. With a touch of magic provided by Rick Rubin, the album is a transfixed journey through self-reflection of a band growing up in the spotlight. Sonically, the album was an ambitious leap from their tendency to remain within their signature sound, which was a decision well made as the album has earned them their very first Grammy Nomination. -Jeanette [+] Yves Tumor – Heaven To A Tortured Mind Yves Tumor‘s Sean Bowie‘s musical aesthetic is hard to pin down. He keeps you guessing, often marching at the beat of his own drum. Heaven To A Tortured Mind, Yves Tumor’s 4th studio album, is best described as a “psychedelic soul record for the 21st century” and, in our opinion, their best. Heaven To A Tortured Mind is tumultuous, emotional, and at times disorganized. However, the album is filled with songs that need to be played repeatedly, such as “Gospel For A New Century,” “Super Stars,” and “Kerosene!”. Much like the year, there is hope and calm in Heaven To A Tortured Mind, even if it is hard to feel it first. The more you play it, the calmer you will feel, which is a lesson for us. Through all the chaos and uncertainty, calmness isn’t that far away; you need to embrace it to get to the other side. -Brad [+] Bring Me The Horizon – Post Human: Survival Horror What to do during lockdown as a band? Write new songs and play video games of course! Inspired by the soundtrack to Doom Eternal, Bring Me The Horizon enlisted video game composer Mick Gordan to help produce the track “Parasite Eve” (Named after a popular 1998 video game) and their upcoming release. Written to cope with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and appropriately titled, POST HUMAN: SURVIVAL HORROR is Bring Me The Horizon doing whatever they want in the best way. The sound? Just as the title sounds, starting with the manic, heavy and hard hitting track “Dear Diary” and finishing with the haunting and ethereal “One Day the Only Butterflies Left Will Be In Your Chest As You March Towards Your Death” featuring Evanescence vocalist Amy Lee. The record also features YUNGBLUD and BABYMETAL and is the perfect pandemic slash video game soundtrack themed with frustration, struggle and digital chaos. -Sonic [+] Omar Apollo – Apolonio Apolonio marked the first album for the soulful, yet funky R&B crooner Omar Apollo. A star in his own right before a full-length, his fans have been long awaiting the singer to release a body of work that stepped outside of his famed EPs. Apollo excellently delivered on his album that weaves its way between R&B. Pop, hints of Disco and even being as edge pushing as debuting a Corrido in the mix. The risk was surely worth the reward as the LP is a straight winner played all the way through. -Jeanette [+] Sault – Untitled (Black Is)/ Untitled (Rise) This is a twofer. Both Untitled (Black Is) and Untitled (Rise) are worthy of this year’s best albums of the 2020 list. And yes, we could have separated these two, but we felt it is essential to listen to these together. The back-to-back albums of “protest songs” by the UK collective Sault seduce you with their sounds just when it hits you with truthful lyrics that force you to think about things you may not have thought about before. Or something you chose to ignore but now can’t. Untitled (Black Is) was written and recorded in response to the murder of George Floyd and released a month later. Untitled (Rise) was released a few weeks after Untitled (Black Is). Listening to both albums, you realize you are listening to something revolutionary. When you learn how quickly these songs were written and produce, you are forced to acknowledge the brilliance you are listening to (they also put out two albums in 2019 — so four albums in 18 months). Sault manages to play with our emotions, like no group/collective ever has. These albums are much more thoughtful than some other protest albums and songs that came out in 2019, and in no way does it feel they are placating a white audience. You feel the grief and anger, but you are left feeling resolved that change is possible. If only we listen. It is not lost on us that these albums were produced by Inflo, who also produced Highlark’s best album of 2019, Little Simz, Grey Area. -Brad [+] Lido Pimienta – Miss Colombia Lido Pimienta presented us this year with her long awaited follow-up album, the vividly striking Miss Colombia. A testament to her exploratory music, the album was recorded both within her home studio in Toronto and parts of it in her historic Colombian hometown of San Basilio de Palenque. A superior level of musical hybridity that fluidly fuses roots of cumbia, electronic nods, percussion heavy beats and hauntingly beautiful vocal melodies; Lido Pimienta has returned on an electrifying album that explores here identity through vibrancies of her songs and visuals. -Jeanette [+] Death Valley Girls – Under The Spell Of Joy If occult garage rock group Death Valley Girls‘ first three albums was of earth, their fourth album Under the Spell of Joy transcends into the world of the psychedelic and metaphysical. Heavily doused with organ and reverb, the echoing chants and choruses throughout this record will resonate in your mind and have you singing along as if casting a spell. -Sonic [+] Queen Naija – Misunderstood Who doesn’t love some classic R&b vibes that gives you those feeeeels. I almost feel myself too much when I listen to this album, then I realize I’ve been stuck in quarantine and it’s back to reality. However, we all need those moments where we transport to another place and feel good, so if you want to feel yourself like I do, spin this record. -Mitch [+] Perfume Genius – Set My Heart on Fire Immediately, Perfume Genius The fifth studio album from Mike Hadreas (aka Perfume Genius), Set My Heart on Fire Immediately, is his most approachable while staying true to his form: daring. At no point in Set My Heart on Fire Immediately does Hadreas abandon his art-rock deity-like status. Set My Heart on Fire Immediately is grandiose yet elegant. It is delicate yet unbreakable. It is densely packed yet feels light and magical. Set My Heart on Fire Immediately is described as an art-rock and pop album with elements of baroque pop, synthpop, funk, R&B, disco, chamber ambient, swamp rock, doo-wop, heartland rock, and psychedelic. Yes, you read that right. Any other artist, you might get a huge mess with all those influences; however, Hadreas delivers an enjoyable, fresh, and iconoclastic album. -Brad [+] Rina Sawayama – SAWAYAMA A striking debut album that plays into every cavity of complexity that makes up Rina’s identity. The duality of the British-Japanese singer plays throughout the album from its interwoven nature of mixing upbeat pop tempos with the heavier metal sounds, lyricism that touches on both subjects of personal and collective. Rina has redefined the world of pop on her own terms, with just her first album because who doesn’t want to dance around a little while feeling like a heavy metal Britney? -Jeanette [+] Phoebe Bridgers – Punisher No one has ever made the end of the world sound as good as Phoebe Bridgers has in Punisher. Bridgers’ second studio album tackles her inner and outer self in a multi-dimensional indie-rock soundtrack that is prime for whatever coming-of-age film comes next. And we say that in a positive way. Punisher is truthful during a time of so many lies. It is marvelous during a time when it’s hard to find beauty in the world. And it is clear in a time of so much confusion. What makes Punisher work is that Bridgers comes across as confident in her ambition and comfortable in who she has become. -Brad [+] Dua Lipa – Future Nostalgia There was no station, channel or social app that could escape the influence of one of the year’s pop queen Supremes. An album filled with track after track of certified bops, this album is a disco-pop tinged dance party through and through that helped us dance a difficult year away. Dua Lipa has successfully maneuvered between borrowing the energizing music of the past from heavy disco to commercial pop and maleate them into the now, but more importantly shaping the future of pop. -Jeanette [+] Benny The Butcher – Burden Of Proof I can listen to this album straight through and feel like I never left the 90s. A blend of soul loops and boom-bop beats by legendary producer Hit-Boy, coupled with Benny’s lyrical prowess makes this record timeless. -Mitch [+] Nation Of Language – Introduction, Presence A stunning debut album from Brooklyn synth-pop trio Nation of Language showcased a reimagined world of new wave. Fueled behind haunting synths and reflective lyricism, their music is an entrancing sonic culmination that breathes new life into an older sound genre. Heavy on our rotation list this year repeatedly making our playlists, Introduction, Please really needs no further introduction. A simply play and set on repeat will do all the explaining it needs. -Jeanette [+] Saint Phnx – DDMN Some bands naturally have the type of sound fit for the biggest stadiums and arenas. SAINT PHNX is one of those bands, not only because of their musical style but because they simply write great songs. Their debut album DDMN is a masterclass in modern day songwriting and production, mixing analog rock elements with the electronic using a wide arsenal of techniques. The band blends genres seamlessly into a consistent record full of head-nodding rhythms and anthemic singalong choruses. The hype is real with this one. -Sonic [+] Rocket Pengwin – Planet Earth One of the most exciting things about music in recent years is that it has become harder and harder to place in a genre. Electronic music is a genre that has greatly benefited from this, birthing artists like Rocket Pengwin who fully embrace the “do whatever the fuck you want” era of music. The latest EP Planet Earth‘s opening track “Unique” starts with a guitar riff as if you’re about to hear a pop-punk song, then breaks into an electronic beat that slowly builds to a drop. Lyrically, the record has everything from a familiar electronic dance styling of infectiously repetitive phrases to a pop format complete with verses, choruses and bridges. You can’t predict what you’re going to get with this record which makes it enjoyable to listen to over and over again. The best part of Rocket Pengwin and this record is the storytelling – the point of view of a penguin just trying to figure out his place in the human world. It’s you, it’s me. It’s a story of all of us. -Sonic Benny The Butcher Best Albums 2020 deadites DEATH VALLEY GIRLS Lido Pimienta Nation of Language Rina Sawayama Rocket Pengwin Saint Phx YVES TUMOR [PLAYLIST] Highlark’s Best Singles of 2020 MUSIC / INTERVIEWS Afrobeta Check Us Into The ‘Illusion Motel’ Legacies Never Die: Remembering Pop Smoke, Juice WRLD, and Nipsey Hussle [PLAYLIST] Highlark’s Fresh Fridays Sunflower Bean Returns with “Moment in the Sun” Single and Video ©2020 Highlark Media LLC.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16980
__label__cc	0.68561	0.31439	Deep, very deep Rape, what is that all about then? Blame Cracker on ABC tv for this question. I hear that rape is not sex but power. I am not so sure about that. In Cracker there was a female copper who was involved in a rape case who got raped. The offender seemed totally anonymous but the history of such cases shows that he would be a person known to the victim. The rape was horrific which leads me to thinking about what different sorts of rape there could be. Letter writers and talk back radio callers would like things neatly classified. Rape, 15 years. Feminists would agree on a basic sentence for rape. But really at it's most basic, there must be at least two types of rape. Type one must be an assault rape, by an anon person. EG, woman walking down the street, dragged into a dark lane and raped. Type two would be two people meeting at a party, chatting, kissing, groping, off to a dark area, more groping, finding a vacant room, more of the above and suddenly the girl says no, but the guy does not listen. My logic on this is unassailable I think. If you kinda agree to that, then there must be degrees of rape and there must be situations in between, which can only be judged by the facts and details put before a court. I really think rape should be dealt with as an assault and assault should be dealt with as rape. As a male, if I was dragged into a lane and beaten up, it would be no worse than being dragged into a lane and raped. It is a complicated thing and those who argue for minimum sentencing should have a longer think about it. Highriser's nye Pretty low key night really. Dinner at a friends place and then to the Newmarket Hotel in Inkerman St, St Kilda for Pink, the Showbags present venue. We had not been before and after parking the car and walking just 50 metres to the venue, I had to jump off the footpath as someone was about to walk straight through me. Partner had a word to say to him, but I thought it was better to ignore it. Ya picks ya marks. This one looked mean and nasty. The door bitch I recognised as a worker in a supermarket in Malvern. Don' think she recognised me, not sure. But next time I see her at work, I will mention it. It was not crowded, but enough for a good atmosphere. But wow, what a cocktail you make from the substances flowing through most of their bloodstreams. An older but surgically enhanced drag queen who has been in the biz since Les Girls days was there, with her very loud partner. He was truly scary but also correct when he said, 'shut the f*** up T. You're speeding off your face'. There were quite a lot of drag queens, and some......well can't think of the name, old guys who dress as woman and look totally tragic. A few cuties were scattered among the patrons. It reminded me very much of the Greyhound in it's early days as a gay venue. Am I sounding negative? Well perhaps about the venue. But the shows were fantastic, great outfits, great performances, good music, cheap drinks and only $10 entry. Really, we are a bit old to be standing around bars. It is not fun anymore, which is why we don't normally do it. We bolted just after midnight and home to find our building pretty well intact and unlike last year, no vomit on the balcony. We did observe many strange cars in the car park that should not have been there. We sat and had a couple of g&ts on the balcony for a while and tried to ascertain the success of all night tram service, then watched the taped Melbourne fireworks, which at the end switched to Sydney's NYE fire works. Melbourne really can't compete with Sydney on this score. Sydney's on the bridge were fantastic. Meanwhile, as we learned today, plenty was happening in the building. There was a party on the top floor with perhaps up to a hundred guests. The guard stopped them coming in the front door, but then they started to be let in the carpark. Two sixty year old members and two fifty year old members of the body corp committee, plus the building manager and his wife plus the guard were trying to sort it out at 2.30 am. Guests had decided they would sleep on the landing. Power was switched off to the apartment, but it made no difference. Then a male streaker ran through the foyer (damn, missed that). Security was kept on after usual 4am finish to 6am. Billed to owner of offending apartment. Security for next NYE under review. Do you have a mental picture of the apartment having the party? Lots of straight Aussie teens/early 20s out of control? Nope, all Asian heritage. Not personally, but I don't think 2004 has been much of a year. Perhaps I should indulge less in media. Those with sensitive minds or conservative views please read no further. Boy, would I like to tie up, fuck, torture and abuse this right wing, capitalist pig Tory fucker. Just until he begged, 'please Maggie and Ronnie, no more'. http://johnheard.blogspot.com/ Two movies I taped some ads on tv a few weeks ago, and slotted in between them was the movie Iris. Nice little story of English author Iris Murdoch's slide in senile dementia (can't spell that althem word). Fisrt class acting by Dame Judy Dench and her co star, playing her husband, was excellent too. Today we went to the cinema and saw Motor Cycle Diaries. I read a lot about Che Guevara years ago, and I am afraid what I read and can remember did not gell with the character on the screen. But it is a movie, not a biography, and was entertaining enough. Oh yeah, and the interior of the Cinema Como has had a major make over. Very nice indeed. And we caught a tram in Chapel St, and unlike the usual electronic whine, this tram went ding ding, clunk, shhhhhhh and we were off. Highriser wastes mental energy If you are a reader of my blog, you may by now know that I am gay. It is not a big deal really, unless you want it to be. But of course it defines me and sticks a label on me. But I love labels on people, so no problem. Sometimes you can be overly sensitive about the biz though. That is looking for hurt where it might not be. Here is an example where I could have saved me self some angst. I recently made a comment to a blog I regularly read. It was a sympathetic comment that perhaps would not have come from a straight 40 odd year old male. And of course, when you post, it links back to your blog where in my description of myself it readily mentions that I am gay. The next comment to the blog was brief (I must learn how to make brief comments to blogs) and concluded, ‘At least you are not homo mate’. Ouch, this blog is usually quite gay tolerant and the blogger certainly is. This was this morning. As the day wore on, I thought about it more and more. Effing homophobic c. Now some history. Early in my net useage, I was in a gay chat room and some guy messaged me and seemed nice enough, but then started getting nasty. Obviously he was a latent homosexual with some issue about it, but no need to lambast me with homophobic comments. I might have a least admired him if he sounded clever, but he sounded very red neck and unoriginal. This was back in the days when all we had to chat with was MIRC. (something Internet Relay Chat, if you are wondering). But MIRC used to tell you an awful lot about chatters, and with the help of a friend, I worked out that he was at an Albury Tertiary College. I contacted them with his details and they investigated and later told me that because of his abuse of his internet facility, his account was suspended for three months. So I do take homophobia seriously, if it suits me. I was new to net chat, and I did not need that. So what do I do about this homophobic prick that made the comment today. Well, I trust the blogger guy, and he will make a soothing comment or erase the original comment. If he doesn’t, then I won’t read his blog anymore. It is not true revenge, but self-satisfying. But although yours truly is often dumb, sometimes he is not and always believes in arming himself with facts and both sides before action or protest. I went back and had another look, hoping that this homophobic guy had his own blog. I could get some savvy internet friends to ‘do something’. I clicked on the link, and hmmm, pic, cute enough looks………………oops. It says he is gay. Owww. Hating is a wasted emotion, more so when you are wrong. Can I just add, not sure why he made the comment. Being gay is good. I am pleased to be gay. I will read his blog a bit and see where he is coming from……..tomorrow. Listen kiddies, this example shows you how it works. New Year’s Eve 2003/4. Public transport shambles. PTUA gets great mileage with videos of packed trams and trains, and many left stranded. Outrage on radio talkback. State Government defensive. Pre NYE 2004/5. Government announces all night train service and extended tram service. Train company bribes train drivers with promise of a day in lieu and double time and a half, and still not many biting. It remains to be seen. Tram company can play with the roster and extend the service. Much complaining from staff and mentions of sickies. But this is what was told to me, so I am not putting my name to it nor saying it is true. Tram staff were complaining about only receiving normal pay for working on christmas day so the tram union and the tram management got together and decided the tram staff would be paid public holiday rate for working christmas day, the quid pro quo being that trams would run all night NYE. 24 extra shifts were allocated to at least one depot and at this stage, three of them are covered. Everywhere in the depot mentioned, there are notices calling for staff to work overtime NYE. I doubt there are many takers. I might be wrong, and I think it is a gamble on the government’s part, but I think practically it won’t be much better than last year. But credit to the government, they made all night NYE transport happen. Credit to the tram/train companies, they made all night NYE transport happen. Credit to PTUA, they agitated and made all night NYE transport happen (sorry DB, not having a go). But Blanche, it just ain’t gonna happen. It starts slowly and gently. Like the Bali bomb, you hear of it first in a low key way. Maybe just a quick mention on the late night news before you go to bed. It slips from your mind until morning. Over the next few days the horror of it becomes apparent. The rich and famous have been affected, along with many many more poor. The media personalizes it as we in Australia are directly affected. It is pointless to mention how many are dead as the figure rises so quickly. I believe that basic charity is a role for the government in western countries. That is one reason why we pay taxes. I rarely give to what I see as the empire building private charities. But this time I will make an exception. Red Cross I guess. To NYE or not Last New Year's Eve Food and drinks at a friends house, 6 to 8.30 Barbecue at another friend's house, 9 to 11 Visit a friend who lives at Beacon Cove and he took us up onto the roof of the apartment building and we watched the city fireworks, 11.30 to 12.30 Home to where siblings and hangers on had arrived after being in city. Bodies all over floor but yours truly and some others kept going, 1 to 8 Swim in pool with remainder of guests, 8 to 9 Sleep, 10 to 2 Vow never again, 2 This year's New Year plan Nought Nowt Watch fireworks on tv Wish b/f a happy NY Posted by Andrew at 1:22 am 1 comment:	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16981
__label__cc	0.575121	0.424879	Remember This Weed Scene from Back to the Future? byHigh Times Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2015 is officially “Back to the Future” Day—the day Marty McFly and Doc Brown arrived from the past in the 1989 film, Back to the Future II. A lot of people have been keeping score, and while the movie did make quite a few correct predictions (i.e. video chat, virtual-reality goggles), a good portion of them have not yet come to fruition (where are our flying cars?!?). Hoverboards are the cool new toy this year, but let’s be real, our current version is nothing like Marty McFly’s. Yes, the Cubs actually do have the potential to win the World Series, but it definitely doesn’t seem likely. However, the one “prediction” that we’re fans of actually happened in the first Back to the Future film, when the gang time travels back to 1955 in the midst of Reefer Madness. While attending his parents’ school dance, Marty gets thrown in the trunk of a car by a group of skinheads, only to be rescued by some pot-smoking musicians. “Hey, hey, listen, guys… Look, I don’t wanna mess with no reefer addicts, okay?” the skinhead says. Maybe “prediction” isn’t the right word, but we like to think that this scene accurately portrays how ridiculous Reefer Madness and anti-pot propaganda was—a sentiment most people recognize today. Check out the clip below and Happy “Back to the Future” Day! The Magazine Of High Society Think Tank Report Damns Federal Government for Preventing Pot Research byMike Adams NFL Should Invest in Medical Pot Research for Brain Concussions byMaureen Meehan Some Oddly Specific Predictions About Films You Should Keep an Eye Out For This Year A collection of anticipated films that are set to be released in 2021. byTim Brinkhof David Fincher’s ‘Mank’ Renews Debate on the Relationship Between Art and Alcohol Herman Mankiewicz wasn’t the first alcoholic writer to create a masterpiece, nor was he the last. Many link his talent to his condition, but is that fair? A Handful of the Trippiest Animated Movies Ever Made Animation is definitely not just for kids. Yippies Make a Cultural Comeback in Netflix Legal Drama, ‘The Trial of the Chicago 7’ Legendary freedom fighter and drug enthusiast Abbie Hoffman has been brought back to our attention thanks to Aaron Sorkin's astonishing script and a compelling performance from Sacha Baron Cohen.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16983
__label__cc	0.573681	0.426319	Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/fip/fednsr/571.html Information acquisition and financial intermediation Nina Boyarchenko Informational advantages of specialists relative to households lead to disagreement between the two in an intermediated market. Although households can acquire additional signals to reduce the informational asymmetry, the additional information is costly, making it rational for households to limit the accuracy of the signals they observe. I show that this leads the equity capital constraint to bind more frequently, making the asset prices in the economy more volatile unconditionally. When disagreement between households and specialists is high, however, return volatility decreases. I find empirical evidence consistent with these predictions. Nina Boyarchenko, 2012. "Information acquisition and financial intermediation," Staff Reports 571, Federal Reserve Bank of New York. Handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:571 File URL: https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr571.html File Function: Full text File URL: https://www.newyorkfed.org/medialibrary/media/research/staff_reports/sr571.pdf Hong, Harrison & Torous, Walter & Valkanov, Rossen, 2007. "Do industries lead stock markets?," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(2), pages 367-396, February. Lucas, Robert E, Jr, 1978. "Asset Prices in an Exchange Economy," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 46(6), pages 1429-1445, November. Lixin Huang & Hong Liu, 2007. "Rational Inattention and Portfolio Selection," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 62(4), pages 1999-2040, August. Klein, Benjamin & Crawford, Robert G & Alchian, Armen A, 1978. "Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process," Journal of Law and Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 21(2), pages 297-326, October. Marcin Kacperczyk & Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh & Laura Veldkamp, 2009. "Rational Attention Allocation Over the Business Cycle," NBER Working Papers 15450, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Douglas W. Diamond & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2005. "Liquidity Shortages and Banking Crises," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(2), pages 615-647, April. Douglas W. Diamond & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2002. "Liquidity Shortages and Banking Crises," NBER Working Papers 8937, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Douglas W. Diamond & Raghuram G. Rajan, 2003. "Liquidity Shortages and Banking Crises," NBER Working Papers 10071, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Douglas W. Diamond & Philip H. Dybvig, 2000. "Bank runs, deposit insurance, and liquidity," Quarterly Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis, vol. 24(Win), pages 14-23. Diamond, Douglas W & Dybvig, Philip H, 1983. "Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 91(3), pages 401-419, June. Sims, Christopher A., 2003. "Implications of rational inattention," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(3), pages 665-690, April. Allen, Franklin & Gale, Douglas, 1994. "Limited Market Participation and Volatility of Asset Prices," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 84(4), pages 933-955, September. Allen, F. & Gale, D., 1991. "Limited Market Participation and Volatility of Asset Prices," Weiss Center Working Papers 2-92, Wharton School - Weiss Center for International Financial Research. Gale, D. & Allen, F., 1991. "Limited Market Participation and Volatility of Asset Prices," Weiss Center Working Papers 14-91, Wharton School - Weiss Center for International Financial Research. Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, 2002. "Limited Asset Market Participation and the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(4), pages 825-853, August. Annette Vissing-Jorgensen, 2002. "Limited Asset Market Participation and the Elasticity of Intertemporal Substitution," NBER Working Papers 8896, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. Christopher A. Sims, 2006. "Rational Inattention: Beyond the Linear-Quadratic Case," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 96(2), pages 158-163, May. financial intermediation; rational inattention; disagreement; E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy G00 - Financial Economics - - General - - - General G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates G19 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Other NEP fields This paper has been announced in the following NEP Reports: NEP-CTA-2012-11-11 (Contract Theory & Applications) NEP-DGE-2012-11-11 (Dynamic General Equilibrium) All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:fip:fednsr:571. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (). General contact details of provider: http://edirc.repec.org/data/frbnyus.html .	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16989
__label__cc	0.634728	0.365272	Tag: Mainstay Salire How to improve your company's Facebook EdgeRank by going local Facebook is constantly tweaking EdgeRank, the behind-the-scenes algorithm that automatically chooses which stories appear in each user’s news feed. As the biggest social network in the world—it recently surpassed the one billion member milestone—Facebook aims to only share the most pertinent and engaging content with its users. The latest major change to EdgeRank specifically affects corporate brand pages. Facebook has opted to reduce the frequency at which corporate page posts appear on fans’ news feeds in an effort to declutter the amount of brand-sponsored posts served up on mobile and tablet devices. This change requires companies to rethink their Facebook Page strategy in order to maximize the amount of visibility, reach, and engagement of their pages. Increase Your Facebook EdgeRank by Going Local In a way, this news shouldn’t be too surprising for savvy social marketers. Earlier this year, independent researcher Mainstay Salire released a report analyzing social media posts from corporate pages versus local brand pages. The researcher found that a typical local Facebook Page fan (someone who has liked the page) is worth 40 times a typical corporate Page fan. Having tracked 14 million consumer interactions across Facebook, the report revealed that local fans pack a much bigger punch than corporate Fans from a sales and marketing perspective. While, at first glance, corporate Facebook Pages have the clear advantage in their massive fan bases and engagement, Mainstay discovered that local Facebook Pages actually generate 5x greater reach per fan and 8x more engagement per fan reached. Ultimately, one local fan is equal to 40 corporate fans. With Facebook tweaking its EdgeRank algorithm to even further limit the reach of corporate page posts, it is clearer than ever that major businesses must go local with their social media efforts. If you want to maximize reach and engagement with your customers on a national or even global scale, doing so from one corporate page is not the best way to do it. Instead, you need to equip your local salespeople and stores with the knowledge and software (like Hearsay Social) to help them best represent your brand on social media. To learn more about how local pages outperform corporate pages on social media, download Mainstay Salire’s report, The Power of Going Local: Comparing the Impact of Corporate vs. Local Facebook Pages. The legal and compliance impact of social media Ed. note: This post is the fourth in a series drawing from Mainstay Salire’s study on Social Media ROI: Quantifying the Benefits of Social Media Marketing Platforms for the Enterprise. Download the entire report for free here. Comprehensive Legal and Regulatory Compliance Financial services and insurance companies are regulated by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA) and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), which consider all “static” content (including social media posts) to be marketing material. As such, companies are required to conduct pre-reviews of social media communications and retain copies of content published on Facebook and other channels. “We worry about fines all the time,” a representative of a major financial institution told us. Educational institutions as well as companies in a range of industries (e.g., fitness clubs) are also subject to state advertising regulations and labor laws. These range from restrictions on how institutions are allowed to advertise and market educational programs (including via social media) and rules that require only full-time employees to publish posts on behalf of businesses. Regulated companies reported easier compliance with government and industry regulations due to their social media marketing platform’s built-in monitoring, workflow, and archival systems Companies said that the platforms substantially lower the risk of incurring regulatory penalties and becoming the target of legal action Streamlined Compliance Supervision Effort Regulated companies that introduced compliance automation capabilities said it helped them move more confidently into local social media markets. Marketers at an insurance company, for example, said they were better able to focus on building customer relationships rather than worrying about legally allowable content. The platform’s monitoring, alert, and data management capabilities all contributed to reducing administrative overhead. Adoption of the platform resulted in a 65% reduction in the number of full-time employees needed to manage data compliance. Thanks for reading! If you want to learn more, download Mainstay Salire’s study on Social Media ROI: Quantifying the Benefits of Social Media Marketing Platforms for the Enterprise. The huge productivity advantage of social media Ed. note: This post is the third in a series drawing from Mainstay Salire’s study on Social Media ROI: Quantifying the Benefits of Social Media Marketing Platforms for the Enterprise. Download the entire report for free here. Increased Employee Business Use of Social Media and Productivity While most of the businesses previously had local social media presences, Hearsay Social offered a level of convenience and scalability that attracted agents, advisors, and local-branch marketers. Access to corporate content libraries, auto-scheduling, compliance tools, analytics, and the flexibility to customize each post were all features that appealed to users. Uptake of the solution was rapid across the companies studied and training needs were reported to be minimal. Average of 4X increase in employee activity on social media across companies studied 90% of advisors at financial firm joined a pilot rollout of Hearsay Social and 87% continued to use the platform after the pilot, demonstrating strong buy-in, adoption, and ease of use 75% of advisors said the platform improved how they used Facebook as a business tool Faster, More Efficient Delivery of Corporate Content to Local Networks At the corporate level, marketers noted the productivity advantage of an enterprise-wide platform for managing social media programs. Reusable content libraries, automated compliance checks, and other management tools were key to streamlining production and delivery of content to field networks. Ease of integration with back-end systems (e.g., ERP systems, compliance supervision and archiving systems, and monitoring tools such as Lithium) contributed to minimizing maintenance and support costs. More than 70% reduction in steps to convert, package, and deliver corporate content to local networks Creating and leveraging content library reduced compliance administration, content reviews, and rework Easier Creation of Content at Local Level Local teams leveraged the social media platformto access corporate content and marketing ideas, customized to local needs. By providing a common, easy-to-use platform across all channels, Hearsay Social enabled more frequent use of social media. On average, companies reported a 50% reduction in effort needed to create and manage social media content at the local level. The sales and marketing impact of social media Ed. note: This post is the second in a series drawing from Mainstay Salire’s study on Social Media ROI: Quantifying the Benefits of Social Media Marketing Platforms for the Enterprise. Download the entire report for free here. Expanded Marketing Reach Companies embracing social media marketing solutions reported a significant increase in the number of people reached through various channels, notably Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, and Google+. One insurance company, for example, saw a 150% to 420% increase in its local Facebook fan base, largely because the platform’s simplicity enabled agents to post more frequently and effectively. A major educational institution reported a 189% increase in its fan base because teachers and administrators could post more customized, relevant content and build a “feeling of community” among current and prospective students. Feedback through the platform’s analytics also helped fine-tune the content to focus on messaging that generated strong local-consumer engagement. Local agents and branch managers that adopted Hearsay Social’s platform saw a two-to-five times increase in their local fan base over locations without Hearsay Social 95% of local financial advisors said they now reach more customers through social media 40% of the study participants reported a “positive sales impact” from adopting the social media marketing solution Surge in Consumer Engagement As companies established integrated corporate-local social media networks, they not only saw more fans signing up, but these fans and followers also responded more frequently to communications from the company. Marketing managers said that the platform’s automation and scheduling features allowed local marketing staff to “concentrate on crafting more pertinent and appealing posts,” thus attracting more engagement (including clicks, comments, views, and check-ins) from local fans and followers. An educational institution adopting Hearsay Social saw a 13X increase in online consumer engagement as measured by the number of Facebook “likes” recorded per page Businesses saw a doubling of customer check-ins (Facebook, Foursquare) after implementing Hearsay Social Agents at an insurance company reported a 5X increase in Facebook “likes” after adopting a social media marketing platform, as shown in the figure at left. Drove Transactions Better outreach and engagement of consumers at the local level positively impacted sales and other measures of business growth at the companies studied. Several companies reported jumps in sales conversion rates, with one retailer doubling sales tied to specific promotions, largely due to the ability of marketers to design more attractive deals with targeted local social media offerings. As shown in the figure below, an insurance company adopting Hearsay Social saw business improvements in several areas, including a boost in lives insured, premiums, and total assets. The volume of posts and tweets increased overall, but especially among junior advisors who adopted social media as their primary channel for stimulating sales growth. 50% to 500% increase in revenue performance measures at insurer adopting social media marketing platform Sales conversion rate jumped from 1.5% to 3% at retailer due to targeted offerings The business case for social media marketing platforms Ed. note: This post is the first in a series drawing from Mainstay Salire’s study on Social Media ROI: Quantifying the Benefits of Social Media Marketing Platforms for the Enterprise. Download the entire report for free here. Status update: What began a few a years ago as an online pastime for family and friends is quickly turning into one of the most powerful marketing tools for businesses worldwide. That tool, of course, is social media — Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Google+, etc. — and companies are only now recognizing how to harness its sales and marketing potential. How valuable is social media to business? To find out, Mainstay Salire interviewed marketing executives at nine companies engaged in major social media initiatives. Representing a range of industries — including financial services, insurance, retail, real estate, education, and direct sales organizations — these businesses and institutions were seeking to exploit the power of social media to reach more consumers, spark conversations and commerce, and build brand loyalty through these uniquely direct and personal channels. Our research found that companies were eager to move beyond their first attempts at engaging customers and prospects through social media. These first steps were generally confined to corporate initiatives, usually in the form of launching a company Facebook Page and Twitter account. Corporate marketing strategies mostly consisted of driving people to these centrally managed social media channels. The marketing impact from these headquarters-based programs was predictably modest. Fans and followers were slow to sign up, and their online activity level — as measured by the volume of comments, posts, likes and so on — was similarly low. The hoped-for boost in sales and loyalty had yet to materialize. These lackluster results were not surprising given recent research showing that corporate social media channels are significantly less effective at engaging customers than locally created Facebook Pages and similar networks. (See The Power of Going Local: Comparing the Impact of Corporate Versus Local Facebook Pages, by Mainstay Salire, March 2012.) For this reason, most companies in the study had started to experiment with building out their local social presence — specifically Facebook Pages and Twitter accounts authored and administered by local representatives, agents, advisors, or branch managers. This is when companies confronted an array of operational barriers — from concern over brand and message consistency to administrative overhead to regulatory compliance — that slowed rollout of their social media programs to local branches, stores, and franchises. This so-called “social media chasm” is described in detail later in the paper. Industry Variables The study examined both regulated and non-regulated companies across six industries. While social media marketing solutions were embraced by each company, the benefits realized varied somewhat by industry, as shown in the figure below. Companies in non-regulated industries, for example, were not as concerned with the platform’s automated compliance checks and tools. ROI METRICS FOR SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING PLATFORMS How did companies break through these barriers? In every case we studied, these companies invested in enterprise software platforms that enabled comprehensive, efficient management of corporate-to-local social media programs. To be sure, success depended on more than just enterprise software. Factors such as developing innovative marketing content and campaigns, gaining buy-in from senior leadership, and mastering of the tools by local branches were also critical ingredients. But executives repeatedly said they could not have scaled out their social media initiatives and achieved business benefits as rapidly without the efficiencies, ease-of-use, and risk-management capabilities provided by the Hearsay Social platform. We grouped the benefits of adopting the platform into three major categories: 1. Sales and Marketing Impact Companies improved key measures of sales and marketing effectiveness. As illustrated in the figure at left, these measures encompass a “funnel” through which opportunities are converted into sales. Stages of the process include: Reach: Exposing social media communications to more fans and followers Engagement: Facilitating deeper customer interactions and brand experience by stimulating two-way conversations and interactions Conversion: Drive sales transactions that impact revenue through social media offers and dialogue Retention: Increase customer loyalty and reduce customer lifetime value management costs 2. Operational Efficiencies Social media marketing platforms helped minimize the cost of running a complete corporate-to-local social media program by: Streamlining the process for pushing corporate content to local branches (through content libraries, templates, and work scheduling) Making it fast and easy for local staff to publish social media content Decreasing compliance-related management activities Minimizing IT overhead through pre-built integrations with ERP, CRM, and other enterprise applications 3. Legal and Compliance Impact Regulated companies — such as those in the securities, insurance, health, and education industries — benefited from the platform’s integrated compliance checks, which enabled rapid and broad distribution of approved content and minimized the possibility of costly law suits, fees, and fines. In next blog post of this series, we present the study’s core findings and discuss the “journey” that many companies take — in both regulated and non-regulated industries—as they planned and implemented social media marketing strategies. Lessons from Sam Walton: How a social-local strategy brings the human touch back to business Ed. note: The following post, penned by Hearsay Social CEO Clara Shih, originally appeared in Advertising Age. Long before the digital age, all business was local and social. Customer engagement was paramount. Shopkeepers, barbers, and Avon ladies alike intuitively knew that their ability to connect with customers would often determine whether or not a purchase would be made. They also understood that investing in building long-standing relationships with customers would result in repeat visits and loyalty. For many successful proprietors, this meant knowing customers by name, remembering their likes and dislikes, and being on hand to answer product questions. Years before founding Walmart, at the age of 26, Sam Walton put these principles to work as a variety store manager in Newport, Arkansas. Sam Walton's original Walton's Five and Dime store, now the Wal-Mart Visitor's Center. On stage at fMC (Facebook’s marketing conference) earlier this year, Walmart CMO Stephen Quinn hearkened back to this bygone era: “If you went back 120 years ago, a retailer would be a pillar in the community. [Retailers] would know not only everybody, but their likes, what they thought was interesting, what new products they might be interested in.” So, what happened to the shopkeeper who cared about customers? The answer is very simple: technology. Technology has enabled two of the biggest changes to sweep across retail: national mega-chains and more recently, e-commerce. Both have played key roles in driving down prices by introducing greater transparency, efficiency, and economies of scale. But this has come at a cost: the customer experience now feels “mass produced.” In his eloquent foreword to my book, The Facebook Era, 1-800-FLOWERS founder and CEO Jim McCann captures it perfectly: “Past technologies helped drive down costs, improve reach, and grow the business, but in the process we lost something very important: customer connection. I have missed the direct customer dialogue I had in our retail flower shops. The digital age has felt largely transactional in comparison.” A central theme of fMC last month was how social media provides a way to put a human touch back into business. Several Facebook executives, including David Fischer, Mike Hoefflinger, and Chris Cox, took the stage at various moments to explain how Facebook’s new Timeline redesign provides businesses with an opportunity to “reintermediate” a human touch in their online interactions with customers. Less advertising, more engagement. Less cookie-cutter, more authentic. Less corporate, more local. Slowly but surely, even the biggest retail organizations around the world are awakening to this sea change. Quinn and his team at Walmart have recommitted to a “social-local strategy” that I think would have made Sam Walton proud. Walmart has launched thousands of Facebook Pages, one for each of its brick-and-mortar stores. Designated store employees who have received special training on social media are responsible for maintaining the pages, such as by responding to customer questions and issues, sharing targeted local promotions, and discussing town news or events, such as the local football game. Quinn says social media is enabling Walmart to “go back to the future” by providing an authentic local customer experience, but at scale. Walmart is not alone. A growing number of brick-and-mortar retailers from Lululemon and Home Depot to 24 Hour Fitness and Quiznos are embracing social-local. According to a report published last month from Mainstay Salire, local Facebook pages already outperform corporate pages by a factor of 40 (Download the report here.) Like Walmart, 24 Hour Fitness offers gym members a tool for finding their local center’s Facebook page, which publishes more relevant information and local promotions. Disintermediation is fine for highly commoditized brands and products, but if you want to build brand differentiation and customer loyalty, there are no shortcuts to authentic engagement. Certainly, social-local requires greater coordination than having brand pages alone, but like anything, what you get out of social media is proportional to what you put in. Retail e-commerce sales topped $61.8B in Q4 of 2011, but this still amounts to less than six percent of total retail sales. Embracing a social-local strategy allows retailers to capitalize on the shift in consumer behavior toward digital, social, and mobile technologies at the store level where most of the transactions are still taking place, even while investing in growing e-commerce channels over time. It turns out shopkeepers, barbers, and Sam Walton had it right all along. Customers want to be treated like real people, not an audience segment. Having 20 million fans secures bragging rights for any brand, but from the perspective of the fan, it’s generally far more engaging and rewarding to be part of a smaller, more intimate community. Today, social-local is a really good idea. As more of your customers get smartphones, check in to your store locations, and begin demanding authenticity with a human touch, it will soon become mandatory. In my next article, I will discuss how retailers should go about establishing and operationalizing a social-local strategy, as well as why I believe brands have no choice but to do this. Please stay tuned. Watch Walmart CMO Stephen Quinn talk about his social-local marketing strategy below:	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line16999
__label__wiki	0.648538	0.648538	Bibliography and links: I rarely cite works that are not freely available on the web (expensive and often unavailable dead tree works) as these are of limited value to the casual fan and independent researcher. While ways around academic paywalls, both legal (contact the alumni association of your old university) or dodgy exist, works that are “open access” do better to advance knowledge. It is also my hope that these works’ authors will reap greater recognition from this approach, then by indenturing their works to paywalled journals. Consider registering as an independent researcher at Academia.edu . I used my blog nym and often an author will send you a copy of their paywalled paper if you request one. Academia.edu makes this process easy. Links to papers on their site require registration to read and download. Also note: I only go through past posts twice a year to add in the new stuff I have found. More links might show up in recent posts. GENSHIKEN (and Spotted Flower): http://ogiuemaniax.wordpress.com/ http://kei.iichan.net/genshiken/wakaba.html now defunct http://anonspore.blogspot.com/ Most chapter discussions excised http://astronerdboy.blogspot.ca/search/label/Genshiken http://www.mbbanikenkai.com/?p=4012 (from Brazil, use Xlate) The two main English Kio Shimoku interviews on the Genshiken: http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/1-legacy/24-comic-book-reviews/article/15931-genshiken-kio-shimoku-and-the-otaku-soul-.html http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/feature/2015-02-03/interview-genshiken-creator-shimoku-kio/.84036 A Japanese interview with Kio Shimoku on Spotted Flower and early influences. Translate plug-ins work well enough. Part 1: 2015/05/25 http://konomanga.jp/interview/33082-2 continues: http://konomanga.jp/interview/33103-2/2 An interview with Kio Shimoku in METROPOLIS Magazine, now unavailable by web is rumoured to exist but supposedly centers on neighborhood spaces and walking, rather than any series he authored. The Japanese Wikipedia entry for him: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/木尾士目 Typical fan responses: From the Manga Fox aggregator site’s comment section on Genshiken Nidaime: http://forums.mangafox.com/threads/167593-Kindda-Disappointed-With-Madarame Another aggregator site’s main comment section on Genshiken Nidaime: http://bato.to/comic//comics/genshiken-nidaime-the-society-for-the-study-of-modern-visual-culture-ii-r962 Batato is now defunct. Fortunately, The Archive saved pages so the comment section remains, though it takes a while to load. Try your luck: https://web.archive.org/web/20170818034957/http://bato.to/comic//comics/genshiken-nidaime-the-society-for-the-study-of-modern-visual-culture-ii-r962 http://pontif.us/2010/05/23/further-thoughts-on-re-reading-genshiken-madarames-fetishes-ogiues-hangups-and-never-the-twain-shall-meet/ “HATOZINE” An anthology of Hato-themed fan-fiction (guess who snuck in too!) http://hatozine.tumblr.com/post/136614729817/hatozine-a-genshiken-fanzine-for-hato THE MIRROR OF DESIRE: “The last violence we impose upon the queer of our straight imaginations is the burden of our hopes.” On Yuri http://okazu.blogspot.com/ Now at: http://okazu.yuricon.com/ Erica Friedman’s weariness with the yuri genre Story A: “40 Years of the Same Damn Story, Pt.1” http://www.hoodedutilitarian.com/2011/04/overthinking-things-04032011/ “40 Years of the Same Damn Story, Part 2” http://www.hoodedutilitarian.com/2011/05/21840/ The Friedman Addendum to the Bechdel Test http://okazu.yuricon.com/2013/02/27/fearless-defenders-comic-issue-1/ For more, visit Erica Friedman’s Yuricon /ALC publishing Essays page. Updates frequently: http://www.yuricon.com/essays/ “The Structure of Yuri_ the Shift from Female to Male Audiences” by Kylaran: Behind The Nihon Review, February 15th, 2010 http://behind-the.nihonreview.com/20100215/the-structure-of-yuri-the-shift-from-female-to-male-audiences/ “Beautiful and Innocent; Female Same-Sex Intimacy in the Japanese Yuri Genre” PhD Dissertation by Verena Maser . 27.9.2013 Universität Trier http://ubt.opus.hbz-nrw.de/volltexte/2015/944/pdf/Maser_Beautiful_and_Innocent.pdf This is required reading from now on. Excellent historical summary, Extremely useful and interesting fan survey research that also touches on other libidinised CJVC genres. “On the depiction of love between girls across cultures: Comparing the U.S. American webcomic YU+ME: dream and the yuri manga “Maria-sama ga miteru” ” by Verena Maser. International Manga Research Center, Kyoto Seika University. http://imrc.jp/ https://www.academia.edu/3762706/On_the_Depiction_of_Love_between_Girls_Across_Cultures_Comparing_the_U.S.-American_Webcomic_YU_ME_dream_and_the_Yuri_Manga_Maria-sama_ga_miteru_ “Finding the Power of the Erotic in Japanese Yuri Manga” by Sarah Thea Arruda Wellington, MA thesis, University of British Columbia (Vancouver) August 2015 https://circle.ubc.ca/bitstream/handle/2429/54589/ubc_2015_september_wellington_sarah.pdf “The Sexual and Textual Politics of Japanese Lesbian Comics, Reading Romantic and Erotic Yuri Narratives” by Kazumi Nagaike http://www.japanesestudies.org.uk/articles/2010/Nagaike.html “Thoughts on the Representation of Yuri Fandom in Kurata Uso’s Yuri danshi” by James Welker. Originally appeared as James Welker, “Kurata Uso Yuri danshi ni arawasareta yuri fandamu no sugata ni tsuite no ichi kōsatsu,” Yurīka 45, no. 15 (December 2014): 148–54. Translated (roughly) by the author. http://www.yuricon.com/oldessays/thoughts-on-the-representation-of-yuri-fandom-in-kurata-usos-yuri-danshi/ On BL and Yaoi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaoi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaoi_fandom http://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/BoysLoveNotes Probably the best I have found so far on the Japanese fujoshi experience: Akiko Mizoguchi: “Reading and Living Yaoi – Male-Male Fantasy Narratives as Women’s Sexual Subculture in Japan” University of Rochester PhD thesis 2008 https://urresearch.rochester.edu/institutionalPublicationPublicView.action?institutionalItemVersionId=5822 By the same author, an update of sorts – Akiko Mizoguchi: “Theorizing comics/manga genre as a productive forum: yaoi and beyond” http://imrc.jp/images/upload/lecture/data/143-168chap10Mizoguchi20101224.pdf This later shows up in a chapter of a free WHOLE BOOK ON MANGA STUDIES (!!!) “Comics Worlds and the World of Comics: Towards Scholarship on a Global Scale (series Global Manga Studies, vol. 1″ from the The Kyoto Seika University International Manga Research Center, http://imrc.jp/ . Get it here: http://imrc.jp/2010/09/26/20100924Comics%20Worlds%20and%20the%20World%20of%20Comics.pdf TBA: The English version of Dr Mizoguchi’s 2015 “What is going on in BL now?” Machine translation from Amazon Japan listing: https://www.amazon.co.jp/dp/4778314417/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_dp_x_LffwzbN4MVDSJ …Which is possibly an English recap of her 2015 “BL shinkaron : bōizu rabu ga shakai o ugokasu” (Theorizing BL as a transformative genre : boys’ love moves the world forward) , Akiko Mizoguchi. Ōta Shuppan (pub), 2015 Dr. Mizoguchi has a series of interviews with noteable authors/ philosophers/ BL fans on on 2chopo, a LGBT portal site in Japanese. Links migrate but a stable snapshot can be accessed via The Archive at: https://web.archive.org/web/20160320135128/http://www.2chopo.com:80/writer/detail?id=59 In Japanese, Google Translate works well enough. “Yaoi: Redrawing Male Love” (2003) by Mark McHarry has a quick roundup of historical reference to same-sex desire in Japan, along with its early survey of the yaoi genre. Note also the footnotes at the end of the essay and appendix, see: http://archive.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html archived: http://web.archive.org/web/20040815054437/http://www.guidemag.com/temp/yaoi/a/mcharry_yaoi.html “AN INTRODUCTION TO “BOYS LOVE” IN JAPAN” by Mark McLelland and James Welker. Intro Chapter to Boys love manga and beyond : history, culture, and community in Japan edited by Mark McLelland, Kazumi Nagaike, Katsuhiko Suganuma, and James Welker. http://samples.sainsburysebooks.co.uk/9781628461206_sample_854300.pdf “Why are Japanese Girls’ Comics full of Boys Bonking?” by Mark McLelland http://refractory.unimelb.edu.au/2006/12/04/why-are-japanese-girls%E2%80%99-comics-full-of-boys-bonking1-mark-mclelland/ “Girls and Women Getting Out of Hand” by Rachel Matt Thorn, http://matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/outofhand/index.php Archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20140109042024/http://matt-thorn.com/shoujo_manga/outofhand/index.html Updated with 2003 links fixed to Archive.org sources at her Academia.edu collection: https://www.academia.edu/12110339/Girls_And_Women_Getting_Out_Of_Hand_The_Pleasure_And_Politics_Of_Japans_Amateur_Comics_Community Authoritative version on her blog, a link to the download-able pdf: https://www.en.matt-thorn.com/single-post/2018/02/17/Girls-and-Women-Getting-Out-of-Hand-The-Pleasure-and-Politics-of-Japans-Amateur-Comics-Community Her blog: http://matt-thorn.com/wordpress/ Now defunct. Archived version: https://web.archive.org/web/20120722141319/http://matt-thorn.com/wordpress/ Her Blog, freshly revived: http://www.en.matt-thorn.com/ Her Academia.edu page: https://kyoto-seika.academia.edu/MattThorn “Elegant Caucasians, Amorous Arabs, and Invisible Others: Signs and Images of Foreigners in Japanese BL Manga” by Kazumi Nagaike http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue20/nagaike.htm “Japanese women writers watch a boy being beaten by his father: Male homosexual fantasies, female sexuality and desire” by Kazumi Nagaike, PhD thesis (Asian Studies, University of British Columbia, 2004): https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/16962 Later expanded into the book: Fantasies of Cross-Dressing: Japanese Women Write Male-Male Erotica, see Google books excerpts and description: http://books.google.ca/books/about/Fantasies_of_Cross_dressing_Japanese_Wom.html?id=lw52wwvOIegC An editorial summary of the contents of Vol 12 (2013) of the online Transformative Works and Cultures Journal; “Transnational boys’ love fan studies” by Kazumi Nagaike and Katsuhiko Suganuma, at: http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/504/394 “Do Heterosexual Men Dream of Homosexual Men?: BL Fudanshi and Discourse on Male Feminization” by Kazumi Nagaike pp. 189-209 IN: Boys Love Manga and Beyond History, Culture, and Community in Japan, edited by Mark McLelland, Kazumi Nagaike, Katsuhiko Suganuma, and James Welker (2015) Citation: https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781626740662 Excerpt at: https://books.google.ca/books? id=QAIbBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT235&lpg=189#v=onepage&q&f=false This one is locked down. The Google Books excerpt seems to indicate that the actual study of Fudanshi was done by a japanese aca-fan in 2008-2009. Approximately %20 of the respondents identify as “straight” or “asexual”; which would mean they comprise appx. %2 of all BL readers. Nagaike seems to impose a reading of “herbivore men” on the practice and -to my mind, distressingly- follows up on Saito Tamaki’s excursion into shota, which she does not significantly differentiate from the otokonoko/jousou genre from. The referenced study by the Japanese Aca-fan: “Fudanshi ni kiku” [Talking with fudanshi] by Yoshimoto, Taimatsu. 2008. Self-published. http://www.picnic.to/~taimatsu/common/milk/milk_postal_taimatsu.htm. The 2009 follow-up study lists Tagame Gengoroh as co-author. http://doujinshi.mugimugi.org/book/396607/ More: http://d.hatena.ne.jp/taimatsu_torch/ See also: https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_c?depth=1&hl=en&prev=search&rurl=translate.google.ca&sl=ja&u=http://picnic.to/~taimatsu/index.htm&usg=ALkJrhhoWTTK5M2pzzo0fAcy12Xjt_wJ7Q For both studies, sample sizes ran to 100-110 respondents. “Fujoshi: Fantasy Play and Transgressive Intimacy among “Rotten Girls” in Contemporary Japan” by Patrick W. Galbraith, http://www.jstor.org/stable/full/10.1086/660182 JSTOR: Signs, Vol. 37, No. 1 (Autumn 2011), pp. 211-232 (somehow not locked down in Jstor – grab it before they change their mind) “Moe: Exploring Virtual Potential in Post-Millennial Japan” by Patrick W. Galbraith http://www.japanesestudies.org.uk/articles/2009/Galbraith.html “Lolicon: The Reality of ‘Virtual Child Pornography’ in Japan” by Patrick W. Galbraith, Image & Narrative, Vol 12, No1 (2011) PPS 105-106 “An Interview with Patrick W. Galbraith on Otaku Culture – Part One” on Neojaponisme.com, Parts 2 and 3 follow. http://neojaponisme.com/2012/05/22/an-interview-with-patrick-w-galbraith-on-otaku-culture-part-one/ “Idols and Celebrity in Japanese Media Culture”, has its intro chapter available for perusal, see: “Introduction: The Mirror of Idols and Celebrity” by Patrick W. Galbraith and Jason G. Karlin https://www.academia.edu/4075854/Introduction_The_Mirror_of_Idols_and_Celebrity Read about the nasty origins of Madarame’s 2D forever complex for yourself, in: “Otaku Research and Anxiety About Failed Men” by Patrick W. Galbraith from the upcoming anthology: Debating Otaku in Contemporary Japan: Historical Perspectives and New Horizons (Soas Studies in Modern and Contemporary Japan) Hardcover – July 16, 2015 by Patrick W. Galbraith (Editor), Thiam Huat Kam (Editor), Björn-Ole Kamm (Editor), Christopher Gerteis (Series Editor) should not be missed. Article avalable here: www.academia.edu/12327055/_Otaku_Research_and_Anxiety_About_Failed_Men “On The Iconic Difference between Couple Characters in Boys Love Manga“ by Febriani Sihombing, Image & Narrative, Vol 12, No1 (2011) 152-153. http://www.imageandnarrative.be/index.php/imagenarrative/article/view/131/102 A very interesting bibliography on primary Japanese fujoshi studies: “On BL manga research in Japanese” by Jessica Bauwens-Sugimoto http://comicsforum.org/2014/07/29/manga-studies-3-on-bl-manga-research-in-japanese-by-jessica-bauwens-sugimoto/ An except of one of the early influential works mentioned therein: Owlectomy’s fan-translation of part of Yukari Fujimoto’s “Where Do I Belong? The Shape Of the Heart As Reflected in Shoujo Manga” Chapter 1 excerpt: “THE ANDROGYNY OF WOMEN, THE ANDROGYNY OF MEN” Blog post on Owlectomy (6/4/11) http://owlectomy.dreamwidth.org/114796.html Per tag search [http://owlectomy.dreamwidth.org/tag/manga:androgyny] the rest of chapter 1: FUJIMOTO YUKARI’S THOUGHTS ABOUT YAOI (PART 2) ANDROGYNY AND MANGA (PART 3) THE LAST WALL OF HETEROSEXUALITY (PART 5/5) “The possibilities of research on fujoshi in Japan” by Midori Suzuki. Translated by Nele Noppe: http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/462/386 “Essay Review of Three Issues of the Japanese Literary magazine, Yuriika (Eureka)” by Tomoko Aoyama http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue20/aoyama.htm “These three volumes are essential readings for anyone interested in BL, yaoi, and girl culture in contemporary Japan. They are also very useful and interesting for students and researchers of broader gender studies and Japanese popular culture and many other fields even though readers unfamiliar with the terms, genres and broader socio-cultural context may have some difficulties. ” “On the response (or lack thereof) of Japanese fans to criticism that yaoi is antigay discrimination” by Akiko Hori, in Transformative Works and Cultures, Vol 12 (2013) “BL (Boys’ Love) Literacy: Subversion, Resuscitation, and Transformation of the (Father’s) Text” by Tomoko Aoyama, 2012, Jōsai International Center for the Promotion of Art and Science, Jōsai University. Published in the U.S.-Japan Women’s Journal, Number 43, 2013, pp. 63-84 (Article), University of Hawai’i Press. https://www.academia.edu/4162389/BL_Literacy_Subversion_Resuscitation_and_Transformation_of_the_Father_s_Text “The love that poisons: Japanese parody and the new literacy” by Tomoko Aoyama. Japan Forum, 1994 – Taylor & Francis. https://www.academia.edu/4207142/The_Love_that_Poisons_Japanese_Parody_and_the_New_Literacy More Aoyama, a bibliography: http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/jataoyam “The Female Gaze in Contemporary Japanese Literature” by Kathryn Hemmann, PhD Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania 2013 http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1920&context=edissertations “Queering the media mix: The female gaze in Japanese fan comics” by Kathryn Hemmann :Everybody’s Fujoshi Girlfriend”, Neojaponism (blog post June 4, 2009) http://neojaponisme.com/2009/06/04/everybodys-fujoshi-girlfriend/ “Gay manga” in Japanese Gay Men’s Life Stories: Bara, BL and the Problem of Genre”, A slideshow by Thomas Baudinette. https://www.academia.edu/11591779/_Gay_manga_in_Japanese_Gay_Men_s_Life_Stories_Bara_BL_and_the_Problem_of_Genre “Japanese gay men’s attitudes towards ‘gay manga’ and the problem of genre” by Thomas Baudinette. https://www.academia.edu/25044799/Japanese_gay_mens_attitudes_towards_gay_manga_and_the_problem_of_genre On “types” in current Japanese gay male dating conventions: “Constructing identities on a Japanese gay dating site: Hunkiness, cuteness and the desire for heteronormative masculinity” by Thomas Baudinette. Proof Copy from published work in: Journal of Language and Sexuality Vol. 6:2 (2017), pp. 232–261 On the Ni-Chome: “The spatialisation of desire in a Japanese gay district through signage” by Thomas Baudinette. Excerpted from ‘ACME: An International Journal for Critical Geographies‘, 2017 On Gei-Komi, Bara and BL; styles, genres, distinctions and histories Otaku Champloo‘s Dr. Khursten in converversation with Thomas Baudinette FUJOJOCAST #11 – GAY MANGA DIALOGUES WITH THOMAS BAUDINETTE (PART 1) http://www.punkednoodle.com/champloo/2017/08/01/fujojocast-11-gay-manga-dialogues-thomas-baudinette/ FUJOJOCAST #12: GAY MANGA DIALOGUES WITH THOMAS BAUDINETTE (PART 2) http://www.punkednoodle.com/champloo/2017/12/19/fujojocast-12-gay-manga-dialogues-thomas-baudinette-part-2/ His profile page on Academia.edu: http://mq.academia.edu/ThomasBaudinette An extensive reading list/ bibliography on BL and Yaoi: “Yaoi and Boys’ Love (BL) Manga Studies Reading List” by Anne Lee http://chic-pixel.com/2017/03/yaoi-and-boys-love-bl-manga-studies-reading-list/ “Better than Romance – Japanese BL Manga and the subgenre of male/Male romantic fiction” by Dru Pagliassotti ch4: in; “Boy’s Love Manga: Essays on the Sexual Ambiguity and Cross-Cultural Fandom of the Genre“, edited by Antonia Levi, Mark McHarry and Dru Pagliasotti (2010). Preliminary discussion of the survey efforts that were used in the chapter can be found here:”Reading Boys’ Love in the West“, Particip@tions Volume 5, Issue 2 Special Edition (November 2008) http://www.participations.org/Volume%205/Issue%202/5_02_pagliassotti.htm Survey responses used to be available at the now-defunct Yaoi Research wiki site, http://yaoiresearch.com/2012/05/03/bl-survey-qualitative-dat/ now archived at; https://web.archive.org/web/20131123200744/http://yaoiresearch.com:80/2012/05/03/bl-survey-qualitative-dat/http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/may02/ao_0502_4.shtml. Half the responses are lost, the other half saved here: “Is there anything else you want to say about boy’s love manga, its fans, or why you like it?” https://web.archive.org/web/20131203083102/http://yaoiresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/OtherBLComments.pdf Her “Yaoi Timeline: Spread Through U.S.” http://web.archive.org/web/20160429095728/http://drupagliassotti.com/2008/06/02/yaoi-timeline-spread-through-us/ Her yaoiresearchwiki.com AND mangaresearch.com bibliography pages (ca 2010): Yaoi bibliography (scholarly) From Yaoi Research (ca 2010) http://web.archive.org/web/20100722032652/http://ganymede.callutheran.edu/~paglia/wiki/index.php/Yaoi_bibliography Yaoi Popular Bibliography From Yaoi Research (ca 2010) http://web.archive.org/web/20100309145030/http://ganymede.callutheran.edu/~paglia/wiki/index.php/Yaoi_Popular_Bibliography Nearby, yet far away: “An Introduction to Korean Manhwa” (originally published by Aestheticism.com on 6 Feb 2004 under the pseudonym “Amarythia”) by Casey Brienza http://caseybrienza.com/BRIENZA_MANHWA.pdf https://www.academia.edu/597939/An_Introduction_to_Korean_Manhwa [Note: see below for MJJ’s Aestheticism articles on Archive.org ] “Boys’ Love and Female Friendships: The Subculture of Yaoi as a Social Bond between Women” (2008) by Amy Ann O’Brien. Anthropology Theses. Paper 28. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/28 “The Homoerotic Requirement’ by Lori Hitchcock Morimoto in her blog ‘Some of us are looking at the stars” points out a key POV shift in Japanese reception of the “Potter-verse” as opposed to that of Western slash fans. In simple terms, western fen-written slash fanfiction sees Hogwarts as a private high school. Japanese fen see ‘The Heart of Thomas’ and a long tradition of fantasy European boarding schools settings for pining and bullied bishie boys. https://lorimorimoto.wordpress.com/2015/01/22/the-homoerotic-requirement/#more-205 “Appropriating Yaoi and Boys Love in the Philippines; Conflict, Resistance and Imaginations Through and Beyond Japan” by Tricia Abigail Santos Fermin http://www.japanesestudies.org.uk/ejcjs/vol13/iss3/fermin.html A summary of a conference on libinization in manga: “LESSONS FROM MANGA FUTURES” (November 10, 2014) http://www.punkednoodle.com/champloo/2014/11/10/lessons-from-manga-futures/ Since the earliest days of Western Star Trek K/S Slash, fen have practiced the secret, occult rituals of vidding. I never really came across any examples. Then lookie what falls into my clutches. At first glance it appears to be an AMV (fan-created Anime Music Video) ; a harmless, humorous juxtaposition of music (Suzie McNeil – Stay) and craftily edited video clips from an anime. Pay it no mind. And I am positive that Japanese fujoshi would never never do anything like this: https://youtu.be/bTF4GBbSkh8 “Genshiken \| MadaHato \| Stay” by 0megaBigBang Otaku: Much of the inspiration for the theory-crunching in this blog derives from my readings of the 2011 English translation of “Sento bishojo no seishinbunseki” (戦闘美少女の精神分析 / Psychoanalysis of Beautiful Fighting Girl) by Dr. Saito Tamaki (2000), translated to English in 2011 as: “Beautiful Fighting Girl” Unfortunately, it is not open access. You will have to buy or borrow it. About the author: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamaki_Sait%C5%8D A quick intro to Saito Tamaki’s Beautiful Fighting Girl: “Otaku for Queer Theory and Media Theory” by Michael Moon http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16379&context=criticism J. Keith Vincent’s Introduction to his (and Dawn Lawson’s ) 2011 translation of Saito Tamaki’s landmark work; Beautiful Fighting Girl: “Making it Real: Fiction, Desire, and the Queerness of the Beautiful Fighting Girl” (from a gender studies perspective: exceptionally well written and a must before reading the full work.) Available at: https://www.academia.edu/3682539/Making_it_Real_Fiction_Desire_and_the_Queerness_of_the_Beautiful_Fighting_Girl Rio Otomo‘s writings at rio-otomo.net: Notable so far: “A Girl with her Writing Machine: Amebic by Kanehara Hitomi” http://rio-otomo.net/academic-papers/25-2 “Politics of Utopia: Fantasy, Pornography, and Boys Love” http://rio-otomo.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/2013.11.3FantasyPornographyBoyslove.pdf (not Otaku-related but extremely useful: ) “Mishima Yukio’s Sex which is not One” http://rio-otomo.net/academic-papers/mishima-yukios-sex-which-is-not-one “Anime Creativity Characters and Premises in the Quest for Cool Japan” by Ian Condry http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/54243 Proto-Otaku, Proto-Fujoshi: The 1990’s: Volker Grassmuck: “I’m Alone, but Not Lonely: Japanese otaku-Kids Colonize the Realm of Information and Media” (1999). Dates from when the definition of “Otaku” had yet to “gel” to the manga/anime/game nerds we think of when we hear the term today. http://www.vgrass.de/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/901200_Otaku-alone_Mediamatic.pdf Mirrored here: http://www.cjas.org/~leng/otaku-e.htm https://www.academia.edu/507231/_Im_Alone_But_Not_Lonely._Japanese_Otaku-Kids_Colonize_the_Realm_of_Information_and_Media_A_Tale_of_Sex_and_Crime_from_a_Faraway_Place “Man, Nation & Machine The Otaku Answer to Pressing Problems of the Media Society” (2000) http://waste.informatik.hu-berlin.de/grassmuck/Texts/otaku00_e.html now at http://www.vgrass.de/?p=2962 His publications, indexed: http://www.vgrass.de/?page_id=673 Both essays are highly conversational and impressionistic, with too much bubble economy and Gibson references but they have been widely cited as early materials in what would become “otaku studies”. Jean-Jacques Beineix’s (Diva, etc.) ridiculous 1994 2hr and 40 minute video: ” ‘Otaku’ Le Cinema du Reel” (Otaku, The Cinema of the Real) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRCj9cQdIr8 Does at least contain archival 1993 Comiket footage. Quick history run-through on early Shoujo and derivatives: “When a non-manga about shoujo manga is more interesting than a shoujo manga“, Post on the blog MANGA TALK?(Feb 20, 2014) https://xkazemg.wordpress.com/2014/02/20/when-a-non-manga-about-shoujo-manga-is-more-interesting-than-a-shoujo-manga/ “The Peach Girl Views: Appropriating the Gaze” by Tomoko Aoyama. On the history of the Shoujo. Archived at: https://web.archive.org/web/20120211141846/http://coombs.anu.edu.au/SpecialProj/ASAA/biennial-conference/2004/Aoyama-T-ASAA.pdf “Gender Ambiguity and Liberation of Female Sexual Desire in Fantasy Spaces of Shojo Manga and the Shojo Subculture” by Maana Sasaki, Critical Theory and Social Justice / Journal of Undergraduate Research / Occidental College, Iss. 1 Vol. 2 http://scholar.oxy.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1044&context=ctsj FEH YES, VINTAGE MANGA A blog with Covers, art-work, etc, on Tumblr: http://fehyesvintagemanga.tumblr.com/tagindex More web archeology, a research Bibliography list ca. 2002 (Archive.org is your friend for dead links): http://homepages.rpi.edu/~bulloj/search/MANGA.html “Japanese Subculture in the 1990s: Otaku and the Amateur Manga Movement” by Sharon Kinsella, Journal of Japanese Studies, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Summer, 1998), pp. 289-316 An oft-quoted old standard in the genre. Lots of folks have quibbles with it, and it is pure 1990’s but still worth a look: https://www.sfu.ca/cmns/courses/2011/488/1-Readings/Kinsella%20Japanese%20Subculture%20in%20the%201990s.pdf “Who’s to judge Tezuka’s rivals?” (June 15, 2017) Considerations on early Shoujo manga by R.M.Thorn http://www.en.matt-thorn.com/single-post/2017/06/15/Whos-to-judge-Tezukas-rivals Proto-Manga: from the 1900’s on: What is Manga? An aca-blog with exceptional in-depth historical research. https://whatismanga.wordpress.com/ Visual Kei and Idol fandom “Interview with an ex-Visual Kei record executive” at the Tokyo Damage Report blog [http://www.hellodamage.com/top/2010/03/01/interview-with-an-ex-visual-kei-record-executive/] and the follow up: “visual kei fallout” post. [ http://www.hellodamage.com/top/2010/03/07/visual-kei-fallout/] [https://www.academia.edu/4075854/Introduction_The_Mirror_of_Idols_and_Celebrity] Lolita Fashion culture “Girliness Next to Godliness: Lolita Fandom as Sacred Criminality in the Novels of Takemoto Novala” by Brian Bergstrom, in Mechademia 6: User Enhanced (2011) [https://www.academia.edu/4453047/_Girliness_Next_to_Godliness_Lolita_Fandom_as_Sacred_Criminality_in_the_Novels_of_Takemoto_Novala_Mechademia_6_User_Enhanced_2011 ] “Transcultural Flow of Demure Aesthetics: Examining Cultural Globalisation through Gothic & Lolita Fashion” [ https://www.academia.edu/407714/Transcultural_Flow_of_Demure_Aesthetics_Examining_Cultural_Globalisation_Through_Gothic_and_Lolita_Fashion] “Being Alice in Japan: performing a cute, ‘girlish’ revolt” [https://www.academia.edu/7036962/Being_Alice_in_Japan_performing_a_cute_girlish_revolt] (You really need to reg up an Academia.edu account, it’s a free and easy way to sneak around a few academic pay-walls) and the executive summaries: “A Gentle Kind of Revolt: Cute (Kawaii) Fashion and Japanese Music-video Appropriations of ‘Alice” [https://www.academia.edu/1684744/A_Gentle_Kind_of_Revolt_Cute_Kawaii_Fashion_and_Japanese_Music-video_Appropriations_of_Alice_ ] “Lace Dress of Liberty: (Re)appraising Decorative Femininity through Kamikaze Girls“ [https://www.academia.edu/1678109/Lace_Dress_of_Liberty_Re_appraising_Decorative_Femininity_through_Kamikaze_Girls ] “Shōjo Manga Research: The Legacy of Women Critics and Their Gender-Based Approach” [https://www.academia.edu/11361844/Sh%C5%8Djo_Manga_Research_The_Legacy_of_Women_Critics_and_Their_Gender-Based_Approach] On Cosplay for fujoshis and others “Impersonating and performing queer sexuality in the cosplay zone” by Katrien Jacobs, The Chinese University, Hong Kong http://www.participations.org/Volume%2010/Issue%202/3.pdf “Gender, Sexuality, and Cosplay: A Case Study of Male-to-Female Crossplay” by Rachel Leng http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13481274 An accomplished japanese Cosplayer who also blogs on Otaku/ fujoshi terms http://picasaweb.google.com/bangin.kuji http://bangin.wordpress.com/ http://bangin.wordpress.com/2007/07/25/the-classification-for-%E8%85%90%E5%A5%B3%E5%AD%90fujoshi/ Virtual Cosplay on Twitter, web forum identities, etc: “Playing with Identity: Fan Role Playing on Twitter” by Zakia Jeewa https://www.academia.edu/19075490/Playing_with_Identity_Fan_Role_Playing_on_Twitter “Bound princes and monogamy warnings: Harry Potter, slash, and queer performance in LiveJournal communities” by Darlene Hampton http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/article/view/609/500 On Slash, Romance and Porn “One True Pairing: The Romance of Pornography and the Pornography of Romance”, by Catherine Driscoll: Chapter 2 of “Fan Fiction and Fan Communities in the Age of the Internet: New Essays” Karen Hellekson and Kristina Busse, Editors (2006) (Summary http://karenhellekson.com/?page_id=38) https://www.academia.edu/640785/One_True_Pairing_The_Romance_of_Pornography_and_the_Pornography_of_Romance “Redactionary Global Modernism: Kisses in Imperial Japan“, Jonathan E. Abel: (2014) https://muse.jhu.edu/article/538951/pdf “Packaging desires, The unmentionables of Japanese film“, a history of pantsu-shots/ panchira, by Jonathan E. Abel, chapter 13 in “Perversion and Modern Japan: Psychoanalysis, Literature, Culture”, Nina Cornyetz, J. Keith Vincent, eds, (2010) Guys getting all bothered too: “Male Otaku Paraphilia” (MARCH 24, 2016) by ZEROREQ011 on THEREFORE IT IS Blog https://thereforeitis.wordpress.com/2016/03/24/male-otaku-paraphilia/ “When a “male” reads shōjo manga” by ITŌ Kimio (trans. Miyake Toshio) http://imrc.jp/images/upload/lecture/data/169-175chap11Ito20101224.pdf Various forum-gates and male fans: “I’m not “that creepy guy from the Internet”: How Gamergate gave the geek community a bad name – I’ve been that bitter, lonely gamer looking for someone to blame. And I’m devastated that it’s come to this” (Oct 30, 2014) by Arthur Chu, SALON http://www.salon.com/2014/10/30/that_creepy_guy_from_the_internet_how_gamergate_shattered_faith_in_the_geek_community/ On Fan work: How much money do doujinshi creators actually make? Some statistics from Comiket by Nele Noppe http://fanhackers.transformativeworks.org/2012/06/how-much-money-do-doujinshi-creators-actually-make-some-statistics-from-comiket/ Nele Noppe / unjapanologist ‘s blog: http://unjapanologist.tumblr.com/ Nele Noppe’s doctoral thesis on Academia.edu: “The cultural economy of fanwork in Japan: dōjinshi exchange as a hybrid economy of open source cultural goods” (2014) https://www.academia.edu/9194456/The_cultural_economy_of_fanwork_in_Japan_d%C5%8Djinshi_exchange_as_a_hybrid_economy_of_open_source_cultural_goods Ongoing update of the work in wiki format here: http://www.nelenoppe.net/dojinshi/Thesis Transformative Works and Cultures; an international, peer-reviewed journal published by the Organization for Transformative Works. TWC publishes articles about transformative works, broadly conceived; articles about media studies; and articles about the fan community. http://journal.transformativeworks.org/index.php/twc/index TWC is one of the projects of The Organization for Transformative Works (OTW); a nonprofit organization run by and for fans to provide access to and preserve the history of fanworks and fan cultures.Their best-known project: The Archive of Our Own (AO3) is a noncommercial and nonprofit central hosting site for transformative fanworks such as fanfiction, fanart, fan videos and podfic. The Archive is a wholly fan-created and fan-run space, where fannish creativity can benefit from the OTW’s advocacy in articulating the case for its legality and social value. http://archiveofourown.org/ I LIke the Mirror thing: “The Great Mirror of Fandom: Reflections of (and on) Otaku and Fujoshi in Anime and Manga” by Clarissa Graffeo, MA English Thesis, 2014 http://etd.fcla.edu/CF/CFE0005172/Graffeo_-Thesis-_Great_Mirror_of_Fandom.pdf Note that we both reach the mirror conceit via slightly different paths. Mine is a play on Jimbo’s The Mirror of Production, while hers draws from Fans:The Mirror of Consumption by Cornel Sandvoss, which I must one day hunt down. JAPANESE CULTURE: LGBTQ+ in Japan; 20thC, misc.– “The Discourse on “Love Between Men” in Interwar Japan: Iwata’s History of Homosexuality” by Brad Borovitz http://onetwothree.net/writing/discourse-%E2%80%9Clove-between-men%E2%80%9D-interwar-japan-iwata%E2%80%99s-history-homo “The Process of Divergence between ‘Men who Love Men’ and ‘Feminised Men’ in Postwar Japanese Media” by Ishida Hitoshi and Murakami Takanori, translated by Wim Lunsing http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue12/ishida.html “My Queer Career: Coming Out as a ‘Researcher’ in Japan” by Sharon Chalmers, March 2002, Intersections. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue7/chalmers.html “Telling Her Story: Narrating a Japanese Lesbian Community” by James Welker http://www.dijtokyo.org/doc/dij-jb16-welker.pdf Maki Muraki, the leader of nonprofit organization Nijiiro Diversity, which promotes workplace equality for LGBT people in Japan, on lesbian representation in J-drama. “The things we do are not about sex. We face a lot of difficulties in our life, for example in the workplace. To be told that the image of us is one of sex doesn’t make me happy.” — http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/10/22/national/social-issues/fuji-tv-announces-japan-first-lesbian-drama-heels-advances-lgbt-rights/#.VkPujdSNg7X A machine translation of an interview with Muraki-san: https://translate.google.ca/translate?hl=en&sl=ja&u=http://www.huffingtonpost.jp/2015/01/01/lgbt-maki-muraki-1_n_6403210.html&prev=search And a presentation on workplace diversity policies in Japan that she worked on: http://www.outandequal.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/0M12501.pdf “The Role of the ‘tōjisha’ in Current Debates about Sexual Minority Rights in Japan” by Mark McLelland in Japanese Studies, Volume 29, Issue 2, 2009 pps 193-207 http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10371390903026933 “Flower Tribes and Female Desire: Complicating Early Female Consumption of Male Homosexuality in Shōjo Manga” by James Welker, Mechademia Volume 6, 2011 pp. 211-228 \| 10.1353/mec.2011.0007 https://muse.jhu.edu/journals/mec/summary/v006/6.welker.html (paywalled -MUSE) ‘How Does Japan Treat Gay People?’ Quora Answer by Erica Friedman reprinted in Slate. http://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2015/05/28/how_does_japan_treat_gay_people.html “Coming out in Japan A survey of attitudes among university students” by Robert Ó’Móchain http://www.japanesestudies.org.uk/ejcjs/vol15/iss1/omochain.html “Out Gays” or “Shameless Gays”? What Gets Lost, and What is Gained, when U.S. Queer Theory is Translated into Japanese?” video of lecture by J. Keith Vincent at: www.youtube.com/watch?v=ko8-FFARvhw “Death of the “Legendary Okama” Togo Ken: challenging commonsense lifestyles in postwar Japan” by Mark J. McLelland http://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2551&context=artspapers “JAPAN: Discrimination against Lesbians, Bisexual Women and Transgender Persons; A Shadow Report”, May 2009 http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/ngos/Japan_LBT_May09_japan_cedaw44.pdf “Japan LGBT group files human rights complaint in bid for same-sex marriages” by Tomohiro Osaki. Japan Times, 2015, 07/07 http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/07/07/national/social-issues/lawyer-lobby-handed-lgbt-rights-relief-request-pursuit-legal-sex-marriages/ “The Stonewall Transgender Guide to Japan, Section 6: Trans-Pacific: Differences between Japan and the West” http://stonewall.ajet.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Transgender-guide-final-1.pdf Human Rights Watch report on LGBT in Japanese schools: “The Nail That Sticks Out Gets Hammered Down — LGBT Bullying and Exclusion in Japanese Schools” (May 6, 2016) https://www.hrw.org/report/2016/05/06/nail-sticks-out-gets-hammered-down/lgbt-bullying-and-exclusion-japanese-schools The summary of the report in manga format: https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/report_pdf/japan0516_en_mangaweb.pdf LGBTQ+ info for outlander English teachers and other Japan neophytes: http://stonewall.ajet.net/start-here/ Takurei’s Room: LGBT experiences, resources and news from Japan http://takureinoroom.com/ “Read before you write about LGBT politics in Japan” by Masaki C. Matsumoto, (blog post May 1, 2013) http://gimmeaqueereye.org/entry/173 Masaki C. Matsumoto’s blog: http://gimmeaqueereye.org/blog Interview on Anime Feminist: http://www.animefeminist.com/interview-masaki-c-matsumoto-queer-feminist-activist/ Masaki C. Matsumoto’s Tumblr resource page: “Rad Queers Speaking English For You” http://rqse4u.tumblr.com/ Blog post launching page with mission descriptors: “New Tumblr Project: Rad-queers Speaking English For You” by Masaki C. Matsumoto (blog post: May 12, 2014) http://gimmeaqueereye.org/entry/10292 “Rethinking Japanese Feminisms” – Julia C. Bullock, Ayako Kano, James Welker Eds. Open access – University of Hawai’i Press (2018). https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv3zp07j Essays by Julia C. Bullock, Elyssa Faison, Sarah Frederick, Barbara Hartley, Kathryn Hemmann, Ayako Kano, Hillary Maxson, Chris McMorran, Akwi Seo, J. Keith Vincent, James Welker, Leslie Winston and Tomomi Yamaguchi “Queer desire in Japanese TV series” – Jasmin Rückert Open access: pre-print of article for the Vienna Journal of East Asian Studies (21 Oct 2019) DOI: 10.2478/vjeas-2019-0001 https://content.sciendo.com/configurable/contentpage/journals$002fvjeas$002fahead-of-print$002farticle-10.2478-vjeas-2019-0001.xml On transgendered folks, (real world vs CJVC representation): http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgender http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy_Stone_(artist) (follow links, a wayback machine scrape will yield all sort of early stuff) “Transsexual Identities in Manga” by Kori Michele. (Posted on January 16, 2012) A good typology of real feeling and fake-ish transexual-ness in Manga: http://fandommatters.wordpress.com/2012/01/16/transsexual-identities-in-manga/ “Revealing and Concealing Identities: Cross-Dressing in Anime and Manga, Part 5” by Lea. http://odorunara.com/2014/06/19/revealing-and-concealing-identities-cross-dressing-in-anime-and-manga-part-5/ “Transsexual stands proud in a land of conformity” Sydney Morning Herald, May 3 2003 Profile of Aya Kamikawa, Japanese politician, activist and transwoman “What I Love About Haruhi Fujioka” by Erin in the Gagging on Sexism blog: http://gaggingonsexism.wordpress.com/2012/09/02/what-i-love-about-haruhi-fujioka/ The well-noted PBS Frontline look at transgender teens in the USA: “Growing Up Trans“; http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/growing-up-trans/ “The Australian Trans and Gender Diverse Sexual Health Survey — Learning about the sexual and romantic lives of trans and gender diverse people:” Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, University of New South Wales, Sydney.(2018) https://www.tgdsexualhealth.com/ Full report: https://www.tgdsexualhealth.com/s/ATGD-Sexual-Health-Survey-Report_v7.pdf Bogi “Takács PERSON, 100% migráncs @bogiperson” posts occasional Twitter threads with tips on trans representation in writing. Their intro: “I both edit and review a lot of trans-related fiction. I edited Transcendent 2: The Year’s Best Transgender Speculative Fiction 2016 (#Lammys winner) and the upcoming Transcendent 3 too. :)” So far they have covered Writing thread! Introducing trans and/or intersex characters – some common and less common pitfalls! Worldbuilding thread! Some pitfalls related to shapeshifting, gender, and trans people. Worldbuilding thread! How (not) to include trans people as background characters – some common mistakes. Threads archived at: [ https://threadreaderapp.com/user/bogiperson ] “The “deception” that the straight male subjectivity fears is not present upon the body of the otokonoko but within the emotional complexity of interaction” On the fantastic representation of faux-trans* characters as fetish: The Japanese Josou/ otokonoko genre essays by Jaren L/ erodatabaseanimal from the defunct Girl Cartoons blog : “Josou, a discussion – Part 1: Josou, fetishism and gender identity” http://erodatabaseanimal.tumblr.com/post/814768641/ https://web.archive.org/web/20100920200856/http://8c.dasaku.net/?p=13 “Josou, a discussion – Part 2: What is the appeal of pontificating on the appeal of traps?” http://8c.dasaku.net/?p=56 “Josou, a discussion – Part 3: Josou Sanmyaku and the otokonoko’s will to power” http://8c.dasaku.net/?p=72 “Josou, a discussion – Part 4: Otokonoko as surrogate victim” “Josou, a discussion – Part 5: Boku no Pico as progenitor of the otokonoko” http://8c.dasaku.net/?p=96 The Japanese Wikipedia entry for “Otokonoko” is surprisingly detailed, if not completely amenable to machine translation: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/男の娘 Are Otaku and Fujoshi/ Fudanshi more progressive towards minority sexualities and gender expressions? “Otaku Culture and Its Discontents” A Record of Talk Delivered at “The Colloquium in Visual and Cultural Studies” by Takahiro Ueda, （October 17, 2007, University of Rochester） http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/lt/rb/623/623PDF/ueda.pdf The classic Laura Mulvey Male Gaze piece: “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” (1975) [http://www.asu.edu/courses/fms504/total-readings/mulvey-visualpleasure.pdf] and [http://www.virginiabonner.com/courses/cms4320/readings/mulveystudyguide.html] and: [https://www.academia.edu/3071544/Entry_on_Laura_Mulvey_Visual_Pleasure_and_Narrative_Cinema_1975_] On losing the lead role: “What to do when you’re not the hero any more” by Laurie Penny, The New Statesman http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/film/2015/12/what-do-when-youre-not-hero-any-more Japanese women’s executives and their after-work culture: “License to drink’: White-collar female workers and Japan’s urban night space” by Swee-Lin Ho, National University of Singapore (2015) http://profile.nus.edu.sg/fass/sochsl/ho%20license%20to%20drink%20egy2015.pdf Another from the same researcher, which further examines friendship among businesswomen has an edge; “Tokyo at 10: establishing difference through the friendship networks of women executives in Japan“, Swee-Lin Ho (2012) http://profile.nus.edu.sg/fass/sochsl/Tokyo%20at%2010%20JRAI2012.pdf Profile and links to other journal articles by Dr. Swee-Lin Ho: http://profile.nus.edu.sg/fass/sochsl/stf_sochsl.htm Stop using queer folk as disposable characters to spice up your lame story: “I Don’t Want Your Queer Tragedy: A Parable” (MARCH 25, 2016) by Merc Rustadin http://amercrustad.com/2016/03/25/i-dont-want-your-queer-tragedy-a-parable/ “Why Jason Rothenberg’s apology fell flat with The 100’s fans and the real lessons to learn” (Sun, Mar 27, 2016 8:43am) by Dany Roth http://www.blastr.com/2016-3-27/why-jason-rothenbergs-apology-fell-flat-100s-fans-and-real-lessons-learn Herbivore Men: An important primary source for the Japanese popular discourse on “Herbivore Men”, ca 2005. Now translated and open source on the author’s web site: “Confessions of a Frigid Man: A Philosopher’s Journey into the Hidden Layers of Men’s Sexuality” by Masahiro Morioka‏ http://www.philosophyoflife.org/tpp/frigid.pdf Why Japanese copyright case-law makes for all those vague references to real-life people and brands How Yukio Mishima messed it up for everybody: http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2016/02/13/books/book-reviews/after-the-banquet/ Real-life Japanese High School Blues “The Making of Japan’s New Working Class: “Freeters” and the Progression From Middle School to the Labor Market” by David H. Slater http://www.japanfocus.org/-david_h_-slater/3279 Fun stuff: “Even a monkey can understand fan activism: Political speech, artistic expression, and a public for the Japanese dôjin community” by Alex Leavitt and Andrea Horbinski The HelloDamage blog goes on a fine tear: “The mother of all Japanthropology posts” (2013) http://www.hellodamage.com/top/2013/02/15/the-mother-of-all-japanthropology-posts/ Their Walls are Built of Cannon Balls: Nothing to do with Genshiken, gender, sexuality or manga, anime, games or anything but obsessive hobby-horsing. This New York Times photographic history essay remains an all-time high water mark for obsessive weirdness. You must read it. Note as well the comments sections. Then burn incense to your gods that you never becomes as possessed as this – or that you do: “Which Came First, the Chicken or the Egg? (Part One)” by Errol Morris (Sept 25, 2007) The New York Times. https://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/09/25/which-came-first-the-chicken-or-the-egg-part-one/ https://morris.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/04/which-came-first-part-two/ https://morris.blogs.nytimes.com/2007/10/23/which-came-first-part-three-can-george-lionel-and-marmaduke-help-us-order-the-fenton-photographs/ Notable manga: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujoshi_Rumi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuragehime (xdress x fujoshi) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonari_no_801-chan (fujoshi – advanced research, due to confusing proliferation of spin-offs.) Watashi ga Motete Dousunda (yuri, fujoshi, reverse harem) (Correspondent and guest essayist Asandyrabbit argues convincingly that the mangaka, a self-professed fujoshi herself, includes some of the most realistic representations of fujoshi fanning-out/ practice ever put into a manga) Girl Saurus/ Girl Saurus X http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Girls_Saurus (harem, some fujoshi – notable for the yaoi/fujoshi attack chapter ‘fermented saurus’ ) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aoi_Hana (yuri) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasameki_Koto (yuri) Usotsuki Lily http://www.mangaupdates.com/series.html?id48916 (xdress comedy) Tripeace http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripeace (xdress action comedy -no english wiki entry, use xlate) More Academics – social studies, etc. around Japan: http://intersections.anu.edu.au/ http://mechademia.org/2011/05/hello-world/ http://www.japanfocus.org/ http://neojaponisme.com/2009/07/14/azuma-hiroki-on-postmodernism/ http://japattack.com/japattack/newiframe/newjapattack/culture/moe.html Tokyo Scum Brigade: http://tokyoscum.blogspot.com Tokyo Damage Report: http://www.hellodamage.com/top/ The Pay Sucks: “An Industry Awaiting Reform: The Social Origins and Economics of Manga and Animation in Postwar Japan” by Oguma Eiji, Translation by Yokota Kayoko http://apjjf.org/2017/09/Oguma.html See also selected works on the Asia Pacific Journal Japan Focus http://apjjf.org/-Oguma-Eiji A review of his signature works on the changing nature of Japanese Nationalism, pre- and post- WWII collected in the English A Genealogy of “Japanese” Self-Images. (2002) “Oguma Eiji and the Construction of the Modern Japanese National Identity” by David Askew https://academic.oup.com/ssjj/article-pdf/4/1/111/4626981/040111.pdf Notable miscellany: “The Potter of Bones” by Eleanor Arnason, (because I have a weakness for Lesbian -furry- sci-fi with hidden barbs at theological bigots) http://www.asimovs.com/_issue_0401/bones.shtml Now only a preview. Full version via the wayback machine: http://web.archive.org/web/20080623191628/http://www.asimovs.com/_issue_0401/bones.shtml “The Sirens and Feminine Jouissance” by Renata Salecl, in “differences Volume 9, Number 1” at http://timothyquigley.net/vcs/salecl-sirens.html For a really interesting view of property ‘law”/ rights from a feminist perspective that whacks Hegel and all manner of Lacanishness together for fun and insight. See: “The Vestal and the Fasces: Hegel, Lacan, Property, and the Feminine” by Jeanne L. Schroeder, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998. http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft0q2n99qh/ http://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft0q2n99qh&chunk.id=d0e513&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e513&brand=ucpress “With or Without Lacan? Becoming-Woman between the Language of Organs and the Anorganism of Language” by Stevie Schmiedel In: theory@buffalo issue 8: deleuze and feminism [2003] Barish Ali and Alla Ivanchikova, eds. http://wings.buffalo.edu/theory/archive/archive.html Get the whole issue- http://wings.buffalo.edu/theory/archive/t@b8.pdf‎ In the same journal:”The Female Spectator’s Laughter: Anti-Oedipus to Free Female Spectatorship” by Ilaria Serra. Another summary article: “Becomings and Goings and Something Called Woman” has a good roundup of feminist theory responses to the Deleuze /Guattari “becoming woman” thing. I note that film theory folks in particular seem to have a real strong taste for this stuff. The multiple shifting points of view in film lend themselves to the fracture/ expansion of subjectivities. See: http://www.ambiguousmedia.net/something-called-woman/ Through Western Eyes: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_(genre) http://boards.4chan.org/u/ (4 chan’s Yuri board CAUTION: often extreme content) http://boards.4chan.org/y/ (4 chan’s Yaoi board CAUTION: often extreme content) http://www.kekkai.org/sabina/NnY/nonfiction/essays.html http://918thefan.com/2010/tempests-downpour-why-women-want-yaoi/ http://www.afeministotaku.com/ http://community.feministing.com/2009/04/20/youre_a_woman_who_likes_what/ http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/954303/why_do_women_like_yaoi_.html?cat=9 http://theyaoireview.wordpress.com/yaoi-resources/ http://theyaoireview.wordpress.com/2010/05/27/its-that-time-again-why-some-women-like-yaoi/ http://www.bukisa.com/people/yaoipress http://www.bukisa.com/articles/66044_educational-a-theory-on-why-women-like-yaoi A bunch of western rotten girls self-define in a wiki format page: http://fetishfuel.wikia.com/wiki/Yaoi_Fangirl http://kristysrpgmaker2000.tripod.com/whatis.html http://www.mangablog.net/?p=576 http://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20101008044921AAw2AEU ( Guys and girls, why do women like yaoi?) http://www.japansubculture.com/2011/08/going-through-the-motions-in-the-great-happiness-space/ (re: comment section, physical labor = hunky guy. high status = Bishie) “Bringing Smexy Back: Fangirl Production, AMVs, and Transgressive Sexuality” by Elizabeth Birmingham http://fansconf.a-kon.com/dRuZ33A/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Bringing-Smexy-Back-by-Elizabeth-Birmingham.pdf A much refered to “primer” for newbie western rotten girls – a typology of how sex works in a yaoi sex scene: “That Japanese BL Scene Page“ http://ggymeta.wordpress.com/fandom/that-japanese-bl-sex-scene-page/ blog now defunct, see the archive.org backup at: http://web.archive.org/web/20081222062411/http://ggymeta.wordpress.com/that-japanese-bl-sex-scene-page/ The Aestheticism archives and others: …which turns out just to be a reworking of this earlier article at the long defunct Aestheticism fan site, “Yaoi Field Guide (what comes of reading too many djs and BBGs)” archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/20080907090527/http://www.aestheticism.com/visitors/editor/jeanne/yaoifieldguide/yaoifieldguide.htm More by the same correspondent: ca 2000: “10 things she do like about Yaoi” (excellent!) http://web.archive.org/web/20080820030543/http://www.aestheticism.com/visitors/editor/jeanne/10_things/index.htm A reply: “The Top Ten Things I Hate About Yaoi Fandom” http://web.archive.org/web/20011218002232/http://www.kekkai.org/psuzan/writing/yaoitopten.html All of noted ca 2000 era blogger Mary Jeanne Johnson‘s writings on the site: http://web.archive.org/web/20080723192026/http://www.aestheticism.com/visitors/editor/jeanne/index.htm The current whereabouts of alias M.J.Johnson are unknown; she stopped posting after 2003-4 and vanished. One suggestion is that she moved to Tokyo and became an editor. Another argument for Comiket being fen driven: “Aniparo to Yaoi (Animation parody and Yaoi) by Mari Nishimura” Reviewed by EmiA http://web.archive.org/web/20061220065114/http://www.aestheticism.com/visitors/editor/guests/aniparo_to_yaoi/index.htm 2008 vintage bibliography on western fujoshi fanning over y/bl: “Meandering thoughts: The Fujoshi” by dcal (January 15, 2008) http://berribunzstudio.wordpress.com/2008/01/15/meandering-thoughts-the-fujoshi/ from 2002, on the growing popularity of the genre, an essay by M. J. Johnson: “A Brief History of Yaoi” http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/may02/ao_0502_4.shtml archived: https://web.archive.org/web/20041225051411/http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/may02/ao_0502_4.shtml M. J. Johnson interviewed about her early fan translations: http://www.sequentialtart.com/archive/may02/johnson.shtml The entire May 2002 issue (and much more!) of Sequential Tart is available through their archived issues: http://www.sequentialtart.com/archives.php from there Google site search operators can help you waste hours doing early fan archeology ie: https://www.google.com/search?q=site:sequentialtart.com++yaoi “Guys on Guys for Girls, Yaoi and Shounen Ai” by Dani Fletcher. Sequential Tart, May 2002 “Yaoi Roundup” by Dani Fletcher. Sequential Tart, May 2002 “Online Yaoi Resources” by April Gutierrez, Sequential Tart, May 2002 “Yaoi and Anime Conventions” by April Gutierrez, Sequential Tart, May 2002 “The Yaoi Fangirl Way of Knowledge, Part 1: My Girlfriend’s a Geek vs. Fujoshi Rumi” by Margaret O’Connell (June 21, 2010) http://www.sequentialtart.com/article.php?id=1740 The famous essay by “Audrey Lemon”: “How Slash Saved Me” http://web.archive.org/web/20021124081322/http://www.goodgirl.ca/how%20slash%20saved%20me.html “YOUR MOTHER IS A FUJOSHI!” essay on the blog Reverse Thieves (December 22, 2008) https://reversethieves.com/2008/12/22/your-mother-is-a-fujoshi/ On appropriating shonen manga: Translation of a Chinese rotten girl’s thoughts on jump circa 2006-7 “Shonen Jump and Yaoi/BL Fans, Part 1” (2006-08-24) http://comipress.com/article/2006/08/24/624 http://comipress.com/article/2007/01/01/1263 From Khursten Santos at Otaku Champloo on Shonen Jump, part of a 4-part series: “A history of the fujoshi love affair with Jump” (January 12, 2008) http://www.punkednoodle.com/champloo/2008/01/12/a-history-of-the-fujoshi-love-affair-with-jump/ Fan Survey and Research Initiatives: FANSPLAINING’S [http://fansplaining.com/] surveys [http://fansplaining.com/projects] The Fandom Tropes Survey: “More than 7,500 fanfiction readers filled out the Fansplaining Fic Preferences Survey. What can we learn from the results?” “Summary: Five Tropes Fanfic Readers Love (And One They Hate)” https://medium.com/fansplaining/five-tropes-fanfic-readers-love-and-one-they-hate-73843372408c Discussion on Tumblr: http://fansplaining.com/post/152424517233/five-tropes-fanfic-readers-love-and-one-they The Definitions Survey: ” In spring 2017, we held a major survey of individuals’ definitions of the word “fanfiction” (as well as several other topics). Preliminary results: https://medium.com/fansplaining/towards-a-definition-of-fanfiction-178d4c681289 International Anime Research Project [https://sites.google.com/site/animeresearch/] Past results: https://sites.google.com/site/animeresearch/past-results THREE PATCH Fandom and Sexuality Survey I never relayed a call for this one; just recently heard of it, but it an interesting take on western-anglo fandoms (Sherlock, etc) Main page: http://three-patch.com/sexsurvey/ Going back through this blog, I see that 2 other surveys posted here failed to report their findings in an “open” format. From now on, If you want a mention of your survey call, you better promise to release the findings in an open, available format. How to survive Comiket: Nele Noppe’s ca. 2011 tips on how to navigate comiket: “Comiket report, part 1_ The basics, the catalog, and keeping things fannish” http://unjapanologist.dreamwidth.org/33967.html “Comiket report, part 2_ Finding the way, fun with crowds and queues, and Snape-spotting” The (free) Online Catalog. Start here, engage web translator: https://webcatalog.circle.ms/ A shout-out to this 2008 guide to ‘Ket. At least it has a useful map: “Ticktank’s English Guide to Comiket (コミケット) Part 3: Navigation” https://ticktank.wordpress.com/2008/08/31/ticktanks-english-guide-to-comiket-part-iii-navigation/ “Dōjin Circle Numbers Reveal Top Series at Comiket 89” posted on 2015-12-28 14:45 EST by Lynzee Loveridge, Anime News Network. http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/interest/2015-12-28/dojin-circle-numbers-reveal-top-series-at-comiket-89/.97017 Based on material from this Japanese blog: http://blog.esuteru.com/archives/8451085.html “I tried to investigate the secondary creation popularity of Comiket and pixiv (Comic Market 89)” : http://ascii.jp/elem/000/001/094/1094861/ ‘Interview: The Making of Comiket, World’s Largest Comic Event’ By Kevin W in Kaori Nusantara / The Indonesian Anime Times (August 23, 2017) https://www.kaorinusantara.or.id/english/6682/interview-the-making-of-comiket-worlds-largest-comic-event How to score Takarazuka Revue tickets when in Tokyo: Buy official Taka Tix online in English for the tokyo stage https://sell.pia.jp/inbound/selectTicket.php?eventCd=1608718&rlsCd=008&langCd=eng http://okazu.yuricon.com/2016/07/17/interview-with-former-takararisienne-ako-dachs/#comment-122154 Limited SRO tickets for each show; works by pre-registered que number and even those sell on yahoo. However: hanging around the ticket office during a matinee might be your last chance to see a show, standing, leaning up against a railing at the very topmost aisle of the top balcony. Emergency testosterone restoration: “Diggy Diggy Hole – 10 Hours [1080p]” A fan-created song based on Minecraft lore. https://youtu.be/FYK6_iG_yqI	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17000
__label__cc	0.527929	0.472071	September 30th, 2009 / 8:58 pm Ken Baumann ‘Let’s take a nap from books’ Wednesday Someone put a computer in a dead beaver. Smarter monkeys have few close friends and a lot of acquaintances. Someone made an iPhone game based on Daniel Johnston. Did I mention that someone put a computer in a dead beaver? Michael Schaub A Very Brief History of the Nobel Prize in Literature King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, who gives out the Nobel Prizes. He's kind of handsome, right? Got that "silver fox" thing going on. When the winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature is announced next month, he or she will join a club more exclusive than just about any other in the world. You know those clubs at Ivy League schools, with names like “The Scone and Pudding Society,” where it’s a bunch of white guys who dress in costumes and make up silly songs and photograph each other naked? And how, you know, the members are, against all odds, actually proud of being in it? Instead of feeling kind of dirty and ashamed? Even more exclusive than that. One thing’s for sure: Of all the 105 women and men who have won this prestigious award, none of them will ever be forgotten. Except for most of them. After the jump, we take a look at some of the past winners, and how they changed…the very world itself. Except for the ones who didn’t. Which, like I said, is a lot of them. Random & Web Hype / 50 Comments Blake Butler— Interesting article by John Berry in the Baltimore City Paper questioning the merits of teaching Joyce’s ‘The Dead’, leading into a larger discussion of what the fuck short stories are supposed to be for anyway. The news teaches me something about writing. Today, the Russians launched a clown into space. He’s the first space clown, ever. The clown paid $35 million to go into space, where he intends to publicize the world’s dwindling supply of clean water. From a news perspective, this story is just full of hooks. First clown in space. Paid $35 million dollars. Millionaire clown. Buying your way into space. It’s just—well, the clean water thing. It’s one hook too many. His clean water awareness mission is entirely buried by the fact that he’s the first millionaire clown to buy his way to the international space station. He’s going to be a sad clown. Swimming in polluted water. I can’t tell you how many stories I’ve read that seemed to me to be a bunch of quirky ideas thrown together, as if the writer was hoping one would really stick. I can’t tell you how many times those stories have been MY stories. Don’t do it, everybody. Don’t bury the point with your ideas. They’ll tempt you. They do that. (Prize for the first commenter to identify the image above. And not just who it is. Why it is appropriate, too.) Craft Notes / 18 Comments September 30th, 2009 / 12:44 pm Ryan Call— You drunks might be interested in this call for submissions to the Definitive Drinker’s Dictionary. (via Melville House) What isn’t ‘human’? What I Hear You Saying Is That My Writing Sucks In the June 2009 issue of College Composition and Communication, Rosalie Morales Kearns wrote an article about the creative writing workshop in which she critiques the traditional workshop (as normative, exclusionary, and focused on fault-finding) and asserts we must rethink the format of the workshop for it to serve as a productive, inclusive experience. Changes she suggests include lifting the “gag rule” so authors can talk about their writing as it is being critiqued, the use of writing exercises, and studying published works because “students are much more accustomed to approaching published texts as literature students rather than as creative writers.” September 30th, 2009 / 9:00 am Author Spotlight & Reviews Adam Robinson Sean Lovelace Is the Server Working Now I think Sean Lovelace’s blog is hilarious and always spot on. His writing there makes me not hate runners as much. Like when he did the airforce marathon, I thought that was a fascinating and rugged bit of literary essay. I also think he thinks that how a thing is said matters more than what that said thing is. That’s a smart rule, a top ten rule, one that can’t be made too elastic. I mean, really, I don’t know him at all so there’s not much reason for me to care about his running habits, impressive though they are, or his disc golf hobby, whatever that is, or how much he likes hot dogs and thinks they are the greatest food on the planteen. But since, blogwise, he often opts to invent a phrase like “hang something all oyster” rather than to further explain a point that is (maybe) clear enough or (maybe) less valuable than the vim of the saying or (maybe) whatever — since that — then I’m piqued and I have a reason to care about all the else, the running and deer hunting and whatever hippy hobby he has. He can’t, thank heavens, go a blog-sentence without ending awonk. A paragraph like this gives the reader a lot of credit and gives him the opportunity to use language like paint: . . . I ate my pre-race meal, a mixture of liquids and gels and potato chips and solvents and Near Beer and oil additives. My body felt like a Global Hawk. My stomach did the cloud-cover, the sandstorm. I then descended into the arms of Morpheus. That excerpt starts with lucid detail then crashes another party. This is the reading eye I brought to his chapbook, How Some People Like Their Eggs, fresh from the Rose Metal Press skillet. How does it measure up? Sam Pink— how do you feel about readings fees. i think i understand them, i mean they make sense when explained as a way to make money, but i also seem to think they make whoever is charging them seem almost annoyed and like, forced to do what they’re doing. what is the highest reading fee you have paid.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17006
__label__wiki	0.691398	0.691398	Our dislike of Senator McCain’s positions is real and visceral. The Problem with John McCain mmorgan Many of my fellow talk-show hosts and conservative friends such as Ann Coulter, Michelle Malkin, Rush Limbaugh, Sean Hannity and Mark Levin are deeply disturbed by the possibility that Senator John McCain may become the next presidential nominee of the Republican Party. Our dislike of Senator McCain’s positions is real and visceral. Just a few of their comments are enough to illustrate the depth of our feelings toward McCain: Levin: “… I have to say that I fear a McCain candidacy. He would be an exceedingly poor choice as the Republican nominee for president.” Malkin: “He is an expert at filibustering and he is an expert at crooked talk. He talks a smooth game about how, of course, he supports our immigration laws but at the same time John McCain’s embrace of his immigration advisor Juan Hernandez is giving conservatives heartburn. Hernandez had served as a Mexican cabinet official under Vicente Fox where he worked diligently to do nothing but undermine sovereignty and our laws.” Coulter: “Republicans who vote for McCain are trying to be cute, like the Democrats were four years ago by voting for the ‘pragmatic’ candidate, Vietnam vet John Kerry. This will turn out to be precisely as clever a gambit as nominating Kerry was, the brilliance of which was revealed on Election Day 2004.” We conservatives will find it exceedingly difficult to motor to the polls if McCain is the nominee. We appreciate his valor, service and honor as the only Presidential candidate who served in the U.S. military. He fought valiantly for the United States in Vietnam, an unpopular war, and stayed strong under brutal attack by our enemies. Sen. McCain is a true wartime hero whom we will never forget. But that does not entitle Sen. McCain to our trust or support in his run for the presidency. But, as we learned with former Sen. Bob Dole, the American people want more than a war hero to lead our country. We need somebody who is level-headed on the big issues: immigration, the war against radical Muslim jihadists, (which goes far beyond the “surge”) the economy, taxation, threats of government-run health care, and the man made issue of global warming. Did I mention immigration? Sen. McCain’s personality may be his biggest problem. He is too quick to play bipartisan polka with liberals like Sen. Ted Kennedy when he should be holding the line for common sense conservatism. Instead of slapping the backs of those who nod with approval as illegal aliens flood over our borders, Sen. McCain should have been building walls to keep the intruders out. Immigration is the foremost reason why conservatives part company with John McCain. McCain’s campaign partnership with a former spokesman for Mexico’s president sends a clear message that a President McCain would welcome anybody who busts into our country illegally instead of sending them home. It is a scary, dangerous position. McCain-style open-border policies would allow terrorists, already known to cross our porous borders, to walk in without challenge. Immigration, of course, isn’t the only McCain position that fires up conservatives. McCain-Feingold restricted First Amendment rights. Then there was the McCain-Kennedy education fiasco. As a conservative, I flinch anytime I hear of a new piece of legislation that begins with the name McCain. The American people have very little tolerance for bad immigration policy. I learned this firsthand from my personal experience as “The Mother of the Recall,” a nick-name I earned from movement conservatives for my role in initiating the recall of then-Gov. Gray Davis of California. Voters rallied around Republican-led efforts to throw Davis out of office. One of the biggest motivators was his support for driver’s licenses for illegal aliens. We got rid of Davis, but then came time for choosing from 28 other candidates on the ballot. The GOP loved state Sen. Tom McClintock, the principled conservative with a proven track record of reform, but instead chose Arnold Schwarzenegger because of their concerns about McClintock’s ‘electability.’ What did California get for the big ‘win’? A 14 billion dollar deficit, his advocacy for business-crippling regulations backed by the phony junk science of man-made climate change, and bad policy on, you guessed it, illegal immigration. Is it a coincidence that Arnold Schwarzenkennedy endorses John McCain? A close friend of mine coined the expression “Open a vein before you vote McCain.” He says it, of course, with the greatest affection for the good Senator – and the staggering fear of him carrying the GOP mantle into November’s campaign. Conservatives oppose McCain because of the long-term damage done to the party by his defining it as a pro-amnesty, environmental extremist, high tax, high regulation, and liberal judge party. As conservatives we can not endorse this. Ironically, at the end of Schwarzenkennedy’s first administration, the California State GOP is broke. In debt. And with no future viability for perhaps decades to come. John McCain may very well do the same for the Grand Old Party if he is our next nominee. [Correction: an earlier version of this article misquoted Michelle Malkin as having said that McCain had served as a Mexican cabinet official. We regret the error; Ed.] Democratic Stalemate Clinton Plays the Race Card Written By mmorgan Ms. Morgan co-host of the Lee Rodgers and Melanie Morgan show on Talk Radio KSFO San Francisco, which is the highest rated morning drive talk show in the Bay Area. She's been referred to as the "Mother of the Recall" for having launched the recall of Gray Davis, California's former governor and is chairwoman and co-founder of Move America Forward, the largest pro-troops, pro-American grassroots group in the country.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17008
__label__cc	0.708261	0.291739	This Is Way Bigger Than Rush admin- The Democrats, along with those on the right who seem more worried about incurring the disdain of the wrongheaded left than of their fellow patriots, are feverishly promoting their Saul Alinsky-inspired scheme to demonize and divide their most effective political opponents. What would be amusing, were matters not so gravely serious today, is the utter juvenile transparency in the liberals’ efforts to vilify Rush Limbaugh. They’ve been doing it for 20 years, but this time, they’re better-organized and have a broader purpose. So those who haven’t had the courage to stand by him should understand that Rush is not the ultimate target here. We all are — those, that is, who oppose their Marxist agenda and Stalinist tactics. Have you noticed their coordinated effort to label Rush the leader of the Republican Party? Do you think it’s accidental that James Carville so describes him? Do you think it’s just coincidental that Obama called Rush out personally and that the entire flock of mainstream media sheep followed suit? Is it just serendipitous that liberal Chris Matthews baits his guests nightly to castigate Rush? Is it fortuitous that Obama’s, er, ABC’s George Stephanopoulos demands his guests, such as Republican Rep. Eric Cantor, to either defend or denounce Rush? But again, they’re not just after Rush. They want to destroy the Republican brand — as if they need any help doing that. Rush is the target because he represents the real opposition. He’s the leading voice for those who are really standing up for America and its founding ideals. Too much of our opposition is nominal only. Too much of our opposition is unaware we’re in a war for the very survival of those precious principles. While some Republican leaders have refused to join in the White House-orchestrated condemnation of Rush, a number of others haven’t been so bold, presumably preferring to retain their credentials in polite/elitist society or afraid to incur the left’s wrath. No, let Rush have that all by himself. Memo to the feckless on the right: When Rush said he hopes Obama fails, his meaning was very clear. He believes the abundantly obvious truth that Obama is trying to restructure America in the image of the central planners and social nihilists: a radical growth in government and consequent reduction in the private sector and individual liberty, a radical relaxation in the war on terror and other national security imperatives, a radical push to diminish American sovereignty in favor of global entities on environmental matters and in deference to United Nations mandates on such distinctly internal matters as how parents raise their children, a radical empowerment of labor unions, a radical boost to the radical pro-abortion industry and death culture, a radical homosexual agenda, and, ultimately, the abject bankruptcy of America. Rush wants Obama to fail in his unabashed efforts to permanently turn this center-right nation radically toward the left. He does not want America to fail. Rush is unabashedly rooting for America. And anyone with the slightest ability or moral clarity to make mental distinctions understands this. Yet many have deliberately twisted Rush’s meaning to suggest that he wants America, under Obama’s presidency, to fail. The dirty little secret is that many of the liberals making this specious argument are the very people who truly were rooting for America to fail when George W. Bush was president. They were rooting for us to lose the war in Iraq. Harry Reid declared the war lost, you may recall. And they were talking down the economy, even when it was humming. These liberals are simply projecting their deplorable mindset onto Rush and other conservatives. Because they wanted America to fail under Bush, they just assume Rush and other conservatives want America to fail under Obama. Nothing could be farther from the truth. So those of you on the right who are refusing to defend Rush by making this obvious distinction better wake up. The people on the left making this point are the same ones who slandered President Bush by saying he started the Iraq war for oil or that he intentionally delayed federal aid to New Orleans’ Katrina victims because a disproportionate number of them were African-Americans. Destructive, libelous rubbish! It’s time for you sycophants to understand who is trying to stand up for the America we believe in and that your sycophancy only enables those whose agenda cannot succeed without silencing the effective opposition. Remember: To liberals, this isn’t just about Rush — not even close. It’s about you, me and anyone else who loves and defends those things — the Constitution, family values, the unique American culture, etc. — that make America unique. It’s time you represented the opposition, too, and directed your outrage at those who would use the full power of government to target individuals, whether they be Rush Limbaugh or Joe the Plumber. Obama Economics Worse than Bush The Court’s One-Two Punch Written By admin- ‘IS THIS THING ON?’ Parler’s website back online after Big Tech blackout hiatus	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17009
__label__wiki	0.738292	0.738292	When tolerance as a value trumps conscience, onlookers become paralyzed in the presence of depraved acts. Moral Relativism and a Nation of Bystanders to Evil Gary Bauer Politically, Americans are more engaged than at any time in at least a generation. Voter turnout rates have been climbing for 15 years. The Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street movements attest to Americans’ increasing unwillingness to sit on the political sidelines. Direct civic participation is up. But on an personal level, we are becoming a nation of bystanders, less willing than ever to get involved in one another’s lives—even when horrific crimes are taking place. Last week in Maryland, a jury convicted Brittany Norwood of first-degree murder in the gruesome killing of a co-worker at an upscale yoga clothing store in Bethesda, Md. Norwood attacked co-worker Jayna Murray one night last March. No motive was ever presented, but the murder happened after an argument over some merchandise at the store. According to expert testimony, over the course of about 15 minutes, Norwood inflicted hundreds of wounds with a variety of weapons, including a hammer, knife, wrench, rope and metal peg—all as Murray screamed, moaned and begged for help. In New York City last week, a woman was struck outside a Target store by a shopping cart thrown from a parking lot four stories above. The alleged assailants were two 12-year-old boys who, according to media reports, were telling jokes and laughing with each other after they were taken into custody. “They were just doing it for fun,” a police officer said of the alleged crime. And in Philadelphia last week, a fourth defendant plead guilty to third-degree murder charges as part of the case against abortionist Kermit Gosnell. Gosnell ran a notorious abortion facility, where, according to a grand jury report, he “regularly and illegally delivered live, viable babies in the third trimester of pregnancy—and then murdered these newborns by severing their spinal cords with scissors.” Gosnell is also charged with the murders of two women under his care who died from botched abortions. Gosnell and 10 employees are also charged with more than a dozen other crimes, including violations of the Controlled Substances Act, perjury, abuse of corpses, conspiracy, and corruption of minors. All of these crimes are shocking in their own way. But what’s most striking is that in each case bystanders—and even those whose job it was to respond—had a chance to act but chose to do nothing. Two employees of the Apple store next door to the yoga shop could clearly hear what was happening as Norwood savagely murdered Murray. They later testified they heard screaming, grunting, thuds, high-pitched squealing and “hysterical noises” through the wall. The Apple manager even asked another employee to walk over to the wall to listen, just to be certain of what she was hearing. The manager testified that she clearly heard someone cry, “Talk to me. Don’t do this.” At that point, the employee said, “There were some more sounds, kind of, screams, yelps, yells.” Then some time passed, and he heard, “Stop, stop, stop,” and “Oh God, stop. … God help me. Please help me.” Surely someone at the Apple store could have called 911. Unfortunately, there is no app for courage or conscience. They did nothing. Neither did the Apple store security guard, who was listening to music on headphones. In the Target store incident, the alleged assailants had been seen dropping objects onto customers before they moved on to heaving the shopping cart. According to media reports, an employee at the scene had earlier called Target about the boys throwing Slurpees onto customers, but was ignored. She said she was told by Target security officials that they did not handle anything outside of their door. Health officials had known about the deplorable conditions in Gosnell’s abortion mill for years but did nothing. So had the National Abortion Federation, which rejected Gosnell’s application for membership but did not report him to authorities. In fact, the abortion violations were discovered only when the FBI raided Gosnell’s family-practice business one floor above the abortion mill. Agents showed up to investigate Gosnell for his alleged illegal prescription-drug activity. Only then did they stumble upon his abortion “house of horrors,” which contained fetal remains in bottles and bags strewn throughout a facility soaked in blood, dust and animal feces. I don’t mean to suggest that there aren’t many cases in which bystanders bravely intervene when a crime is occurring. But studies using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey find that most violent victimizations include the presence of bystanders who do nothing. This shouldn’t surprise us. In a culture that instructs us to leave our religious and moral beliefs at the door, we cannot be shocked when people shed their consciences at the door too. Before a person can stand up to evil, he must first acknowledge that it exists. But surveys of college students reveal how deeply our culture and institutions indoctrinate our children with moral relativism. Most grow up believing that tolerance and diversity, and individual choice and privacy, are our highest ideals. Tolerance and diversity are valuable. But they are no substitute for authentic virtue. And they rarely inspire people to risk their well-being to help those in need. Greek Prime Minister Papandreou Wins Confidence Vote, Then Resigns Guatemala Elects Former Military Man to President Written By Gary Bauer Former presidential candidate Mr. Gary Bauer is president of American Values and chairman of the Campaign for Working Families. To Tell The Truth: Major News Outlets Refuse to Cover “Inconvenient Truths” Relating to COVID-19 Biden’s Pick for Assistant Health Secretary, Dr. Rachel Levine, Required PA Nursing Homes to Admit COVID Positive Residents Amid Wildfire of Infection Democrats Fear Inauguration Violence: They Are Subject Matter Experts Trump’s 1776 Commission Calls for National Unity Around America’s Core Values: Equality, Liberty, Justice Thousands of Honduran Migrants Move into Guatemala On Their Way to US, Biden Says Don’t Come…Yet	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17010
__label__cc	0.714569	0.285431	Manchester milkshake and burger bar Archie’s has opened in the Arndale By Lee Bennett Sweet toothed Mancs are in for a huge treat this week as popular American-style milkshake diner Archie’s has opened up shop inside Manchester Arndale’s newly revamped Halle Square. The brand, which regularly makes headlines due to its huge celeb following, first opened on Oxford Road in 2010, followed by a second venue three years later. Now the popular milkshake venue, which has branches in Liverpool and Birmingham, has opened a third store here in Manchester – meaning Arndale shoppers can get their fix from the city’s cult diner. Archie’s opened yesterday in the Arndale’s new Halle Square area alongside some of the shopping centre’s newest and quirkiest eating and drinking hotspots. Since then, people have been queueing up around the clock to get their hands on some Archie’s goodness. The new venue is Archie’s biggest outlet in Manchester and boasts its signature pink and white decor, with plenty of neon signage and flatscreen menu boards displaying what the venue has to offer. With spacious booths and lots of seating areas, there’s plenty of space to nip in on your lunch break and fully indulge in one of Archie’s creations. And with an eye catching display of just about every single chocolate bar and sweet brand you can think of behind the counter, the only problem is deciding what to choose off the menu. The popular Manc-made business, which has been running in the city for over 10 years, is the brainchild of four brothers and actually started off as a carwash on Cheetham Hill. can’t go to Manchester without getting a shake @lovearchies 💕 A post shared by HEIR JORDYN (@jordynwoods) on Mar 30, 2019 at 11:26am PDT Past VIPs to frequent the quirky venue have included boxing champion Conor McGregor, international singing sensation Rita Ora, actor and comedian Kevin Hart, magician Dynamo, American rapper The Game – and most recently, former Kardashian BBF Jordyn Woods paid a visit to the venue while on a visit here. Some celebs have even created their own signature shakes which have been added to the Archies menu. And if you’re not a milkshake fan, don’t fret. Archie’s also offer a range of other tasty diner-style food and desserts. So you can chow down on some legendary burgers, including one with a pink – yes PINK – burger bun, chicken wings and wraps, with over eight different variations of fries to choose from. They regularly add unique creations to the menu so there’s always something new to try. Dessert-wise, you can sink your teeth into some mouth-watering fully loaded waffles with every topping imaginable, sundaes, smoothies and their own unique explosions. With their Arndale venue opening just last night – we know what we’re ordering for lunch today! Manchester Arndale 1 First St Bhaji Pala serving some of Manchester’s best curries – and it’s all completely vegan 2 Old Hall Road Tattu Restaurant and Bar Fusing beautiful and meaningful design with quality and innovative Chinese cooking Gartside Street	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17015
__label__wiki	0.801679	0.801679	What 2021 looks like for wellness travel India New England News - January 18, 2021 Air India commences non-stop Hyderabad-Chicago flights Travel India New England News - January 5, 2021 0 New York-- Do you travel frequently? If so, then there are chances that you are leading a much happier life than those who don't... India extends suspension of international flights till Jan 31, 2021 Travel India New England News - December 30, 2020 0 New Delhi-- India on Wednesday extended the suspension of scheduled commercial international flight operations to and from India till January 31. "This restriction shall not... New Year Resolutions: Make 2021 the year of adventure New Delhi--2021 brings with it the promise of a vaccine on the horizon, and a sense of freedom and adventure as the world is... United Airlines launches new daily Delhi-Chicago non-stop service New Delhi-- US-based United Airlines on Saturday launched its new daily non-stop service between Delhi and its hometown hub of Chicago. Accordingly, these daily flights will... American Airlines offers at-home Covid tests for US travel Travel India New England News - December 9, 2020 0 New York-- American Airlines is about to start offering at-home Covid-19 tests to domestic fliers in order to help them meet various state travel... US limits service animals on flights to dogs only Washington--Under a new regulation issued by the US Department of Transportation, airlines will no longer consider emotional support animals as service animals, limiting dogs... Air India to connect Bengaluru to San Francisco from Jan 2021 Travel India New England News - November 26, 2020 0 New Delhi--India's national carrier Air India is set to connect Bengaluru and San Francisco via a non-stop flight from 2021, the Kempegowda International Airport... Traveling From Boston: MarketPlace Logan Announces XpresCheck COVID-19 Testing Facility at Boston Logan International... Travel India New England News - October 15, 2020 0 BOSTON, MA – MarketPlace Logan, an affiliate of Boston-based New England Development and manager of the Boston Logan Concessions’ Program, announced that XpresSpa Group’s... India’s Ministry of Health Updates Guidelines for International Arrivals Travel India New England News - September 23, 2020 0 India's Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has updated the Guidelines for international arrivals in India. Per the announcement of the Ministry, here are... Hyderabad-Dubai reconnected as Emirates resumes flights Hyderabad--Hyderabad International Airport got re-connected with Dubai from Thursday under the 'air transport bubble' arrangement as part of India's efforts to re-start international air...	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17016
__label__wiki	0.793842	0.793842	You are in: > Home > Themes > Operations and Logistics What does the UK-EU post-Brexit trade deal mean in practice for ecommerce and multichannel retailers? Operations and Logistics30 Dec 2020by Chloe Rigby Image: Fotolia The House of Commons has now approved the zero tariff, zero quota trade deal agreed on Christmas Eve by the UK and the European Union – just in time for the end of the Brexit transition period tomorrow. Industry bodies including the British Retail Consortium and Logistics UK have welcomed the deal in principle but say they’ll be looking closely at the detail. Helen Dickinson, chief executive of the BRC, says: “After years of campaigning for zero-tariff trade, we welcome the announcement of a free-trade agreement between the UK and EU. This protects consumers on both sides of the Channel from billions in import tariffs on everyday goods. Given that four-fifths of UK food imports come from the EU, today’s announcement should afford households around the UK a collective sigh of relief. “The UK and EU Governments have taken a crucially important step in agreeing a zero-tariff agreement, to the benefit of customers all over Europe. They must now work to implement this new arrangement as soon as possible, ensuring there are no tariffs from Day 1, and finding new ways to reduce the checks and red tape that we’ll see from the 1st January. The BRC and the rest of the retail industry will be scrutinising the terms of this deal in the coming days.“ And Logistics UK group policy director Elizabeth de Jong says the zero-tariff deal removed the risk of tariffs being applied to almost every item imported from the EU - and the knock-on effect of price rises – and appeared also to avert threats to the supply chain. She says: “Logistics UK is urging traders to continue to get ready for new trading conditions as they were before, as the new trading relationship will still require many of the same preparations, not least the introduction of customs declarations and additional checks on food and livestock. Logistics UK is advising traders not leave paperwork to the last minute, or ignore it, as this will cause delays to journeys.” But what does the new Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the UK and the EU mean in practice for online and multichannel retailers? We take a look. Selling to the European Union EORI numbers Exporters from Great Britain to the EU will need an EORI number starting with the letters GB from January 1 – already previously needed to export to non-EU countries – to show they are a recognised trader. This, says Government guidance, is to help avoid increased costs and delays as their goods move through customs. A further EORI number starting with XI will also be needed to move goods between Northern Ireland and non-EU countries or to make a declaration or get a customs decision in Northern Ireland. Only traders who have an EORI number starting in GB can get one of those. Retailers shipping from Northern Ireland will only need an EORI number if they are exporting outside the EU. The UK government’s own information says the GB EORI number can take about a week to come through. Here’s the link to get it. From January 1 most goods being exported to the EU will attract a 0% UK VAT rate. Here’s the page to look at to check the exceptions. Instead, traders will have to pay import VAT when goods arrive at the destination country. VAT is dealt with by member states so retailers sending goods to customers in the EU will need to be aware of the different rules in each member state about whether import VAT will be liable at the border or whether the accounting of it can be deferred to the importer’s quarterly return. The EU has, as a result of Covid-19, delayed introducing a scheme that will require platforms to collect and account for VAT on behalf of sellers until July 1 – although, as detailed below – it comes into operation for those sending from the EU to UK from January 1. The free-trade deal struck between the UK and EU applies to goods mostly originating from the UK and EU. Where goods aren’t mostly from the UK or EU they are not covered under the deal so tariffs would be payable. So what counts? Government detailed guidance on the agreement struck says that goods must be either ‘wholly obtained’ from the UK or EU - so, entirely made in the UK from materials produced in the UK – or ‘substantially transformed’ in the UK or EU – in such a way that value is added through the production basis, the goods change tariff classification as a result, or that goods are made from specific products using specific processes covered in detail in the agreement. The government guidance on understanding rules of origin is available here. It suggests that, in practice, customs intermediaries will help businesses comply with their obligations. There is some leeway for that since up till the end of June, traders importing from the EU to the UK will have six months to submit a full customs declaration – including declaring proof of origin – and pay any tariffs that are necessary. Additionally, traders will not need to have declarations from their suppliers in place at the time goods are exported until December 31 2021. Customs declarations Most UK online retailers selling to EU customers from this country do so by sending orders in individual parcels to the customer, either via the postal service or via a courier. The UK and EU have negotiated a tariff-free deal, so there will be no tariffs charged on exports to the EU. But, everyone in England, Scotland or Wales sending parcels to the EU whose contents are worth up to £270 will have to fill in a CN22 customs declaration form (guidance here). Those sending items worth £270 or more have to fill in a longer CN23 customs declaration. Neither are required for retailers in Northern Ireland sending a parcel to the EU. The Post Office says that about 45% of the total international parcel traffic sent through Post Offices in Great Britain currently goes to EU destinations. Customs forms, available within branches, should be used for any parcels sent from now on, in order to be sure parcels have the correct documentation if they arrive on or after January 1. Amanda Jones, Post Office retail and franchise network director, says: “Postmasters are on hand to provide practical advice, particularly to small businesses, who regularly send parcels to the EU. Customers should also look out for a leaflet in branches that has information about the new customs declaration requirement.” Couriers handling parcels will handle these formalities on behalf of retailers and brands, but they will need the new information required for the customs declaration in order to complete the task. DPD’s transitional Brexit Guide, for example, covers the seven new pieces of information they will need – from commodity codes and product descriptions through to EORI numbers and country of origin. Logistics and delivery Those who are not sending individual parcels via post or via a courier – for example, shipping a wholesale order to an EU retailer or transferring goods to their own EU operations – will need to follow a different process, and most businesses will use a courier, freight forwarder or customs agent to make the declaration and get goods through UK customs. Here’s the government step-by-step guidance for those exporting to the EU but not using the post. Those sending animal products will need to clear the EU’s Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Measures, as set out in paragraph 1.2.3. in this document on the UK/EU border. The UK/EU trade agreement allows for further harmonisation of these measures in the future. Logistics UK says that the EU/UK deal appears to head off threats to the supply chain, since it allows goods to be shipped both by sea and by air. But retailers and brands will be making customs declarations for the first time in 40 years – while also potentially dealing with SPS requirements – and that’s likely to mean delays. Logistics UK has written to the government to ask for new arrangements to be put in place for lorry drivers who may have to wait to clear customs from January 1. That, it says, is necessary to prevent a repeat of what it terms the “national embarrassment” that saw gridlocked lorry drivers spend Christmas in their cabs with few toilet or hot food facilities available while the French border was temporarily closed as a Covid-19 safeguard. “With new customs procedures in place from 1 January 2021, it is vital that all the systems needed to support hauliers as they move across our borders are in place and in full working order,” says Logistics UK policy director Elizabeth de Jong. “From 1 January, the industry will need regular, nationwide real-time information feeds from the government on the status of all ports, combined with early insight where traffic building – this will highlight where problems are likely to occur and help delays to be mitigated.” Online and multichannel retailers have built up large EU customer databases in recent decades and there have been questions about whether they will be able to hold onto those databases in the future. The final provisions section of the EU/UK agreement allows fo existing arrangements to continue at least for the next six months. Free flow of personal data from the EU, EEA and EFTA states can continue “until adequacy decisions are adopted, and for no longer than six months”, the Government’s explainer of the treaty says. It also adds that “The UK has, on a transitional basis, deemed the EU and EEA EFTA States to be adequate to allow for data flows from the UK. HMRC advises on getting ready for the end of the transition period The Government’s step by step guide to exporting from Great Britain to the EU from January 2021 Buying from the European Union Retailers selling from the EU to the UK will need to have an EORI number, as assigned by the member state in which they operate. Here’s a link to the EU information on this. VAT is liable to be paid on imports from the EU. The UK government has agreed that UK end customers will not have to pay import VAT, but retailers selling to the UK will have to set up an account with HMRC – the UK tax authority – to pay that VAT. There’s Government information here on how to deal with UK VAT. UK companies will have to account for goods that they import and that are worth more than £135 via their quarterly VAT return. Some of the big platforms, such as Amazon and eBay, will be liable to collect any VAT due from their sellers from January 1 and send it to HMRC. Amazon has written to sellers, in the run up to January 1, to say it will calculate and collect UK VAT from sellers that are not based in the UK but have stored stock in the UK or that are delivering parcels worth up to £135 from stock stored outside the UK. VAT will then be deducted from the seller’s total earnings. Amazon also reminds customers at the same time that the VAT tax exemption for sales of goods worth less than £15 delivered from outside the UK will be removed from January 1. This is a UK action rather than part of the EU deal. As stated above, the free-trade deal struck between the UK and EU applies to goods mostly originating from the UK and EU. Where goods are made using raw materials or components from other countries not covered by the deal, additional tariffs may become payable. Government guidance on understanding rules of origin as agreed in the UK/EU treaty is available here. It suggests that customs intermediaries will help businesses comply with their obligations. The leeway for those importing goods from the EU to the UK is that traders will not need to have declarations from their suppliers in place at the time goods are exported until December 31 2021. See above for rules on data. Here’s the government guidance on importing goods from the EU from January 1. BrexitcustomsDataexportGrowth 2000multichannelOnlinerules of originSPS Boohoo reports 40% sales rise and drops 64 suppliers following investigations into standards; Primark counts the cost of lockdown PREDICTIONS 2021 delivery trends for 2021 HMRC warns traders to prepare for the end of the Brexit transition period – and to avoid moving goods until they are confident Pandemic-fuelled online growth and Brexit uncertainty lead to record take-up of logistics space in 2020 Hotel Chocolat says online sales fully offset Covid-19 store closures In other news: Moonpig to float, rising cost of VAT post-Brexit, footfall and Hammerson on rents Seasalt sees customer demand shift online as stores are disrupted by Covid-19	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17023
__label__cc	0.734412	0.265588	Putain de merde! Writing 2020 off of my shoulders My mother’s Frangipane Chicken Chili with Mogettes Château de la Preuille joins the Dakar Rally in 2021 Apéro alligator pull apart bread (v) A Day Trip to Oradour-sur-Glane Carbonara-Alfredo fusion… with a French twist! Broccoli Pie with Vendéen Jambon Blanc USA to Paris to the Vendée: Our European Family Vacation Out of the pan into the pan-demic Ode to the miracle of my parents Expatriate in lock-down France A radical life-choice and a patrimony restoration project Connecting people and places Choosing a Kiss. A memoir of racism in the life of a naïve immigrant In the Echoes of History Day trip to Mont St. Michel by night A sail round the Marais Breton LIVING AND TRAVELLING IN THE VENDÉE Charity, Non-Profit & Volunteering Learn to Speak French Day Trips from the Vendée The Vendée Wars Vendée Events Calendar Vendée in Pictures Vineyards and wine tasting in the Vendée Since Roman times there have been attempts at growing grapes and making wine in the Vendée, but it wasn’t until medieval times that the activity became successful. The monks of the many abbeys around here didn’t only manage to turn the ocean into fertile land while creating the Marais, they also had a hand in the proper cultivation of grapes. Historically we owe the production of good wine to them and to the Cardinal Richelieu who In the XVIIth century donated wine lands to the farmers of Luçon. Another reason for successful viticulture in the Vendée is the region’s temperate oceanic climate, with mild, wet winters and cooler summers. The oceanic climate is warmer than the continental climate but less warm than the Mediterranean climate. Vendee vineyards listed by region 1. Brem sur Mer vineyards CAVE PAJOT LAURENT *AOC. AOC Fief Vendeens Monday to Friday 11:00 – 12:30, 17:00 – 19:00 Saturday … Our Facebook group’s recommendations for great places to eat in the Vendée Our Facebook group consists hundreds of member… locals, expats of all nationalities who live here permanently, people who own a holiday home or second home, and tourists. We all have our favourite places to put our feet under the table and tuck in to a nice meal and/or have a cocktail with family and friends, or just for a bit of romance. We have pooled together their recommendations in various areas of the Vendée. Not to show favoritism, we have listed them alphabetically by name, so if you happen to be in the neighbourhood, you’ll know exactly where to go for a meal recommended by your Vendéen friends! All tastes – all budgets. Listed alphabetically Ateapick – Fontenay-le-Comte 85200// tapas, burgers, cocktails, small but varied menu €€ – play a game of boules 24 rue Louis Auber Zone Saint Médard Some vegetarian options +33251539433 Website Map + reviews Brasserie La … Owners of L’Etournerie Gites & Camping Vendée look to the future We have asked a few Vendéen small business owners to discuss their plans for the future whilst coping through enforced quarantine. In a first installment, allow us to introduce you to Renée, René, Jacky, Emma & Mariecke, a Dutch family who own L’Etournerie Gites and Camping where tranquility, good food, and flowers are central to Dutch-French hospitality in the Vendée! In 15 years, you develop habits. Or maybe a rhythm. At the beginning of the year, you start looking at everything that needs to be done before you can announce that you are ‘open for business’ once again. You tick off all those things and then you put up the sign “OUVERT”. Only this year, a pandemic with the inevitable French government’s announcement of a complete lockdown starting March 17th, threw a spanner in the works. At the beginning, everything was so focused on China that no one in Europe was … A walkabout Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre The beautiful Eiffel bridge across the Sevre-Nantaise river, is but one of many interesting historical monuments to see in the quaint village of Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre. We’ll take you exploring some of them in this prequel to your own Vendée adventures. I love my job! When through inthevendée.com’s Facebook page and group our readers were invited by the tour guide students of Val de Sèvre Formation for an English language guided tour of the village known as the Holy city of Vendée, Saint-Laurent-sur-Sèvre, yours truly seized the opportunity to sneak away from her desk for a few hours. There’s nothing like exploring another corner of France and the Vendée… and sharing it with the rest of the world. Located idyllically on the banks of the Sèvre-Nantaise river, a tributary of the Loire, this is village ideal for a lovely stroll among French heritage. On the morning of the tour it was quite cloudy … We asked some campers why they love the Vendée! A beautiful destination – The Vendéen gites, B&Bs, hotels and campgrounds welcome an average of 5 million tourists annually. 2017 marked the 40th anniversary-year for theme park Le Puy du Fou , with a reported 2.26 million visitors! Camping remains one of the favourite ways to spend family time in the Vendée. We spoke with a few campers this season, asking them to share why they love the area, how they chose the destination to begin with, and why they keep coming back. In their own words, here are Sally-Ann from the Lake District in the UK; Margaret and John, who retired from their transport business in the UK; and Harry and Cathy, retired dairy farmer and Cadbury’s chocolate maker from Ireland. Images – by webservices.dramatis I have come to France for working summers for four years now but this is the first time with my very own camper van and the first … © 2018 - 2019 All rights reserved Webservices.Dramatis Images may not be used or copied without permission. Contact admin@inthevendee.com Created and administered by WEBSERVICES.DRAMATIS Siret# 81257589200011 & 81265538900037 Living Page Tourism & Leisure Page	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17025
__label__cc	0.666356	0.333644	JAN & DEAN » CARNIVAL OF SOUND » received my copy of carnival Author Topic: received my copy of carnival (Read 13836 times) sidewalksurfer Arwin i recived my copy of carnival, and i was amazed how the quality came our i was really impressed. i am not trying to overrate this album, but in my opinion i think this has to be one of the best unrelased album ever !! on one of my rae jan and dean cds i have girl you're blowin my mind 13 different versions !! i think the song is pretty funny thou, well thats all for now surferbee Re: received my copy of carnival I'm going to do this in bits. I couldn't wait for the album to be released in the UK so had it sent from the states. It arrived very quickly in excellent, secure packaging. I am writing this before listening (don't worry not going to write a review yet) but I wanted to praise the excellent packaging and booklet. There are pictures I have never seen before. It looks and reads brilliantly. Nice job on the "Carnival of Sound" release. Everybody involved should be proud. I think the stereo versions show off the arrangements best. You can hear the "chingy" guitar's allover the place. The "Blowin my Mind" backing track sounds like it could've been a nice fit on the "Folk n Roll" album, had it been finished. Again kudo's to all involved and thanks. B « Last Edit: March 06, 2010, 02:21:31 PM by burton » Quote from: burton on March 06, 2010, 01:22:54 AM Burton . . . glad you're diggin' it. Actually, the acoustic 12-string version of "Blowin My Mind" -- with full "ba-ba's" and the brass and woodwind parts — was finished. Jan did multiple takes of it. But we're still looking for the master tape for that specific version. Otherwise, the 12-string intro was chopped off, but Jan still used that basic '66 track -- sometimes without the brass and woodwinds -- to create all of the subsequent versions of "Blown' My Mind." Listen to Track 16 and you'll hear the 12-string lead riffs quite well , along with the brass and woodwind parts. SurferPete Pretty Niffty... I received my copy a few days ago... and was very impressed... Well worth the wait... Sure wish the master was around to see all this... It sure would have made him smile... Thanks Guys for all the work that went into this package... Looks & sounds great.... jdman Just got mine. This is the most exciting release for Jan & Dean. I had no idea how good Jan still was as a producer after the accident. I know he had help, but it was still his production. Complete Liberty Singles and the Tribute were exciting as well, but this one takes the cake. For the first time, I actually like the stereo versions better than the mono. I wonder why the version of Girl that was on the Tribute is not on this package. Fantastic Album and CD!!! Thanks to Mark,Domenic, and Andrew for your hard work. Thanks to Dean for the art as well!! Hey Mark, I guess you can tell Dom that you were right. Hawaii and Fan Tan were not started pre-accdent. Kentucky Surfer I received the CD a couple of days ago. I'll probably regret it, but I didn't buy the LP. Here are a few random comments and observations I had after listening to it... Cover Art: A great cover by Dean. I think it evokes the time period very well. CD Label: Love the reproduction of the "Jan & Dean" record label! Booklet/Liner Notes: Outstanding! The detailed discussion of the recording sessions was very well done. This only makes me anticipate Mark's sessionography even more. If the sessionography breaks things down to this level for Jan & Dean's entire career, it will set a high standard for rock & roll discographies for years to come. The only other book I have seen written to this level of detail is the Ernst Jorgensen book on Elvis Presley's recordings. Sound Quality: Crystal Clear! It is great to hear songs like "Hawaii" with vocals in the clear. All ofthe tracks seem very alive. The stereo mixes are excellent for hearing some of the details in the arrangements. Commentary on the Album: I agree with the concept of grouping the early 1966 tracks together on this collection. The early track of "Girl You're Blowing My Mind" was quite consistent with Jan's arrangements on the "Folk & Roll" album (as Burton noted). There isn't a lot of difference between this track and "I Can't Wait To Love You" (or "Rain Clouds Long Gone" on Save For A Rainy Day"). One could easily imagine this track being a possible flip for "Norwegian Wood". The oldies tracks are well arranged and performed, but the session vocalists minimize the impact these might have made as actual Jan & Dean recordings in 1966. (NOTE: If I remember correctly, the Mark Thomas Passmore book mentions that Jan was planning an album of heavily orchestrated oldies. Perhaps these tracks were intended for such a purpose.) I would have greatly enjoyed hearing these as backing tracks only. "Only A Boy" is classic 1966 Jan Berry production. It was obvious that he wanted this to be the first single on the new "Jan & Dean" label. I am not sure I hear Dean on this one. It sounds to me like Jan multi-tracked his own vocals, much as he did on some of the tracks on "Folk & Roll". I have always enjoyed "Love and Hate" and "Hawaii". "Hawaii" is a nod to the surfing songs of 1963-64 in terms of vocal arrangements. It would have fit very well on the "Ride The Wild Surf" LP. The lyrics are a little more mature, in keeping with the times, but this is a great track in the Jan & Dean tradition. It was always maddening to me to have the vocals buried in the mix. I always presumed that had been done on purpose in the original releases to mask Jan's vocal limitations. I definitely hear him singing on this one. The only knock I put on this one is little too much sitar. "Love and Hate" is another track that would have fit very well with "Only A Boy" and the other early 1966 productions. The vocal arrangements are great on this. I always find myself singing this to myself for a day or two after I hear it. This is a very Jan-like vocal which raises the question of who was best able to mimic Jan's vocal. Would it be Tony Minichello of the Matadors on this? Didn't Tony double the vocal with Jan on "Surf City"? I really can't envision Glen Campbell being able to copy Jan's voice, as Glen sang in a little higher register. "Fan Tan" and "Mulholland" are a couple of the "newer" tracks that I enjoy because they evoke a spirit of fun and the California lifestyle. It's great to hear clear vocals on "Fan Tan". And I agree that it sure sounds like Dean clowning around with Jan on the end of the stereo mix of "Mulholland". The remaining tracks ,on which Tom Bahler sings lead, sound so unlike Jan & Dean recordings that I really don't enjoy hearing them. The spirit of fun is there on "Laurel and Hardy", but songs like "I know my mind" showcase Jan Berry the producer more than Jan Berry the recording artist. It is truly unfortunate that Jan & Dean's relationship was so strained at this time that Dean couldn't have sang a few leads on the newer songs. The result would have certainly demonstrated to the world that Jan & Dean were back and perhaps might have improved the chances of releasing the album. All in all, though, I am thoroughly glad that I have this well-done collection. « Last Edit: March 14, 2010, 09:47:52 PM by Kentucky Surfer » Dean is definitely singing on "Only A Boy" . . . Session tapes remove all doubt. Mark--thanks for the information. I also found it interesting that "Girl You're Blowing My Mind" was finished in 1966. Hope it is found. 11bees Pretty sure it's Brian doubling Jan's vocal on Surf City, with Tony singing the falsetto. Hasn't Dean always said he can hear more Brian than Jan on that one? I have to agree with your over-all assessment of the album being mostly killer JB productions with Tom Bahler's kinda boring leads ruining many of the songs for me (if that is who's singing((still not sure exactly who is singing what on COS))). Brian and Tony both double with Jan on Surf City. Their mikes are set back from Jan's. There is definitely more Jan leads on Surf City. Brian said he hears more Jan, so I'll trust Brian. Tony sings falsetto and Brian does the falsetto on the part Surf City Here we Come. Correct me if I'm wrong, but I think that's how it went down. Quote from: Kentucky Surfer on March 15, 2010, 03:42:46 AM Actually, it wasn't finished in '66. The brass and woodwinds were added in '67. But the full acoustic version -- with brass, woodwinds, and the "ba-ba" vocal harmonies -- was indeed finished during the project. It's just a matter of finding the master tape for that version -- if it still exists.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17036
__label__wiki	0.991108	0.991108	BBC Proms Forget the controversy — joyful Last Night of the Proms music comforted, nourished, and moved 'Bluesy' Jerusalem remake annoys at the Last Night of the Proms Royal Albert Hall appeals for £20m in donations to avoid bankruptcy Moments of wonder as Anoushka Shankar pays tribute to her father Ravi at the BBC Proms Nicola Benedetti is a responsive and generous performer at BBC Proms BBC could 'charge viewers extra to watch the Proms, Wimbledon and Glastonbury' MediaExclusive Rule, Britannia! and Land of Hope and Glory will be sung at the Proms after BBC U-turn New BBC Director-General is a 'vortex of energy' who must be radical BBC insists it is not 'the woke corporation' after Proms row Everything you need to know about the BBC Proms and how to watch	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17038
__label__cc	0.720781	0.279219	Indiana Inmate Search The Indiana Department of Corrections (IDOC) “seeks to promote public safety by providing meaningful, effective opportunities for successful re-entry. Their vision is to model the best corrections practices, striving to return productive citizens to Indiana’s communities and to inspire a culture of accountability, integrity, and professionalism.” (The Indiana Department of Corrections) The IDOC is the first place to look when searching for an inmate in Indiana. This website has plenty of information regarding searching for inmates, visiting inmates, communicating with inmates, and more. Indiana Department of Correction Offender Search The Indiana Department of Corrections oversees all of the jails and prisons in Indiana. On the Indiana DOC inmate lookup, you can perform an inmate search by first name, last name, or offender number. The Indiana Department of Correction offender search database provides information about offenders currently under IDOC jurisdiction: those incarcerated, on probation, or on parole. VINELink, America’s leading victim notification network, is the online portal to VINE. VINE allows you to search for inmates in Indiana, but you will need to create a free account in order to use VINELink’s services. You can also contact VINELink by calling toll-free 1-800-247-9763. VINELink provides the most current and reliable information regarding inmate custody status changes and criminal case information. VINELink has also recently added new user-friendly features that make the inmate searches easier and more efficient. Another perk of the VINE service is that they are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and 365 days a year, and they offer information by phone, email, and text message, The Federal Bureau of Prison’s Find an Inmate search engine is another resource you can use to search for Indiana inmates. Originating in 1982, this website contains records of all inmates who have been incarcerated from 1982 to present. If you do a release search for inmates who have already been released, their records will be provided. You can either search by the inmate’s name or the inmate’s number (the DCDC number, FBI number, INS number, or BOP register number of the inmate). However, it is important to note that this search gives results for inmates who have been sent to federal prisons only. Inmates sent to federal prisons are those who have violated federal laws. Through the Inmate Records Online Search, you can find inmates, mugshots, records, and contact information for inmates. This information comes through law enforcement agencies and courthouses. To use this search, you need to search the inmate’s first and last name, and click on “Indiana.” Once the search is complete, you will need to set up a free account to view the full report on the inmate you searched for. Search Specific Jails in Indiana Another way you can search for an inmate in Indiana is to search an Indiana Jail inmate locator. Each jail has a website, and each website has a jail roster, so you can find out who’s in jail by searching the jail roster. Go here to search specific jails in Indiana, and search for the jail roster. Then, you can search for the specific inmate. You can also find out who’s in jail in Indiana by searching for the specific type of prison or jail that the inmate is serving time in. A city jail is for inmates who are serving short sentences. They are either awaiting trial or have been convicted of a crime that requires their sentence to be a year or less. A state prison is a prison operated and maintained by a state and used to confine and rehabilitate criminals who have been convicted of major crimes. Most inmates who are sentenced to prisons are sentenced for a year or more. When searching for an inmate, go to the inmate search page and search his or her first and last name. You will usually see the inmate’s name, mugshot, birthdate, charges, and other information. As you can see, the Indiana Department of Corrections provides many ways to search for inmates in Indiana. By using these resources, you will soon find the inmate you are looking for. Indiana Department of Corrections Offender Lookup Indiana Department of Corrections manages and operates all the state prison in Indiana. To search for an inmate in Indiana Department of Corrections follow the steps given below: Indiana Inmate Search DOC Information Authority Indiana Department of Corrections Address 302 W. Washington Street, Room E-334, Indianapolis, IN 46204 1Re-entry & Treatment Facility List of Jails and Prisons in Indiana 401 W. Sample St.South Bend, IN 46601 Greenfield City Jail 116 South State Street, Greenfield, IN, 46140 Know more "Greenfield City Jail" Greencastle City Jail 408 South Locust Street, Greencastle, IN, 46135 Know more "Greencastle City Jail" French Lick City Jail 8671 West Main Street PO Box 10, French Lick, IN, 47432 Know more "French Lick City Jail" Fremont City Jail 205 North Tolford Street PO Box 602, Fremont, IN, 46737 Know more "Fremont City Jail" Fishers City Jail Four Municipal Drive, Fishers, IN, 46038 Know more "Fishers City Jail" Ellettsville City Jail 1406 West Temperance Street, Ellettsville, IN, 47429 Know more "Ellettsville City Jail" Clear Lake City Jail 5910 Gecowets Drive, Clear Lake, IN, 46737 Know more "Clear Lake City Jail"	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17041
__label__wiki	0.544339	0.544339	Sarah Silverman Offers Billionaire a Vigorous Scissoring if He Donates to Obama Erin Gloria Ryan Sarah Silverman, the voice of the post-2000 female id, has offered an indecent proposal to billionaire Mitt Romney backer Sheldon Adelson — commit $100 million to Barack Obama instead of Mitt Romney, and she'll personally scissor the shit out of his nearly septuagenarian Las Vegas crotch. Then she sorta demonstrates on a tiny dog. For those of us who aren't South Park watchers, lesbians, or people who hang out with South Park-watching lesbians, scissoring is the act of genital stimulation that's achieved by rubbing one's nether regions against the nether regions of another in a sort of scissorlike formation. For those of us who don't like paying attention to politics, as the video points out, America's billionaires are extremely interested in electing Mitt Romney President (although to be fair, Adelson was a big Newt Gingrich supporter during the primaries. He's just on Team Not Obama). So what do you get when you combine a comedienne adept at sideways dry humping and a rich dude who she disagrees with politically? An offer Sheldon Adelson will almost certainly refuse. Silverman promises, I will scissor you through a bikini bottom through to fruition. That means until you come! Do you know how many billionaires are giving money to Romney? All of them. How many of them are getting scissored by a bikini bottomed Jewess with big naturals. How many, Sheldon? If you're interested in supporting the cause of Sarah Silverman scissoring Sheldon Adelson or Sheldon Adelson taking his $100 million and shoving — erm, scissoring — it, you can learn more or sign a petition here. In the meantime, let's applaud Silverman for having the foresight to suggest scissoring rather than full on face-to-face dry humping. The eye contact implications of that are just too horrifying. [Scissor Sheldon] girlonfire I am pretty shamelessly in love with Sarah Silverman.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17050
__label__cc	0.680501	0.319499	Piñon Post ‘Drag Queen Story Time’ features strippers and ‘jello shot girls’ reading to young children June 16, 2019 June 17, 2019 / By John Block / 1 Comment Over the last week, I have heard arguments from both sides of the debate on whether “Drag Queen Story Time” should happen at the Albuquerque public library. Some say it is harmful to children because it exposes them to a sexual culture at a young age, while some call it a public display of “inclusion.” It is of my opinion that this event is wrong, and letting children participate in it borders on child abuse. My concerns stem from the fact that these seemingly-unvetted men in drag have been allowed into a public, taxpayer-funded library to read to children, with zero input from the community as to whether they approve of the event. There has been no tolerance for even the slightest objection from pro-family advocacy groups and citizens, with the city saying “no matter how many complaints they get, this event will go on.” The truth is that the drag queens who were allowed to read to little children are adult entertainers, who make a living off of sexually-explicit acts and services. According to the Facebook pages of the drag queens who performed at the event, one of them who goes by “Bunnie Cruse” works as a “Jello Shot Girl” at the gay bar Effex Albuquerque, and as the “Head Stripper” at “Shake N Bake.” The other one, who goes by “Vanessa Patricks” is a “performer” at the Albuquerque Social Club gay bar, and at “Eggs and Legs Drag Brunch,” hosted at the Blue Agave Republic strip club. It is horrifying to think that young children ages 0-12 were not only allowed near adult entertainers, but their parents explicitly exposed them to this degenerate sexual culture. Apparently, common sense didn’t grace the minds of the 100+ parents who attended this event. The Drag Queen Story Time seems to merely be a way for EQNM (the extreme “progressive” group sponsoring the event) to promote gay bars and strip clubs in the local area, judging by their choice of readers at the event. Adrian Carver, the Executive Director of EQNM, said the story time is about “making sure that young trans and queer people are entertained by people who look like them and reflect them.” How in the world would a kid from the ages of 0-12 be able to make life-altering decisions like what their sexual preferences are, much less mutilate their own bodies to become “trans?” Any parent who would condone their young child to do this has seriously questionable judgment. Furthermore, it is insulting that so-called “public servants,” elected to represent their constituents, have shunned all objection to the event from outside groups and citizens. City Councilor Pat Davis, known for his vulgar “F–k the NRA” ad during his unsuccessful run for Congress, told KOB 4 news, “We are not shying away from the fact that there are gay families in Albuquerque, including mine and lots of others. They deserve to be represented in city services and city facilities just like everyone else.” If Davis really thinks strippers and self-described “jello shot girls” are in his definition of appropriate representatives for “gay families,” then I seriously question his judgment as well. And where has mayor Tim Keller been on this issue? We know he is unequivocally for emblazoning city crosswalks with $30,000 rainbow stripes, so where is his response to citizens’ opposition to Drag Queen Story Time? I’m proud 🏳️‍🌈 of our city. Thanks @abclibrary @eqnm and the hundreds of families who turned out for the #DragQueenStoryHour edition of our summer reading series! #nmpol #OneAlbuquerque #SummerReading pic.twitter.com/rzaU6XNpnX — Pat Davis (@PatDavisNM) June 15, 2019 It is not okay to confuse children with difficult concepts relating to human sexuality, much less allow them to be read to in a public library by strippers. I know I speak for countless New Mexicans when I say this kind of event is corrosive to pro-family values, and no child should be subjected to this, especially not by their city or by their own parents. 1 thought on “‘Drag Queen Story Time’ features strippers and ‘jello shot girls’ reading to young children” Carole Harmon I’m sorry, but alot of normal natural people do not believe in the NAME IT AND CLAIM IT game! We said the lgtbqueers, trannies, etc were coming for our kids and here they are! Chaos and confusion of what it means to be a man or a woman! Do not be deceived! God will not be mocked! A nation reaps what it sows and this is what we are sowing and will reap God’s judgement! Copyright © 2021 John Block for New Mexico \| Powered by John Block for New Mexico	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17059
__label__wiki	0.561661	0.561661	Last edited by Dajind 6 edition of Life x 3 found in the catalog. Life x 3 by Yasmina Reza Published 2000 by Faber and Faber in London . Other titles Life times 3, Life times three Statement Yasmina Reza ; translated by Christopher Hampton Pagination 66 p. ; Life Summary – For thousands of years, life on earth has been progressing and evolving. No species exemplifies this more than humans. Max Tegmark imagines us now moving toward the final evolutionary stage: Life In this era of humanity, technology will live independently, designing both its own hardware and software, and the repercussions for the . "Life x 3" although an intriguing concept, the shortcomings of the multi view structure, are in the limited script. Initially anxious overwrought astrophysicist Henry is trying to coax his procrastinating 6 year old to go to sleep. His wife Sonia, an ex lawyer, is already undressed and wearing a bathrobe, when the door bell goes. Bible Studies for Life; Explore the Bible; The Gospel Project; 20/20 - Bible Study Book. $ Bibles. Top Categories Books of the Bible Jacquard Bible Cover (Large) This Large Books of the Bible Organizer Bible Cover measures 9 3/4" x 6 3/4" Starting at $ Sale $ $ Regular $ In Stock. Add to Cart Add to. LIFE (X) 3 Written Yasmina Reza Translated by Christopher Hampton Directed by Matthew Warchus. WITH: Helen Hunt (Sonia), John Turturro (Henry), Brent Spiner (Hubert) and Linda Emond (Inez). The New York Times Book of Broadway: On the Aisle for the Unforgettable Plays of the Last Century 6. Hannity, who spends three hours a day on his syndicated radio show followed by an hour on Fox News at 9 p.m., is busy enough keeping up with the torrent of . Learn more about used BMW X3 vehicles. Get BMW X3 values, consumer reviews, safety ratings, and find cars for sale near you. Rare books, autograph letter, illuminated & other mss Holy leadership in a hectic world Grad Guides BK4:Phy Sci/Math/Ag Sci 2007 1994 Annual Book of Astm Standards: Section 15 : General Products, Chemical Specialties, and End Use Products : Volume 15.06 Cost analysis and biological ramifications for implementing the gypsy moth slow the spread program U.S. trade relations with Japan Between Past And Future Spanish Colonization Commerative Act of 1988 Padé-type approximation and general orthogonal polynomials Microsoft IBM Quick Basic Video to Accompany Contemporary Public Speaking Tuberculosis in man and the lower animals The Land of Magical Thinking Verdict,the Electromagnetic Fields in Electrical Engineering The Random shot Tomato Diseases Slide Set A catalogue of the extensive and truly magnificent collection of prints, forming altogether an unusual display of the most rare and superior productions of the French, Flemish, German, and English engravers ... Life x 3 by Yasmina Reza Download PDF EPUB FB2 Life x 3 book. Read 58 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. From the celebrated writer of Art, a scathingly hilarious commentary on va /5. [Life X 3]is clever, it's elegant, it's entertaining.” ―Charles Spencer, The Daily Telegraph “[Reza] is the most exported living playwright on the planet, a woman whose culturally rich background has given her real insight into the melting pot of today's society Life X 3 ruminate[s] on man's place in the universe Her /5(3). [Life X 3]is clever, it's elegant, it's entertaining.” —Charles Spencer, The Daily Telegraph “[Reza] is the most exported living playwright on the planet, a woman whose culturally rich background has given her real insight into the melting pot of today's society Life X 3 ruminate[s] on man's place in the universe Her Brand: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. [Life X 3]is clever, it's elegant, it's entertaining.” —Charles Spencer, The Daily Telegraph “[Reza] is the most exported living playwright on the planet, a woman whose culturally rich background has given her real insight into the melting pot of today's society Life X 3 ruminate[s] on man's place in the universe Her Author: Yasmina Reza. [Life X 3]is clever, it's elegant, it's entertaining." --Charles Spencer, The Daily Telegraph"[Reza] is the most exported living playwright on the planet, a woman whose culturally rich background has given her real insight into the melting pot of today's society. Life X 3 presents three versions of two couples (and an offstage six-year-old) trying to make a success of one evening despite the fact that they neither like nor respect one another. When Hubert and Inès arrive a day early to dinner at the home of Henri and Sophie, Sophie barely has time to change out of her robe and Inès is in a foul mood. The complete review's Review. Life x 3 is a three-act play in which almost the same scene is replayed three times. It is evening, and Henri and Sonia are at home, their son Arnaud already tucked in bed. Henri is a research scientist, and he has invited his superior, Hubert Finidori (with his wife, Inès) over for dinner the next night. Books Music Art & design TV & radio Stage Classical Games More Theatre Life x 3 Birmingham Rep Rating: ** All this week's reviews. Lyn Gardner. @lyngardner. Life Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence is a book by Swedish-American cosmologist Max Tegmark from MIT. Life discusses Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its impact on the future of life on Earth and beyond. The book discusses a variety of societal implications, what can be done to maximize the chances of a positive outcome, and potential futures for. The book starts with an interesting sci-fi story of AI development, AI breakout and various utopian and dystopian scenario which was superb. Life is progressing from biological to cultural to technological. We are capable to edit both the hardware (DNA) and software (institutions) of Life today which he terms Life Sharing an apartment has never been so easy We carefully handpick each apartment with your personal space in mind and then we give it a stylish makeover. Our apartments typically have a cosy living room, a shared kitchen with all supplies you need to make a meal, clean shared bathrooms and private rooms in various sizes for singles and couples. In form, "Life X 3" is like an extended exercise for a playwriting class: Take one situation (a couple arrives a night early for a dinner party) and change a few things -- chiefly, one character's reaction to another's provocative remark -- to show how. In Life (x) 3, Reza deals with those small moments in big ways, as if an expert dealer handling a deck of cards. She takes actions, feelings, and words, and stacks, deals, rearranges, and shuffles them time and time again, allowing a multitude of possibilities for the play's four characters. Life of a Klansman: A Family History of White Supremacy is the latest book by Edward Ball, whose award-winning book Slaves in the Family traces the histories of people enslaved by Ball's own. In her new book “Men to Avoid in Art and Life,” Nicole Tersigni harnesses her skill with a Twitter meme to illuminate the experience of. Life X 3 is again a modern comedy of manners. Each of its three scenes are given a slightly different shift of emphasis in characterisation which results in three different outcomes. It is a dramatic device already penned effectively for the stage by Michael Frayn and Caryl Churchill. The story of A.I. is the story of intelligence—of life processes as they evolve from bacteria () to humans (), where life processes define their own software,to technology (3. Store and organize your most cherished photos with a variety of photo albums at JOANN. Shop picture albums, scrapbook albums, photo storage options & photo books. The last speech in the book ends on a note that is both challenging and upbeat: “We are the change and change is coming.” The edition published in Britain earlier this year contained 11 speeches; this updated edition all worth reading. A tiny book, not much bigger than a pamphlet, with huge potential impact. Books Music Art & design TV & radio Stage Classical Games More Theatre Life x 3 2 / 5 stars 2 out of 5 stars. Savoy, London Lyn Gardner. @lyngardner. life 3 0 Download life 3 0 or read online books in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl, and Mobi Format. Click Download or Read Online button to get life 3 0 book now. This site is like a library, Use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Couple Burnout.Gain powerful insights about Artificial Intelligence and what it could mean for humanity. Learn the most vital questions that must be addressed now if we were to create positive outcomes for our future. See more details below. Download Life Summary in pdf infographic, text and audio formats, or preview the book summary via our blog. [Note: You can also enjoy this summary. A book about St. Louis restaurant legend Charlie Gitto’s life is now available to buy. Titled Charlie Gitto, Mayor of Sixth Street, the book went to print just weeks after Gitto passed away at. axendadeportiva.com - Life x 3 book © 2020	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17065
__label__cc	0.698431	0.301569	Past, Present, & Future with Jami Deise [Plus Giveaway!] In the spirit of my debut novel, Fast Forward, I’m doing a series of interviews with authors about their past, present & future. Today, please welcome author of humorous women’s fiction, Jami Deise! 1. When you were a kid, what did you want to be when you grew up? A doctor. But I never had any aptitude for math and science. 2. What did you do before you became a writer? My only non-writing jobs were before graduating college with a journalism degree. I worked at McDonald’s. I was an RA in my dorm at the University of Maryland. I babysat. 3. What is one of your most treasured memories from the past? I won a poetry contest in the 5th grade. That was pretty cool. 4. What’s your latest/upcoming release about and/or what are you currently working on? Right now I’m plugging “Keeping Score,” which is humorous women’s fiction about a divorced mom, her 9-year-old son, and his first summer playing travel baseball. 5. What’s a typical day like for you? (If there is such a thing!) Walk the dog, go the gym, spend the afternoon writing. Make dinner for my son. Spend the evening reading or watching TV. Most of my days are typical! 6. Name three things you are grateful for in your life right now: That my son is living with my husband and me and is doing well. That we haven’t been affected by economic turbulence or Congressional shut-downs. That my parents are healthy. 7. If you could fast forward in time to any age or year for just one day, what would you choose & why? 66. My son will be 40. I want to know how his life is going to turn out. 8. If you could have any new technology or invention in the future that would make your life a whole lot easier (or more fun), what would it be? A robot to make dinner and do dishes. 9. What are your hopes & dreams for the future? To be able to support myself as a writer or with a job in the publishing industry, and that my son is successful in a job that he loves. Thanks for taking part, Jami! >You can visit Jami online at her blog, facebook, and twitter pages, and you can buy her latest book Keeping Score here. It’s only 99c for a limited time! >WIN! Jami is also giving away 2 ebook copies of Keeping score… to enter, simply leave a comment below! Winners will be drawn on 11th October and contacted via email and notified in the comments. KEEPING SCORE: When her 9-year-old son wanted to play summer travel baseball, Shannon had no idea the toughest competition was off the field…. When her son Sam asks to try out for a travel baseball team, divorced mom Shannon Stevens thinks it’ll be a fun and active way to spend the summer. Boy, is she wrong! From the very first practice, Shannon and Sam get sucked into a mad world of rigged try-outs, professional coaches, and personal hitting instructors. But it’s the crazy, competitive parents who really make Shannon’s life miserable. Their sons are all the second coming of Babe Ruth, and Sam isn’t fit to fetch their foul balls. Even worse, Shannon’s best friend Jennifer catches the baseball fever. She schemes behind the scenes to get her son Matthew on the town’s best baseball team, the Saints. As for Sam? Sorry, there’s no room for him! Sam winds up on the worst team in town, and every week they find new and humiliating ways to lose to the Saints. And the action off the field is just as hot. Shannon finds herself falling for the Saints’ coach, Kevin. But how can she date a man who didn’t think her son was good enough for his team … especially when the whole baseball world is gossiping about them? Even Shannon’s ex-husband David gets pulled into the mess when a randy baseball mom goes after him. As Sam works to make friends, win games and become a better baseball player, Shannon struggles not to become one of those crazy baseball parents herself. In this world, it’s not about whether you win, lose, or how you play the game… it’s all about KEEPING SCORE. Posted in Competitions, Interviews, Past Present & Future Tags: competitions, giveaway, humorous, JAMI DEISE, keeping score, past present & future, women's fiction	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17067
__label__cc	0.73508	0.26492	Mike FerrisMike Ferris College Community Schools Announce Grab N’ Go Meal Distribution The College Community School District has announced they're now providing free meals for any child that needs them. College Community rolled out 'Grab N' Go Meals' today. The free meals for kids 18 and under are available at nine different locations each weekday at varying times. The meals will be available until further notice. Each child will receive a lunch and breakfast for the following day. Kids must be present and the meals cannot be eaten on-site when they're picked up. Here are the six locations where the food can be picked up from 10:30 am to 1 p.m.: Former Casey's and Hardee's parking lots at 20 Miller Ave. SW Gateway Gardens at 2981 6th St. SW Prairie Hill Elementary on the College Community Campus Ely City Park at 1635 Hillcrest Street (near the trail and pond) Grant Elementary at 254 Outlook Dr. SW Hoover Elementary at 4141 Johnson Ave. NW These three locations have varying hours: 10:30 to 11 a.m.: Inn Circle at 5560 6th St. SW 10:30 to 11:30 a.m.: Kohl's Parking Lot at 3030 Wiley Blvd. SW 11:45 a.m. to 1 p.m.: Target Parking Lot at 3400 Edgewood Road SW Additional information is available HERE. Filed Under: College Community Schools, Coronavirus, Grab N' Go Meals	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17071
__label__wiki	0.882798	0.882798	Report: NHL Pushes Target Date Back, Drafts 56-Game Schedule Kevin Durso (Bruce Bennett/Getty Images) For the last two weeks, there has been a lot of tension between the NHL and NHLPA over the financial aspect of a return for the 2020-21 season. After several days without much communication, both sides have been back in touch daily, and Thursday’s discussions brought about the most productive developments to this point. With the calendar turned to December, the Jan. 1 target date is no longer realistic to open the 2020-21 season. Instead, the NHL has proposed a mid-January start to the season, according to a report from TSN’s Frank Seravalli. The two sides discussed options for how the season could look, including a potential schedule structure. Both 52 and 56-game schedules were discussed as options, though both sides have a preference to play 56 games. Training camps would open on Jan. 2, though that is still a flexible date. A seven-day voluntary camp for the seven teams that did not play in the bubble in the summer is still on the table. The potential start date in mid-January also includes the previously discussed potential end date for the season. The league still wants to complete the season by early July so that there are no scheduling and broadcast conflicts with the Summer Olympics and to set the 2021-22 season on track for a normal schedule cycle. This is critical to the league with the addition of the Seattle Kraken as the 32nd NHL team set to begin next season. Obviously, the two factors that will determine if this goes anywhere is the financial issues and COVID-19. The NHL and NHLPA pushed the financial issues aside in this discussion on Thursday. COVID-19 presents a fluid and needs to be flexible with any timeline. That said, there is finally some concrete details emerging and it appears the NHL has a plan for how the season will look. They just need to overcome the financial issues and find a way to safely get teams back on the ice. Kevin Durso is Flyers insider for 97.3 ESPN and Flyers editor for SportsTalkPhilly.com. Follow him on Twitter @Kevin_Durso. Philadelphia Flyers Uniforms Through The Years Source: Report: NHL Pushes Target Date Back, Drafts 56-Game Schedule Filed Under: cba, COVID-19, NHL, NHLPA, Philadelphia Flyers, return to play	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17072
__label__wiki	0.989498	0.989498	Sports Top Stories Jose Canseco Agrees To Boxing Match With Barstool Sports' 'Billy Football' By Jason Hall Jan 13, 2021 Jose Canseco will be returning to the boxing ring very soon. The disgraced former baseball star has reportedly agreed to a boxing match against Barstool Sports intern "Billy Football" at the company's next "Rough N Rowdy" pay-per-view event during Super Bowl weekend, TMZ Sports reports. Billy, who contributes to the 'Pardon My Take' podcast and has been baiting the former outfielder for several weeks on social media, announced the fight on the latest episode of 'Pardon My Take,' as well as on the show's social media accounts Wednesday (January 13) morning. "There's a very good chance he dies in the ring," Billy said on Wednesday's episode of 'PMT.' "I would commit manslaughter, I wouldn’t commit murder." "For the record, I have no intent to kill him," he added. Canseco also confirmed the news to TMZ Sports on Wednesday, adding that he also intends to box Logan Paul, who had previously dated his daughter, Josie Canseco, and shared a disrespectful challenge referencing their relationship in a recent challenge to the former Oakland A's star. "Logan Paul, I am coming for you after I wreck this guy," Canseco told TMZ Sports. Both Billy and Paul are more than 30 years Canseco's junior. 'Pardon My Take' co-host Dan "Big Cat" Katz said he initially wanted to fight Canseco two years ago after Barstool Sports purchased the "Rough & Rowdy" boxing promotion, but after time passed, he instead offered his intern to replace him and the retired baseball player accepted. Canseco had previously boxed 7'2" South Korean MMA star Hong-man Choi in 2009. Billy, a former high school football quarterback and collegiate wide receiver, has no record of a boxing background, but is a noted self-proclaimed fitness aficionado.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17077
__label__wiki	0.791289	0.791289	Lori Loughlin’s Friends Are Reportedly ‘Concerned’ After Seeing Latest Felicity Huffman News Matt NahamSep 12th, 2019, 9:45 am Unnamed friends of Full House actress Lori Loughlin are reportedly “concerned” after seeing prosecutors recommend a mere one month in prison for Desperate Housewives actress Felicity Huffman, yet another unnamed “insider” has told Us Weekly. The Huffman and Loughlin cases have often been compared and contrasted to one another as the “Operation Varsity Blues” prosecution has unfolded. Huffman pleaded guilty in May, a month after being named in the same complaint as Loughlin and Mossimo Giannulli. Huffman accepted responsibility and offered a public apology for her conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud. “In my desperation to be a good mother, I talked myself into believing that all I was doing was giving my daughter a fair shot,” Huffman has admitted. “I see the irony in that statement now because what I have done is the opposite of fair. I have broken the law, deceived the educational community, betrayed my daughter, and failed my family.” She admitted to and accepted responsibility for paying William “Rick” Singer $15,000 to have her daughter’s SAT college admission entrance exam answers corrected by the test proctor to improve her score. And federal prosecutors responded to all of this by recommending that the famous defendant spend no less than 30 days in jail for her “deliberate and manifestly criminal” conduct. Prosecutors also recommended Huffman be sentenced to one year of probation and pay a $20,000 fine. Loughlin’s pals supposedly believe that Lori and Mossimo should have followed the Huffman model, rather than the reject-a-plea-deal-and-fight-it-out-in-court model. “Lori’s friends are concerned. They say she should have followed Huffman’s lead and taken a plea deal and accepted responsibility,” the aforementioned unnamed source was quoted. As Law&Crime has noted before, however, the problem with comparing Huffman’s case and the Loughlin-Giannulli case is that the alleged levels of offense are very different. Loughlin and Giannulli are accused of creating fake rowing profiles to get their daughters Isabella Giannulli and Olivia Jade Giannulli into USC, “agree[ing] to pay bribes totaling $500,000 in exchange for having their two daughters designated as recruits to the [University of Southern California (USC)] crew team–despite the fact that they did not participate in crew.” The Huffman bribe was $15,000. The level of offense in the Loughlin and Giannulli’s case, however, is higher due to the $500,000 allegedly involved. Therefore, a better case to compare it to would be the Toby MacFarlane case. MacFarlane, a former senior executive at WFG National Title Insurance Company, admitted to paying $450,000 in bribes. Specifically, he pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud — nominally the same charges as the ones Huffman pleaded guilty to, but yet the government recommended 15 months in prison, a year of supervised release, plus a fine of $95,000, restitution and forfeiture, due to the level of offense. MacFarlane admitted that he committed conspiracy to commit fraud by “getting my children into USC as recruited athletes when in fact they’re not.” Sound familiar? If Loughlin and Giannulli decided to enter a guilty plea, it’s possible prosecutors might have recommended something similar to the MacFarlane case. But the Huffman and MacFarlane cases are also different because Loughlin and Giannulli have been hit with money laundering charges, in addition to charges of conspiracy to commit mail fraud and honest services mail fraud. For that reason, Loughlin and Giannulli, on paper, face up to 40 years behind bars. While that will never happen, the certainty of a deal has been replaced with the uncertainty of a roll of the dice in court. There have been positive developments in other “Operation Varsity Blues” cases, however, that may mean all is not lost for Loughlin and Giannulli. See here, here, and here. It remains to be seen how this will all shake out. Loughlin and Giannulli are scheduled to appear in court again on Oct. 2. [Image via Lisa O’Connor, Tommaso Boddi/AFP/Getty Images] Felicity HuffmanLori Loughlin Matt Naham Matt Naham is managing editor of Law&Crime. He formerly worked as news editor and weekend editor at Rare. More Stories by Matt Naham	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17089
__label__cc	0.504412	0.495588	LeadCapture Solutions (“we” or “us” or “our”) may use cookies, web beacons, tracking pixels, and other tracking technologies when you visit our website LeadCapture Solutions, including any other media form, media channel, mobile website, or mobile application related or connected thereto (collectively, the “Site”) to help customize the Site and improve your experience. We reserve the right to make changes to this Cookie Policy at any time and for any reason. We will alert you about any changes by updating the “Last Updated” date of this Cookie Policy. Any changes or modifications will be effective immediately upon posting the updated Cookie Policy on the Site, and you waive the right to receive specific notice of each such change or modification. You are encouraged to periodically review this Cookie Policy to stay informed of updates. 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They are used to track the number of users who have visited particular pages and viewed emails, and acquire other statistical data. They collect only a limited set of data, such as a cookie number, time and date of page or email view, and a description of the page or email on which they reside. Web beacons and pixel tags cannot be declined. However, you can limit their use by controlling the cookies that interact with them. This Cookie Policy is part of and is incorporated into our Privacy Policy. By using the Site, you agree to be bound by this Cookie Policy and our Privacy Policy. If you have questions or comments about this Cookie Policy, please contact us at: Site name: LeadCapture Solutions Site URL: https://leadcapturesolutions.com Email: info@leadcapturesolutions.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17093
__label__cc	0.520604	0.479396	No, The Wuhan Virus Won’t Cause A U.S. Population Decli... “Please, Somebody Help Us!”: Eye Of Slow-Mo... A World of Malice Don Jr. Likens ChiCom Takeover of White House to “Lion King” Ending Jan 19, 2021 \| Politics & Culture Comey Has A New Opinion Of The Alleged Trump-Russia ‘Pee Tape’ by Reason \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 Watch: Alex Jones Warned of The Q Deception 9 Months Ago by NewsWars \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 by The Federalist \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 Independent Panel Blames China, WHO For Acting Too Slowly To Contain COVID-19 Jan 19, 2021 \| Business & Economics Unemployment During the Pandemic Expected to Cause 900,000 US Deaths, New Economic Study Finds Signs Of Exuberance Warn Of Correction by Zero Hedge \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 It's Time for a National Divorce by Mises Wire \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 Bitcoin.com Founder Roger Ver Donates Two Major Gifts to the Foundation for Economic Education by Foundation for Economic Education \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 Anomalies in the Capitol Melee Jan 19, 2021 \| War & Peace by AntiWar.com \| Jan 19, 2021 \| 0 Free Speech Is Hard. Its Alternative Is Worse. by Ron Paul Institute \| Jan 18, 2021 \| 0 The Final Days Of Donald Trump Jan 19, 2021 \| Podcasts Ep. 1816 Is This Really the End of Trump and Trumpism? Fascism: When Big Government & Big Business Work Hand-in-Hand by Scott Horton \| Jan 18, 2021 \| 0 How COVID Paved The Road To Serfdom Jan 13, 2021 \| Business & Economics, Editor's Choice Why Libertarians Should Get on Gab Jan 10, 2021 \| Editorials Free Speech Platform Gab Reports 753% Surge In Traffic In 24 Hrs by Roger Sherman \| Jan 10, 2021 \| 0 11 of the Most Memorable Acts of Civil Disobedience in History by Foundation for Economic Education \| Jan 8, 2021 \| 0 The Capitol Riot Will Hurt The People Who Were Already Hurting Most by The Federalist \| Jan 7, 2021 \| 0 The Pardon Power May Be Broad, But that Does Not Mean a Self-Pardon Would Be Legit Posted by Reason \| Nov 30, 2020 \| Politics & Culture \| 0 Last week, a lame-duck President pardoned a turkey, as is traditional for the Thanksgiving holiday, and then pardoned a former agent of Turkey, which is not. Could the most untraditional of pardons—a self-pardon—be next? If so, then what? Article II, Section 2 of the Constitution provides that the President “shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against the United States, except in cases of impeachment.” This power, the pardon power, is among the broadest and least constrained of presidential powers. It has been described as “plenary,” and faces no real limits other than those indicated in the text: It only applies to federal crimes (“offenses against the United States”) and may not be used to overturn an impeachment conviction. Further, pardons must be for acts already committed–that is, the “offense” must have occurred–but it need not have been investigated or previously disclosed, let alone charged. (For those interested, here’s a good CRS report on the pardon power.) The President may offer a pardon to whomever the President wants, and for whatever reason. This is one reason the inclusion of a pardon power was controversial at the founding, and why some Anti-Federalists, such as George Mason, were upset about it (and why some folks, like my co-blogger Keith Whittington have urged its reform). Fortunately, throughout the nation’s history the pardon power is relatively rarely used to excuse corruption or protect a President’s cronies. Those few instances–such as President Clinton’s pardon of Marc Rich–are controversial precisely because they have been the exception, rather than the rule. Some have urged Congress to enact legislation to curb the pardon power, but I doubt such legislation would be constitutional. The pardon power is the President’s alone, and Congress lacks the power to constrain it. Congress might have the authority to require federal agencies that assist with the administration and execution of pardons and clemency to disclose information, but it is unlikely such legislative oversight could reach the President himself. As the Supreme Court made clear in Trump v. Mazars, Congress does not have free-standing authority to investigate the President for potential wrong-doing, and in the absence of any power to enact substantive legislation concerning the use of the pardon power, it is not clear what legitimate constitutional purpose legislative oversight or mandated disclosure concerning the President’s use of the pardon power would serve. President Trump has (thus far) been particularly stingy in his issuance of pardons. He has also been particularly self-interested, granting pardons and commutations to his political allies. Thus the pardon of Michael Flynn may have departed from historical practice, but it was not much of a surprise. Recall that President Bush did not pardon Scooter Libby (though Trump did). Some commentators have tried to argue that self-serving pardons of presidential allies and cronies are somehow constitutionally suspect, but I do not think these claims hold water. Dicta in lower court opinions noting the potential for constitutional constraints on the pardon power’s use concerned conditions placed on offers of clemency, and should not be taken to signify a broader anti-corruption limit on how the pardon power may be used or abused. Given the number of investigations into Trump’s financial and other dealings, there is widespread speculation that the President might try to pardon himself. But can he do that? He thinks so. Most academic commentators and (more importantly) the Department of Justice disagree. A 1974 Office of Legal Counsel memorandum concluded that self-pardons were not within the pardon power because it is inappropriate for the President to be a judge in his own case. The memo is thin, but represents the official position of the Department of Justice. In my view, Brian Kalt makes a more persuasive case against the legitimacy of self-pardons (and at greater length here). Tim Sandefur offers a contrary view, but I am not convinced by it. As I see it, the language, history, usage and understanding of the nature of a pardon all point in the opposite direction. [For more, see this “smorgasbord of views on self-pardoning” collected by Jack Goldsmith.] While I believe a self-pardon would not actually be a pardon and would be invalid, my opinion is unlikely to hold sway at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. So what happens if the President were to try and issue a self-pardon? It is an interesting question. Recall that the power only extends to federal crimes, so a self-pardon would not have any effect on potential state proceedings against Donald Trump once he leaves office. If Manhattan DA Cyrus Vance is inclined to pursue charges against Trump (or any of his relatives or associates, for that matter), a federal pardon will not stand in the way. As for federal crimes, note that the initial opportunity to weight the self-pardon’s validity would fall to the Department of Justice in weighing whether to bring federal criminal charges in the first place. As already noted, DOJ does not believe self-pardons are valid, and it is inconceivable that the Biden Administration would revise this view. So if the Justice Department were to conclude that Donald Trump committed federal offenses worthy of prosecution, the existence of an attempted “self-pardon” would not stand in the way of an indictment. No doubt any federal indictment would be met with an effort to dismiss the charges on the grounds that Trump was pardoned. Trump’s attorneys would no doubt raise this claim at the earliest opportunity. I suspect this claim would be met with skepticism, however, as it would contradict the longstanding and well-established view of the Justice Department. While OLC opinions are not binding on federal courts, they are taken seriously, and particularly so where (as here) they run counter the executive branch’s interests. OLC opinions typically embrace robust conceptions of executive power. Thus an OLC opinion counseling restraint is more notable, and is likely to get extra consideration as a result. [As an aside, it is still possible that OLC could reverse its position between now and January 20. Were that to occur, I suspect any resulting memo would be recognized as a last ditch effort to shore up the President’s position, and not a neutral, dispassionate analysis worthy of judicial respect, but that could depend on what any such memo says.] This is a long way of saying that if Trump tries to pardon himself, he could have a hard time making the pardon stick. It is certainly possible the Justice Department may have no interest in pursuing the former President, whether because it concludes there are no offenses worth pursuing, a sense of political comity, or a prudential judgment that state courts should get the first shot. But should there be such a prosecution, I doubt a self-pardon will offer ex-President Trump much protection in federal court. This post has been republished with permission from a publicly-available RSS feed found on Reason. The views expressed by the original author(s) do not necessarily reflect the opinions or views of The Libertarian Hub, its owners or administrators. Any images included in the original article belong to and are the sole responsibility of the original author/website. The Libertarian Hub makes no claims of ownership of any imported photos/images and shall not be held liable for any unintended copyright infringement. Submit a DCMA takedown request. -> Click Here to Read the Original Article <- PreviousFACT CHECK: Does This Video Show A Crowd Gathered For Diego Maradona’s Funeral Procession? NextUS Billionaires Have Gained $1 Trillion Since The Pandemic Started Jonathan H. Adler Founded in 1968, Reason is the magazine of free minds and free markets. We produce hard-hitting independent journalism on civil liberties, politics, technology, culture, policy, and commerce. Reason exists outside of the left/right echo chamber. Our goal is to deliver fresh, unbiased information and insights to our readers, viewers, and listeners every day. Visit https://reason.com Help Us Save the Internet: EFF Seeks a Tech Projects Director China Unveils Model for Perfect Social Score Trump Picks Up Two States In 24 Hours Federal Judge: Florida Can’t Block Voting Rights Because of Inability to Pay Court Fines Bringing together a variety of news and information from some of today’s most important libertarian thought leaders. All feeds are checked and refreshed every hour and pages auto-refresh every 15 minutes. External images are deleted after 30 days. Time since last refresh: 0 second Publish Your Own Article Follow The Libertarian Hub Support the Libertarian Hub by tipping with Bitcoin! Send BTC: 19PU2K7448gKxAvisR5cF6X5RquYfWu5vZ Don Jr. Likens ChiCom Takeover of White House to “Lion King” Ending January 19, 2021 Comey Has A New Opinion Of The Alleged Trump-Russia ‘Pee Tape’ January 19, 2021 Will Joe Biden Destroy Trump’s Legacy of Deregulation? January 19, 2021 The Florida Man Turned Kurdish Militiaman Turned Anti-Trump Vigilante January 19, 2021 Free Thought Project GaS Digital Network Libertarian Christian Institute NewsWars Tom Woods Weekly Newsletter SignupTop 5 Stories of the Week Subscribe to our newsletter to receive a weekly email report of the top five most popular articles on the Libertarian Hub! View Sample Newsletter	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17111
__label__cc	0.730182	0.269818	Retail Management: Streaming Videos from Films on Demand Selected Streaming Videos for Retail Management Some selected films on Retail Management. Addicted to Cheap Shopping? Why the Real Cost of Goods Keeps Going Down In this program, host Libby Potter travels around the world as she takes a meaningful look at the economics behind the inexpensive goods for sale in big-box stores and malls. Cost cutting through supply chain management and waste reduction, economies of scale achieved by shipping offshore-manufactured goods to market via super-container ships, the Wal-Mart effect, and the no-frills philosophy of IKEA are addressed. The triumphs and woes of China, in its role as manufacturer for the world, is given special attention, and the clothing industry is presented as a case study of the cheap goods cycle. But the program also considers the hidden societal costs of cheap goods, such as sweatshop labor and the environmental impact of cavalier over consumption, and questions how much longer prices will continue to drop as China’s standard of living rises. Competition and Market Regulation Antitrust laws, trade regulations, and property ownership work together to preserve the balance of rights among consumers, retailers, and employees. Module one of this program explains how citizens of Zurich voted to extend shopping hours, overturning an obsolete market intervention; module two examines fair competition in the case of Volkswagen/Audi v. The European Commission; and module three examines how Venice, in an absence of private property rights, is moving to restore its crumbling buildings. Independent America: The Two-Lane Search for Mom and Pop As big-box stores dominate the American retail landscape, how can small businesses compete and survive? In this program, former international reporter Hanson Hosein and former TV anchor Heather Hughes take a road trip through 32 states to find “independent America.” They have two rules: they cannot spend any money at corporate chains, including retail, restaurants, and hotels, and they cannot travel along interstate highways. In some towns, such as Arcata, California, they discover laws limiting the number of chain stores or restaurants within their borders. In other areas, like Marion, Virginia, they find that residents worked to revitalize their main street to keep local merchants in business. Retail, Marketing, and Sales People who love dealing with other people—and connecting them with stuff they want, in the process—are a natural for a rewarding career in retail, marketing, or sales. This program spends some quality face time with a retail sales manager, a merchandise manager, and a distribution manager; a marketing manager, a promotions manager, and a public relations specialist; and an advertising sales agent, a real estate agent, and an e-commerce specialist. A viewable/printable instructor’s guide is available online. This fact-filled video explains the general organization of a retail store and shows how the various parts of the organization work to present merchandise to customers effectively. In detail, retailers discuss how they plan and buy inventories and what they do as products arrive. Viewers learn solid information about the diverse opportunities available in the retail store environment as professionals explain retail finance, sales promotion, personnel, operations, and merchandising. Fashion coordinators, buyers, and sales associates also discuss how they help customers make buying choices. The Retailing Industry Retailing is no longer a supply-based industry, it is now consumer-led the world over, and this trend will intensify. What store format is likely to succeed in the future? How will supply and distribution systems provide a competitive edge? In developed countries, saturated markets and low population growth mean that the successful retailer will have to expand into growth markets, but how, and where are the emerging markets? Leading retailers from around the world discuss consumer trends, merchandising, marketing, new technologies, and strategies for growth. << Previous: Articles & Databases Next: Web Resources >>	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17112
__label__cc	0.693936	0.306064	It’s the word plaguing job hunters struggling in a competitive employment market and it could be a sign you need to refresh your mindset. Word to ban when job hunting by Jessica Wang There's no doubt that job hunting right now comes with additional challenges. The pandemic and recession has contributed to hundreds of thousands of Australians losing their jobs, with the increased competition in the employment market magnifying the stress that can come with looking for a new job. If this is you, maybe you're putting extra pressure on yourself to hunt through job ads while punishing yourself for taking a break. Or, perhaps you've noticed feelings of self doubt and a lack of confidence grow with every application that goes unanswered. While experiencing increased external and internal pressures during this time is normal, you may also have noticed the word 'should' creep into your internal dialogue. Phrases like 'I should have submitted that application sooner,' 'I should be writing my cover letter instead of spending time with friends,' or 'I should have answered that question better' may seem like harmless thoughts, but the loaded sentiments can undermine your self-worth during an already taxing process, says SEEK's resident psychologist Sabina Read. RELATED: Woman's career lesson after redundancy Protecting your mental health while job hunting Picture: iStock. "What I have observed in so many people is that the feelings of guilt are so overwhelming and 'the should' is so loud that they get up in the morning and think 'I have to get a job,'" she says in the SEEK your Mind podcast. "They're thinking all the time about job hunting but not necessarily actioning it, (and) the voices are so loud that they almost dominate every part of your day." In this case the overwhelming pressure of what "you should" do can spread into other areas of your life, causing you to abandon activities you normally find replenishing. "So you don't engage with friends. You might not walk the dog, you might not exercise," says Ms Read. The solution? Instead of being plagued by feelings of what you "should" do, Ms Read and career coach from RelaunchMe, Leah Lambart say there are a few tips you can use to job hunt productively and with less anxiety. HOW TO FIND BALANCE WHEN JOB HUNTING 1. Find other activities that give you energy To avoid the all-encompassing bleed that can come with looking for a job, Ms Read says it's important you give yourself "permission to do other things" you find fulfilling too. "Perhaps for three hours a day or two hours a day, say 'I will purposely, mindfully and productively attend to the job hunt'," she says. Finding your balance will put you in a better mindframe to showcase yourself to potential employers too, adds Ms Lambart. "When you are job hunting, it's more important than ever to find other activities that give you energy because when you're energised, you feel more confident and you need the confidence to take the action." RELATED: In-demand jobs boosting Aussie recovery While you’re waiting for responses you can also invest the time into a new creative project, hobby or upskill in your industry. Picture: iStock. 2. Set little (but specific) goals If you are struggling with motivation, assigning yourself small but achievable goals can help you tackle what initially seems like a daunting to do list. Sharing her advice for people who feel overwhelmed and paralysed, Ms Lambart advised her to start small by setting three small goals. "As soon as people start to lose confidence, that's when they do stop picking up the phone and calling people and that just compounds the problem," she says. "Even if she set herself, perhaps three little goals, really specific goals for each day that she needs to call this person and she puts that time in her diary so that she sticks with it." 3. Reframe your 'shoulds' If your 'shoulds' come from a place where you're grappling with a sense of uncertainty and a lack of control, think about ways to return "choice, control, purpose and clarity" into your day, says Ms Read. For example, if you're saying you 'should be getting more interviews' or 'should have gotten a job by now,' it may be helpful to remind yourself that while getting a job offer may be out of your control, you can use this time as an opportunity to upskill while you wait. "(It's not) about beating yourself up for what you think you should be doing but recognising that we have the ability to change the narrative to focus on what we have done and can do rather than what we can't." RELATED: Signs your job is making you sick Other common shoulds can include: ‘you should be job-hunting constantly,’ ‘you should be getting a certain number of interviews,’ or you should apply for every role you come across’. Picture: iStock. 4. How to get over the motivation hump While the job market is recovering - SEEK's latest employment report indicated an 8.5 per cent month-on-month growth in job ads from September to October - the reality is that the employment field is currently more competitive too. If you're experiencing feelings of demotivation or a lack of enthusiasm, Ms Read advises people not to wait for the emotion to trigger the action. Instead of saying things like "I'll apply for a job when I feel positive," you may need to acknowledge your negative feelings and "take action regardless," she says. "Getting yourself motivated becomes the biggest hurdle in the job hunt, and we have to find a way around that. "(Say) I'm not feeling ready, I'm not feeling confident, I know that about myself but despite that, I will take action and see what happens. Take on more of a curious mind set." This article was created in partnership with SEEK Originally published as Word to ban when job hunting What happens after you lose your dream job employment job hunting job search australia work Premium Content House burns at North Deep Creek overnight News Five fire crews rushed to the scene, with firefighters working into the early hours... Premium Content NAMED: 7 people to face court in Gympie today News The full list of people facing Gympie Magistrates Court today on various charges. Politics Donald Trump delivers farewell speech	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17115
__label__cc	0.509735	0.490265	Ethnicity and Parole This site provides access to the text of Home Office Findings 222 which was published in February 2004. It presents the findings of a survey of race and parole which analysed 6,208 decisions made by the Parole Board between 1999-2000. Topics considered include: whether there is evidence of institutional racial discrimination in parole decision making. r222.pdf Copyright © Crown Copyright Research, Development and Statistics Directorate	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17119
__label__cc	0.745513	0.254487	ABOUT RIDER DATABASE MGP TV RESULTS TRACKINTEL SHOP PARTNERS MEDIA CONTACT RIDER DATABASE MGP TV TRACKINTEL Recieve news directly to your email. No spam will be sent to you. Previous Main Page Next Remembering Paul Collins Paul’s funeral service will take place on Friday 2 October at St. Ninians Church at 11.00 am by MMCC Paul “Stealth” Collins UPDATED 28/09: Many from the local road racing community, especially within the Manx Grand Prix, have been saddened in the last day or so to learn of the passing of Paul “Stealth” Collins following a short illness. He was a popular and much respected gentleman in road racing and was responsible for helping many riders over the last 30 or so years. Paul was originally from Waltham, near Grimsby. He was a very competitive racer in his younger days, mainly at his local Cadwell Park. He was a staunch member of the Grantham Pegasus club and regularly helped out with many other jobs including scrutineering. He always hoped to compete in the Manx but, typically, he spent most of his time helping others to achieve their MGP ambitions instead. Among the bikes he raced were an ex-Tony Head Honda 500 and a few TZ Yamaha’s, one of which was a 374cc for him to compete in the 500cc class. He first began attending the MGP regularly in the mid 1980’s with fellow Lincolnshire racer Ian Tunstall who competed in the Manx several times. They were based in a garage in the lane behind Marathon Drive, not too far from the MGP paddock. Paul often used to say they were rarely out of the garage, such was the workload keeping the early TZ’s running for two weeks at the Manx. His only “escape” was a walk round to the little shop which he fondly remembered as “Arkwright’s” as that was what it reminded him of. They sold anything and everything! Sadly, the shop disappeared some years ago, but Paul often would pop in there many years later for a chat with the shopkeeper. He was an absolute master working on racing two-strokes. He told me he learned a lot from being friendly with the RAF lads as they were very meticulous and much of their advice was incorporated into his own preparation. He also was notoriously laid-back and even the biggest blow-ups caused him little worry. Just the sort of person you needed with you when the chips were down and you were struggling to qualify. Paul loved the MGP more so than any other meeting within road racing. In particular the two- strokes. He loved having a chat with anyone else who was running a TZ or RS and knew many of the riders well, often listening to their tales of woe and suggesting a solution, very often getting his own hands dirty to get someone out in the next practice session. When Ian Tunstall stopped coming to the Manx, Paul spent a few years helping Willaston rider Barry Wood. He provided invaluable assistance to Barry during those years and even helped pinpoint a TZ 250 for Barry to buy near Market Rasen, not far from his home. Then he began helping out mutual close friend Russell Henley and finally, following a typical “all-nighter” working on Russ’ bike, was first there in the winners enclosure to congratulate Russ on winning the Lightweight race in 1996. Paul became close friends with Martin Bullock and Alan and Mike Kelly of Mannin Collections. He continued as a key part of their racing teams for several years. He also struck up a great friendship with Laxey rider Nigel Beattie and was a great help in his Mountain course career. He always said that one day he hoped to be able to live on the Isle of Man where he had spent so many happy years and eventually he was able to realise this personal ambition. He started his own Health and Safety consultancy business and moved into Ashfield Lodge on Glencrutchery Road where he lived for a few years. He loved telling people the story that he lived at more or less the spot where John Hartle’s works MV Agusta burnt out at the TT in 1958. Lately Paul took great pleasure in assisting all the MGP Newcomers in their Pit Lane briefing, prior to their first race on the Mountain Course. Paul “Stealth” Collins will be missed by many within the local road racing scene. He was always there in the background, helping out wherever and whenever he was able to. Many MGP riders have much to thank him for. Manx Grand Prix Tweets by Manx Grand Prix Share this on: Share Tweet Daley Mathison MMCC - New President MGP2018 STATEMENT ISSUED ON BEHALF OF THE MANX MOTOR CYCLE CLUB STATEMENT - James Cowton MGP 2020 - Winners Race Manx Grand Prix Centenary Book Home of the Manx Grand Prix Races, operated by the Manx Motor Cycle Club Manx Grand Prix Races © 2021.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17121
__label__wiki	0.550529	0.550529	Married Biography / Biography / Jeremy Scott Jeremy Scott Bio (fashion designer and creative fashion director) Facts of Jeremy Scott $2 m US $60 k US 5 feet 10 inches (1.78m) Scottish-American fashion designer and creative fashion director Pratt Institute, New York Virgo, Cancer, Capricorn View more / View fewer Facts of Jeremy Scott Relationship Statistics of Jeremy Scott What is Jeremy Scott marital status ? (single, married, in relation or divorce): Is Jeremy Scott having any relationship affair ?: Is Jeremy Scott gay ?: Jeremy Scott is currently single. He has a very close relationship with various popular celebrities and fashion stars. Scott always posts his fashion work on his social media pages. He is famous for his contribution to the fashion industry as a fashion designer. 1 Who is Jeremy Scott? 2 Jeremy Scott- Birth Age, Family, Education 3 Jeremy Scott- Career 3.1 Scott- Controversy 3.2 Awards and honors 4 Net worth, Salary 5 Body Measurement, Height, Weight Who is Jeremy Scott? American Jermy Scott is a fashion designer and creative fashion director. He is well known as the owner of the namesake label and a creative director of the fashion house Moschino. Jeremy Scott- Birth Age, Family, Education Jeremy Scott was born on August 8, 1975, in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, to Sandy Scott and Jim Scott. He graduated from Pratt Institute, New York, in 1996. Jeremy Scott- Career Scott started his career worked in Paris Fashion Week in the 1990s. For his beginning career, he did several shows in France. His spring Ready-to-wear collection was shown in the 2000 runway through Vogue magazine. Scott worked with various fashion celebrities, such as Cameron Diaz, Kylie Minogue, Yelle, Lady Gaga, Hayley Williams, Gwen Stefani, Kanye West, Bjork, Lindsay Lohan, etc. In 1997, he participated in the Rich White Women, catwalk presentation held in Paris. This show fashioned about asymmetrical trouser cuts and malfunctioned t-shirts. The following year he designed in the show, Contrapied. In 2008, Scott cooperates with Addidas and released different clothes as well as footwear collections. Previously, he made jacquard in silk collaborating with Addidas, which includes an image of scattered money, only a hundred pieces are made in 2002. Scott started working in an Italian luxury fashion house, Moschino, as a creative director, in October 2013. Scott- Controversy In 2012, Scott charged by the Adidas in order to stop the JS Roundhouse Mids selling and distribution process. He criticized for resembling shackles and copying their product. But, he denied it and said he inspired by My Pet Monster, a Kid’s toy. Besides, he said in an interview that sometimes mistaken to understand the designer ideology and he is fine with it. In 2013, Scott also blamed for copying the design of Santa Cruz Skateboards. This incident stops his designing this conflict product production. In 2000, Scott received the ANDAM Fashion Award and the Womenswear Designer of the Year award in 2015, at Annual Fashion Los Angels. He nominated for the Best Young Designer by the Council of Fashion Designer of America in 1999. He was honored with the best new designer award in 1998 as well as in 1999. In 2017, he involved in the fashions at the Dallas Contemporary museum, on the 20th anniversary. Net worth, Salary Scott’s net worth is approximately $2 million US. As of his Instagram, his average earning is between $4.6 k to $7.7 k US per post. The fashion designer average base salary is $60 k US. It can be varied according to company size and years of experience. Body Measurement, Height, Weight Scott has dark brown eyes and black hair. His height is 5 feet 10 inches and weight is 70 kg. Scott has 2.3 million followers on Instagram and has above 4 k posts on his Instagram wall. He followed a personality like Jordan Roth, Hot Girl Meg, Hailey Clauson, and Barbie Ferreira. Besides, Scott has 337 k followers on Twitter. He joined Twitter in April 2009. He shared his upcoming fashion shows and news about his different activities through social media. You may also read more about the birth facts, education, family, career, net worth, salary, rumors, Body stats, height, weight, social media of different personalities like Randy Fenoli, Christian Siriano, Ashley Olsen, and Mandana Mani. Ashley Eckstein Tags : American Fashion Designer Fashion Desigher Related Posts on Jeremy Scott Why is Kirstin Maldonado and fiance Jeremy Michael Lewis not married yet? Find her net worth, instagram and biography… Who is Diane Alexander? Know about her relationship with Lionel Richie, daughter Sofia Richie, net worth, biography Insight on married life of Nara Pellman and husband Lucky Blue Smith! Know about her children, net worth, social media, biography Natali Germanotta Jada Crawley	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17123
__label__cc	0.646217	0.353783	FARTEIN VALEN (1887-1952): 3 Gedichte von Goethe, Op. 6, Mignon - 2 Gedichte von Goethe, Op. 7, KETIL HVOSLEF (b.1939): From the Gospel According to Mary Magdalene, JOSTEIN STALHEIM (b.1960): Ophelia Scene. Label: LAWO Classics Reference: LWC10767 Description: Valen's Opp. 6 and 7 songs were written soon after he arrived at the idiom toward which he had been working; an atonal polyphony, as rigorous as that of Bach, avoiding tonal harmonic progressions in the manner of atonal Schoenberg. The three little Op.6 miniatures are intricately contrapuntal, melodically beautiful and delicate. The Mignon songs, with their longer texts and wider emotional range, are harmonically fuller, with a greater sense of melody and fully-textured accompaniment, and distinct suggestions of temporary tonal centers in their overall freely atonal idiom. Hvoslef sets passages from the esoteric teachings of the text in extremely spare textures, crystalline and admitting of maximum intelligibility of the words. Within a phrase, intervals are narrow, often suggesting the austerity of plainchant, while the accompaniment consists of little, often repeating gestures, sometimes chords of luminous tonal harmony. A kind of insistence on the text is provided by passages in ostinato patterns and persistent patterns. Stalheim's 'scene' is a very effective rendering of the essence of Ophelia's mad scene from Hamlet. By extracting excerpts from the text spoken by Ophelia, ranging from irrational ravings to words that would, in another context, be innocent and childlike, Stalheim presents a concentrated portrait of an unhinged mind. Sometimes the vocal line breaks into abrupt fragments and stuttered syllables, while the piano enhances the atmosphere with interjections in odd registers and textures; sometimes - even more disturbingly - the melody is simple, diatonic, folksong-like, while the piano subverts the innocent mood with chromatic slitherings woven around the voice. German-English and English texts. Bettina Smith (mezzo), Einar Røttingen (piano).	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17126
__label__wiki	0.618153	0.618153	Bouddha Mahachaitya’s reconstruction encouraging Kathmandu : Prime Minister Pushpa Kamal Dahal said the reconstruction of the Bouddha Mahachaitya damaged during the earthquake will be act as an encouragement for reconstruction of other quake hit areas. At a ceremony held to mark the occasion of the completion of the renovation and reconstruction of Mahachaitya here, PM Dahal said it imparted a positive message that big tasks can be successfully completed in time if there is a will power to drive it. The PM praised the abundance of support from individuals and organizations within the country and outside. “It is a matter of happiness and pride that the reconstruction of the Mahachaitya is being carried out with independence, responsibility and seriousness,” PM Dahal added. “We are at an historic phase of reconstruction. The responsibility is on our shoulders to reconstruct the damaged houses of the people on the one side and rebuild the archaeological heritages on the other side,” he further added. Also speaking on the occasion, Minister for Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation Jeeban Bahadur Shahi said the existing laws prevent the timely reconstruction of the quake-affected structure and they should be revised. Vice President of Buddhist Association of China, Buddhist master Yin Shun, highlighting the religious and historic importance of the Mahachaitya, said it is the holy shrine for all the Buddhists across the world. Bouddhanath Area Development Trust Chair Sampurna Kumar Lama, Buddhist master Mingyur Rinpochhe, committee member Chameli Kumari Lama and executive director Phupu Yangzi Lama shared information about the Mahachaitya’s the reconstruction works, extending gratitude to all those assisting in it. The rebuilding of the Mahachaitya had begun on February 11, 2016 and various and organisations provided monetary assistance of Rs 2.9 million for so.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17129
__label__wiki	0.846529	0.846529	German police search dozens of sites in child pornography investigation COLOGNE, Germany (Reuters) - German police on Thursday raided dozens of locations and confiscated more than 330 data carriers as they searched for child pornography belonging to 56 people charged with acquiring and storing the illegal material, a prosecutor said. The raids in the western state of North Rhine-Westphalia were carried out on the basis of information provided by the U.S.-based National Center for Missing & Exploited Children. German media said houses and flats were searched. "We expect the material to result in new investigations and this means the mountain of data we have to process will become bigger," said Cologne Senior Public Prosecutor Ulrich Bremer. German cyber crime investigators in June uncovered a massive online network of at least 30,000 people who share child pornography and exchange advice on how to sedate and abuse minors. The scale of the network stunned investigators, and justice authorities in North Rhine-Westphalia set up a special task force to find the suspects and bring them to justice. (Reporting by Reuters TV; Writing by Joseph Nasr, Editing by Alexandra Hudson) Disney Leaders Bob Iger, Bob Chapek Forgo Bonuses, but Still Rake in Millions Bob Iger and Bob Chapek, the two men in charge of the Walt Disney Company, saw their pay packages shrink in 2020 after forgoing bonuses that could have added millions of dollars to their compensation. The belt-tightening came after Disney announced it would lay off 32,000 people, with most of those cuts coming in its […] Surfer Shreds Maui's Massive Peahi 'Jaws' Break Surfer Francisco Porcella took on a massive wave at the Peahi break, nicknamed “Jaws,” in Maui, Hawaii, on Saturday, January 16.According to photographer Randy Sarrow of Blue Wave Maui Photography, the wave Porcella rode was over 50 feet tall.Hawaii.com says Jaws produces waves of up to 70 feet and 30 mph between November and March. Peahi means wave – as in to beckon – in the Hawaiian language and the extreme conditions attract professional athletes keen to take on the challenge each year. Credit: Randy Sarrow/Blue Wave Maui Photography via Storyful Introducing Our New Country Living Mattress Collection! Rest assured: There's no better way to hit the hay.From Country Living Euphoria unveils trailer for special episode 2 ahead of early launch It's time to hear from Jules. One man’s quest for the COVID-19 vaccine: Tips to remember when it’s your time to be immunized Trying to get an appointment for a COVID-19 vaccine on the day that eligibility was expanded to new age groups in Washington state would be a familiar experience to anyone who’s tried to get a hot movie ticket, a cheap airfare or season tickets to Kraken hockey games. I’ve been through all of those trials, and my efforts to work through the online hiccups and fast-disappearing slots are likely to be replicated in the months ahead as efforts to quell the coronavirus pandemic continue to ramp up. Bottom line? Sharpen your searching skills, don’t wait for an invitation, and pursue… Read More The incoming administration of U.S. President-elect Joe Biden is considering creating a White House position focused on competition policy and issues relating to antitrust, two sources familiar with internal deliberations said. The idea remains under consideration and the Biden White House may not ultimately make the move, one of the sources said. "It is yet to be determined if this will be more of a coordinator kind of a role or if this person will really sit at the White House," said another source. JD Scott Eases Fans Concerns After Jonathan Scott Posts Family Photo Without Zooey Deschanel Photoshop saves the day! It wasn’t in the form of his usual drawings, but Jim Carrey made sure he paid tribute to Trump’s four-year presidency in a unique way. The actor posted a tweet on Tuesday that included a video of Trump making a speech on CNBC. The short video plays in slow motion, with no words and only unruly bagpipe music in the background. It includes Carrey throwing a paper towel roll at the television and manages to slyly mock the outgoing leader in just 25 seconds. “How do you spell relief?” asks a caption that plays over the video, before following up with the answer: “I spell it…GOODBYE!” pic.twitter.com/22fbeUUyeo — Jim Carrey (@JimCarrey) January 19, 2021 Carrey’s feelings toward Trump aren’t exactly a secret. But given how hard he throws that paper towel roll, we’re pretty sure he’s more than a little excited that as of tomorrow, Trump’s presidency will be over. Over the past four years, the actor-turned-artist has used his platform to spotlight his dislike of the 45th president by posting cartoons and drawings that depict Trump and his administration in not-so-flattering ways — from the mismanaged handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, to FOX News and their biased reporting, to mocking the pro-Trump rioters who recently stormed the Capitol. Also Read: Jim Carrey Needles Sen Kelly Loeffler Over COVID 'Blood Money' in New Cartoon While Carrey will probably continue making cartoons in the era of the new administration, let’s hope that (for as brilliant as the past four years of his work were), they’re a little more peaceful. And while we’re sure he never wants to draw anything relating to Trump again at this point, maybe we can look forward to a return of his famous drawings depending on what happens after Trump leaves the White House. Today is the last full day that Trump is in office. Tomorrow, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris will be sworn in as president and vice president of the United States. Read original story Jim Carrey Celebrates the End of Trump’s Presidency by Throwing Paper Towels at TV At TheWrap Natural gas terminal plans in Oregon hit snag over permit Plans for a major West Coast liquified natural gas pipeline and export terminal hit a snag Tuesday with federal regulators after a years-long legal battle that has united tribes, environmentalists and a coalition of residents on Oregon's rural southern coast against the proposal. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission ruled that energy company Pembina could not move forward with the proposal without a key clean water permit from the state of Oregon. It had appealed to the commission over the state's clean water permit, arguing that Oregon had waived its authority to issue a clean water certification for the project and therefore its denial of the permit was irrelevant. Music Industry Moves: Business Manager Josh Klein Launches New Firm; Concord Names Chief People Officer Business manager Josh Klein (pictured at left), whose clients include The Chainsmokers, Big Sean, Logic and Winnie Harlow, among others, has launched TKG Business Management. The company will be based in Beverly Hills and offer such services as business management, tax work, and personal CFO services to high net worth individuals. Klein has been recognized […] Vogue will publish a limited edition of its latest issue featuring a different photo of Vice-President-elect Kamala Harris after the original cover image sparked controversy, the magazine said Tuesday.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17132
__label__wiki	0.537633	0.537633	Food \| August 28, 2019 Top 10 Unusual Facts Involving Chocolate Jana Louise Smit In one form or another, chocolate has been with mankind for centuries. The delectable snack has an unusual European history. First viewed with suspicion, chocolate became medicine and finally turned thousands into chocoholics. This popularity hides the industry’s nasty side. A chocolate coating is a smuggler’s best friend, and companies sell dangerous products. In Japan, female workers are forced to hand out chocolates or face the consequences in their professional lives. 10 Chocolate’s Aroma Compounds Chocolate’s butter, which essentially is fat, is loaded with 600 aroma molecules. Oddly, some smell nothing like the glorious treat. In fact, the aromas of several molecules are more like potato chips, cooked meat, and peaches. When scientists studied the 600 chemicals, they discovered that chocolate makers only need 25 to create a delectable cocoa scent. This is important because the flavor people taste comes from their sense of smell. Once you pop a chocolate into your mouth, the butter melts and the molecules disperse within the oral and nasal passages. Two things make it so tasty—the high-fat content and the slow release of the compounds. For this reason, those seeking to fully enjoy chocolate must savor it. When eaten too quickly, the chemicals fail to do their thing and a lot of the flavor is lost.[1] 9 The Surprising Power Of Packaging In 2019, a study required chocolate testers. A stampede of 75 people volunteered. They ate chocolates without seeing any wrappers. Then they looked at wrappers without doing any tasting. Finally, they enjoyed the treats with their packaging nearby. The last part came with six commercial themes: fun, bold, everyday, healthy, special, and premium. With each package, the participants had to describe the feelings the product evoked as well as score the taste and the likelihood of buying it in the future. There was no difference among the chocolates themselves. However, the packaging had a surprising influence on the ratings. Flavor scores dropped when the wrapping was absent or disappointing. The chocolate tasted better when the packaging was visible, carried positive words, or had extra bling. As it turned out, fancy wrappings created the strongest attraction and led to a higher chance that the volunteers would purchase it. Although the taste was a big factor, the product’s looks were surprisingly powerful. The tasty experiment backed up other studies that found packaging was the deciding factor in nearly 60 percent of consumers’ decisions to buy or ignore a product.[2] 8 Origins Of The Mocha Frappuccino Bread lore credits the invention of the sandwich to John Montagu, the 4th Earl of Sandwich. When researchers dug around his family tree, they found that his great-great-grandfather could have sipped on the first mocha frappuccino. In 2013, a 350-year-old recipe was found and the author was Sir Edward Montagu. He was an avid chocoholic during a time when England viewed the newly introduced concept of chocolate with suspicion. When chocolate was first advertised in the 1600s, the public feared that the substance could cause problems like hemorrhoids and organ damage. The latter was blamed on iced chocolate concoctions. Sir Edward liked his concoctions. His recipe called for the chocolate to be mixed with snow and salt, shaken in a flask until curdled, and then consumed with a spoon. It produced a drink similar to the iced chocolate made in coffee shops today.[3] The earl believed the warnings. But he practiced what he thought was a countermeasure for the organ damage—to drink hot chocolate 15 minutes after the frozen snack. 7 Hot Chocolate’s Tastiest Colors Photo credit: Live Science In the past, scientists discovered a curious fact about taste. Flavor in food is often affected by its price, verbal description, and the color of the plate. In 2013, a study searched for any colors that might enhance hot chocolate’s flavor. The researchers gathered 57 volunteers and fed them cups of hot chocolate. All cups were white on the inside. But on the outside, they were either red, orange, white, or cream. After every serving, the participants had to rate how much they enjoyed the drink. Nearly everyone agreed that the hot chocolate tasted better when drunk from a cream or orange cup. This was a little mysterious. Volunteers were given an identical beverage to ensure that the hot chocolate itself remained constant. Nobody said that the drink was any sweeter or more aromatic. But for some reason, sipping from an orange or cream cup was just more flavorful.[4] 6 The Nobel Link Photo credit: Smithsonian Magazine Chocolate consumption has several benefits. According to research, fans can look forward to glorious mouthfuls as well as a healthier heart, mind, and blood pressure. But an increased chance of winning the Nobel Prize? In 2012, Dr. Franz Messerli published his study in The New England Journal of Medicine. Strangely, it claimed that hoovering up cocoa might boost the likelihood of winning the prestigious award. However, an individual person would not evolve into a genius after a single (or 50) chocolate bars. Messerli looked at the big picture. He compared different countries, counting how much chocolate each consumed and how many Nobel laureates and winners they produced. Apparently, the higher the munchies, the more genius there was. If you think it sounds ridiculous, you are in good company—Messerli agreed that the whole thing was ridiculous. Although his data was sound, it did not mean that his “link” between chocolate and Nobel Prizes was a real thing. He published it as real anyway to make a point about how connections made by science are not always correct.[5] 5 Chocolate Syrup Was A Medicine Any self-respecting sundae has syrup. Chances are excellent that patrons would choose chocolate syrup. It may be hard to imagine, but this sticky form of heaven did not start out as a treat. The first customers were pharmacists in the 1800s. They purchased bitter cocoa powder from a company that remains known today—Hershey’s—and mixed the powder with large doses of sugar to make a thick syrup. Chocolate was already a treatment for those suffering from wasting disease, but the syrup had another purpose. Remember, this was the 1800s. All remedies tasted like the inside of a shoe. When mixed with the syrup, difficult patients like kids readily accepted gross-tasting medicines.[6] The syrup’s transition from the drug store to the kitchen hinged on the poverty of pharmacists. The industry was not yet profitable, and many sold snacks on the side, including sodas and ice cream. It did not take long for somebody to add chocolate syrup to these. 4 Chocolate-Coated Ivory The ivory trade was banned in 1989, but the black market for elephant tusks never died. Based on the amount of confiscated ivory, around 50,000 elephants were poached in 2011. Smugglers do bizarre things to move their loot across borders. In 2013, officials in Macau checked the luggage of two South Africans. They became suspicious when they found 583 chocolate bars. What raised the real red flag, however, was the weight of the treats. The stash weighed 34 kilograms (75 lb).[7] The wrappers were removed, and the candy was dipped in warm water. The chocolate coating melted away and revealed ivory with a worth of more than $76,000. Disguising ivory as chocolate is creative, but this was not the first time. The previous year, over 90 ivory seals were found wrapped in chocolate packaging. They were destined for Taiwan from South Africa. 3 Giri Choco On Valentine’s Day, lovers present their sweethearts with chocolates. In Japan, things are different and it is getting on people’s nerves. Female nerves. There is a tradition called giri choco (“obligation chocolates”). Women are expected to give male coworkers the sweet treats on Valentine’s Day. A woman must spend thousands of yen, struggle with what is appropriate, choose to whom to give the chocolates, and face possible backlash from those who did not receive any. Needless to say, this can lead to abusive situations in the workplace like harassment and unfair treatment. Several companies have now banned the practice. During a 2019 survey, 60 percent of women said they would rather eat the chocolates themselves, over 56 percent said they would spoil family on Valentine’s Day with chocolates, and 36 percent planned to give some chocolates to men—but voluntarily and because it was either a romantic partner or a crush. It seems that giri choco is not going to be around much longer. Only 35 percent of the women in the survey said they planned to hand out chocolates to male coworkers.[8] 2 Snortable Chocolate Photo credit: usnews.com Novelty remains an excellent sales tactic. However, when a company started selling chocolate that customers could inhale, health experts became alarmed. In 2017, Legal Lean introduced the product in the United States. Called Coco Loko, it was a container with 10 “snorts” that cost around $24.99. The powder was advertised as a drug-free way to feel euphoric. But its claims of instant energy and motivation did not win fans among medical specialists. Doctors felt that nothing—chocolate included—should be snorted without a very good reason. Coco Loko’s potential to harm consumers has never been studied. As a powder consisting of raw cacao and energy drink ingredients like taurine and guarana, it could create problems inside the nose and lungs. The Food and Drug Administration never authenticated the product’s claims, either. At least the company was honest about its products. On its website, a warning stated that Legal Lean products could hamper the “ability to drive a car or operate machinery” and “may cause health problems.”[9] 1 Nestle’s Child Labor The chocolate giant Nestle has a big demon. For years, accusations of child labor dogged the company. One case involved kidnap victims who described how guards cut open the feet of any child who tried to escape the cocoa farms. Facing pressure, the company commissioned the Fair Labor Association (FLA) to do annual audits in Ivory Coast, which remains the biggest supplier of cocoa in the world. In 2014, the FLA visited 260 farms supplying Nestle. The picture was not rosy. There were 56 children under age 18, of which 27 were below 15 years old. Around 24 kids received no education because they had to work alongside their adult families. At least one child was forced to work with no pay.[10] While the FLA ruled that Nestle had made a substantial effort to rectify the situation, it persisted because the farmers failed to implement the company’s ban on child labor. Human rights lawyers were less kind. They insist that Nestle cannot solve the complex problem—or does not want to—and that an independent authority must regulate the industry. Read more fascinating facts about chocolate and chocolate candies on 10 Fascinating Facts About the World of Chocolate and 10 Fascinating Facts About M&M’S. Top 10 Unusual Facts Involving Chalk 10 Unusual Facts And Finds Involving Eggs Top 10 Unusual Finds Involving Rare Remains 10 Unusual Stories Involving Drunk Animals 10 Unusual Finds And Studies Involving Pterosaurs 10 Unusual Stories And Studies Involving Sheep Top 10 Painful Facts And Calamities Involving… Top 10 Curious Facts Involving Ancient Poop Top 10 Intriguing Facts Involving Iron Jana earns her beans as a freelance writer and author. She wrote one book on a dare and hundreds of articles. Jana loves hunting down bizarre facts of science, nature and the human mind. Read More: Facebook Smashwords HubPages Top 10 Foods That Were Invented By Complete Accident 10 Dangerous Local Foods 10 Unfortunate Deaths Caused By Food 10 Unbelievable Soda Flavors 10 Important Advances Made Because Of Beer Top 10 Tips for Great Home-cooking	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17136
__label__cc	0.740026	0.259974	‘Young people of ireland i love you’ speech, 3 Posted by on 3 septiembre, 2019 Davante Adams, Rodgers’ favorite target in Green Bay, blasted Bleacher Report’s Tyler Dunne for speaking on a subject without gathering all the facts. Join us at the VIP Party presented by High Bank inside Nationwide https://www.customjerseysclub.com before each 2019 Stanley Cup Playoff home game! From being drafted high in the 2006 NHL Entry Draft to his battle with cancer and subsequent trade to the Toronto Maple Leafs, Kessel’s career started off with as many peaks as it had valleys. Even if you avoid the foods that could send your blood pressure https://www.ChinaBestJersey.com the roof, your zero-calorie cola habit could be adding some risk. I can’t tell you how many new friends I’ve made at these camps, says Savard. is out of the lineup for Sunday’s game against the Orioles, Brian McTaggart of reports. The Hawks will enter off a 149 defeat at Orlando on Friday, when they allowed 81 points in the first half, so a better brand of defense could be expected Sunday no matter who the Bucks put on the court. He suffered a similar-looking incident at Boston College in 2016. A classic https://www.rutlandraiders.com par four. KJ Simon had 12 points for Troy , which ended its six-game losing streak. Her younger brother Amir Bashir, who qualified the civil services exams in 2016 and 2017, was an inspiration for her. • Follow Batson on Instagram at @Camb_13. Only 2 into proceedings, the Flames’ beloved right-winger rooted out a loose puck, swung around the net and slung a wraparound behind rookie goaltender Bob Essensa to reach the 1 mark for a career. Tuition fees start from €82 . It all starts with our ancestors because our ancestors could have never seen https://www.xszpack.com day , Jean said. In addition to their new acquisition Darling, the Hurricanes already have Ward and Lack . Up three places to 22, the SDA Bocconi School of Management, part of the Università Bocconi in Milan, offers a selection of full and part-time MBA programs, each with a different combination of language, duration, structure and format. Baron Davis had 13 points and 10 assists. You may have noticed Portals on your tickets – we’ve numbered every entrance into the bowl so that you know which entrance is easiest to get to your seats from – no more climbing over a row of people! North Carolina scored three touchdowns in the second half and led 35 at halftime. The Chevrolet Tahoe feels every bit as truckish as the Silverado platform it rides on.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17146
__label__wiki	0.568929	0.568929	Two bronze medals for Tonga at Special Olympics Thursday, July 30, 2015 - 21:25. Updated on Wednesday, December 9, 2015 - 10:08. Tonga has won its first two bronze medals at the Special Olympics World Summer Games in Los Angles, USA. Special Olympics World Summer Games Tomasi Ma'asi Fane Helu Vanessa Heleta Read more about Two bronze medals for Tonga at Special Olympics	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17147
__label__cc	0.721953	0.278047	Marshall Craft Associates Facilities Solutions Planning + Programming Cultural + Civic Historic + Adaptive Reuse Pre-K – 12 Education Science + Research Joining Forces under one roof VETERANS AFFAIRS MEDICAL CENTER Achieving new heights at the VA DUNS: 147251888 \| CAGE Code: 0M2Z9 MCA’s successful work for U.S. federal agencies and organizations spans our full range of core competencies and project types – from healthcare to research, from workspace to workplace, and from Master Planning through Design and Construction. We have great respect for the missions of the agencies we support and are proud to serve as their trusted partner – often as an extension of their staff. Working under a variety of contract mechanisms and acquisition strategies, our planners and design professionals create environments that are efficient, resilient, sustainable, and focus on the health and wellbeing of the people that use them. Our professional staff is skilled in helping federal agencies build consensus and address operational challenges. We understand the nature and intent of a wide-range of federal guidance, regulations, standards, and specifications, and are successful at navigating projects through funding cycles and phases, when necessary. MCA appreciates the varied and unique design considerations within the federal market, including anti-terrorism/force protection, security, high-hazard research and manufacturing operations, energy reduction mandates, and historic properties. Our team’s leadership, experience, technical capabilities, and thorough approach to project management, have led to MCA’s exceptional past performance ratings and our extensive private sector experience enhances our ability to provide thought-leadership and innovative approaches to our government clients. NAICS Codes and Contracts MCA is qualified under the following North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes: 541310 Architectural Services (Primary, Small Business) 541320 Landscape Architectural Services 541340 Drafting Services 541350 Building Inspection Services 541410 Interior Design Services 541420 Industrial Design Services 541430 Graphic Design Services 541490 Other Specialized Design Services 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services (Small Business) 541614 Process, Physical Distribution and Logistics Consulting Services (Small Business) 541690 Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services (Small Business) 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services (Small Business) 561320 Temporary Help Services (Small Business) MCA has performed under many different contract mechanisms and roles for our federal clients: As prime consultant As a sub-consultant Owner’s Architect of Record Owner (Part 1) Architect for Design Build Contractor (Part 2) Architect for Design Build Under IDIQ contracting environments Civilian Federal Agencies Each federal organization we work with has its own unique standards, procurement requirements, and specialized needs for design and technical competencies. However, they are alike in expecting a consistent approach to project management, communication, quality assurance, and on-time/on-budget performance – all areas in which MCA has a superb track record with our federal clients. We have provided planning, design, and construction administration services for many civilian federal agencies and organizations, including: Smithsonian Institution (an Independent Federal Trust organization) United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) United States Postal Service (USPS) We have provided services for both private and public sector projects designed and constructed under federally-funded research grants in conformance with their applicable requirements, through organizations such as: MCA feels it is a privilege to work for the Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest federal agency. Since 1986, we have supported hundreds of projects across the four DoD military branches, as well as multiple DoD Intelligence agencies. We assist these organizations with making informed and fiscally-responsible design decisions – while recognizing that the military mission and personnel wellbeing come first. MCA finds this work challenging and extremely rewarding. Given the diverse nature of DoD installations, we’ve had the opportunity to work on a myriad of facility types, including research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) laboratories, historic chapels, explosives assembly facilities, SCIF, BEQs, aircraft hangars, dining halls and welcome centers. MCA’s experience is both broad and deep. DoD installations have unique characteristics, land development constraints, and technical and operational challenges that require creative solutions and out-of-the-box thinking. We excel at meeting with and building consensus among various stakeholders, including senior leadership, planners, engineers, regulatory agencies, community interest groups, and environmental representatives. During a time of decreased new construction budgets, MCA is skilled at identifying alternative funding strategies, phased implementation approaches, and innovative facility re-use options, bringing new life and improved efficiencies to aging facilities while respecting their historic context. MCA is honored to have supported a wide variety of DoD agencies, including: Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Army Criminal Investigation Command (CID) Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM) Defense Cyber Crime Center (DC3) Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) Defense Security Service (DSS) Naval Criminal Investigative Service (NCIS) Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) Walter Reed National Military Medical Center (WRNMMC) MILCON Planning and Programming Since 1986, MCA has been privileged to work for various Department of Defense (DoD) agencies. We support military construction (MILCON) projects from “cradle to grave” – from concept through construction. MCA’s planners assist our clients with scope development, requirements analysis, site selection, and programming, ultimately resulting in the development of a complete DD Form 1391 package. These efforts include identification of alternatives, consideration of various phasing approaches and acquisition strategies, and preparation of life cycle economic analysis to justify projects based not only on their mission impacts, but also their cost avoidance and savings potential. MCA understands the importance of proper up-front planning and accurate project documentation – often years in advance of execution – in order to justify the project to senior leadership and have it rank well among competing priorities for limited funding resources. We consider it an honor to support our military and play a role in shaping its real property assets. Russell-Knox Building – Military Department Investigative Agencies, Quantico, VA 719,000 square feet, 129 acres, 3000 employees Quality: Assurance + Control Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) are daily activities that involve all of MCA’s staff and apply to every aspect of our business. Our approach is built around a philosophy of continual improvement, and processes that make that a reality. The underlying objectives remain the same regardless of project type or size – provide a complete, effective, accurate and professional response to every task. MCA has a well-documented Quality Assurance Program, built around the following principals: Utilize a standards-based process and workflow Follow established communication standards – disciplined, clear, concise and accurate Standardize project documentation and tracking procedures Provide formal review and feedback on all deliverables Provide ongoing employee education Document lessons-learned and deploy to improve our work process We believe that the quality of the deliverables provided by MCA are second to none in the industry based on both objective, measurable criteria and client testimonials that we are willing to share upon request. Stakeholder involvement creates Project Advocates “This project is a very complex construction project with five distinct and different end-users who have competing technical and space requirements with limited financing. All five end-users are required to be placed in one building within an almost impossible deadline. Marshall Craft Associates’ technical expertise and professionalism made it possible for this project to be a success.” -Department of Defense client of 15+ years Facilities and land-use projects affect many stakeholders, from the agency that funds the project to the end users. Through detailed communication and documentation, our experienced professionals will lead constituents through our inclusive process. We listen to participants to understand the difference between “wants” and “needs”, which we then help prioritize against the budget, schedule, and available space. When people are involved in the planning and design, they become invested – and invested individuals become advocates for the end result. Built to Order 70+ Projects Completed Mental Health + Managed Care Clinics United States Naval Academy Chapel Restoration Unites States Navy Marine Barracks Washington Restoration Substance Abuse Recovery + Rehabilitation Treatment New Explosives Development Facility Hubbard Hall Renovation Quantico Student Dining Facility Ready to Work on Your Next Federal Government Project? Contact Merrill Messick III, mmessick@mca.design View Merrill's Bio A Lean-Infused Process Can Inform Design Decisions Our design team has developed a Lean-infused design process for hospitals that help staff perform their best work and improve value to the patient. Author: David Watts, AIA National Park Service – High Priority Project Facilities Assessments and Scope Definition National Park Service – MCA is pleased to join the FEA Team for high priority project assessments and conceptual scope development for the Western Region National Parks Author: Stephen Bates, AIA The NPS Series: Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument MCA is assisting the National Park Service (NPS) with programming and preliminary scope planning for capital improvements, designed to improve the visitor experience. Author: Veronica Plischke, AIA MCA and the distinctive MCA ARCHITECTURE logo are registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as trademarks of Marshall Craft Associates, Inc. \| Privacy Policy \| Sitemap	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17148
__label__cc	0.57001	0.42999	THE TRILOGY – This is self-published with iUniverse. I’ve designed all the covers and as much as possible the interior pages. It has been a struggle to have my interiors followed to my satisfaction — particularly in the last book AUGURIES. The content is all there and OK, but some pages did not follow my design. And there are typos I missed. I am not only writer-designer, but editor of all three. The issues are few and I can fix someday, if I so choose, but timing dictated to print it 10/17. All this considered, this Trilogy is done and I am glad and satisfied. Mission Accomplished! They are indeed an APT — ANSWeR PROTOCOL TRIPARTIUM. The creative process has, in this humble affair, been itself very representative of a TALEOTCITBYBELTER–Taliesin-Ariel Lyred Enchantments Of Things Coming Into Themselves By Belonging Together. I’m still engaged in a learning-composing process with the rows I’ve sown and hoed in this garden — that keep growing. And, speaking for myself, — nourishing. —- Indeed, as I’ve indicated often in this work, it is an APE — AutobiographyPoetry-Essay — which beats it chest of all three interwoven throughout. So it is, therefore, that this trilogy is offered as an APT – APE – from AFIRADAPO by an ‘APO’KSTROPHES’. And, so it is, I thus untangle my own tang with tangibility — hoping any APOCROAPTIC reader can do likewise. Alas, with the AIBOTS on the way, we need to find anew the words that say what we mean and mean what we say. That’s a palindrome: SWWM-A- MWWS. While that manifest destiny “A” has many substantive interpretations in my books — the most bottom line is that it is each person’s AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL AFFLATUS whereby we dot our own “i” throughout our own life: and are our own practitioners of what the Greeks called A-LEITHEA– truth’s hiddenness disclosed as a lifting of the veil. That’s why I stress that the symbol I’ve drawn by hand — should be hand-drawn and not machine produced. A constant reminder-rendering that our “A” will be increasingly challenged-dotted by the AIBOTS: following which, we could walk dumbly into traffic or stupidly off a cliff. — Think Fresh-Breath-AIR (something I doubt any AIMBOT will ever experience) as AUTOBIOGRAPHIC INTELLIGENCE ASPIRATION. It’s a deep-breathing, room-to-breathe, exercise as we are a sound of silence before the silence of our sound: SOS-A-SOS. AI vs. AI and fake-news. AAAAAAAHHHHHHH!!!! [PS– There is the term PORTMANTEAU for words made up of words. Well, I do that — but not quite like Dodgson’s Jabberwockians that “Did gyre and gimble in the wabe…And the mome raths outgrabe.” My term and verbal goal is APOCROAPTIC as described for newly “nested” words such as AFIRADAPO and WONTSUNODI. It’s OK with me that my term carries a flavoring of portmanteaus now and then and can thus be quite “slithy” and “frabjous” in the SHOALS of AROCKAKCORA. But there’s more. In the literary world the German term EINGESCHACHTELT(n) means “nested” and is comprehended as words that are ever and ever juxtaposed to create new combinations and meanings. Such “nesting” is thought to evidence an enhancement of the senses leading, as T.S. Eliot supposedly said, “to a new way of feeling.” Well, I fully agree with that. Still, I prefer the term APOCROAPTIC. I feel that it manifests-nests-holds another literary term that’s operative in all these concepts, namely “mysticisme et poesie,” which resonates a sustaining–core-care– fusion of memory and present composition. Indeed, the crafted-spirit that leaps out of “because” into “becoming” and an “awakening” that lifts the veil to what “feels like home.” [PPS– Of interest in these contextuals is the language-play in Papal Bulls from 15th to late 19th Century. They were written in an archaic-artificial Latin style of Gothic type lettering, very compacted and unpunctuated called SCRITTURA BOLLATICA. Usually, because necessary for accurate reading, they were accompanied with TRANSSUMPTUM, which were ordinary and plain to read hand-written scripts. Alas, my own “play” with this is the advancing contrast between AI (as a form of incomprehensible SB) and our need to maintain “ordinary control” by a new age “Transsumptum” requirement — with a special emphasis on “hand-written” in the ever-more challenging contextual of “dotting one’s own “i.” Perhaps more than just an entertaining thought in my Casino of OPUS TRIPARTIUM TOTUS TUUS. O the Games We Will Play in our Manifest Destiny’s Odyssean Kairos.] —— mdok —– The Afiradapo Trilogy « Altarpieces Seven Pillar Villanelles from the Temple of Life »	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17153
__label__wiki	0.71286	0.71286	Egypt clears uber s acquisition of careem with conditions Egypt clears Uber's acquisition of Careem with conditions Egyptian authorities gave the go-ahead for Uber's acquisition of Dubai-based ride-hailing app Careem after imposing a set of conditions, clearing a key regulatory hurdle for the $3.1 billion (Dh11.3bn) deal. The Egyptian Competition Authority (ECA) stipulated terms, including capping annual fare increases and surge pricing, after studying the deal's impact on the local market, the regulator said in a statement on its website on Sunday. "ECA has imposed commitments on Uber, which Uber has agreed to comply with, which will safeguard the rights of riders, drivers and investors, as well as encourage innovation and entry on to the market," the authority said. “We welcome the decision by the Egyptian Competition Authority to approve Uber’s pending acquisition of Careem,” an Uber spokesman said in an emailed statement. “Uber and Careem joining forces will deliver exceptional outcomes for riders, drivers and cities across Egypt." San Francisco-headquartered Uber's purchase of its UAE-based rival Careem in March marked the region's biggest technology sector acquisition to date. Both companies have operated since 2014 in Egypt, the Arab world's most populous nation, offering services including passenger vehicles, buses and deliveries. The ECA made its decision after studying the impact of the acquisition on the Egyptian market, in which it scrutinised data from 270 million trips, a consumer survey, Egyptian and international precedent and ongoing co-operation with its counterparts in other countries. The competition watchdog identified certain barriers that mean the transaction could lead to increased prices, decreased consumer choice and increased risk for new competition. To mitigate these effects, the companies proposed a series of commitments that the ECA will impose on the company. Under the commitments Uber made to the regulator, it must comply with a cap on price increases that is lower than the rate before the acquisition. It must also limit surge pricing, where rides temporarily become more expensive due to increased demand, at up to 2.5 times the normal trip cost. Uber must also not increase the commission they deduct from drivers beyond the current rate. The companies will encourage the entry of new competitors by allowing them to access Uber’s mapping and trip data and permitting them to get user data from Uber and Careem apps after obtaining users' consent. To encourage effective competition in adjacent markets, the companies must also commit not to price their high-capacity vehicle services below cost. The commitments will last for five years, or until the entry of a "meaningful market player", and will be overseen by an independent monitoring trustee to ensure compliance, the ECA said. Uber's acquisition of Careem is expected to close in early 2020, depending on regulatory approvals in the various countries the companies operate, of which Egypt is a key territory. The North African country, with a population exceeding 90 million people and an overstretched transport infrastructure, is the biggest market for ride-hailing services in the Middle East. Approvals for the deal have been granted in the UAE, Jordan, Saudi Arabia and now Egypt, according to Uber. The companies are also working with the relevant antitrust authorities to secure outstanding approvals in Pakistan and Morocco. SOURCE: THENATIONAL How Lonestar Cell MTN Is Driving Financial Inclusion in Liberia SA : MTN Mobile Money Service Going Live in 2020 Ovamba & Singularity launch TradeTech partnership in Egypt Coronavirus boosts e-payments in Egypt Morocco: inwi money Launches International Money Transfer Capability in Partnership With WorldRemit and MFS Africa MOROCCO: Cash Plus Launches Mobile Application for Remote Transactions Careem launches ‘super app’ to offer ride-hailing, delivery and payments on one platform Dubai’s Tpay Mobile Acquires Payguru	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17157
__label__cc	0.657904	0.342096	The Hon Steve Irons MP VET reforms that support a skilled workforce — 2020 — the year of action Assistant Minister for Vocational Education, Training and Apprenticeships Check against delivery Good morning everyone. It’s great to be here with you today, to provide the opening address and speak about how 2020 is the year of action in delivering the Government’s extensive improvement program for vocational education and training. Having ministerial responsibility for VET and apprenticeships is something I cherish. I started out as a sparkie many years ago, and I often ponder how that qualification and the wisdom of my teachers has supported and sustained me throughout my career. My son Jarrad also began his working life as an apprentice so it’s been great to share with him some of the lessons I also learned on the football field about teamwork as the key to success on any of life’s playing fields. It’s endlessly exciting for me to see education transforming lives and giving people the skills and capability to do their work well, to make good decisions, and then to be able to continue learning throughout their life. So it’s a pleasure to come full circle now as Minister and work with so many people committed to helping young people to realise their potential through the gift of education, just as I received that gift during my apprenticeship as an electrician and on the football field. Before I go further, I want to pause and make mention of the incredible work of our RFS and the determination of communities to rebuild after the devastating bushfires. I also applaud all ITECA members for how you strengthen individual capability and local communities through the transformative power of skills training and education. The work you undertake every day contributes to successful and responsive local and regional development. Through your commitment to quality and innovation, you are also making a vital contribution to Australia’s economy and national wellbeing. Training is an investment in the future that promotes optimism and builds resilience, encouraging the capacity to manage change and bounce back in challenging times. This is especially relevant as we recover and rebuild from these bushfires and also the floods up north. Some of you will have been directly affected or know someone who has been. This is a difficult time for many people across the country. We have established a National Bushfire Recovery Agency funded with an initial $2 billion to work with the States and Territories to ensure families, farmers and business owners are supported. There will be long-term challenges for many communities, including in training, education and workforce participation. I know the local knowledge and networks of RTOs will be important in providing rebuilding and resilience measures tailored to local communities. You will have a key role in supporting the rebuilding of homes, facilities and infrastructure by providing high-quality and responsive VET skills training for students, trainees and apprentices. More broadly, as the nature of work in Australia changes, we need flexible and applied ways of learning, so Australian workers are ready for all the opportunities of today and tomorrow. When I completed my qualification, it was a very different era in terms of how VET and apprenticeships were valued and delivered. What I am seeing now is that businesses, providers and students recognise how work and careers are changing and are ready for and seeking sensible improvements to VET. This means workers able to train and retrain as needed for changing opportunities; businesses can be confident they have a pipeline of skilled workers available so they can expand or innovate; and VET qualifications are appropriately recognised as having high value. I think by now most of you will be aware of our ambitious but achievable $585 million package of improvements for the sector, called Delivering Skills for Today and Tomorrow. Our approach recognises the importance of building on the current VET system, including the complementary capabilities of independent and government providers. The National Skills Commission is one of the flagship initiatives in the package, and through our national consultation process we have acted on your views on how it should work and the need for effective leadership in this area. As an important first step we appointed Adam Boyton as the Interim National Skills Commissioner. The Commission will formally commence on 1 July when it will really start driving long-term improvements to the VET sector. This will include undertaking research and analysis of future skills needs across industry to ensure government funding addresses national labour market priorities, including those arising from developing technologies. What’s important is that the Commission complements and enhances the existing VET system, working to improve coordination, increase efficiency, and enable local and regional solutions. As Interim Commissioner, Adam Boyton is already leading critical technical work to determine a robust evidence base for improvements to the Australian VET system, including reviewing the effectiveness of incentives to increase apprenticeship numbers. He is also developing efficient pricing model options and preparing to forecast future skills demand. Within the Delivering Skills for Today and Tomorrow package, our skills organisation pilots are an exciting new approach to effecting practical change in key industries, starting with human services care, digital technology and mining. The first two skills organisation pilots, for the human services care and digital technology industries, commenced last December. The initial phase of these pilots is being led by small steering groups that will undertake some projects and collaboration with industry on the development of a detailed design of a long-term model for the pilots. As part of the detailed design, each steering group will consider a diversity of views across industry sectors, geographic locations and small to medium sized business. These Skills Organisations pilots provide a crucial opportunity for you as providers and everyone in these industries to trial new ways of working, while looking for opportunities to make sure training is tailored to the needs of employers and the economy as a whole. To give you an idea of why we are starting with these sectors, demand for care-related occupations is expected to increase by over 100,000 jobs in the next five years alone. We can all see that digital technologies are essential to Australia’s economy, with demand for ICT professionals and telecommunications technicians projected to increase by an additional 71,000 workers by 2024. And as many of you may know, mining accounted for one fifth of Australia’s GDP growth in 2018, employing more than a quarter of a million people, with many of those employees located in regional, rural and remote communities. We are collaborating with the Minerals Council of Australia on early industry engagement as we establish this Skills Organisation pilot. The third major initiative of the Skills Package is the National Careers Institute which was established on 1 July last year. And what it will be doing is ensuring Australians have access to high quality career information and support. Regardless of age or stage, navigating career, education and training decisions can be complex and the wealth of competing information can often make it harder to understand and compare options. Quality career development support assists people to find meaningful employment, and often the search for information starts online. That is why, later this year, we will launch a digital information platform to ensure people have access to accurate and authoritative careers information and advice on learning, training and work pathways. The digital platform will provide people with a ‘front door’ to the range of information available and help them navigate information and decisions as they develop and manage their own careers. As the world of work continues to change, ensuring people can access up to date, easy to understand information is only becoming more important. The National Careers Institute will also administer a partnership grants program, with grants of up to $350,000 per year for education providers, employment providers, industry and local government. The grant funding will support collaborative projects that improve careers information and address service and pathway gaps by enhancing partnerships between industry, employers, schools and tertiary providers. Applications for funding will open in the next few months. Last year we also announced Scott Cam as the inaugural National Careers Ambassador to promote the work of the National Careers Institute and highlight the advantages of the VET system in supporting individuals to train, retrain and upskill. With the Ambassador, the Institute will also share the success stories of over 450 people, businesses and organisations through the Australian VET Alumni and UNESCO-recognised Australian Apprenticeships Ambassadors Program. The Alumni bring the benefits of VET home to people through relatable personal experiences and strengthen awareness of the success and rewards vocational education and training can provide to both individuals and organisations. The importance of employers in the VET system and helping people build rewarding careers has not been forgotten. Last year I launched an Employer Engagement Program that promotes the benefits of hiring and training people with VET qualifications. With businesses like Qantas and LeadLease signed up already, demonstrating their commitment to careers for VET graduates. I look forward to getting more employers on board this year to champion the advantages a VET qualification provides in pursuing a rewarding career. The Institute is also committed to engaging with a wide range of stakeholders. Our new NCI engagement-Hub enables people to follow and shape the work of the National Careers Institute through a range of consultation topics. I encourage everyone here today to sign up to the e-Hub so that we can hear your ideas to draw on existing data sources, address service gaps and drive innovation to determine efficient ways to align with labour market needs and opportunities. I was delighted to be given ministerial responsibility within the Morrison Government for apprenticeships, due to my personal interest in the success of the Australian apprenticeship system. As well as the other big-ticket items in the Skills Package,we are also investing $156 million in an Additional Identified Skills Shortage payment to eligible apprentices and their employers in ten occupations experiencing national skills shortages. This new payment commenced on 1 July last year and is expected to deliver up to 80,000 additional apprenticeships over five years. And from 1 July this year, it will be simpler for employers to claim incentives under a simplified and streamlined Incentives for Australian Apprenticeships program. We’ve also expanded the successful Australian Apprentice Wage Subsidy Trial to support some 3200 Australian employers in rural and regional Australia to grow their businesses. There’s more I haven’t mentioned, and of course you will be hearing directly from Saxon Rice today about the reforms she is driving at ASQA which are a vital complement to the other work underway as part our Skills Package. But before I finish I just want to mention an important committee we have established so that we can hear directly from stakeholders. Nineteen organisations are included on the VET Stakeholder Committee. I am really pleased that ITECA is represented by CEO Troy Williams and I encourage you to participate by getting in touch with him to share your views and needs. The committee meets regularly and I am sure that he would be more than happy to pass on your views for how VET can perform better, and how you can assist in rebuilding after the bushfires. Indeed, I know this audience will not be short of expertise or ideas for improving VET, and also how you can assist in rebuilding after the bushfires. My message to you today is that you will find the Government receptive and keen to understand your views and needs. I wish you well with the rest of today’s summit. Skilled Group - Apprentice/Trainee of the Year Awards Palladium Ballroom, Crown Towers Hotel, Southbank Melbourne 7.00 – 10.30 pm, Thursday 31 March 2011AcknowledgmentsFirstly, can I pay my respects to the Kulin (pronou Senator the Hon Jacinta Collins Read more: Skilled Group - Apprentice/Trainee of the Year Awards Investing in the building blocks of a skilled workforce The Gillard Government will remove skills barriers locking thousands of Australians out of the workforce by investing in training to deliver foundation skills. Senator the Hon Chris Evans Read more: Investing in the building blocks of a skilled workforce CEDA Lunchtime address: Meeting the needs of business with a skilled workforce Four Seasons Hotel, 199 George St Sydney12.30pm Tuesday 13 July 2010 Check against delivery Acknowledgements Senator the Hon Mark Arbib Read more: CEDA Lunchtime address: Meeting the needs of business with a skilled workforce Last modified on Wednesday 19 February 2020 [16488 \| 41954]	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17162
__label__cc	0.713468	0.286532	Anne Mulhall, LDI Promo/Domestic Violence Resource Center of South County/Al’s Moving Minds Anne Mulhall Web Sites: LDIPro.com Domestic Violence Resource Center of South County Al’s Moving Minds Facebook: Al’s Moving Minds Publicity: Providence Journal, Patch, Warwick Beacon, The Westerly Sun, 1 in 20 Google Searches Are Now Healthcare Related, Mixed Media Client since: 2016 Domestic Violence Resource Center of South County Commemorates 40 Years with Rubies and Rodeo Gala Celebration (Wakefield, RI) October is designated as “Domestic Violence Awareness Month,” and DVRCSC is commemorating this Ruby anniversary with a dinner and auction on Friday, October 26, 2018. The event, which will run from 6:30pm to 10:30pm, will be held at the Quidnessett Country Club in North Kingstown. This fun-filled night will feature music by the band SUGAR, a silent auction, hors d’oeuvres, food stations and sweet treats. Guests are encouraged to dress in festive, event themed attire. Mary Roda, Executive Director of the DVRCSC, notes that she is “very proud of work the DVRCSC has accomplished over the past 40 years. The community has always generously supported the agency’s efforts to serve the complex needs of domestic violence victims. All of the agency’s services – court, residential, clinical – are provided free of charge regardless of the clients’ ability to pay. None of this would be possible without the commitment from our donors.” It is anticipated that this Gala event will generate over $100,000, all of which will be designated for agency programming. In 1978, a group of young mothers met around a kitchen table to explore women’s issues in their community. With no paid staff and no equipment, these visionaries opened the Battered Women’s Project in the annex of the Hope Valley Baptist Church and incorporated as the Women’s Resource Center of Wood River. Today, in 2018, The Domestic Violence Resource Center of South County (DVRCSC) marks 40 years of providing a comprehensive range of services for victims of domestic violence and their children. DVRCSC is the only agency in Washington County that specifically addresses the needs of abuse victims. A majority of clients have incomes of less than $10,000/year. Last fiscal year, the DVRCSC provided over 7,100 services to nearly 1,100 clients. Over 3,700 bednights were provided in both the Safe Home and Permanent Supportive Housing Units. Please contact Jessie Kenyon, Director of Development, for more information regarding individual ticket purchase as well as sponsorship opportunities. www.dvrcsc.org Promo Photo: Anne Mulhall Interviews contact: Anne Mulhall 401.226.4677 office@ldiprom.com Download images CLICK HERE for Electronic Press Kit LDI Unlimited Saturday January 20, 2018 1p On Camera Acting Workshops Providence RI 02907 ON CAMERA ACTING CLASSES Winter Workshops 2018 Have you ever wanted to be in the movies? Whether it’s a passing interest or a career choice, this is the time to start! Make your New Year Resolution today. Introductory Industry Event on January 20 kicks off the workshops, covering the local film opportunities, how to get started, identifying a scam from the real deal and on- camera audition demonstrations. Workshops for Adults, Teens and Children. Many scheduling opportunities for the beginner to the experienced actors. Private coaching is also available by appointment. LDI Casting has been casting film and tv projects throughout Rhode Island and New England for the past 15 years. Showtime’s BROTHERHOOD, Disney’s UNDERDOG, Wes Anderson’s MOONRISE KINGDOM, THE DISCOVERY starring Robert Redford and POLKA KING starring Jack Black to name a few. Visit the website to register for the WINTER WORKSHOPS today! For Private Coaching: email office@ldipro.com click on article to link This organization is volunteer run. No paid staff, no paid board. We absolutely cannot do this without the caring, fun and funny volunteers. If you are interested in being an “Al’s Pal” – let us know. Training is FREE and the commitment is minimal and flexible. Find out more – anne@alsmovingminds.org Art Camp: Diane Rowles, Ameriprise Doreen Putnam, CDP – DCPutnam Consulting Ed Mastriano, Cox Media Ginny Shea, Owner – Mixed Media Publicity & Promotion Jeanine Callanan Laura Rhue, Nurse Practitioner – Elmhurst Extended Care Lisa Puglia Scott Seaback, President – RI Temps, Inc. Regional Leaders Angela Ryding, Kent County – kentcounty@alsmovingminds.org Brenda Chiviarini – Providence County – providencecounty@alsmovingminds.org Amanda Blattner – Bristol County – bristolcounty@alsmovingminds.org Kim Stamoulis – Newport County – newportcounty@alsmovingminds.org Judge Frank Caprio Anthony Ambrosino Virtual Board Members A.J. Mulhall – California Sarah Slattery – New York Sam Pannier – Maine Carlyne Fournier – Massachusetts Rhythm & Roots Festival Videos: The Experience Media CREDENTIAL Application: Click Here 2019 Artist Line Up Email Updates: Youth Camp, July PR, Line Up 2019 Electronic Press Kit, Press releases: Dropbox Publicity: What’s Up Rhode Island Territorial Imperatives, Cranston Herald, The Day, Patch, Providence Journal KISS FM WPRI WPRI #2 Warwick Beacon Westerly Sun 8/22 Westerly Sun 8/29 #1 Westerly Sun 8/29#2 The Independent Artist Lineup Hey Rhody, WPRO Saturday AM Radio, Artscape, ProJo, The Rhode Show/WPRI-TV, NBC10 NBC 10 #2, SO Rhode Island Interviews contact: Ginny Shea MIXED MEDIA T: 401.942.8025 TO COVER OUR EVENT, CLICK HERE FOR MEDIA APPLICATION Rhythm & Roots Festival Celebrates 22nd Anniversary Ninigret Park, Charlestown, RI September 4,5,6 2020 Rhythm & Roots Festival Early-Bird Tickets Available Jan. 15 The 23rd annual Rhythm & Roots Festival tickets will go on sale Jan. 15. Last year’s festival had the perfect weather, music, dancing, camping, food and fun that turned Charlestown’s Ninigret Park into a massive reunion. This year’s festival, set for Sept. 4, 5 and 6 over Labor Day weekend, will surely deliver all that and more. Give yourself, or a loved one, something to look forward to this winter. Early-bird tickets will be available online Jan. 15 at the lowest price all year. Three-day tickets, with camping, are available at a cost of $175. We’re busy planning the lineup for this year’s festival. Confirmed acts thus far include Rhiannon Giddens (of Carolina Chocolate Drops fame), Richard Thompson, Uprooted featuring Michael Glabicki of Rusted Root, Keller Williams, Steve Riley & the Mamou Playboys, Trigger Hippy, Donna the Buffalo, Amythyst Kiah and Tami Neilsen just to name a few. More stellar artists will be announced in the coming months. We’ve decided to return to our tradition of beginning the music at 5 p.m. on Friday, with bands performing on the main stage and dance tent. The gate opens at 4 p.m. Ticket prices have been adjusted to reflect the shorter day. The Saturday and Sunday schedule will remain the same as in the past. Festival hours are: Friday 4 p.m. to midnight, Saturday and Sunday 12 p.m. to midnight. Music begins at 5 p.m. Fri. and 1 p.m. Sat. and Sun. As the festival evolves, so does traditional music. Year after year, the two dozen or so bands who perform at Rhythm & Roots prove that roots music never stands still, so get your tickets early. These low prices are good for a short time, and tickets sell out quickly. For information on tickets and camping go to www.rhythmandroots.com, or call 401-783-3926.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17165
__label__wiki	0.823881	0.823881	What’sUpNewp Covers Rhythm and Roots Festival! Ken Abrams From What’sUpNewp Interviews Ward Hayden and the Outliers, (formerly known as Girls, Guns & Glory) about their name change, their upcoming performance at Rhythm and Roots and more! Check out the full interview here! Rhythm and Roots Festival – Labor Day Weekend It’s the band’s first time playing the Rhythm and Roots Festival. “We’ve heard such great things about Rhythm and Roots and we know a lot of people who attend every year who are such great dancers. I don’t know what it is about Rhode Island and where these people learn the “two-step.” Every time we play Rhode Island, there’s a great group of people that come out. We certainly want to cater to the dance crowd and have a high energy set that gets the place moving.” Ryan Belmore from What’sUpNewp was also busy interviewing about the upcoming festival! “Alan and Michelle from Magnolia Cajun Band, “Rhode Island’s Hometown Cajun Band”, joined me to chat about the band’s upcoming performance at next weekend’s Rhythm and Roots Festival in Charlestown.” Listen to the interview here!! Greg Abate/WCS Greg Abate LABEL: Whaling City Sound Greg’s Updated Website! YouTube: “Bebop” w/ Jake Fryer, Wakefield Jazz, GoLocal LIVE, Rhode Island Music Hall of Fame, Taos BeBop Assoc.,Solo On Alto, Live in Boston, Sample Video, Live at Narrows Center “With the maestro’s passing, the legacy of Phil’s music becomes even more treasured. He is in great form here with Greg, one of his many followers whose work he has greatly influenced, more than holding his own. This is an historic recording.” ~David Liebman Publicity: 90.5 WICN Public Radio, Jazz Journal, All About Jazz, Bill Copeland Music News, Telegram&Gazette, Jazz Journal, Yorkshire Times, Bebop Spoken Here, The Independent, Broadway World Cabaret, All About Jazz, O’s Place, ProJo, Norwich Bulletin, CapeCod.com, Midweek Herald, Wakefield Express (UK), Blu Jazz+, aNews Cafe.com, Herald Dispatch, BroadwayWorld Boston. Jazz Quad, North Wales Pioneer (UK), Daily Post, Jazz @ Future Inn, Jazz Weekly, All About Jazz, GoLocalProv, Midwest Book Review (Wisconsin Bookwatch)Improvijazzation Nation,Newport This Week,Jazz New England, The Taos News,Herald Express, Music Web International, Courant Community, Southern Rhode Island Newpapers, Papatamus, JazzTimes, Freedom Talk Radio, Ohio.com, GoLocalProv, Woonsocket Call, Akron Beacon Journal, Downbeat,Warwick Beacon Review, Motif Magazine, Interview with Jazz New England, Jazz Journal, Torquay Herald Express (UK), Dick Keogh(fan), Ken Franckling’s Jazz notes, All About Jazz, Jazz-квадрат, (click for English translation), Warwick Beacon, The Herald News, Jazz Depot (OK), Providence Journal, South Wales Evening Post, The Guardian, North Hampton Chronicle, EditorialsTaosNews, North Hampton Chronicles, Guardian Series, WhatsupNewp WVXU, KMUW 98.1\ Forte Jazz Lounge has had a lot of amazing musicians and performances in our first 6 months. But the last two nights hosting Greg Abate was absolutely thrilling. He effortlessly bounced back and forth from great bebop standards like Yardbird Suite and his own compositions. He connected with audience from the first moment he stepped on the stage. The local cats that played for him were perfect. Frank Puzzullo on piano, Jeremy Wolf on Bass and John Willmarth on drums played with passion and artistry. Thank you to Rob Rosenblum for connecting Forte with Greg. If you missed it, make sure you keep an eye on the website ForteJazzLounge.com for future dates. Click here to visit Greg’s new website! Click here to purchase tickets! Click here to watch! Fantastic 3 Day rendezvous with these amazing musicians. Shout out to Greg Abate and @whalingcitysound for putting this together. We really got inside of Kenny’s music. Stay tuned! A post shared by Dezron Douglas (@dezthought) on Sep 18, 2020 at 2:53pm PDT Click here to watch on November 6! Greg Abate Online Jazz Session on Zoom! Sunday 23rd August 10 am EST Direct link: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/81612711978 On Sunday 23rd August at 10 am EST, Jazz legend Greg Abate will be LIVE on Zoom for a virtual Jazz Session hosted by Chelmsford Jazz Club. Our Jazz Club members have been missing their monthly gigs, so we decided to bring the music right into their homes and yours! Everyone is welcome and it is completely free. There will be chat, laughter and of course, live music from Greg Abate. You can join online or by even phone – see below for details! Or Join by Phone Dial the number then key in the meeting ID code: Meeting ID: 816 1271 1978 UK 0203 481 5237 United Kingdom USA +1 646 558 8656 US (New York) For full details & how to download ‘zoom’, visit our website www.ChelmsfordJazzClub.co.uk Click here to read the full article! Watch Greg Abate with Paul Edis Trio Jazz North East November 2019 performance in Newcastle, England Click here to watch the full video for “Inner Urge”! Saturday May 9th Greg will appear on PULIN 4 JAZZ at 12 NOON PACIFIC, 1 PM MOUNTAIN, 2 PM CENTRAL, 3 PM EASTERN, AND 8 PM IN EUROPE AND THE UK They will be featuring tracks from Greg’s CD, spotlighting Richie Cole, “DR. JEKYLL & MR. HYDE”, as well as Greg’s collaboration with Phil Woods. Click here to tune in! Gratitude: Stage Door LIVE@TheZ Greg Abate (Whaling City Sound) by Ken Dryden The New York City Jazz Record There are many players who are so recognized for their work on one instrument that the public is often unaware that they play several more. Greg Abate has been primarily heard on alto saxophone throughout his career, but for this live recording, his fourth both for Whaling City Sound and with pianist Tim Ray’s trio with bassist John Lockwood and drummer Mark Walker, he decided also to feature himself on tenor and baritone saxophones and flute. The time that the musicians have spent together as a unit shows in the solid performances throughout this live set, most of which focuses on Abate’s potent originals. Things start with his engaging bossa nova “Gratitude”, each member showcased in turn. When the leader is playing bop tunes, the influence of jazz master Phil Woods is present; though he is by no means a clone, it is his execution and wealth of ideas that invite comparison to the late alto saxophonist, whom he admired greatly. The feeling is especially present in “Bop Lives” and his heartfelt tribute “Farewell Phil Woods”, the latter written as a ballad but performed here at a strolling tempo. The jazz waltz “Hazy Moon” is the first of two songs spotlighting Abate’s considerable chops on flute, darting lines incorporating Eric Dolphy-like detours in spots. His sole appearance on baritone is on his rapid-fire “In The Stratosphere” where his gritty sound recalls Pepper Adams. Rahsaan Roland Kirk’s “Serenade To A Cuckoo” featured the composer on flute on the original, but Abate opts for tenor to give it a gruffer texture. Fats Waller’s “Jitterbug Waltz” is a trio number and Ray’s Caribbean-flavored treatment in the introduction is a surprising, novel approach; this performance never loses steam in spite of stretching out over nine minutes. Back on tenor, Abate devours Joe Henderson’s hard-charging signature piece “Inner Urge”, tackling it at a brisk tempo. The excellent recording gives the listener a front-and-center seat for musicians having a ball on stage. GREG ABATE / CRAIG MILVERTON QUARTET GREG’S GROOVE Pianist Milverton is an activist, a maker and shaker in the jazz community who in the past organized a jazz festival and now sets up tours and travels far and wide to play. Explore is his label. Even more of note, he’s a resourceful player who can ignite a session and command attention. He doesn’t seem to know how to play a dull set. His collaboration with tenorist Fowler and guitarist Ashworth is sub-titled The Music of Bebop Genius Tadd Dameron and takes a very agreeable look at fifteen of the late composer’s works. Of course, the familiar pieces like Good Bait, The Squirrel and Our Delight are here and are given their swinging due but the added pleasure is in hearing these distinctive players handle other less-heard Dameron compositions. And how rewarding they are. Fowler is truly our premier mainstream tenor man, with something of Scott Hamilton’s relaxed approach and warm sound, who always knows how to build and shape a solo. To the band’s credit, they don’t seek to replicate the classic versions of these key pieces, rather they set up a series of free-flowing quintet accounts of their own, bassist Al Swainger and drummer Nick Millward finding the right groove every time. Just to hear them push on Hot House or The Squirrel with Milverton flying is to understand why Digby Fairweather called this album ‘a treasury of excellence’ and he’s right. Anyway, any chance to hear Ashworth at length is not to be missed. Milverton and US altoist Greg Abate are often on tour together and I heard them yet again at this Swanage festival and damn good they were. Abate is bebop personified, his alto as passionate and fiery as ever: Parker is in there obviously as is Phil Woods, this given added point by the inclusion of Abate’s original Farewell Phil Woods (the album was made in 2015). His tone is warmer, more rounded and less bluesy than Cannonball, say, but there’s no doubting the verve and sheer class he exudes whether as a ballad player or a tear-up type. Abate records often: this collaboration with Milverton ranks high among his recent achievements. click here to read the full review click here or the above image to listen! click above cover to sample songs Greg featured on NBC 10’s Coffee Break with Frank Coletta! Click here to watch Greg on Coffee Break! On his four recordings with the Tim Ray Trio, all on Whaling City Sound, Greg Abate finds himself on an endless quest for the true essence of jazz. Throughout this exploration, Abate, a massive talent, acquits himself as energetic, creative, and exhilarating Which is why it’s such a treat to listen to his latest work with the Tim Ray Trio, Gratitude: Stage Door Live @ The Z. On stage, Abate is a force, a paragon of power and passion. Offstage, Abate is experienced, and a student of jazz. Live, he wrests control of the form, a force majeure, and proves that few in the jazz vernacular today can keep pace with him. The album itself is a joy. With no formal rehearsals, and subsequently, no overdubs, mulligans, and re-do’s, the band captures its performance in truth, in full, and in the moment. With the seasoned support of Ray (piano), John Lockwood (bass) and Mark Walker (drums), Abate and his various horns (alto, tenor and baritone saxes, as well as flute) cruise through a slate of mainly originals, along with Joe Henderson’s “Inner Urge” and Roland Kirk’s “Serenade to a Cuckoo,” done here on tenor sax rather than the customary flute. “Dracula” spotlights Abate, Ray, and Walker, in that order, in a concise span of five minutes. In all, the performances are loose and fun without being casual. These guys are, after all, some of the best on the scene. The intimacy of the venue also helped propel the session. The Zeiterion Theater is a stellar place and allows the band to stretch out. Ray’s version of Waller’s “Jitterbug Waltz” is a ten-minute blast, with rollicking passages interspersed with Lockwood and Walker each stepping into the spotlight. Capturing the live energy is a difficult task, especially in jazz, where the frequencies are so varied. But the session, recorded and mixed by John Mailloux, is superb. Abate is one of the hardest working men in jazz. Every year, when it seems like it might be time to slow it down, Abate revs it up, booking more shows, more clinics, and teaching more classes. He jet sets it when necessary, making repeated trips overseas to find his audiences. For now, he’s left us with the incendiary Gratitude: Stage Door Live @ The Z a postcard from the road, sent with the heat, beauty, and passion of genuine bebop. Greg Abate Sextet Live at Chan’s Jan 26. 8p Podcast: A conversation with International Jazz Artist Greg Abate Greg Abate, who is listed in Downbeat Magazine’s latest critics poll as among jazz music’s top rising stars, brings his uptown jazz quintet for a high powered night of music at the Newport Playhouse, Thursday, August 2. Known for his straight-ahead jazz and bee-bop style, Abate’s performance is part of Bridgefest, linking the folk and jazz festivals, and comes on the eve of the opening of the Newport Jazz Festival. It’s a great way to get a jump start on a jazz-filled weekend. Abate, a prolific and accomplished songwriter, who performs more than 200 concerts a year worldwide, is third of 20 in Downbeat’s critics poll “Rising Star Alto Sax.” The poll appears in the magazine’s August edition. Last year, he also finished third in “Rising Star Alto” and in 2013 was 12th as “Best Alto Sax.” Besides Abate, the quintet includes Phil Grenadier (trumpet), Matt DeChamplain (piano), Paul Del Nero (bass) and Luther Gray (drums). Abate, joined What’sUpNewp’s Frank Prosnitz on this edition of The Open Forum on AM 1540 WADK. 6/11: Greg Abate featured in MUSIC ON MONDAYS Concert Series At Wellfleet Harbor Actors Theater Begins 6/4 Monday, June 11, 8:00pmGreg Abate plays a night of Jazz & Latin music, accompanied by Fred Boyle on piano, Ron Ormsby on bass, and Bart Weisman on drums. Greg Abate is a jazz saxophonist, flutist, composer, and International Jazz Recording Artist touring the globe 225 days per year. After finishing at the Berklee College Of Music, Greg played lead alto for the Ray Charles Orchestra for two years, then Greg formed his group Channel One which was a favorite in the New England area. Greg also played tenor sax with the Artie Shaw Orchestra. Following this experience, Greg ventured out as a soloist playing Jazz Festivals and Jazz Clubs throughout the U.S., Canada, Europe, UK, Moscow and Georgia Russia. Greg has recorded over 17 recordings as leader and his newest release is Kindred Spirits with Phil Woods and The Tim Ray Trio. Greg is an adjunct professor of Jazz Studies at Rhode Island College and is a very active jazz clinician with workshops and master classes throughout the U.S and abroad. Greg was inducted into the RI MUSIC HALL OF FAME in 2016. The Chicago Tribune says about Greg “…his fast-moving lines give his work a feeling of constant invention and creativity” and JazzTimes says about Greg, “The tunes he writes or chooses are based on the kinds of changes that harmony-oriented jazzmen have favored since the beginning and he swings through them with and eager and easy virtuosity.” Peaked at #12 3/20/17 Listen on SoundCloud “Whaling City Sound” Photos: Live at Wamsutta with band Mary Ann Rossoni captures Greg Abate performing in Jamestown with Kent Hewitt, Todd Baker, Gary Johnson! Audience at the Swanage Jazz Festival! Sunday 3/19/17 Greg Abate & Tim Ray Trio at Aria’s Lounge in Providence Click images above for details. Latest Album (Released 2/24): Purchase here. WCS 090 Road to Forever Fluent in both saxophone and the great language of bebop, Greg Abate has done nothing if not worked tirelessly across five decades to keep the flame of classic jazz lit. In the hands of a skilled musician like Abate—who made his new record, Road to Forever, with Tim Ray’s trusty trio featuring Ray (piano), John Lockwood (bass) and Mark Walker (drums/percussion)—life and music intertwine on his saxophone. The sound of his brass is an extension of his heart, with no filter or contrivance. Abate’s emotions emerge in nearly every note. “I relate music to life as a parallel outlook,” says Abate in the liner notes of his new recording. “Like many artists, life and music are working together in us to bring out creative ideas.” In fact, there are creative ideas across all of Road to Forever. “The Dancing Panda” has an agile, danceable groove and a slinky, sexy chord progression. “Farewell Phil Woods” is dedicated to Abate’s inimitable bandmate and collaborator, a talent the bandleader calls “a force of nature.” Abate’s alto sax, laid lightly atop Ray’s piano, resonates with a deep melancholia. But the blue mood is fleeting, as the next track, “Whaling City Sound,” boasts a chill, electric fusion of keys and bass that lifts the tempo with the trio’s inventive ideas. Abate is a musician that is born to play, to create, to collaborate. He is the consummate sharer of the stage, who respects talent and ability and knows that a high tide lifts all boats. Indeed, Ray, Walker, and Lockwood elevate every project, and Abate provides them with a slate of perfect, largely straight-ahead, compositions for them to dig into. Recorded in a single session with virtually no rehearsals, Road to Forever is as pure as it gets, and a tribute to the power and glory of real bebop. Papatamus April 2016: Step right up folks lets see who has the last recording PHIL WOODS [as] made before he died. The January 2016 Papatamus covered 2, one on chiaroscuro from 6/13 and one from Deer Head Records from 11/10/14 (Woods died 9/29/15 and he was active almost up to that date). Now Whaling City Sound has issued a double CD, KINDRED SPIRITS LIVE AT CHAN’S [WCS 077], with WOODS, GREG ABATE [as/ss], Tim Ray [p], John Lockwood [b], and Mark Walker [drm]. The 2 sets [2:04:02] here were recorded 8/11/14 and as one might suspect it is yet another fine Woods date spurned on by another front line saxman. I did not realize how close in sound Abate was to Woods and I would have guessed my ear could have picked out one from another but I could not always. Fortunately Whaling City has provided help in identifying who is playing when. Oddly, Whaling City has chosen to put intros and some stage gab at the end of each disc and here there is no doubt whose voice is whose. What is not a surprise is how good the music is as both saxmen have good track records; Abate continuing his and Woods strong to the last moment. 13 standards and some chatter familiar and fine. Review of Greg’s performance on June 4th at the Iron Horse Music Hall: “Wow–you hadda be there to believe it. Greg Abate absolutely destroyed The Iron Horse Music Hall last night. With monster drummer Steve Langone and Georgie The Kaye on bass and Stephen Page on piano, truly a night to remember.” ~Michael and The Joint Motif Magazine celebrates the best in local music! Tuesday May 3 Door open at 6 – show starts at 6:30 Opening act: School of Rock: Seekonk Second Act: VulGarrity Voting is still open for the 2016 Nominees (it ends April 24)! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/L9VRD76 The Live Phil/Greg Album Received 4 Stars From DownBeat! Kindred Spirits: Live at Chan’s/Greg Abate & Phil Woods+Tim Ray Trio JazzWeek peaked at #28 2/8/16 United Kingdom’s Magazine Jazz Journal features a nice review of Abate’s work. Greg Abate & Phil Woods “Kindred Spirits Live at Chan’s,” one of the last of Phil Woods’ live recordings, with Prince of Be Bop, Greg Abate, featuring world class, all stars Mark Walker-drums, John Lockwood-bass, & Tim Ray-piano Live at Chan’s: Dedicated to Phil Woods Greg Abate and the Tim Ray Trio performed music from the new album “Kindred Spirits, Live at Chan’s” on Saturday, October 3rd. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yJ80D-o8Wu8 for a clip from the show click the link above! American Be-bop saxophonist Greg Abate featured on Torquay Herald Express (Click here to read more) Free Wheelin’ Jazz Safari features Greg Abate’s “Motif” as Jazz Album of the day! Whaling City Sounds’ “Motif” by Greg Abate Quartet Climbs up to #10 on JazzWeek charts “Coming soon…CDs due in next week. Radio already requesting promo!” Sax Under the Bridge: Greg Abate Quartet and The Dave Liebman Group”Expansions” At The Narrows Fall River’s Narrows Center for the Arts and CD label Whaling City Sound present sax road warriors Dave Liebman and Greg Abate and their respective new bands on the same night, Thursday, Oct. 9 at the Narrows Center, starting at 8 pm. Both jazz veterans will be featuring music from their new Whaling City CD releases. Greg Abate resides in Rhode Island, but spends very little time there. He tours, performs to sold-out crowds and records all over the world. The list of band mates on his many CDs as a leader reads like a who’s who of jazz masters, including pianists Kenny Barron and the late James Williams, saxophonists Phil Woods, Richie Cole and trumpeter Claudio Roditi. His latest band includes a dream trio of giants based in the Boston area. Pianist Tim Ray spend several years with Lyle Lovett, has shared the stage with Aretha and Bonnie Raitt, among others, and has had at New England Conservatory and Harvard. He is currently at Berklee College. Bassist John Lockwood has appeared on many recordings, is an anchor of the longtime jazz juggernaut The Fringe (with George Garzone and Bob Gilotti), and is featured on not less than six previous Whaling City releases. His impeccable taste, rock solid rhythmic drive and the famous Lockwood bounce elevate any performance, live or recorded, on which he is present. Drummer Mark Walker is a multi-Grammy winner and Berklee professor. A mainstay behind Carribean Jazz Project and Paquito de Rivera, Walker has a remarkable following in the Latin jazz arena. As part of this group, Walker shows he can also contribute handily in be-bop and swing settings. When he performs, you can usually tell who the drummers are in audience; they are the ones with their jaws dropping. Following the death of longtime jazz innovator and icon John Coltrane, his longtime drummer Elvin Jones tapped Dave Liebman for Elvin’s band and subsequent recording. Lieb also toured and recorded with Miles Davis shortly after the release of “On The Corner.” Lieb has over 200 CDs as a leader or co-leader and appears on 300 more. After maintaining his own solid band for over 20 years, Liebman is now launching a new group, Expansions, with his breakthrough Samsara CD. Never one to rest on his laurels or the music from his significant past, Liebman remains a spiritual and musical leader for younger and older musicians who want to forge their own paths rather than follow. As Dave says of his latest group and music, “the direction is eclectic…with an emphasis on free collective improvising, along with rhythmic/harmonic devices that have become so prevalent…explored by the new generation, who, like their predecessors, have changed the jazz language.” Rounding out the band are newcomers and veterans alike: saxophonist Matt Vashlishan, pianist Bobby Avey, bassist Tony Marino and drummer Alex Ritz. For more information on Greg Abate For more information on Dave Liebman GREG ABATE Quartet – Performed Sept 19th Greg Abate jazz saxophonist, flutist, composer continues as an International Jazz/Recording Artist with 225 days a year touring the globe. In the mid 70’s after finishing a four year program at Berklee College Of Music, Greg played lead alto for the Ray Charles Orchestra for 2 years. Greg was joined by the incomparable talents of Kent Hewitt on piano, Harvie S on bass and Bill Goodwin on drums! In 1978 Greg formed his group Channel One which was a favorite in the New England area and from there had the opportunity to play tenor sax with the revived Artie Shaw Orchestra under leadership of Dick Johnson from 1986 to ’87. Following this experience Greg ventured out as post hard bop soloist playing Jazz Festivals, Jazz Societies and Jazz Clubs throughout the U.S. Canada and abroad, including most of Europe, UK, and Moscow and Georgia Russia. Greg is also an adjunct professor of Jazz Studies at Rhode Island College and is also a very active jazz clinician with co. sponsorship from the Conn -Selmer Instrument Co., conducting workshops and master classes through the U.S and abroad. For more artist details visit: www.gregabate.com What some say about Greg Abate: Abate is not content to rely on stock bebop riffs and standard chord progressions. Rather, the sharp angularity of his phrases and the often startling pauses in his fast-moving lines give his work a feeling of constant invention and creativity.” –Howard Reich, Chicago Tribune. A Jazz Gemini Birthday Celebration! Took place on Saturday, May 31st: Chan’s Eggrolls and Jazz presents “A Greg Abate Quintet Gemini Birthday Bash” celebrated John Chan and Greg Abate’s birthday! Jazz music was flowing with Greg on alto sax and flute, Gary Smulyan baritone sax, John Lockwood bass, Tim Ray piano, and Mark Walker drums. Greg Abate and Band 4/23: Greg Abate @Wamsutta Club to Benefit the YWCA Be-Bop Road Warrior Greg Abate and His Quartet Made Rare New Bedford Stop at the Wamsutta Club to Benefit the YWCA Two days after this performance, Mr. Abate and the same band head into the studio to record the music they will be premiering at the Wamsutta. This is a rare chance to hear a top-notch, all-star jazz group explore original music written for this moment, and which has not previously been played. Although Mr. Abate is based in Rhode Island for many years, there is no telling where you might run into him, or better yet, catch his inspired performances. He is a regular at festivals, clinics, clubs and universities all over the world. His impressive body of recorded CDs showcases Greg with many of jazz’s legends in the rhythm section or as guest horn-players, so often so that you can count on it. Kenny Barron, Mark Soskin, Rufus Reid, Harvie S, Bill Miele, Paul Del Nero, Paul Nagel and others are just a few of those who can be heard on Greg’s recordings. Keyboard wizard, composer and educator Tim Ray is the leader of the “chamber jazz” group Tre Corda, but that does not keep him from performances at places like the White House and Carnegie Hall, or on TV shows like the “Tonight Show” and “Letterman.” Recently Tim was part of this same rhythm section at Scullers in Boston with Greg’s baritone-heavy sextet. Currently on the faculty of Berklee College, Tim has taught at all of the major colleges, universities and conservatories in Boston. John Lockwood has performed at the Wamsutta Club many times as one of the anchors and treasures of guitarist John Stein’s Quartet over the last 5+ years. If Mr. Lockwood is in the band, it is understood that the level of the music just went up a few gears. Behind the drums for this evening is master drummer Mark Walker. A major contributor to the success of the bands Oregon and the Caribbean Jazz Project, Mark was a long-time member of Paquito D’Rivera’s touring group. He is a Grammy winner, and also teaches at Berklee College in Boston. JANUARY RELEASE: Info link: <http://bit.ly/1qi4pfv>http://bit.ly/1qi4pfv “Motif”: <http://bit.ly/1lrO5Jy>http://bit.ly/1lrO5Jy <http://bit.ly/1sjwt60>Phil Woods and the Greg Abate Quartet Saxophonist (and sometime clarinetist) Phil Woods is a cherished jazz legend. He is a highly revered musician, composer and arranger, who has been fronting his own small and big band groups since the 1950s. Woods is a four-time GRAMMY winner and has won countless other awards, including: National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Master Fellowship: 2007, President’s Merit Award from the Grammy Foundation: 2007, Kennedy Center Living Legends in Jazz Award: 2007. Saxophonist Greg Abate has been a mainstay on the New England jazz scene for many years, but is also in high demand at festivals and jazz clubs worldwide. Greg is known for inviting other saxophone greats to share the stage with him, such as baritone saxophonist Gary Smulyan and jazz legend/NEA Jazz Master, Phil Woods. Respected Chicago Tribute jazz writer Howard Reich had this to say about Abate’s playing: “Abate is not content to rely on stock bebop riffs and standard chord progressions. Rather, the sharp angularity of his phrases and the often startling pauses in his fast-moving lines give his work a feeling of constant invention and creativity.” Joining Woods and Abate: pianist Tim Ray, bassist John Lockwood and drummer Mark Walker. A Phil Woods/Greg Abate front line coupled with a driving rhythm section is a recipe for an exciting and unforgettable evening of music! <http://bit.ly/1sjwt60>Greg Abate Sextet Motif by Greg Abate Quartet Peaked at #10 12/22/14 JazzWeek CD RELEASE 10/14/14 Greg Abate’s fresh new Motif Speaks volumes about playing great bebop Motif might be the title of Greg Abate’s new album, but it could just as easily, and perhaps more appropriately be called Conversations for the way it feels. Each song breezes beautifully by, with Abate’s organic spume of notes, cascading effortlessly the way wind pushes over a field of wheat. Abate is masterful in the way he handles a variety of themes (or topics) and the disc is persistent and interesting, the way an adept communicator can be when making great conversation. Abate, a master on the alto saxophone, has been doing this a long time, and his experience lifts up the songs on Motif, shines a light on them, and makes the record a joy to listen to. It doesn’t hurt that he’s surrounded himself with an impeccable cadre of musicians: drummer Mark Walker, inimitable bassist John Lockwood, and pianist Tim Ray. Together, they encircle Abate with a cushiony, luxurious musical bumper, keeping Abate on track with his blowing yet also allowing him the space for full expression. Abate certainly takes advantage. Fans of the sax, and alto in particular, will revel in his tone and note choices, as he explores the full range of the instrument. He plays with immense personality and always has. Going back to his earliest days as a professional—in the Ray Charles Orchestra (where he, if you recall, replaced the one of a kind, David “Fathead” Newman) and the Artie Shaw band, led at the time by clarinetist Dick Johnson. Since then, he has been at it on and off, mostly on, and his dexterity stands out on Motif. The record opens with the zesty title track, a re-harmonization of the standard “All the Things You Are.” It moves smoothly into the slower, and slightly bluesy “Buddy’s Rendezvous,” an elegy to Abate’s late friend Buddy Hawkins. That, in turn segues into “Snowfall,” a peaceful evocation of the title matter, that is brisk and light, even while Abate’s minor key composition and solid alto paint a beautiful picture of what it might have been like on the inside looking out. “Bittersweet,” the track that follows, is deep and personal, with a bossa nova underpinning and, according to Abate, “several different key centers.” It’s easy to continue in this vein, but we won’t. The songs are easy to hear and artfully executed. Like an exhilarating talk between friends, it is beautifully paced and wonderfully articulated. On Motif, Greg Abate presents prima facie evidence proving he belongs near the top of the list when the subject is today’s top sax players. Abate reminds us, as the notes tumble generously out of his horn, that he deserves every jazz fan’s unwavering attention. The excitement will be tangible and the evening historic: a chance to see two saxophone veterans and their latest bands, both of whom have never sounded better, stronger and more committed to their art than they are today. Greg is joined by the incomparable talents of Kent Hewitt on piano, Harvie S on bass and Bill Goodwin on drums! What some say about Greg Abate: Abate is not content to rely on stock bebop riffs and standard chord progressions. Rather, the sharp angularity of his phrases and the often startling pauses in his fast-moving lines give his work a feeling of constant invention and creativity.” –Howard Reich, Chicago Tribune Be-Bop Road Warrior Greg Abate and His Quartet Making Rare New Bedford Stop at the Wamsutta Club to Benefit the YWCA New Bedford, MA – Jazz alto sax legend Greg Abate brings his high power quartet to the Wamsutta Club in downtown New Bedford on Wednesday night, April 23, at 8 pm. The concert continues the long-running presentations by Whaling City Sound with proceeds to benefit the YWCA of Southestern Mass. The Wamsutta Club is now recognized as a relaxed and pleasant setting for acoustic jazz. Comfortable and quiet, the audience is there to hear music. A limited food menu will be available, along with a cahs bar. The Wamsutta Club, at 427 County Street, corner of Union Street, in downtown New Bedford, has plenty of on-site, easy-in/easy-out parking and is handicap accessible.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17166
__label__wiki	0.650475	0.650475	Music Interview Magazine® Empowering Musicians And Their Fans January 2021 About Music Interview Magazine Services and FAQ’s True Metalist Welcome/Contact Us Inoculated Canaries’ ‘Hypocrite’: An Election Day Choice Of Higher Quality By Paul J Wolfle November 6, 2020 #articles #bands #musicreviews #musicvideos #newYorkCity #rockmusic FFO: Rock, Politics The message, messenger and music are equally important and impressive during the current single “Hypocrite,” from the Inoculated Canaries. Produced by Matt Squire (Panic! at the Disco, The Used, Taking Back Sunday, Demi Lovato) and mastered by Howie Weinberg (Multi Grammy award-winning music engineer, Gold and Platinum records), the 4:08 track sarcastically reminds listeners that politicians can have “lying eyes” while being “unambiguously responsive” to constituents. Here is how. Best in category and purpose With perhaps the most contentious political climate in years, released well ahead of Election Day, “Hypocrite” is timely, exact and carries a message for all seasons. Once the voting ends, The Inoculated Canaries song will continue to be relevant, delivered through lyrics including the stanza, “I’m temporary, holding steady, I’m going down/Come with me and you see me, try to bail myself out.” Without referring to any one specific person or party, different public figures certainly will come to mind. The New York City-based band just has that way of getting enthusiasts to think as well as listen. Alongside the messaging, the guitar work during “Hypocrite” is cutting and dexterous, the band driving. Influenced by culture and music from the 1960s and 1970s, the use of harmonies is superb in every respect. The lead vocals are intelligible, accessible and tell a story about less than honorable office-bearers and candidates which can apply most everywhere. The tempo is pleasant with the rhythm battery serving up a cadence which helps keep the song moving at a welcoming pace. Meanwhile, keyboards complete an exciting sonic profile, all adding up to a solid listening experience. The classic elements of a band featuring guitar, bass, drum and keys is potent in itself; add talented singing and the combination becomes something worth noting, as in “Hypocrite.” Watching fiction imitate reality The accompanying YouTube video is part tongue-in-cheek, played mostly by actors, with footage of the band performing the song. While synced to the imagery, though a serious contemporary topic, certain clichéd scenes render the viewing fun. Tongue-in-cheek favorites include the leading character, a modern politician neatly dressed in a conventional grey suit complete with flag lapel pin, kissing a plastic baby and swiftly handing the infant off to an assistant, who happens to be the lead singer. The national election has passed, but it is not too late to enjoy the music. Inoculated Canaries are Michael Rubin – guitar, vocals; James Terranova – drums; Dylan Gross – bass; and Brian Sweeney – keyboards. For more about the Inoculated Canaries, please visit: Artist Official Website Instagram Paul Wolfle, the publisher of musicinterviewmagazine.com, is a web-based journalist who has written for several popular sites. Paul has a passion for connecting with a diversity of musicians who are looking to grow a positive presence on the World Wide Web. Posted in Albums, articles, bands, Music Videos, musicians, New York City, Rock Music, songs	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17169
__label__cc	0.681982	0.318018	Showing posts with label Patricia Preston. Show all posts A QUICK AND QUIRKY #MFRWauthor Interview To Save a Lady @Pat_Preston A Quick and Quirky Interview with MFRW Author Patricia Preston Patricia writes stories that have strong characters, some humor, some romance, some adventure, and lots of emotion. She has won several awards for her fiction, and she is currently working on a series, the French Quarter Brides and a series of contemporary romances set in Lafayette Falls, a fictional city near Nashville. She had a Western romance available from Carina Press entitled Almost an Outlaw, and two humorous short stories, “The Yard Sale” and “Laid to Rest” available on Amazon. If money were not an object, where would you like to live? I’d love to live in a townhouse in the French Quarters where I’d have access to Pat O’Briens and Café Du Monde on a daily basis. Gotta love them beignets and Hurricane cocktails. If you were a tool, what would people use you to do? I bet somebody already said ‘screwdriver’, huh? What song best describes your life? Picture yourself as a store, what would be sold there? Definitely books and music. There would be free e-readers and internet access. And there’s a music room where you can sample an entire song instead of a 30-second clip. And you can sit in massage chairs and chill with music and books. Also, there’ll be a wet bar. Yes and maybe pole-dancing classes. We’ll call the store Books, Ballads and Bottoms Up! We’ll open soon. I don’t think you should attach the word guilty to pleasure. You should never feel guilty about enjoying yourself, regardless of what that involves. Just make sure you don’t electrocute yourself and remember you can take guilt-free pole dancing classes at my store. If you were stranded on a deserted island, who would it be with? Rick and Daryl from The Walking Dead!!! They know how to survive and plus they are sexy and Southern. That’s a plus, y’all. What is the funniest thing that ever happened to you? Besides being born? If you were on a reality show, which one would it be? Well, I don’t watch reality shows. Maybe America’s Got Talent for Writers. Everyone gets up there and reads a chapter…Naw…What about a bunch of redneck pole dancers taking classes at Bottoms Up. They are vying to a win a spotlight performance at Big Earl’s Place. You gotta let your imagination go there, people. Tell us about your latest book. To Save a Lady, Book One, French Quarter Brides Mainstream (PG13) Historical Romance Romance & Adventure in old New Orleans. . . A move from Paris to New Orleans brings disaster to Elise Plaisance’s predictable life as a lady’s maid. The son of her grief-stricken mistress disappears, and Elise is drawn into a web of espionage and lies as war threatens the city. Captain Jesse Cross doesn’t fancy himself as a lovelorn soldier desperate for a woman until a mysterious French spy captivates his imagination. Elise’s romance with the captain is a frail illusion, born in the darkness of a French Quarter courtyard and never meant to last forever. Amid war and betrayal, Elise must risk everything to rescue her mistress’s son before all is lost, and Jesse knows he has to save her even if it means sacrificing his honor and his life. During the War of 1812, a dauntless American captain and a desperate lady’s maid from Paris finds romance and danger in the sultry French Quarter of New Orleans. Captain Jesse Cross strode through the blanket of thick fog that rose from the banks of the Mississippi river and filled the dark streets of the French Quarter. A discarded playbill from an opera house lay in a mud puddle, and the muffled sound of piano music came from a closed theater where a musician practiced after the show. New Orleans was on the brink of war. Nevertheless, on any given night, a man could attend an opera, a play, or a concert in this muggy city filled with wealthy residents who loved to be entertained. Also, on any given night, a man could be robbed, shot, or stabbed to death. Crime thrived in the cultural city, which had its share of cutthroats and thieves who prowled the streets at night, looking for unwitting victims. Jesse had no plans to become one of those victims. The navy greatcoat he wore over his uniform brushed the tops of his riding boots and concealed the flintlock pistol he cradled against his thigh. As the moon ducked behind a cluster of heavy clouds, he listened carefully to the quiet footsteps that echoed his own. He had been followed since leaving a tavern on Rue Dauphine. He continued at a steady pace, walking south on Rue Toulouse. Townhouses and shops jammed against sidewalks called banquettes in this city where French was the primary language. The midnight hour approached. The houses were shuttered, and the streets deserted. There was no good reason to think the man trailing behind him was just out for a jaunt, not in the middle of a winter night. Jesse picked up his pace as the damp, cold air breezed about him. He longed to be elsewhere. Lying in front of a warm fireside, with a glass of good wine and a woman eager to ride him. That would be such a joy right now. When had he last known such pleasure? He would have to dig deep in his memory to answer that question. He tightened his grip on his pistol. The sound of footsteps grew closer. Faster now in the darkness. Coming up behind him while he walked along the banquette as if he suspected nothing. He drew in a steadying breath. There was nothing like the element of surprise. CONNECT with Patricia Preston Website: www.patricia-preston.com Blog: www.patricia-preston.blogspot.com Facebook: http://on.fb.me/16kagF5 Twitter: http://ow.ly/E8xdW Pinterest: http://ow.ly/E8xD5 Goodreads: http://ow.ly/E8xY2 Labels: #excerpt, #MFRWAuthor, Author Interview, historical romance, Patricia Preston, Self Published	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17171
__label__wiki	0.514901	0.514901	Congressman Arch A. Moore, Jr. pointing out something to Mr. Finbill. They are standing on the steps of the Capitol Building.[remove]1 You searched for: Date 1959-03-05 Remove constraint Date: 1959-03-05 Description Congressman Arch A. Moore, Jr. pointing out something to Mr. Finbill. They are standing on the steps of the Capitol Building. Remove constraint Description: Congressman Arch A. Moore, Jr. pointing out something to Mr. Finbill. They are standing on the steps of the Capitol Building. Location United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.) Remove constraint Location: United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.) Publisher West Virginia & Regional History Center Remove constraint Publisher: West Virginia & Regional History Center Source A&M 2862, Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers, West Virginia & Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries Remove constraint Source: A&M 2862, Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. papers, West Virginia & Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries 1. Photograph of Congressman Moore standing with Mr. Finbill and pointing to something Photograph of Congressman Moore standing with Mr. Finbill and pointing to something	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17176
__label__wiki	0.700215	0.700215	By Funke Opeke, CEO, MainOne Seven submarine cable systems and an estimated combined capacity of 40+Tbps completed in sub-Saharan Africa since 2009 have transformed the availability of bandwidth in Africa’s coastal regions. Most African countries now have some form of fiber connectivity to one or more submarine cable landing stations. Meanwhile, competition has crashed the wholesale price-per-megabit-per-second by over 80%. These are important gains. Still, it remains astounding that Africa still has such low bandwidth penetration levels. With 29% Internet penetration, Africa has the lowest Internet rate in the world, compared to other continents: Western Europe (84%), Middle East (60%) and North America (88%). Also, major cities continue to receive the majority of telecoms investments while developing areas are neglected because they do not constitute a promising market. To address these issues, it’s becoming clearer that information and communication technology (ICT) players will have to come together more to share network infrastructure and services. Indeed, with continued erosion of profit margins, as well as average revenue per user shrinking year on year, and encroaching freemium services, network sharing appears increasingly inevitable if African operators are going to survive. Industry sources cite that Africa’s telecommunication companies (telcos) can potentially yield overall cost savings between 15% and 30% and reduce capital expenditure up to 60% by combining resources and reducing individual infrastructure needs. This would reduce the pay-back period of investments and also ensure faster deployment of new technologies. Collaboration on network infrastructure and services is a proven global model. As such, incumbents in Africa will perhaps have to consider opening up their networks to generate new revenue even if that means they will get a “smaller piece of the pie.” RELATED: Five trends in shared mobile infrastructure This is an opening step that many African countries will need to go through, because in the most advanced markets, we’re seeing infrastructure sharing as well as a range of non-traditional players working with larger operators to provide greater services that improve lives well beyond mere connectivity. Take cashless banking for example: it’s amazing to watch the significant shift from cash to cashless banking. What has happened could not have been achieved without a high degree of collaboration and considerable push from banking regulators. Perhaps this is a model African telecom regulators can use as a model. Infrastructure sharing in Nigeria Fortunately, Africa holds the answers to most of its problems and already has in place many of the building blocks required to put the puzzle together. The continent is already host to numerous terrestrial fiber operators including mobile Network Operators (MNOs), Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and broadband wholesalers, who have invested considerably in network infrastructure. According to International Telecommunications Union (ITU), such investments in Nigeria alone total USD 68 billions as at July, 2016. However, these investments belie the infrastructural deficit in Nigeria. Most of the existing terrestrial fiber is centered in Lagos, Abuja and a few other cities and the major highways interconnecting them. This makes development uneven. Furthermore, there is limited infrastructure-sharing across the market, manifesting in multiple fiber transport networks operated by different companies serving the same high-traffic areas. Many Nigerians, particularly those in remote areas, must rely instead on other technologies, such as satellite and microwave for access to mobile base stations, and these services come at a high price. For more infrastructure-sharing insights from top ICT leaders, read our latest ITU News Magazine edition. While a few operators are truly open access, there are concerns that others playing in the wholesale and retail segments of African markets are using their leverage to squeeze the margins of smaller players, who are also their customers, via predatory pricing, refusal to supply wholesale capacity on certain routes, refusal to offer high capacity wavelengths or dark fiber access, or provide access to duct services. A 2013 Determination of Dominance study by the Nigerian regulator, Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) corroborated this when it mentioned two of the country’s biggest players as dominant players in transmission services with joint control of 62% of the nation’s terrestrial transmission infrastructure. Thus the capacity to build the networks that are required already reside on the Continent, but improved access will require a re-direction of where and how new networks are built going forward. A look at Africa’s Towercos In advanced markets, regulators have tried to address the obstacles caused by “bottlenecks” that arise when infrastructure is controlled by one or more dominant operator through structural separation. In the United Kingdom, for example, BT OpenReach ensures other operators can compete with the incumbent BT for the delivery of services. In Africa, however, structural separation has only manifested in the sales of towers by mobile network operators (MNOs) to tower companies. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa has seen MNOs divest almost 40 000 towers to independent towercos in a total of 28 transactions. Over the last few years, IHS, for example has acquired the majority of the towers belonging to MTN, Airtel and 9Mobile in Nigeria, among others. MainOne’s role as infraco for Lagos The Towerco example has validated a model for Fiber Infracos delivering shared fiber connectivity services adopted by the Nigerian Communications Commission. MainOne is one of the leaders in infrastructure investment in Nigeria with submarine cables capable of delivering up to 19.2 terabytes per second and is the fiber infrastructure company (infraco) licensee for the Lagos region. However, lack of effective national, regional and last-mile distribution infrastructure has constituted a barrier to lower costs and broader Internet adoption in the eight countries it currently serves. The company has been a major proponent of a broadband policy and an open access national backbone network in Nigeria and is poised to fill critical infrastructure gaps and enable broadband services in the largest mega city in sub-Saharan Africa. Funke Opeke, CEO, MainOne How do we tackle the fastest growing waste stream on the planet?…Emerging TrendsBy Peter Holgate, Founder and CEO, Ronin8 Technologies The must-have gift last holiday season was a $15 pint-sized primate called a Fingerling. The d… A call for infrastructure sharing in Africa https://news.itu.int/a-call-for-infrastructure-sharing-in-africa/ Kuala Lumpur to build ‘City Brain’ with Alibaba Cloud…CloudBy Barbara Szewcow and Jonathan Andrews Kuala Lumpur has become the first non-Chinese city to implement Chinese internet giant Alibaba’s cloud co…	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17192
__label__wiki	0.562013	0.562013	TACKLING DRUGS IN MERTON 23 May 2001 · by Merton Web Team · in News stories. · The fight against drug misuse in the borough has received a boost thanks to more than £300,000 of additional funding from the government. Merton Drug Action Team has agreed the extra funding for 2001/02 of more than £318,000 to tackle drug misuse in Merton. Approximately £244,000 of this will be spent on drug treatment services and about £74,000 will fund services to young people. This funding is in addition to the £1.6 million that the Merton DAT already invests in tackling drugs in Merton. Roger Paine, Chair of the Merton DAT and Chief Executive of Merton Council, said: “This additional funding from the Government to Merton DAT will make a real impact on drug misuse in Merton. “We can build on our already extensive work with parents, young people and schools to help protect our communities. It also enables us to help far more people in Merton that have real problems with their drug misuse.” The funding will go to both statutory and voluntary agencies. Major developments include a Merton Community Drug Team, an in-school, confidential, counselling service available to all high schools in the borough, more support to parents, carers and families of drug users, a new service for women drug user and targeted work with people from minority ethnic communities. “Tackling Drugs To Build A Better Britain” is the Government’s 10 year anti-drugs strategy. That Strategy requires local Drug Action Teams to deliver local action across the four Themes of Young People, Communities, Treatment, and Availability. Merton Drug Action Team (DAT) is a strategic partnership between Merton Council, Merton, Sutton and Wandsworth Health Authority, Merton Police Division, London Probation Area – South-West, the Prison Service, Merton Magistrates’ Courts, drugs agencies, the Primary Care Trust and Primary Care Group. Roger Paine, Chief Executive of Merton Council, is the elected Chair of the DAT. Key local drugs agencies are: Merton & Sutton Community Drug Team Tel. No. 020 8296 4489 The Base – Cranstoun Drug Services Tel. No. 020 8944 5344 Merton Youth Awareness Programme Tel. No. 020 8640 9736 Community Drug Helpline Tel. No. 020 8773 9393 PRESS CONTACT-JASON HILL ← THE GREEN SEEDS OF AN IDEA LOLLIPOP LADY MOVED FOR OWN SAFETY →	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17193
__label__cc	0.588794	0.411206	Home > Doctor Who News > The Time Of The Doctor New Promotional Images December 5th, 2013 112 comments The Time Of The Doctor New Promotional Images 7.30-8.30pm BBC ONE Orbiting a quiet backwater planet, the massed forces of the universe’s deadliest species gather, drawn to a mysterious message that echoes out to the stars – and amongst them, the Doctor. Rescuing Clara from a family Christmas dinner, the Time Lord and his best friend must learn what this enigmatic signal means for his own fate and that of the universe. « Older comments 1 2 3 4 January 31st, 2014 - 7:07pm That scene of Amy Pond with the Doctor, at the end of The Time of the Doctor, was absolutely sad, but a perfect ending (even if it was a hallucination). While the episode might have had some problems for a few, I thought it was fantastic. And you know what? It was. They didn’t use Paul McGann in the 50th because they had a little mini clip that showed him regenerating, and also saying that he was giving up being the Doctor to help end the Time War. While it would have been cool to have had Paul McGann in the Day of the Doctor, it would have been a little old fashioned and slightly off story. Jenny survived,but the Doctor didn’t know about her living, so there’s a small chance that they’d actually ever bring her back. Plus, the Doctor has already met the leader of the Daleks, so, it’d kinda ruin what we’ve known this whole time. Doctor who used to be EPIC December 26th, 2013 - 6:17pm I watched The Doctor Who special yesterday and i have to say im throughly disapointed. The show has been going down hill ever since clara joined the show. In the ad the xmas ep showed monsters and exitement. Lots of you may disagree but i’m really upset as i used to be a huge fan but now i dont even want to watch it :'( Ryan formosa I love thows picks December 11th, 2013 - 10:23am boooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooom December 11th, 2013 - 9:36am What ever happened to jenny his cloned daughter . Bring her back that would be cool the first real woman time lord or child of one anyway. And the ood should evolve into a master race and become dark time lords than become enemies of the Dr .. Plus the Dr should bump into davros befor he ends up half machine and mad.and innervertently give him the idea of the daleks then realising that he is the true creator of them . How would he react to that . Jonny Scoones Aren’t those sontaran ships in the art cards… they could be those spider daleks, but they look too big and i cant see any daleks on them? the astronaut of death moffat is not over due Russell had Chris and David so it is only fair moffat gets two doctors aswell ( smith and capaldi) Radburn December 9th, 2013 - 6:33pm Because Russell T. Davies did not outstay his welcome & Steven Moffat is way overdue. Davies/Tennant now Smith/Moffat – A perfect time to go! 100000BC No whatever made you think that? Is Moffat also leaving at Christmas with Matt Smith? The BBC didn’t play any part in the production of the Peter Cushing Movies it was a different corporation instead. So because of this Peter Cushing isn’t considered by the BBC a part of Doctor Who Mythology and it is instead like a Spin Off. I loved John Hurt’s performance asThe War Doctor and originally thought the reason why Paul McGann adopted the Dark Eyes attire was because that’s what he would’ve worn if he had fought in The Time War. But he was somewhat involved because he made the decision to become a Warrior and disowned the name doctor at the start if the war, making him responsible for the Genesis of The War Doctor. I’ve really enjoyed the 50th anniversary celebrations and am looking forward to the next doctor. But one thing…I was disappointed that Paul McGann was not used in day of the doctor instead of John Hurt although he was good. It just would’ve made more sense in terms of continuity if that whole period of the time war was the Paul McGann incarnation….also, Why was there no mention of the two Peter Cushing movies? They must play some part in the Doctor Who history. Other than that, a great celebration, love Doctor Who. The Brigand December 8th, 2013 - 12:29pm Hmm… yet further allusions to a kind of Western-y, Cowboys-and-Indians sort of theme it seems… or so it appears, with Clara and Eleven sidling through what looks like a frontier town from the Old West… TheExtremeBlueTARDIS Paradigm Daleks are too Sarah Jane Adventures because of the colours. They should NEVER be used again. But that’s opinions for you. ba50ley 50 rob50erts 50 🙁 he was my fav doctor That might be when he hears about the pelet he should not go Hi doctorni love your falm Dalek the Supreme Haven’t you heard? Severed Cyberman heads are the new tin dog. DALEKSKITTLES December 6th, 2013 - 8:19am As I said the new bronze daleks made by the pure must be more powerful and better, plus they are pure dalek now 🙂	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17196
__label__wiki	0.671629	0.671629	Amit Shah accuses West Bengal govt of not allowing migrants into state Headlines May 10, 2020 Union Home Minister Amit Shah has written to West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee, saying the Centre is not getting the support it expects from the state government to help migrant workers reach home. Shah said that the Centre has facilitated the journey of over two lakh migrant labourers to their homes and that workers from West Bengal are also eager to go back. In a letter to Mamata Banerjee, Shah said, “West Bengal government is not allowing trains with migrants reaching the state. This is injustice with WB migrant labourers. This will create further hardship for them”. The issue of migrant workers is the latest flashpoint between the Centre and the West Bengal government. They are already at loggerheads over the state’s efforts to control the coronavirus disease (Covid-19). The Centre and the state have exchanged charges over the criteria for reporting deaths from the infection. While Bengal says the Centre is trying to make politics out of a public health crisis, the Centre says the state government is ignoring warnings to step up the fight against the disease. Understanding Dyslexia #AutismPower - Varun Sawant juggles multiple talents with great style Aspiring bikers Sophia Joe & Richard Joe ready to race up to greater heights At Sristi village, people with intellectual disabilities get the opportunity to find their potential	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17198
__label__wiki	0.582476	0.582476	The Latest All Biohacking 26 Drugs 27 Fertility 8 Genetics 55 Longevity 18 Medicine 51 Synthetic Biology 29 NEO.LIFE tracks the people, companies, and technologies that are transforming our bodies and our minds. © 2021 NEO.LIFE Gabriela Herman / Gallery Stock Debunker: Is There a Link Between Sugar and Hyperactivity? By Natasha Frost It’s a phenomenon all too familiar to many parents: An ordinarily calm kid runs amok at the bowling alley, gorging himself on pizza and cola, and turns into a whizzing, fizzing, child-shaped bouncy ball. The obvious culprit is too much sugar, plain and simple. Except—well, maybe that’s not the cause. Or, at least, the evidence suggests otherwise. Let’s be clear: No one’s suggesting that a diet high in sugar is good for anyone’s health, whatever their age. Indeed, it’s well accepted that sugar plays a key role in tooth decay and obesity, and may be related to the development of metabolic diseases and mental-health problems, among other conditions. But the notion that a fizzy drink is all that stands between tranquility and hysteria doesn’t seem to hold up to scrutiny, even though it’s now basically accepted as a key parenting truth. The origins of this cultural belief date back to the mid-1970s, when Benjamin Feingold, a California-based pediatric allergist, published a bold and widely read book called Why Your Child is Hyperactive. In it, he proposed a then-novel hypothesis: that ADHD might be caused by artificial food flavors and colors. Subscribe to our Newsletter Track the people, companies, and technologies that are transforming our bodies and our minds. Feingold’s book sold tremendously well. The notion that you could prevent challenging behaviors simply by changing your child’s diet struck a chord with worn-out parents desperate for an easy solution. Many opted to put their children onto Feingold’s elimination diets, which banned foods that had artificial additives and colorings, as well as a host of very particular fruits and vegetables, such as apricots, grapes, and pickles. Feingold had originally designed this diet to help people manage or avoid allergic reactions; when he observed what appeared to be improved behavior in his juvenile patients, he pivoted its intention to stamping out hyperactivity instead. While its list of banned items are extensive (also including cloves, aspirin, and mint-flavored toothpaste), there’s no real mention of sugar. But because so many of the artificial flavoring-laced foods Feingold called on parents to rule out happened to also be very sugary, like soft drinks and candy, the public began to create a link completely absent from the underlying thesis—that sugar was in some way involved in otherwise neurotypical children becoming unmanageably hyperactive. That there’s little scientific backing to this belief isn’t news. In 1982, the National Institute of Health made a formal announcement that there was no scientifically proven link between diet and hyperactivity. In the decades since, it’s been disproven in countless pieces of research. One double-blind study from 1994 took two groups of preschoolers, one of which was reportedly sensitive to sugar. The researchers put the children on diets that were high in sucrose (“real” sugar), or the artificial sweeteners aspartame or saccharin, and monitored their behavior over a period of weeks. For all of these children, “sugar-sensitive” or otherwise, the researchers write, “there were no significant differences among the three diets in any of 39 behavioral and cognitive variables.” Many of our beliefs about sugar come down to our pre-existing notions. It’s the literal version of a placebo sugar pill. Perhaps you’re reading this and shaking your head. You’ve been witness to one too many parents attempting to calm down an overtired, over-sugared child—or even been that parent. Or perhaps you recall downing an entire bag of gummy worms and then bouncing off the wall for the next hour. The data must be wrong. Actually, that part is consistent with research: Many of our beliefs about sugar come down to our pre-existing notions. It’s the literal version of a placebo sugar pill. The association between hyperactivity and sugar often seems to come down to parents’ expectations. In one particularly rowdy-sounding study, researchers from Kansas brought 35 boys together, aged between five and seven, all of whom were reported to be “sugar sensitive.” They were given a sweet drink, then returned back to their mothers, half of whom had been told that the drink was high in sugar. (In fact, all of the drinks were sugar free, and contained aspartame.) The mothers who thought their children were coming off a sugar hit described them as significantly more hyperactive, expecting a meltdown on the horizon, even though all the boys had been exposed to exactly the same sweetener. It’s also worth thinking about the situations—birthdays, laser tag parties, poolside holidays—in which children have untrammeled access to the sweet stuff. These are stimulating environments to begin with, and it’s hard not to get overexcited—particularly if you’re a small person who’s been told that foods that are normally off-limits, like cake or candy, are now on tap. Add in the caffeine in many carbonated beverages, and you create a perfect storm. In the past 20 years, there’s been little research done on the link between hyperactivity and sugar. That’s in part due to a vast meta-analysis of the studies available, published in 1995, which found unambiguously that “sugar does not affect the behavior or cognitive performance of children. The strong belief of parents may be due to expectancy and common association.” Even though it’s a pressing concern for many parents, who feel they’ve seen evidence of it with their own eyes, the overwhelming evidence that sugar doesn’t seem to serve as a hyperactivity on-off switch for neurotypical children seems to make it of little interest to most scientists. That said, there’s still much we don’t know about sugar and the many ways it affects our behavior and health. And Big Sugar’s alleged—though contested—attempts to derail research about its negative effects on our health throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s may have left holes in our understanding, as well as cavities in our teeth. By Natasha Frost on Sep 10, 2020 Natasha Frost is a freelance writer. Formerly a reporter at Quartz and Radio New Zealand, her work has appeared in outlets including the New York Times, Atlas Obscura, CityMetric, Slate, and the BBC. She has been long-listed in the 2018 collection Best American Science and Nature Writing. All the Lonely People—What Do They All Think Of? Paradoxically, people who are lonely may have more active social brains. Biophilic Homes Prove Nature is the Best Medicine Living design elements create a serene, multisensory, healing experience. Lithium: The Next Trend in Microdosing? Low levels of the naturally occurring, soft shiny metal could reduce violence and enhance moods for all. The Focus of His Energy Neal Kassell is on a mission to bring focused ultrasound therapy to the masses. Unhinged, Bonkers, and Delicious These artists are prototyping alternative culinary futures to inspire food production that is more just, biodiverse, and beautiful. Let Your Gut Be Your Guide The Zoe dietary app zeroes in on timing and food combinations to maximize wellness. Debunker: The “5-Second Rule” Taste 2.0 is Here The discovery of a new taste cell deepens our understanding of this complex and adaptive sensory system. Predictions for 2021: Welcome to the New Uncertainty This could be a “hinge year” in history: the opportunity to grasp a new and improved future for ourselves, our children, and our planet—or not. 30 Great Gifts for Biologically Inspired People Featuring cactus shoes, custom probiotics, never-ending glow sticks, and more. Inside the Movement to Decolonize Psychedelic Pharma As Western medicine brings psychedelics into mainstream use, a growing movement is innovating new business models grounded in reciprocity and inclusion. How to Manipulate Memories Steve Ramirez wants to zap bad memories and upgrade good ones. Houston, We Have a Baby What’s the protocol for creating a healthy new human when you subtract Earth from the equation? New Technologies Demand New Rituals Are 21st century rites of passage an essential human need? We Call DNA a Language. Is It? As our understanding of the genome evolves, the metaphors we use to describe it should, too. True Human Diversity is Finally Imaginable. Are We Ready? Juan Enriquez explores the possibility and inevitable risks of human speciation. Pitch Us About Privacy Policy	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17199
__label__wiki	0.978152	0.978152	‘Moon Knight’: Oscar Isaac In Talks for Lead Role on New Marvel-Disney+ Series "Star Wars" star Oscar Isaac is currently in talks to take the lead role in the upcoming Marvel-Disney+ series "Moon Knight".... by NerdcoreMovement in Featured, Marvel, TV “Star Wars” star Oscar Isaac is currently in talks to take the lead role in the upcoming Marvel-Disney+ series “Moon Knight”…. Marvel may have found Moon Knight. Oscar Isaac — best known for his role in the recent “Star Wars” trilogy as well as the upcoming “Dune” movie from director Denis Villenueve — is currently in talks to star in the lead role for the new Marvel-Disney+ series. Marvel plotted the course for three new characters receiving series once Disney+ launched with She-Hulk, Ms. Marvel and Moon Knight. The first two lead roles have already been filled with Tatiana Maslany expected to play She-Hulk and newcomer Iman Vellani set to play Ms. Marvel. Now it appears Isaac has been circled as the leading candidate to land the lead role in “Moon Knight,” which might be one of the most ambitious series Marvel has ever done. The character has undergone numerous origin stories but the most recent version is ‘Moon Knight’ is the vigilante alter-ego of Marc Spector, who was originally a boxer turned Marine turned CIA operative and eventually a mercenary as a hired gun and assassin. After Spector was betrayed by a colleague and left for dead, he eventually found his way to the Egyptian desert where he believed the deity known as Khonshu was responsible for saving his life. Spector got his revenge before returning home to the United States where he created the costume that would become Moon Knight. Unfortunately, Spector is also haunted by multiple-personality disorder where he often times shifts into the personality of millionaire Steven Grant or a cab driver named Jake Lockley. In recent years another personality emerged named Mr. Knight, who serves as a consultant to local law enforcement. Many hardcore Marvel Comics readers have been begging for a “Moon Knight” movie or series for several years and now it appears that wish will come to reality with Isaac expected to play the lead role. Right now, Disney+ is gearing up to launch the first Marvel series on the streaming service with “WandaVision” expected to debut in late 2020 followed by “Falcon and Winter Soldier” as well as a new “Loki” series starring Tom Hiddleston. All three of the new series — “She-Hulk,” “Ms. Marvel,” and “Moon Knight” — are expected to debut on Disney+ but then those characters will cross over into the larger Marvel Cinematic Universe on film. There’s no telling how quickly that will happen but it looks like Marvel is wasting no time casting the leads for each of the series. Stay tuned for more information on “Moon Knight” along with additional casting as it becomes available. H/T: Deadline Tags: castingDisneyMarvelMoon KnightOscar Isaac ‘The Boys’: Showrunner Eric Kripke Teases ‘Herogasm’ for Season 3 But What Is That Exactly? "The Boys" will adapt a controversial storyline from the original comic books in season 3 but what exactly is... ‘Moon Knight’: Ethan Hawke Joins Marvel Series as Main Villain Opposite Oscar Isaac Ethan Hawke is joining the Marvel Cinematic Universe in "Moon Knight" where he will star as the lead villain... ‘WandaVision’ Debut Recap Episodes 1 and 2: ‘Who’s Doing This To You?’ In the recap for the debut of “WandaVision,” Wanda finds herself living an idyllic life alongside her husband Vision... Chris Evans Reportedly in Talks to Return as Captain America in the Marvel Cinematic Universe In a surprising move, Chris Evans is reportedly in talks to return as Captain America for a future appearance... PODCAST: Rewind of the Living Dead Episode 4: 'Host' © 2020 Copyright NerdcoreMovement.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17201
__label__wiki	0.797021	0.797021	Home Nevada Nevada official offers possible police reforms to lawmakers Nevada official offers possible police reforms to lawmakers by Nevada State News June 15, 2020 Image: Ty O'Neil / This Is Reno. By SAM METZ AP/Report for America CARSON CITY, Nev. (AP) — Nevada Attorney General Aaron Ford has sent state lawmakers an ambitious list of police reform proposals that, if passed, could ban practices like chokeholds and give the attorney general’s office power to investigate police department practices. The “Legislative Options for Policing Reform List,” written by Ford’s staff, offers an idea of the policies being put in front of lawmakers for consideration. In the list, which The Associated Press obtained through a Nevada Public Records Act request, Ford outlines 73 policy options that state lawmakers could take up when the Legislature next convenes — either in 2021 or a yet-to-be-announced special session. As lawmakers throughout the country attempt to respond to calls for police reform, the list hones in on specific policies Nevada’s Legislature could consider, providing additional detail weeks after Nevada Gov. Steve Sisolak and legislative leaders said they intended to pursue additional reform, but didn’t go into detail about particular policies they’d back. In an interview with the AP, Ford said the list is merely ideas, many of which have yet to be examined thoroughly. “These are nothing but a delineation of ideas uncovered by research from folks in my office, in anticipation of leading a conversation on tangible outcomes that can be considered,” Ford said. Ford emphasized that he didn’t endorse all of the document’s policy options and hoped, in addition to considering new bills, police departments and lawmakers would review whether policies in place were implemented fully. In a June 5 press conference, Nevada Assembly Speaker Jason Frierson said his 2019 bill to require law enforcement officers participate in annual de-escalation training hadn’t been fully implemented. Although he has yet to vet all the ideas, Ford said he would support some of the document’s proposals, particularly those that would provide his office additional oversight power. “I’m interested in some level of jurisdiction being appointed directly to my office in these types of circumstances, when we’re looking at excessive force by police officers,” Ford said. The list includes several ideas to expand the attorney general’s oversight capacity, including establishing a new “Law Enforcement and Public Safety Accountability Unit” in his office that has jurisdiction over allegations of officer misconduct. In most Nevada police departments, misconduct allegations are investigated internally or by neighboring departments. Ford also said he hoped for a “robust conversation” about tactics like chokeholds and knee holds. The list proposes establishing a statewide statute that would ban both. The list contains ideas to reform training protocols, expand civilian oversight commissions, create a criminal statute for misconduct that results in injury or death, and implement a statewide riot-response policy. The proposals to expand civilian oversight include allowing commissions to recommend how to prosecute officer misconduct and adding civilian members to the Peace Officers’ Standards and Training Commission — the agency that oversees law enforcement training and standards in Nevada. Nevada’s biennial Legislature is next scheduled to convene in 2021, however criminal justice could be on the agenda in a possible special session. Frierson, the Assembly speaker, said he had not had time to review the document sent to lawmakers by the attorney general’s office, but in a June 8 virtual discussion with Ford and other lawmakers, he said he wants police reform to be on the agenda in an upcoming special session. “If there is a special session, I would be advocating for addressing timely issues in a special session,” Frierson said. Sam Metz is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues. Minden’s “sundowner” siren under scrutiny again Douglas Sheriff under fire for telling libraries to not call... ACLU project to highlight protester interactions with police Nevada governor releases video remarks addressing systemic injustices facing the...	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17203
__label__wiki	0.647564	0.647564	Golf Deals, Golf Travel Drum & Quill Public House 0 newmexicogolfnews July 24, 2018 3:20 pm June 9, 2020 Los Cabos Deals, Plus a Brew Pub for Pinehurst Here are some golf-travel news developments and deals that golfers should know about, including golf discounts in Los Cabos, Mexico, a new brew pub in Pinehurst and a heads-up on the Drum and Quill Public House, Pinehurst’s version of “Cheers.” And for the thristy among us, there's a new way to summon the beer cart on the course. Quivira Golf Club Quivira Los Cabos Golf Club At Quivira Los Cabos Golf Club, at the tip of the Baja Peninsula, players can take advantage of summer rates through Sept. 30. Voted this year to Golf Digest’s roster of the “World’s 100 Greatest Golf Courses,” Quivira, with more ocean frontage than any other course in Los Cabos, is priced at $275 for the mid-morning period from 11 a.m. to 1:24 p.m. The twilight rate, available from 1:36 to 3 p.m., is $233. Rates include food and refreshments at the club’s four comfort stations. No. 6 at Quivira Los Cabos Quivira, a Jack Nicklaus Signature course, is perhaps the most spectacular golf course in Mexico, thanks to several holes that cling to the granite cliffs several hundred feet above the confluence of the Sea of Cortez and the Pacific Ocean. “Stay & Play Packages” are offered at the five properties at the Pueblo Bonito Resort, including the adults-only, all-inclusive Pueblo Bonito Pacifica Golf & Spa Resort located five minutes from the course, are available. Play at Quivira is restricted to resort guests and homeowners in the Quivira development. Here's our 2017 piece on Quivira. Palmilla Golf Club Down the road at the Palmilla Golf Club, the landmark 27-hole facility in one of the choicest locations in Los Cabos, offers a triple-tiered system of discounted rates for resort guests through Sept. 30. Green fees for an 18-hole round start at $145 from 7 a.m. to 11:20 a.m. and drop to $105 from 11:40 a.m. to 2:10 p.m. There’s also a special “Siesta Twilight” rate of $75 starting at 3 p.m. Opened in 1992, Palmilla was the first Jack Nicklaus Signature golf course built in Latin America. Also, check out the the Unlimited Golf Package at the One&Only Palmilla, Resort, five minutes from the golf course. The Drum and Quill Public House Pinehurst Brewery set for fall opening What's new in the Village of Pinehurst? A new craft brewery and restaurant will open in September. The Pinehurst Brewery will occupy what was the original Village steam plant, built in 1895. It retains the original brick facade and much of the character of the building. The restaurant will serve homemade smoked barbecue and locally brewed craft beer. Drum and Quill Public House The Pinehurst Brewery joins another worthy established tavern and restaurant, the Drum and Quill Public House, in the center of the Village of Pinehurst. It is run by Kevin Drum, son of the legendary Bob Drum of the Pittsburgh Press, who chronicled the rise of a golf phenom from Latrobe, Pa., named Arnold Palmer. Kevin Drum took a bankrupt shop and renovated it into Pinehurst’s version of “Cheers,” an eclectic place where visitors hob-nob with locals in a cozy pub setting, surrounded by golf photos and other memorabilia, including Bob Drum’s portable typewriter. The pub's comfort food is quite affordable. Bob Drum coined the phrase “golf's grand slam.” If Kevin’s there when you visit, ask him to tell you about how as a kid his dad would bring home Arnold’s hand-me-down golf clubs for his son to use. If you go to Pinehurst and don’t visit the Drum and Quill Public House, you’ve shortchanged your Pinehurst experience. Dugan's stays open until 2 a.m. Also worth noting: After the Drum and Quill closes at 10 p.m., try Dugan’s Pub on Market Square, a mere block away via the breezeway across the street from the Drum and Quill Public House. Dugan's stays open until 2 a.m. ‘Beer Me’ The 80BREAKR golf scorecard app now has a “Beer Me” button on its app that lets golfers summon the beverage cart at whatever course they’re on. With this new button, the need for golfers to wait for the beer cart to drive by on its rounds is eliminated. Courses have been using the app as a way to improve service to their guests, letting golfers know they can request the beverage cart to celebrate a birdie or Nassau clutch putt, or to console golfers who need a cold one after a blow-up hole. Streamsong Black's Clubhouse The clubhouse at the Streamsong Resort Black Course near Lakewood, Fla., has been named the best new Clubhouse of the Year by Golf Inc. It's the second award that Streamsong has received from Golf Inc. this year. Streamsong Black Clubhouse wins award Earlier this year, Streamsong Black was awarded the Best New Golf Development of the Year in the publication’s March/April issue. The course opened at the same time as the Streamsong Black Clubhouse in September 2017. Judges evaluated the entries on four criteria: efficiency, aesthetics, vision, and sustainability. The panelists looked at how well a floor plan maximizes available space, how visually appealing and congruent the design is to its surrounding area, the mission of its developer, and how the clubhouse conserves energy and water to ensure an environmentally sustainable building. Streamsong Black Clubhouse Interior The glass-and-steel design evokes the “form follows function” aesthetic of Bauhaus founder Mies Van der Rohe. The glass walls bring the outdoors into the dining room and, overall, gives it a clean, open and even Nordic feel far removed from the nostalgic clubby, dark-wood designs so common today. Mark Melzer, chairman of Melzer Deckert & Ruder Architects, a judge in the competition, described it as a “minimal structure [that] allows an all-glass wall system, which celebrates the panoramic natural views. The resort is a facility primarily used for dining and bar activity while taking in the views – for golf purists only.” Pinehurst's Summer Deals Three-night, Four-round Offer Good Through Sept. 4 Two top golf resort brands are offering special stay-and-play deals. The Pinehurst Resort is offering three nights and… Los Cabos' Quivira:… Nicklaus Tested by Beautiful, Severe Baja Terrain “Have you ever walked the golf course,” I asked Quivira Golf Club Los Cabos’ director of golf, Antonio… Time for Winter Golf… Here we are in the winter doldrums. Still a month from Spring Training in Scottsdale, with sub-freezing temperatures gripping most of the nation. What's a… Little River:… (CARTHAGE, N.C.) May 23, 2012 -- While playing my way through Virginia and North Carolina recently, I was directed from Pinehurst up the road toward… Longaberger Offers NCAA Deals (DAYTON, Ohio) March 9, 2011 -- Golfers visiting Ohio for early-round NCAA basketball action in Dayton or Cleveland can enjoy a $59 greens fee or… Suggestions for Spring Training Golf Around Phoenix The One Golf Glove Covers Only Part of Your Hand Orlando-bound? Think Kissimmee Instead Drum and Quill Public HouseLos Cabos Quivira Previous ArticleCondon Wins Sr. Am QualifierNext ArticleOne-Arm Golfer Perseveres Sierra del Rio, Picacho CC Offer Father’s Day Meal Deals How one Golfer in Washington State Survived the Pandemic Boyne Golf Resorts Reopen Butterfield Trail Succumbs to Coronavirus Pandemic	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17207
__label__cc	0.587945	0.412055	3-D Full Waveform Tomography for Sinkhole Identification Two former Civil and Environmental geotechnical engineering doctoral students, Kenneth Stokoe and Dennis Hiltunen, collaborated to present a workshop on three dimensional (3-D) characterization of the underground.\| Short Read Two former Civil and Environmental geotechnical engineering doctoral students, Kenneth Stokoe and Dennis Hiltunen, collaborated to present a workshop on three dimensional (3-D) characterization of the underground. CEE Professor Emeritus, Richard Woods, was co-chairman of both of their doctoral committees when they studied at U-M. Sinkholes appearing at the ground surface are frequent phenomena in some regions of the USA. Long before their emergence at the surface, the origins of the sinkholes are already underway. Current methods of finding the early stage cavities to mitigate their progression have not been very successful and are very expensive. Knowledge of the low-velocity anomalies (sinkholes) is crucial for the design and the safety of existing structures, since the anomalies can cause structural damage or collapse. A new method of characterizing the underground in 3-D which can help identify developing sinkholes was demonstrated in a two-day workshop at the University of Florida, Gainesville on October 26 & 27, 2017. The workshop was organized by the University of Texas-Austin Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure (NHERI) Equipment Facility, directed by Professor Kenneth Stokoe (Ph.D. U of M, 1972), and the University of Florida, Gainesville, Professor Dennis Hiltunen, (Ph.D. U of M, 1988), both CEE alumni. The UT Austin NHERI Experimental Facility is supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation under the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program. IMAGE: L to R: Prof. Kenneth Stokoe, Prof. Richard Woods, Prof. Dennis Hiltunen The workshop consisted of one half-day introductory session on concepts and equipment and a half-day field demonstration and proof of concept. The field site operated by Prof. Hiltunen consisted of an approximately 20 acre former runoff retention pond constructed by the Florida Department of Transportation, which does not retain water because of leakage through buried sinkholes. The field site is approximately 29 km from Gainesville, and approximately 150 km from Jacksonville. The northern portion of the site has been susceptible to sinkhole formation and a number of large sinkholes have formed and been repaired. However, the southern portion has been relatively free of sinkholes and is an ideal location for characterizing karst limestone sites. Prof. Hiltunen’s student from the University of Florida, Dr. Khiem Tran, and his students at Clarkson University performed the data analysis of the data collected during the demonstration portion of the workshop. IMAGE: Surface manifestation of soluble limestone sinkhole The workshop highlighted the use of the NSF, Natural Hazards Engineering Research Infrastructure, NHERI@UTexas equipment for true 3-D non-intrusive imaging of the underground by full waveform inversion. Ground motion data collected from multiple parallel lines of MASW type seismic wave propagation was collated and analyzed by Assistant Professor Tran (Clarkson University) to reveal multiple anomalies (sinkholes) under this site. The specific equipment used by the NHERI@UTexas team to create seismic waves of multiple frequencies consisted of a mobile truck-mounted hydraulic shaker called “Thumper,” which created both vertical and horizontal loadings on the ground surface. A dataset of 3-dimensional waveforms that can be processed for 3D sinkhole imaging purposes via full-waveform inversion was collected during the workshop. This proof-of-concept demonstration revealed many buried sinkholes and some surface sinkholes. All the data from this demonstration are available from NHERI@UTexas for interested researchers who wish to evaluate their own 3-D imaging algorithms. Explore:Civil and Environmental EngineeringFacultyStudents Jessica Petras Marketing Communications Specialist jpetras@umich.edu GG Brown 2105E Sherif El-Tawil wins ASCE Wellington Prize The award recognizes outstanding papers in transportation engineering.\| Short Read Nancy Love honored with national award for outstanding environmental engineering education and research The American Academy of Environmental Engineers and Scientists recognizes Love’s achievements with the Science Award.\| Medium Read The secret math of the Amazon CEE professor Valeriy Ivanov works to unravel the mysteries of the world’s last great forest\| Medium Read Professor Emeritus of Civil and Environmental Engineering	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17210
__label__wiki	0.677321	0.677321	by Charles Shaviro, Laird Gallagher, and Eli Dvorkin Tags: higher education economic opportunity tech community colleges innovation economy For New York City to make significantly more progress helping New Yorkers from lower-income, diverse backgrounds to access technology careers, the City University of New York (CUNY) will need to play an increasingly important role. While the city is home to a number of workforce training programs that prepare New Yorkers for the well-paying jobs in the tech sector, CUNY is uniquely well-positioned to address the tech opportunity gap at the necessary scale. This new analysis shows that CUNY is already making crucial progress, with the total number of degrees in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) granted annually nearly doubling over the past 10 years—rising by 93 percent, from 4,671 in 2009-10 to 9,013 in 2018-19. The total number of CUNY STEM graduates has shot up across every demographic group, and increased at 19 of CUNY’s 20 campuses that grant STEM degrees. However, this report finds that progress is still needed, particularly in the most in-demand degree programs. While Black and Hispanic students account for 55 percent of all students enrolled at CUNY, they received just 31 percent of computer science degrees in 2018-19. At the same time, just 19 percent of computer science degrees at CUNY were awarded to women, even though women comprise 58 percent of CUNY’s overall student population. When gender and ethnicity are considered, even starker disparities emerge: despite making up 18 percent of the CUNY student body, Hispanic women received just 7 percent of all STEM degrees and only 4 percent of degrees in technology—the lowest shares of any demographic group. Overall, we find that the number of STEM degrees granted by CUNY colleges has grown tremendously in recent years, with major gains for Black and Hispanic students and women, and notable increases at both senior and community colleges. Today, CUNY is graduating nearly 10,000 students annually with STEM degrees—a major milestone for the city’s higher education system and an indicator that thousands more New Yorkers from lower-income backgrounds are being prepared for the jobs and industries that are poised to lead the city’s economic recovery. This report finds that within the mix of STEM fields at CUNY, the biggest increases have been in technology degrees. The number of annual technology graduates has risen 145 percent over the past decade, increasing from 1,597 in 2009-10 to 3,907 in 2018-19. Engineering graduates have jumped 87 percent, from 525 in 2009-10 to 984 degrees granted in 2018-19. Science graduates have increased 77 percent, from 1,813 in 2009-10 to 3,215 in 2018-19, and mathematics degrees have grown by 23 percent, from 736 degrees in 2009-10 to 907 degrees in 2018-19. Significant growth in STEM graduates is taking place at nearly every campus in the CUNY system. The number of community college STEM graduates has increased 31 percent over the past four years, from 1,739 to 2,275, and the ranks of senior college STEM graduates have risen 35 percent, from 5,008 to 6,738. In fact, 19 of the 20 STEM-degree-granting CUNY schools have increased their STEM graduates since 2015-16, the first year that data on degrees granted by major/college was made available (the one exception is Kingsborough Community College, which saw a 6 percent decrease). More CUNY students of all backgrounds are graduating with STEM degrees. Our analysis shows that over the past four years, the number of Asian/Pacific Islander students graduating with a STEM degree has grown by 52 percent (from 1,982 to 3,005), while the number of Hispanic STEM graduates has grown by 41 percent (1,201 to 1,696), Black STEM graduates by 31 percent (1,599 to 2,088), and white STEM graduates by 13 percent (1,952 to 2,205). The number of women graduating with STEM degrees is also up 36 percent, increasing from just 2,661 women in 2015-16 to 3,608 women in 2018-19. But while CUNY has made strides in expanding the pool of students who gain STEM degrees each year, Black and Hispanic students—and especially Black and Hispanic women—are still underrepresented in these programs. In 2018-19, Hispanic students made up 30 percent of all enrolled students at CUNY but accounted for just 19 percent of all STEM graduates. Black students comprised 25 percent of CUNY’s overall student population, but just 23 percent of STEM graduates. Black women make up 16 percent of the CUNY student body but earned just 11 percent of all STEM degrees. And Hispanic women, despite making up fully 18 percent of the CUNY student body, accounted for just 7 percent of total STEM graduates. In some of the most in-demand degree programs, Black and Hispanic students are even more underrepresented. In 2018-19, out of 1,063 total computer science degrees granted by CUNY colleges, just 157 (15 percent) went to Black students, and 170 (16 percent) went to Hispanic students. By comparison, 510 computer science degrees (48 percent) went to Asian students, and 223 went to white students (21 percent). Just 19 percent of computer science degrees were awarded to women. The underrepresentation of Black and Hispanic women in key STEM disciplines is striking. For example, Black and Hispanic women received fewer than 9 percent of all Engineering degrees, despite making up over one-third of CUNY’s student body. From Bronx Community College to the College of Staten Island, the growth of STEM is opening important new pathways into the companies and industries—including tech, healthcare, and engineering—driving much of the city’s high-wage job growth and expanding access into these careers for thousands of students from lower-income communities. To build on this important progress city and state policymakers and CUNY leaders should take steps to continue these trends and ensure that every CUNY college is making strides. At the same time, more work needs to be done to close the access and opportunity gaps for those students, especially Hispanic students and women, who remain significantly underrepresented among STEM graduates. There are numerous factors that contribute to differences in representation between STEM graduates and overall CUNY enrollment. But there are concrete steps that the city can take to continue to bolster STEM enrollment and degree attainment among students from lower-income, diverse backgrounds. Increase support for K–12 STEM skills-building and exploration programs in under-resourced neighborhoods. CUF’s previous research finds that closing gaps in the availability of early childhood STEM education could have the greatest impact on expanding access to STEM degrees and careers over the long term. This will require continued expansion of successful initiatives like Computer Science for All (CS4ALL) and the city's P-TECH high schools, but it also requires the city to significantly expand computing education in grades K-5. By building excitement about STEM pathways from the earliest years of a child’s life, New York City can encourage far more underrepresented students to pursue further opportunities in STEM fields as they grow older. Raise the visibility of New York City’s diverse STEM graduates through creative promotion and mentorship. To help attract more underrepresented students to STEM fields, New York City and CUNY should work together to raise the visibility of diverse STEM graduates who are finding success in the workplace—especially Black and Hispanic women—and expand mentorship programs that connect current students to peers already working in STEM fields. A major campaign showcasing the achievements of underrepresented STEM graduates in fields like tech, scientific research, and engineering would help students from all backgrounds see themselves in science and technology careers. Bolster wraparound services to support lower-income students. The ongoing economic crisis caused by the pandemic will require a new level of support for students’ economic, academic, and emotional needs. In order to help more low-income students earn a credential in the months ahead, the city and state should expand support for CUNY’s efforts to provide childcare, food and housing assistance, mental health counseling, and screening for benefits, among other basic needs, which will help ensure that more of CUNY’s low-income students are able to stay enrolled and graduate. Expand CUNY’s most effective programs across the system. LaGuardia Community College, City Tech, and the Borough of Manhattan Community College, among others, have succeeded in rapidly growing the number of STEM graduates. CUNY should apply what’s working at these colleges—including important new industry partnerships—and replicate this approach across the other STEM degree-granting colleges. Employers need to embrace CUNY’s growing role in developing STEM talent. Industry leaders and local employers should take notice of the 10,000-plus New Yorkers graduating from CUNY every year with a STEM degree. To encourage the further development of this important talent pipeline, companies should expand efforts to recruit from CUNY and make CUNY a key part of how they seek out new hires and implement efforts to increase diversity and inclusion. Continue to support and expand ASAP. CUNY's ASAP program is not only among the nation's most successful efforts to boost community college graduation rates, it also has had a positive impact on STEM students' academic outcomes. Moreover, the recently established BNY Mellon Foundation ASAP Transfer Scholarship is helping to support select ASAP graduates who transfer to a CUNY senior college to pursue a STEM or business degree. This report, which is based on the most recently available data from CUNY’s Office of Institutional Research, includes the following key findings: Over the past decade, the number of CUNY STEM graduates annually has nearly doubled. The total number of STEM degrees granted annually at CUNY colleges has nearly doubled over the past 10 years, rising 93 percent from 4,671 in 2009-10 to 9,013 in 2018-19. The growth in CUNY STEM graduates has outpaced the growth in non-STEM graduates by over 55 percent. (93% growth vs. 37.8% growth; +4,342 vs +13,210) Since 2013-14, STEM’s share of all CUNY degrees has risen from 12 percent to 15.8 percent. Since 2009, the number of degrees granted each year in Technology has grown by 144.6 percent, an increase of 2,310 degrees. Science degrees have risen by 77.3 percent or 1,402 degrees, Engineering by 87.4 percent or 459 degrees, and Math by 23.2 percent or 171 degrees. STEM degree attainment has increased across every demographic group at CUNY, with the greatest increases recorded by Asian students. The number of Asian students graduating with a degree in STEM grew by 51.6 percent (+1,023 students) from 2015-2016 to 2018-19, increasing from 1,982 students to 3,003 students in just four years. The number of STEM degrees granted to Women grew 35.6 percent over the same period, rising by 947 from 2,661 in 2015-16 to 3,608 in 2018-19. Male STEM graduates rose 32.3% (+1,319) over the four years, from 4,086 students to 5,405 students. From 2015-16 to 2018-19, Hispanic STEM graduates increased by 41.2 percent (+495 students) from 1,201 to 1,696 students, while Black STEM graduates grew by 30.6 percent (+489 students) from 1,599 to 2,088 students. White STEM graduates increased 13.0 percent (+253 students), from 1,952 to 2,205 students. 19 of the 20 STEM-degree-granting CUNY campuses are producing more STEM graduates since 2016, although a few campuses are driving the overall increase. All but one of CUNY’s 20 STEM-degree granting colleges experienced an increase in STEM graduates between 2016 and 2019. Two CUNY schools—New York City College of Technology (NYCCT) and City College—produce more than 1,000 STEM graduates per year. In 2018-19, NYCT graduated 1,379 students while City College produced 1,153. In total, CUNY’s senior colleges granted 6,738 STEM degrees in 2018-19, 34.5 percent more than the 5,008 they granted in 2015-16, while the community colleges granted 2,275 STEM degrees in 2018-19, 30.8 percent more than the 1,739 degrees granted four years prior. New York City College of Technology and LaGuardia Community College have added the largest number of annual STEM graduates, granting 370 and 310 more STEM degrees in 2018-19 than in 2015-16, an increase of 36.7 percent and 76.4 percent, respectively. Among schools with more than 100 annual STEM graduates, LaGuardia Community College has seen the fastest growth in STEM graduates, increasing 76 percent since 2015-16, followed by Lehman College (67 percent), Medgar Evers (65 percent), and Queens College (56 percent). The seven colleges that now graduate more than 600 STEM students annually combined for 5,851 STEM graduates in 2018-19, 65% of CUNY’s total. (In order of # of grads: NYCCT, City College, LaGuardia, Queens College, Baruch College, BMCC, Hunter College). STEM Degrees Granted, 2018-19 STEM Share of All Degrees NYCCT 127 1,232 0 20 1,379 47.9% City 356 102 628 67 1,153 34.5% LaGuardia 350 257 109 0 716 20.9% Queens 215 248 0 205 668 13.5% Baruch 32 330 36 266 664 13.1% BMCC 151 423 54 29 657 15.1% Hunter 401 101 0 112 614 11.0% Brooklyn 212 204 0 49 465 11.4% Medgar Evers 394 51 0 5 450 35.2% Staten Island 166 103 67 31 367 13.2% Lehman 121 155 0 62 338 9.6% Queensborough 119 196 18 0 333 13.5% Kingsborough 124 108 20 8 260 10.3% Graduate School 207 24 0 13 244 25.1% Bronx 54 111 23 9 197 11.4% John Jay 107 68 0 0 175 4.3% York 58 70 0 15 143 11.8% Hostos 21 30 29 16 96 7.6% Professional Studies 0 78 0 0 78 10.1% Guttman 0 16 0 0 16 7.2% All four STEM disciplines are growing, led by technology degrees. Technology degrees granted grew by 2,310 (+144.6 percent), from 1,597 in 2009-10 to 3,907 degrees granted in 2018-19. Engineering degrees granted grew by 459 (+87.4 percent) from 525 in 2009-10 to 984 degrees granted in 2018-19. Science degrees granted grew by 1,402 (+77.3 percent), from 1,813 in 2009-10 to 3,215 degrees granted in 2018-19. Mathematics degrees granted grew by 171 (+23.2 percent), from 736 in 2009-10 to 907 degrees in 2018-19. Computer Science graduates nearly doubled over the last four years, surging from 568 in 2015-16 to 1,063 in 2018-19. Yet significant racial and ethnic disparities in STEM degree attainment persist. Hispanic students made up just 18.8 percent of all STEM graduates in 2018-19, despite comprising 30.2 percent of all enrolled students. Black students earned 23.2 percent of all STEM degrees in 2018-19, while making up 25.2 percent of students. The share of STEM degrees granted to Black students has actually decreased over the past three years, from 23.7 percent in 2015-16 to 23.2 percent in 2018-19, while the share granted to Hispanic students has increased slightly, from 17.8 percent in 2015-16 to 18.8 percent in 2018-19. Asian students earned 33.3 percent of all STEM degrees in 2018-19—up from 29.4 percent in 2015-16—despite making up just 21.2 percent of CUNY’s enrollment. White students earned 24.5 percent of all STEM degrees in 2018-19, down from 28.9 percent in 2015-16, but still higher than their share of overall enrollment (23.1 percent). Only 14.8 percent of computer science graduates were Black and just 16 percent Hispanic in 2018-19, while 21 percent were white and 48 percent were Asian. Only 15.9 percent of Engineering degrees went to Black students and 19.5 percent to Hispanic students, while 38.3 percent went to Asian students and 26.1 percent went to white students. Just 11.1 percent of graduates receiving mathematics degrees in 2018-19 were Black, and just 13.9 percent were Hispanic. STEM Degrees Granted by Major and Race/Ethnicity, 2018-19 STEM Major Total Degrees Granted Biology 25.6% 29.2% 15.6% 29.4% 1,220 Chemistry 43.4% 13.0% 8.8% 34.8% 385 Physics 33.0% 7.8% 15.5% 43.7% 103 General Science 21.3% 39.1% 19.2% 19.9% 1,115 Aggregated Other Sciences 25.8% 24.0% 17.9% 32.4% 12 Science Total 26.5% 29.4% 16.3% 27.6% 3,215 Technology 23.4% 29.8% 31.0% 15.6% 1,145 Computer Science 48.0% 14.8% 16.0% 21.0% 1,063 Other CIS 37.8% 22.9% 19.4% 19.7% 1,699 Technology Total 36.4% 22.7% 21.9% 18.9% 3,907 Engineering 38.3% 15.9% 19.5% 26.1% 984 Engineering Total 38.3% 15.9% 19.5% 26.1% 984 Mathematics 36.2% 12.5% 15.9% 35.3% 694 Statistics 50.0% 6.1% 9.5% 34.5% 148 Actuarial Science 46.2% 7.7% 3.1% 43.1% 65 Mathematics Total 39.1% 11.1% 13.9% 35.7% 907 STEM Total 33.3% 23.2% 18.8% 24.5% 9,013 STEM degree attainment by women has grown significantly but is still disproportionately low across many disciplines. 40 percent of STEM graduates in 2018-19 were women, even though women make up fully 58 percent of the CUNY student body. Only 22.5 percent of CUNY Engineering degrees were granted to women in 2018-19. Women received just 23.8 percent of all technology degrees granted by CUNY in 2018-19, including just 19.5 percent of all Computer Science degrees. 63.2 percent of all CUNY science degrees were granted to women, with women earning 66.1 percent of all Biology degrees and 68.2 percent of all General Science degrees. Fully 18.2 percent of all CUNY students are Hispanic women, and yet Hispanic women earned just 6.6 percent of all STEM degrees granted in 2018-19. Black women make up 15.5 percent of the CUNY student body but earned just 10.6 percent of all STEM degrees granted in 2018-19. Just 4.3 percent of technology degrees granted in 2018-19 went to Hispanic women. 3.7 percent of CUNY’s 2018-19 Engineering graduates were Black women. While nearly every college has seen growth in STEM graduates, several community colleges are lagging behind. Kingsborough Community College was the only college in the CUNY system to see a decline in STEM degrees granted over the last four years, declining from 276 students in 2015-16 to 260 students in 2018-19, a 6 percent drop. Hostos Community College, Bronx Community College, Queensborough Community College, and Guttman Community College all recorded minimal growth in STEM graduates, granting just 77 more STEM degrees combined in 2018-19 than four years prior. Together, LaGuardia Community College and the Borough of Manhattan Community College account for 60.4 percent of all STEM graduates at CUNY community colleges. Bronx Community College graduated just 197 students with STEM degrees in 2018-19 (8.7 percent of all community college STEM graduates). Hostos Community College graduated just 96 students with a STEM degree—the fewest of any community college other than the much smaller Guttman, and just 4 percent of all community college STEM graduates. Overall CUNY’s community colleges granted far fewer STEM degrees than did senior colleges in 2018-19—just 2,275 degrees compared to 6,738 at senior colleges. Over the past decade, CUNY has made significant progress in expanding the number of students who earn a STEM degree. Nearly 10,000 students annually are graduating with a degree in science, technology, engineering, or math—opening pathways into some of the most promising careers in New York City’s fastest-growing industries for thousands of students from lower-income backgrounds. But there remains much work to be done to increase the representation of Hispanic, Black, and women students among STEM graduates and to ensure that the striking gains made by a handful of colleges can extend across the entire system. To do so, CUNY will need sustained support from city and state policymakers, business leaders, and leaders in the K-12 system to ensure that even more New Yorkers of all backgrounds can gain the educational credentials and skills needed to access careers in tech, engineering, healthcare, and other industries poised for long-term growth. Growth in STEM Enrollment and Degrees Granted, 2016-19 2016 Enrollment Enrollment Growth # (2016-19) Enrollment Growth % (2016-19) 2016 Degrees Granted Degrees Granted Growth # (2016-19) Degrees Granted Growth % (2016-19) Baruch 1,888 2,526 638 33.8% 479 664 185 38.6% Brooklyn 1,869 2,127 258 13.8% 342 465 123 36.0% City 4,920 4,827 -93 -1.9% 920 1,153 233 25.3% Hunter 2,133 3,099 966 45.3% 572 614 42 7.3% John Jay 1,150 1,492 342 29.7% 129 175 46 35.7% Lehman 1,227 1,531 304 24.8% 203 338 135 66.5% Medgar Evers 2,246 1,960 -286 -12.7% 273 450 177 64.8% NYCCT 7,832 8,039 207 2.6% 1,009 1,379 370 36.7% Queens 2,619 3,831 1,212 46.3% 427 668 241 56.4% Staten Island 3,138 2,939 -199 -6.3% 267 367 100 37.5% York 1,233 1,124 -109 -8.8% 138 143 5 3.6% Graduate School 751 748 -3 -0.4% 239 244 5 2.1% Professional Studies 245 456 211 86.1% 10 78 68 680.0% Total Senior Colleges 31,251 34,699 3,448 11.0% 5,008 6,738 1,730 34.5% BMCC 4,761 4,476 -285 -6.0% 492 657 165 33.5% Bronx 1,435 1,367 -68 -4.7% 175 197 22 12.6% Guttman 90 123 33 36.7% 9 16 7 77.8% Hostos 682 730 48 7.0% 79 96 17 21.5% Kingsborough 1,750 1,585 -165 -9.4% 276 260 -16 -5.8% LaGuardia 3,888 3,540 -348 -9.0% 406 716 310 76.4% Queensborough 2,447 2,393 -54 -2.2% 302 333 31 10.3% Total Community Colleges 15,053 14,214 -839 -5.6% 1,739 2,275 536 30.8% Total University 46,304 48,913 2,609 5.6% 6,747 9,013 2,266 33.6% Engineering: Growth in Enrollment and Degrees Granted, 2016-19 City 2,961 2,441 -520 -17.6% 469 628 159 33.9% LaGuardia 676 573 -103 -15.2% 61 109 48 78.7% Staten Island 525 522 -3 -0.6% 43 67 24 55.8% BMCC 524 498 -26 -5.0% 40 54 14 35.0% Baruch 83 68 -15 -18.1% 21 36 15 71.4% Bronx 181 135 -46 -25.4% 22 23 1 4.5% Kingsborough 179 152 -27 -15.1% 18 20 2 11.1% Queensborough 265 186 -79 -29.8% 20 18 -2 -10.0% Graduate School 0 0 0 - 3 0 -3 -100.0% Hostos 235 233 -2 -0.9% 29 29 0 0.0% Total Community Colleges 2,060 1,777 -283 -13.7% 190 253 63 33.2% Total Senior Colleges 3,569 3,031 -538 -15.1% 536 731 195 36.4% Total University 5,629 4,808 -821 -14.6% 726 984 258 35.5% Technology: Growth in Enrollment and Degrees Granted, 2016-19 NYCCT 6,516 6,799 283 4.3% 890 1,232 342 38.4% BMCC 2,726 2,781 55 2.0% 321 423 102 31.8% Baruch 872 1,251 379 43.5% 231 330 99 42.9% LaGuardia 1,154 1,342 188 16.3% 146 257 111 76.0% Queens 1,135 1,854 719 63.3% 110 248 138 125.5% Brooklyn 753 979 226 30.0% 108 204 96 88.9% Queensborough 1,231 1,553 322 26.2% 171 196 25 14.6% Lehman 490 627 137 28.0% 79 155 76 96.2% Bronx 726 745 19 2.6% 100 111 11 11.0% Kingsborough 662 653 -9 -1.4% 99 108 9 9.1% Staten Island 780 791 11 1.4% 74 103 29 39.2% City 552 560 8 1.4% 77 102 25 32.5% Hunter 421 942 521 123.8% 83 101 18 21.7% York 431 391 -40 -9.3% 64 70 6 9.4% John Jay 461 828 367 79.6% 34 68 34 100.0% Medgar Evers 258 282 24 9.3% 14 51 37 264.3% Hostos 152 159 7 4.6% 22 30 8 36.4% Graduate School 114 105 -9 -7.9% 28 24 -4 -14.3% Total Community Colleges 6,741 7,356 615 9.1% 868 1,141 273 31.5% Total Senior Colleges 13,028 15,840 2,812 21.6% 1,802 2,766 964 53.5% Total University 19,769 23,196 3,427 17.3% 2,670 3,907 1,237 46.3% CUNY STEM Degrees Granted, by College Share of all Science Degrees Share of all Tech Degrees Share of all Engineering Degrees Share of all Math Degrees Share of CUNY's STEM Degrees Granted Share of Total CUNY Degrees Granted NYCCT 4.0% 31.5% 0.0% 2.2% 15.3% 5.0% City College 11.1% 2.6% 63.8% 7.4% 12.8% 5.9% LaGuardia 10.9% 6.6% 11.1% 0.0% 7.9% 6.0% Queens 6.7% 6.3% 0.0% 22.6% 7.4% 8.7% Baruch 1.0% 8.4% 3.7% 29.3% 7.4% 8.9% BMCC 4.7% 10.8% 5.5% 3.2% 7.3% 7.6% Hunter 12.5% 2.6% 0.0% 12.3% 6.8% 9.8% Brooklyn 6.6% 5.2% 0.0% 5.4% 5.2% 7.1% Medgar Evers 12.3% 1.3% 0.0% 0.6% 5.0% 2.2% Staten Island 5.2% 2.6% 6.8% 3.4% 4.1% 4.9% Lehman 3.8% 4.0% 0.0% 6.8% 3.8% 6.1% Queensborough 3.7% 5.0% 1.8% 0.0% 3.7% 4.3% Kingsborough 3.9% 2.8% 2.0% 0.9% 2.9% 4.4% Graduate School 6.4% 0.6% 0.0% 1.4% 2.7% 1.7% Bronx 1.7% 2.8% 2.3% 1.0% 2.2% 3.0% John Jay 3.3% 1.7% 0.0% 0.0% 1.9% 7.1% York 1.8% 1.8% 0.0% 1.7% 1.6% 2.1% Hostos 0.7% 0.8% 2.9% 1.8% 1.1% 2.2% Professional Studies 0.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 1.4% Guttman 0.0% 0.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% BNY Mellon is a global investments company dedicated to helping its clients manage and service their financial assets throughout the investment lifecycle. Whether providing financial services for institutions, corporations or individual investors, BNY Mellon delivers informed investment and wealth management and investment services in 35 countries. As of June 30, 2020, BNY Mellon had $37.3 trillion in assets under custody and/or administration, and $2.0 trillion in assets under management. BNY Mellon can act as a single point of contact for clients looking to create, trade, hold, manage, service, distribute or restructure investments. BNY Mellon is the corporate brand of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (NYSE: BK). Additional information is available on www.bnymellon.com. Follow BNY Mellon on Twitter @BNYMellon or visit their newsroom at www.bnymellon.com/newsroom for the latest company news. NYC Comptroller reveals new workforce development plan centered on CUNY students The Ticker, by Farah Javed, October 29, 2020 CUNY’s STEM Graduates Nearly Double in a Decade but Disparities Persist, Study Finds The City, by Gabriel Sandoval, November 24, 2020 Jobs today, mobility tomorrow New York Daily News, by Daily News Editorial Board, November 29, 2020 Funding for this report was generously provided by BNY Mellon. General operating support for the Center for an Urban Future has been provided by The Clark Foundation and the Bernard F. and Alva B. Gimbel Foundation. New York’s Free Tuition Promise Falling Short Plugging In: Building NYC’s Tech Education & Training Ecosystem Conversation with CUNY Chancellor Félix V. Matos Rodríguez	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17213
__label__wiki	0.864932	0.864932	select all Sept. 14, 2016 Facebook Is Going to Fix Its News Technology Problem With More Technology By Brian Feldman At TechCrunch’s Disrupt conference today, the head of its News Feed product, Adam Mosseri, spoke about the future of Trending Topics. The sidebar recently underwent an overhaul after it was reported that the human editors in charge avoided conservative news sources — Facebook fired all of the editors, and in doing so eliminated the best filter it had for keeping fake news from bubbling to the top of the bog. You can guess what happened next. As the odd, removed summaries of trending stories disappeared, fake news stories — including the not-real firing of Megyn Kelly from Fox News, claims that 9/11 was the result of a controlled demolition, and a partisan group questioning Hillary Clinton’s physical fitness — showed up in the module. Mosseri explained that News Feed was working on rolling out tools that minimized the spread of fake news. According to TechCrunch, “he said [fake articles like the Megyn Kelly one were] the sort of problem that could have happened before the change.” (TechCrunch’s writeup does not specify why Mosseri believes that a clearly fake article would have made it past human editors with even a modicum of decent judgment.) Mosseri is trying to spin the recent changes to Trending Topics (less detail, more fakery) as improvements that work on a global scale. “A system where we talk about the topic and the number of people speaking about the topic actually scales better internationally,” said Mosseri, “and we care a lot about scaling.” “We tried to make sure we have one experience that adapts based on people’s usage across the world, and not to have different types of products in different countries — that becomes much more difficult to maintain and execute on,” he added. Creating systems that work on a global scale often means creating systems so bland and inoffensive that there is hardly anything to complain about. What is clear is that Facebook wants to give users more relevant information — whether or not it’s accurate is secondary. Facebook Is Totally Working on Filtering Out Fake News	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17214
__label__wiki	0.640281	0.640281	Western Canadian Select •1 min 41.42 -1.15 -2.70% Sweet Crude •1 min 47.42 -1.15 -2.37% Peace Sour •1 min 46.17 -1.15 -2.43% Peace Sour • 1 min 46.17 -1.15 -2.43% Light Sour Blend • 1 min 47.92 -1.15 -2.34% Syncrude Sweet Premium • 1 min 49.52 -1.15 -2.27% Central Alberta • 1 min 46.17 -1.15 -2.43% 1 hour U.S. Sanctions Oil Traders As Venezuelan Oil Exports Continue How Gold, Silver And Platinum Are Used In The Battle Against COVID-19 Precious metal prices soared during… Gold Could Be Heading To $5,000 The COVID pandemic has sparked… A Looming Decision From The Fed Could Send Gold Soaring The European Central Bank (ECB)… Andy Soos Andy Soos is a writer for the news site: Environmental News Network Gold Mining Boom Increasing Mercury Pollution Risk By Andy Soos - Jan 06, 2011, 10:34 AM CST In order to maximize gold extraction, mercury is often used to amalgamate with the metal. The gold is then produced by boiling away the mercury from the amalgam, a process which is hazardous owing to the toxicity of mercury vapor. Mercury is effective in extracting very small gold particles, but should be reclaimed in an effective and safe process. With the price of gold at record levels. the small-scale mining sector, much of it illegal and unregulated, is expanding worldwide faster than at anytime in history and, with it, the health threats posed by mercury. This global gold rush began in Brazil in the late 1970s, before sweeping South America, Asia, and Africa, with an estimated 15 to 20 million prospectors now active in more than 60 countries. Poverty driven miners rely on inexpensive, outdated, polluting technologies and chemicals because it is what they can afford. Mercury can vaporize and exposure to concentrations above 0.1 mg/m3 can be harmful. At this level, humans cannot detect the Mercury and can be exposed until harmed. While most gold is produced by major corporations, tens of thousands of people work independently in smaller, artisan operations, in some cases illegal. In Ghana, for instance, the galamseys, independent mine workers, are estimated to number 20,000 to 50,000. In neighboring countries, such workers are called orpailleurs. In Brazil, such workers are called garimpeiros. A total of about 165,000 tons of gold have been mined in human history, as of 2009. The world consumption of new gold produced is about 50% in jewelry, 40% in investments, and 10% in industry. Gold mining is Colombia’s fastest growing industry, with 200,000 small-scale miners producing more than 50 percent of the country’s gold. This growth has turned Colombia into the world’s leading per-capita emitter of mercury, especially in states such as Antioquia. Ground-level concentrations of mercury gas in gold-processing hamlets like Segovia are so high, experts fear the outbreak of an environmental health crisis worse than any caused by mercury since Minamata, Japan, where releases of mercury from a factory in the mid-20th century killed more than 1,700 people. Mercury exposure has shown effects such as tremors, impaired cognitive skills, and sleep disturbance in workers with chronic exposure to mercury vapor even at low concentrations Slightly higher exposure have resulted in chest pain, dyspnea, cough, hemoptysis, impairment of pulmonary function, and evidence of interstitial pneumonitis. Acute exposure to mercury vapor has been shown to result in profound central nervous system effects, including psychotic reactions characterized by delirium, hallucinations, and suicidal tendency. After the birth of industrial-scale mining in the late 19th century, small-scale mining receded to the corners of crumbling, impoverished Columbian states, offering a refuge for the poor. Unlike larger scale industrial mining operations, small scale mines never abandoned mercury. Cheap, abundant, and easy to use, mercury used in gold mining causes significant mercury pollution. But because of a widespread perception that small-scale mining was no longer a global force, serious efforts to document these toxic emissions only began recently. In Colombia, two modest technical adjustments (adding mercury after, rather than during, the grinding of ores, and capturing its vapor in ovens) could eliminate nearly all mercury emissions. However, most miners and processors lack the resources to change. By. Andy Soos Gold Makes Record Run Beware the Coming Collapse of Gold The World’s Most Controversial Pipeline Project Enters Its Final Phase Researchers Are Harvesting Precious Metals From Industrial Waste	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17219
__label__wiki	0.633	0.633	Ombuds Research Studying the work of ombuds men and women and complaint handlers About Ombudsresearch Informal Resolution by Ombudsmen Say what you mean, mean what you say: New research highlights challenges in the language used by ombuds Posted: November 19, 2017 \| Author: Margaret Doyle \| Filed under: informal resolution, ombuds, research, terminology, users' views \| Tags: complaints, Legal Ombudsman \| Leave a comment A new report has been published on research on language used in complaints handling. The Language of Complaints, produced by IFF Research, was commissioned by the Legal Ombudsman to help understand how language affects consumers’ behaviour and choices and identify better practice in the use of language. The report highlights the use of jargon in complaints responses – including ‘remedy’, ‘premature’ and ‘out of time’ – which can cause confusion or appear meaningless and add to ‘the accumulation of technical language that the customer will have encountered in their complaint “journey”.’ The researchers explored the impact of language used in both written and oral communication by legal services providers and the Legal Ombudsman. They consulted with staff at the Legal Ombudsman and also carried out 15 face-to-face interviews and four focus groups with members of the public, both those whose complaint to the Ombudsman had concluded and those who had used a legal services provider but not complained. Responses suggested that, generally, communications were clear and straightforward and that the Legal Ombudsman’s language is an improvement on that used by legal services providers. There were a number of areas, however, in both written and oral communications where improvements could be made. Interpretations of commonly used phrases Although it is clear that people interpret language in a variety of ways, it is useful to understand better how common phrases used by redress mechanisms can convey the opposite of what is intended. For example: ‘The phrase “we will look at the facts in each case” was felt to convey the Ombudsman’s impartial approach particularly well, while the idea of the Ombudsman “weighing up the comments” from the customer and the service provider meant that several non-customers interpreted the Ombudsman’s role as being like a pair of scales.’ Other comments include that the term ‘impartiality’ implies ‘sitting on the fence’ and being toothless to enforce recommendations, and that ‘premature’ (used in relation to a complaint that has not yet gone through the internal complaints procedure of the provider) is associated ‘with small babies or with a sexual context’. Lack of clarity on ‘informal’ resolution It is interesting to note that among the problematic language identified is ‘informal resolution’: the research identified that the steps involved in taking a complaint to an ombud are not as clear as they could be, and that for some interviewees: ‘…the word “informal” is jarring: taking their complaint to the Legal Ombudsman feels like a formal process to them, so implying that their complaint is informal feels to some as thought their complaint is being downplayed and that its importance is devalued by the term.’ The report explains the process of ‘informal resolution’ as follows: ‘Once a complaint has been accepted, it will be passed to an investigator who will listen to both sides, look at the facts, weigh up the evidence and take a view. If a case is resolved at this stage, it is resolved ‘informally’. The Legal Ombudsman aims to resolve complaints this way; currently, approximately 30% of cases are resolved like this.’ More insights on the language used around informal resolution suggest the need for more clarity about the process used in this informal stage, something we highlighted in our report on informal resolution approaches used by ombuds. ‘…several of the calls were felt to be overwhelming and hard to understand. This was due, in large part, to their lack of structure which felt baffling to the customer: for example, the informal resolution with remedy call started with the staff delivering a decision, when later it became apparent that this was actually a first offer (“It began as a decision, then it became a bartering thing.”)’. ‘…there was a lack of clarity among participants about the different stages of the process, and, in particular, what the difference between a “preliminary” and “provisional” decision means in practise. Few customers were certain whether they had received one or both (with one or two believing that the preliminary decision was when the Legal Ombudsman assesses your case and decides to take it on, and one or two others believing that the preliminary decision they had received from an investigator on their case was in fact a ‘final decision’).’ The researchers quote a complainant whose complaint was not upheld, describing the informal process as ‘quick and dirty’: ‘A first round, they would have looked at a quick and dirty response that says, “Sorry, here’s £200, go away”.’ Remedy terms and job titles In terms of redress, ombuds often use the term ‘remedy’, but this was seen by some interviewees as ‘medicinal’, as if a dose of remedy would fix the problem. These interviewees argued that, where a financial remedy is being recommended, ‘compensation’, ‘cash settlement’ or simply ‘settlement’ would be more appropriate. Job titles within ombud organisations were also potentially challenging in that, although they appeared to confer a welcome right to escalate a complaint (from, for example, investigator to senior investigator to Ombudsman), it also felt to some like scaling a great height, and in doing so it implied that the investigator’s opinion is less valuable. The findings give valuable insights into the perspectives of users of redress mechanisms, including but not limited to ombuds. They also give pause for thought for anyone involved in the design of grievance and complaint procedures. A proposal for an Ombud for Future Generations New research resource on ombuds Ombuds gender pay gap – an update Book review: OMBUDSMEN AND ADR: A Comparative Study of Informal Justice in Europe by Naomi Creutzfeldt How do complaints affect those complained about? (And what can we do about it?) Cabinet Office Comparative research complaints customer satisfaction discrimination empirical studies environmental rights equalities EU ADR Directive European Ombudsman future generations Greek Ombudsman harmonisation human rights informal resolution Ireland Local authorities mediation Northern Ireland Nuffield Foundation ombuds research terminology transparency Uncategorized users' views	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17222
__label__wiki	0.764353	0.764353	The Rugby League news N 796.33309944 RUG Sydney : N.S.W. Rugby Football League, 1920-1973 Vol. 22 No. 10 (June 14, 1941) Blank page has been inserted on page 8 to maintain the correct left / right pagination. The Rugby League News. 1 ABOVE ALL FOR LEAGUE FOOTBALL. EDITORIAL 3 MEN OF QUEENSLAND—WELCOME! 3 Great Week-End for Rugby League N.S.W. v. QUEENSLAND ON MONDAY 4 CAVALCADE OF RUGBY Before and After the Coming of the League 5 City Conquers Country Cousins FAST PLAY-BIG SCORE 6 Our Question Box. LAWS OF THE GAME 7 Eastern Suburbs Notes 7 JOE JORGENSON 8 -SNAPPY PASSES- 8 A Tribute To- H. H. ("DALLY") MESSENGER The One and Only 9 Advertising 9 , 11 N.S.W. v. QUEENSLAND 11 RUGBY LEAGUE ON THE AIR. 12 RUGBY LEAGUE 12 PRESIDENT’S CUP COMPETITION 12 SCHOOLS’ COMPETITION 12 HUGHES MOTOR SERVICE LTD. 12 Milestones of the Sydney Cricket Ground From Small Acorns Large Oaks Grow 13 QUEENSLAND REPRESENTATIVES 14 BALMAIN Prowling with the Tiger 15 Canterbury-Bankstown C-B's Budget. 15 NORTH SYDNEY From over the Harbour 15 , 16 NEWTOWN newsy newtown notes 16 SOUTH SYDNEY 16 ST. GEORGE The Dragon Slayers 17 WESTERN SUBURBS The Magries Talk 17 A Weekly Feature—No. 4 The Laws of the Game of Football As Played by the Australian R.F.L. 18 LAWS of the GAME 18 ANSWERS To Test Your Knowledge Questions on Page 5 18 Results At A Glance 19 New South Wales Rugby Football League. (1920). The Rugby League news Retrieved January 20, 2021, from http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-635486149 New South Wales Rugby Football League. The Rugby League news Sydney: N.S.W. Rugby Football League, 1920. Web. 20 January 2021 <http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-635486149> New South Wales Rugby Football League. 1920, The Rugby League news N.S.W. Rugby Football League, Sydney viewed 20 January 2021 http://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-635486149 \| author1=New South Wales Rugby Football League. \| title=The Rugby League news \| section=v. : ill., ports ; 24 cm. \| issue=Vol. 22 No. 10 (June 14, 1941) \| publisher=N.S.W. Rugby Football League	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17225
__label__wiki	0.735924	0.735924	About NMFishbowl.com NMFishbowl.com Watchdogging the New Mexico Lobos The NMFishbowl Podcast #SHOWLOBOS Going Deep What about Bob Follow the Money March 16, 2017 March 12, 2018 The Unknowns of UNM’s Accounting By Daniel Libit No outside party has any real or verifiable idea about how much money the UNM Athletic Department spends, what it spends that money for, and the true size of the department’s substantial budget deficit. And that’s an enormous problem when New Mexico taxpayers are annually asked to sign a check to cover the excesses of UNM Athletics. The financial paper trail reported by UNM’s Athletic Department is so confounding that even State Auditor Tim Keller might find it impossible to sort it all out — even though he’s suggested publicly that he’s keeping tabs. And when those largely unaudited amounts are combined with recent allegations by a former Athletic Department staffer that the department fails to follow crucial UNM internal-accounting controls, it creates serious questions about whether UNM Athletics is an honest and prudent steward of the millions of dollars of public funds it receives. NMFishbowl.com recently contacted Keller to obtain his reaction to our website’s story about former UNM men’s basketball operations director Cody Hopkins, who described an Athletic Department atmosphere that played fast-and-loose with many accounting rules, and specifically alleged that it did not adhere to UNM’s Purchasing Card (P-Card) procedures. Hopkins alleged that six other department employees had access to his P-Card, which would constitute a massive violation of UNM’s regulation that prohibits P-Card use by anyone other than the cardholder. “First and foremost, it is always the responsibility of UNM to ensure financial controls are in place to help guard against misuse of public funds,” Keller said in a statement provided to NMFishbowl.com. “However, even good policies can be exploited and people who break the public trust should be held accountable. The University should use the special audit (UNM’s internal audit of Hopkins’ P-card charges) as an opportunity to fix any weaknesses in their operations to prevent this from occurring in the future. The athletics department is audited annually, and we will monitor the steps the University takes to strengthen financial oversight.” The final sentence of Keller’s statement fingers the core financial conundrum about the black box of Lobo sports. The State Auditor seems to have it qualitatively wrong. There is no annual “audit” of UNM Athletics. Stated more precisely, there is no discrete and independent audit of UNM Athletics. It’s important here to carefully define “audit”, because that word is typically tossed about quite loosely. The only kind of audit that carries any sort of reliable significance is an independent financial audit conducted by an outside firm that performs a variety of examinations and tests to confirm the credibility of an entity’s financial statements. An internal “audit” executed by UNM itself lacks the arm’s-length integrity necessary for outside parties to trust it. The State Auditor’s office requires that public entities in New Mexico hire independent auditors each year to conduct an annual audit of their financial operations. The University of New Mexico, and its components, have regularly farmed out this work to the Albuquerque office of KPMG LLP, one of the so-called “Big Four” international firms. You can find the various reports on the State Auditor’s website, including the most recent school-wide UNM audit for the fiscal year ending on June 30, 2016. The 171-page report states that the school presents its operations “fairly” in all material respects. While the comprehensive UNM audit includes the Athletic Department, it appears that minimal attention was paid to Athletics because its activities comprise less than two percent of UNM’s $2.1 billion of operating expense. In accounting terms, the Athletic Department is not “material” to UNM’s total operations, and Generally Accepted Accounting Standards would require little, if any, additional examination. In fact, NMFishbowl.com could find only a handful of scattered and isolated mentions of “intercollegiate athletics” in the entire report (outside of an ancillary disclosure about the UNM Lobo Club). A line item for “intercollegiate athletics” was listed on Page 17 of KPMG’s report, and it disclosed $33.4 million in athletic expenses for the 2016 fiscal year. NMFishbowl.com asked UNM whether KPMG produced any other work papers or reports about the athletic department as part of their annual audit, and UNM spokesman Steve Carr said they did not. Similarly, the State Auditor’s office said it did not possess any additional audit reports or work papers related to UNM Athletics. But through an Inspection of Public Records Act request, NMFishbowl.com has secured a second KPMG accounting document that was prepared specifically for the UNM Athletic Department. While this second accounting report was provided under the label of an “audit,” the document, also prepared by KPMG, explicitly states that the scope of its work does not qualify for that designation. KPMG calls this second accounting document an “Agreed-Upon Procedures Report,” and it is singularly prepared to comply with NCAA regulations that require an outside firm to conduct at least a minimum-level review of a member institution’s internal accounting processes. The report also checks the effectiveness of some financial-reporting controls by comparing general-ledger amounts to various supporting schedules. However, the relatively flimsy nature of this report is revealed in the review’s very first test. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2016, KPMG could not even reconcile the total revenue and expense reported by the Athletic Department’s general ledger to the amounts recorded for Athletics by UNM’s Banner Report system. The two totals disagreed by almost $700,000, and KPMG made no further effort to resolve that difference because the report’s parameters did not require it. That same discrepancy between the revenue and expense reported for Athletics by the Banner system and the department’s in-house ledger occurred in all four years (Fiscal Years 2013 thru 2016) of the KPMG report that NMFishbowl.com obtained. The amount of that unreconciled discrepancy fluctuated each year between $450,000 and nearly $1 million. It may also be worth noting that no matter which Athletic Department accounting document–the University audit or the “Agreed-Upon Procedures Report”–the total balances for revenue and expense were never the same. In Fiscal Year 2016, for example, the UNM audit says Athletics incurred $33.4 million of expense, while the Athletic Department’s general ledger says that amount is $44.2 million, and UNM’s Banner Report says the total should be $44.5 million. (Those final two numbers are cited in KPMG’s “Agreed-Upon Procedures Report.”) What say UNM? “The NCAA Agreed Upon Procedures report is specific to Intercollegiate Athletics revenue & expense reporting (general ledger),” Yvonne Otts, the Athletic Department’s business operations director, said in a statement. “Our financial reports on the Banner system include all Athletics information which includes revenues & expenses that can be excluded from NCAA Agreed Upon Procedures report which could result in unreconciled differences.” Even if the numerical inconsistencies are fully explained by these inclusions — and UNM is only saying that it “could” be — they serve to highlight the fluidity and flexibility the Athletic Department maintains in its financial reporting. Depending upon which document its quoting from, its operational results could be almost any number. Just pick one. KPMG comes to a similar conclusion about the Athletic Department’s general-ledger amounts at the end of its “Agreed-Upon Procedures Report.” They offer no opinion on those numbers. “This report is intended solely for the information and use of the administration, and the Board of Regents of the University of New Mexico,” KPMG said on January 17, 2017, “and is not intended to be and should not be used by anybody other than these specified parties.” When UNM Athletics self-reported its problems with Hopkins’ P-Card accounting in late 2015, Keller applauded the department’s early efforts. “We appreciate the University of New Mexico’s work on this issue, and we are encouraged by their actions to investigate and resolve this situation,” Keller told the Albuquerque Journal in May. “Anytime tens of thousands of public funds are unaccounted for, it speaks to an immediate need to tighten procedures, and we ask the University to adopt the recommendations in their report before the end of the fiscal year. Better controls can ensure New Mexicans that their tax dollars cannot be used for personal shopping sprees. We will check whether the problems have been addressed in the University’s next annual audit.” But as this deeper dive into Athletic Department accounting indicates, it’s extremely unclear exactly how Athletics is annually “audited.” Although NMFishbowl.com is not privy to all of the Athletics testing KPMG carries out in its comprehensive UNM audit, the detailed descriptions of its examination practices in the “Agreed-Upon Procedures Report” are not reassuring. In the Procedures Report, KPMG explained that it tested the Athletic Department’s Administrative and Other Expense categories, for example, by selecting a sample of three — yes, just three — of potentially thousands of transactions, and reconciled those to supporting documentation. Through a company spokesperson, KPMG declined to comment for this story, saying that it had to respect client confidential agreements. After Keller fully digested the first reports about UNM’s investigation into the P-Card problems associated with Hopkins, he tried to shore up one concern. On September 16, 2016, his office sent a letter to KPMG, advising the firm to tighten its compliance examinations of UNM’s personnel policies, when new information emerged that Hopkins and former Associate Athletic Director Tim Cass had somehow remained on UNM’s payroll past their reported termination dates. That belated action suggests the possibility that Keller might crack down again on the Athletic Department’s compliance controls if fresh information arises. Perhaps, the new trigger could be the allegation by Hopkins that Athletics is violating UNM’s P-Card policies. Hopkins had never been allowed to publicly comment on his involvement in the P-Card episode until NMFishbowl.com published his side of the story last month. Among the things he conveyed, was the pervasive anxiety in the Athletic Department about arousing the attention of auditors. For its part, Keller’s office stressed that it cannot assume the primary role of producing accurate financial reports for any outside entity. The State Auditor is tasked with overseeing 9,000 different public entities throughout the state. There’s only so much he could reasonably do, in general, to serve as a backstop against bookkeeping issues for Lobo Athletics. Moreover, there are simply too many cracks that money can slip through without raising red flags in the annual audits that cross Keller’s desk. Unfortunately, the notion of UNM Athletics as the gatekeeper for its own financial reporting is an increasingly worrisome idea. When the Department announced last August that an “internal report” indicated a financial deficit for Fiscal Year 2016 of $1.54 million, we thought that number was about as bad as it could get. Now, we’re not so sure. Why We’re Suing the UNM Foundation It's time to end the University of New Mexico's open records avoidance scheme. Alford’s Big Ten Albatross In light of Alford/Hoosier coaching chatter, it seems timely that we revisit the story of Pierre Pierce. One thought on “The Unknowns of UNM’s Accounting” Pingback: UNM Downplays Audit to Accreditor #SHOWLOBOS (14) Alum Nay (1) Athlete-Student (2) Benefits for Friends (1) Companion Pass (1) End Game (1) Follow the Money (8) Going Deep (5) Heading South (1) Media Relations (2) Memory Lane (1) Missed Coverage (1) Modern Technology (1) Money Pit (6) Non-revenue (1) Noodling (1) School Ties (3) State of Dissaray (1) The NMFishbowl Podcast (10) Time to Shine (2) Truth or Consequences (2) Unsocial Media (1) What about Bob (18) Archives Select Month April 2020 (1) February 2020 (1) December 2019 (1) September 2019 (1) July 2019 (1) April 2019 (1) March 2019 (1) February 2019 (3) January 2019 (3) December 2018 (5) November 2018 (5) October 2018 (5) September 2018 (3) March 2018 (6) February 2018 (4) December 2017 (4) November 2017 (7) October 2017 (4) September 2017 (7) August 2017 (1) July 2017 (2) June 2017 (3) May 2017 (4) April 2017 (5) March 2017 (4) February 2017 (3) January 2017 (6) December 2016 (4) November 2016 (5) Enter your email address to follow NMFishbowl.com and receive notifications of new posts by email. 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__label__cc	0.739599	0.260401	Spotlight on: Nicole Russin-McFarland December 1, 2019 by Zoe Thomson This weeks spotlight is on film director and film score composer Nicole Russin-McFarland: I am a film director and film score composer publishing my work on YouTube and a popular streaming service. I currently have more animated credits and only one live action credit. When I am more established working for studios in the future, I want to direct both animated and live action works. What made you want to work in film? I always did when I was younger. When I was slightly older at 13, I loved the movie “Gladiator.” My joy in watching the film showed me I was genuinely interested in film when I was older. Who/what are your inspirations/influences? People who either transition out of other careers to be the leaders in the film industry, like Peter Jackson and James Cameron, or people working as successful film score composers thus creating job opportunities for my generation, like James Horner and Hans Zimmer. Art wise, I am a fan of too many filmmakers’ works to count. What’s your biggest success or achievement so far? My biggest successes haven’t happened yet. I want to win Academy Awards for filmmaking and film music, a very difficult task. Many say they want Oscars. Hardly anyone gets nominated and fewer win. I want to direct a movie that opens some places in IMAX. A list of goals in my head. What do you do when you’re not working? Feed birds. Look at wildlife. Go swimming, if I have access to a swimming pool, with sunscreen of course. Indoor activities like working out at home. I love nothing more than my once per week health workout with weights and some body weight exercises! So peaceful. The beach is amazing, though secretly, because I grew up seeing dark skies and pollution, I love industrial, cold metropolis cities like Manhattan and Chicago. Places where I don’t have to worry about car transportation! I like to make tea. All kinds of tea. Earl grey is my fav, and authentic chai from India or UK-made but close to Indian style is a close second. The best Earl Grey I have had lately is from Israel. I love watching birds outside as I drink my morning tea. Eating food at restaurants is a hobby for me. Getting around to restaurants doesn’t always happen enough lately, and it makes the experience all the more exciting. Reading digital copies of old books. Newer books don’t speak to me. Poetry is awesome. I have “War of the Worlds” on my iPad right now. Binge reading isn’t for me. Reading a chapter whenever I have a moment is. Very relaxing. What’s next for you? I am animating two shorts and one feature. The first short is called “The Homework’s Revenge.” I looked at the running time last night for half completed scenes, and it was about 11 minutes. This thing might end up 15 to 20 minutes. Who knows. I wrote that one. The second one, Samantha V. Hutton wrote it, called “Ever Been Ghosted?” Her short film is far shorter. The feature is a short film I am turning into a full length film called “The Eyes of Old Texas.” What’s the hardest part of your job? I wouldn’t say hard – time consuming. Making any film of any length takes forever. Animation itself takes longer. The actors finish quickly doing a nice job on schedule. I have to create the rest of the film. People don’t see that. Once I start directing the films I write for studios, I will likely involve a film editor and a sound editor in this process, and an animation team if a cartoon film. I will need to sit down with them in a dark office forever selecting things. Or wait for the animators. The assumption is that someone makes a movie and collects a massive paycheck. In the beginning, you make films to show studios you are serious. Nobody hires anyone, famous actors included, to make a major studio movie with a $150 million or more budget as a first time director. They want to see you are active promoting your low budget films into at least minor success stories because the studios will want to know you can turn their films they give you lots of money for into billion dollar worldwide hits. I work hard promoting my small films. You don’t stick a film of any length out in the wild expecting studios to show up because you made a movie. Everyone starting out in films mistakenly thinks having a film is enough. What part of your job do you enjoy the most? The remainder of it is absolute fun. How do you handle criticism or setbacks? When people spread lies about someone or make fun of someone, it is because they want to feel superior. The meanest people very often are successful in the home as parents raising beautiful families with happy marriages, or they are prominent in their careers. They might be really attractive or talented. And yet, that person feels inadequate. The first step you take is understanding. An example I can share is years ago, a successful woman decades older than me made fun of me in front of her friend. She had no shame in me hearing everything she said. Something had to be wrong with her making fun of a girl who could be her daughter. I was less than half of her age! What advice would you give to people starting out? Understand that some people aren’t what they seem. Everyone now says things like, “So and so is so kind to her fans!” because they took a selfie with you. With social media, this now extends to everyone. We are all in the public eye, all of us. People have these curated, lovely images of themselves online rid of all human expression, or fake images of kindness. And you meet them, and they suck as people. Native New Yorkers, and Midwesterners like me in Chicago, we get loads of famous people living there or coming in, we grow up exposed to celebrities in every profession, and we don’t give a care in the world about someone being on TV because that person is smoking in your face, butting in line in front of you, cursing at you. You see the real them. And when you see tourists from small towns freaking out like someone is a living deity because they cross paths with them outside Rockefeller Center, you question why tourists think less of themselves. Those tourists are quite often bettering humanity in some small way as teachers or volunteering at homeless shelters. The tourists are relevant in some way. And yet, they are screaming for someone famous for being on reality television? As if they aren’t also human beings? Someone getting drunk and making fun of women on TV to remain relevant is a shame. An anchorwoman resorting to making fun of people for ratings is not worth your time. You can find out more about Nicole on her website, and follow her on Twitter and Instagram. guest post Lifestyle Spotlight on: Colin Crawford November 2019 Round Up	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17229
__label__cc	0.626297	0.373703	Is Nigerian Actress, Cossy Ojiakor A S*x Addict? Check Out What She Has To Say Cossy Ojiako Actress, singer and dancer, Cossy Ojiakor, has said that her lifestyle does not hinder her relationship with God because she has certain Christian values and is not a sex addict like many think. Speaking with Saturday Beats, Cossy, said, “I think one of the secrets to my looks is that I’m not addicted to sex. The exotic dancing is just like a ritual. I only have sex once in a while. When one has a lot of people asking one out or who want to be in a relationship with one, one gets tired. “I’m born again because I believe that Jesus is my personal Lord and Saviour. One can only be saved by the grace of God. So, all the people preaching that one is a sinner should know that we have all sinned and fallen short of the glory of God according to the Bible.” The entertainer also noted that some clerics did unthinkable things that people overlooked. “Don’t think that your sin is too much and you won’t make heaven. Nobody is perfect. Pastors lead extravagant lives and even travel abroad to ‘carry’ girls. I used to supply ladies to one of those pastors. As a matter of fact, I didn’t know he was a ‘man of God’. His church is very big and he has a large congregation. Also, a reverend father once pressed my breasts and gave me church money. “People should know that God is always willing to forgive because nobody is holy. I’m an evangelist and I’m true to myself. If one is true to oneself, it means that one would be saved by grace. I am an Anglican person. I go to church in my hometown.” Cossy also complained that the Nigerian Police Force treats domestic violence with kid’s gloves. She said, “When a lady goes to report about assault and domestic violence, the police do not treat it as a big case. They think the couple will reconcile. Most times, these women want justice but don’t get it. “Some of the women who stab their husbands do so because the police had failed them. They had reported countless times but nobody cared. “Someone once threatened me with a bottle. I reported him to the police who didn’t do much and he came back the next day. “Before ladies act, they must have been pushed to the wall. Police should deal with those wife beaters severely. The law should take its course.” Ojiakor also said that she’s been scarce in the acting scene because the pay has not been commensurate with her present comfort level. She added, “I have not been getting the kinds of job that I want. My comfort level has gone up so much and the money I’m offered is not worth the stress. “In the past, I used to act for passion but now, I put my comfort first. As one gets older, a lot of things begin to dawn on one. Asides from acting, other things now pay my bill. “There are people that pay to watch me dance and they have fun. I dance but it’s for selected people. I’m actually one of the first dancers to dance with brassieres. I don’t think there were people doing it before me. I’ve also been learning how to do strip teasing and pole dancing.” Two boys contest in an election over a girl they both fell in love with in Bauchi (photos) SHOCKING: Young Man arrested after allegedly crushing girlfriend to death. Coach, Rohr Reveals Why He Dropped Kelechi Iheanacho From Super Eagles Squad Buhari, how does your support for Palestine benefit Nigeria? @FredrickNwabufo Meet First-Class Engineering Graduate Who Sells Kerosene For A Living NFF Celebrates Ex-Falcons Keeper Dede At 40 Natasha and her many wonders – By Shaibu Stephen Ojate	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17232
__label__wiki	0.744867	0.744867	USF2000 – Pigot Sweeps St. Pete Weekend March 29, 2012 Doug Patterson The car count was again huge for the Cooper Tires Presents the USF2000 National Championship Powered by Mazda. Thirty-four cars took to the Streets of St. Petersburg for Rounds 3 and 4 of the 2012 season, and again race fans were treated to great action on track in both the Championship and National Classes. It really seems that the series has the balance between the FC and FE cars spot on, although there’s a definite performance differential between the NAT an CHP class cars. Race #1: It was a good weekend for Cape Motorsports with Wayne Taylor Racing and their two hot shoes Spencer Pigot and Matthew Brabham, albeit a bit better for Pigot than for Brabham. Spencer picked up right where he left off in Sebring and won the first race of the weekend from the pole, although it wasn’t an unchallenged win. Brabham would hound his teammate and trail by only 0.197s at the finish line. The two cleared 3rd-place Roman Lagudi by nearly four seconds. Clearly, the Cape duo are in the prime position to take the championship this season. “It was great to get the win in Race 1 at St. Petersburg. It was a difficult race in the beginning and towards the end. The middle section was pretty good. I was able to get through the traffic cleanly and stretch the gap a little bit to Matt [Brabham]. After the yellow, we were close but I was able to hold him off for the win so I am happy about that. It’s my second win of the year and I’m looking forward to tomorrow and trying to do it again.” — Spencer Pigot, #2 Cape Motorsports with Wayne Taylor Racing The race didn’t end so well for Neil Alberico and Matthew Di Leo as they would crash out from P3 and P4 on the final lap of the race after making contact with each other in Turn 4 while fighting for the final podium position. Neil was the second JDC MotorSports car to exit early as his teammate Scott Hargrove wound up in the Turn 10 wall earlier in the race. “We’ve had a rough start to the season. Unfortunately things have not gone our way. Despite our results, we know the pace is there, and that is a good feeling. We just have to continue to work hard as a team, and put all the pieces together.” — Neil Alberico, #19 JDC MotorSports Sunday’s race was something in the nature of an encore performance for Pigot and Brabham who, again, had a great battle for the race win and put on a fantastic show for the fans. Brabham, by benefit of having set the fastest race lap in Race #1 the previous day, started from pole. His race lead was short-lived as Pigot would make an amazing pass on the outside of Turn 1 for the lead, foreshadowing Helio’s doing the same against Scott Dixon later that afternoon. Brabham was unrelenting in his counterattacks, hounding Pigot, battling with his teammate to regain the race lead. On the final restart of the race, with five laps remaining, Brabham attempted to pass Pigot on the inside of Turn 1, but understeered into Pigot’s right rear, destroying his own left front wing. Brabham would lose contact with his teammate and struggle to retain his 2nd place position against a charging Matthew Di Leo, who smelled blood in the water and relentlessly attacked Brabham’s damaged racing machine. “It was a little disappointing at times for myself throughout the weekend. I definitely wanted to be on that top step. That’s the place where everyone wants to be and, unfortunately, I wasn’t there. Looking at it as a general weekend in the championship race, I am ecstatic about how it went and very pleased with how it turned out in the end. It could have been a lot worse in that last race without part of my front wing, and I am really happy that I managed to keep up in the championship and left with some really good points out of this weekend.” — Matthew Brabham, #83 Cape Motorsports with Wayne Taylor Racing Unfortunately for JDC MotorSports, Race #2 didn’t turn out any better than Race #1. While running in third, Scott Hargrove would spin and his teammate Neil Alberico would be taken out again as he and ArmsUp Motorsports’ Luigi Biangardi collected each other trying to avoid the spinning Hargrove. The Championship Standings With his third race win in a row, Spencer Pigot leads the USF2000 National Championship by two points over his teammate Matthew Brabham. The pair of Cape Motorsports with Wayne Taylor Racing drivers are well ahead of Belardi Auto Racing’s Roman Lagudi. Even though we’re only two events into a seven-event schedule, I think it’s pretty clear to whom the Team Championship will be going this season. The question remains, which of Cape Motorsports top drivers will end up with the Drivers’ Championship, and the next event could swing in favor of Pigot. Next stop on the USF2000 calendar is the one and only oval course for the season, the 5/8-mile Lucas Oil Raceway Park in Indianapolis for the Night Before the 500. OpenPaddock will be there! Be sure to stop by and say hello. We’ll be in the grass on the outside of Turn 1 (on the grassy knoll, if you will). See you there! POS. DRIVER SEB1 SEB2 SPT1 SPT2 TOTAL 1 Spencer Pigot 22 30 32 31 115 2 Matthew Brabham 32 28 26 27 113 3 Roman Lagudi 25 22 22 17 86 4 Thomas McGregor 19 14 14 14 61 5 Matthew DiLeo 9 19 3 22 53 6 Shelby Blackstock 14 1 15 13 43 7 Scott Anderson 17 13 1 11 42 8 Timmy Megenbier 15 15 1 10 41 9 Trent Hindman 1 1 17 19 38 10 Luigi Biangardi 2 12 19 1 34 Neil Alberico 12 17 4 1 34 12 Colin Thompson 13 11 1 8 33 13 Heamin Choi 5 3 11 9 28 14 Chris Miller 3 6 13 1 23 15 Jason Wolfe 7 1 2 12 22 Scott Hargrove 10 10 1 1 22 17 Dalton Kellett 11 2 1 7 21 18 Zac Silver 8 9 1 2 20 19 Luca Forgeois 1 1 1 15 18 Shannon McIntosh 6 1 10 1 18 21 Michael Johnson 4 1 8 1 14 22 Isaac Lyons 2 1 0 0 3 Featured, INDYCAR, USF20002012, INDYCAR, Mazda Road to Indy, Motosports, MRTI, Racing, St. Pete, St. Petersburg, USF2000 The FIA WTCC and the Nitto Tires USTCC to Race at Infineon 2012 Star Mazda – St. Pete Offers a Mix at the Top	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17234
__label__cc	0.62269	0.37731	Great Gifts for All!! Osa Johnson's Books Martin Johnson's Books Membership for the Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum Books about Martin and Osa Johnson Aviation Sikorsky's Books on Safari's and Other intrest Photo Pricing /Shipping Back to the Safari Museum membership-for-the-mart 108493 Osa Johnson with Kalowatt the Gibbon Ape, North Borneo 1920 Size 5"x7" 8"x10"x (+ $5.00) 11"x14" (+ $17.00) 16"x20" (+ $44.91) 20"x30" (+ $78.31) Without returning home from their trip to the South Seas in 1919, Martin + Osa Johnson traveled to North Borneo in February of 1920 to film wild animals. Landing in April, and spending a few weeks in the town of Sandakan planning and getting permissions, the Johnson’s first “wildlife movie” expedition was finally being realized. With few roads they traveled up river in gobangs (canoes) to reach the island’s interior. At the headwaters of North Borneo’s largest river, the Kinabatangan, they visited the Tenggara people, filming and photographing their centuries old customs. Martin + Osa traveled 420 miles up river before turning back for Sandakan. This portrait of Osa is one of many that Martin took of her with their myriad "wild pets." Though they didn't know it at this point, the Johnsons were physically unable to have children, something they both dearly wanted. Kalowatt might well have been the closest they ever came to being "parents." "While Martin and Osa were in the village of Sungei Iyau, they saw a baby gibbon tied to a chain outside of a dilapidated hut. This small ball of fluff was so endearing that they immediately fell in love with her and promptly paid the three dollars the owners asked. They named her Kalowatt, and for the next several years she became their constant companion, sharing their hotel rooms, ship cabins, and dining room table. Kalowatt defined the Johnsons as "the people with the ape" and associated them in the public mind with the wildlife portrayed in their films and writings. From the time they acquired her, they always traveled with animals in tow and were rarely seen without them. Kalowatt, however, occupied a special place in their lives. She became the child they never had, and they lavished on her both extraordinary affection and care." ~~They Married Adventure: The Wandering Lives of Martin and Osa Johnson by Pascal James Imperato & Eleanor M. Imperato. The constant rain and thick jungle canopy was a difficult challenge for Martin and Osa, who had never attempted wildlife photography before. Along the coastal lowlands around the city of Sandakan they were able to film elephants, buffalo and other animals. The result of their efforts was the movie “Jungle Adventures,” which premiered in September 1921 to glowing reviews. The quality and commercial success of this film is what first drew the attention of Carl Akeley and the American Museum of Natural History to their work, and a budding partnership was in the works that changed the trajectory of their career and set them on their path to the African continent that would be their only real “home” for the next 15 years. Leaving Sandakan in July, they voyaged to Singapore, Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and southern India, then continued west circumnavigating the globe. The Johnsons finally arrived home to Kansas nearly two years after they had left. Looking for another awesome Martin + Osa Johnson photo? We have over 20,000 images available for review in our Safari Museum Expedition & Exhibition Image Gallery. Please select the size of photo you would like to order. Digital Photo has been watermarked, it will not appear on your order print. True Black & White is our recommended color choice for this image. For sepia and other color or media options, please email the museum at osasark@SafariMuseum.com. I Cooked Adventure Osa Johnson riding a Zebra Mug Osa Johnsons I Married Adventure Tote Bag Casada Con La Aventura ( I Married Adventure) by Osa Johnson Join our email list for Specials Copyright © 2021 Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum - Powered by Online Store	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17240
__label__wiki	0.940189	0.940189	the senors of marseille About the senors of marseille "The sun-splash jangle of California with a hint of dark-art New York" (Joe Puglisi, CMJ.com) - Matt Swope and Graham Bishop wrote their first song on a four-track tape recorder in a dingy closet with a Casio keyboard and a flipped over bucket. Struggling to come up with lyrics, the two took turns sing-reading from a Sears catalog – the song was called, one-thousand-pound capacity flatbed wagon. It was terrible. Years after these half-hearted, college attempts at cool, the two flew from L.A. to Brooklyn and got serious (kinda). With thoughts and tunes no longer borrowed from the pages of corporate catalogs, Matt and Graham formed the faux-baroque/folk/powerpop band, the señors of marseille. Soon after, in the spring of 2008, they caught the ear of native New Yorker and hip-hop/funk drummer, Vlad Gutkovich, who helped them realize the sound for which they had all been searching. Less than a month later, before they had even recorded their first EP, the Señors landed a residency at one of NY's most respected indie clubs – Pianos – where the trio became known for their boisterous, danceable performances. At around the same time, they hit the studio to record their first EP, which includes collaborations with critically-acclaimed indie cellist Emily Hope Price and sweet, sexy vocalist Lillian Ruiz. Excitement about the "señors of marseille EP," released late in 2008, has steadily been building. In January ’09, CMJ.com recognized the señors as a Spotlight Artist and writer Joe Puglisi heralded their music as “a sound accessible for every music lover.” At the same time, "Davey," co-written with Bartholomew Bishop, was featured on the soundtrack for Delusional Downtown Divas – an Index Magazine film series - with fellow NY rock and roller, Lissy Trullie. The señors’ music was also featured in the film "Wildflower," which brought home three awards for Untucked Films at Tropfest 2008 - the world's largest short film festival. Fresh off receiving special awards from Mike Pinder’s Songwars 2009 and a featured artist spot at indiefeed.com, the señors of marseille released the single, cat scratch, and hit the brooklyn scene hard with a whirlwind set of spring shows. Recently, the señors of marseille have played with: - pow wow! - The Beets - darlings - Air Waves - Dinosaur Feathers - Pearl and The Beard They've played at popular NY venues, including: - Cake Shop - Public Assembly - Pianos - Spike Hill - The Cameo Gallery - Lit Lounge - Shea Stadium They will be releasing a full length in the fall, as well as videos for 'davey' and 'hit the floor.' Follow the senors of marseille on www.senorsmusic.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17241
__label__cc	0.592094	0.407906	NotPoliticallyCorrect Human Biodiversity, IQ, Evolutionary Psychology, Epigenetics and Evolution Home » Race Realism » Worldwide IQ estimates based on education data Worldwide IQ estimates based on education data Dean on Racism, Action, and Health… Thoughts are free… on Southern Italians and Ashkenaz… clint on IQ and Construct Validity P on Blacks in Medieval Europe? Afr… AvidLearner on Black Women and Testoster… lui, il senza-nome on Binet and Simon’s… BW on Black Women and Testoster… dealwithit on The Nike Air Native N7—S… The Nike Air Native… on The Nike Air Native N7—S… Rolo on Black Women and Testoster… Steve Sailer on A History of the “Race… lalala on The Social Construction of the… Romello on Should ‘Race’ Be a… psyopsdivision on A History of the “Race… Al on The Social Construction of the… Follow Not Politically Correct via Email Cochran and Harpending – West Hunter Colin Flaherty Dienekes Dr James Thompson – Psychological Comments Emil Kirkegaard Frank Salter hbdchick Human Biological Diversity Human Stupidity Information Processing – Steve Hsu Occidental Observer – Kevin Macdonald Pumpkin Person Razib Khan – GNXP By Afrosapiens, 2851 words One of the leading theories to explain differences in cognitive test performance between time and place is that intelligence as measured by such tests is affected by exposure to formal schooling and the cognitive demands of a high-technology society (D. Marks, JR. Flynn). One of the strongest evidence for such an effect of schooling on IQ comes from a reform in the Norwegian school system in which an expansion of compulsory schooling was associated with a 3.7 points increase in IQ per additional year of education between pre-reform and post-reform cohorts. In order to test this relationship between years of schooling and commonly reported national IQ averages, I used data from the United Nation’s Development Program to estimate the average IQ of each country’s adult and school-age population. Adult IQs were estimated from mean years of schooling completed by adults aged 25 and older whereas School-population IQs were estimated based on the expected years of schooling that a student is supposed to complete if the enrollment ratios from primary through tertiary education remain constant. All variables were reported in year 2015. Great Britain was chosen as the reference country and assigned a default value of 100 on both variables. For each country, a difference of one year in completed or expected schooling added or removed 3.7 IQ points. Adult IQ and School-age population IQ were averaged to estimate the most probable mean IQ that would be found by randomly reviewing literature without controlling for the age or the health and socio-economic profile of the sampled individuals. Country Main ancestry School age-Adult IQ average School age IQ Adult IQ Australia West-European 107 115 100 Denmark West-European 104 111 98 New Zealand West-European 104 111 97 Iceland West-European 103 110 96 Ireland West-European 102 109 96 Norway West-European 101 105 98 Germany West-European 101 103 100 Netherlands West-European 101 107 95 United States West-European 100 101 100 United Kingdom West-European 100 100 100 Switzerland West-European 100 99 100 Canada West-European 100 100 99 Slovenia East-European 100 104 96 Lithuania East-European 99 101 98 Czech Republic East-European 99 102 96 Estonia East-European 99 101 97 South Korea North-East Asian 99 101 96 Israel West and Central Asian, North African 99 99 98 Sweden West-European 98 99 96 Poland East-European 98 100 95 Finland East-European 97 103 92 France West-European 97 100 94 Japan North-East Asian 97 96 97 Latvia East-European 96 99 94 Belarus East-European 96 98 95 Greece East-European 96 103 90 Hungary East-European 96 97 95 Spain West-European 96 105 87 Hong Kong North-East Asian 96 98 94 Austria West-European 96 99 93 Italy West-European 96 100 91 Slovakia East-European 96 95 96 Argentina West-European 95 104 87 Singapore North-East Asian 95 97 94 Liechtenstein West-European 95 94 97 Russia East-European 95 95 95 Kazakhstan West and Central Asian, North African 95 95 94 Ukraine East-European 94 96 93 Palau South-East Asian and Polynesian 94 93 96 Croatia East-European 94 96 92 Montenegro East-European 94 96 93 Chile West-European 94 100 87 Georgia West and Central Asian, North African 94 91 96 Cyprus East-European 93 93 94 Luxembourg West-European 93 91 95 Malta West-European 93 94 93 Bulgaria East-European 93 95 91 Barbados Black African 93 96 90 Fiji South-East Asian and Polynesian South Asian 93 96 90 Cuba West-European 93 91 94 Saudi Arabia West and Central Asian, North African 93 99 86 Portugal West-European 92 101 84 Romania East-European 92 94 91 Tonga South-East Asian and Polynesian 92 93 92 Serbia East-European 92 93 91 Belgium West-European 91 90 93 Sri Lanka South Asian 91 91 91 Mongolia North-East Asian 91 91 87 Grenada Black African 90 98 83 Mauritius South Asian 90 96 84 Uzbekistan West and Central Asian, North African 90 85 95 Uruguay West-European 90 97 83 Armenia West and Central Asian, North African 90 87 93 Brunei South-East Asian and Polynesian 89 95 84 Azerbaijan West and Central Asian, North African 89 87 92 Bahrain West and Central Asian, North African 89 93 86 Andorra West-European 89 90 89 Kyrgyzstan West and Central Asian, North African 89 88 91 Albania East-European 89 92 86 Moldova East-European 89 83 95 Venezuela West-European 89 93 86 Trinidad and Tobago Black African Bahamas Black African 89 87 91 Iran West and Central Asian, North African 89 94 83 Seychelles Black African West-European 89 92 86 Belize Black African Native American 88 87 90 South Africa Black African 88 88 89 Malaysia South-East Asian and Polynesian 88 88 88 Bosnia East-European 88 92 84 Samoa South-East Asian and Polynesian 88 87 89 Jordan West and Central Asian, North African 88 88 88 Qatar West and Central Asian, North African 88 89 87 Brazil West-European 88 96 79 Costa Rica West-European 88 92 83 Panama Native American 88 88 87 United Arab Emirates West and Central Asian, North African 87 89 86 Turkey West and Central Asian, North African 87 94 80 Peru Native American 87 89 84 Saint Lucia Black African 87 88 85 Jamaica Black African 87 87 86 Macedonia East-European 86 87 86 Ecuador Native American 86 91 82 Algeria West and Central Asian, North African 86 93 82 Saint-Kitts and Nevis Black African 86 90 82 Bolivia Native American 86 91 81 Mexico West-European 86 89 83 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Black African 86 89 83 Lebanon West and Central Asian, North African 86 89 83 Oman West and Central Asian, North African 86 90 81 Botswana Black African 86 86 85 Palestine West and Central Asian, North African 85 87 84 Tajikistan West and Central Asian, North African 85 82 89 Tunisia West and Central Asian, North African 85 94 77 Thailand South-East Asian and Polynesian 85 90 80 Micronesia South-East Asian and Polynesian 85 83 87 Colombia West-European 84 90 79 China North-East Asian 84 90 79 Philippines South-East Asian and Polynesian 84 83 85 Suriname South-East Asian and Polynesian Black African Dominican Republic Black African 84 89 79 Indonesia South-East Asian and Polynesian 84 87 80 Dominica Black African 84 87 80 Gabon Black African 84 86 81 Libya West and Central Asian, North African 84 89 79 Turkmenistan West and Central Asian, North African 84 80 87 Kuwait West and Central Asian, North African 83 89 78 Vietnam South-East Asian and Polynesian 83 86 80 Paraguay Native American 83 85 81 Egypt West and Central Asian, North African 82 88 77 Kiribati Melanesian 82 84 80 El Salvador Native American 81 89 75 Zambia Black African 80 86 76 Maldives South Asian 80 87 74 Guyana Black African Namibia Black African 79 83 76 Ghana Black African 79 82 76 Cabo Verde Black African 79 90 69 Nicaragua Native American 79 83 75 Swaziland Black African 79 82 76 India South Asian 79 83 74 Zimbabwe Black African 79 79 79 Vanuatu Melanesian 78 80 76 Honduras Native American 77 81 74 Congo Black African 77 81 74 Kenya Black African 77 81 74 Sao Tome and Principe Black African 77 84 70 Morocco West and Central Asian, North African 77 84 69 Guatemala Native American 77 79 74 Timor-Leste Melanesian 76 86 67 Lesotho Black African 76 79 73 Togo Black African 76 84 68 Iraq West and Central Asian, North African 76 77 75 Cameroon Black African 76 78 73 Angola Black African 76 82 69 Madagascar South-East Asian and Polynesian Black African 76 78 73 Nepal South Asian 75 85 66 Laos South-East Asian and Polynesian 75 80 70 Nigeria Black African 75 77 73 Comoros Black African 75 81 69 DR Congo Black African 75 76 73 Uganda Black African 74 77 72 Bhutan South Asian 74 86 62 Cambodia South-East Asian and Polynesian 74 80 68 Bangladesh South Asian 74 77 70 Malawi Black African 73 80 67 Solomon Islands Melanesian 73 75 70 Equatorial Guinea Black African 72 74 71 Tanzania Black African 72 73 72 Rwanda Black African 72 80 65 Haiti Black African 72 73 70 Liberia Black African 72 76 67 Benin Black African 72 79 64 Papua New Guinea Melanesian 72 76 67 Syria West and Central Asian, North African 71 73 70 Cote d’Ivoire Black African 71 73 69 Myanmar South-East Asian and Polynesian 71 73 68 Afghanistan West and Central Asian, North African 70 77 64 Burundi Black African 70 79 62 Pakistan South Asian 70 70 70 Mauritania West and Central Asian, North African Sierra Leone Black African 69 75 63 Mozambique Black African 69 73 64 Senegal Black African 68 75 61 Gambia Black African 68 73 63 Guinea-Bissau Black African 68 74 62 Yemen West and Central Asian, North African 67 73 62 Guinea Black African 66 72 60 Central African Republic Black African 66 66 66 Ethiopia North-East African 66 71 60 Mali Black African 65 71 59 Sudan North-East African 65 66 64 Djibouti Black African 64 63 66 South Sudan Black African 63 58 69 Chad Black African 63 67 59 Burkina-Faso Black African 62 68 56 Eritrea Northeast-African 62 58 65 Niger Black African 58 60 The values were rounded to the nearest unit. In comparison to the mean national IQs mainly reported by Richard Lynn, 65 countries differed by less than 5 IQ points using the present methodology. It can be said that such small differences validate Lynn’s estimates since it is unlikely that years of education have the same cognitive value in every country and likewise, averaging adult IQ and school-age population IQ without controlling for a country’s age structure somewhat weaken the representativeness of my findings. Differences larger than 5 points were found for 30 countries, and in these cases, I suspect it is due to Lynn manipulating the data to fit racial patterns, Sub-Saharan African countries have been systematically under-estimated and East-Asian ones have been systematically over-estimated by Lynn, also, Some nations in Europe, the Middle-East, South-Asia and Latin America seem to have their scores manipulated in order to appear closer to what they would be based on their racial composition. Such inconsistencies result in incoherences between the reported IQs and the educational and socio-economic outcomes (regardless of which variable influences the other) of the affected countries and support the accusations of racially-motivated fraud in Richard Lynn’s data collection. In the same way, estimating the mean IQs of countries for which direct data is missing by averaging the figures of neighboring countries of similar ethno-racial composition is unwarranted as race does not seem to play a role in a country’s cognitive performance. In spite of all the deserved criticism that Lynn’s data met, it can be said that most of the commonly cited mean IQs out of Africa and East-Asia are reliable and that a strong relationship between human capital and human development exists whether we measure it by IQ or years of education. The causes of international variation in school quality and enrollment are well-known and come down to school and student characteristics. Schools in developing countries face numerous challenges: lack of basic amenities such as electricity, potable water, air-conditioning and heating, like of educational supplies (school rarely have enough textbooks and rely on chalk and blackboards), high student to teacher ratios (primary school classes with more than 50 students are common low-income countries), chronic teacher absenteeism (teachers usually have a business on the side), obsolete pedagogy, outdated or irrelevant curricula, multilingualism, exam-corruption, low public funding, misguided policies, gender and ethnic discrimination. Pupils are held back by poor health and nutrition resulting in developmental delays, tuition fees and supplies that poor families can’t afford, war, population displacement, absent educational resources at home, low parental education, lack of transportation, child labor, excessive use of grade repetition, mismatch between school curricula and daily life demands and many other factors. Differences in human capital have large implication in terms of workforce qualification and social behavior, which contribute for a large part to a country’s socio-economic development. The present findings provide evidence for large international inequalities in inter-generational change in educational outcomes which are probably the driving cause of the Flynn effect. Intergenerational change in cognitive performance. Estimating IQs from the current school enrollment rates and the mean educational attainment of adults provide insights regarding intergenerational differences in cognitive performance. We can see from these figures that the countries that developed the fastest show large intergenerational differences in education/IQ favoring the younger cohorts, these countries are concentrated in South America, Southern Europe, West Africa, the Middle-East and Oceania, Ethiopia and China also show trends that are in line with their recent economic success. On the other hand, many ex-USSR countries, as well as Japan, Cuba, South Africa, Zimbabwe and the Philippines have been stagnant or even declining relative to the United Kingdom and this is also reflect in their poor socio-economic performance in the last decades. War-torn South Sudan and the Central African Republic experience alarming declines in their educational performance that expose them to grave humanitarian crises in the future. Although there is a clear relationship between socio-economic progress and gains in cognitive performance, a country’s ability to capitalize on its intellectual potential remains highly dependent on its leadership and the odds of the world-market, that’s why theories claiming that IQ is the main driver of global inequalities are not tenable in the light of the current evidence. Update 09/07/2017 – Detailed comparison with Lynn’s Data To test the predictive power of my estimates in comparison to Lynn’s, I decided to focus only on the world’s 20 most populous countries. The reason for that is that these countries are home to 70% of the world’s population and the law of large numbers says that they are likely more representative of whatever they could represent. On the other hand, the 100+ other countries are home to only 30% of humanity. They are a source of statistical noise due to extreme outlying values and differences in regional political fragmentation that would hide or weaken general trends better evidenced by considering large countries. Correlations and averages: Noticing an abnormal 22 points gap between Sub-Saharan African IQs and the world average on Lynn data, Suspecting that extremely low values would flaw the correlations, I tested if my estimates and Lynn’s would retain the same predictive power with the African IQs excluded. My assumption was that a strong causal relationship would leave the correlations unchanged no matter which countries were included whereas any change in predictive power resulting from excluding some countries would cast doubt on the accuracy of the reported data. IQ-HDI correlation: Similarly to my previous calculation including all the countries for which data were available, I found a 0.96 correlation between my estimates and HDI, Lynn’s estimates correlation with HDI was higher (+0.06) than with the worldwide data, but still largely inferior to mine. Removing African countries, the predictive power of my estimates remained the same (+02) whereas Lynn’s significantly decreased (-0.13) and left a predictive gap of 0.24 favoring my estimates. However, given the fact that my estimates are based on variables that are included in the calculation of HDI, such a high predictive power as to be met with caution. IQ-GDP per capita correlation: My previous calculation from the worldwide data yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.65 between my IQ estimates and GDP/capita and 0.60 for Lynn’s. Among the 20 most populated countries, the correlation rose by 0.24 points to 0.89 with my estimates and by 0.12 points to 0.72 with Lynn’s. Excluding Sub-Saharan African countries did not affect the predictive power of my estimates (+0.01) and further weakened Lynn’s by 0.04 points, resulting in a 0.22 gap in predictive power favoring my estimates again. This correlation of 0.89 between my IQ estimates and GDP per capita within the world’s population top 20 countries likely is the highest correlate of IQ ever reported in the psychological science and gives strong support to the relationship between schooling, economic development and cognitive ability. IQ-Life expectancy correlation: Compared with the worldwide database, the correlation between my IQ estimates and life expectancy was down 0.04 points within the world’s top 20 to 0.76, Lynn’s went up by o.o5 points to 0.84. However, removing Sub-Saharan Africa left the predictive power of my estimates unchanged whereas Lynn’s fell by 0.13 points to 0.71. My estimates again predicted life expectancy better by a small 0.4 points this time. IQ-Homicide correlation: Not estimated previously, my data finds an non-existent relationship between IQ and homicide rate (-0.01) and excluding Sub-Saharan Africa confirmed a null relationship between homicide rates and IQ in the rest of the world. Lynn’s estimates showed a low negative correlation between IQ and homicide (-0.35) and the exclusion of African countries further lowered the correlation (-0.25). Lynn’s estimates had a better predictive power which still remained in the range of low statistical significance. IQ-Fertility correlation: Adding a new variable, I found a negative correlation of -0.69 between my IQ estimates and Fertility, the correlation remained the same (-0.68) with the African countries excluded. The correlation between Lynn’s IQs and fertility was stronger (-0.84), but removing African data decreased it by 0.18 points to 0.66. My estimates ended up with a slightly stronger predictive power (+0.02). General patterns: In addition to having a stronger and globally consistent predictive power, my estimates reveal how Richard Lynn manipulates the data to fit desired racial patterns. As expected from the 0.96 correlation between my IQ data and HDI, the ranking of countries by cognitive ability shows a perfect gradient from high to low development status. Moreover, the highest gap between two following countries is the 6 points separating Russia and Iran, showing a marked difference between the developed and the developing world. Ranking countries by Lynn-estimated IQs results in a whole other pattern in which a country’s dominant ancestry seems to be the only variable that matters. East-Asians are on top, followed by Western Europeans, then Eastern-Europeans, South-East Asians, fair skinned Middle-Easterners (Turkey and Iran) and Latin Americans, Austronesians (Indonesia and the Philippines), South Asians and Arabs, and finally Sub-Saharan Africans far below, with a huge 10 points gap (the largest between two following countries in his dataset) separating Bangladesh from Nigeria. The manipulation is quite apparent, Lynn largely over-estimated China (+22), Japan (+7) to make East-Asians cluster on top, thus protecting himself from accusations of nordicism and giving support to the inter-cultural validity of the IQs that he cherry-picked. The western European and Russian data remained mostly unchanged. Vietnam (+11) and Thailand (+5) were given a bonus for their genetic proximity to North-East Asia that is supposed to make them score in the low 90s despite their lack of development. Little changes were brought to the scores of the Latin American, Middle-Eastern and Austronesian countries usually scoring in the mid-80s. Major fraud (+14 in Pakistan, +7 in Bangladesh) was done to lift up South-Asian countries out of the 70s range and excluding Sub-Saharan Africa as the only region scoring 70 or below and downgrading Nigeria (-4) and the DR. Congo (-7) in the process. By pointing this out, I’m warning honest researchers and laymen about the dangers of relying on data resulting from undisclosed, unsystematic and un-replicable methodology. And although my estimates do not result from any actual IQ measurement beyond the relationship between IQ and schooling evidenced in Norwegian cohorts, my method uses a single, universal conversion factor applied to representative official data collected by professional demographers whereas Lynn’s and the likes’ cherry-picking of samples is only the hobby of a dozen scholars and pseudo-scholars. This is how I found out strong, consistent and meaningful correlations between IQ and various development variables. Although they are likely more representative of the worldwide distribution of cognitive ability, my estimates still provide evidence that a large part (the largest part, actually) of the world’s population scoring below one standard deviation on Western-normed IQ tests, which is the case for 11 of the world’s 20 most populated countries. Although this may sound alarming, with Pakistan and Ethiopia scoring in the range of mental disability (70 and 66 respectively), I think this effect comes from using Western populations as a reference for standardization. In fact, another picture emerges when we compare countries with the world’s average, replacing the eurocentric British Greenwich IQ of 100 by an universal IQ of 84 and thus giving a more accurate idea of what is normal cognitive ability by the standards of humanity. In this sample, China, the Philippines and Indonesia are representative of the top of the bell curve whereas Ethiopia, the United States and Germany are the only outliers left with respective Universal IQs of 81.6, 115.6 and 116.6. For this reason, I recommend the use of Chinese or South-East Asian normalization samples in international IQ comparisons. By Afrosapiens 🇫🇷🇪🇺 in Race Realism on September 5, 2017 . ← Does Exogenous Oxytocin Make Xenophobic People Non-Xenophobic? Does Human Potential Lie in the Embryo? → Afro, Where Did You Get Your Data? Afrosapiens 🇫🇷🇪🇺 says: United Nations’ Development Program: Expected years of schooling to calculate school age population IQ: http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/69706 Mean years of schooling to calculate adult IQ: http://hdr.undp.org/en/indicators/103006 I’ll play devil’s advocate: My father, woodworker, high-school drop out (he had to work for his father, they were poor), scored 142 points. I, graduated in Civil Engineering, scored 134. My mother, primary school teacher, scored 101. Really, the sheer amount of Educated idiots and Uneducated geniuses I’ve found in life is outstanding. But I know, I know, “bias”, “small sampling”, etc Also, what I happened to see from your findings is that: Countries in which a meritocratic-system is applying, successful, often more intelligent people, are having more children. In places like Japan, where everybody stopped having kids, it’s the lower classes, often also with low IQ, who have the many, specially due to immense social stability and high quality of living with little competition struggle. The Flynn effect, meh, it’s just a phenotype of a genetic trend. “Every society selects for something”, right? It’s not that I don’t believe your story but individual anecdotes do not disprove general trends, I think we both know that. Someone who grew up undernourished can be very tall, it doesn’t contradicts the fact that the average height of a population increases as health and nutrition improve. The same has to be expected for IQ which in this case seems to be strongly affected by educational opportunities. But since it’s a highly heritable trait, people receiving the same schooling will still vastly differ in their cognitive outcomes. Countries in which a meritocratic-system is applying, successful, often more intelligent people, are having more children. I fail to see this pattern, I rather think that countries that offer little educational opportunities to their masses are cognitively held down whereas countries like Spain, Greece and Portugal which came from being authoritarian, kleptocratic societies to modern, more egalitarian ones made huge inter-generational improvements. In places like Japan, where everybody stopped having kids, it’s the lower classes, often also with low IQ, who have the many, I really don’t know, I’m not aware that Japan has generous child-related benefits. Japan has been stagnating or declining since the 1990s, mainly for macro-economic reasons I suspect but I believe social trends played a role. I can’t exactly tell which ones though. No, I don’t agree, there is no genetic correlate of the Flynn effect to my knowledge. “But since it’s a highly heritable trait, people receiving the same schooling will still vastly differ in their cognitive outcomes.” So you actually agree with me, with hereditarians. I’m glad that you don’t believe in equality proving that dumb whites and the majority of Africans can’t catch up on your average white. That’s not what heritability means, stupid. ian smith says: according to peepee’s map, australia and nz have the smartest school age population. how’d that happen? there are still too few asian immigrants to make that big a difference. oh i see. peepee just pulled that out of her butt. australians have the highest expected IQ scores based on anticipated years of schooling completed. Please, we both know peepee is unable to write something so thorough. GondwanaMan says: Afro’s whole post doesn’t even make sense to me. So you’re estimating IQ based off of years of schooling? Which proves years of schooling improves IQ? That just sounds like perfectly circular logic. Anyhow, back to sleep. Lol, yeah, go back to sleep. No, I’m not proving that years of schooling improves IQ. I’m just trying to see how close to Lynn’s estimates I can get by estimating IQs based on years of schooling. And I actually come very close except for some obvious cases in which Lynn manipulated the data to fit a racial discourse. pumpkinperson says: No, I’m not proving that years of schooling improves IQ. I’m just trying to see how close to Lynn’s estimates I can get by estimating IQs based on years of schooling. But what’s the point of showing Lynn’s figures can be estimated from the causal effect of school on IQ, unless you’re trying to prove the IQ gaps between countries are caused by schooling gaps? But you didn’t prove that because most of Lynn’s data comes from kids still in school, so years of schooling is already largely controlled. You should have used the causal effect of parental schooling on IQ which can be estimated from adoption studies. Afrosapiens says: But what’s the point of showing Lynn’s figures can be estimated from the causal effect of school on IQ The point is seeing whether I find differences between Lynn’s IQs and what has to be expected from years of schooling. Seeing what are the patterns of those differences, like some regions being systematically over-estimated, others being systematically under-estimated. Which is a pattern I found. My figures also show the inter-generational variation in each country which allows me to estimate how strong the Flynn effect is or is supposed to be. Finally, I can see if those new figures correlate better and more invariably with other variables that have been claimed to be related to national IQ and they actually yield stronger and consistent correlations. unless you’re trying to prove the IQ gaps between countries are caused by schooling gaps? I’m not trying to prove anything. I’m just converting years of education into IQs using a rate of 3.7 points per year of schooling and then expressing it in relation to a British standard of 100. no, Lynn’s data come from samples of different eras, with different characteristics without a rigorous inclusion methodology that meets the standards of demographic analysis. I need data to create a conversion factor, and I have no such thing on an international level, neither do I have a rate to apply and a standard to compare. All I know about the Parent-child IQ correlation is that it’s only 0.42 when they live together and 0.22 when they live apart. That’s small. By the way, I can’t enlarge the charts, so here they are. speaking of how profound an effect environment can have long term. i’ve had 6 dogs. 3 died at age 10, 8, 7. 3 died at age 13, 13, 13. the first 3 were adopted fully grown. the second 3 were raised from 6 weeks. AND they were all the same breeds. irish setter, airedale terrier, standard poodle. The point is seeing whether I find differences between Lynn’s IQs and what has to be expected from years of schooling. But you’re not looking at what’s expected from years of schooling, you’re looking at what’s expected from years of schooling IF schooling were the ONLY cause of IQ. The 3.7 per year figure comes from a Norwegian study where average schooling increased while other factors stayed constant. That was the point of the study. They wanted to know the effect of schooling on IQ independent of any effect IQ has on schooling so they compared the IQ gap before and after the government intervened to increase the mean level of schooling, thus controlling for most of the confounds that usually separate schooled and less schooled samples (such as different initial IQ and social class background). But for most populations that differ in schooling, the causation works in both directions: IQ inequality causes schooling inequality which in turn expands the IQ inequality. Your 3.7 figure only captures the effect of schooling but not the cause and thus underestimates the expected IQ gap between the more or less schooled (though at the extremes you may have overestimated because the IQ schooling relationship is negatively accelerated, not linear as you assumed), but putting that aside, schooling’s a bad way to compare IQs internationally because of the differences in education budgets and academic standards. Seeing what are the patterns of those differences, like some regions being systematically over-estimated, others being systematically under-estimated. Just because a country has a higher or lower IQ than education predicts, doesn’t mean they’re being systematically underestimated. If one people has a higher mean IQ than another, we’d expect them to score higher even controlling for education. For example, in the U.S., nearly the full black-white IQ gap is seen at every level of schooling. See page 374 of Coming Apart by Charles Murray. Rushton found large racial differences even among university students taking the same classes at the same school. Finally, I can see if those new figures correlate better and more invariably with other variables that have been claimed to be related to national IQ and they actually yield stronger and consistent correlations. If a country can afford to educate its people it’s not surprising it’s doing well. You’re not converting anything to anything. You’re misapplying the Norwegian data which meant to show the expected IQ gap for a year of schooling holding all other variables constant. And even if you were converting education to IQ, it still makes no sense because they’re two very different variables, like converting weight into height. Samoans weigh more than whites despite being shorter, so let’s convert weight into height to prove they’re actually taller and that the height data is being manipulated by racists. #think like Afro But you’re not looking at what’s expected from years of schooling, you’re looking at what’s expected from years of schooling IF schooling were the ONLY cause of IQ. Which is likely the case given the previous literature: A body of data on IQ collected over 50 years has revealed that average population IQ varies across time, race, and nationality. An explanation for these differences may be that intelligence test performance requires literacy skills not present in all people to the same extent. In eight analyses, population mean full scale IQ and literacy scores yielded correlations ranging from .79 to .99. In cohort studies, significantly larger improvements in IQ occurred in the lower half of the IQ distribution, affecting the distribution variance and skewness in the predicted manner. In addition, three Verbal subscales on the WAIS show the largest Flynn effect sizes and all four Verbal subscales are among those showing the highest racial IQ differences. This pattern of findings supports the hypothesis that both secular and racial differences in intelligence test scores have an environmental explanation: secular and racial differences in IQ are an artifact of variation in literacy skills. These findings suggest that racial IQ distributions will converge if opportunities are equalized for different population groups to achieve the same high level of literacy skills. Social justice requires more effective implementation of policies and programs designed to eliminate inequities in IQ and literacy. https://openpsych.net/forum/attachment.php?aid=473 (quoted at the beginning). The 3.7 per year figure comes from a Norwegian study where average schooling increased while other factors stayed constant. That was the point of the study. They wanted to know the effect of schooling on IQ independent of any effect IQ has on schooling so they compared the IQ gap before and after the government intervened to increase the mean level of schooling, thus controlling for most of the confounds that usually separate schooled and less schooled samples (such as different initial IQ and social class background). Which doesn’t disprove the causal role of schooling on international differences in IQ. It must be assumed that if any country implements the same policies as Norway, they can increase their IQ scores likewise. But for most populations that differ in schooling, the causation works in both directions: IQ inequality causes schooling inequality which in turn expands the IQ inequality. I sufficiently detail the causes of differences in schooling across the world in the post. However, if a country decides to make schooling a priority in their budget, it is assumed that they can expect results similar to Norway. Your 3.7 figure only captures the effect of schooling but not the cause and thus underestimates the expected IQ gap between the more or less schooled (though at the extremes you may have overestimated because the IQ schooling relationship is negatively accelerated, not linear as you assumed), but putting that aside, schooling’s a bad way to compare IQs internationally because of the differences in education budgets and academic standards. I actually don’t get extreme results, everything is in the range of previously claimed variation 57-107. Niger’s IQ57 doesn’t surprise me, it’s a very poor rural country where most people live in their multicentury-old ways. And that’s the reason why I don’t even think these numbers measure an intellectual phenotype. Instead I think they measure paper-and-pencil ability. People’s scores reflect how good they are at taking tests, including IQ tests, independently of skills and knowledge. And more schooling mechanically leads to better IQ test performance. It explains the Flynn effect and inter-group variation without explaining raw differences in cognitive ability. Which is, people in all countries can similarly learn things and skills that are relevant to their lifestyle. Just because a country has a higher or lower IQ than education predicts, doesn’t mean they’re being systematically underestimated. If one people has a higher mean IQ than another, we’d expect them to score higher even controlling for education. For example, in the U.S., nearly the full black-white IQ gap is seen at every level of schooling. That’s because blacks, at every level of income are much more likely to attend urban schools where more baby-sitting than teaching is going. But I doubt such differences show up in internal comparisons since pupils drop out nearly as early as classes become to difficult for them to catch up, so the enrollment rate virtually tells the intellectual ability of the school-age population. On the contrary, schools in the developed world keep pupils if school and graduate them even if they’re barely learning anything. Rushton found large racial differences even among university students taking the same classes at the same school. Tells nothing about what types of schools they attended before college. I’m not finding correlations with government school budgets, I’m finding correlations with GDP. Which is different and the causal direction is easy to understand: more education/IQ gives a country the ability to add more value-add to its economy (GDP = value added). But the most important part is that my correlations with all measures I tested (life expectancy, fertility, GDP/capita, HDI, homicide) aren’t only stronger, they are the same no matter what country I include in my dataset. So whatever I measured, it has more explanatory power for the main measures of socio-economic development than Lynn’s IQs and debunks his claim that his IQs are the most important cause of variation in national prosperity. I’m correctly applying the Norwegian data in the most straightforward sense, and I find better associations with all aspects of development than Lynn does, irrespective of the causal direction. No, IQ test performance is for a large part an artifact of education instead of an independent real biological phenotype. And the IQ/education correlation is much higher than the height/weight one, which means that at every level of education, the variation in IQ is lower than the variation in weight at each level of height. It’s easy to explain why Samoans are heavier than expected from their height: http://edition.cnn.com/2015/05/01/health/pacific-islands-obesity/index.html What you could not explain however is how Barbados, Jamaica, Gabon, Botswana or the Bahamas manage to get well developed economies and high quality of life in spite of IQs in the range of mental retardation according to Lynn. Lynn who, in case you don’t know, is a self-declared racist of the most vicious type. And that’s a lot better than making up a theory on why Bushmen did not make the leap to agriculture in the Kalahari desert. So try thinking like me, you’d probably have a much higher quality blog than what you have now. Re IQ tests: See this article by Ken Richardson: What IQ Tests Test: The controversies and debates that result are well known. This paper brings together results and theory rarely considered (at least in conjunction with one another) in the IQ literature. It suggests that all of the population variance in IQ scores can be described in terms of a nexus of sociocognitive-affective factors that differentially prepares individuals for the cognitive, affective and performance demands of the test—in effect that the test is a measure of social class background, and not one of the ability for complex cognition as such. (p. 283) On the height/weight example: A correlation between test scores does not necessarily mean that they are measuring the same thing. As Raven et al. (1993) put it, ‘height and weight are correlated to much the same extent as “academic abilities”—yet height and weight are clearly not the same thing’ (p. G8) (p. 300) Also see Does IQ Really Predict Job Performance? See also Ken Richardson’s book review of Jensen’s The g Factor: The Science of Mental Ability: DEMYSTIFYING G: Book Review of Jensen on Intelligence-g-Factor Jensen also writes on p. 48 of The g Factor: My study of these two symposia and of many other equally serious attempts to define “intelligence” in purely verbal terms has convinced me that psychologists are incapable of reaching a consensus on its definition. It has proved to be a hopeless quest. Therefore, the term “intelligence” should be discarded altogether in scientific psychology, just as it discarded “animal magnetism” as the science of chemistry discarded “phlogiston.” “Intelligence” will continue, of course, in popular parlance and in literary usage, where it may serve a purpose only because it can mean anything the user intends, and where a precise and operational definition is not important. What is most important, in my opinion, for individual differences in IQ is a theory of individual intelligence differences. As far as I know, there is no such theory. Why not? Jensen and Deary state that there is no theory of why individuals differ in g or IQ tests. I think that’s a huge problem. A quote from Richardson’s new book Genes, Brains, and Human Potential: The Science and Ideology of Intelligence (p. 104): Intelligence is viewed as the most important ingredient of human potential. But there is no generally accepted theoretical model of what it is (in the way that we have such models for other organic functions). Instead, psychologists have adopted physical metaphors: mental speed, energy, power, strength, and so on, together with simple genetic models of how it is distributed in society. The IQ test was invented to create scores that correspond with such metaphors, with the distribution—who is more or less intelligent—already presumed. This circularity in IQ testing must not be forgotten or overlooked. IQ tests do not have what is called “construct” validity, in the way that breathalyzer is calibrated against a model of the passage of alcohol in the bloodstream. They are constructed on the basis of prior beliefs of who is or is not intelligent. But by creating a numerical surrogate of a social class system, they make that system appear to spring from biological rather than social forces. Such ideas are dangerous, because they demean the real mental abilities and true potential of most people in everyday social situations. Ken Richardson has constructed a theoretical model of intelligence, the basis of which are intelligent cells and intelligent physiology. His dynamic/intelligent systems/physiology theory is great, and could explain the emergence of intelligence, as well as the evolution of new species. Whatever the case may be, there is no hard theory for individual differences in g (whatever that is), and no agreed-upon definition intelligence. Without getting past these two hurdles, the “IQ research community” has a lot of ground to cover. In eight analyses, population mean full scale IQ and literacy scores yielded correlations ranging from .79 to .99. Literacy score != years of education. And group level correlations tend to be higher than individual level correlations. It must be assumed that if any country implements the same policies as Norway, they can increase their IQ scores likewise. Your analysis assumes that differences in schooling are the only cause of international IQ gaps which is debunked by the fact that these IQ gaps occur at ages when kids are still in school. In one of the largest African IQ studies ever done (Owen, 1992) 1,093 black South Africans drawn from 28 schools, had a mean Raven IQ below 70. This very low score can not be caused by the kids leaving school early because the sample was still in school so your numbers explain nothing. Now you could argue it’s PARTLY caused by their parents leaving school early, but then you’d have to use the independent effect of parental IQ on one’s IQ; you used the independent effect of one’s own schooling on one’s IQ which makes no sense given how early in life international IQ gaps appear. I’m not finding correlations with government school budgets, I’m finding correlations with GDP. One would expect GDP to be related to school budgets. Which is different and the causal direction is easy to understand: more education/IQ gives a country the ability to add more value-add to its economy (GDP = value added). One would expect the causation to flow in BOTH directions, hence the high correlations. But the most important part is that my correlations with all measures I tested (life expectancy, fertility, GDP/capita, HDI, homicide) aren’t only stronger, they are the same no matter what country I include in my dataset. So whatever I measured, it has more explanatory power for the main measures of socio-economic development than Lynn’s IQs and debunks his claim that his IQs are the most important cause of variation in national prosperity. Even if Lynn did claim that, you haven’t debunked him because you haven’t proved education is the cause of these high correlations. It could be GDP + IQ causing education causing more GDP etc. Rich smart countries get educated and get richer. Shocking! and I find better associations with all aspects of development than Lynn does, irrespective of the causal direction. Lynn’s data is not that reliable for individual countries since it’s just based on whatever studies he could find in the literature, so it doesn’t surprise me that authoritative data from the United Nations is more predictive, especially since education reflects not only the national IQ, but also the skills, work ethic, resources, and values of the country. And yet your own matrix shows Lynn’s data better predicting life span than your data (0.84 vs 0.76) and homicide (-0.35 vs -0.01). You also may have tried to manipulate the data by including only the most populous countries. And the IQ/education correlation is much higher than the height/weight one, Not much higher. The IQ-education correlation is about 0.57 for full-scale IQ and 0.47 for performance IQ (see table 4.6): https://books.google.ca/books?id=ee4KTFdIabAC&pg=PA117&lpg=PA117&dq=IQ+WAIS+years+of+education&source=bl&ots=4S0ceFrmV8&sig=EGZkh11cwByFrlfkXopbcNnP4ZI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=U8KiVZ3sJtjToAStoJyQDQ&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=IQ%20WAIS%20years%20of%20education&f=false By contrast the correlation between weight and squared height is about 0.45 in adults and 0.81 in kids. Click to access 10.1016%40j.endonu.2013.06.001.pdf In adult athletes, the correlation is 0.78: Click to access 91581-EXP-student4-001.pdf What you could not explain however is how Barbados, Jamaica, Gabon, Botswana or the Bahamas manage to get well developed economies and high quality of life in spite of IQs in the range of mental retardation according to Lynn. Lynn’s data is not reliable at the country level because he only has a few studies of questionable quality per country. Where his data might be a lot more reliable is at the regional level (i.e. sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia, Northwest Europe etc) because by averaging many countries in a region, the errors for individual countries cancel out. Having said that, I agree that mental retardation for entire countries is absurd but that doesn’t necessarily mean Lynn manipulated the data, it could just mean paper-pencil IQ tests are culturally biased for people in less developed countries because as Nell (2000) argued “they are less test-wise, less interested, more anxious, work less efficiently, or give up sooner on items they find difficult” Literacy score != years of education. Indeed, education and the time spent in school obviously is the main thing that improves literacy scores in life and it probably explains most of the Flynn effect. Then individual reading, commitment to schoolwork and teaching standards can causes differences in the way individuals acquire those literacy skills but I think years of education is the best proxy we have for literacy. It’s better than literacy rate because it makes no difference between different levels of mastery beyond the ability to read and write simple sentences. There is a reason why literacy, years education and IQ are all interrelated and good proxies for each other. If you look at the WAIS-IV’s subtests g-loadings, the verbal parts are more g-loaded than the performance ones. The highest being vocabulary. https://books.google.fr/books?id=vMR9b7dshrQC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=subtest+g+loading&source=bl&ots=7FikGNWy2q&sig=o2WEo8mFeUTdxpaLt-T52l9oEFY&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjuqOCvlK_WAhVQJ1AKHQbWBwEQ6AEIYzAL#v=onepage&q=subtest%20g%20loading&f=false Likewise, reading proficiency is an important determinant of school achievement for easily understandable reasons and it improves brain function. Click to access SLMR_IndependentReading_V3.pdf https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/23/can-reading-make-you-smarter So everything adds up. “g” is a measure of literacy, which is under socio-cultural influence. It explains group differences and the Flynn effect better than any other model. Your analysis assumes that differences in schooling are the only cause of international IQ gaps which is debunked by the fact that these IQ gaps occur at ages when kids are still in school. They do not attend the same schools, the 1992 study you quote was from apartheid South Africa. Lol! how can you claim to control for anything in apartheid South Africa? Blacks and whites lived on different planets. And all the other studies you can mention are based on samples that do not meet the representativeness of professional demographic analysis. Now you could argue it’s PARTLY caused by their parents leaving school early, but then you’d have to use the independent effect of parental IQ on one’s IQ; That’s what I partly do by averaging adult and children schooling characteristics. you used the independent effect of one’s own schooling on one’s IQ which makes no sense given how early in life international IQ gaps appear. It makes more sense than anything you wrote on your blog. My measure of children performance is school life expectancy, which is not exactly one’s schooling, it’s the time they’re expected to stay in school based on current enrollment rates. It means that when you claim Lynn’s samples show gaps appearing early, it only means that even if still in school, a large part of the schooled children are at risk of leaving school early because they’re not learning. And that translates in lower school life expectancy. Partly, but not exactly, countries with the same GDP/capita differ vastly in the share of national income that is spent on education. Education increasing value added makes more sense than value added increasing education. Because value added wont be spent on education to the same extent in all countries. I did prove that because my correlations are not just stronger, they’re invariant. Lynn’s data is not that reliable for individual countries since it’s just based on whatever studies he could find in the literature You mean every study that could make his point. Again, what matters the most here is invariance, international consistency of correlation coefficients. Lynn’s data losing predictive power once Africa is removed prove that that his correlations are only artificially higher due to the fake manipulated African scores. My correlations maintaining their predictive power with and without level prove worldwide reliability of my estimates. No, these correlations are still worth for 70% of the world’s population and it removes oil-rich countries with very high GDP per capita and other extreme outliers, it also gives world regions the same weight in the correlations. Because when there are 50 African countries and only 5 in East Asia, it gives way too much weight to the African data in the calculation of the correlation coefficient. It explains 50% more variance, and IIRC, the correlation you cite is about school grades, not years of schooling which is considered a good proxy for IQ in GWAS studies. One would never say height genes are a good proxy for weight genes. Lol! there is no such thing, no other international data is calculated this way. No one would say GDP figures are more reliable on the continental level than on the country level. Because there is high variance in GDP and GDP-influencing factors within a continent so it would be absurd to say since two countries have the same racial majority and are neighbors, they must be just as rich. The Dominican Republic is richer than Haiti (which is black), but it’s much poorer than Barbados (which is black too) So you need to use national data instead of a “mean Caribbean GDP” that would not reflect the large differences within the region. Saying continental level data is more reliable than country data is assuming that continental ancestry significantly influences country average. And the errors you mention are not errors, they are intentional selection of unrepresentative data. Don’t get it twisted, when serious analysts have no reliable data, they just don’t report estimates. Having said that, I agree that mental retardation for entire countries is absurd but that doesn’t necessarily mean Lynn manipulated the data it could just mean paper-pencil IQ tests are culturally biased for people in less developed countries because as Nell (2000) argued “they are less test-wise, less interested, more anxious, work less efficiently, or give up sooner on items they find difficult IQ scores in the mental retardation range not absurd, they’re only absurd if we assume that it truly reflects actual functioning instead of only test scores. But it’s truly absurd to believe that a country like Jamaica is run by retards or has a school system that doesn’t accustom its population to test-taking skills that are reflected in IQ scores higher than 80. By estimating advanced black countries in the Caribbean in the 70s and by estimating under-developed China above 100, Lynn had no intent to give a cultural-bias explanation to account for this. You’re too gullible. RR, Jensen was making progress towards a theory of individual differences before he died. See his book Clocking the Mind Indeed, education and the time spent in school obviously is the main thing that improves literacy scores in life and it probably explains most of the Flynn effect. They’re related but I repeat, literacy scores != years of education so citing the high correlation between literacy scores and IQ does not prove your nonsense claim that years of schooling is the only cause of national IQ gaps. Even among people with the same years of completed schooling, literacy scores differ enormously. They do not attend the same schools, the 1992 study you quote was from apartheid South Africa. Lol! how can you claim to control for anything in apartheid South Africa? Which shows the absurdity of you claiming years of education is the only cause of national IQ gaps. Countries can differ in all kinds of ways that affect IQ, beyond just mean schooling, with apartheid being an example. All you’re doing is averaging the expected IQ of adults with the expected future IQ of kids based on the wrong assumption that years of schooling is the only cause of IQ. My measure of children performance is school life expectancy, which is not exactly one’s schooling, it’s the time they’re expected to stay in school based on current enrollment rates. It means that when you claim Lynn’s samples show gaps appearing early, it only means that even if still in school, a large part of the schooled children are at risk of leaving school early because they’re not learning. And that translates in lower school life expectancy. So now that your claim that years of schooling is the only cause of national IQ differences has been debunked, you’re now claiming that even while still in school, countries that are X numbers of years less schooled than Great Britain are also X number of years behind in actual learning even before they dropout. If so, by the time they’re adults they are effectively 2X years behind Great Britain in schooling, so by your method, all the IQ gaps should be double by adulthood. So when you claim Africa’s mean IQ is 72, because they average 7.57 years less schooling than Great Britain, and each missed year deducts 3.7 points, you’re actually claiming that by adulthood, they’re effectively 15.14 years less schooled than Great Britain. Great Britain IQ – 15.14(3.7) = Adult African IQ of 44 Absurd! But the two are correlated so the correlation between national education and GDP is partly just rich countries being able to afford to educate the masses. Education increasing value added makes more sense than value added increasing education. They’re not mutually exclusive. The causation would work in both directions thus making the correlation extra high. Actually it may show just the opposite. Correlations are expected to decline when you restrict the range of scores which is what you did by removing African countries: http://davidmlane.com/hyperstat/A68809.html Lynn’s declining predictive power is exactly as expected. It’s your numbers that are behaving suspiciously. Such arbitrary decisions on your part create the appearance of data manipulation. It explains 50% more variance, Height explains FAR MORE of the variance in childhood weight than IQ explains variances in adult education. and IIRC, the correlation you cite is about school grades, not years of schooling No table 4.6 specifically says “years of education” which is considered a good proxy for IQ in GWAS studies. One would never say height genes are a good proxy for weight genes. That’s because it’s assumed that the non-IQ components of education are non-genetic, yet the non-height component of weight is still seen as genetic. The former assumption is false however: Click to access 15273.full.pdf Lol! there is no such thing, no other international data is calculated this way. No one would say GDP figures are more reliable on the continental level than on the country level. That’s because for other international data points we have excellent country by country data points. Saying continental level data is more reliable than country data is assuming that continental ancestry significantly influences country average. No, it assumes nothing about cause. It’s just the well known principle of aggregation: Don’t get it twisted, when serious analysts have no reliable data, they just don’t report estimates. Actually they do, particularly in fields where they don’t have the luxury of reliable data, for example in anthropology they might estimate the brain size of an extinct hominin based on just a couple skulls of unknown representativeness. These are just considered the best estimates we can make at the time, and as more and better data comes in, they’re revised. By estimating advanced black countries in the Caribbean in the 70s and by estimating under-developed China above 100, Lynn had no intent to give a cultural-bias explanation to account for this. I know Lynn’s numbers seem very wrong for Australian aboriginals so I would not be surprised if he’s wrong or biased in a lot of other areas too, but your article didn’t land a single punch. You’re too gullible. No gullible is you arguing the average adult African IQ is 44 and not even realizing you’re arguing that. They’re related but I repeat, literacy scores != years of education so citing the high correlation between literacy scores and IQ does not prove your nonsense claim that years of schooling is the only cause of national IQ gaps. The relation is not coincidental. -verbal tasks are the most g-loaded -reading improves cognition -schooling teaches reading -IQ improves as schooling expands Logical conclusion: IQ is a proxy for literacy This makes more sense than all your estimations of IQ from “number of splits” or brain size. The former being based on nothing, the latter being based on a much weaker correlation coefficient than literacy or education. Even among people with the same years of completed schooling, literacy scores differ enormously. Not enormously, but it’s due to the fact that in Western countries, students are kept in school even if they’re not learning due to legal school-leaving age and lowering standards for students to graduate. There is no such thing in the developing world where students only stay in school if they’re learning, or if they can afford to stay in school (which is correlated). I’m not exactly making this claim, I’m claiming that IQ estimates make much more sense if they’re calculated as if years of schooling are treated as the only cause of variance. I accept an error margin of 5 points, but not an error margin of 20 points as seen in China or Jamaica. And the only reasons to explain Lynn’s senseless estimates is that he wanted to make it seem like race is the only predictor of IQ. Otherwise, you need to explain why the Chinese have such poor educational and socio-economic indicators and despite a supposedly superior IQ which is claimed to be the best predictor of those things. And you have to explain why Jamaica is in the opposite situation. No, you don’t get it. Those who remain in school are learning something, those who persist into college probably have learned more than Britons who have watered down diplomas. You’re forgetting that many in the developing world are schooled in excellent private schools or have private instructors to help them. Those who drop out are mostly poor, rural and attending underfunded public schools. School life expectancy roughly estimates the size of this population that brings the national average down. What’s truly absurd is the strawman you’re attacking. I make no claim on an average African IQ to begin with. The African IQs that I estimate go from 58 to the high 80s. Secondly, your assumption that I’m implying that years of education could be twice less effective in improving IQ in Africa is absurd, which is why neither me or anyone else estimates an IQ of 44 for African adults. Now, would you care to explain which data point looks anomalous to you, and why? Partly, but international income variation is more subtle than just rich versus poor, and countries of similar GDP/capita can have vastly different school expenditure. No, oil rich countries trump the correlation for instance, and their lower IQ than expected from GDP reflects their severe lack of education spending. No, for instance, Lynn’s correlations are higher within the top 20 than in the whole list. So range restriction does not affect Lynn’s correlations. It’s a well justified decision, I wanted to remove outliers like countries at war, resource rich countries, and not having Luxembourg given the same weight as China in my calculation. So I chose to include only the top 20 countries for my data to still be representative of 70% of the world’s population. Lynn’s correlations did not suffer from my choice, and my correlations were stronger in both lists. Anyway, you’re forced to acknowledge that years of education are a better predictor of every outcome that Lynn claims to be caused by IQ than IQs estimated by Lynn himself. Who cares? You know full well that obesity becomes higher in adulthood. And what we’re discussing is the analogy you made with Samoans, which made no sense. The cause of their obesity is known, what is unknown is the weight/height correlation among them. I use years of schooling as a good proxy for IQ, which makes much more sense than you using brain size and just saying “some exceptions have to be expected” when things do not add up. Again, tell me which country estimates do not add up in my chart. My estimates are based on such excellent country by country data points. As a result, all the correlations I find are stronger and invariant. A principle that you’re misinterpreting. The principle of aggregation states that the sum of a set of multiple measurements is a more stable and representative estimator than any single measurement. It applies when you’re measuring the same thing. It’s absurd to estimate an “African IQ” unless you assume that a Nigerian sample can be treated as representative of a Gabonese sample. If you say they’re representative, you must justify it, and Lynn’s justification is that countries of similar ancestry have the same IQ. Actually they do, particularly in fields where they don’t have the luxury of reliable data, for example in anthropology they might estimate the brain size of an extinct hominin based on just a couple skulls of unknown representativeness. Anthropology more often presents these characteristics as a range, instead of a confirmed average in the way Lynn says the average IQ of Africa is 68 without mentioning the possibility of high variation between countries. Anyway, anthropology is a thing, demographics and economics statistics do not publish data of insufficient reliability, neither do they write books about it. It did, it did prove that whatever the meaning of my estimates, they’re a better predictor of everything Lynn claims to be caused by his national IQ. Can you tell me where I’m estimating an average adult African IQ? You’re the only one making things nonsensical here. Look at your blog, it’s a complete disaster. verbal tasks are the most g-loaded Actually on the most recent Wechsler adult intelligence scales, the non-verbal figure weights subtest is the most g loaded: Also, the heritability of IQ, along with its correlation with physiological traits like brain size and reaction time doesn’t fit by your claim that IQ is merely a function of schooling. Your estimates aren’t based on literacy but on years of schooling. This makes more sense than all your estimations of IQ from “number of splits” or brain size. No it makes no sense at all to estimate IQ from years of completed schooling, when you’re comparing the estimates to IQ scores of kids who have not yet completed school. As I already explained, Lynn’s data is not reliable enough to be taken literally at the national level, only by averaging all the countries in a given category does it yield useful data. Secondly, you need to look at the ages of those tested. If they were school kids, perhaps China’s IQ goes down if they were tested as adults and Jamaica’s IQ goes up. Lastly, if race does affect IQ, then we’d expect an uneducated East Asians to have higher IQs than educated blacks, for the same reason we expect short men to have more weight (especially fat-free weight) than tall women: The sex-weight correlation trumps the height-weight correlation, so perhaps the race-IQ correlation is trumping the education-IQ correlation. No you don’t get it. Forget about private vs public schools and just focus on the average African since we’re discussing averages. If the average black African 8th grader is 8 years less educated than the average British 8th grader, as he would have to be for your schooling theory to explain the low IQs at young ages, then what happens if he decides to drop out in the eighth grade? By the time he’s 25 he’s still going to be 8 years behind a British 8th grader, and thus 13 years behind same age Brits, so by your own formula (deduct 3.7 points for each year behind in schooling) he’d have an IQ around 50. No, for instance, Lynn’s correlations are higher within the top 20 than in the whole list. Then the increased correlation among the top 20 is what needs explaining, not the reduced correlation when black Africa is removed, which is expected from range restriction. It’s a well justified decision, Anything can be justified post-hoc, Afro. As Mark Twain liked to say, “there are lies, damn lies, and statistics” Lynn’s correlations did not suffer from my choice, and my correlations were stronger in both lists. Yet your education-GDP suspiciously correlation skyrocketed after you manipulated the data. Your own matrix shows that before you excluded Africans, Lynn’s IQs correlated better for most outcomes. Who cares? You know full well that obesity becomes higher in adulthood. But even in adulthood weight and height are almost as highly correlated as IQ and years of education And what we’re discussing is the analogy you made with Samoans, which made no sense. The cause of their obesity is known, And Lynn would claim the causes of the IQ-education mismatches you document are known, you just don’t agree with his explanation. what is unknown is the weight/height correlation among them. And you don’t know the IQ-education correlation in 90% of the countries you discuss. I use years of schooling as a good proxy for IQ, which makes much more sense than you using brain size and just saying “some exceptions have to be expected” when things do not add up. I tried to see how well brain size could predict the IQs of populations, but I didn’t assert than any exceptions are caused by the IQ data being manipulated, nor did I suggest a crude proxy variable should replace studies of directly measured IQ, which is what you’re doing. Again, tell me which country estimates do not add up in my chart. I already cited a massive study by Owen giving a much lower IQ for South Africa than you give. Again, it’s analogous to taking excellent country by country data on weight and using it to estimate height, and then claiming Samoans must be taller than whites since they’re heavier, and claiming any data to the contrary is manipulated. As black national merit scholar G-man correctly observed, your logic is circular. It applies when you’re measuring the same thing. It’s absurd to estimate an “African IQ” unless you assume that a Nigerian sample can be treated as representative of a Gabonese sample. No Afro, it doesn’t assume the two populations represent one another, the only assumption is that Nigerians and Gabonese are both samples in larger population (the larger sample could be black Africans, or it could be all humans). The point is data from any specific country is likely to have error, but if the error is random (i.e., no deliberate manipulation), overestimates and underestimates will tend cancel each other out as more countries are included, so the average IQ for all black Africa will be more accurate than the average IQ of any one country in black Africa, and the average IQ of the entire World, will be more accurate than the average IQ for a specific region like black Africa. No they’re not better predictors in most cases according to your own matrix, and even if they were, so what? It’s like saying weight is a better predictor of success in the NFL than height is, thus the height data is inaccurate. Makes no sense. I’d expect education to better predict GDP because both education and GDP reflect a country’s level of development as Melo implied below, and because education reflects not only IQ but also hard work and skills. For the same reason I’d expect basketball skill to better predict success in the military than height, since height merely reflects height, while basketball skill reflects height combined with coordination and team work. Look at your blog, it’s a complete disaster. You’re just mad cause your article’s a hot mess, as G-man and Melo have observed. Attacking my blog wont save it. Hello Pumpkinsperson, I’ve heard about you. You should know that there is nothing which give us clear proportion of the heredity of IQ: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mWBOxz5lA_4 (it’s a video which was approved by an actual geneticist so…) Even adoption studies tell you nothing important about IQ/heredity on race: http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm IQ probably do not test what you want it to test: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.110.9895&rep=rep1&type=pdf IQ do not really predict job performance: So yeah, your position is nothing but a theory, not a fact. the heritability of IQ We have already discussed in the past the problems of heritability assumptions in twin studies. Overestimation of heritability is a problem. (I will expand on this later.) along with its correlation with physiological traits like brain size Again, as we’ve been through before, useless. Size doesn’t matter for brain size. Erectus, microcephalics normal/above average IQ, expertise, tramatic brain injury, etc (Skoyles, 1999; Skoyles and Sagan, 2002: 240-244). and reaction time Such small correlations of .2-.3 show that there are numerous other factors that effect RT than ‘speef of processing’ including (but not limited to): “misunderstanding instructions, familiarity with equipment, motivation to do the task, sensory acuity, learned response strategies, time spent on sensory processing and motor action rather than decision time, attention, arousal, task orientation, confidence and anxiety. Such research appears to be up another cul de sac. But, like frustrated yet hopeful prospectors, IQ devotees keep returning to RT” (Richardson, 2017: 91). RT is also trainable (Dye, Green, and Bavelier, 2011; Green and Bavelier, 2012), so due to this I don’t think it’s a good correlate for ‘g’ (whatever that is). rw95 says: I just cannot understand how South Asian IQ is so low. How can Indian IQ be lower than Amerindian IQ when India was vastly more important than south America in world history, as well as contributing much more in terms of science and culture? It just doesn’t make sense to me. And if Indian IQ is basically African-tier, how is it Sri Lanka scores in the low 90s? Because they are poor countries with low education. IQ is not about race Because his numbers are not the IQs of those countries, they’re the IQs countries would have if years of schooling were the only cause of national IQ differences. Because his numbers are not the IQs of those countries Neither are Lynn’s, they’re the unweighted average of un-professionally selected samples. they’re the IQs countries would have if years of schooling were the only cause of national IQ differences. Which is likely the case. pithom says: @Afrosapiens It’s obviously not the case. Compare Saudi Arabia to Finland, Vietnam to South Africa, China to Egypt. India may have had a higher environment-adjusted avg IQ in earlier times, or, more likely, the difference is just due to different population densities, which was a more important variable than avg IQ in ancient times. South Africa is more developed than Vietnam, China slightly more than Egypt, Saudi Arabian citizens are richer than Finns. or, more likely, the difference is just due to different population densities, which was a more important variable than avg IQ in ancient times. Yes, IQ makes no sense in historical comparisons. We’re not talking about development here, but average national IQ. South Africa obviously has a lower avg IQ than Vietnam, Saudi Arabia much lower than Finland, Egypt much lower than China. This is clear from the test score data, as well as from the bulk of anecdotal evidence. Pithom, what about dismissing Afrosapiens’s data and correlation to make your point. You say that his IQ average can’t be true without any correct arguments so go ahead, destroy his correlations RealAfrosapiens says: more on twitch fiber bullshit. as people get older their fiber composition changes. the type ii are converted to type i. then there’s kim collins. the fastest time he ever ran he ran at age 40. While the 9.96 will remain as the M35 World Record, at age 40 years, 54 days, in a new age category, Collins improved his national record to 9.93 +1.9 at the NRW Gala in Bottrop, Germany.[4] He is the first man over age 40 to break the 10 second barrier. This yet again extended his own record as the oldest man to run a sub 10 second 100m, which continues with each sub-10 performance. voltaire is unpopular in france. french is now JEWISH . sad! voltaire said: I Disapprove of What You Say, But I Will Defend to the Death Your Right to Say It Put this in the relevant threads on fiber typing. Thanks. Phil78 says: Was this finding consistent with people who trained or did this apply just for those that didn’t? Phil, please reply to off-topic comments on the other thread. Jm8 says: (approx) 90 for barbados certainly makes more sense than the 79 figure given by Lynn. I figured that that it was likely to be too/inaccurately low (not too surprising since it’s from Lynn), and that the real average was likely closer to the approximately 91-93 for the Bahamas, and the somewhat higher figure for Bermuda. I look forward to seeing more data from the region (and others). http://humanvarieties.org/2013/03/12/hvgiq-the-bahamas/ http://humanvarieties.org/2013/05/03/hvgiq-bermuda/ Yeah, the low 90s is what we must expect from Barbados’ socio-economic indicators. Contrary to Lynn’s estimates, there is no black nation in the Caribbean that can realistically score below 80, except Haiti for which I estimated an IQ of 73, which is still higher than the scores in the 60s that Lynn and even Malloy estimated for this country. Subsaharan Africa’s middle-income economies also score in the 80s. Lynn’s estimates are worthless. “Jm8 = peepee.” I’m definitely not PP, that’s for sure. (perhaps I’m misunderstanding something) Don’t mind mug of pee. Peepee shows signs of mental retardation that no one could fail to notice. Edit: “(perhaps I’m misunderstanding something—I most likely am)” “how much does learning to speak english increase a frenchman’s IQ? another very important question.” I wondered that too, just after reading your last post (on Anglophone vs francophone blacks. Don’t mind mug of pee, he’s trolling and since he uses my gravatar, his comments are now in the trash. “RealAfrosapiens” is mug of pee/mugabe/ian smith/ilovehitler/whatever stupid name. Now about African countries, first there aren’t real Francophone/Anglophone Africans, these countries have official languages that are inherited from colonialism but virtually none is spoken as a mother tongue by Black Africans. Secondly, I don’t see a real difference. The lowest of the lowest estimates are in the Sahelian belt and the horn of Africa. These countries are very rural and barely touched by modernity. But I can’t see a link with French colonialism, since countries like Benin, Togo, Cameroon, the Congo(s) and Gabon which are more modern also have higher estimates, the highest being Gabon: 84. Edit: “…reading your last comment (on anglophone vs. francophone…” That was him? Strange that I didn’t notice the different name (from yours). That’s weird, well don’t I feel dumb. It makes sense now that it was a troll LOL! Never mind. Secondly, I don’t see a real difference. The lowest of the lowest estimates are in the Sahelian belt and the horn of Africa. These countries are very rural and barely touched by modernity. ” Yeah, that makes a lot more sense. I should have checked the data. Edit: “…Yeah, that makes a lot more sense. I should have checked the data—a bit of a mental lapse on my part I guess.. It happens 😉 To AfroSapiens: The new report by Becker, (whatever other problems it may have)—and which I saw you commented on at Unz where James Thompson discussed it—, finds an IQ of 93 for Barbados (from IQ test data)—and 91 for the Bahamas—. So we can at least but to rest Lynn’s claim that Barbados scores at 79 (it’s clearly higher, ca. low-mid 90s). True, but look how other commenters react at the sight of European countries scoring in the 80s. People will not get over Lynn’s hierarchy. Cont: Becker link: below under “favorites” as well as under “national”: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B3c4TxciNeJZWUx5bzBWZ1BuMUk/view “(despite the other problems it may or likely has, underestimating the IQs of many other countries)—and which I saw you commented” Edit: “…93 for Barbados (from IQ test data)—and 91 for the Bahamas—. So we can at least put to rest Lynn’s claim…” “put to rest”—mistakenly written at first as “but to”… Also, the Barbadian data was actually from people afflicted with kwashiorkor and marasmus, or people that had at one time/as children been afflicted (yet two more—in addition to all the others—diseases/afflictions that can significantly lower IQ). So it seems maybe it’s possible that healthy Barbadian controls could score higher. “Long-term effects of early kwashiorkor compared with marasmus. II. Intellectual performance.” “Relation of Kwashiorkor in Early Childhood and Intelligence at School Age” https://www.nature.com/pr/journal/v5/n11/pdf/pr1971371a.pdf?origin=ppub Indeed. I think I remember this study. I posted a while back on peepee who dismissed it out of disbelief Also, the kwashiorkor/marasmus information is in the “Collection” section of the Becker (google sheets) IQ link I linked. “…who dismissed it out of disbelief” Yeah. He does seem to have a way of doing that. Minor correction: One Barbadian study/sample used (in the aforementioned Becker study) came from a group of normal Barbadian adults who averaged at an IQ of 94 (though the study also found/reported a sample of adults who had been malnourished in infancy and they scored at only 78—much lower than the healthy controls who scored 94—a difference of 16 points). The other sample came from a study of adolescents in which some had suffered from kwashiorkor of marasmus as young children, but only the healthy controls’ score was used (they scored around 90, at 89.5), and the afflicted groups (with kwashiorkor or marasmus) scored considerably/quite significantly lower)—the sample came from a study comparing afflicted and less affected/relatively healthy Barbadian adolescents, and finding large differences (I cited it above). In both studies, both affected samples and healthy controls came from about the same socio-economic background (in one study many across both groups were siblings) So the combined average for Barbados, as mentioned, was 93. Also, interestingly , the sample with the higher score (94) was more recent (Weber 2014) than the other one (Galler 1987), so perhaps this is due to/part of the Flynn effect (at least partly). though, the higher scoring sample is older than the other one (adult vs adolescent), and the ages are far enough apart that it may perhaps be a bit more something like improvement within a cohort due to educational or other environmental factors, than an across cohort effect—though the report mentions that severe infant malnutrition is now much less common than when the study was done, so a recent rising IQ effect may be likely at least partly due to that, and a recent low-mid 90s score should, as the studies show, be expected for the country. “Thus, whereas moderate-severe cases of infant malnutrition were of significant concern when this study was undertaken in the 1970’s, infant malnutrition is now virtually eliminated from the island due to its improved economy and the impact of island-wide nutrition-related education” (those afflicted with kwashiorkor or marasmus—excluded from the healthy controls in the second mentioned sample/study— scored iqs much lower than the others at 74 and 72, showing the significant iq depressive effects of those conditions and malnourishment, suggesting that the depressive effects of likely even worse conditions—like malaria, hookworm, etc—common in poorer countries in Africa and elsewhere, could be even worse/more severe, especially when combined, as they likely often are, with conditions like kwashiorkor, marasmus, other forms of malnutrition etc.) “In 2006, the BNS undertook to assess outcomes in its participants in mid-adulthood, including neuropsychological, psychiatric, and social functioning, as well as physical health. There was an estimated 9-fold increase in the prevalence of IQ in the range of intellectual disability (≤70) in the previously malnourished group, and basic academic skills were significantly depressed, even after adjusting for the effects of standard of living throughout childhood and adolescence (Waber, et al., 2013).” “The effect of early malnutrition and related conditions at the time of episode still emerged as significant even when the current environmental factors were controlled for.” In a Mexican study, healthy vs. afflicted differences of a similar magnitude: “Measured intelligence at school age was compared in 37 previously severely mal- nourished children and their siblings. The malnourished children all had been hos- pitalized for kwashiorkor…” “The siblings had never experienced a bout of severe malnutrition requiring hospitalization. The sibling controls were all within 3 yearsof age of the index cases. Full scale WISC IQof the index cases was 68.5 and of the con- trols 81.5. Verbal and performance differences were of similar magnitude and in the same direction.” Edit: …”and the groups’ ages/dates are far enough apart given the respective dates…” Edit “…(the study also contained/reported a sample of adults who had been malnourished in infancy and they…” Edit: “In studies, both affected samples and healthy controls came from generally similar socio-economic backgrounds, “recruited as children from the same classrooms and neighborhoods” (Waber 2014). (in one study, the last one from Mexico, those across both groups were siblings, thus from the same background). The Waber study mentions that: “…Although these environmental influences (my note: socio-economic correlates like parental education, income etc.) were themselves systematically associated with cognition and academic achievement as would be expected, they nevertheless did not mediate the association between malnutrition and cognitive compromise (Galler, Ramsey, & Forde, 1986; Galler, et al., 1983; Waber, et al., 2011).” Gary Nobelheim says: I can’t get behind some of these numbers. Spain adult average at 87? An 85 IQ precludes you from most basic work competency, according to neuroscientist, Richard Heiar. I can’t imagine half of Spain’s population being completely extraneous. These numbers have to be wrong. I was equally surprised by Spain’s adult IQ below 90. But here is how I explained it to myself: -Spain’s adult population is very old and grew up under a fascist dictatorship, when the country was poor, education was poorly funded and brain drain was high. We see the same low adult IQ in Portugal and Greece. These three southern European country have the same history and a large inter-generational gap, which is indicative of a large Flynn effect. I wonder how developed they would if they hadn’t joined the European Union which highly subsidized them. We have clues that Greece is not entirely able to manage a first world economy independently like Germany and France do. I don’t believe in IQ thresholds. 85 is the supposed IQ of African American adults, and obviously, much more than 50% of African adults can be competent workers, they’ve been working in factories since the 1920s. I don’t even know what is “basic work competency”. Even in Niger, where I found an adult IQ of 57, people engage in crafts, agriculture, animal husbandry and trade and support themselves independently. You don’t see a population of impotent adults there. My opinion on IQ tests is not that they reflect “intelligence” but IQ test competency and some aspects of logical thinking that depend on exposure to formal schooling. These numbers have to be wrong. I think your interpretation is wrong. Because whatever you think of these numbers, in the case of Spain, it’s the conversion of an average educational attainment equaling middle school dropout level. That’s what I found on education and skills among Spanish adults. Click to access Country%20note%20-%20Spain.pdf Click to access Spain-EAG2014-Country-Note.pdf The OECD is the organization that manages the PISA ranking. James Dalon says: Wow, I’m really surprised to see a race realist allowing a black man to give an credible opinion on IQ. Don’t get me wrong, I’m not saying that race realist can’t be wrong but it’s nice to see people in this site actually trying to reach for an honest conversation. People like tara mcarthy and the alternative hypothesis (Ryan Faulk) are far to narcissic to argue honestly, everyone has bias but Ryan and Tara can’t minimize their bias, in contrary to the owner of this site. Kudos!!!!! Michel Dupont says: Hey Afrosapiens! Great article but pumpkinperson posted a criticism of your article which you didn’t respond: https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/09/05/worldwide-iq-estimates-based-on-education-data/#comment-4231 I’m not claiming that you’re wrong and I’m not claiming that pumpkinperson is wrong, I’m just interested by your opinion on his comment. Yes, I’m replying very soon. By the way Afrosapiens, what do you think of the alternative hypothesis last video? It would be nice to have an great honest opposing view here. Hi, sorry I’ve been busy lately. Back to you soon. Take your time but be careful. The alternative hypothesis apparently edited the video he responded too to make it look like “shit” Here’s the original video he responded too. There is an ongoing war between the alternative hypothesis and black lightning. I’m just curious about your thoughts on their arguments. No need to be precise though. I played most of both videos. I completely side with black lightening. I will elaborate on my opinion in a more detailed reply later. Paprika says: Which IQ test are the most reliable then Afro? Since you proved that Lynn’s data is flawed. Sorry, your comments were marked as spam. Which IQ tests are the most reliable? I don’t think one is better than an other, Lynn’s data is biased because of confirmation bias in data selection. There are many tests on the market, some pretend to be culture-fair so they are more often administered to non-western populations. But even the culture-fairness assumption is disputed. Otherwise, when it comes to Westerners, the Welscher Adult Intelligence Scales is the most widely used test in psychology. What are the most reliable IQ test then? Since you showed that Lynn’s data is flawed. I try to post this comment numerous times but it doesn’t work everytime. Is it a problem with wordpress? Will you go against other hereditarians? Also, what do you think of adoptions studies showing Koreans at the top? http://emilkirkegaard.dk/en/?p=5663 You can also click on the “adoption” tag from this blog to see 4 other article about adoption studies. It seems to show that education is irrelevant among adoptees, what do you think of this? Yes, I will probably go against Alternative Hypothesis and Anonymous Conservative, he’s not really a HBDer but he keeps pushing an even more misinformed version of r/K than HBDers do. These studies have been debunked in a recent meta-analysis showing methodological flaws. Also, a recent Swedish study using non-adopted siblings as controls shows significant IQ gains lasting through adolescence that are associated with the level of education of adoptive parents. What about you ron? Any links proving your claim? Also, Afro may be right, see: http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm Do you have anything beside using insults? meLo says: Verbal tasks are more g loaded because all sub tests are tests. Also it’s fallacious to assume that any country could replicate Norway’s exact policies, when populations vary so much in culture,values, geography, genetics and size. I’d argue that access to communication and culturally stability would be better proxies. Plus this doesn’t quite fit reality to the T. With Australia supposedly being the most intelligent countries when south Korea and Nordic countries greatly outperform them in innovation. It is very evident how intelligent China is and even Philippine immigrants can be quite intelligent, so this is probably the least accurate for easy Asian type ethnicities, tho I would like to see the corrected data when you use east Asians as the standard. But these numbers are far more accurate than lynns. I just don’t see how subsaharans could have the mental ability of elementary students https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2017-01-17/sweden-gains-south-korea-reigns-as-world-s-most-innovative-economies I don’t think that you nailed the point of this article. Maybe you should see Afrosapien’s responses to pumpskinperson just above. The point was obvious, he even said it multiple times. He was simply converting years of schooling to projected IQ and then comparing it to lynns. Demonstrating that Lynn’s was possibly manipulated because his was more predictvely consistent. But the predictive power is also quite blatantly inflated because 1) he didn’t actually give anyone an IQ test and 2) as Pumpkin already iterated and Afro himself suggested, he assumes Schooling is the only casual factor regarding national IQ differences. It’s not actually predicting anything beyond what we already know, that education and intelligence are intertwined, what this study has accomplished is creating a more accurate framework for future HBD theories and even more IQ estimates. But of course Lynn’s data is still going to trump Afro’s in some aspects. He already admitted that he accept a marge of error between 1-5 IQ point. Also, china is overrated. http://world.time.com/2013/12/04/china-is-cheating-the-world-student-rankings-system/ “About 84 percent of Shanghai high school graduates go to college, compared to 24 percent nationally.” You’re misunderstanding. Lynn’s data is a better predictor of IQ because it actually administered IQ tests. The higher consistency within Afro’s correlations to HDI only persist because schooling itself is a better predictor of HDI than IQ not because Afro’s IQ scores are accurate. Schooling is a direct proxy of cultural/ technological development whereas IQ is a proxy for g potential. Lynn’s work us garbarge. Is IQ average are the unweighted average of un-professionally selected samples. I guess, you’ll just keep missing the point. Fine with me. IQ is a proxy for g potential What is g? ‘Processing speed’? ‘Power’? ‘Strength’? ‘Energy’? ‘Capacity’? Those terms are not scientific. ‘Intelligence’ also lacks a theoretical framework, which is why these unscientific terms are used in place of a sound, coherent theory of g and individual differences in ‘intelligence’. So-called ‘general intelligence’ is not physiological, it’s not ‘a thing’. As Muagbe say, is it like adiposity? Stroke volume? Blood cell count? If it is a physiologic process—as is usually claimed—then it must be similar to all of the others—with a wide variation of ‘normal’, with people living normal lives in a range of what is considered ‘normal’. We only notice something is off in extreme cases—i.e., extreme disabilities. For instance, with blood pressure (BP), some researchers argue to change what is ‘normal’ (Taylor, Wilt, and Welch, 2011). There is also a 5 to 10 percent variation in serume cholesterol in the general population (Hegstead and Nicolosi, 1987) and people live good lives, even with the wide range of variation. Reaction time being a proxy for g also fails since it falls prey to way too many confounds. Such small correlations (between .2 and .4) show that other factors mediate RT than ‘processing speed’. Ken Richardson states that differences in RT can stem from “‘misunderstanding instructions, to familiarity with the equipment, to motivation to do the task, to sensory acquity, to learned response strategies, time spent on sensory processing and motor action rather than decision time, attention, arousal, task orientation, confidence and anxiety” (Richardson, 2017: 91). So which physiologic variable is g like? By the way Melo, what do IQ tests test? ” So-called ‘general intelligence’ is not physiological, it’s not ‘a thing” Don’t be silly. Studies on primates have verified that our brain is wired to be efficient at a wide range of mental tasks, meaning a g factor is neurologically observed. “In this context, these reservoir networks reproduce the highly recurrent nature of local cortical connectivity. Recombining present and past inputs, random recurrent networks from the reservoir computing framework generate mixed selectivity which provides pre-coded representations of an essentially universal set of contexts. These representations can then be selectively amplified through learning to solve the task at hand. We thus explored their representational power and dynamical properties after training a reservoir to perform a complex cognitive task initially developed for monkeys.” http://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004967 The bais of other scientists does not reflect what is actually true. Meaning, just because lynn or rushton tried to imply inferiority to lower IQ races does not mean IQ is rank order in nature . We know from neurological studies that specific parts of the brain have differing functions Like the visual cortex and visual acuity and when these parts are damaged their are detrimental side effects. “Damage to the left parietal lobe can result in what is called “Gerstmann’s Syndrome.” It includes right-left confusion, difficulty with writing (agraphia) and difficulty with mathematics (acalculia). It can also produce disorders of language (aphasia) and the inability to perceive objects normally (agnosia). Damage to the right parietal lobe can result in neglecting part of the body or space (contralateral neglect), which can impair many self-care skills such as dressing and washing. Right side damage can also cause difficulty in making things (constructional apraxia), denial of deficits (anosagnosia) and drawing ability.” https://www.neuroskills.com/brain-injury/parietal-lobes.php Secondly, we know that Human brain size(specific components and absolute mass), network complexity, blood flow, neural density etc. have all increased dramatically over relatively short evolutionary periods, we know this from studies of archaic and modern groups so it would make sense that individuals have genetic variation in these traits and that selection has persisted of increased amounts of it. Finally we know that the brain is a whole integrated system. The g factor on IQ tests is not fully reflective of the physiological aspect of g, IQ tests correlate well with eachother but they all test more or less the same thing, the body is controlled by your brain yet IQ tests do not measure Athletic ability, or musical, or even personality. All of which are mediated by the brain. All else equal an individual with more of the aforementioned traits will be more intelligent, in all categories not just on IQ tests. IQ tests simply measure reasoning ability and academic success which is evident by SAT scores. Even the glucose metabolisim thing is a variable in intelligence. Mental inclinations of individuals will be dictated by the proportion of their brain and which variable they have more or less of. But g itself is the aggregation of all those proportions. So within this instance two individuals can express the same g but have wildly different mental characteristics. So this Idea that you cant tell the difference between an intelligent and less intelligent counterpart from Brain anatomy is beyond stupid, so go put on some 6 inch heels cuz you’re reaching. So if g is physiological, which physiological/neurological process in the body does it mimic? The bais of other scientists does not reflect what is actually true. Meaning, just because lynn or rushton tried to imply inferiority to lower IQ races does not mean IQ is rank order in nature I agree. And if were physiological and if physiologists studied general intelligence, then they wouldn’t put it in a rank order. That’s bullshit that psychologists do. We know from neurological studies that specific parts of the brain have differing functions Like the visual cortex and visual acuity and when these parts are damaged their are detrimental side effects. Damage to the brain causes problems. This isn’t novel. However, a wrench in the claim of brain size being needed for high IQ is wrong, as I have discussed on traumatic brain injury. There is individual physiologic variations in a whole suite of traits. I’ll get specifics later but there is a wide range of physiologic variables, and individuals can live good lives in that large range. So you’re talking about selection and individual physiologic variation. What is the explanatory theory for why individuals differ in so-called general intelligence? Jensen and Deary state there is no theory. That’s a huge problem, as I’ve repeatedly said. Other physiologic process have theories, for instance sliding filament theory which explains how muscles contract, but there is no theory for why individuals differ in so-called general intelligence. The g factor on IQ tests is not fully reflective of the physiological aspect of g, Of course it isn’t, because 1) it’s not physiologic and 2) IQ tests cannot capture all of what we call ‘intelligence’, because it is strongly linked to culture (even Raven’s Progressive Matrices, contrary to Jensen’s (1998) claims). IQ tests correlate well with eachother This is the only kind of “construct validity” that IQ tests have; their correlation with other IQ tests. However IQ tests aren’t like breathalyzers, which is calibrated against blood alcohol volume. Drink more alcohol, then there is a concurrent rise in blood alcohol level. No such thing for IQ and IQ tests. No theory, no construct validity. IQ tests simply measure reasoning ability and academic success which is evident by SAT scores. Read the paper ‘What IQ Tests Test‘ by Ken Richardson and get back to me. Even the glucose metabolisim thing is a variable in intelligence. Mental inclinations of individuals will be dictated by the proportion of their brain and which variable they have more or less of. But g itself is the aggregation of all those proportions. So within this instance two individuals can express the same g but have wildly different mental characteristics. There is neither a cause nor direction that is identified by such correlations with glucose metabolism. I’m not reaching at all. There are other explanations other than “general intelligence” or “higher IQ” (whatever they are, or test). “if g is physiological, which physiological/neurological process in the body does it mimic?” You must not have fully red or understood what I was telling you, I lean more towards the latter because I’ve never viewed you as intellectually lazy. Physically, the brain and It’s specifics is what reflects intelligence, I already cited neurological evidence which you ignored for some strange reason. “brain size being needed for high IQ is wrong” Well duh, but it does help, a bigger brain will translate to higher function. This is factual. “What is the explanatory theory for why individuals differ in so-called general intelligence” Genetic variation? I don’t know, why would every one have an identical brain? “1) it’s not physiologic and 2) IQ tests cannot capture all of what we call ‘intelligence’, because it is strongly linked to culture (even Raven’s Progressive Matrices, contrary to Jensen’s (1998) claims).” 1) It’s a measure physiologic traits 2) No, that is not why. I’m only going to repeat myself one more time so make sure you actually understand before replying this time. IQ only measures some aspects of intelligence, or only the magnitude of activity within specific parts of the brain. Wouldn’t you agree that physical ability is partly of intelligence? The brain does in fact control the body. An IQ test wouldn’t correlate much with football though but they’d both correlate with how healthy, how big, how many neurons etc etc you had in whatever region dictates whatever particular task you had to do in question. General mental ability is exactly that it wouldn’t be confined to just reasoning nd problem solving that’s so one dimensional, again and for the last time IS tests correlate with each other because they ‘ll test the same thing, the g factor is not synonymous with GMA. “Drink more alcohol, then there is a concurrent rise in blood alcohol level. No such thing for IQ and IQ tests. No theory, no construct validity.” False. Someone with the a higher number of neurons in the appropriate regions of the brain will score higher on an IQ test. I’ve read the paper, it’s not convincing. Rr do you even know what kind of questions are asked on the wais? No offense but youd have to be a complete moron to think IQ tests don’t measure some kind of mental aptitude Maybe this study will give you closure Sorry for the grammatical errors. If you have any trouble deciphering let me know so I can rectify it. ron burgundy says: autism isn’t just a river in egypt. rectify your own grammar meLo. don’t ask the man to do it for you. Well if he gets it then there is no need to. I’m not asking him to correct it, just to let me know if he doesn’t understand any particular statements. I’ve been using a phone for wordpress lately, which I’m not used to the autocorrecting feature at all. I do not really think that you’ve read the paper about what does IQ test test Melo. You seems to misunderstand RR’s point. No, his point is irrelevant. The fact is that IQ tests do measure some level of cognitive aptitude and just because socio-economic status affects it doesn’t means it’s unreliable. Plus he assumes a Steadman that IQ tests measure every part of intelligence Where do I assume that IQ tests measure every part of intelligence? Quote please. I’ll address your other comment later today. And no the point isn’t irrelevant. MeLo, I guess you meant strawman that IQ tests measure every part of intelligence. You must realize how important it is, imagine what’d happen if rulers didn’t measure every part of a distance or thermometers every part of a temperature. That’d be a huge problem. So as long as no one can link IQ to a measurable physiological process or a set of processes, research in this area will remain stuck to the correlation+conjecture stage as it has been for more than 100 years now. Melo we also need to discuss how IQ tests are constructed. Afro, good points. The physiological basis of g is very important. Correlations don’t cut it. And if it were physiological, as I have argued, then it wouldn’t be rank ordered. Would it make sense for g, if it were physiological, to be put in a rank order, the only physiological variable to be ranked? No it would not. Hereditarians don’t understand physiology. Afro, RR, “imagine what’d happen if rulers didn’t measure every part of a distance or thermometers every part of a temperature. That’d be a huge problem.” First off, that is a false analogy. Why do you assume it should require one kind of test? We know which individuals have higher levels of GMA from neuroimaging, and we know how much of the variance in these measurements are due to intelligence. It can be quantified by Cortical thickness and Grey/white matter volume, Cortical glucose metabolic rate, but IQ is not the entirety of GMA. The brain is not a temperature nor is it a distance All of it is quantifiable but not to the point of translation into standardized mathematical model like the WAIS. Is there an IQ test for motor function, no but motor function still correlates with it. http://www.jneurosci.org/content/19/10/4065 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160289688900165 http://www.nature.com/mp/journal/v17/n10/full/mp201266a.html?foxtrotcallback=true http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341500250X?via%3Dihub https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/cercor/bhl125 http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/130/4/e950.1 “So as long as no one can link IQ to a measurable physiological process or a set of processes Afro, good points. The physiological basis of g is very important. Correlations don’t cut it. ” Except they have and still do as I already demonstrated, I’ll be expecting a response to those studies including the one one on macaques the next time you two respond. In fact there is actually a theory on individual intelligence differences, with enormous amounts of emprical data to back it up. “Reviewing studies from functional (i.e., functional magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography) and structural (i.e., magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, voxel-based morphometry) neuroimaging paradigms, we report a striking consensus suggesting that variations in a distributed network predict individual differences found on intelligence and reasoning tasks. We describe this network as the Parieto-Frontal Integration Theory (P-FIT). The P-FIT model includes, by Brodmann areas (BAs): the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (BAs 6, 9, 10, 45, 46, 47), the inferior (BAs 39, 40) and superior (BA 7) parietal lobule, the anterior cingulate (BA 32), and regions within the temporal (BAs 21, 37) and occipital (BAs 18, 19) lobes. White matter regions (i.e., arcuate fasciculus) are also implicated. The P-FIT is examined in light of findings from human lesion studies, including missile wounds, frontal lobotomy/leukotomy, temporal lobectomy, and lesions resulting in damage to the language network (e.g., aphasia), as well as findings from imaging research identifying brain regions under significant genetic control. Overall, we conclude that modern neuroimaging techniques are beginning to articulate a biology of intelligence. We propose that the P-FIT provides a parsimonious account for many of the empirical observations, to date, which relate individual differences in intelligence test scores to variations in brain structure and function.” “Statistically significant associations were found between g and damage to a remarkably circumscribed albeit distributed network in frontal and parietal cortex, critically including white matter association tracts and frontopolar cortex. We suggest that general intelligence draws on connections between regions that integrate verbal, visuospatial, working memory, and executive processes.” https://academic.oup.com/brain/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/brain/aws021 “Here, we investigated the neural substrates of the general factor of intelligence (g) and executive function in 182 patients with focal brain damage using voxel-based lesion–symptom mapping. The Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System were used to derive measures of g and executive function, respectively. Impaired performance on these measures was associated with damage to a distributed network of left lateralized brain areas, including regions of frontal and parietal cortex and white matter association tracts, which bind these areas into a coordinated system. ” ” The main findings are consistent with the P-FIT, supporting the view that general intelligence (g) involves multiple cortical areas throughout the brain. Key regions include the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas, the somato-sensory association cortex, and the visual association cortex. Further, estimates of crystallized and spatial intelligence with g statistically removed, still share several brain areas with general intelligence, but also show some degree of uniqueness.” “And if it were physiological, as I have argued, then it wouldn’t be rank ordered.” What do you mean by rank order? like in the sense that one rank is “better” than another? meLo, First off, that is a false analogy Remember the first question: what do IQ tests test? What do rulers and thermometers measure? Easy to tell, right? What do IQ tests test? Can’t reply. They don’t measure a quantity of any physical/physiological reality. They’re a construct (IQ) intended to measure another construct (g). Astrologists must have these kinds of measurements too. All the things you quoted below are correlations and associations, but no one can tell and demonstrate what causes these associations in a way I can tell you how blood oxygenation contributes to keeping organs alive. Don’t get me wrong though, I’m not saying correlations mean nothing, I’m saying they prove nothing unless we can empirically observe what causes them. IQ tests measure a bunch of things, do I need to name off sections? The point is we know that higher scores are associated with thicker grey/ white matter and the efficiency of neuronal connections in the brain. I demonstrated the correlation works backwards with my link to demonstrating exercise’s affect on the brain and the affect medical school training had on the brain. What do you suppose caused these increases? Most of the brain grows during adolescence which heavily implies a direct causal. Excessive increases the production of neurotrophic factors and learning increases neural connections and cortical thickness through neuroplasticity. Again, you can’t hand wave this evidence I already provided citations for the effects of trauma on the brain. IQ is a measurement of cognitive ability which has been shown time and time again to be caused by differences in brain structure/development IQ tests measure a bunch of things, do I need to name off sections? “a bunch of things” is not a valid biological value. Even if you mean “general mental health”, that’s not scientifically satisfying, no doctor would be interested in a “general health factor” that’d explain say 70% of the variance in life expectancy and then tell a patient with all the symptoms of HIV that he’s just fine and doesn’t need treatment because his general health score is okay. The point is we know that higher scores are associated with thicker grey/ white matter and the efficiency of neuronal connections in the brain. I demonstrated the correlation works backwards with my link to demonstrating exercise’s affect on the brain and the affect medical school training had on the brain. No meLo, these associations are nothing like explaining a physiological process like respiration causing lungs to absorb oxygen from the air, oxygen being then carried to the organs by blood cells which (or contributes to) ensures the survival of these organ’s cells. Oxygenation is measurable, it’s not a bell curve with values that are expressed in relation to what should be “normal oxygenation” in an hypothetical Gaussian distribution. You get that? You get that IQ is not a construct that originates from bio science and that meets the standard of a biological measure, right? What do you suppose caused these increases? What I suppose or what you suppose is not what matters, what matters is what causal mechanism one can observe in controlled laboratory experiment. Most of the brain grows during adolescence which heavily implies a direct causal. Wrong, most brain growth happens between conception and age 3. However, if you mean that critical changes in some neural processes happen during adolescence, then it’s right, but you need to do more than imply that they are causal, you need to demonstrate it. Excessive increases the production of neurotrophic factors and learning increases neural connections and cortical thickness through neuroplasticity. Fine, then is it what IQ tests measure like thermometers measure temperatures? Again, you can’t hand wave this evidence I already provided citations for the effects of trauma on the brain. No hand waving, I just think we do not have the same definition of “evidence” and “measurment”. Your reasoning is post hoc ergo procter hoc, I tell you again, you’re not necessarily wrong, you’re just speculative and not getting beyond observing patterns of association whose underlying causes are not demonstrated, except for your point on neuroplasticity above which is the type of things that IQ should measure with a perfect correlation of 1. IQ is a measurement of cognitive ability which has been shown time and time again to be caused by differences in brain structure/development First, not exactly, the claim is that brain properties cause “g” which in turn causes most of the variance in IQ test scores, which only makes it a rough estimate. That’s what the most convinced psychometricians will tell you. Secondly, we’re back to the core issues. What is the biological meaning of “g”. For instance, the biological meaning of visual acuity is how cone cells process light signals and transmit information to your brain. See more here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity#Physiology And yet, even with a simple, well understood physiological mechanism, the measurement of visual acuity is not without problems. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_acuity#Measurement_considerations So, just imagine how thin is the scientific basis for claiming valid and reliable assessment of intelligence. Hope you get my point this time. This is insulting, you have not read any study I have presented and you continue to ignore evidence. The brain controls the body, we know factually that the brain creates a level of self awareness, essentially some parts of cognition are reactional, some are not. When certain parts of the brain are damaged these mental abilities are affected severely. This is evidence of direct causation. Like when you break your arm, your arm will cease to function properly. When you damage your brain it ceases to function properly. We know which parts of the brain control which cognitive functions, through the same processes that visual acuity is is actualized. Neurons send information across the brain. More neurons equals more information, but of course thays a simplification. So ive clearly demonstrated the biological reality of g, if youd like to learn more, read the paper on macacyes. Your assertion that IQ only measures some variance is correct, I don’t know why you assumed I believed the opposite, the normal distribution is one of the reasons why the correlation will never be 1. In fact Iq only measures some parts of cognition, which I already stated. So you’ve added nothing new to the convo and still resort to semantics and hand waving. I have shown direct causation, you have not demonstrated otherwise. MRI studies are not post hoc Procter hoc reasoning. So next time you want me to get the loint, you should make sure you actually have one. meLo, don’t be so dramatic. I’m never claiming that cognitive ability has nothing to do with the brain. The point no one has been able to precisely identify intelligence in the brain. Identifying intelligence requires explaining how cells interact with each other and have their behaviors influenced by chemical elements to produce something that we can call intelligence. Drunkenness is physiologically understood for instance, we know how alcohol molecules modify consciousness. Moreover, brain injury, even severe, doesn’t necessarily impair cognitive function. There are also cases of brains rewiring themselves after injury. Reeducation can allow people to recover motor function after brain injury. So the brain is not a rock. That said, none of your studies answer the question that is what do IQ tests measure. A bunch of things is not a reply, there is nothing that measures “a bunch of things” in science meLo. I already showed that excersize increases compounds that affect neuronal growth. Neurons are the physiological agents of Intelligence. To put it as simple as possible for you, parts of the brain have varying functional purposes. When a specific task needs a solution, neurons fire between synapses to communicate sensory information with each other. This information translates to thought and then action. Consciousness is more or less than result of a need for hypothetical thinking when reactionary responses are inefficient. The p fit theory states: “General intelligence requires specific brain regions and incorporates: Sensory processing, primarily in the visual and auditory modalities, including specific temporal and parietal areas Sensory abstracting and elaboration by the parietal cortex (especially the supramarginal, superior parietal, and angular gyri) Interaction between the parietal cortex and frontal lobes for hypothesis testing available solutions. Response selection and inhibition of competing responses by the anterior cingulate This theory proposes that greater general intelligence in individuals results from the greater communication efficiency between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, and specific temporal and parietal cortex regions.” We already know what parts of the brain have what function and recovery from brain trauma is even further evidence of causation. Neurons also form together to help increase memory capacit, The macaque study showed that neurons pool In reservoirs specifically so they can be used in all sorts of cognitive tasks, especially novel problem solving. And General intelligence is a reflection of the entire brain. The WAIS tests: Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI)Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)Working Memory Index (WMI)Processing Speed Index (PSI) None of those studies were meant to answer a stupid question, they all demonstrated the biological basis of g. I’ll respond in depth to your other comment to me in a day or 2, I’m reading all the cites you provided again. exersize increases compounds that affect neuronal growth. Uh? Who are you telling this to? I’m a CPT, I know this already. I even wrote an article on exercise and cognitive ability. So PFI-T states ‘g’ requires specific brain regions and incorporates . . . Here is a quote from Intelligence: New Findings and Theoretical Developments By Nisbett et al (2012): This possibility is suggested by a review of 37 structural and functional neuroimaging studies of “intelligence and reasoning tests” by Jung and Haier (2007) in which they proposed a parieto frontal integration theory of intelligence (P-FIT) that was based on the identification of specific overall frontal and parietal brain regions as well as specific temporal and occipital areas that were reliably activated across most studies reviewed. The authors, as well as several commentators on the theory, however, noted the considerable heterogeneity in the findings of the various studies included in the review. Many brain regions were implicated by a small percentage of the studies, whereas relatively few were identified by more than 50% of the studies (Colom, 2007). But that “stupid question” is very relevant. And on brain trauma, I wrote an article about that. People with severe TBI can have IQs in the normal range. Numerous studies show this. You’re saying that brain damage changes people a lot of the time and changes functioning… No shit. You need to review the studies I cited in my TBI article. More thoughts in a few days after I reread all the studies you cited. We know which individuals have higher levels of GMA from neuroimaging Neuroimaging such as fMRI? There have been problems with fMRI. It can be quantified by Cortical thickness Not really: We demonstrated that estimation of CT was not consistent across methods. In addition, among SBM methods, there was considerable variation in the spatial pattern of CT-cognition relationships. Finally, within each SBM method, results did not replicate in matched subsamples. Nevertheless, the lack of replicability found in the literature could be extended to other relevant psychological variables, particularly when complex behaviors are considered. Reproducibility of Brain-Cognition Relationships Using Three Cortical Surface-Based Protocols: An Exhaustive Analysis Based on Cortical Thickness Further, we have problems figuring out what the connections between 302 neurons in a roundworm; we don’t know what all of the connections do. So if we have trouble figuring that out, something so ‘simple’, what do you think the human brain—with its tens of billions of neurons and trillions of connections—will take to unlock ‘the code’? That intellectual functioning is both associated with cortical thinning and cortical thickening is puzzling. Changes in Thickness and Surface Area of the Human Cortex and Their Relationship with Intelligence Grey/white matter volume “Quantified”? It’s just a correlation. If someone has less grey/white matter than someone else, then how many IQ points is that? Cortical glucose metabolic rate There are huge problems with this. Drinking a sugary drink can improve performance on one test (but not another). Cognitive demand and blood glucose Does Thinking Really Hard Burn More Calories? And see my previous citation from Ken Richardson’s book The Making of Intelligence. All of it is quantifiable but not to the point of translation into standardized mathematical model like the WAIS. Meaningless. there are just correlations, nothing concrete. Is there an IQ test for motor function, no but motor function still correlates with it. There was a correlation between Halley’s comet and inflation. Which causes which? Does the appearance of Halley’s comet cause inflation or does inflation cause the appearance of Halley’s comet? It’s the question of the ages. As I said in an earlier comment, most of HBD is just correlations; post hoc, ergo propter hoc. In fact there is actually a theory on individual intelligence differences, with enormous amounts of emprical data to back it up. So explain how and why individuals differ in intelligence, ‘g’ (whatever they are). I’d love to hear it. All of those links on the PFI-T are observations (people do X better than others), not describing a theory of how and why individuals differ in so-called intelligence. Deary and Jensen state there is no such theory; I’ve yet to see anyone articulate such a theory. So this leads us to a very important question: if we don’t know what IQ/intelligence is nor how to define it, then how are we finding ‘genes for intelligence? Now let’s get into the nitty-gritty. Something I’ve been wanting to discuss is the construction of IQ tests. They have been deliberately constructed to exhibit a normal distribution but I will show that psychological traits are not normally distributed below. Furthermore, tests are devised by, as I’m sure you know, trying out the items in advance so that 50 percent of individuals get the answer correct while the smaller amount of items that the testees get are either right or wrong. So as you can see, it’s a forced normal distribution when few biological processes are normally distributed (physiologic processes, for example which ‘g’ supposedly is). Traits that are important to survival are not normally distributed because natural selection produces numerous phenotypes which would be above average. For Whom the Bell Holds: Performance distributions rarely fit a bell curve. The study, “The Best and the Rest: Revisiting the Norm of Normality of Individual Performance” by Ernest O’Boyle Jr. and Herman Aguinis, presents a new paradigm for understanding why applying a normal distribution, that assumes the majority of individuals will perform in an “average” manner, does not present an accurate picture of the way that individual performance unfolds in an organization. In fact, as some of us may witness in our own organizations, the findings of this research provide evidence that the majority of work is carried out by a small number of people that out-perform the rest. Thus, the “picture of performance” is better represented by a Paretian distribution, which resembles the shape of a ski slope, where under-performers are at the upper most starting point of the slope and high performers are at the tip of the end. The Best and the Rest: Revisiting the Norm of Normality of Individual Performance Without that normal distribution, things start to crumble… IQ tests are constructed with the knowledge of who is going to be more ‘intelligent’ than another. One thing that shows that IQ tests are tests of social class is the Flynn Effect. The rise in IQ scores coincides with the rise in the middle class. This also coincides with the fact that Flynn himself has said that the Effect is more noticeable on Raven’s Matrices (Richardson, 2002). Variance in IQ scores are explained by numerous socio-cognitive factors which differentially prepare individuals for said tests. Correlations between IQ and SES are meaningless too by the way (read Richardson, 2002). And while that paper on individual differences and behavior/’intelligence’ is interesting, it does not articulate a theory of why individuals differ in so-called general intelligence. I’ll have more comments on that paper later. Richard Haier writes: “The results indicate that g-scores derived from different test batteries do not necessarily have equivalent neuro-anatomical substrates, suggesting that identifying a “neuro-g” will be difficult.” Gray matter and intelligence factors: Is there a neuro-g? “Neuroimaging such as fMRI? There have been problems with fMRI.” I’m aware but the bug that had been in the system for 15 years only occurred in AFNI and it only effects activation mapping studies not other methods like MVPA or DFC. 70% chance of finding at least one false positive does not mean that “70% of positives are false. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/neuroskeptic/2016/07/07/false-positive-fmri-mainstream/#.Wd6L0GhSyM_ “Not really: We demonstrated that estimation of CT was not consistent across methods. In addition, among SBM methods, there was considerable variation in the spatial pattern of CT-cognition relationships. Finally, within each SBM method, results did not replicate in matched subsamples. Nevertheless, the lack of replicability found in the literature could be extended to other relevant psychological variables, particularly when complex behaviors are considered.” Yes really: Do you have a link to that study without a paywall? I’ve been trying to read it. Interestingly, I had noticed that the authors made a prior paper discussing P-FIT theory before, but I think they had changed the parameter they were criticizing to only cortical thickness the following year. Either way i have a study that was made after that analysis so it isn’t affected by the reproducibility problem(yet) and it uses Multi- voxel pattern analysis so It isn’t affected by any kind of bug either. Wow would you look at that it still confirms GMA as a real neurological concept “Based on the available evidence, we hypothesized that diverse CCAs are all positively but only weakly associated with rGMV in widespread brain areas. To test this hypothesis, we used the data from a large sample of healthy young adults [776 males and 560 females; mean age: 20.8 years, standard deviation (SD) = 0.8] and investigated associations between rGMV and scores on multiple CCA tasks (including non-verbal reasoning, verbal working memory, Stroop interference, and complex processing speed tasks involving spatial cognition and reasoning). Better performance scores on all tasks except non-verbal reasoning were associated with greater rGMV across widespread brain areas. The effect sizes of individual associations were generally low, consistent with our previous studies. The lack of strong correlations between rGMV and specific CCAs, combined with stringent corrections for multiple comparisons, may lead to different and diverse findings in the field.” And on top of that it even addresses your Martinez paper! “it was concluded that although some areas in the frontal lobe (Brodmann area 10) and parietal lobe (Brodmann area 39, 40) were often significantly associated with psychometric intelligence (50% of studies), almost all brain areas analyzed showed some level of correlation with psychometric intelligence in at least some studies” “his study found that different preprocessing methods led to divergent results in a sample of approximately 40 subjects; however, even if the same method was applied, results differed in the replication sample. Therefore, the sources of these inconsistencies are currently unclear. However, many previous studies also included relatively small sample sizes (N < 100) compared to more recent structural studies and thus lacked statistical power. In addition to low effect size and statistical power, it is also possible that the multiple areas showing significant associations with CCA in different studies are in fact functionally associated with diverse CCAs. A series of recent studies using huge sample sizes (N > several hundred) of young adults showed that associations between individual aspects of cognition and regional gray matter structure were generally low16. Moreover, our previous study on simple processing speed involving several hundred subjects showed that performance was positively correlated with widespread regional white matter volume (rWMV) across different simple processing speed tasks; furthermore, the strengths of the associations were generally low and no single area showed significant specific correlations between rWMV and simple processing speed. Based on these considerations, we hypothesized that diverse CCAs are all positively associated with rGMV in widespread areas but that each association is weak.” Essentially indicating that g is a real phenomenon and that the variability of results is actually expected. “In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several groups began exploring the impacts of removing portions of the sensory inputs. Michael Merzenich and Jon Kaas and Doug Rasmusson used the cortical map as their dependent variable. They found—and this has been since corroborated by a wide range of labs—that if the cortical map is deprived of its input it will become activated at a later time in response to other, usually adjacent inputs. At least in the somatic sensory system, in which this phenomenon has been most thoroughly investigated, JT Wall and J Xu have traced the mechanisms underlying this plasticity. Re-organization is not cortically emergent, but occurs at every level in the processing hierarchy; this produces the map changes observed in the cerebral cortex” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortical_map#cite_note-Wall_et_al_2002-2 Ad ignoratiam Modus Tollens. Plus, that same study states directly afterward: “These changes may reflect important transitions from childhood to adulthood. Moreover, change in cortical thickness is only one aspect of cortical development; the surface area of the cortex is also of importance (Raznahan, Shaw, et al. 2011). Interestingly, changes in cortical surface area in relation to intelligence have not been studied in longitudinal designs in man, despite the fact that changes in the surface area may be as relevant to intelligence as those in cortical thickness have proven to be. Therefore, we examined the relationship between intelligence and cortical development, defined as changes in cortical thickness and surface over time in healthy human subjects” “Thus, similar to the relationship between intelligence and cortical thickness, it is a greater change in cortical surface over time that is related to higher IQ rather than the absolute surface area: It is the individuals with highest IQ who showed the largest changes in the surface area during development.” Essentially proving that intelligence and its mechanics(the brain) are sensory-experience dependent https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denying_the_antecedent I don’t know how many IQ points that is but you could figure out how many neurons that is. Actually you could figure it out for IQ too possibly but there is no way it would be completely accurate. Also “its just a correlation” is a weak excuse. Please explain, when does a correlation become causal? We know that learning increases Neural connetions and brain volume so does excerise we know the correlations flow in both directions so this implies causality. “Aerobic exercise promotes adult neurogenesis by increasing the production of neurotrophic factors (compounds that promote growth or survival of neurons), such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).” “Magnetic resonance images were obtained at three different time points while medical students learned for their medical examination. During the learning period, the gray matter increased significantly in the posterior and lateral parietal cortex bilaterally. These structural changes did not change significantly toward the third scan during the semester break 3 months after the exam. The posterior hippocampus showed a different pattern over time: the initial increase in gray matter during the learning period was even more pronounced toward the third time point. These results indicate that the acquisition of a great amount of highly abstract information may be related to a particular pattern of structural gray matter changes in particular brain areas.” They differ because of natural variation in Neuronal connections, the efficiency, the size, the density etc. these differences can of course be attributed to different experiences, and differences in genetics., they all have an affect on cognition and this has been shown multiple times. Read the paper[s], maybe you’ll understand better, In fact as mugabe says “still waiting”. You’ve yet to respond to my paper on macacues nor have you actually read any of my links. They all show neurological correlates with g, and its going to take more than hand waiving and half truths to make them go away. Jensen wouldn’t know shit about Neurology. You haven’t heard of such a theory because you haven’t researched at all. I literally only had to look at wikipedia to find Pfit theory. It is the dominant theory in neuroscience on individual intelligence differences. “Something I’ve been wanting to discuss is the construction of IQ tests. They have been deliberately constructed to exhibit a normal distribution but I will show that psychological traits are not normally distributed below.” Jesus christ, no shit. Go argue with some HBDer who thinks intelligence is normally distributed because I don’t. I would actually argue that 99.99999% of biological traits are not normally distributed. This is why people who say over representation is evidence of jewish conspiracy, are fucking retarded. “One thing that shows that IQ tests are tests of social class is the Flynn Effect.” . “Correlations between IQ and SES are meaningless too by the way (read Richardson, 2002).” Those statements contradict eachother “And while that paper on individual differences and behavior/’intelligence’ is interesting,” “it does not articulate a theory of why individuals differ in so-called general intelligence.” LMAO, as do these. And it does explain the differences in g you just didn’t read it as usual! That’s nice, but what Haier was trying to accomplish was establishing a more concrete framework for scientists to build future studies on, which in fact they did as a majority of my links were using the necessary corrections that richard haier suggested in that paper, which you would know if you had actually read any of them. Even then, his study still showed good evidence for neuroanatomical g in regards to spatial ability Damn, I forgot about this blog since days. Not only, I didn’t get a response for my post but also, I don’t even need to argue against the afrocentrist and the blacked centrist, you’re doing it better than me for that Melo, great job! They can’t argue against recent studies, that’s why they ignore your recent studies, I don’t even care about old studies that I use to back me up anymore, recent are enough and establish well how races should be ranked going by intelligence. Nature is racist Which post didn’t you get a response to? Do you remember his retarded tirade in French that’s in the trash? Oh yea. I’ll run it through a translator and respond to it by the weekend. I can’t guarantee that Google will be able to detect the language though. His French is illiterate. Lol! Yeah don’t waste my time and share your insights elsewhere. They ignore your studies because they can’t respond to it, you’re doing the gods work debunking those “facts denier”. I know that one of them is black but the other is probably Indian or Mexican, that’s why they can’t accept facts What “facts” do I not accept? Why do you assume motivation? You know what’s fallacious right? I too am aware. I was going to ninja-edit my comment with Neuroskeptic’s article but said F it since I knew you’d cite it. I am well aware. Did anything in my previous comment imply that I believed that? Please do not insult my intellect. Thank you. Yes really: Do you have a link to that study without a paywall? Libgen busts through paywalls. Input the captcha. In regards to the brain-imaging studies you cite, scroll to pg. 162 and read Norgate and Richardson’s (2007) response to Jung and Haier (2007): Finally, we note that their whole model is based on a feedforward model of higher cerebral functions, which many would argue is outmoded. Looking for simple deterministic bases of intelligence variation does not reflect how the dynamics of the brain work (Freeman 2001). Having evolved to deal with changeable environments, cognitive systems must wring predictability from deep structures in the dynamic flow of information using massive reciprocal connections and cooperative processing between centres. This suggests quite different foundations for a theory of intelligent systems (Richardson 2006). Intelligent systems is something that we must discuss in the context of this discussion. but that each association is weak. How weak? How much of the variance in ‘CCA’ does it explain? If it’s anything like these new ‘genes for’ IQ studies explaining ~4 percent of the variance, then who cares? Is a low variance something to rejoice over? I contest this. I wrote: Further, we have problems figuring out what the connections between 302 neurons in a roundworm; we don’t know what all of the connections do. So if we have trouble figuring that out, something so ‘simple’, what do you think the human brain—with its tens of billions of neurons and trillions of connections—will take to unlock ‘the code’? It was a question; I wasn’t stating that it wasn’t possible, just stating a truism: we have problems with such a ‘simple brain’ with so few neurons. Then expand that to the human brain with billions of neurons and trillions of connections. Not fallacious. I did not state that we would never know; just that with the current state of knowledge, there is a long, long road ahead. I didn’t assume anything to be true just because something has yet to be proven false. I just made a statement of fact. Modus Tollens. What are you Modus Tollens’ing? What you replied to was not an argument, it was a statement. Modus Tollens is as follows: P1: If X is true then Y is true. P2: Y is false. C1: Therefore X is false. Where did I deny the antecedent? Please use syllogistic logic. If p, then q. Not p. Therefore, not q. Where did I use this argument form? By the way, denying the antecedent is sometimes a legitamate argumentative strategy. Anyways, here is the conclusion: These findings suggest that intelligence is more related to the magnitude and timing of brain changes during development than to brain structure per se. The presence of cortical changes at all ages covered by this study also suggests that the development of the cortex is never completed, but rather continues to change depending on someone’s intelligence. I would also add the fact that differing experiences would cause differences in brain volume/matter/thickness/etc as well. Speaking of development, we need to discuss intelligent development/systems as well. I disagree. See the conclusion (and my addition) that would affect these things as well. I don’t know how many IQ points that is but you could figure out how many neurons that is. If you knew how many neurons it was then would you know exactly how many IQ points it would be? Actually you could figure it out for IQ too possibly but there is no way it would be completely accurate. So what is the point if it would not be completely accurate? Imagine that weighing people had a huge margin of error and that it did not accurately depict weight at that point in time. Imagine if stadiometers had such wide variation and there were huge differences in measured height in, say, a few weeks between measures. Would that be a useful measure? One of my points about this so-called physiologial ‘g’ thing is this: if it is physiological, then 1) what are the causes and 2) if we find these causes, then, going back to my question, if someone had say less white matter than someone else, how many IQ points is that? ‘g’ is supposed to be ‘physiological’. But the way that ‘g’ is proposed does not fit any other physiological process that we know in the body! Also “its just a correlation” is a weak excuse. Please explain, when does a correlation become causal? Well for one, when one of the correlated values is controlled for and the correlation is still robust. And correlation is not really significant for causation too. Also see what the APA says: Inferring causality from nonrandomized designs is a risky enterprise. Researchers using nonrandomized designs have an extra obligation to explain the logic behind covariates included in their designs and to alert the reader to plausible rival hypotheses that might explain their results. Even in randomized experiments, attributing causal effects to any one aspect of the treatment condition requires support from additional experimentation. Statistical Methods in Psychology Journals: Guidelines and Explanations We know that learning increases Neural connetions and brain volume so does excerise we know the correlations flow in both directions so this implies causality. As I said earlier, I know this. I wrote an article on this: Exercise, Longetivity, and Cognitive Ability Just because exercise improves cognitive ability—from more oxygenation to the brain to bring up one example—doesn’t prove that there is a bio-basis to ‘g’. 1) I’m not handwaving. 2) They’re not ‘half-truths’. I do understand it. Re macaques: provide the main quote that backs your assertion. I read the paper twice. The first sentence from the abstract: “Primates display a remarkable ability to adapt to novel situations.” Primates display this remarkable ability to adapt to novel situations due to intelligent systems/physiology. This evolved due to the changeability of the environment and evolved due to organisms encountering novel and challenging environments. Thinking about the homeodynamic-ness of our physiology and how it evolved. Thus, it’s not about ‘variations in genes’, but it’s about how an organism can respond to novel, ever-changing environment. See the response from Norgate and Richardson (as well as the others). Neurology deals with disorders of the nervous system. Sure it’s the dominant theory, just like the CI/CO model is the dominant theory in obesity research. I do concede that the Jensen quote was 9 years before the Haier and Jung study. See the numerous commentaries on the paper and we can discuss that as well (currently reading through them). Are you serious? IQ tests are constructed with the assumption that human psychological traits rest on a bell curve! The book is not called “The Bell Curve” for nothing! Psych traits aren’t normally distributed; so if psych traits are not normally distributed, then the assumption that IQ scores lie on a ‘bell curve’ (like all other psych traits) is incorrect. “One thing that shows that IQ tests are tests of social class is the Flynn Effect.” No they do not. “You didn’t read the paper”, so you wouldn’t know. The idea that IQ is, in effect, simply a measure of social class (here viewed as degree of sociocognitive-affective preparedness for IQ tests) is sometimes dismissed with reference to other correlations between IQ and socioeconomic status (SES) (Brody, 1997; Mackintosh, 1998). For example, Jensen (1998) says that IQ is only moderately associated with actual SES ratings, with typical correlations of only .3–.4 for children, and that IQ is a better predictor of adult social status than parents’ SES (therefore, that IQ is measuring something more than mere SES). As Jensen (1998) puts it, ‘SES is an effect of IQ rather than a cause’ (p. 491). The problem with this line of argument is that of assuming that parents’ SES, defined almost always as current occupation, income or level of education, is itself a precision measure of social class. On the contrary, as Mills (1995) explains, ‘The economic and social factors are one thing: psychological feelings may or may not be associated with them in expected ways’ (p. 208). As Suzuki and Valencia (1997) concur, what parents ‘do’ is more important than ‘what they are’. Social class is a compound of the cultural tools (knowledge and cognitive and psycholingustic structures) individuals are exposed to; and beliefs, values, academic orientations, self-efficacy beliefs, and so on. Such factors are consistently better predictors of IQ and attainments than is SES (Martinez, 2000). Mackintosh (1998) reviews a number of studies showing that parental ‘attitudes’ to education and achievement are better predictors of children’s IQ than is SES. (pg. 298) This idea is supported by what has become known as the ‘Flynn effect’, after surveys showing the steady rise in average IQ scores in many populations over recent decades (Flynn, 1998; Neisser, 1998). This is a continuing puzzle to g theorists because it could not be due to genetic changes over the short period in question. And as Flynn (1998) notes, ‘IQ gains have not been accompanied by an escalation of real world cognitive skills . . . an evolution from widespread retardation to normalcy, or from normalcy to widespread giftedness’ (p. 61). These leaps in average IQs do, however, correspond to the demographic swelling of the middle classes over the period in question. This means greater exposure to middle-class cultural tools, improved self-esteem and self-confidence, as well as more specific] symbolic and technological procedures (Greenfield, 1998). This explanation for the Flynn effect is also supported by the fact that it is more prominent with non-verbal tests like the RPM than with verbal tests (Flynn, 1998). (pg. 297) What IQ Tests Test—Ken Richardson (2002) Please excuse my previous miswording. No it doesn’t. Why do individuals differ in ‘intelligence’, this ‘mystical g’? What is the reason?? And what do you mean ‘as usual? I read everything that people provide me in discussions. Just because I don’t accept your arguments does not mean that I did not read the papers. I’m asking you to artculate a theory of how and why individuals differ in so-called ‘g’. Also re P-FIT: The authors, as well as several commentators on the theory, however, noted the considerable heterogeneity in the findings of the various studies included in the review. Many brain regions were implicated by a small percentage of the studies, whereas relatively few were identified by more than 50% of the studies (Colom, 2007). Intelligence: New Findings and Theoretical Developments Correct, ‘it is nice’. Anyway, the commentary from Norgate and Richardson is apt here. I think I was talking to Afro. ?? Is that the only but information you’ve taken from these texts? Sad. I’ve provided conclusive studies linked to pfit theory after nisbett et al(2012) Please provide relevant citations. No. This is dishonest of you. The majority of your studies showed that TBI was associated with lower IQ’s. “normal range” is 90-110. I did, and if you understood my point you’d realize that this shows intelligence is seated in the brain. “intelligence” are thoughts and actions which are generated by neurons, the more efficient the communication of nuerons is between parts of the brain, the more intelligent it is. “The oscillations are generated by rhythmic GABA-ergic inhibitory activity in interneurons with an extraordinarily high metabolic rate. The hubs are richly endowed with interneurons and therefore highly vulnerable to disturbed energy supply. Consequently, deficient paralimbic activity and self-awareness are characteristic features of many disorders with impaired oxygen homeostasis. Such disorders may therefore be treated unconventionally by targeting interneuron function.:” A very interesting study on self awareness and the brain. ” after I reread all the studies you cited.” You never read them to begin with. Well yes the fact that you presented it as a bigger deal than it was and tried to hand wave 15 years of research because of some cognitive dissonance. I don’t think you’re stupid RR. I wouldn’t converse with you if I thought you were. ” which many would argue is outmoded.” Like who? “Having evolved to deal with changeable environments, cognitive systems must wring predictability from deep structures in the dynamic flow of information using massive reciprocal connections and cooperative processing between centres. This suggests quite different foundations for a theory of intelligent systems (Richardson 2006).” …..No, it implies our Intelligence would be general in nature, ESPECIALLY if we evolved to survive changing environments. …Well go on. What it’s saying is that multiple parts of the brain are activated for one cognitive task, meaning the brain is interconnected, the low correlation is expected in this sense. Ad ignoratiam because you assume that our ignorance of roundworm neurology means we must be equally ignorant of human nuerology. You assumed that a positive correlation between cortical thickness and intelligence would mean cortical thinning is negatively associated. Which isn’t the case. Yeah sometimes, but not in this case. Yeah, I already said that in a previous comment. Maybe, I feel like it would take complicated math. Maybe pumpkin can help. “So what is the point if it would not be completely accurate?” Because neuroimaging is a better ruler than IQ is. I never contested this. Well for one, when one of the correlated values is controlled for and the correlation is still robust. That only works if there is one causal factor. ” How then can the nervous system be prewired to anticipate the ability to represent such an open class of behaviors? Recent developments in a branch of recurrent neural networks, referred to as reservoir computing, begins to shed light on this question. The novelty of reservoir computing is that the recurrent connections in the network are fixed, and only the connections from these neurons to the output neurons change with learning. The fixed recurrent connections provide the network with an inherent high dimensional dynamics that creates essentially all possible spatial and temporal combinations of the inputs which can then be selected, by learning, to perform the desired task. This high dimensional mixture of activity inherent to reservoirs has begun to be found in the primate cortex. Here we make direct comparisons between dynamic coding in the cortex and in reservoirs performing the same task, and contribute to the emerging evidence that cortex has significant reservoir properties.” Derp derp derp you must of only read that first sentence twice LOL. I did, it’s garbage. DId you know the neural efficiency hypothesis coincides strongly with pfit theory? IQ is a measurement aka a representation not an actual thing. Are you mentally challenged?! The tails of the distribution are fatter and there is a slight lean to the right. Of course intelligence is not a perfect normal distribution. I meant your statements, not the papers. I didn’t read the paper because I’m not fucking talking about SES and IQ. “No it doesn’t. Why do individuals differ in ‘intelligence’, this ‘mystical g’? What is the reason?? ” Communicational efficiency of neurons. “I’m asking you to artculate a theory of how and why individuals differ in so-called ‘g’.”” I have, multiple times. Jesus you’re cancerous. Again, please provide relevant citations. I have presented 2017 studies. We already know what parts of the brain have what function and recovery from brain trauma is even further evidence of causation. I wrote about TBI. I cited a few studies on the IQs of people before and after TBI (severe, and mild-to-severe). Even people with severe TBI don’t see dramatic decreases in IQ as you would predict: TBI can occur with a minimal hit to IQ (Bigler, 1995; Wood and Rutterford, 2006; Crowe et al, 2012). IQs can still be in the average range at a wide range of ages/severities, however the older one is when they suffer a TBI, the more likely it is that they will incur little to no loss in IQ (depending on the severity, and even then they are still in the average range). It is interesting to note that TBI may have been a selective factor in our brain evolution over the past 3 million years from australopithecines to erectus to Neanderthals to us. However, the fact that people with severe TBI can have IQ scores in the normal range shows that the brain size/IQ correlation isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. Traumatic Brain Injury and IQ Even if in the traumatically damaged brain, normal brain size-IQ relations do not hold, as demonstrated previously, there may be some relation to injury severity. For example, a less severe injury should result in less structural damage. Thus, a more normal brain size-IQ relation may be observed in the less severely injured. However, this was not found to be the case. By analyzing the previously cited data by separating patients by their GCS into two groups (see Table 2), one with moderate-to-severe injury (GCS < 9) and the other with mild-to-moderate injury (GCS > 10), no difference in IQ was observed along with no significant correlations between brain size and IQ. Brain morphology and Intelligence See also Wood and Rutterford (2006): Long‐term effect of head trauma on intellectual abilities: a 16‐year outcome study (Table 2 is the relevant table, replicated Bigler et al 1995.) My previous calculation from the worldwide data yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.65 between my IQ estimates and GDP/capita Virtually the same strength as the negative 0.6 correlation between skin color and real GDP per capita (see table 3). Click to access 10.1016%40j.intell.2005.04.002.pdf And unlike the education-GDP correlation, the skin color-GDP correlation is not circular, since GDP doesn’t affect skin color but it does affect education. So an HBDer could apply the exact same logic as Afro but use skin color to estimate IQ instead of education, and if any country scored higher than their skin color predicts, they could dismiss the data as manipulated by politically correct academics, just like Afro claims data that doesn’t fit his simple model is manipulated by racist agendas. You’re just using IQ/skin color as a counter argument and don’t actually believe that skin color causes IQ right? Remember Jensen’s (2006) thoughts on Templer and Arikawa’s (2006) paper. Further, skin color is a proxy for exposure to infectious disease which have a higher correlation with IQ than cold winter and Kanazawa’s Savanna Hypothesis. I’ll bring sources later. Ironically, the skin color/GDP per capita correlation would result in values that match my ranking better than Lynn’s, especially since East Asian countries, who are darker skinned than Europe and North America have lower GDP per capita. But any smart person understands that this correlation is not causal, that environments that select for darker skin also have higher endemic disease burden and lower agricultural productivity, which results in worse nutritional and health outcomes which in turn holds back economic development. More importantly, the outliers are easy to explain, the black Caribbean countries that have much higher GDP per capita also have higher agricultural productivity and lower disease burden, oil-rich countries of all races have their GDP inflated by oil exports and prices and so on. On the contrary, Lynn’s outlying values are strictly restricted to race and his sole explanation is that race causes variation in IQ although no such thing has ever been demonstrated. Lynn’s agenda: https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/richard-lynn By the way here is Ken Richardson’s review of Lynn’s and Vanhanen’s IQ and the Wealth of Nations. In other words, the average IQ of a population is simply an index of the size of its middle class, both of which are results of industrial development. So, an association between IQ and national wealth is hardly surprising, though its causal direction is the opposite of that assumed by L&V. But I would not take the ‘evidence’ presented in this book to serve arguments either way. Of the 185 countries in the sample, ‘direct evidence’ of the ‘national IQ’ is available for only 81! National IQs for 101 countries are simply estimated from ‘most appropriate neighbouring countries’, that is, the ‘known IQs’ (sic) of their ‘racial groups’ (p 72). But, even for most of the others, ‘direct evidence’ is putting it strongly, as even a cursory glance at the motley tests, dates, ages, unrepresentative samples, estimates, and corrections show. A test of 108 9–15-year olds in Barbados, of 50 13–16-year olds in Colombia, of 104 5–17-year olds in Ecuador, of 129 6–12-year olds in Egypt, of 48 10–14-year olds in Equatorial Guinea, and so on, and so on, all taken as measures of ‘national IQ’. I will also be brief on the crude ‘genetic’ model being promoted here. In an age when we know beyond doubt that there are very few truly additive, Mendelian loci for complex traits (Glazier et al, 2002), why is it that psychologists continue to test and report additive-only models? Because the only methods available (twin and adoption studies) are incapable of testing any other model! And why are such estimates of additive gene variance so huge (80% of total IQ variance according to L&V)? Because they are riddled with methodological defects. (The poor empirical standards in this area are really quite shocking, in my view.) On the ‘racial’ categories, upon which this book is fundamentally predicated, see the Editorial in Nature Genetics (24, 97–98, 2002): ‘the concept of race is a social and cultural construction which has no scientific justification in human biology’. This is not so much science, then, as a social crusade. The Pioneer Fund of America, champion of many dubious causes in the past, will obtain little credit from having assisted this one. The myriad corrections and estimates aside, this is a blast from another age, an old-fashioned attempt to give an imperial mindset biological validity. As Binet himself said, when he saw his test being wielded like a dipstick by Anglo-American eugenicists, ‘we must protest against this brutal pessimism’. I wouldn’t claim that Lynn’s data is ‘racist’ (whatever that means), but it is based on hilariously small samples of young children. It is racist, from the simple fact that it uses racial composition to estimate the IQs of countries where data is missing. No one would do it if they’re not claiming that race causes IQ. Otherwise, yes the sampling methodology is very poor in countries for which Lynn claims to have actual data. His values are not replicable and instead of acknowledging the flaws and working on a better methodology to draw conclusions like any honest scholar would do, he stubbornly defends his narrative that fits his well known agenda. that race causes variation in IQ has never been demonstrated? yes. the only things that cause variation in IQ using the above sense of “cause” are a kick in the head, malnutrition, encephalitis, etc. education doesn’t “cause” variation in IQ using “cause” in afro’s sense. the splc isn’t an authority on anything afro. it’s a (((front))). everyone in the US knows this. It does, it teaches test-taking and logic skills that influence one’s attitude to IQ tests. Authority or not, they quote Lynn’s very words and report mere facts. If you read the page, you can’t point to anything that’s made up. But any smart person understands that this correlation is not causal. no. but a dumb person would say such a thing. the claim is that skin color is strongly correlated with genetic variation which is causal. This claim is dumb. hilariously small samples you don’t know what makes a sample large or small, let alone hilariously so. IQ tests themselves are normed on no more than 2,000. please tell us all about the sample variance and sample mean distributions. you can’t. leave the statistics to people who know pro-wrestling is fake. This is not a mere statistician job. Only a demographer could do the professional sampling effort that would be representative of a population. I wouldn’t call it ‘racist’ to estimate country IQs with the IQ from neighboring countries, just sloppy and based just on mainly on temperature/skin color correlations. I do agree that Lynn stubbornly defends his data and that he it is highly flawed, especially in the case of Equatorial Guinea. That’s not defendable. This is racist because there are other correlates of IQ like disease, education or GDP/capita that could be used to estimate countries where data is missing. Using race instead of those variables is an ideologically motivated choice. you’re pathetic afro. you don’t even understand your own arguments let alone mine. you really are just an affirmative action lamp shade. now afro is contradicting himself. he believes genetic variation within races causes variation in IQ scores, but not between races. please don’t quote (((lewontin))). he’s been shown to be a fraud by hsu and many others. “Hsu and many others” Okay lol. No Lewontin’s fallacy is a myth, his point is valid. But those correlates (disease/education) would, in effect, be proxies for ancestry/race anyway. Not necessarily, because there is a high degree of variation among countries of the same race. No one would guess Jamaican or Barbadian data from Nigerian values or Chinese ones from Japanese one. Doing it is assuming that Jamaicans and Barbadians as well as Chinese and Japanese must have the same IQs because they belong to the same race and race is the only relevant variable in national IQ. correlation is not causal. Most HBD theories are post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacies. True. However infectious disease can be a better proxy than race for a geographic area. Like, compared to Africa, there is a low disease burden in East Asia. Yes, but if you go in more detail and look at disease burden and other quality of life variables in China, Mongolia and North Korea, IQs above 100 just do not add up. Actually when data was missing Lynn typically used the IQs of neighboring countries to estimate the country’s IQ, not race. Neighboring countries reflect not only race, but living standards and culture. Only in a minority of cases (i.e. mixed race countries) was race used and even then, he typically based the estimates on the IQs of co-ethnics in neighboring countries because he understood that members of the same race differ enormously depending on what part of the World the’re in (i.e. black in Africa average 67 but blacks in the U.S. average in the 80s; even without white admixture) environments that select for darker skin also have higher endemic disease burden and lower agricultural productivity, which results in worse nutritional and health outcomes Which is yet another reason why your article is so silly. By estimating IQ entirely from the effect of schooling on IQ, you ignore the enormous role of health and nutrition on brain development and IQ test performance. Lack of schooling can not at all explain why black South Africans score below IQ 70 even before they leave school, however poor health, nutrition and disease might largely explain why black Africans scores 18 points below black Americans (even before either group drop drops out of school). No he didn’t ignore these factors, because his correlation also correlate with HDI, can you into thinking pumpskinperson? Btw, I posted some studies to you, you responded to none. I guess that you just can’t respond to them. Actually when data was missing Lynn typically used the IQs of neighboring countries to estimate the country’s IQ, not race. No, that’s why he did not estimate Haiti’s IQ based on the Dominican Republic. He gave Haiti an African score based on race. You’re silly. Those things that affect brain development affect education just as much as they can affect IQ test performance, so years of education are still the best proxy for cognitive performance. You’re aware that you’re referring to apartheid-era South Africans right, an era when schooling for blacks was poor. My estimates are drawn from 2015 data, that’s more than 20 years later. You’re just using IQ/skin color as a counter argument and don’t actually believe that skin color causes IQ right? Causation is irrelevant to my point. Afro’s argument is that education correlates highly with national IQ, and predicts GDP per capita, so we should be very suspicious when a country’s reported IQ doesn’t match its education level. Well skin color correlates even better with national IQ than education does, and predicts GDP per capita about as well as education does, so by Afro’s own logic, we should be suspicious when a country’s IQ doesn’t match its skin color. Of course Afro will say that the education correlation is causal and the skin color correlation is just a byproduct of tropical disease, but that’s just an assumption. No one has proved that tropical disease entirely explains the correlation between skin color and IQ; at best they’ve found it correlates better with national IQ than skin color does, but that’s to be expected because disease is both a product (i.e. sanitation skills) and a cause of IQ , while race is at best just a cause. Further no one has proven that education is the only cause of national IQ differences and indeed this is debunked by the fact that samples from low IQ countries score very low even when everyone is still in school. so we should be very suspicious when a country’s reported IQ doesn’t match its education level. No, we should only be suspicious when mismatch only follows a specific racial pattern and that race is claimed to be the reason for this mismatch. Because, if one claims (as Lynn does) that IQ is the cause of differences in GDP, HDI, and education, then you need to explain why so many black countries have much better outcomes than expected from Lynn-estimated countries and why Mongolia, China or North Korea do so poorly. Outliers are not a problem unless you can account for the difference with variables whose role in IQ satisfyingly demonstrated. No one has proved that tropical disease entirely explains the correlation between skin color and IQ It’s been proven that tropical disease depresses IQ, it hasn’t been proven that skin color does. So when a stronger correlation whose causal role is well established has about the same global distribution as skin color or yam consumption, you conclude that that those latter variables are coincidental. at best they’ve found it correlates better with national IQ than skin color does, but that’s to be expected because disease is both a product (i.e. sanitation skills) and a cause of IQ , while race is at best just a cause. Lower correlations are logically expected to be a byproduct of stronger correlations. Various HBD scholars have claimed reverse causality, that IQ causes variation in education and that it is the most important cause. Whatever the causal direction, you’re still facing the same mismatches that need to be explained. IQ differences while still in school do not debunk the causal role of education. Lower IQ samples will simply have a lower school life expectancy, because they learn little and drop out early. These samples are just snapshots that lack the quality of longitudinal measurements. Your own matrix shows national IQs correlate 0.79 with national education. By contrast national skin color correlates 0.91 with national IQ: So skin color is a better proxy for IQ at the national level than education is. As an HBD denier you might argue that the education correlation is more causal, but now that you’ve implied the cause of the IQ-education correlation is disease stunting both IQ and education, rather than low education stunting IQ, that argument no longer makes sense, nor do your IQ calculations, which were based on the effect of schooling on IQ, not the effect of disease on both. Then why the hell are using 2015 IQ estimates to debunk Lynn’s 20th century IQ data? Your article is a HOT MESS! National IQ as measured by Lynn, which proves nothing. If you had read my article, you’d have noticed this part: Pupils are held back by poor health and nutrition resulting in developmental delays, tuition fees and supplies that poor families can’t afford, war, population displacement, absent educational resources at home, low parental education, lack of transportation, child labor, excessive use of grade repetition, mismatch between school curricula and daily life demands and many other factors. Because I haven’t read Lynn or any HBDer warning that those values were not valid anymore as of 2015. Keep calm peepee and read that post I wrote for you on the history of Africa. It’s been proven that tropical disease depresses IQ, Show me the proof. it hasn’t been proven that skin color does The single best study on race and IQ (the Minnesota trans-racial adoption study) found that being black depressed IQ by about 15 points, and being half black depressed IQ by about 7 points, even when the kids were raised in a white upper class home, and in the case of half-blacks, born in a white womb. And while the study has admittedly not been replicated, and could not control for all confounds, I have yet to see a single controlled study so precisely quantifying the effect of disease load on IQ. If they exist I’m happy to read them. Click to access 00b7d53a2c6e161af0000000.pdf Click to access Parasite-Prevalence-and-the-Worldwide-Distribution-of-Cognitive-Ability.pdf The minnesota study, as well as other adoption studies have their flaws discussed and corrected here: Maybe if you looked at the specific studies Lynn was citing, and the education level and nutrition level AT THE TIME WHEN THE STUDY WAS DONE, his numbers would make more sense. Keep it together peepee, it’s not my job to do it. It’s Lynn’s job to list all the possible confounding variables before jumping to the conclusion that race explains the differences in IQ and then writing whole books and giving conferences about it. They’re the only direct measurements we’ve got. Glad you admitted the correlation was not causal There was also no warning not to eat the book. Some thing are understood No, not really, other researchers have come up with different results by applying a systematic sample selection method. Lynn’s values are unreplicable and most are not even direct measurments. Educational attainment is caused by many factors and is the best predictor of IQ that one can find. Regardless of pupil characteristics, keeping them in school and learning longer is supposed to increase their IQ as it happened in Norway without simultaneous nutritional or health changes. No, specifying the date of an estimate is one basic procedure in demographic statistics. But Lynn couldn’t do it since he aggregates studies from different decades or estimates IQ without having national samples at all. You should stop pumpskinperson, it’s humiating for you. Lynn’s data is disproved, not valid anymore. You’ve nothing credible anymore to hold your position AS A FACT beside a theory, your dogmatism should be over. Theories explain observations. Just because something is “only a theory” doesn’t disprove it. If that were the case, then the theory of evolution would be in huge trouble. Keep it together peepee, You’re the one resorting to childish name calling (“peepee”), not me. I merely used capital letters because I’m too lazy to use italics. it’s not my job to do it. It’s not your job to do any of this, but if you’re genuinely interested in getting to the truth, reading the studies Lynn cites would be a good start. You’re the one resorting to childish name calling (“peepee”), not me. And what else do you think your desperate attitude deserves? Feel lucky you’re not censored on this blog like I am on yours. I merely used capital letters because I’m too lazy to use italics. Sure, you’re just triggered. Please, I’ve done it more than you, we all know what type of samples he mostly uses in Africa: sick, disabled, undernourished or illiterate people, or apartheid school children. Lol. I know the truth, you are the one who shields himself from it and ignoring the simple fact that Lynn treats all these samples as normal and representative. The minnesota study, as well as other adoption studies have their flaws discussed and corrected here At least the Minnesota study had a quasi-experimental design. The studies you cite on disease load are merely correlational. The Minnesota study has no info on the biological IQ of the parents, so no genetic inference can be made. So that’s far from quasi-experimental and that’s not a replicated study. This study clearly explains the process by which malaria impairs brain function: http://www.ajtmh.org/docserver/fulltext/14761645/64/1_suppl/tmed_64-01-0068.pdf?expires=1506988122&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=5690FFBF39A58AC1599297B947060165 No, not really, other researchers have come up with different results by applying a systematic sample selection method. Only for sub-Saharan Africa. I know of no other worldwide data base on directly measured national IQs, other than Lynn’s. Lynn’s values are unreplicable and most are not even direct measurments. Except in the cases of estimates which he clearly states are estimates, they are directly measured Educational attainment is caused by many factors and is the best predictor of IQ that one can find. You have no way of knowing if it’s a good predictor at the national level, because you reject the only international IQ data base we have (lynn’s); within countries it’s hardly better than predicting height from weight as I documented above. The point is anomalies and mismatches are to be expected and accusing Lynn of racism every time you find a mismatch does not advance the debate, especially when you haven’t even read his sources. No, specifying the date of an estimate is one basic procedure in demographic statistics. Not in this type of research. For example one of the most famous data bases in anthropology is the Smith and Beals database on 20,000 crania from all over the World, that is constantly cited in population research, and those crania form ethnic aggregates from many different decades. Rindermann has done it in South-East Asia, Malloy has done it in South-East Asia and the Caribbean, they both had vastly different estimates from Lynn’s. That doesn’t make them nationally representative. Especially when he aggregates data from different decades. My estimates have a correlation of 0.79 with Lynn’s, which makes them a good predictor of Lynn’s IQ. The major difference is that my estimates correlate more strongly with development variables and do not result in outliers that owe their scores to their racial composition. LOL! that 1984 study only has 326 citations. No one would calculate height, weight or any other variables this way. This is trash research, nothing that meets scientific standards. Theories explain observations. Just because something is “only a theory” doesn’t disprove it. Thanks RR! No problem. That’s one of my biggest pet peeves. “X is “only a theory”, therfore Y is false.” Nothing irks me more, science wise, then to hear that. They know the education levels of the biological mothers and you seem to think that’s a good proxy for IQ. And is there any reason to suspect black and mixed race couples who give their kids for adoption are more below their racial average than whites who give their kids for adoption? This study clearly explains the process by which malaria impairs brain function I don’t doubt it, but claiming disease entirely explains the skin color IQ correlation is such an extreme claim that you need a study that can precisely quantify the effect size They know the education levels of the biological mothers and you seem to think that’s a good proxy for IQ. Paternal IQ matters too if you claim it’s genetic. Anyway, the decreased IQ is just a statistical artifact as the study I linked to demonstrates. So no, the adopted children did not regress to a biological potential. And is there any reason to suspect black and mixed race couples who give their kids for adoption are more below their racial average than whites who give their kids for adoption? Of course, the wish of every parent is to raise their children, only socio-economic hardships lead to give up children to adoption and these hardships are said to correlate with IQ. No, you just need common sense, both variables virtually have the same geographic distribution, but one (disease burden) correlates more strongly to IQ, so the second (skin color) whose causal role in IQ has not been demonstrated is coincidental, as would be yam consumption. I never stated that a theory is wrong, just that pumpskinperson is pretty dogmatic on something not fully proven. Exactly. Not proven at all actually. I literally never stated that kind of thing! There is difference between discussing about a theory and being dogmatic about it. Please RR do not misinterrpret me like that. But that doesn’t explain why the white adopted kids scored about 7 points higher than the mixed race adopted kids who scored about 7 points higher than the black adopted kids. All three had biological parents who gave them up for adoption; the only difference was race. I thought you said correlations with Lynn’s IQ data proved nothing, but when the correlation supports your case, you cite them. And yet you seem to be mistaken. According to the 2010 paper Parasite prevalence and the worldwide distribution of cognitive ability by Christopher Eppig et al, parasite load correlates -0.82 with national IQ which is weaker than the -0.92 correlation between average skin darkness and national IQ ( Templer & Arikawa, 2006). However you’re correct that in Eppig et al’s study, parasite load correlated better with IQ than winter temperature (a weaker measure of ancestral climate than skin color), however they still found that winter temperature predicted some of the IQ variance independently of parasite load and all other variables in the study. You know what didn’t have independent predictive power in their study? Education. So yes, parasite load explains the lion’s share of the variance in national IQ differences, but not all of it. The authors concluded that when all other variables are held constant infectious disease is the best predictor of intelligence by a large margin. The effects of years of education are not significant, while temperature and evolutionary novelty seem to have distinct predictive power beyond infectious disease. Of course Lynn already knew disease/nutrition mattered greatly when discussing international IQ differences. He even estimated that black Africans would score over a dozen points higher if reared in the U.S. It wasn’t, age at adoption, pre-adoptive placements, education and income of adoptive parents greatly differed by race. So, no, this Minnesota study, even before the statistical corrections doesn’t make your point at all. Correlations with Lynn’s data prove nothing, but when they’re consistent with other professionally measured socio-economic outcomes they can be taken seriously. I’m especially speaking of the correlations with GDP/Capita, in which case the skin color correlation is coincidental to the disease burden one. Parasites aren’t the only pathogenes whose spread is limited by cold winters, and pathogenes are not the only influence on IQ. It’s no secret that northern countries (as well as Australia, New Zealand, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay) are more developed that tropical ones, so temperature is confounded by many other development variables, like nutrition. I’m quite suspicious of their measure of skin color from a 1967 study. Skin color is not exactly an adaptation to temperature but to UV radiation instead, so skin color isn’t a cold winter theory argument, many dark populations live in and are adapted to cool/cold regions like Ethiopia, Tibet, the Arctic, Southern Africa, the Andes… Even the West and Central African rainforest is somewhat cooler than the East African Savanna. So skin color is not the measure of ancestral temperature that they pretend it is. Because education can’t be an independent variable like temperature or parasites, education doesn’t bite you like a mosquito nor pours on you like the rain. The effects of years of education are not significant, while temperature and evolutionary novelty seem to have distinct predictive power beyond infectious disease. Evolutionary novelty is void of any scientific sense. Cities are “evolutionary novel” for instance, do they account for them? Where in the US? Inner cities? Suburbs? Rural Areas? Mississippi? Massachusetts? Evolutionary novelty, re distance from the Savanna (Kanazawa’s hypothesis) was disproven in that study by Eppig et al. They also noted that Wicherts et al (2010) falsified the Savanna hypothesis as well. You also have to remember that certain evolutionarily novel environments would have fewer parasites due to a certain ecosystem (parasite load being lower in northern latitudes, for instance). Why do you say that, RR? They write: while temperature and evolutionary novelty seem to have distinct predictive power beyond infectious disease. In other words even after controlling for disease, both evolutionary novelty and winter temperature both independently predict a nation’s IQ. That’s pretty amazing because evolutionary novelty and cold winters must be so highly correlated, that it’s amazing that each one has independent predictive power But they found evolutionary novelty predicted national IQ independently of parasite load, and so did cold climates. yes afro. lewontin is a fraud. this is why it is possible to identify someone’s race from his genome with 100% accuracy. there is structure to a set of genomes in addition to its allele frequencies, a correlational structure. but this is math. i know in france the education is very specialized, so you’ve probably only learned up to third grade math in the US. peepee had to tell you what a correlation was. sad! the very fact that 100% of the evidence is consistent with the dumb negro theory is damning. afro can argue that the evidence is not dispositive. but the fact that there is to date zero evidence which disproves the dumb negro theory…afro can’t grasp the importance of this. it’s too “meta” for him. sad! show me bahamian blacks score higher than croatian whites and your case looks better. show me moldovans score lower than ghanaians. why are all of the facts, all, evidence for the prosecution afro? the defense has zero evidence. all it has is questioning the relevance of the prosecution’s evidence. afro is mounting what is called “the oj defense”. Johnnie Cochran: You see, the prosecution, they’re desperate! Yeah, they’re grabbing at anything! They keep telling everyone – Ms. Clark, the press – that the defense has been playing the “race” card! The “race” card! But what you don’t hear – and I can’t believe the press hasn’t mentioned this – that, all the while, the prosecution has been playing the “evidence” card. Yeah! Oh, yeah! Day in, day out! “Your Honor, we have this ‘evidence’ that we’d like to present!” “We have a witness who will clearly explain this ‘evidence’!” You follow the pattern? Evidence here, evidence there, evidence eveywhere! But that’s not what this case is about! To Ron Burgundy: “show me bahamian blacks score higher than croatian whites and your case looks better.” I don’t know about Croatian whites scoring lower, but; the average measured IQ in Croatia is about 90. https://iq-research.info/en/page/average-iq-by-country/hr-croatia And the average iq in the Bahamas is 93. The Bahamas is 90% black (the other non-black 10% of the population being/containing a mix of whites, mulattos, and South Asians/East Indians). Assuming the aforementioned remaining 10% of non-black Bahamians has an average iq of 100, the black majority would have to be at least about 90-1 in iq—and it’s not even entirely certain that the non-black fraction scores higher at all—(but since the mix of groups making up the non-black 10% likely has an iq a bit/somewhat lower than 100, the black fraction’s iq likely is more like 91-92). So Bahamian blacks and Croatian whites appear to score about the same (or the former possibly a little higher). HDI would be a better matching variable since it reflects living conditions better than GDP/Capita. Croatia has a higher HDI than all these high income Caribbean countries, Moldova a higher HDI than Ghana. Moldova is an ex-Soviet republic with much better health and education infrastructure inherited from the USSR and no tropical disease. It’s economy shrank due to transition to capitalism and loss of Russian support. Anyway, those black Caribbean countries compare favorably to Croatia in education and IQ despite lower HDI. Trinidad and Tobago has better PISA scores than more comparable countries like much whiter Argentina and Brazil. Mugabe can’t think. Sad! should be: “black majority would have to be at least about 90-91” Also, it is notable that Malaria is much lower (almost non-existant, though it was higher in earlier times) in the Bahamas, (and education widespread) both also being true of Bermuda, see link below—(though some other diseases that possibly could have depressive effects on iq—though perhaps to a lesser extent—still exist to some degree in the Bahamas). Edit: “I don’t know about Croatian whites scoring lower (possibly slightly lower, or they might score about the same), but…” Jm8, you’re comparing IQs reported by Lynn to IQs reported by a blogger. You have to use the same source for both countries. Lynn’s 2006 estimates say 90 for Croatia and 84 for Bahamas: https://hbdchick.wordpress.com/2012/05/08/iq-and-the-wealth-of-nations-table/ Iirc, I say 94 for Croatia and 89 for the Bahamas. Controlling for HDI, thr Bahamas must score higher, so should do Barbados and St. Vincent. afro continues the oj defense. just more ad hoc and contradictory excuses or outright lies. he claims poverty explains black failure, but doesn’t explain why poorer whites score higher in croatia and moldova. and no source for his claim that the bahamas scores higher on IQ tests. and ignorance or lies regarding argentina. I. argentina scored higher than T&T on the pisa. it scored the same as croatia. for lazy korinthenkackers who need a link: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisa-2015-results-in-focus.pdf II. the average argentine is 15% native american. i guess afro thinks costa rica is white too. sad! III. a plurality of T&Ters are east indian. i also forgot to mention that when US pisa scores are broken down by race the same pattern is seen. asians ahead of whites ahead of mestizos ahead of blacks. it’s a festivus miracle. one must appreciate the dementia he’s dealing with when he deals with afro. in france it is a crime to say that jerry lewis isn’t funny. http://www.unz.com/article/living-under-the-french-hate-speech-laws/ Argentina’s PISA score is just for the city of Buenos Aires actually. Anyway, as Jm8 says, T&T scores higher than many caucasoid countries. Reminder that PISA is not a proxy for ‘IQ’, contrary to what hereditarians say. True, the ranking comes from a huge report that highlights many factors. To PumpkinPerson The data reported (by Jason Malloy in his blog is based on the data that exists for the Bahamas. Lynn’s figure (used by him for the Bahamas) was not based on any actual Bahamian data. “IQ and the Wealth of Nations (2002) does not have a study for The Bahamas, but estimates an IQ of 78 by using the score from Barbados (p. 74). IQ and Global Inequality (2006) estimates an IQ of 84 by averaging the scores from Cuba and the Dominican Republic (p. 55), and this is the estimate still reported in the most recent book (Lynn & Vanhanen, 2012, p. 20).” I am not sure what sources he uses for Croatia (I suppose it is possible that his figure for that country is not well supported either—I will have to look for more sources on Croatia), but the figures for the Balkan countries seem to generally be within that range (the low-mid 90s). There were such differences between the adopted black kids and the adopted white kids, but that doesn’t explain the 6-9 point gap between the adopted whites and the adopted mixed race kids. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Transracial_Adoption_Study All these variables are intercorrelated so the more you control for, the less independent effect they will have. Lynn considers disease a subset of nutrition because disease prevents the body from using nutrients. That’s not what independent effect means. It means the correlation doesn’t vanish when other variables are controlled. If Lynn’s data was derived from adult samples (who actually differ in completed schooling) instead of school kids, education would have an independent effect because years of schooling really does increase performance on IQ tests (though I doubt it actually increases intelligence) But I suspect Jason Malloy would also report a higher figure for Croatia than Lynn did Pumpskinperson, this meta-analysis talk about multiple groups with different admixture too. Did you really read this link? “I say 94 for Croatia and 89 for the Bahamas.” The data shows a Bahamas score bit higher than that (around 91-93). Approximately 94 for Croatia may be right. My margin of error is about +- Points. Maybe 10 points under exveptional circumstances, but mismatches like China’s 22 points are just impossible. “The data shows a Bahamas score bit higher than that (around 93)” I believe Jason reports IQs in U.S. norms, meaning an IQ of 100 = U.S. mean. By contrast Lynn uses a scale where IQ 100 = U.S. white mean Lynn converts U.S. norms to white norms by subtracting 2 points from U.S. norms (which is a bit simplistic) which reduces Bahamas to 91. Next you have to adjust for the fact that 15% of the Bahamas was non-black, so the black majority would likely average 89. the Bahamas is about 10% non-black (see my comments below). The 10% is about 5% whites, 2% mixed descent black/whites, and smaller numbers of others (including East Indians) “…(see my comments below the Bahamas entry/source). The census reports ca. 10%. the “ Your source (Malloy) said: The population, not much larger than 350,000, is 85% black, 12% white, and 3% Asian and Latin American. He didn’t provide a source though. Wikipedia agrees with you though, but they don’t provide a source either. Of course the demographics may have changed. Most of the IQ studies Malloy cites are from the late 20th century. T&T still scores in the range of Turkey and Albania (significantly Above Macedonia/FYROM, and above several South East European, Latin American and Middle Eastern countries—Lebanon, Kosovo, Mexico, Costa Rica (and above a few S.E. Asian ones like Thailand and Indonesia). T&T is about 36% black and 37% East Indian (the major groups), and 24% mixed race. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Ethnic_groups I confess i was not that certain on my PISA scores. Anyhow, one love, one blood peace brothers. See you. To PP: I provided a source in the comments, the 2010 Bahamas census. Click to access CENSUS2010084903300.pdf It has Blacks at about 318,000 (of total 351,000) which is about 90.5%, whites at ca. 16,000 (roughly 5 %), mixed race black/whites ca. 7,000 (about 2%), mixed black/other ca. 2,000, Asian and Indian roughly 3,000. “black 90.6%, white 4.7%, black and white 2.1%, other 1.9%, unspecified 0.7% (2010 est.)” “African (90.6%), or mixed African with other races (2.7%). 4.7% of the population is European, 0.4% Asian and 0.2% East Indian.” http://www.indexmundi.com/the_bahamas/demographics_profile.html“ “T&T is about 36% black and 37% East Indian (the major groups), and 24% mixed race (the last group likely often a racial mix of black and East Indian, or “dougla” as they call those people in Trinidad). Yeah and they have a couple of what we’d call hispanic as well. Sorry, I conflated Kanazawa’s Savanna Hypothesis (which does include evolutionary novelty) with just plain old evolutionary novelty. Eppig et al “seriously question the ability of linear distance from sub-Saharan Africa to measure evolutionary novelty, undermining the foundation of Kanazawa’s hypothesis.” I misremembered there. I will concede being wrong there, however, infectious disease still does explain the variance better than all other measures tested; northern latitudes don’t have parasite/disease prevalence and, therefore, are shielded from whatever physiologic effects that occur from parasite/disease burden. True. (its a very small group but) Many of them would likely fall into the mixed race fraction and some might have black ancestry, and/or have some native Amerindian ancestry, especially small community around the small region of Arima where some people are of culturally Hispanized Carib descent—and still have a style of folk music in Spanish called parang—(Hispanized and converted to Catholicism by Spanish missionaries during the Spanish colonial period)—both descended from local Island Caribs and from those that came later from nearby Venezuela). Most of the black population though seems to have come as slaves in the British and French periods, or from other British and French Caribbean Islands. stand with me against black supremacism says: if true this is evidence for the defense. afro should find more such facts. it’s not enough to attack the prosecution’s evidence when there’s a mountain of it or claim the the cops framed the black man because racism. i’ve written the SPLC about afro. he will now be on their list next to andrew anglin. Do you have a source (at least for the norm Lynn uses)? I will try to look for one myself. Lynn uses British norms which remove 2 points relative to US ones. Right. The “Greenwich norms”. if it were really the case that black bahamians scored the same as croatians this would be very interesting. croatia is a poorer country than the bahamas, yet has a higher HDI as afro has said. would it be an alibi? but then if bahamians were given the pisa and scored the same as T&Ters and thus lower than croatians would the education causes IQ theory be disconfirmed?…maybe…the differences may be too small to mean anything. of course the SD is important too. not just the mean. the high achievers in natsci are all european, jewish, indian, or chinese with a few arabs. no blacks. no native americans. no abos. no polynesians. not one. that seems odd. it must be racism. here’s a list of african nobel laureates. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_Nobel_laureates zewail is an arab. cohen-tannoudji is a jew. 4 white gentiles have won nobels in natsci. all from ZA. Jm8, you’re comparing IQs reported by Lynn to IQs reported by a blogger 1) This assertion is an appeal to authority. 2) Jason Malloy has published in the journal Medical Hypotheses: James Watson tells the inconvenient truth: Faces the consequences You’re “a blogger” too, should we disregard what you say that’s been rebutted by actual social scientists? Moreover, Lynn has no more authority on picking samples than anyone else that is not a demographer. Right RR, I was thinking that PP used appeal to authority with Medical Hypotheses, just wanted to add that he used that with a journal which actually have problems: Aids denialism saga: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01312.x/abstract;jsessionid=96E71D3ABF717CC5CAAC15D94867D661.f04t04 Problems with their team. http://medicalhypotheses.blogspot.fr/2010/05/rip-medical-hypotheses.html Thanks for the citation. I’m interested in any logical, factual theories/arguments, no matter how kooky they may be. As long as good, strong logic is used and it’s backed by facts and not emotions. Concerns were raised about the implications for academic freedom of this boundary work in defence of peer review as a core practice in science. The paper concludes, however, that Duesberg’s freedom to write what he likes remains intact, but that if he wants his work to carry the imprimatur of science, he now has to subject it to peer review. Medical Hypothesis is not even a serious journal. They published papers in support of aids denialism…etc Okay… lol. Got a source for that? I’d like to read the paper. PP’s assertion is still an appeal to authority, whether or not the journal he published in is kooky or not. It’s worth noting that neuroscientist/philosopher John Skoyles has published in that journal as well. Human balance, the evolution of bipedalism and dysequilibrium syndrome Is autism due to cerebral–cerebellum disconnection? It seems that, as the journal’s name indicates, the journal publishes medical hypotheses. So the fact that it supported AIDS/HIV denialism is irrelevant. so now afro claims only a professor of demography can choose a representative sample. pathetic. korinthenkacker extraordinaire. sad! if one has a list of all 12 year olds or whatever all he need do is pick a random bunch and the sample is representative the sample mean for a population, irrespective of the variable’s distribution converges to a normal distribution with SD = (1/sqrt(N))population SD. so 100 chillens is enough to get the mean to +/- 3 points with 98% probability assuming the population SD is 15 points. 15/sqrt(100) = 1.5. sample mean +/- 21.5 = 3. afro, what is the punishment for saying that jerry lewis was never funny? if i sent an email to someone in france saying how unfunny jerry lewis was would france ask for my extradition from the US to stand trial for hate speech against a commander of the legion of honor? http://austinresearch.co.uk/the-importance-of-representative-samples-and-how-to-get-them/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_(statistics) wtf is wrong with you RR? the whole point of afro’s article is that education is a proxy for IQ. and IQ is itself a proxy for fuck’s sake. there are test scores. some of these tests call themselves IQ tests. some don’t. the difference is just marketing. how autistic do you have to be not to know this? IQ is NOT a thing. besides this is just more OJ defense. afro has yet to produce an alibi. he has yet to produce any evidence which is inconsistent with the dumb negro theory. all he can do is claim that each grain of sand in the mountain of prosecution evidence is fake and that the cops are racists. how about that mr fung! i’m a better defense lawyer than he is. sad! skin color is correlated with the physical geography of one’s ancestors. it is not dumb to suppose that what is similar in those geographies where darker skin arose also caused stupid to arise. for example, black people. Of course it is dumb when we know there are stronger confounding correlates whose effect on IQ is much better demonstrated. yes afro. poverty, malnutrition, illiteracy, etc. make IQ scores from the developing world meaningless. and yes lynn is retarded. but these confounds don’t exist when these darker skinned peoples live in western europe or the US or australia etc. and they are not elites from their home countries. And the IQ scores aren’t the same either. These confounds still do exist though, there are large differences in quality of life within countries. African American men have the life expectancy of Bangladeshi men for instance, so the things that cause them to live this short can possibly depress their IQs. Disease burden explains differences in IQ within the US. yes obviously afro. but poor whites score higher than middle class blacks in the US. must be racism. and ideal comparison would be a fairly rich caribbean island country which is almost all black, so racism can’t be an excuse, with a slightly poorer white country. do bahamians score as high on IQ tests as croatians? if not why not? IMF (2016) GDP (PPP): bahamas 24,555, croatia 22,795. or do ghanaians score the same as moldovans? if not why not? Matching for GDP is not the same as matching for personal income, you need to account for income inequality, cost of life, GDP sectoral composition (Gulf Emirates have sky high GDP/capita for instance) and other variables. if you could collect several examples where the blacks scored higher, then this would prove your case. but if you can’t, then you can still make excuses. the parasite load vs state IQ is the same as latitude vs state IQ. the racial composition varies with latitude in the US. the SE is a third black. the sw is a third latino. am i the only one who finds afro’s causal racism offensive? he should be arrested for hate speech. …an ideal comparison… Middle class blacks still have more problems than poor white, read Afro’s article on Poverty and his comment section. i understand that afro. the best figure would be median household income, but its far harder to come by. it would also be important that years of schooling doesn’t differ much between the bahamas and croatia. you’d also have to exclude the 10% of bahamians who are white. what’s so absurd and hateful about afro: first. he thinks blacks aren’t responsible for their plight but poor whites are. he calls them “white trashes”. he’s also for eternal wage stagnation and greater and greater income and wealth inequality in order to avoid inflation. second. afro claims he has had everything these same poor whites have not had. he cannot possibly understand why any intelligent person would vote FN. his elite education makes some thoughts unthinkable for him. third. afro does not appreciate the freudian nature of racism and the differences in sexual behavior and appetite between the races. it is only at puberty that people start to separate based on race. his own obscene level of promiscuity is an example which he is not ashamed of. fourth. the case for genuine racial differences is not proven. i agree. but equality isn’t proven either, and the weight of the evidence is on the side of genuine differences. this evidence is not fabricated, biased, or racist. you just made that up drake. it’s the opposite of the truth. the oj defense is made by those too dumb to know they’re making it. in a court of law afro would lose. the jury wouldn’t have to deliberate. “you’d also have to exclude the 10% of bahamians who are white.” 5% are white. There rest are mixed black/white (about 2%) and various smaller numbers of other groups like East Indians). afro is right that achievement and ability cannot be separated. this is something peepee cannot understand. in order to demonstrate that more education causes higher IQ one would have to have two populations which were identical in every way except in their amount of education. no such study has been done. in order to demonstrate race causes differences in IQ … except in their race. this has been attempted with adoption studies. the results were that, as young children, adopted blacks scored much higher than their counterparts who weren’t adopted score in the US, but by the age of 18 there was no difference. using afro logic this is very strong evidence that race causes variation in IQ. No, because this study’s follow up was affected by sample attrition. what study? why would the dumb kids stay and the smart kids leave? The Minnesota transracial adoption study. I’ll link to a meta-analysis on transracial adoption studies later on tonight. the only legitimate criticism of the minnesota study is that the biological parents’ IQs weren’t measured. if they were much lower than the black mean, then the adoptees may have scored higher than expected based on their parents’ IQs. but whatever…the minnesota study is not in favor of the “race is biologically irrelevant” crowd. if the 18 year old adoptees had scored lower than the white adoptees but still much higher than the black mean this could have been explained by whatever “racism” they experienced, but the fact that the scores were the same is very bad for the afro-supremacist side. i think their scores as young children were very important, and this supports my theory that at puberty the black brain shrinks by 50%. LOL! No, these are just statistical flaws, and indeed we don’t know parental IQs, so no genetic inference can be made. Now it is just one unreplicated study that’s in contradiction with the findings of other similar studies. Afro, is it this study? It seems great but I admit, it’s quite hard for me to understand it. I saw hereditarians saying the small sample size of this study make it irrelevant. Yes, this is this study. As usual, 5he hereditarians just say whatever because this study only analyses other studies. So if I understand well, the adoption studies didn’t take account of the flynn effect or things like that? Yes, the Asian adoptees IQs were not adjusted for old norms which artificially inflate them. also. in the US 25% of black males over the age of 24 suffer from neurosyphilis. i’ve read that in france this is 50% and in haiti 75%, but in haiti syphilis is passed from mother to child usually. it’s hard to believe, but it’s true. why did you delete my source? i thought RR wanted sources. [RR: No porn. Scholarly sources. Be serious here please.] Ron, you shouldn’t talk like if you have the upper hand on this debate. In fact, there is no upper hand from any side at all. Anyway, in your place, I wouldn’t be proud of flawed evidence, Lynn’s data is unreliable as RR and Afrosapiens proved. Adoption studies are meaningless http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm BTW, like RR said to other people, what does IQ test test Ron ? http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.110.9895&rep=rep1&type=pdf just more of the oj defense from drake. afro and other apologists of black failure have yet to produce an alibi. that’s very suspicious. Afrosapien did in his article about poverty and his article about history of Africa. But I guess that your biased brain make you unable to read them. were the tests taken by a representative sample of students? idk. but moldova and croatia scored higher than T&T. there was no black county on the list. T&T is richer than both by a lot. but T&T is also more unequal. though T&T is less unequal than the US. You sure spam a lot, but you post few sources validating any of your claims. it’s only spam to a moron. my comments are the only ones here that aren’t retarded. Hey Afrosapiens! A race realist which I talk and debate with shared me replies which he consider as a direct “rebuttal” of your articles about brains/poverty and this one by youtube comments. I asked him for direct links of the comments responding to your articles but he was on his phone and only gave me screenshots, I truly apologize for that: https://imgur.com/a/kuWk5 I dunno if they truly goes against your articles though, I highly doubt it. Though on it? By the way, the guy who have write these comments believe in biological determinism. Though on it RR? After 2nd reading of these comments, the guy barely do anything to disprove you at all, he seems to do autistic screeching on your articles, and his tone is shitty too. Still wanted to share it with you anyway. The guy try to explain the IQ of african americans, say that flynn effect has nothing to do with race difference in intelligence by quoting Rushton…Etc Yeah, even a bot would do better. Sometimes it seems like they copy and paste some pre-made rebuttals that they regurgitate without even reading the articles they intend to refute. Drake, that’s definitely copy pasta. Give the link to the YouTube video and I’ll jump in there later tonight. My thoughts on biological determinism are in the comments of this article. Few traits are 100 percent genetic in nature. “Sometimes it seems like they copy and paste some pre-made rebuttals that they regurgitate without even reading the articles they intend to refute.” I agree. I’m sure many of them are copy/pastes, clearly they’re often ready-made. I see many of the same ones frequently on youtube, clearly mass spammed, and also repeatedly appear in the comments sections of lots of articles and blogs on vaguely relevant topics all over the internet. They often don’t care about being plausible because they assume (perhaps rightly) that enough people share their biases. I try not to respond to too many of them. If I did, I’d probably never get finished dealing with their and their followers’ aggressively snide and dismissive, dishonest and shitposty responses and I’d probably die of stress. These people seem obsessed (like they can only save their souls by converting the world to “one true doctrine”; that “blacks are inferior”). They’re like aggressive fundamentalists (with their own missionary pamphlet-style church literature). Hey RR! Don’t worry, the race realist that I talk with is a nice guy, he already asked to the other guy who posted these pasta on youtube to comment here and the guy apparently accepted, he will comment here directly. Thanks for sharing, tell him to comment on here. His rebuttal is very weak I quickly read and all his pseudo arguments have been debunked by me and others. And similarly to Brian, it’s just tiring and boring to repeat the same things over and over. Yeah, it doesn’t look very strong from what I’ve seen, and he does not seem to have read much of your article/other counter-evidence (and it’s interspersed with smugly dismissive and unsubstantiated handwaving and accusations of “lefty drivel”). His “kid points” claim appears largely wrong. In some of the black (and other non-white and third world) countries in your chart, the scores increase with age from childhood toward adolescence/young adulthood, not decrease (the same is often seen especially with the second generation of immigrant groups in the UK, including black ones—and in the Bahamian IQ source I linked, being from a country where secondary school attendance is near universal. (And even so, the local adults create the environment that influences the scores of kids. So I would guess that in a country where, for instance, blacks are the majority, even the scores of kids belonging to the majority group/general population will somewhat reflect the cognitive environments created by local adults who socialize/teach them, and thus can still likely be somewhat informative.) His point about blacks from high income families scoring lower than whites from lower income families, is not seen in the UK, (or in the US when it comes to US born blacks from immigrant families—especially true in the case of Nigerians and Ghanaians where the second generation of two black immigrant parents scores above the white average and the parental generation), as Chanda Chisala has shown—the opposite of what racialist regression to the mean expectations would predict. The pattern in US blacks (of local/US slave descent) is not likely a broad racial one, and may likely have a strong cultural/environmental contribution/component. He claims that Lynn only allows 5-6 points for IQ depression for poor nutrition, but never mentions the effects off disease burden (and even Lynn hypothesized about 15 points of IQ depressive effect.). It’s a sloppy and unthinking response. like he doesn’t think he really needs to make sense or care , because so many people are already on the bandwagon anyway (I see that a lot) You’re right, it certainly gets tiring, but the barrage (or campaign really, in a loose sense) of repetitive (and often disingenuous) arguments will not stop for some time I suspect, and thus I feel (or fear) usually should not be ignored. Btw, I saw a guy who shared with you Black Lightning video about race realism and the response to it by the alternative hypothesis. Well, black lightning is making a response to the alternative hypothesis’s response, he said in his twitter that it’s almost finished. Tweets by Black2Lightning Since you have watch these videos, what links should Black Lightning use against the alternative hypothesis according to you? In my case, I shared to him RR’s links on IQ and his flawed correlations with job performance, your article on poverty and this one, black lightning love your articles BTW and he’s also glad that someone agree with him about how flawed Lynn’s data is (I also shared to him RR’s last article). You or RR can talk to him on twitter if you’re interested. I said RR too because I know he like opposing views, especially if the tone is correct (Black Lightning’s response to the alternative hypothesis will have no insult, unlike Ryan Faulk’s response to him who called him “black tranny lightning”). Black Lightning already said the points of his videos isn’t to disprove the hereditarians, he said that he can’t claims that hereditarians are wrong, but his goal is to disprove the conclusions made from flawed data and unconclusive data, that’s what he mean by “debunked”. Cool! I think Black Lightning’s arguments to A.Hypothesis are about flawless, and he seems to know what he talks about much better than A.Hypothesis. I’ll watch his videos later to see what he could build up but I remember finding him really efficient. It’s not necassary, you already saw Black Lightning recent video on Race Realism apparently, it was the best version of his videos on Race Realism (he reapeat himself a lot on his old videos about race realism and added arguments barely relevants before, his last video on it is his best version with all his relevant arguments). Are you interested by talking to black lightning on Twitter? What about you RR? Sure I want to talk to anyone. Then time decides what I can allocate to each debate. I’m off now, getting high so I’ll be back tomorrow. Please don't. If he makes another response that's going to be another 8-10 hours of work for me. — The Alt Hyp (@thealthype) October 5, 2017 This guy is too egocentric/dogmatic, he definitely need to go back to reality afro and RR are a self-parody. afro contradicts himself again with his claim of many factors. ALL OF THE INFO IS CONSISTENT WITH THE DUMB NEGRO THEORY. EVERY SINGLE TIME THERE HAS BEEN THE CHANCE FOR THIS THEORY TO BE DISPROVED IT HAS NOT BEEN. Care to explain how I’m a self-parody? yes! and this bermuda data is for adults! if this data is true it proves that under the right circumstances whites and blacks average the same IQ. i wonder what the SDs were. in the US the black IQ SD is much smaller than the white, thus the total absence of black geniuses…except thelonius monk of course. you are a self-parody because… you see the trees but not the forest. you’re bogged down in minutiae. Expand on these thoughts. Give examples. unfortunately i’m not sure if you’re joking or just engaging in more incognizant self-parody. the OJ case is the metaphor. the defense attacked every pebble of evidence in the prosecution’s mountain. the trial took 11 months. in that whole time the defense never gave any exculpatory evidence. a seed of doubt sowed in 1000 places. the defense sows 1000 tares. but it is never shown that the ground is solid rock. this bermuda evidence is sufficient to prove afro’s case. but he doesn’t appreciate why. and apparently neither do you. the point isn’t to jabber. the point is to decide. italians are known for their loquacity. call it voir dire. i’m telling you how to make your case afro. if the figures for croatia and bahamas are correct this is the closest thing to an alibi i’ve heard of. the hereditists would argue that e euros are much dumber than nw euros for genetic reasons. caribbean blacks do much better in the US than native blacks. so much better that their performance cannot be explained entirely by self-selection bias, that immigrants are the smartest of their home countries. the same is not true for african immigrants, because africa has so many people, whereas the english speaking caribbean has fewer than 6m people. it is even better evidence for the defense because all of these islands are 90+% black. that is, they don’t have the advantage of a larger white culture. No, you’re trolling and your reasonings are borderline absurd. GDP/capita alone is not an appropriate control variable for IQ comparison. Plus Caribbean countries have severe brain drain. https://blogs.iadb.org/caribbean-dev-trends/education-policy/2016/09/28/brain-drain-a-curse-of-small-states/ just the usual ad hoc jive from you afro. you must not have understood anything i wrote. as you suggested to brian, i suggest to you. learn english. i ain’t ever wore those ugly ass shoes. i’m still waiting for exculpatory evidence from you afro. thus far i’m the only one who has provided such evidence. the minnesota transracial adoption study + T&T’s pisa results = beyond a reasonable doubt. the jury is going to return a guilty verdict short of a deus ex machina. T&T’s Pisa results and Minnesota study both mean nothing at all. Since no one click the link on that Minnesota Study, I have to copy and paste the analysis like a bot. Sad! Unlike the studies of East Asian adoptees, all of the Black adoptee studies include multiple groups with differing racial admixture, tested at about the same time on similar tests. At least in theory, this allows direct comparison of the groups within each study; since the groups all benefit from adoption’s effect on IQ, and their IQs are inflated to similar degrees by the Flynn effect, there is less risk of these effects biasing the results in favour of one racial group over another. However, the biggest of the Black adoptee studies has other complications to untangle. That biggest study is the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study (MTRAS). According to Rushton and Jensen, it is “also the only transracial adoption study [of IQ] that includes a longitudinal follow-up” [3] (p. 256). For the study Sandra Scarr and colleagues located White Minnesotans who had adopted non-White children, and recorded the IQs of the adopters and their children (including the non-adopted White children). Scarr et al. measured the children’s IQs in two waves, one when the children had a mean age of 7 and another when they had a mean age of 17. At both times the White adoptees scored higher than the Black–Black adoptees, and the Black–White adoptees scored between the White and the Black–Black adoptees [13,14]. Not only that, but the measured interracial IQ differences grew between the two waves. Scarr and Weinberg [13] reported differences in the first wave of 2.5 points between the White and Black–White (BW) adoptees, and 14.7 points between the White and fully Black adoptees; Weinberg et al. [14] reported final differences of 7.1 points and 16.2 points respectively. Rushton and Jensen [3] (p. 259) implied that this widening was a genetic effect: “although the shared-family environmental component of true-score IQ variance can be quite large at age 7, by late adolescence it is the smallest component. After that age, genetic and within-family (nonshared) environmental effects account for the largest components”. To convince the reader, they pointed to their Figure 3, a plot estimating the proportions of IQ variation “attributable to genetic and environmental (shared and nonshared) effects” with respect to age (p. 252). However, as Richard Nisbett realized, that diagram indicates that “a greater genetic contribution to IQ occurs only after the age of 20” [24] (p. 308), because it shows virtually constant heritability from age 6 to age 20. Rushton and Jensen contradicted their own cited graph. But perhaps the widening interracial differences in the MTRAS were genetically driven despite Rushton and Jensen’s error? Probably not, because attrition can explain the apparent widening. A total of 25 White adoptees were in the study when it began, nine of whom were lost at follow-up. The lost adoptees had relatively low IQs, so the remaining White adoptees were unrepresentatively high in IQ, as Mackintosh observed [25]. One can prove this by comparing the original IQs of the full sample and the subgroup who were measured at both ages 7 and 17; the latter subgroup had an initial mean IQ of 117.6 (with a minimum IQ of 92) but the full sample had an initial mean of 111.5 (minimum 62). Because initial and final IQs had a correlation of 0.63 among the White group, the elite subgroup would likely have had their final mean IQ inflated by about 0.63 × (117.6 − 111.5) = 3.8 points. Meanwhile, the BW and Black–Black adoptees lost to follow-up hardly differed in IQ from the remaining adoptees, so attrition inflated those groups’ mean IQs by about only 0.2 and −0.7 points respectively. Adjusting the final mean IQs accordingly (Table 2) implies smaller racial differences of 3.5 points (White vs. BW adoptees) and 11.7 points (White vs. Black–Black adoptees) in the study’s final wave. The former is only 1 point wider than the corresponding initial difference, and the latter is 3 points narrower. Hence, allowing for attrition, the IQ differences between the White and the Black adoptees were no larger at age 17 than at age 7, a sign that the apparent enlarging was an artifact and not a genetic effect. With the widening explained, the only racial IQ differences left to comment on are those present at initial testing. The scant initial gap of 2.5 ± 3.5 points between the fully White and BW adoptees is small enough to be simple statistical noise. Only the IQ of the Black–Black adoptees, who scored 12.2 ± 2.8 points below the BW adoptees, calls for a specific explanation. Differences in home environment are one possibility. On every reported environmental variable, the Black–Black adoptees were worse off than both the BW and fully White adoptees, which I quantify by comparing the former against the BW adoptees, measuring the environmental differences in BW SDs. I use the BW adoptees as a comparison group here because Scarr and Weinberg [13] present more data for BW adoptees than White adoptees. The Black–Black adoptees were older when adopted (by 2.1 SDs, or two years); had spent less time in their adoptive home (by 1.1 SDs); had more (by 0.4 SDs) and lower-quality (by 0.8 SDs) adoptive placements; and had adoptive parents with less education and lower mean IQ (by 0.2–0.3 SDs). Additionally, 97% of the BW adoptees had White mothers while the Black–Black adoptees all had Black mothers, with whatever prenatal environmental differences that entailed. Proponents of the hereditarian model have found the notion of confounding with home environment controversial. For instance, Lee [26] (p. 253) found confounding “very doubtful” because “[t]here exists no independent evidence that variables such as age at adoption exert effects on IQ lasting until late adolescence”, citing the van IJzendoorn et al. meta-analysis [17]. However, as mentioned above, that meta-analysis erroneously summarized its studies, and so its analyses (being based on mis-estimated summary statistics) are untrustworthy. Even ignoring this problem, the meta-analysis claimed low power to detect an adoptive-age effect on IQ; the IQ differences associated with higher adoptive age had wide confidence intervals and a lot of heterogeneity (p. 311). Lee added that “the proportion of IQ variance associated with these pre-adoption variables declined over the course of the MTAS from .32 to .13”. This is true, but I repeat that the only racial IQ differences in the MTRAS needing a special explanation are those measured at age 7, when the pre-adoptive variables had more explanatory power. Lee also made the reasonable if tentative argument that race and IQ themselves might “affect pre-adoption experience”, in which case adjusting for pre-adoptive variables would be “perhaps overly generous towards an environmental hypothesis”. He was correct, but this simply means the MTRAS results are ambiguous; making the adjustment may skew the results in favour of a non-hereditarian hypothesis, but not making the adjustment may skew the results in favour of a hereditarian hypothesis. A decisive, objective, and complete interpretation of the results is not possible. Malloy [27] presented results from the MTRAS, writing that “no simple or plausible environmental theories [ . . . ] explain these kinds of findings”, on the grounds that “[s]tudies do not support a largerole for peer effects on developed intelligence” and that van IJzendoorn et al.’s meta-analysis “found that neither age at adoption or even coming from an abusive or neglectful environment had an effect on the developed IQ scores of adopted children” (p. 1088). As I do not invoke peer effects on IQ I need not comment on those, and I have already commented on the meta-analysis. I will add that the meta-analysis had poor power to detect the effect of abuse on IQ, which may explain why the abuse-associated deficit found (d = 0.22) was statistically insignificant. Lynn [2] (p. 24) preempted one of Lee’s comments by noting that “what appears to be an age-of-adoption effect may be only a race-differences effect” because correlations between adoptive age and IQ, and between time spent in the adoptive home and IQ, “are confounded with race differences”. Again, this is possible, but simply means the study’s results are ambiguous. (Below I also adduce evidence that adoptive age correlates negatively with IQ among East Asian transracial adoptees, where Lynn’s proposed confounding is excluded.) Lynn makes additional arguments using results for the adoptees at age 17, but the age 7 results are again the pertinent ones. Rushton and Jensen [3] zeroed in on one particular environmental variable: age at adoption. They referred to Jensen’s 1998 book The g factor, which cited Fisch et al. [28], a study supposedly “showing that age of adoption does not influence children’s IQ scores after age 7” [3] (p. 259). However, Nathan Brody [29] (p. 403) noticed that this is a “somewhat tendentious interpretation” of Fisch et al.’s work. Briefly, Fisch et al. compared the IQs of 7-year-olds adopted by their first birthday and 7-year-olds who had been adopted later, discovering a statistically insignificant 4.4-point difference. However, it is unsurprising that this difference was statistically insignificant because “the small sample of [seventeen] adoptees older than 1 renders the power of the statistical test of the difference weak” [29] (p. 402). Rushton and Jensen’s inference that “age of adoption does not influence children’s IQ scores after age 7” stands a good chance of having been a type II error. The next sentence of Rushton and Jensen’s review was similarly tendentious: “Studies of severely malnourished, late-adopted, East Asian children (see below) provide substantial evidence that age of adoption does not adversely influence IQ in transracial adoptions” [3] (p. 259). The East Asian adoptee studies they referred to are the three I discuss above, yet the adoptees in those studies were not “late-adopted” relative to the Black adoptees in the MTRAS, who were adopted at 18 months on average [13] (p. 730). The Winick et al. [10] (p. 1175) adoptees had a mean age at adoption of 18 months and the Frydman and Lynn [11] (p. 1323) adoptees had a mean age at adoption of 19 months. Clark and Hanisee’s paper [12] does not record an average adoptive age, but its adoptees also don’t seem to have been “late-adopted”, as the investigators set an upper adoptive age limit of three years (p. 596), and 10 of its 25 adoptees “were relinquished at birth to adoption agencies” (p. 598). Rushton and Jensen also omitted mention of the negative correlations between adoptive age and IQ documented in Frydman and Lynn [11] and Clark and Hanisee [12]. Winick et al. [10], which paid less attention to adoptive age, does not record an age-IQ correlation, but the follow-up study Lien et al. [30] found a statistically significant negative relationship between academic achievement and age of arrival in the US for Korean adoptees. There are no features of the Lien et al. study which explain Rushton and Jensen’s omission of it. Lien et al. [30] is a study of Korean adoptees raised in the US with extremely similar design to that of Winick et al., the key difference being that the Lien et al. adoptees were at least two years old when adopted while the Winick et al. adoptees were adopted by age 3. Comparing mean IQs across the studies shows that this adoptive age difference was associated with a 5–7 point IQ deficit for Lien et al.’s later adoptees, regardless of nutritional status. All in all, confounding of adoptee race with environmental variables is a threat to the MTRAS results. Still another factor complicating the interpretation of the MTRAS results is a hard-to-predict Flynn effect, which seems to be caused by the use of different IQ tests for adoptees of different ages [13,14] and the different age distributions of the White and the Black adoptees [13] (p. 730). Loehlin [31] (p. 185) presented mean IQs for the study’s groups, “adjusted for norm shifts over time”, but his tabulation of the data is too meagre to permit detailed analysis. The original data, which I analyze here, may be skewed by this Flynn effect. Correcting for it could conceivably eliminate the attrition effect while restoring the widening of racial IQ gaps over time, but there is little a priori reason to expect that. I have had to dwell on the MTRAS at length, but there are two more oft-cited Black adoptee studies. One is Tizard [15], a one-page report spun off from a language-acquisition study. In that study 64 4 -year-olds took the Wechsler Pre-school and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) IQ test, of whom 24 “had been adopted into white families at a mean age of 3.1 yr” (p. 316). A total of 17 adoptees were White and had a mean IQ of 113.0, and seven were BW and had a mean IQ of 119.9. The superior IQ of the adoptees with more Black ancestry reverses the main result of Scarr and Weinberg. In Scarr and Weinberg [13], the BW adoptees lagged the White adoptees by 2.5 ± 3.5 points, while in Tizard [15], the BW adoptees outscored the White adoptees by 6.9 ± 6.6 points. The other study is Moore’s [16], which assessed 23 Black–Black and BW adoptees, raised in White families, on the WISC. Like Tizard [15] and unlike Scarr and Weinberg [13], the adoptees with more Black ancestry had higher IQs: nine fully Black adoptees had a mean IQ of 118.0 and 14 BW adoptees had a mean IQ of 116.5. The resulting IQ difference is 1.5 ± 4.1 points, where the standard error is approximate because the standard deviations involved are pooled estimates. Taking an inverse-variance-weighted average of results from Scarr and Weinberg and Tizard, BW adoptees lagged White adoptees by 0.4 ± 3.1 IQ points. Taking an inverse variance-weighted average of results from Scarr and Weinberg and Moore, fully Black adoptees lagged BW adoptees by 7.8 ± 2.3 points, though this estimate assumes a homogeneity of results that doesn’t exist. Taken at face value these results suggest that higher Black ancestry is associated with lower IQ among Black adoptees, but not when comparing BW to White adoptees. If one forces these two conflicting results together by taking a weighted average of the two weighted averages, they suggest an IQ drop of about 5 points associated with having an additional Black biological parent, but statistical heterogeneity renders this result suspicious. Another reason for suspicion comes from Moore’s work, which also studied 23 Black adoptees raised in Black families. Those adoptees had a mean IQ 13.5 ± 3.1 points below the mean of the Black adoptees raised in White families, evidence for the importance of adoptees’ home environment rather than adoptees’ ancestry. A hereditarian might invoke heterosis (hybrid vigour) as an explanation for the heterogeneity— perhaps Black ancestry lowers IQ on average, with this effect cancelled out in BW children by an IQ gain from hybrid vigour. However, heterosis has too weak an effect to explain more than a bit of the heterogeneity [32]. The above discussion of Black adoptees’ IQs made one reviewer unhappy; they felt it was “selective” because “Flynn effect corrections are applied only to the East Asian groups, never to the Blacks”. However, there is a solid methodological reason for this: one must make Flynn effect corrections to interpret the three studies of East Asians, because those studies lacked comparison groups of adoptees of other races, forcing a comparison of the East Asian adoptees to the general population norm. At the same time, the studies with Black adoptees contained multiple groups which could be compared to each other, and such comparisons need no Flynn effect correction. The one possible exception is the MTRAS, afflicted by a hard-to-predict Flynn effect mentioned above. The published MTRAS reports do not have enough information to correct for that Flynn effect, so I take the published data as given while warning that a Flynn effect might have skewed them. This is better than the reviewer’s defective approach of taking sample-size-weighted racial averages of the means in my Table 1 (thereby double counting some of the data, because Weinberg et al.’s sample is a subset of Scarr and Weinberg’s) and indiscriminately subtracting 10 points from each average (neglecting the fact that the Flynn effect inflated IQs to different degrees in different samples) so you’re still looking for “the real killers”? sad! as usual the IQ data from the bahamas is for chillens. the minnesota study showed that black chillens’ IQs dropped like a rock after puberty. so this may happen in the bahamas too. A second, and considerably smaller study finds a lower IQ for The Bahamas. Judith Tynes-Jones (2005 ) collected Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children data for 29 Bahamian children, ages 6-16, in 1999. The average IQ from the three WISC sub-tests administered by Tynes-Jones is 83. Since the reported standard scores were calculated on norms from 1991, this requires a -2 point adjustment, giving us an IQ of 81. all you have to do afro is find a single example where blacks score as high as whites in the same situation. according to you there is no such situation. being adopted by affluent whites doesn’t count. being in a rich black country doesn’t count. you also claim that black crime in canada, the US, and britain are all due to blacks being uniquely underprivileged compared to other minorities in these countries. that’s why the incarceration rate for native americans is so much higher than it is for blacks. that’s why the native american birth rate is so much higher than it is for blacks. what? they’re both lower? but injuns are the least privileged group in the US. cue afro ad hoc jive talk. all these chances blacks have to prove their equality and in every one it’s the same story. must be racism. Native Americans are incarcerated at a rate 38% higher than the national average. blacks on the other hand are incarcerated at 3x the national average, and in 1920 they were incarcerated at 2x the national average. must be injun privilege. also injuns have the lowest birth rate of any ethnic group in the US. every country outside derka derkastans and bantustans has reduced its tfr enormously. the derka derkastanis have religion as an excuse. what’s the excuse of the bantus? and naturally afro thinks 5 children per nigerian woman is great and the economic migration of these children to europe is great too. the one thing macron has done right is tell bantus to stop fucking. 29 is not a small number if a representative sample. suppose the population SD for 6-16 year old bahamians is 15 points, then with 98% probability the actual mean for this population is between 86.6 and 75.4. not so clever as the croatians after all. sad! Mug of pee, this is retarded, the SD and the average tell nothing about the representativeness of a sample especially when sample size is so tiny. “:as usual the IQ data from the bahamas is for chillens. the minnesota study showed that black chillens’ IQs dropped like a rock after puberty. so this may happen in the bahamas too. And the sample with an older mean age (late adolescence, ages 16-18) and much larger sample size (694) had a higher IQ score, the opposite of what you said above. IQs do not seem to decrease with age. “Pandora Johnson organized a large and representative sample of Bahamian secondary school children in 1987” “The average IQ of the 20 different high schools was 95 (p 72). The scores were converted on test norms from 1979, requiring a -2 point adjustment for 8 years of norm inflation. This gives us an IQ of 93 for The Bahamas.” “A weighted average of Johnson (1988) and Tynes-Jones (2005) gives us an IQ of 93 for The Bahamas.” Nor do they decrease in British black (or British South Asian samples), but the reverse—maths/reading GCSE scores correlate highly with IQ, about.77 (and g—assuming g is real): Click to access DCSF-RR029.pdf “Some gaps change very little. For example the relative gap associated with social class, mother’s educational qualifications and entitlement to a FSM did not change substantially over the three time points. Other gaps did show substantial change. For example the gender gap increases significantly, from less than 0.07 SD at KS2 to 0.23 SD by the end of KS4, with the largest shift occurring between KS3 and KS4. The gaps for some ethnic groups decrease substantially, for example Pakistani, Bangladeshi and Black African mean scores were significantly below the White British mean at KS2 and KS3 but these gaps narrowed to less than 0.1 SD by the end of KS4, again with the big change happening during KS4.”(Steve Strand) There’s also the Bermudan score, which, on the (by far) largest study (sample size 2,696) of adults, in which races are distinguished, there is no racial gap. “Should the functional literacy test count as an achievement test or an intelligence test? At the very least the ALL and PISA include problem solving sub-tests that are not obviously related to learned material. These sub-tests seemingly have a greater conceptual claim on intelligence than, say, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, the 10 item WORDSUM test from the GSS, or even a number of the sub-tests from the Wechsler tests. From a psychometric standpoint, these tests are also better constructed for international comparisons (e.g. more thoroughly checked and corrected for test bias). I will nevertheless classify them as achievement tests for now since they are not validated or popularly recognized as intelligence tests among specialists. But the ALL certainly still qualifies as evidence that Bermuda has an intelligence level comparable to Western Europe and its global diaspora. Furthermore, the ALL classified Bermudians and Americans according to race, which allows us to see the functional literacy scores of blacks and whites in both nations on the same test. (Riley, 2006, p. 11 ; Rivera-Batiz, 2008, p. 16 ). Black-white gap? Nope. Table II shows the Achievement Quotients for all four groups, normalized against the UK TIMSS results. The U.S. gap is .74 SD, while the Bermuda gap is an invisible .03 SD.” Edit: “…with IQ, (and about .77 with g—assuming…” a big sample is no more likely to be representative than a small sample afrotard. unless the small sample is much less than 29 or the large sample is the entire population. you bitched that argentina’s pisa results didn’t count because they were only for the buenos aires area. so it could have been 100k chillens and it would not have been representative of argentina if for some reason portenos are smarter than the rest. the same if it were 5k children who all lived in nassau. if the glove don’t fit you must acquit. yes jm8, there’s no need to give the bona fides of an achievement test. if the achievement test is very general rather than specific the difference between an achievement test and an IQ test is 100% nominal. that is, the achievement test vs IQ test distinction is a “distinction without a difference”. so if this data is true then the jensenists are wrong. sad! it’s also sad that the white man had to make afro’s arguments for him. very sad! while afro can excuse black failure with a host of “factors”, the hereditists would never explain the failure of bermudan whites or the success of bermudan blacks with “factors”. that is, it’s not as if bermudan blacks are keeping the white man down. this is because hereditists are honest, unlike afro. except for jensen…jensen was either a liar or retarded. i’m thinking retarded. you still don’t get it afro. you’re living in flatland. abstract! if you can. if i crush you with a tank like the chicoms crushed people in tiananmen i crush you with a mountain of pebbles. you’re still crushed… even though each pebble is “weightless”. marion van peebles. mario van peebles. the first is a man. the second is a woman. a woman who moisturizes and shaves his body hair and wears yuge polo pony shirts and claims to ride on the beach with his jewish faincee. Thinking Mouse says: The numbers of Eastern Europe aren’t made by doing tests in the region, but by postulations based on neighbouring countries, such as how it was done in North Korea. Eastern European IQ data might be lower such as what Afro estimated Bosnia to be in this article. Or the IQ of Eastern Europeans might be higher, but as noted by afro the traits of an society correlated to IQ would indicate that Lynn is overestimating the scores. Avagering Bosnians and other populations to get an equal environment to Africans in the hypothetical sample seems to be an good way of gauging the plasticity of IQ in human groups. Unless one can controll for IQ in an more professional manner of course. yes this bermuda data is the kind afro should be boosting. he should stop with the mark fuhrman angle. The U.S. gap is .74 SD, while the Bermuda gap is an invisible .03 SD. there are fully credentialed black actuaries believe it or not. i recall a black actuary from bermuda. she was a she too. bermuda is the world capital of insurance, not hartford. in terms of math talent it’s impossible to pass the actuarial exams unless your mathQ is > 130. there was a black ASA manager at the first company i worked for. the second company had a recently departed nigerian ASA. what afro needs to do is find what he calls “evidences” which require the jensenists to say… i wish to assert my 5th amendment privilege. of course “arab” is not a genetic classification but a linguistic one, but there have been 4 arabs to win a nobel prize in one of the three natural science categories. 3 of them have won in chemistry. the 4th was half lebanese and won in physiology or medicine. still waiting for that senegalese nobel in physics. what might be the racist explanation of the bermuda data assuming it’s true? the racists/hereditists would have to claim either… i. bermudan blacks are a select population, a population that has been selected from the smartest blacks. ii. bermudan whites have been selected from the dumbest whites. i don’t know anything about the history of bermuda except that bishop berkeley wanted to establish a college on the island. esse est percipi. No, very unlikely. They descend from slaves, like on the other islands/former New World colonies. Also no. Both are measured against the British (UK white) norm. From the source/link: “Table II shows the Achievement Quotients for all four groups, normalized against the UK TIMSS results. The U.S. gap is .74 SD, while the Bermuda gap is an invisible .03 SD.” i was making fun of any racist explanations. i wasn’t making them. Both are measured against the British (UK white) norm. what does that have to do with anything? i don’t understand. my point was that if bermudan whites are like the bajan red legs then the hereditists would claim that it’s not an apples and apples comparison. but as far as i know white bermudans should score a lot higher than 100 as they are a select population, selected from the smartest whites. so this bermuda example is like oj playing golf in south africa at the same time the murders happened. afro needs the white man to help him in his defense. johnnie cochran isn’t enough. I figured as much, but wasn’t quite sure—my mistake. (I think) If the whites were dumber (i.e especially dumb whites) than the generally used white average/norm (the British/American white), they would have scored lower when compared/”normed” to it. But of course I understand that you weren’t making that argument/explanation. “I figured as much, but wasn’t quite sure—my mistake. I must have missed/misread something in the post.” but afro still doesn’t appreciate how the bermuda evidence (if true) is sufficient to prove his case. it’s as if oj were in tasmania when when the murders happened. the only thing in all of hbd that is certain is that southern italians are dumber than northern italians. he laughed hysterically. i mean imagine the experience of a racist/hereditist… his whole life confirms his racism, but then he makes a holiday on an isolated island 1,000 miles off the coast of s carolina and is flummoxed. he can’t tell the blacks from the whites in behavioral terms. Mug of pee, would you like to troll elsewhere for the next few days? Peepee must be missing you, don’t you think? it’s very sad that that’s your best response afro. and you claim to not be a woman? i think even less of the french school system. especially its elite school system. once a chekist always a chekist. I just have no time to waste on you what are your sources for that afro? the sad truth is that afro has been defeated by a BGI volunteer. if only afro were from bermuda… he might’ve achieved his cognitive potential. Mug of pee believes Black African = Bantu. LOL! Bantus only live in the southern half of Africa, ironically it’s the non-Bantu Muslims of the Sahel and the Horn of Africa that have the highest TFR. Middle eastern and North African Muslims have significantly reduced their TFR though. That’s called demographic transition, which is a result of transition to a more industrial society. On Senegal having Nobel Prize recipients, lol again. Why not Guide Michelin restaurants or Sprinting champions? In case you haven’t noticed, Nobel Prize recipients tend to be old men with a lot of education. Senegal has like 14 million inhabitants, more than half are under 20, the +50 population likely has completed no more than a couple years of schooling on average, so it’s unlikely to see a Senegalese Nobel Prize recipient in a foreseeable future. Maybe Nigerian, someday or an African researcher living in Europe. Or in Japan, like this guy: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/nigerian-student-ufot-ekong-solves-30-year-old-maths-equation-and-breaks-academic-record-at-japanese-10303064.html These awards are stupid, anyway. On the Bermudan data: just because it shows blacks and whites scoring the same doesn’t change the issue of sampling and representativeness. So I don’t care, I certainly don’t need that type of evidence to refute the hereditarian fantasy. On what it means to be Norman, just hilarious, a 1066 Norman would probably be the most undesirable type of foreigner in 21st century Normandy. now afro is lying again. i don’t equate bantus with black africans. i was using “bantu” synecdochally. the point was to use “bantustan” and “derka derkstan”. for a guy who claims to have done 100 gals afro is a super NERD. sad! some pan-africanists wanted swahili to be africa’s lingua franca. swahili is a bantu language. it’s afro contradicting himself as usual. he’s very sensitive about differences between various black africans, yet totally insensitive about the differences between french people and haitians. sad! i’m living in nantes now. i’m having an affair with afro’s mother. my God you should hear what she says about afro. for one thing, she told me that the bbc is a myth. i was using senegal synecdochally again afro. i’m more and more amazed at how bad the french educations system is. sad! afro is a korinthenkacker. he’s one of those very rare blacks with autism. a 1066 Norman would probably be the most undesirable type of foreigner in 21st century Normandy. but UNLIKE you, he would NOT be a foreigner. anyway…your mom tells me you’re small…down there. sad! the best expert witness for the defense afro doesn’t have time for. this proves that the point of afro’s lawyering is NOT what he claims it is. the point of afro’s lawyering is… black supremacism. to show that the white man is wrong is not enough. the white man must also be shown to be evil. the white man must also be shown to be inferior. it’s sad that a haitian orphan should become a black supremacist. but it’s not surprising. habeascorpus says: How do you reconcile heidegger with hegel? thank you for following me here. peepee has banned me too. or rather she won’t let me post pictures of black penises, so i quit the bitch. i read half of the link from zizek last night just before i went to sleep. i’ll respond in 48 hours. btw, “habeascorpus” is “dealwithit”, the injun girl from peepee’s. sorry, by “injun girl” i meant “squaw”. the disappointing lineamants of my response are… i. lacan was a charlatan. that zizek takes him seriously suggests he’s not that bright. ii. i have read many commentaries on hegel because i couldn’t understand him. i am mono-lingual…at best. iii. i don’t think hegel was a charlatan…unlike the reigning anglo-american philosophy profs. or rather, i think he may have been a charlatan or may not have been. i don’t know. well at least he was not entirely a charlatan. his technical vocab was sparse. and he was german, not the usual french fraud like afro. ribbit. i’ll say more within 48 hours. hegel and heidegger are not in conflict as far as i can tell. no reconciliation is necessary. how many know this? afro is not black or french. he’s a norman aristocrat. in 1066 the normans conquered england. afro’s ancestors were there. at the battle of hastings. they weren’t in togo. to suggest otherwise is racism. afro should give more news of this nigerian genius. The Independent is owned by russians. are those russians russians or are they (((russians)))? he should also admit that he’s a virgin, and… that he doesn’t know what “synecdochally” means. The independent is owned by one Russian: Alexander Lebedev. You totally implied that Bantu and Black African were interchangeable and that Bantu and Muslim were mutually exclusive. On Senegal, what applies there applies to all of Subsaharan Africa, there aren’t enough old educated people with a long scientific career to yield Subsaharan Nobel Prizes in science anytime soon. But this reasoning is stupid, it’s like saying Africans can’t cook because there aren’t Guide Michelin restaurants in Africa. Dumb. I’m not a foreigner, a 1066 Norman is a foreigner in current day Normandy. Tone down with my mom. 5 indians and 1 pakistani have won nobel prizes in one of the three natural science categories. so have 3 full blooded arabs. no bantus. and the independent is owned by two russians according to wikipedia. On Senegal, what applies there applies to all of Subsaharan Africa. hence my use of synecdoche urkel. don’t blame me for the myth of the bbc. All from regions with historically much larger and older populations. India alone is 50% more populated than Subsaharan Africa (where the population has been multiplied by about 10 since the first Nobel Prize), and has a median age of 27.6. The oldest universities in the country (Madras, Calcutta, Mumbai) were founded in 1857. The most populated Sub-Saharan country is Nigeria, it has only one sixth India’s population, median age: 18.3. The oldest university in the country (Ibadan) was founded in 1948. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_median_age ironically the above map shows the same thing that the map you deleted showed. black people can’t practice family planning. now afro is using the bad behavior of blacks as an excuse for why they haven’t won any nobel prizes in natural science. truly pathetic. there’s absolutely no hope for black africa until they stop pullulating. i’ll post it again and afro will delete it. the truth is suppressed in france. How sad your life must be to spend your time here posting retarded comments Ron Until recently (ca. 1950s-80s) much of Asia (incl. India, China, and Central Asia and the Middle East) had high birthrates in the subsaharan range (they are still very high, as in high by subsaharan standards—as your map shows— in Afghanistan today) as well as the populations of Central America and the Andes. (Also, Africa’s are starting decline and are projected to continue to do so) https://www.google.com/search?q=birth+rates+by+country&biw=1265&bih=800&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=0ahUKEwjG9YPKv6_NAhWDFR4KHRkiD7AQ_AUIBygC#imgrc=kYCQtRilBUkd2M%3A (second image down at right, captioned: “A world map showing countries by total fertility rate (TFR), according to World Population Prospects 2015 by UN” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate yes i know that. but why has everyone else reduced his tfr? i also know that barbados has the lowest tfr in the new world. or is it cuba? so there are blacks who can control themselves. i also know that africa will be just as poor in 2100 if it doesn’t get its tfr under control. afro doesn’t understand this. he thinks more people is always better. a high tfr means the parents can’t save and have no time to spend building the economy. a high tfr means a high “dependency ratio”. in japan and italy it’s also old people that make a high dependency ratio. and this means all of these africans will want to move to europe. and afro thinks this is a good thing. it’s part of his delusion just like his belief that he is french and a norman aristocrat. The reason “why” African TFR is high isn;t due simply due to control so the onset of industrialization can take place, it’s because due to industrialization being slow the advantages of having many kids in traditional economies (like those in the histories of Asia and Europe). china’s once child policy coincided with its economic take off. is it just a coincidence? like most apologists for open borders afro confuses growth in GDP with growth in GDP per capita. the latter is what matters not the former. barbados tfr estimate by the cia 2017 = 1.68. ghana murder rate = same as canada’s, one third that of the US. the genes are the same. if the figures are true then HBD is disproven. or at least norms of reaction is proven. if genes cause higher murder rates or higher TFRs then there should be no exceptions. this is what “cause” means. so perhaps the difference is that white achievement is more canalized or whites are more tolerant of variation in their environment. or maybe the above figures and the bermuda figures are wrong. here’s data on bermuda’s murder rate. http://www.royalgazette.com/article/20111121/NEWS03/711219957 afro believes all races are equal but all individuals are not. he believes he is genetically superior to france’s “white trashes”, not because he is black, but because he is a norman aristocrat genetically. group and individual differences are the two parts of HBD. afro believes in the latter but not the former. this is very convenient for him as it makes him genetically superior. Thank you mug of pee but I need no help to express my beliefs, and I do it accurately “china’s one child policy coincided with its economic take off. is it just a coincidence?” Not really, given how it’s rate of industrialization isn’t representative of the rest of the developing world, likely figured children were an economic cost and used the policy to initiate fast infrastructural development which is the typical nature of communist states. “like most apologists for open borders afro confuses growth in GDP with growth in GDP per capita. the latter is what matters not the former.” This is between you and me on TFR, whatever interpretation on Afro’s beliefs you have is irrelevant to me. Sure, genes can influence those things but technically speaking the cause of crime and it’s respective level would vary under certain restraints like police enforcement, economic development, etc. See my comment regarding Afro. Mugabe, Reduced TFR is due to, in my opinion, industrialization. Clearly as nations develop, there are too many things to do and thusly TFR will decrease. Jm8, If I recall correctly, China and Africa had the same GDP 50 years ago. I need to check my copy of A Troublesome Inheritance later. Black lightning responded to the alternative hypothesis!! Thought on it Afrosapiens and RR? I’ll tell you my thoughts later. I just hate how long these videos are. If they had transcripts they’d be better and faster for me to read than to waste my an hour+ of my time listening. Same issue as RR, I hardly watch any video this long except soccer, I’d appreciate a transcript. I appreciate the artistry though. I understand RR, Afro, in my case I’m used to long videos. This video is long because he responded to every argument from Faulk. Feel free to let your thoughts on it when you want. Also afro, I don’t even watch TV anymore since 6 years. YouTube, streaming of series and anime is my new kind of TV. Only videos games are something I keep using since my childhood By the way Afrosapiens, next article when man? Hi drake, I’m trying to make time to get something done before Sunday. can you imagine a time when there were factories in milwaukee? open borders and “free trade” have made such a life impossible. the french elite needs to be guillotined. a frenchman who disagrees is a counter-revolutionary. afro thinks louis XVI is a swell guy. chop! Better yet, can you imagine when the smallest village had farm jobs for every inhabitant and unemployment was unheard of? Or a time when cars were luxury goods and workers lost 10% of their yearly income to inflation… If it’s so wise to sacrifice everything to employment, then why don’t we forbid robots, computers, tractors and all those technological innovations that destroyed much more jobs than globalization? It’s possible to have an open economy, high incomes and plenty of industrial jobs. Switzerland and Germany do it, with a different business culture with familial small scale entrepreneurship vs. shareholder dictatorship, long term orientation vs. immediate profit, vocational training vs. college obsession. as usual afro you demonstrate your inability to understand english. you think you’re disagreeing but you’re agreeing with me. sad! manufacturing as % of gdp by country. notice only one country is shittier than the US. france. sad! thank you for giving me permission to post this afro. [RR: Fuck off with the porn.] Notice that mining is included in “industry”. France virtually has no mining sector whatsoever. Anyway, our trade balance is always positive or only slightly negative (depending on oil and gas prices), so we resist globalization better than the USA. Now it’s funny that everybody talks about manufacturing jobs as if they were god’s gift to the poor. Because, during industry’s heydays, the factory was deemed as the closest thing to hell that one could imagine. in the context of a global labor oversupply what is a gift to the poor of the developed world is not having to compete with labor in developing countries or with immigrants. automation, outsourcing, and immigration all make the average person in the developed world poorer. automation can’t be stopped, but outsourcing and immigration can be. Automation can be stopped just as much. And poor in the developed world is very often preferable to average in the developing world. Poverty is always relative, as long as there are income differences, some will feel relatively poor. the point of factory jobs is they paid a lot more than the jobs that factory workers have now, if any. the reason they paid more is that they were much more value added than the bullshit jobs that have replaced them. during the debate over NAFTA many economists made the disingenuous claim that every american who lost his factory job would qualify as a computer programmer or scientist or whatever yet with no subsidy. what actually happened to these people is their lived were ruined. hillary didn’t care. obama wanted to make even more such people. thus trump was elected. ross perot was proven right. bringing up the poor of the developing world is not the responsibility of the poor of the US. but they’re the ones who suffer. and when china is taken out of the calculation the developing world is poorer today than it was 30 years ago. globalization and open borders is a tiny smug simpering elite kicking their countrymen in the face and telling them if they don’t like it they’re racists. i hope macron is assassinated. No these jobs made a lot more money thanks to union agreements, your made in China smartphone has more value added per worker than any Chevrolet car built in Detroit. The low end service sector, with smaller staffs, more female workforce and fewer indispensable skills prevents unionization, that’s why the jobs are shitty. Americans are foolish to believe that jobs have to be the sole means of redistribution. If the job market changes, it’s the responsibility of the state to increase tax income in order to increase welfare payments and subsidise the acquisition of skills that are relevant to the new economy. But state intervention is socialist blasphemy in America, and welfare means subsidizing idle niggers. So Americans vote Trump, showing their profound stupidity. The developing world excluding or including China is richer than it was 30 years ago. But the developed world is even richer, yet the average joe isn’t. Look at the top 0.00001% instead of blaming the bottom 99.99999% of this world for what has become of the former industrial working class. when hillary was the alternative voting for trump was the smart thing to do afrotard. hillary is like macron. she’s a sociopath. all she wants is power. furthermore, even bernie sanders was not proposing subsidies for the displaced. this is true of most leftists. it is true of all Democrats. if it wasn’t true of melenchon then you should have either not voted or voted for le pen. one cannot vote for people who aren’t on the ballot. you will see. things will just get worse under macron. france will continue to be germany’s butt boy, just as it was in WW II. snail eating surrender monkeys. sad! in heaven the police are english, the cooks are french, the mechanics are germans, the swiss are the managers, and the italians are the lovers. in hell the police are german, the cooks are english, the mechanics are french, the swiss are the lovers, and the italians are the managers. there are three economic justifications for the rich. i. when the means of production is privately owned it is better maintained, better managed. ii. capital income is invested in more capital. thus production increases. iii. capital income in perpetuity is reward for risking one’s capital. i. this does not apply to most public joint stock companies as the shareholders usually have no power. many such companies are too big for kkr, icahn, et al to threaten. ii. this is not the case much anymore. in the US 90% of accounting earnings are paid to shareholders in the form of dividends and stock buy backs. productivity is stagnant. iii. this too is no longer much of a justification as there are so few things left which are worth investing in. the world’s most valuable and profitable company is a toy maker, aapl. this makes wealth taxes on the very rich justifiable from the pov of economic efficiency. poverty in the developed world is no longer an economic problem. that is, it’s unnecessary. it’s now merely a political problem. but inequality is an economic problem in the developed world in the sense that it reduces aggregate demand. afro has been taught that it is better for france to be as unequal as namibia than for inflation to ever be above 3%. but afro is insane. inequality does cause inflation, inflation is asset prices. and again only one developed country has a lower rate of union membership than the US. and that country is france. sad! there are 410 million people living in french speaking africa. i propose they all move to france. this will be good for the french economy. Businesses would indeed love it, so would the tax administration and the public retirement pension scheme. Btw, French speaking Africa is a very theoretical concept. you’re insane afro. and obviously i meant those african countries which were once french colonies. i doubt that there any people in these countries who speak english, but do not speak french. french is the preferred european language. Cameroon, Rwanda and Benin, Seychelles and Mauritius have some English speakers. Because of past British influence or proximity to Nigeria and Eastern Africa. Southern Senegal is substantially Lusophone. Fjow says: Hello Afrosapiens! Your article is well written but Lynn’s data is actually confirmed by other authors: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316973000_National_IQs_revisited_The_first_steps_of_a_long-term_project I don’t know how you can respond to this tbqh, it seems that we underestimated the validity of his data. Not exactly. The author in the piece you link gets much lower IQs/scores the Lynn for South East Asia and India (lower than he does for parts of Subsaharan Africa) and also finds scores lower in North America and parts pf Europe somewhat lower than Lynn does. Correction: “…gets lower IQs/scores for S.E. Asia and India than Lynn claims for…” But doesn’t this link goes against Afrosapiens’s article? Don’t get me wrong, I’m not an hereditarian, it’s just that Emil OW Kirkegaard send me this link after I showed him this article, I tried to prove that Lynn’s data seems to be biased but then he sent me this link to say that Lynn’s data is confirmed and not biased. Some of the re-estimated (P&V) and 3PD) subsaharan countries’s scores appear to be in or around the 80s and (one or two) about 90 (Botswana in P&V and Uganda in 3PD), quite unlike what is found in Lynn (and several score lower—but there is not re-estimated data for a lot of the SS African countries it seems). I’m still curious about Afrosapiens’s thought on this paper comparing to his article. I would say it still suggests quite a different picture than the racial hierarchy claimed by Lynn. Since it puts some parts of subsaharan Africa closer to the 80s and 90s (or around 90)—other parts of course scoring lower, and India (70s or so), much of South East Asia (70s to 80s) and Syria and Palestine (about in 3PD but higher in the other re-analysis) as low as parts of SS Africa. I believe (though I’m not sure), that Botswana (one of the higher scoring SS African countries apparently—see my last comment) has significantly higher living standards and education rates than most of SS Africa (and a significantly lower disease burden—at least with malaria), not sure about Uganda though. Correction: “…and Syria and Palestine (about 70 in 3PD but higher in the other re-estimate) ” I am as well. Edit: “Botswana…has significantly higher living standards and education rates than most of SS Africa—though of course substantially lower than the West/first world…” Edit: “…some parts of subsaharan Africa closer to the 80s and 90s (or around 90/high 80s-90)…” according to this all peoples have a right to a homeland except white people. they have no such right. right afro?https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heimat#Support_in_international_law afro will be forcibly repatriated within his lifetime. a voodoo priest has given me a doll of afro. it’s a tickle me elmo. she also gave me voodoo pins to stick in it. Lol! The ignorant American says that as if the majority of countries with an ethnic majority weren’t overwhelmingly located in Europe. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_ranked_by_ethnic_and_cultural_diversity_llevel This stupid idea that every tribe should have an ethnic nation is just ridiculous. Repatriated where? I have only one citizenship in case you don’t know. Also, only losers like you want a consanguine tribal nation, and no one cares about these people, at best we’ll expel them to Greenland or Siberia. Hello afro! Did you see my comment above? The one which was responded by Jm8? Yes I saw it, I forgot to reply. I was aware of this reanalysis of Lynn’s estimates. It still has the same methodological flaws. No disclosed inclusion methodology of samples, no transparent literature research methodology, and unweighted averaging of samples. The only difference is that they refined Flynn effect adjustment norms by test. Overall, this reanalysis remains as weak as Lynn’s original work. repatriated to your home country afro. afro can’t tell the difference between semantics and real life. sad! but it’s common among lawyers, especially innumerate lawyers like afro. your home country is haiti. you’re an invader. Lol, no I’ve been invited. There is no place in Haiti that I call home, nobody that I call family. Your logic fully applies to you though Native Americans did not invite you, you’re an invader. Go back to where your ancestors came from. whether haiti feels like home or not is 100% irrelevant. the frenchmen whose ancestors fought for the emperor deserve more than you. hugh capet was not black. We’re in 2017 Mug of Pee, no one cares about Hugues Capet. In fact, we kind of despise Monarchy. Anyhow, the definition of being French is not looking like historical figures nor even looking like them. Could you elaborate on who deserves what more than I do? I pay more in taxes each year than many of your Le Pen voters ever will in their life and I cost much less. The IRS wants me, not the pale illiterate bigot. now rr is deleting comments like a gay stalinist. sad! i would repatriate afro. in a trice. but i can’t. europe only admits people like you. (((europe))). rr can’t go back to italy. i can’t go back to siwtzerland or england or ireland or france. Get adopted, marry some desperate lady, apply to a job offer, buy property, start a business, become a famous artist, athlete or scientist… These are a few things you can do to settle down here. But by your definition of nationality, you’ll never become French. yes. and that’s another problem for americans like me. i am a mixture of english, irish, swiss, french, and haitian. i belong nowhere except america. on both sides of my family my ancestors have been in the US since the 17th c. i’m a direct descendant of william bradford. i and people like me deserve more but receive less than immigrants and the children of immigrants. there’s only one (((explanation))). No you don’t belong in America, you’re an invader. You don’t belong anywhere in Europe because your blood in not ethnically pure. Maybe you belong at the bottom of the oceans, in the international waters. #mugofpeelogic. yes. that’s my logic. the solution is a border wall and a moratorium on immigration. and self-deportation of recent immigrants as a result of affirmative action for americans. the same thing should happen in france. i’m a lot more american than you will ever be french afro. miscegenation is a sin, yet you plan on it with your jewish fiancee (who doesn’t exist. you’ve been affianced for 10 years.) Trump ain’t building a wall. Have you been adopted in a Native American family mug of pee? If not, you’re more foreign to this land that I’ll ever be in France. Miscegenation is great, we make the cutest babies and create the richest cultures. Marriage is 7 months away, then we’ll start Brazilifying France as soon as possible. My, this thread became cancerous… Look forward for your next articles, maybe going against other dogmatic hereditarians (again, i’m not saying that their theory is wrong but there is no credible reason to being dogmatic about it) such as the alternative hypothesis, who brag recently on twitter and his blog about how he BTFO a geneticist in a debate blablabla. I quote him because he’s considered as untouchable, invicible, the guy to go for HBD…. how he BTFO a geneticist in a debate Yep. He has incorrect views in a lot of places. I’ll probably take some time to go through some of his writing soon. rw95, Yea I’m going to cull the bullshit off-topic posts. Stay on topic Mugabe. Tried to find it but failed. I dunno if the debate he brag about was about IQ or just race alone. I do agree with his position about the existence of race but disagree with the rest such as IQ, testosterones, politics…etc He has reason to believe in his theory but no credible reason to be dogmatic about it, bragging about being a champion then claim that he do not have to respond to every criticism (I can understand for retarded criticism but ignoring valid ones?) Hey Afrosapien and RR, debated with a guy about adoption adoption studies, posted him this reanalyse: http://www.mdpi.com/2079-3200/5/1/1/htm I will copy paste his response now: (The only concrete point this paper has is that low IQ whites dropped out on the second run of the test. When adjusting for this, they concluded “w/w kids with white adoptive parents had 101.8 iq” “b/b kids with white adoptive parents had 90.1 iq” Everything else is pure speculation on how the test might be wrong. Speculation holds about as much weight as the people crying systematic racism without evidence. “adoptees cannot represent their non-adoptive ethnic group” We don’t care about this. The purpose of this experiment is to take white genes and black genes and run them through the same environment to see if they turn out the same. We don’t actually care if blacks adopted by whites are different than blacks raised by blacks, just that adopted blacks are different than adopted whites. “The second methodological issue is the Flynn effect” The flynn effect doesn’t mean anything when the test is comparing two groups that take the test at the same time. We don’t care if the average IQ went up over time; we only care about the difference in IQ between two groups that were tested simultaneously. This was valid. When adjusted by the paper for attrition, whites had 101.8 IQ and blacks had 90.1 IQ.) Thoughts on it? Yeah, the guy missed the points, I bet he doesn’t understand what he says. This paper highlights that. Once corrected for attrition in the low IQ white adoptees, mixed and white adoptees score the same, black adoptees score lower, which can be explained by their pre-adoption characteristics. So the Minnesota study doesn’t support the Hereditarian hypothesis. On the Flynn effect. WTF! Correcting for it is essemtial, none of the Asian adoptee studies had a white control sample. Yo Afrosapiens. I saw recent studies showing that environment can be highly heritable: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12322/pdf Proof of direct mutation: http://www.genetics.org/content/early/2017/05/31/genetics.117.201079 Thought on it? If these studies are proved in a large human scale, it will prove you right. Hi, I was aware of environmental agents being able to cause mutations, the links you provide here are interesting. This, added to epigenetics makes the HBD position that DNA and heritable traits are immutable and act independently of environment untenable. RR’s IQ = 85. and he has autism. sad! fugetaboutit! gabagool! So he’s smarter and more socially adept than 5 of you, then? this is what “cos” means. the bermuda data are the “get out of jail free card” for the anti-HBDers. it’s sad that the anti-HBDers are so stupid they don’t understand this. but it’s a pretty specific environment. bermuda is the richest or one of the richest territories in the world. it’s up there with monaco and qatar. so the bermuda data shows that under the best conceivable circumstances blacks achieve their potential, and their potential is the same as that of europeans. under less than ideal circumstances blacks achieve less than whites. they use roofies and do 100 chicks by age 24. i think afro is also an example of how black men are much dumber than black women, the opposite of the pattern in other races. this was noted by thomas sowell. except that gay black men are smarter than black women. this is a subtle point of biology/ecology. terms are: eurytopic vs stenotopic (said of an organism) canalized vs not canalized (said of a specific trait) blacks are stenotopic. whites are eurytopic. blacks are so stenotpic that they can only achieve their cognitive potential when… i. they are born and raised in one of the richest territories on earth, bermuda. ii. they are adopted by the 0.1% in france (and are homosexual). this is all consistent with my theory that puberty is what turns blacks stupid. so if blacks were given an orchiectomy prior to puberty they would be just as smart as whites or koreans at age 18 and later despite their smaller brain volume. the brain volume IQ correlation is real and positive within races. between races idk. and i say that as a white man with a turgenev head. Thomas Sowell also noted the same thing of Mexicans and also of certain poor immigrant groups from Europe (including Jews and Poles) in the US in the 19th/early 20th century. It is possible that (as Sowell proposed) women may be more resistant to certain environmental IQ depressors than men are. (the pattern would likely decrease as environmental depressors do). A Sowell excerpt on female iq in Hispanics (Mexicans from the visible context). “Table 12 SEX DIFFERENCES IN LATIN I.Q … However, direct comparisons between blacks and Mexican Americans are not possible from these data, which dictate a high-I.Q. cut -off score of 110 … It is striking that the female superiority pattern in I.Q.Os is found in male-dominant Latin groups, suggesting that a similar pattern among blacks …” “Essays and data on American ethnic groups” – Page 223 https://www.google.com/#q=thomas+sowell+mexican+iq+women&tbm=bks The same was seen (not only in American blacks) but also in early working class Jewish Americans (and Hispanics—and even somewhat Chinese Americans in their early years in America) and lower clss but nor (but not upper or class) white English people. “Education: Assumptions versus History: Collected Papers” page https://books.google.com/books?id=iUHVDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT13&dq=thomas+sowell+mexican+iq+women&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwidvIGSm_HWAhWKRiYKHZMMAYUQ6AEILjAB#v=onepage&q=thomas%20sowell%20mexican%20iq%20women&f=false Edit: “(the pattern would likely decrease/fade as environmental depressors do—as has seemingly occurred in some of the groups mentioned).” “…to environmental depressors than men are—the pattern seems to be mostly associated with poverty and low social status and the various conditions that associate/correlate with those things.” Edit: “…and lower class—and many rural—(but not upper or middle class) white English people.” To Jm8, sorry to distarct you but could you comment under my article of Bruce Fenton and human origins? There’s a link I want to share and discuss with you. https://notpoliticallycorrect.me/2017/07/27/origins-and-the-relationship-between-west-africans-and-hg-populations/ What would you like me to comment on re: that article—and/or the other one? From what I have read of yourBruce Fenton article, I would say you make good points there, which I would agree with—I probably should reread it though to see if I have further comments, as I may have missed some details. Fenton clearly a crackpot and very disingenuous and dishonest—hardly worth taking seriously, except that sadly many uninformed and/or biased people could be convinced, as with Klyosov, whom RR discussed—the guy who thinks humans came from Russia). I will re-read both articles and likely have one or more comments (under them) fairly soon. Well, thinking back to that article, I’ve decided to see any other evidence towards OOA being debunked with genetic and fossil evidence. Genetics wise, i’ve found this. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2017/01/18/101410 http://anthropogenesis.kinshipstudies.org/blog/2017/01/25/world-science-en-route-from-out-of-africa-to-out-of-america-first-stop-is-out-of-asia/ I want you to comment back to me when you have the time. By comment I mean under the article I linked below, I want to keep this one on topic. and peepee is not entirely wrong…just 99% wrong… that subspecies which has evolved in the most demanding environment should be the most eurytopic of all subspecies. should be. it would be interesting to look at various “invasive species” and see if this theory holds up. that is… do “invasive species” in environment A generally come from… a much more severe environment B? i’m still waiting for the eskimo takeover of wall street and mass media. eskimos do have the biggest brains. supposedly. as of today these two have been taken over by a certain mediterranean tribe, a 50/50 mixture of italian and palestinian, the ashkenazim. maybe the theory is true for all species except humans. Interesting hypothesis. Robert Lindsay believes in something akin to this. He terms it “Super environment”. Personally i think we dont have data on the plasticity of different races in the nescesary gradients of environment to determine whether your hypothesis is true or not. my theory also explains why whites are dumber than jews on average and slightly dumber than ne asians on average. it’s not that their potential is less. it’s that they are more stenotopic in the range of environments available in the last 125 years. prior to that jews were un-accomplished. flushton claimed that blacks had bigger balls than whites who had bigger balls than chinks… he was trying to be “objective”. what is true is that the sexual appetite and the changes wrought by puberty do affect adult “cognitive ability”. part of this is social. until puberty, race differences are invisible. people wanna do it with people who look like them. all love is narcissism. all sex is masturbation. one thing which the HBDers never admit because they don’t get it… is that the environment has changed immensely over the last 150 years. immensely. ashkenazi jews were not noted for their intelligence until recently. newton and galileo were not jews. the same with ne asians. 150 years ago the japs and chinks were reckoned subhuman by the british. hence the term “mongoloidism” for down’s syndrome. Fuck off. all my comments on topic. the topic of racial differences in innate cognitive ability. but the US is not the world…pace the GOP. THE WORST PERFORMING RACE-GENDER GROUP IN BRITISH SCHOOLS IS… WHITE MALES. SO IF THERE IS ANY “RACISM” IN THE UK… THE PROBLEM FOR WHITE BOYS IS… CLASSISM. CLASSISM. (afro is a classist. he hates white-trashes.) MAY HAS NO CHILDREN. THE UK AND SOUTHERN ITALY SHOULD FORM A UNION. THEN THIS UNION SHOULD BE NUKED. SO MANY PROBLEMS SOLVED. i. the mafia ii. the libertarians vaporized. Haha! Classism is a problem for white boys in Britain but racism is a myth for black boys in the US. my own theory of the indo-europeans is that their urheimat was two territories: haiti and benin. i think the haitians and benin-ers had mastered open ocean sailing 1,000 years before the spanish. but that’s just my theory. This is the singular most profoundly retarded article I have ever had the displeasure to read.You don’t even take in any other factors, but use your casual correlation to assert that Lynn must be faking data and that Whites are above all else.This is not “politically incorrect”, this is pure stupidity, in all honesty.Above all else, if you really want to find an error in Lynn’s study, you should painstakingly search for fallacies or mistakes, rather than come up with this godforsaken graph. You dont get it. Focus on the update he leaves out. Its an way to show that the “national IQ-national performance” correlations are different between different nations. And that these correlation differences are caused by race. This is 100% compatible with an hereditarian thesis, but if assuming some or total enviromentalism, would show error. The only exception is homocide. Please keep comments on topic. Evolutionary Psychology Does Not Explain Differences Between Rightists and Leftists 2000 words Unless you’ve been living under a rock since the new year, you have heard of the “coup attempt” at the Capitol building on… Racism, Action, and Health Inequity 1500 words ‘Health inequalities are the systematic, avoidable and unfair differences in health outcomes that can be observed between populations, between social groups within the… Polygenic Scores and Causation 1400 words The use of polygenic scores has caused much excitement in the field of socio-genomics. A polygenic score is derived from statistical gene associations… Binet and Simon’s “Ideal City” 1500 words Ranking human worth on the basis of how well one compares in academic contests, with the effect that high ranks are associated with… White Privilege: What It Is and Who Has It? 2550 words Discussions about whiteness and privilege have become more and more common. Whites, it is argued, have a form of unearned societal privilege which… Summer Vacation and IQ: How Summer Vacation Widens Educational Inequality 1650 words Summer vacation gives us a natural experiment to study the effects of vacation on IQ—and, unsurprisingly, the outcome is that one’s IQ is… The Nike Air Native N7—Should We Market Shoes to Specific Demographics? 1400 words It has come to my attention that near the end of 2007, Nike boasted about releasing a running shoe that specifically targeted Native… Should ‘Race’ Be a Factor in Dating? On Racial Preferences and Dating 2350 words On Twitter, user @rasmansa wrote that “One of the places race is least important is in deciding who you should be in love… The Social Construction of the ‘Hispanic/Latino/Spanish’ Race 2600 words In daily social discourse, you may have heard people referred to as ‘Hispanic/Latino/Spanish” (HLS) What does this mean? Are they referents of biological… Reply to Dino Mozardien Read the original article here. The titular person here is a blogger of population genetics and fossils concern Southeast Asia. Here represents among his latest… Follow NotPoliticallyCorrect on WordPress.com Race and Body Odor Black-White Differences in Anatomy and Physiology: Black Athletic Superiority Southern Italians and Ashkenazi Jews: What Is the Connection? White People Not 100 Percent Human? Afrocentrist Debunked Muscular Strength By Gender and Race The Black-White IQ Gap Blacks Are Not Stronger Than Whites Refuting Afrocentrism Part 2: Are Italians Black? suggestions, praises, criticisms If you have any suggestions for future posts, criticisms or praises for me, email me at RaceRealist88@gmail.com Ability to Delay Gratification (8) Abnormal Psychology (3) Adaptationism (4) Altruism (13) Autogynephelia (1) bio-ecological model (1) Black-White IQ (12) Brain size (27) Burgess Shale (1) Clannishness (13) Embryo Selection (1) Ethnic Genetic Interests (16) Evolution Denial (4) Evolutionary Mismatch (4) Facial Reconstruction (2) fat-shaming (1) g Factor (13) Genetic Similarity Theory (19) HBD (85) Human Behavior (9) Inbreeding (7) Intemittent Fasting (1) Inuits (2) Just-so stories (5) Lamarckism (1) Melanin (1) Microbiota (1) microcephaly (1) Myostatin (1) Nordicism (3) physiology (26) Race is a Social Construct (8) Race Realism (329) Refutations (68) Refuting Afrocentrism (8) Scientism (1) Scott's Posts (6) Sex Differences (10) Skin Color (3) TBI (1) testosterone (26) Transracialism (1) Twin Studies (2) Yamnaya (2)	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17244
__label__cc	0.610352	0.389648	Wordflow AI Articles Smart phones are designed to track you, no matter where you go Not New York Times 18 Feb 2020 • 2 min read With around 7,000 people on blood donations from the U.S. on lockdown and the Korean Air plane their target, security services are increasingly watching home devices to track global threats. National Security Agency workers are even monitoring such smart home devices as dozens of foreign nationals begin to fly to South Korea for the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics, according to Reuters. So now the government can track travelers from inside their homes, in real time. This kind of surveillance is now all the rage among large companies like Facebook and Google who have invested billions in artificial intelligence. But other firms have been working on smart phones in a bid to keep up with the technological innovations. Phone makers Motorola and Motorola Solutions have produced high-tech solutions in the hope to combat any threats. Headphone plugs are always plugged in, but a special “smart headphone” lets the government monitor not only who is using it, but how they are using it. This allows the authorities to track iPhones and Android devices as they click through online sites. Google also created a “smart watch” that was used to track bomb-plotters. According to Forbes, Google’s CTO said they knew of a phone being slipped inside laptops during 9/11, as terrorist hijackers left behind the appropriate change to their bank accounts. But Google realized that their original plan “may not have been the best idea” because they wanted to be able to monitor all smartphones, regardless of their manufacturer. So Google created a smartwatch that could be plugged in and tracked, with all information going to a secure Android app. The Smart Q combines together smartphone, fitness tracker, and speaker. It can be used on phones and on smart TVs. The Smart Q can be used as a phone, and a fitness tracker. The application will allow the authorities to track how you are using your phone and how many times per day. That can help them detect anyone who may be gearing up for a bomb attack. Both companies have developed similar products as a dual-use solution that can be used for both good and evil. But such hi-tech devices, it seems, will certainly pose a threat to our privacy. Read the full story at Reuters. Apple reportedly building new facial recognition technology to track attackers Would you let law enforcement to track you using your car? Samsung confirms iPhone X supermodel’s inclusion in commercial More in United States of America 16075 Shares in U.S. Physical Therapy, Inc. (USPH) Bought by Aviva PLC 2 Mar 2020 – 3 min read Bank of Montreal Can Reduces Stock Position in iShares US Real Estate ETF (IYR) New technology could soon diagnose and treat deadly infections, like sepsis 29 Feb 2020 – 3 min read Harvey Weinstein’s lawyer tried to use article to challenge jury’s impartiality Barry Ostrager, the attorney for Weinstein, sat at the defense table at Weinstein’s trial in New York this morning and read to the jury from an article that he Not New York Times 18 Feb 2020 • 2 min read Robert Alexander, Baron Alexander of Weedon Apple’s stocks hit lowest price in a decade After two years of devastating financial performance and little evidence of progress on product innovation, Apple’s stock slumped to near $170. It’s worth noting that during the company’ Wordflow AI Articles © 2021	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17245
__label__cc	0.724173	0.275827	novinbusinessschool.com Is Lying A Sign Of Schizophrenia? Can you trigger schizophrenia? Is pathological lying a symptom of bipolar disorder? Can pathological liars tell the truth? How do you fix compulsive lying? What famous person has schizophrenia? Is lying a symptom of mental illness? What are the signs of a compulsive liar? What kind of voices do schizophrenics hear? Does Bipolar remember what they say? What causes people to lie? Is compulsive lying genetic? Can a bipolar person truly love? What should schizophrenics avoid? How do you deal with a child that lies all the time? Can a compulsive liar stop lying? What causes Pseudologia Fantastica? What do I do if I am a pathological liar? Can a compulsive liar ever change? The exact causes of schizophrenia are unknown. Research suggests a combination of physical, genetic, psychological and environmental factors can make a person more likely to develop the condition. Some people may be prone to schizophrenia, and a stressful or emotional life event might trigger a psychotic episode.. There isn’t any clinical evidence that links bipolar disorder with lying, though some anecdotal accounts suggest there may be a connection. It’s thought that some people with bipolar disorder may lie as a result of: racing thoughts and rapid speech. memory lapses. Pathological liars often can’t seem to tell truth from lies and may contradict themselves when questioned. Although pathological lying has been recognized by mental health experts for more than a hundred years, there has been a limited amount of research dedicated to the disorder. We’ve got some answers to this question that can help.Examine your triggers. … Think about the kind of lies you tell. … Practice setting — and sticking to — your boundaries. … Ask yourself, ‘What’s the worst that can happen? … Take it one day at a time. … You can tell the truth without telling all. … Consider the goal of the lie.More items…• Zelda Fitzgerald Fitzgerald was diagnosed with schizophrenia in 1930, at the age of 30. She spent the rest of her life in and out of mental health facilities until her death in 1948. Her battles with mental health issues were publicly known. While some people lie more frequently than others, it is not typically a sign of a mental health condition. Pathological lying is different. It may be a sign of an underlying mental health condition, such as a personality disorder. The following are some of the scientifically recognized traits and characteristics of pathological liars.Their lies seem to have no clear benefit. … The stories they tell are usually dramatic, complicated, and detailed. … They usually portray themselves as the hero or victim. … They sometimes seem to believe the lies they tell. Most commonly though, people diagnosed with schizophrenia will hear multiple voices that are male, nasty, repetitive, commanding, and interactive, where the person can ask the voice a question and get some kind of answer.” When a person with bipolar disorder regularly exaggerates their stories, it may be that this is how they remember them. The tendency for rapid speech during a manic phase may also make a statement seem like a lie. An example of this is when the person goes on talking without reflecting. However, of the most common motives for telling lies, avoiding punishment is the primary motivator for both children and adults. Other typical reasons include protecting ourselves or others from harm, maintaining privacy, and avoiding embarrassment, to name a few. There is a type of extreme lying that does indeed appear to have a strong genetic component. Officially known as “pseudologia fantastica,” this condition is characterized by a chronic tendency to spin out outrageous lies, even when no clear benefit to the lying is apparent. This includes how they act in romantic relationships. People with bipolar disorder experience severe high and low moods. These are called manic (or hypomanic) and depressive episodes. However, with the right treatment, many people with bipolar disorder can have healthy relationships. Many people with schizophrenia have trouble with sleep, but getting regular exercise, reducing sugar in your diet, and avoiding caffeine can help. Avoid alcohol and drugs. It can be tempting to try to self-medicate the symptoms of schizophrenia with drugs and alcohol. Here are more ideas to handle deliberate lying:Make a time to talk calmly with your child about how lying makes you feel, how it affects your relationship with your child, and what it might be like if family and friends stop trusting your child.Always tell your child when you know that they aren’t telling the truth.More items…• But, don’t accuse them of lying. A pathological liar has trust issues, ironically, and if you accuse them of being dishonest, they’re going to shut down. Even if they don’t realize it, they’ve come to you for help. They want to stop lying, but they do not know how to do this. (p. Lying is a part of normal psychological behavior; it can be triggered by feelings of shame or guilt, and is often used to avoid conflict. However, pseudologia fantastica is characterized by the creation of eloquent and interesting stories, sometimes bordering on the fantastic, that are told to impress others. Treatment for Compulsive Lying. People who lie compulsively are encouraged to seek the help of a qualified therapist. A therapist can help habitual liars understand their condition and the way it affects other people. They may also reveal underlying diagnoses such as bipolar or ADHD. Over time, lying can become addictive. A habit. It feels more comfortable and more normal than telling the truth, to the point where many compulsive liars end up lying to themselves too. Unfortunately, without compulsive liar treatment, it can last a lifetime. What Game Apps Pay You Instantly? What apps pay you instantly? After you’ Question: Can You Swim 70 Degree Water? Is 75 degrees too cold to swim in ocean? 65 to 70 degrees Quick Answer: How Early Can Heart Defects Be Detected? Can a baby survive with a hole in its heart? Quick Answer: Is Cream A Cool Or Warm Color? What is Benjamin Moore’s most popular color? Question: Can I Refuse A Court Ordered Paternity Test UK? Can a baby look like the father and not be his? How Can I Fix My Cheap Teeth? How much does it cost to replace all your teeth? Quick Answer: What’S A Nickname For Jack? What does the name Joseph stand for? What does Joseph Question: How Do I Report A Doctor For Unprofessional Behavior? What happens when you file a complaint against a doctor? Question: How Do You Teach A Child Developmentally Delayed? What can I do if my child has developmental delay? Is Apple Watch 5 Discontinued? Will Apple Watch Series 5 Be Discontinued? Quick Answer: Is Fussy Eating Hereditary? Is Picky Eating genetic? CLEVELAND – Every parent has Quick Answer: What Should I Learn Before C++? Is Python written in C? Python is written in C (actually Is Wolverine A Class 5 Mutant? What is a Level 5 mutant? It is often stated that Jean © 2021 novinbusinessschool.com	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17247
__label__wiki	0.55707	0.55707	Contributions of Attribute-Based Encryption NTT Research Distinguished Scientist, Brent Waters A paper that Dr. Amit Sahai and I wrote fifteen years ago recently received some attention. Every year, the International Association for Cryptologic Research (IACR) looks back 15 years and selects three papers presented at its events that have proved to have had an enduring impact. This year the IACR honored our paper “Fuzzy Attribute-Based Encryption” from Eurocrypt 2005, a conference organized by the IACR, with one of its “Test of Time” awards. What we introduced in that paper was the concept of Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE). This award has been an occasion for me to think back over how this concept has impacted the field of cryptography. I was asked in this article to reflect on what were the research contributions of ABE and why the community cares about it 15 years later. Below I put forward three distinctive ways in which I believe the work has had impact. First, there is ABE as its own application. Traditionally, encryption was through a limited lens, where my ciphertext is targeted toward one particular individual’s public keys. Using ABE, one can share data according to access control policies. For example, a ride sharing service might encrypt sensitive information and tag it with the attributes of the GPS location of the ride, time and driver’s name. And an employee working for the company could have a policy that allows them to read all data that exist within a certain GPS bounding box of the region and were created after the employee assumed their position. There has been growing interest in industry in deploying ABE. For instance, two years ago ETSI announced standards for ABE with an eye toward deployment in 5G settings. Companies, including NTT, are actively exploring producing ABE solutions. The second type of contribution involves ABE as a component of building other cryptographic systems. This has had a significant impact in the cryptographic research community where several works have leveraged ABE to get new results. Examples include results on such problems as reusable garbled circuits, traitor tracing and non-interactive zero knowledge proofs, among others. The impact on the research community has been large, with the original paper reaching several thousand citations. Finally, the spirit and concepts of ABE have inspired us to rethink encryption in even bigger and grander ways. Here is where the idea of functional encryption comes in. Even in ABE, the end goal is to allow or disallow a user to have access to a message. In functional encryption one can allow them to only learn a function of a message. For example, I can allow my mail-server to test whether an encrypted email of mine is spam or not – but learn nothing more. The concept of functional encryption was a product that came out of the rethinking of encryption that started with ABE some 15 years ago. PrevPreviousNTT Research on Quantum Information Technologies: Approaches, Use Cases and Metrics NextA Q&A with UCLA Professor of Computer Science Amit SahaiNext	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17249
__label__cc	0.675263	0.324737	708,421 is an odd composite number composed of two prime numbers multiplied together. What does the number 708421 look like? This visualization shows the relationship between its 2 prime factors (large circles) and 4 divisors. 708421 is an odd composite number. It is composed of two distinct prime numbers multiplied together. It has a total of four divisors. Prime factorization of 708421: 7 × 101203 See below for interesting mathematical facts about the number 708421 from the Numbermatics database. Names Factors Divisors Bases Roots Scales Fun Names of 708421 Cardinal: 708421 can be written as Seven hundred eight thousand, four hundred twenty-one. Scientific notation: 7.08421 × 105 Factors of 708421 Number of distinct prime factors ω(n): 2 Total number of prime factors Ω(n): 2 Sum of prime factors: 101210 Divisors of 708421 Number of divisors d(n): 4 Complete list of divisors: 1 7 101203 708421 Sum of all divisors σ(n): 809632 Sum of proper divisors (its aliquot sum) s(n): 101211 708421 is a deficient number, because the sum of its proper divisors (101211) is less than itself. Its deficiency is 607210 Bases of 708421 Binary: 101011001111010001012 Hexadecimal: 0xACF45 Base-36: F6MD Squares and roots of 708421 708421 squared (7084212) is 501860313241 708421 cubed (7084213) is 355528384966502461 The square root of 708421 is 841.6774916795 The cube root of 708421 is 89.1450313867 Scales and comparisons How big is 708421? 708,421 seconds is equal to 1 week, 1 day, 4 hours, 47 minutes, 1 second. To count from 1 to 708,421 would take you about four hours! This is a very rough estimate, based on a speaking rate of half a second every third order of magnitude. If you speak quickly, you could probably say any randomly-chosen number between one and a thousand in around half a second. Very big numbers obviously take longer to say, so we add half a second for every extra x1000. (We do not count involuntary pauses, bathroom breaks or the necessity of sleep in our calculation!) A cube with a volume of 708421 cubic inches would be around 7.4 feet tall. Recreational maths with 708421 708421 backwards is 124807 The number of decimal digits it has is: 6 The sum of 708421's digits is 22 HTML: To link to this page, just copy and paste the link below into your blog, web page or email. <a href="https://numbermatics.com/n/708421/">Number 708421 - Facts about the integer</a> BBCODE: To link to this page in a forum post or comment box, just copy and paste the link code below: [url=https://numbermatics.com/n/708421/]Number 708421 - Facts about the integer[/url] "Number 708421 - Facts about the integer". Numbermatics.com. 2021. Web. 19 January 2021. Numbermatics. (2021). Number 708421 - Facts about the integer. Retrieved 19 January 2021, from https://numbermatics.com/n/708421/ Numbermatics. 2021. "Number 708421 - Facts about the integer". https://numbermatics.com/n/708421/ The information we have on file for 708421 includes mathematical data and numerical statistics calculated using standard algorithms and methods. We are adding more all the time. If there are any features you would like to see, please contact us. Information provided for educational use, intellectual curiosity and fun! Keywords: Divisors of 708421, math, Factors of 708421, curriculum, school, college, exams, university, Prime factorization of 708421, STEM, science, technology, engineering, physics, economics, calculator, seven hundred eight thousand, four hundred twenty-one. Copyright © 2011-2020 Numbermatics CID. All rights reserved. Third party materials are the property of their respective owners. By using this site you accept our privacy and cookie policy. Your feedback is welcome – contact us. Oh no. Javascript is switched off in your browser. Some bits of our website may not work unless you switch it on.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17250
__label__wiki	0.705756	0.705756	Scientists watch fat metabolism in live fish, observe real-time lipid biochemistry by Carnegie Institution for Science A live image of the liver of a translucent, larval zebrafish. It was taken using confocal microscopy, which allows for clear images of the internal organs of a whole live animal. Quinlivan fed a fluorescently tagged fatty acid to a larval zebrafish and then photographed its liver at 400x magnification. The round dots of varying sizes are lipid droplets, which contain a kind of fat called triglyceride. These triglycerides were constructed using the fluorescent fat consumed by the larval zebrafish. Fluorescence also shows up in the gallbladder (GB) and developing kidney (K). Credit: Vanessa Quinlivan Studying how our bodies metabolize lipids such as fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol can teach us about cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and other health problems, as well as reveal basic cellular functions. But the process of studying what happens to lipids after being consumed has been both technologically difficult and expensive to accomplish until now. New work from Carnegie's Steven Farber and his graduate student Vanessa Quinlivan debuts a method using fluorescent tagging to visualize and help measure lipids in real time as they are metabolized by living fish. Their work is published by the Journal of Lipid Research. "Lipids play a vital role in cellular function, because they form the membranes that surround each cell and many of the structures inside of it," Quinlivan said. "They are also part of the crucial makeup of hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, which transmit messages between cells." Unlike proteins, the recipes for different lipid-containing molecules are not precisely encoded by DNA sequences. A cell may receive a genetic signal to build a lipid for a certain cellular purpose, but the exact type may not be indicated with a high degree of specificity. Instead, lipid molecules are built from an array of building blocks whose combinations can change depending on the type of food we eat. However, lipid compositions vary between cells and cellular structures within the same organism, so diet isn't the only factor determining which lipids are manufactured. "Understanding the balancing act in what makes up our bodies' lipids—between availability based on what we're eating and genetic guidance—is very important to cell biologists," Farber explained. "There is growing evidence that these differences can affect wide arrays of cellular processes." For example, omega-3 fatty acids, which are lipid building blocks found in foods like salmon and walnuts, are known to be especially good for heart and liver health. There is evidence that when people eat omega-3 fatty acids, the cellular membranes into which they are incorporated are less likely to overreact to signals from the immune system than membranes comprised of other kinds of lipids. This has an anti-inflammatory effect that could prevent heart or liver disease. Farber and Quinlivan's method allowed them to delve into these kinds of connections. They were able to tag different kinds of lipids, feed them to live zebrafish, and then watch what the fish did with them. "If we fed the fish a specific type of fat, our technique allowed us to determine into what molecules these lipids were reassembled after they were broken down in the small intestine and in which organs and cells these molecules ended up," Farber explained. The tags they used were fluorescent. So Farber and Quinlivan and their team were actually able to see the fats that they fed their zebrafish glowing under the microscope as they were broken down and reassembled into new molecules in different organs. Further experiments allowed them to learn into what types of molecules the broken down fat components were incorporated. "Being able to do microscopy and biochemistry in the same experiment made it easier to understand the biological meaning of our results," Quinlivan said. "We hope our method will allow us to make further breakthroughs in lipid biochemistry going forward." Link found between types of lipid metabolism and species lifespan Journal information: Journal of Lipid Research Provided by Carnegie Institution for Science Citation: Scientists watch fat metabolism in live fish, observe real-time lipid biochemistry (2017, May 8) retrieved 19 January 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2017-05-scientists-fat-metabolism-fish-real-time.html Can we write mass in coefficients of elements in a chemical equation Is the number of significant figures of molar volume at STP (22.7 L/mol) considered? Is percent yield based on grams or moles? Radioactivity and the Periodic Table Applying desiccant to surfaces (aluminum sheet or PLA/PETG) Interpreting Energy diagrams for polyatomic molecules More from Chemistry Mice with missing lipid-modifying enzyme heal better after heart attack Intestinal cells 'remodel' in response to a fatty meal As cells age, the fat content within them shifts Refined method offers new piece in the cancer puzzle New membrane lipid measuring technique may help fight disease New research could lead to more treatment options for diabetes patients Research breaks new ground in understanding how a molecular motor generates force Using electricity to increase the amount of data that can be stored by DNA Cracking the code of a shapeshifting protein Expanding the boundaries of carbon dioxide fixation	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17251
__label__cc	0.716728	0.283272	Do I need to be a registered Green to get involved with the Pinellas Greens? What is the relationship between the Green Party of Florida and the Pinellas Greens? Are all the events posted for the Pinellas Greens? Q: Do I need to be a registered Green to get involved with the Pinellas Greens? A: No. However, to become a full voting member, you will need to be registered Green, attest to general agreement with the 10 Key Values and other requirements provided for in the bylaws. If you are not a registered Green, we welcome you to work with us. We are a democratic consensus based organization and non-members will have some voting opportunities but the Pinellas Greens are a membership based organization which reserves certain privileges to our committed members. Of course, we encourage folks to go ahead and register green and complete an application for membership to get the ball rolling. Q: What is the relationship between the Green Party of Florida and the Pinellas Greens? A: Albeit we hope the answer may change over time, currently we are an independent entity. The Green Party of Florida currently maintains ballot access and has some affiliates but doesn’t have anything to offer the work we are doing. Because of our commitment to grassroots organizing, it makes more sense for us to have a regional affiliation and partnership so we are partners with the Gulf Coast Greens where we often share talents and resources the state organization currently lacks. This relationship has proven to be more bidirectional and practical given the size of Florida and the need to have direct relationships with the people we are working with who, as well, have talents and energies available to us. Q: Are all the events posted for the Pinellas Greens? A: Not all the events we post are solely our own events. We also post events for our partners or events of interest to our broader community. Our members are primarily organizers so it’s common for them to be directly involved in other progressive organizations and efforts and we want to support those and make them available to the Pinellas community through our event calendar.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17254
__label__wiki	0.673171	0.673171	paulsemel.com games, books, music, movies, comics… DVDs/Blu-rays Williams Pinball Volume 6 For Pinball FX3 & Williams Pinball Review October 26, 2020 Paul Semel 0 Comments Williams Pinball Volume 6 PC, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PC Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PlayStation 4, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PlayStation 4 Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PlayStation 5, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PlayStation 5 Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PS4, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PS4 Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PS5, Williams Pinball Volume 6 PS5 Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Switch, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Switch Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox One, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox One Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox Series S, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox Series S Review, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox Series X, Williams Pinball Volume 6 Xbox Series X Review At a time when chaos reigns supreme, and every week brings another heartbreak (R.I.P. Eddie Van Halen), there’s something nice about playing a vintage pinball machine while sitting on your own couch. Which is exactly what you get from Williams Pinball Volume 6, the latest collection of classic pinball machines for both Pinball FX3 (Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Switch, PC) and the Williams Pinball app (iOS, Android). But while all three have their appeal, some of these virtual pinball machines are decidedly better than others. For those who haven’t played the previous volumes, the three pinball machines included in Williams Pinball Volume 6 — 1990’s “Funhouse,” 1987’s “Space Station,” and 1990’s “Dr. Dude And His Excellent Ray” — are spot-on recreations of these classic pinball tables. Not only do they boast the real sound effects and visuals (as well as the option to see reality augmented, which we’ll get to in a moment), but they also have realistic physics. Which is why the ball flying across the Space Station table doesn’t just sound like a rolling metal sphere, it moves like one, too. As for the aforementioned tables, let’s start with “Funhouse,” which is not to be confused with the table “Fun House“ that Williams released in 1956 (though wouldn’t including that have been a trip). Inspired by carnivals, “Funhouse” (not surprisingly) has a bit of an old school flavor to it. It’s rather sparse at the bottom — save for the flippers and some bumpers of course — while the top part has a series of alleyways, including one that looks like The Love Tester from The Simpsons, and another that looks like a ventriloquist dummy’s head. There’s also a railway connecting the top and bottom, though little else prevents the ball from just rolling down. Which it does, often and quickly, making this is a challenging if somewhat predictable table. That said, its simplicity is its undoing, as this isn’t as much fun as some more complicated tables we’ve played, but also doesn’t have the excuse of being a really, really old table…y’know, like “Fun House.” Taking a similarly simplistic approach as “Funhouse,” but to better effect, “Space Station” is also complicated on the upper half and spartan on the lower. Inspired more by NASA than Starfleet, the table has numerous images of the space shuttle, as well as two long railways and a very long ramp. It also has a good number of bumpers and targets, and together, they really send the ball flying. What makes this table work better than “Funhouse,” despite taking the similar approach, is that the upper half of “Space Station” is even more intricate, which means the ball’s return path is far less predictable. It’s a subtle difference, sure, but it’s the difference between playing the table for a couple hours and playing it for days. “Dr. Dude And His Excellent Ray” As with the other two, this third table is also like a mullet: party on the top, business on the bottom. Except that its top part is even more complicated, as it has a mix of alleyways and railways, as well as a section of bumpers that can catch the ball nicely for a while. It’s also the only one that has alleyways leading to the flippers. This, again, gives the ball plenty of opportunity to not only pick up speed, but to come at you from unexpected angles as well. Unfortunately, this table does have one major weakness, one that requires a bit of explanation. As I alluded to earlier, the tables in Williams Pinball series give you two visual options: classic and non-classic. (Which are not to be confused with the viewpoints you can play from, of which each table has many). In the former, the tables look like they did when they were in bars and arcades and the backs of bowling areas by the snack bar. But in the latter, the tables are visually augmented in ways you couldn’t have done back then, and probably couldn’t do now either, unless you had a ton of money and could bend the laws of physics. In the case of “Space Station,” for instance, switching from classic to non-classic — which you can do with the touch of a button, just like the anniversary versions of Halo and Halo 2 in The Master Chief Collection — adds an astronaut, some space shuttles, a space station, and some asteroids floating above the table. Unfortunately, this can backfire, as we see on the “Dr. Dude And His Excellent Ray” table. On its non-classic edition, it has a figure of the good doctor hanging out by the plunger. Though I have doubts about his medical credentials, and his street cred, given how he looks like Beavis if he grew up to be a used car salesman, makes goofy faces like Jim Carey from The Mask, and generally just goofs around, which makes more of a distraction than an augmentation. That said, the visual augmentations in Williams Pinball Volume 6, like the previous five volumes, are just that: visual. They don’t change the way the table works in any way. So while Dr. Dude may be annoying when he’s goofing around his eponymous table, he’s easily dismissed, and with no impact on the actual table. In the end, all three of the tables in Williams Pinball Volume 6 do provide the same kind of fun they did when they were in the back of a smoky pool hall, waiting for some kid with a pocketful of quarters. Granted, two of them won’t get as many of mine when I play this game again, but all three will get some the next time I need a break from the chaos of the day. ← Exclusive Interview: The Night Will Find Us Author Matthew Lyons Exclusive Interview: How The Multiverse Got Its Revenge Author K. Eason → Please Leave A Reply Cancel reply FROM THE PUBLISHER – CRYPTID CRATE \| eSpec Books on Exclusive Interview: Cryptid Crate CEO Matt Gorton & COO Mike Oreszczyn Exclusive Interview: Doors Of Sleep Author Tim Pratt ... . on Exclusive Interview: The Fractured Void Author Tim Pratt Best Video Games Of 2020 / Best Games Of 2020 ... . on DIRT 5 Review Worst Video Games Of 2020 / Worst Games Of 2020 ... . on Overpass Review Best Video Games Of 2020 / Best Games Of 2020 ... . on Pacer Review Paul Semel has been writing about video games, books, music, movies, DVDs and Blu-rays, TV, toys, and other fun stuff for more than twenty years. Along with paulsemel.com, he is a regular contributor to Common Sense Media, GameCrate, Walmart GameCenter, and other magazines and websites. Copyright © 2021 paulsemel.com. All rights reserved.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17265
__label__cc	0.682053	0.317947	The development and testing of a measure assessing clinician beliefs about patient self-management Hibbard,Judith H.;Collins,Peter Alf;Mahoney,Eldon;Baker,Laurence H. Health Expectations: An International Journal of Public Participation in Health Care & Health Policy BACKGROUND: Clinicians have been slow to embrace support for patient self-management. OBJECTIVE: To explore clinicians' beliefs about patient self-management and specifically assess which patient competencies clinicians believe are most important for their patients. METHODS: Using items adapted from the Patient Activation Measure (PAM) as a basis, a new measure that assesses clinicians' beliefs about patient self-management was created using Rasch analysis. The development and testing of the new measure Clinician Support for Patient Activation Measure (CS-PAM) is described here. Primary care clinicians from the UK and the USA were recruited to participate in the survey (n = 175). FINDINGS: The CS-PAM reliably measures clinician attitudes about the patient role in the care process. Clinicians strongly endorse that patients should follow medical advice but are less likely to endorse that patients should be able to make independent judgements or take independent actions. Endorsed to a lesser degree was the idea that patients should be able to function as a member of the care team. Least endorsed was the notion that patients should be independent information seekers. DISCUSSION: Clinicians' views appear to be out of step with current policy directions and professional codes. Clinicians need support to transition to understand the need to support patients as independent actors. Hibbard, Judith H.: jhibbard@uoregon.edu; Hibbard, Judith H.: Institute for Policy Research and Innovation, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, US Collins, Peter Alf: Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton, United Kingdom Mahoney, Eldon: Institute for Cr) Comprehensive Care;Patient-Centered Care;Outcomes	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17268
__label__cc	0.691396	0.308604	Les critèries Contrôle d’éligibilité UCLG Peace Prize at Geneva Peace Week 2020 This year’s edition of the Geneve Peace Week, which will take place online from 2-6 November, will feature a digital contribution from the UCLG Peace Prize. The video presents how the Duhok Governorate and the Municipality of Bogotá, two finalists from the 2019 UCLG Peace Prize, contribute to a culture of peace and how these initiatives are embedded in the local culture and traditions. Both the Duhok Governorate as well as the Municipality of Bogotá contribute in their own innovative ways to local peace. Duhok Duhok, a governorate within the Kurdistan region of Iraq, welcomed a huge influx of refugees and provided a safe haven to them with equal treatment and equal access to municipal and health facilities. In order to implement their initiative, Duhok set up the Board of Relief and Humanitarian Affairs (BRHA) at the beginning of the crisis, which coordinated the humanitarian aid provided. Including the refugees and internally displaced persons, Duhok has now reached around 2 million inhabitants with many different religious backgrounds, and these groups are living together in peace . The city of Bogotá has suffered under the long lasting conflicts in Colombia, and the city is home to victims and perpetrators on both sides. Now, Bogotá tries to become a symbol of the quest for peace in collaboration with civil society. They started the Shared Commemorations initiative as a remembrance platform and to promote processes of meeting, dialogue, collective recognition and deconstruction of stories between victims from both sides of the Colombian civil war. Shared Commemorations does this by means of cultural and artistic activities. To watch the video for the Geneva Peace Week 2020 click below: SDG 16 and the UCLG Peace Prize Report of Webinar and Q&A Video by Mayor Óscar Escobar of Palmira, Colombia. Prix de la Paix CGLU Le prix récompense les initiatives les plus fructueuses et innovantes et stimule d’autres gouvernements locaux à suivre le même chemin. Secrétariat du Prix de la Paix de CGLU VNG International 2500 GK The Hague, The Netherlands Tel.: + 31 70-373 8413 Email: Peace.Prize@VNG.NL Copyright © 2021 \| UCLG Peace Prize Site by Gopublic	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17272
__label__wiki	0.599015	0.599015	Polish History New Zealand Don’t Ever Give Up Last week my grandson asked me about the cartoon I have on my office wall—a frog with its head in the mouth of a heron and its hands around the bird’s neck. I found the illustration while sorting through old papers a few years ago. It had given me heart during our two years’ back and forth with New Zealand immigration officials in the 1990s, and it resonated again. I like to think that the frog managed to use his long tongue to tickle the heron’s throat, and was coughed out. I appreciate the frog’s tenacity and feel that it must have been a Polish frog: the pair are in a pond with bullrushes, evocative of a Polish wetland. Although the white eagle is legendary in Poland, and our national emblem, that stubborn frog represents what I have come to know, appreciate, and admire in the ‘ordinary’ Poles I have had the pleasure to meet and interview since this website project started in 2012. The majestic eagle flies unencumbered above its territory. It can take its pick of safe nesting sites and, as long as it can hunt, it does not need to heed problems below. The frog, however, is at the mercy of all the elements. The ones who hopped into our fishponds nearly 20 years ago soon disappeared. I still wonder they succumbed to the kingfishers, were chased by the neighbours’ cats, or simply removed themselves when we had steps put in near the ponds. I equate the eagle to the army commanders, kings, prime ministers, ambassadors, attachés, and other Very Important People who moved around relatively easily within conflict areas during WW2 and who had enough to eat, and places to sleep. A soaring eagle, even if aware of the battle between the enemy heron and the vulnerable frog, is detached through superior hierarchy. Audiences follow the eagles of this world, who tend to set the paradigm for history. I read General Władysław Anders’ book An Army in Exile after I discovered my paternal grandfather had served under him in the Second Polish Corps in Italy, and it has remained a valuable reference for several stories where I have appreciated his authoritative backup, and his number crunching. General Anders calculated that Stalin scattered a conservative 1.5-million civilian and military Poles throughout the USSR between 1939 and 1941. Only 115,000 made it out with the Polish army in 1942, including my grandparents, parents, and four uncles. Stasia Błażków Kennedy outside her home in Wainuiomata in 2015. Stasia Błażków Kennedy’s story will remain with me forever. As an eight-year-old, she guided her ailing 62-year-old father out of the USSR in 1942, after they became separated from the group of Poles they were with. Eight-year-olds should not have to help their fathers crawl to a dirty creek to drink the only water available, or find shelter, or beg for food keeping that shelter in their line of sight, but Stasia’s sheer perseverance and calm courage went far beyond her years. Stasia Kennedy led a quiet life in Wainuiomata, kept a pair of her son’s huge gumboots at her front door, and seldom shared her history. She told me it was because when she had the occasion to, New Zealanders told her she was inventing stories. It obviously hurt her not to be believed, but she shrugged off the ignorant remarks. She died on 20 April 2017. Tomorrow, New Year’s Day 2021, marks the first anniversary of Tadeusz Zioło’s death. Another man of quiet courage, Tadeusz was nine in 1940 when he and his family was removed from their home in eastern Poland by armed Soviet soldiers, and sent to a Siberian forced-labour facility. After the so-called amnesty for the Poles in 1941, he went with Stasia’s oldest brother, Władysław, to enlist in the Polish army, but was too young. Like Stasia, Tadeusz did not advertise his courage in the USSR, or later in then-Persia when he buried both his parents and cared for his younger sisters, Danuta and Alina. The siblings love for one another shone through during the interview I did with them at Tadeusz’s house in Rangiora in 2018. I will not forget the last time I saw Tadeusz after a follow-up interview with him a few months later. He stood outside his front door, smiling and waving me goodbye after another interesting chat, a delicious tea, and a huge hug. The Zioło siblings, Alina (left), Tadeusz and Danuta, at Tadeusz’s home in 2018. Janina Bąbka Iwanica phoned me earlier this year to ask whether her children could use the story I had written about her. Of course. Her voice was much stronger than I expected, because I had heard she had moved to a rest home, and I did not foresee that it would be our last chat. She died on 25 October this year. Janina Bąbka Iwanica at her home in Petone in 2013. I met Pani Janina in February 2013, after I introduced myself and this website project to the Polish community in Wellington. Then, Poles had to decide whether to take a risk in backing us by agreeing to be interviewed by someone they did not know. Pani Janina took that risk, and I loved her for it. She and her parents spent the war under the Nazi regime, her father died after inadequate treatment at a displaced persons camp in the British Zone of defeated Germany, and she arrived in New Zealand as a DP through the IRO, the International Refugee Organisation, a full seven years after the New Zealand government first accepted 733 Polish children and 105 adults in November 1944. I hope these few details of Stasia Błażków Kennedy, Tadeusz Zioło, and Janina Bąbka Iwanica will encourage you to read their full stories, the links for which I list below. They were no run-of-the-mill frogs. I know they exhausted that heron. May they all rest in peace—the quiet, real heroes. —Barbara Scrivens Stasia Błażków Kennedy’s story: https://polishhistorynewzealand.org/stasia-blazkow-kennedy/ Tadeusz Zioło’s story: https://polishhistorynewzealand.org/the-ziolo-siblings/ Janina Bąbka Iwanica’s story: https://polishhistorynewzealand.org/janina-babka-iwanica/ If you would like to comment on this post, or any other story, please email editor@polishhistorynewzealand.org. A Fuller Picture Commemorating Locked-in Anzac © Except as provided by the Copyright Act 1994, no part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system in any form or by any means without the prior permission of the copyright owner. © 2021 Polish History New Zealand.	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17273
__label__wiki	0.661005	0.661005	Johnsonian Mass Comm The Palmetto Report An award-winning news service covering Winthrop University, Rock Hill and the Carolinas. WU Muslim student group working to ‘bring sense of unity’ to campus The Muslim Student Association has been using the art of henna to help Winthrop students learn about the Islamic faith and their organization (photo: Cheyenne Walsh). Date: March 20, 2019Author: palmettoreport 2 Comments Cheyenne Walsh palmettoreport@gmail.com (ROCK HILL, S.C.) — A number of Winthrop University students and faculty are working to dispel what they said are misconceptions about Islamic faith and create a place where Muslims can represent who they truly are. The Muslim Student Association was created two years ago, to “bring a sense of unity between Muslim and non-Muslim students on campus,” according to the university’s website. “Our main, really goal is to try and bring more peace to this world, just unify students over different events and just help with the misconceptions of Muslims,” said Duha Hamed, an assistant professor of math and faculty advisor for the group. Hamed said the portrayal of Muslims in the media has led to a negative view of the faith and of its people. “Media is doing a great job splitting people into groups and it’s not something hidden, you see a lot of negativity from the media toward Muslims in general,” Hamed said. “Sadly, it’s promoting Islam as a violent religion, which is not the case, so we’re trying to help with that misconception.” A 2017 study, published by the International Communication Gazette, concluded Muslims are often framed negatively and Islam is presented as a violent religion in media coverage. Thus, Hamed was inspired to start the group, with the help of a number of Muslim students. “I thought of the idea and at the same time I was talking to someone at the organizations about it and then someone came up and told me that there were interested students to initiate such an organization,” Hamed said. Founding member Ayana Shahid began recruiting students to form the group, including Chandani Mitchell, current president of the Muslim Student Association. “She came to me because there’s not many Muslims on campus and so there’s not many organizations that talk about Islamic beliefs and clears up the misconceptions about Muslims and Islam,” Mitchell said. “So we saw this niche and she came to me and was like ‘Chandani, would you like to help me start this organization?’ And I was like ‘yeah, I wanted to do the same,’ and so we worked together.” Within the past year, Mitchell said the group has given her and other members a voice on campus to educate people about Islamic faith by hosting a number of events. One of the events was held on World Hijab Day, Feb. 1, which raises awareness of the head covering Muslim women often wear in public. “The first part of the event, we had a tabling where people could try on the hijab and see how they look and how it felt. And then also ask…Muslim women who wear the hijab questions about wearing it or any other questions,” Mitchell said. That was followed by a Winthrop sponsored cultural event, which featured a discussion about the meaning behind the hijab. The group also regularly sponsors events that allow students to get a non-permanent henna tattoo, which often features a unique and elaborate design. Recently, on a Friday afternoon, a henna tabling event attracted a line of 15 people, which is typically unheard of at Winthrop. Sophomore political science major Kalin Bennett said she sees the organization as a form of empowerment and inspiration. “I think it’s very empowering that you have a lot of people within Winthrop who are different cultures and religions, but at the same time it’s a little bit scary because with the current political state we have at the moment,” said Bennett. “I’m really admired by them because they have a lot of stamina in the current political state we have now.” The organization has one more event scheduled this semester, which will combine the efforts of multiple organizations. The Muslim Student Association; along with the Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, the Zeta Sigma Chi Multicultural Sorority, the Culture Club and possibly the Digiorgio Student Union; plans to host an event called Unity of Humanity. The first hour of the cultural event will include poets, spoken-word artists and singers performing on the theme of unity. The second hour will be a time for socializing and eating Halal, a popular dish in Islamic culture. The Unity of Humanity will be held on April 3 at 7 p.m. in the Richardson Ballroom of the Digiorgio Campus Center. As the Muslim Student Association continues its efforts to educate and break stereotypes through events, Hamed said she hopes students remember Muslims are just like everyone else. “We are just normal people. We love life, we love getting together, knowing others, bringing happiness; just like any other people around and sadly we have to take this role because who else is going to do it,” she said. Ayana ShahidChandani Mitchellcultural eventDuha HamedfaithhennaIslamKalin BennettmisconceptionMuslimMuslim Student Associationstudent organizationstudentsUnity of HumanityWinthropWorld Hijab Day Published by palmettoreport View all posts by palmettoreport Previous Previous post: WU flu cases low, despite widespread activity in SC Next Next post: Podcast: President Mahony responds to safety concerns 2 thoughts on “WU Muslim student group working to ‘bring sense of unity’ to campus” Pingback: WU’s socialist student group puts ‘ideology over politics’ – palmetto report Abhishek Sharma says: Henna is a natural herb that is popularly known as Mehandi in the most parts of Asian countries. It has been used by men and women. Henna powder is one of the ingredients that have been in use for a lot of beauty reasons. Henna plant is one of the oldest cosmetics ever,it is our own natural hair dye. It has been around long before hair colour was invented. It works both as a hair dye and a natural. Follow The Palmetto Report on WordPress.com Enter your email address to follow Palmetto Report and receive notifications of new posts by email. Campus (194) WU Int’l. Center helps exchange students adjust to life in US WU students say they enjoy online cultural events Fort Mill museum hosts annual walking ghost tours WU students adjust to wearing masks on campus People turn to pets for comfort during pandemic Humane Society now requires home visits for dog adoptions Rock Hill events a boon for downtown businesses Podcast: K-12 educators adapt to remote learning WU theatre students inspired by unique middle school program Winthrop club hosts first swing dance of semester © 2021 The Palmetto Report	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17279
__label__cc	0.625599	0.374401	Parkers Heritage Parker's Heritage Collection 8 Year Heavy Char Barrels Kentucky Straight Rye Whiskey As the first ever Kentucky Straight Rye Whiskey of the Parker's Heritage Collection, the 13th edition consists of 75 specialty barrels that were charred for a full minute and a half, as opposed to our traditional 40 seconds. These "Level 5" barrels were aged for 8 years, 9 months on the seventh floor of Rickhouse Y, where the heavier char allowed the whiskey to penetrate further into the barrel, extracting deep notes of spice and wood, resulting in an elevation of the spicy, distinctive character of our traditional Rye Whiskey mashbill. It is bottled without chill filtration at 105 proof. Nose: Chocolate & smoke Taste: Rich, smooth. Honey sweetness and big spices. Dry tannins accentuate the rye character, especially the pepper notes. Beautifully balanced. Finish: Very long & warm. Cloves & cinnamon linger. Each year as part of the Parker's Heritage Collection, we select a special whiskey to be released in the name of our late Master Distiller Parker Beam. The barrels selected for this series include Bourbon, rye and wheat whiskeys, among others, and are some of the finest and most diverse American Whiskeys ever produced. They are a fitting tribute to the expertise of Parker Beam. Proof: 105 Proof Age: 8 year, 9 months	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17281
__label__cc	0.651907	0.348093	Spain launches evasion probe of singer Shakira’s taxes June 19, 2018 - Jordan Cabigas MADRID (AP) — Pop music star Shakira is under investigation in Spain for possible tax evasion during the three years before she officially moved to Barcelona, Spanish authorities said Tuesday. Shakira is under investigation for possible tax evasion during the three years before she officially... MADRID (AP) — Pop music star Shakira is under investigation in Spain for possible tax evasion during the three years before she officially moved to Barcelona, Spanish authorities said Tuesday. Shakira is under investigation for possible tax evasion during the three years before she officially moved to Barcelona. (AP Photo/Manu Fernandez, File) /mb.com.ph Shakira switched residences in 2015 from the Bahamas to Barcelona, where she lives with her partner, Barca soccer player Gerard Pique, and the couple’s two sons. Spanish tax authorities suspect the Colombian singer already lived in the northeast city between 2012 and 2014, when she allegedly failed to pay income taxes in Spain. Prosecutor Jose Miguel Company said the tax authorities referred the probe to the Barcelona prosecutor’s office in December. He said a decision on whether to press charges or not is expected by mid-June. Anna Forastier, a spokeswoman for auditing firm PwC, said the company has been hired by Shakira for the investigation. Forastier declined to disclose any details. Shakira was named in the “Paradise Papers” leaks that detailed the offshore tax arrangements of numerous high-profile individuals, including musical celebrities like Madonna and U2’s Bono. The documents obtained by German daily Sueddeutsche Zeitung and investigated by Spanish news website El Confidencial showed that in 2009 Shakira had relocated her intellectual property rights and brands to a company based in Malta, the tiny European Union nation that has faced allegations of being a tax heaven. Shakira and Pique’s relationship dates back to 2011, when Shakira started frequenting Barcelona. El Confidencial, citing papers it obtained from offshore services providers, reported that she listed the Bahamas as her official residence until 2015. “It’s public knowledge that this is not the case,” Company told The Associated Press. If the probe finds wrongdoing, Shakira would engross a list of celebrities that have been in trouble with Spanish tax authorities, including footballers Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo. In November, Shakira cancelled the first concerts to promote her 11th album, “El Dorado,” for what she said were medical reasons. The tour is scheduled to begin in June in Germany and then stop in nine more European countries before moving to the United States. Itama po natin! – Segment 329 June 18, 2019 Flexitarian diet June 18, 2019 Exes Anne Curtis, Richard Gutierrez surprise viewers as Binibining Pilipinas 2019 hosts June 18, 2019 Pinay crowned 2019 Mrs. Asia Pacific Global in Malaysia June 18, 2019 Ormoc City sets grander Piña Festival June 18, 2019 Global immigrant rights leader to step down after 30 years Part 1 June 18, 2019 Why Real Estate IRA? June 18, 2019 The 8th Annual PAPC Plaridel Awards Call for entries June 18, 2019 Month-long Philippine Independence Day celebrations in different U.S. cities loom June 18, 2019 ON PHOTOGRAPHY: The Dance of Light and Shadow June 18, 2019 Opinion& Community Timely Truth U.S News What's up Attorney	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17287
__label__wiki	0.582165	0.582165	#Lawyer Beate Bahner UPDATE 16. April 2020: Activists: Turning on the brain and reading between the lines has become important. Bahner speaks out on police interrogation April 15, 2020, 1 p.m. Lawyer Beate Bahner Lawyer Beate Bahner attended the hearing at the Heidelberg Police Department on Wednesday, 15 April 2020. Though the police requested, she had expressly waived legal assistance. Since the interrogation report was not handed over to her in person, but can only be obtained by inspecting the file from the Public Prosecutor’s Office, a summary of the interrogation follows here based on her recollection: The police officer explained that due to her opposition to the Corona regulations of all 16 federal states and because of the invitation to a demonstration on Easter Saturday 2020 “Coronoia 2020 – never again with us. We stand up today” an investigation has been launched against her. In accordance with Paragraph 111 of the StGB, she had thereby publicly called for commiting a criminal offence. Bahner initially expressly confirmed that this public call had been made by her alone and that the homepage www.beatebahner.de is operated by her alone. No one has access to this homepage except her and her secretary. The police officer then explained that the Corona regulations contained a catalogue of fines in the event of a breach of the movement rules. The Corona regulations were based on Section 28 of the Infection Protection Act. Bahner initially replied that, unfortunately, she was not yet aware of the Infection Protection Act. Bahner then commented as follows: She wanted to apologize first to the police and the prosecutor’s office for the great uproar she had caused. She is sorry that the police now have such anger with the 200 or so people who gathered in front of the police headquarters at 1 p.m. She merely asked for lenience, since she is not familiar with the new legal situation. It was the case that she had been on holiday for the last 14 days. She had made several small city trips and had only ever been to Heidelberg for a short time in the meantime. In the first two weeks of April, she was first in Berlin. She had visited museums there and had been to the opera houses. She then went to Paris, especially to enjoy the Louvre and a boat trip on the Seine. Shortly back in Heidelberg, she finally flew to London to visit other friends, browse beautiful shops, enjoy the great museums and go to the Royal Opera House. Bahner explained once again how sorry she was: As soon as she had travelled two weeks, so much had changed in terms of law. Normally, she reads the Federal Law Gazette every day in the office in order to always be well informed. It also tries to comply with the law correctly and to behave honestly both professionally and privately. She had been on holiday for a short time and was now falling into the biggest legal trap that had ever happened to her in her life. In this case, however, she asks for mitigating circumstances: on the one hand, it is the first time that she has broken the law so massively. On the other hand, the offence of “demonstration/meetings/gatherings in public spaces” is still not to be found in the Criminal Code. She therefore again apologised very much for all these circumstances and at the same time promised to delete the name of the investigating police officer on the two police documents. In any case, this is not to be seen as appropriate under data protection law, especially since the police officer has apparently been bombarded with hundreds of telephone calls every day since this publication. Bahner also apologizes in this regard again for the data protection violation, which was also not clear to her. The conversation took place in a friendly and pleasant atmosphere in the presence of two non-legal assistants. The hearing lasted about 30 minutes. The facts are now being investigated further. An indictment for the infringement under Section 111 of the German Criminal Code may then be brought against her. There may also be a penalty order or to drop the case against a fine. Finally, a termination of the proceedings in the absence of sufficient suspicion under Paragraph 170(2) of the StPO may also be considered. However, this is hardly to be expected, given the accusation of calling out to 83 million people to commit a criminal offence. Beate Bahner, Heidelberg, April 16, 2020, 1 p.m. (Machine translation from the original GERMAN TEXT) Fake Covid-19 pandemic. German Lawyer Beate Bahner severely beaten by police and taken to psychiatric ward German Lawyer Beate Bahner is a specialist in medical law. (listen to her original report dispatched from the cell of the psychatric ward – get it below.) By Baron (slightly edited) – 13. April 2020 In Germany, everyone who does not believe in the (in any way Fake) Corona pandemic can today be taken to a psychiatric hospital, and be severely beaten, tomorrow of course one also could be murdered by police. This proves that we need to know: anything is fake, NWO is going to destroy our industries, to imprison us and later to kill us with the ‘vaccine’ of Bill Gates. Not one of the German MS presstitues has reported today about this unbelievable mistreatment of a professional lawyer and the gross violation of human rights by Merkel’s Criminal NWO Gang. Today psychiatric punishment is tested in Germany, tomorrow such will arrive in the USA, be sure. Only the Rhein-Neckar-Zeitung (RNZ) newspaper reported briefly online that the Heidelberg lawyer Beate Bahner, who applied for an urgent decision against the Corona Ordinances before the Federal Constitutional Court, and had her case thrown out, was brutally arrested and taken to a psychiatric institution in a high-security jail facility on Sunday evening. Bahner herself complains of forced admission under massive violence (audio below). According to google, other news portals or media did not report anything on the case by Monday evening. “She made a very confused impression”, a police spokesperson explained the action to the RNZ. In the meantime, the article could no longer be accessed for some time on the newspaper’s website. The only way to find the basic statement – the admission to a psychiatric clinic – was via the google archive. Now the article is online again – but it is only an old version with the psychiatric admission as an update. There it says that she published a “resurrection decree” on her website and declared the government imposed shutdown to be over. Also on the lawyer’s page many pages appear to have been removed. But on the internet there is now an audio message, apparently coming from Mrs. Bahner speaking directly from the isolation ward and addressed to her sister, in which she tells quite calmly and not confused how she was stalked by a car and then ambushed and how police brutally attacked her during her arrest (listen to it below or via this link or this soundcloud): “The police came, they handcuffed me, in the back, pressed me to the floor, rolled me in the dirt, used massive police violence. …then they took me to the psychiatric ward, then I asked them to let me sit down, then the policeman said, sit down, there is a bench here, then he pushed me down on the floor and slammed my head from a height of one meter onto the stone floor, I still haven’t been able to get it bandaged…then four of them carried me to the doctor… I didn’t get a lawyer, I wasn’t allowed to call anybody… then they forced me to stay all night in the Guantanamo high security wing of the psychiatric hospital… I was on the floor, no toilet, a sink, no soap, no towel, nothing else…“ Although she is by now held for almost 24 hours, there is still no court order, Bahner said in the audio message. While she had to sleep during the first night on the bare floor, she has in the meantime, however, been provided with a bed and other amenities. She further speaks of “tyranny” and a worldwide “fake” with Corona – the virus and the measures against it. Even if one does not share this view of her and considers it extreme, the question is whether it justifies forced admission to a psychiatric hospital. The point above all is that totalitarian regimes are known to have used such methods; in the Soviet Union and the GDR, for example, such admissions were regularly common practice in dealing with people who too openly and actively criticised or even fought against socialism, which from the point of view of those in power at the time was “scientifically proven”. On the lawyer’s channel in the social network “telegram” it reads:“Beate Bahner was arrested on Easter Sunday at 7.30 p.m., severely mistreated by the police and held in a high-security prison, offshoot of the psychiatric hospital Heidelberg for 24 hours. Now imprisoned until further notice in the closed new “isolation ward” of the Heidelberg psychiatric hospital after her willingness to wear mouthguards [face-masks] there. This ward is actually for patients suffering from depression and is completely empty. There is no court order or public prosecutor’s investigation. Please share this message together with the voice message.” I will continue to monitor the situation and update it if necessary. Police investigations were initiated against Bahner following her announcement that she was going to file a constitutional complaint, and now the apparatus has been activated because she had called for a demonstration against the state-imposed Corona measures. The police visited her in her office and switched off her website. At that point and understandably, the lawyer reacted very emotionally, spoke of a dictatorship in Germany and said she would return her license to practice law (which later she decided to not do). [The website was then back on again on 13. April 2020 with partly tampered pages, but then again on 14. April 2020 it is not reachable – an archived version can be found HERE]. On 14. April 2020 then her NEW WEBSITE went online and then offline again. It is at present not known if state-security is tampering with her website or the website problems are based on other issues. We will contiue to monitor. UPDATE 14. 04. 2020: Website https://www.beatebahner.de/ works again (in German) A few days before this incident, the German state of Saxony (former GDR) announced that they would put quarantine refuters and corona-virus deniers in psychiatric hospitals. “The state has prepared nearly two dozen rooms in psychiatric clinics where the police will guard those who cannot be taught,” reported the newspaper Die Welt. And further: “In Saxony, anyone who refuses the order of domestic quarantine can be detained in a psychiatric clinic since Thursday [last week];” and added: “It is important for all our health and lives that people comply with the quarantine orders of the health authorities,” the MDR quotes the state’s Minister of Social Affairs, Petra Köpping (SPD). Professor of Political Science Jerzy Maćkóv, university Regensburg, commented this news on facebook as follows: “Tchaadayev was the name of the philosopher who criticised Russia’s history and was declared insane by the Tsar in return and was subsequently forced to undergo regular medical examinations. Communists in the Soviet Union, as is well known, took similar action against their critics – a continuity that speaks volumes. Now comes the harrowing sequel – legally sanctioned.” In Switzerland, too, police arrested a 58-year-old medical doctor on Saturday and admitted him to a psychiatric clinic. He had allegedly written corona-sceptical tweets previously, according to the portal “20 Minuten”. According to the police, he has spread threats against family members and authorities. Report by Beate Bahner Google and Youtube delete videos and information continuously, hopefully the piece below will be not quickly removed. However, download her original report as we did and it then would go up on BitChute or other websites like https://banned.video that can’t be controlled (yet) by the emerging global Neo-Nazi governance. Hear also on SOUNDCLOUD (in German) Voice of Mrs. Bahner in German language. Original Video text: Immer öfter wird der Faschismus sichtbar, Schweizer Arzt und Deutsche Rechtsanwältin nach Kritik an den Corona-Maßnahmen in Psychiatrie. [Fascism becomes visible more an more often, Swiss medical doctor and German lawyer in psychiatric wards after criticism of Corona.] UPDATE 14. April 2020: Beate Bahner freed Beate Bahner was on Tuesday evening, 14 April 2020 released from the high-security prison Heidelberg, Psychiatry station (“ISOLATION WARD”) Heidelberg, Voßstraße 4, headed by its medical director Prof. Dr. Sabine Herpetz. It is thus possible for her to attend the hearing on Wednesday, April 15, 2020, 1 p.m. in Heidelberg, police headquarters Römerstr. 2-4. The Heidelberg Public Prosecutor’s Office is investigating Beate Bahner on charges of “public incitement to commit crimes” under Section 111 of the German Criminal Code (StGB). Beate Bahner will comment on the matter. Legal representation: Beate Bahner does not need legal representation, after almost all the legal profession and almost the entire judiciary have failed during full two weeks, thus contributing to the abolition of the rule of law In German and the lightning-fast establishment of the most monstrous and most horrific regime of injustice that the world has ever seen. COURT RULING GIVEN BY THE GERMAN FEDERAL CONTITUTIONAL COURT Judges: Presiding Judge – HARBARTH, Lady-Judge – BRITZ, Judge – RADTKE UPDATE VIDEOS 15. April 2020: We Are The People “Wir sind das Volk”. Lawyer Beate Bahner at CID HQ Heidelberg •Apr 15, 2020 W.I.M. – Wirtschaft Information Meinung In the early afternoon of 15 April, dozens of protestors rallied in front of the Heidelberg Criminal Police building where Ms Bahner had just been interviewed for alleged incitement to commit criminal offences. Ms Bahner told the assembled crowd that she had been given a date, apparently for a further interview. Heidelberg: Policer threatens unsuccessfully to dissolve the media event and support ralley for Lawyer Beate Bahner Complete Speach given by Beate Bahner at CID HQ Heidelberg Coronavirus lockdown: German lawyer detained for opposition By Alex Thomson, Eastern Approaches – Tuesday, 14th April 2020 A large number of well-established doctors and lawyers in the German-speaking countries have questioned the constitutionality of their governments’ stringent confinement measures, which are commonly being referred to by the English loan-word der Shutdown (as there is no precedent for what to call the situation in German). These measures have begun to be challenged openly on the streets of Berlin. The medical and legal dissidents number in the dozens. None, however, has paid such a price for that freedom of speech as the German medical lawyer Beate Bahner, who has been committed to a psychiatric institution for publicly disagreeing with the measures and policies followed by the German government. No right to demonstrate Beate Bahner, in the southern German state of Baden-Württemberg, has a 25-year career and has won three cases before the Federal Constitutional Court (German Supreme Court) in the domain of unlawful infringements of the right to practise one’s profession. She has written five books on medical law, most recently an analysis of the 2016 federal act to tackle corruption in the healthcare system. On Friday 3 April 2020, Ms Bahner issued a press release decrying the German government’s Coronavirus measures as “flagrantly unconstitutional, infringing to an unprecedented extent many of the fundamental rights of German citizens”. The statement argued that the small minority of the public that was at risk of serious harm in the event of contracting Covid–19 could be far more suitably protected by means of targeted measures based on the principle of adult responsibility for safeguarding one’s own health. She continued: In particular, these measures are not justified by the Infection Prevention Act, which was hurriedly amended just a few days ago. Long-term restrictions on leaving home and meeting others, based on high-death-rate modelled scenarios (which fail to take account of actual critical expert opinions), and the complete shutdown of businesses and shops with no proof that they pose any risk of infection, are thoroughly unlawful. Noting that the Federal Ministry of Health had failed so far to supply protective equipment to medics and care workers and to conduct enough random tests to establish the actual rate of infection in the population, Ms Bahner went on in her press release to predict that the shutdown would have “devastating consequences for society, the economy, democracy and above all human health”, and indicated her readiness to take the matter to the Federal Constitutional Court, since the lockdown represented a grave violation of the constitutional principle of proportionate measures and an abandonment by the state of its duty to guarantee the liberty and health of its citizens. Ms Bahner followed up that press release with a nineteen-page legal analysis published on 7 April entitled Why the shutdown is unconstitutional and the greatest legal scandal in the post-1940s history of Germany. The headings of the document are as follows: 1. The Coronavirus Regulations in the State of Baden-Württemberg — grounds; citizens’ responsibilities and demands made on them; lack of state competence to issue the regulations; curtailment of practically all fundamental rights and freedoms; the need to nullify all Coronavirus regulations with immediate effect 2. The Infection Prevention Act forms no legal basis for the shutdown — intent and purpose of the Act; notifiable diseases and evidence of pathogens 3. Epidemic containment measures — those restricted to persons actually ill or suspected of being bearers; those applying only marginally to healthy persons; the administrative law precedent from the measles ruling; the unlawfulness of a blanket shutdown of institutions and businesses; shutdown constitutes a severe and unconstitutional impingement of the freedom to practice one’s profession 4. The Act is meant to ensure people assume responsibility for their own health — spread of Covid–19 by droplets; following the Chancellor’s guidance; every citizen’s right to immunisation; quarantines are supposed to confine the sick, not the healthy 5. The local state Coronavirus Regulations flagrantly breach the Basic Law — state governments have disregarded the federal government’s lawful regulation; the shutdown is the greatest legal scandal in the history of post-War Germany; criminal offences by the state government and police; the ban on demonstrations has suspended the right to resist; fines and detentions are unlawful After these substantive sections, Ms Bahner closed her document with three brief appeals: An appeal to the Chancellor and all heads of government to end the tyranny at once A call for a nationwide demonstration at 3 pm on Easter Saturday The oaths of all lawyers and judges bind us to safeguard the rule of law It was the second of these appeals, to demonstrate against “coronoia” (Coronavirus paranoia), that landed Ms Bahner in trouble. In full, it read: Fellow citizens, I hereby invite all 83 million of you across the nation to gather and demonstrate peacefully at 3 pm on Easter Saturday: Coronoia 2020 — [Tyranny] never again. We rise up today! In accordance with §14.1 of the Assembly Act, please give the competent authority prior notification of your intent to demonstrate. Website takedown The next day, Heidelberg Police announced their intention to prosecute Ms Bahner for this appeal, on the grounds of Article 111 of the German Penal Code: He who publicly, whether in a gathering or by disseminating writing, encourages an illegal act will be prosecuted for incitement. The police notification sent to Ms Bahner, ordering her to appear for interview as a criminal suspect on 15 April, stated: As I have not been able to reach you personally, I inform you by this letter that due to your public call to commit criminal acts (national gatherings at 3 pm on Easter Saturday despite a ban), your website will immediately be switched off. An order to that effect is being sent to the company 1&1 Telekommunikation SE. Ms Bahner’s website was duly switched off that day (9 April) but was available again the next day. Supreme Court declines case Meanwhile, as previously announced, Ms Bahner had submitted a 36-page urgent motion to the German Constitutional Court regarding the unlawfulness of all 16 German federal states’ Coronavirus measures, on 8 April. At closing time on Good Friday (10 April), the Constitutional Court faxed its refusal to hear her motion, finding it inadmissible as a matter of inferior administrative law. Violent committal to psychiatric clinic On Easter Monday, a recording was uploaded of a calm 12½-minute voicemail left by Ms Bahner for her sister, describing a massively brutal swoop on her home on Easter Sunday evening (12 April). The voice in the recording matches a previous video recording of Ms Bahner (ironically, one in which she describes nursing liability law). In the voicemail, Ms Bahner recounts: I went into the garage and found a car following me suspiciously. After standing in front of my car for ten minutes, I sensed something was not right and ran back out of the garage. Stupidly, I didn’t run into the house, because my secretary had gone to get her car on Voss-strasse and she just didn’t show up again … I asked a passing car to call the police for me. They simply kept refusing to [respond] for five minutes, and then I realised it had been a huge mistake to call the police, because at the moment I’m Number One Enemy of the State. When the police did arrive, I told them I felt threatened. They brought the handcuffs out and pushed me to the ground with massive force. They kept me sitting in their car for ten minutes with my hands cuffed behind my back, then they drove me around the corner to the psychiatric clinic. There were four police officers there, three nurses, and a doctor, though she only arrived ten minutes later. I asked to be allowed to sit down and was shown to a bench. Then I asked to have the handcuffs taken off, since it was actually I who had requested police protection. But instead, I was thrown to the floor again, having my head hurled onto the stone floor from a metre (3 ft) height, which nobody reacted to. Then they asked me whether I wanted a face mask, which of course I declined. Because I refused to move, they physically carried me to the doctor, who asked me “why I felt threatened”, even though they all know perfectly well who I am. I was told I would not be given a lawyer. She goes on to describe in the voicemail her unfamiliarity with the psychiatric facility to which she was taken, even though she is a local lawyer who apparently had to visit clients in that clinic in the past: Then I was forced to spend the night lying on the floor in some high-security Guantanamo psychiatric clinic, which I didn’t recognise; it’s been renovated. There was no toilet, no sink, though they did allow me water, and there was a bell I could ring, though they ignored it after the third time I pressed it. After a further ten minutes of description of how Ms Bahner was “upgraded” from the floor of an isolation cell to a proper furnished room with good nurses, she ends the voicemail to her sister with the observation: I have been held here for 20 hours now. If people don’t finally wake up, this is going to turn into the worst régime of terror ever … We are being tyrannised by evil, evil, evil forces. Last night, I was petrified of being killed, of being forceably injected. I am fearful of being disappeared … Because I had been without a mobile phone at the time I was arrested, I had no way of contacting anyone … I have a summons for Wednesday [15 April] because I allegedly breached Article 111 of the Penal Code, “Incitement to Criminal Acts”. I called upon people to demonstrate! Freedom of speech was the most fundamental constitutional right in Germany, and in the space of three months it has become a criminal act. Ms Bahner’s presence at the Klinik für Allgemeine Psychiatrie on Voss-strasse in Heidelberg, a university clinic, was confirmed on Tuesday 14 April in a telephone call by journalist Hagen Grell. The clinic told him that it had put out a public statement on the case and refused to allow him to speak to Ms Bahner, but suggested that if he were able to obtain her mobile telephone number, he would be able to call her directly. The detention has also been reported by local Heidelberg media, regional media and a national news source. Ms Bahner’s interview for “incitement to commit criminal acts” is reportedly scheduled for 1 pm on Wednesday 15 April at the K6 Heidelberg Criminal Police Department on Römerstrasse. On Tuesday 14 April, Attorney W. Schmitz wrote to the German Federal Bar Association that it should take up Ms Bahner’s case, if only because the Psychiatric Treatment Act did not in his understanding justify the committal of a person to an institution on the “alleged perception of a police officer” that she appeared confused. He added: I should not have to add that Ms Bahner’s claims of very grave abuse have very untoward connotations of the darkest chapters of German history. The mere fact that she claimed to have been so badly abused was what prompted me to write to you. Ms Bahner is in the company of over 50 well-known experts in criticising the nationwide lockdown; I would be glad to furnish you with a list of their names. If it really is the case that lawyers critical of government measures can now be intimidated using the state legal apparatus or psychiatry, and can be professionally and socially destroyed, then it is five minutes to midnight in this country. Confinement of whistleblowers in psychiatric institutions, an old Soviet technique, has previously been reported by UK Column from Lancashire (in our most viewed ever video, an interview with social worker Carol Woods, who we understand has recently been released but remains at threat from persecutors); from North Yorkshire (in the Hofschröer case, extending to Germany and Austria); from Nottinghamshire (the case of Melanie Shaw, who is now being well looked after in another institution); and from Cornwall (the case of Emma, a mother who had reported apparent sexual grooming going on at her child’s primary school). UPDATE: A statement on Ms Bahner’s website of Wednesday 15 April indicates that she was released from psychiatric committal the previous evening. In the early afternoon of 15 April, dozens of protestors rallied in front of the Heidelberg Criminal Police building where Ms Bahner had just been interviewed for alleged incitement to commit criminal offences. Ms Bahner told the assembled crowd that she had been given a date, apparently for a further interview. Ms Bahner’s statement ends: Beate Bahner requires no legal representation, since practically the whole legal profession and the whole judicial system has utterly failed in the past two weeks, thereby contributing to the abolition of the rule of law and the lightning-quick setting-up of the most monstrous and appalling régime of injustice that the world has ever seen. A statement of 14 April by the Heidelberg Public Prosecutor, the body’s second press statement on Ms Bahner, announces that her prosecution by criminal police and the State Security Department is continuing and insists that the criminal proceedings against her have nothing to with “either the psychiatric committal of the accused or any other use of force by law enforcement”. German mainstream media only came out two days after the incident. German Lawyer Sent to Psychiatric Ward for Organizing Protest Against COVID-19 Lockdown Resistance to mass house arrest is mental illness. By Kurt Nimmo – 15. April 2020 In the Soviet Union, activists were sent to state psychiatric wards. According to the state, any and all opposition to government policy was considered a form of mental illness. Stephanie Buck writes about the treatment of the “social parasite” Joseph Brodsky. In 1963, Russian poet Joseph Brodsky was seized and sent to a mental institution… Hospital workers pumped him with tranquilizers and repeatedly woke him during the night. He was given cold baths and wrapped in wet canvas that shrank and cut his skin while drying. It is not likely German lawyer Beate Bahner will be tortured like Brodsky. However, that does not make her arrest and forced confinement in a mental institution any less egregious. Welsh hill farmer @FreeWales It has begun: German medical lawyer Beate Bahner, who has been committed to a psychiatric institution for publicly disagreeing with lockdown.https://www.ukcolumn.org/article/coronavirus-lockdown-german-lawyer-detained-opposition … ukcolumn.org 9:35 PM – Apr 14, 2020 “Bahner had become known in the past few days with a call for nationwide demonstrations and an urgent application for the abolition of all corona protective measures,” reports Welt. “The [medical specialist] lawyer from Heidelberg considers the corona rules to be excessive and advocates for them to be abolished.” Prior to her arrest, which she resisted, Bahner’s website was shut down at the request of the Mannheim police, according to the newspaper. World Updates @Rntk____ Hundreds pour onto the streets of Berlin to protest. Protest to end the lockdown #COVID19 9:59 AM – Apr 14, 2020 In America, the state has yet to lock dissidents up in mental institutions, although police have threatened people for attending church services and disobeying social distancing mandates. In Mississippi, parishioners were fined $500 for attending a drive-in church service. In Massachusetts, the governor and local government control freaks ordered citizens to wear masks. The city of Lynn imposed a mandatory curfew. Authorities in Minneapolis charged twenty-three people with violating stay-at-home orders. In Australia and Britain, police are fining citizens for daring to go outside (doing so in Queensland will result in a $100k fine). The dictator president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, has ordered police and the military to shoot and kill all in violation of an iron-fisted lockdown. As a nation-wide lockdown and draconian measures destroy business, jobs, and lives, people are beginning to resist. In Michigan, protesters gathered outside the state capitol to denounce Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s lockdown. “We do not agree with or consent to our unalienable rights being restricted or rescinded for any reason, including the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Michigan United for Liberty on its Facebook page. Alex Berenson ✔ @AlexBerenson Wow. The Michigan anti-lockdown Facebook group gained another 45,000+ followers yesterday and is now close to 310,000, ~4% of the state’s adult population. Wonder how many will show up for the protest. Troy @Yortious #stopthelockdown #TheRealDonaldTrump This will only get worse until we reverse course on this lockdown. Which is destroying our economy, everything America stands for around freedom, and peoples livelihood.https://www.foxnews.com/politics/coronavirus-stay-at-home-orders-protests-economy … Coronavirus stay-at-home orders stir protests nationwide amid fears of economic collapse At least 15,000 cars and trucks are expected to descend on Michigan’s state capital on Wednesday to protest what they are calling Gov. Gretchen Whitmer’s tyrannical new guidelines to slow the spread…foxnews.com In Raleigh, North Carolina the police denounced a protest against lockdown as “non-essential activity,” a direct violation of the First Amendment. I wanted to believe this was a joke or a hoax – @raleighpolice calling a protest a “non-essential activity” and arresting someone for speaking out against the state’s lockdown. But it is as real as Stalin. 11:11 PM – Apr 14, 2020 Protesters angry with Gov. Mike DeWine’s lockdown order interrupted a coronavirus briefing at the Ohio Statehouse on Thursday. 10TV ✔ @10TV Protesters gather outside Ohio Statehouse during coronavirus briefing https://bit.ly/2K4Yc6x #10TV 10:31 PM – Apr 9, 2020 Officialdom has warned lockdowns may be in place until a vaccine is manufactured, possibly 18 months from now. This is a sure recipe for civil unrest and violence. It is not feasible for millions of people—and billions around the world—to endure lockdown and other authoritarian measures, possibly indefinitely. In Germany, the state has moved to declare opposition to the destruction of civilization a mental illness. As more people resist mass house arrest and enforced privation, the state will undoubtedly resort to measures above and beyond locking activists up in mental institutions. NORAD and the Pentagon have planned for civil unrest for some time. The military is now engaged in a PR campaign to “reassure the public” that it will use the appropriate protective equipment as it prepares to put down inevitable uprisings. Antiwar.com @Antiwarcom NORAD Wants Photos of Troops to ‘Reassure the Public’ Seeks photos of troops in US wearing proper protective equipment#NORAD #Coronavirus #Covid19https://news.antiwar.com/2020/04/13/norad-wants-photos-of-troops-to-reassure-the-public/ … See Antiwar.com’s other Tweets Auhor: Kurt Nimmo writes on his blog, Another Day in the Empire, where this article was originally published. He is a frequent contributor to Global Research. The original source of this article is Copyright © Kurt Nimmo * Note to readers: Forward this article to your email lists. Crosspost on your blog site, internet forums. etc. If the case would succeed at the European Court for Human Rights is questionable in the present political landscape: By Masrur Ulfaruq – 12. April 2020 So ist das halt: Die Ratten sind alle eine grosse selbst- u. eigennützige Familie! Fast jeder 4. Richter am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ist eng mit Soros verbunden (Video) Eine Studie behauptet, dass fast ein Viertel der Richter am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte enge Verbindungen zu NGOs von Soros haben und trotzdem über Fälle entscheiden, in die Soros-NGOs verwickelt sind https://dieunbestechlichen.com/2020/04/fast-jeder-4-r.. Fast jeder 4. Richter am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ist eng mit Soros verbunden (VIDEO) dieunbestechlichen.com https://www.youtube.com/embed/EPEq0lLK3_o?version=3&rel=1&fs=1&autohide=2&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&wmode=transparent Soros #EuGh #AntiSpiegel Fast jeder 4. Richter am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte ist eng mit Soros verbunden •Mar 8, 2020 Eine Studie behauptet, dass fast ein Viertel der Richter am Europäischen Gerichtshof für Menschenrechte enge Verbindungen zu NGOs von Soros haben und trotzdem über Fälle entscheiden, in die Soros-NGOs verwickelt sind. NGOS AND THE JUDGES OF THE ECHR, 2009 – 2019 This report exposes the relationships existing between several judges of the European Court of Human Rights and NGOs that are active before this Court. It analyzes the various problems that these connections cause, and seeks solutions. Previous Previous post: #Lest You Did Not Know: German Lawyer Who Criticised Lockdown and Called for Protest Institutionalised Next Next post: ##Lawyer Beate Bahner: Coronakrise: Big Pharma und das Geschäft mit den Impfstoffen	cc/2021-04/en_middle_0086.json.gz/line17288

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