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Turkey citizens taken to court for calling interior minister 'bald'
Turkish citizens are being investigated for calling Minister of Interior Süleyman Soylu bald, opposition Cumhuriyet newspaper reported on Saturday.
An investigation was launched in 2020 against lawyer Tugay Bek for calling Minister of Interior Süleyman Soylu "the bald-headed person." Bek was charged with the "insulting a public officer." However, the prosecutor had declared to proceed no further in the investigation.
A further investigation has been launched against one of Bek’s clients for calling Soylu bald, Cumhuriyet reported.
It is revealed that the posts shared under the #sensuskel (shut up, bald guy!) subject to investigations are detected by "virtual patrol activities" canceled by a Constitutional Court decision, Cumhuriyet said.
Earlier, social media accounts were followed by the Police Department of Combating Cybercrimes and its branches. It was done on the Internet and was called "Virtual Patrol Activity".
The Turkish police were authorized in 2017 to conduct research in a virtual environment to pursue cybercrimes with the governmental decree No. 680, which was introduced under the state of emergency.
‘’The fact that even calling the Minister of Internal Affairs ‘bald’ is the subject of an investigation at the current stage is a clear indication of how much the limits of freedom of expression have been narrowed’’, Bek said.
CHP Istanbul chair files lawsuits against Erdoğan, Soylu over ‘terror’ accusations
Turkish gov’t targets opposition MP Gergerlioğlu over mistreatment accusation
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'Soho Karen' arrested in California
‘Soho Karen’ was arrested in California. Photo: CONAN Daily
Lea en Español
Miya Ponsetto, the 22-year-old who attacked a 14-year-old black young man, accusing him of stealing her phone, gets arrested.
by Natalia Puertas Cavero
Imagine this: You are 14 years old and at a New York hotel with your father. You go downstairs to get some breakfast and as you're heading to the hotel cafeteria you realize that there is some noise at the front desk — something about an Iphone. Suddenly, a young girl comes up to you screaming that you have stolen her cell phone.
The girl was a guest at the hotel until a few days ago, she shouldn't be there anymore, but the hotel manager still asks you to show the woman what you have in your pockets. You have an Iphone too, but it's the one your parents bought for you.
The girl starts screaming at you to prove that phone belongs to you, but why would you carry a phone that's not yours in your pockets? Your father, who is filming the whole thing, tells you that you don't have to prove anything to this person. You listen to your father and keep going.
The girl runs towards you and tackles you to the ground. When your father tries to stop her, she hits him.
Welcome to another instance of being a young Black man in America.
The incident involving Miya Ponsetto, known in social media as 'Soho Karen', at the Arlo Hotel in New York, is a clear case of racism. It all happened the day after Christmas, when Miya was no longer a guest at the hotel. The young woman, who was looking for her Iphone at the hotel's reception desk, accused and attacked a Black teenager, Kenyon Harold Jr., without hesitation.
Both the woman and manager acted out of racism, assuming the young man, because he is black, could be the thief and without even considering that he was a hotel guest.
Days after the incident, a New York Post reporter asked Ponsetto outside a restaurant in California if she was concerned about the arrest warrant and what her motive was for attacking Keyon Harrold Jr. to which Miya responded, "I'm actually 22 years old, so I don't know what the problem is here — and I'm also Puerto Rican," implying that because he was of Latino origin her behavior could not have been racist.
The New York police arrested Ponsetto in California days after the incident and the teen's family have filed for Ponsetto to face criminal charges
The 22-year-old woman caught on camera allegedly physically attacking a 14-year-old Black teen and falsely accusing him of stealing her phone was arrested in California.
In an exclusive interview, Miya Ponsetto and her lawyer spoke with @GayleKing hours before she was arrested. pic.twitter.com/ezaGkcWZ8j
— CBS This Morning (@CBSThisMorning) January 8, 2021
On an interview for CBS This Morning, Miya didn't seem to be ashamed or having any regrets about her actions, she even mentioned that she doesn't really understand "what her crime is."
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| ERROR: type should be string, got "https://apnews.com/article/fact-check-reno-doctor-selfie-6d26d70305a1599bf3ce82bf874a9934\nAP Fact Check\nNevada doctor’s selfie used to claim COVID-19 is a hoax\nBy BEATRICE DUPUY December 2, 2020 GMT\nThis Nov. 12, 2020 selfie photo provided by the Renown Regional Medical Center shows Dr. Jacob Keeperman, the Renown Transfer and Operations Center medical director who snapped the photo on the opening day of the Renown Regional Medical Center's alternative care site located in a parking garage. Keeperman's photo was being misrepresented online to support the false narrative that the coronavirus pandemic is a scam. (Jacob Keeperman/Renown Regional Medical Center via AP)\nA photo of a hospital’s alternative care site in Reno, Nevada, is being misrepresented on social media to fuel the false narrative that the coronavirus pandemic is a hoax, even as cases surge in the state.\nRenown Regional Medical Center has been the primary target of renewed conspiracy theories online suggesting that hospitals are empty and the virus is not as dangerous as top medical officials say it is. The hospital opened an alternative care site with two floors of supplemental hospital beds inside a parking structure on Nov. 12 to accommodate an overflow in COVID-19 cases if needed.\nHere’s a look a closer look at the situation.\nCLAIM: A photo showing a doctor standing in front of empty hospital beds at a Reno, Nevada, auxiliary care site for COVID-19 patients proves that the coronavirus pandemic is a hoax.\nAP’S ASSESSMENT: False. The photo was taken the day the alternative care site was opened, and patients had yet to arrive. Renown Regional Medical Center said the site, which is housed in a parking garage, has treated 198 coronavirus patients since it first opened.\nRead More Fact Checks:\n– AP FACT CHECK: Trump's claims of vote rigging are all wrong\n– Facebook to remove COVID-19 vaccine-related misinformation\n– Do “self-cleaning” elevator buttons really work?\nTHE FACTS: In recent weeks, social media posts have shared a variety of falsehoods about the hospital’s parking garage site, with some posts saying that visitors went there and found no patients, which they then cited as evidence that the virus is a hoax.\nPresident Donald Trump propelled the misinformation Tuesday, retweeting the photo of the doctor amid empty beds to his more than 80 million followers.\n“Fake election results in Nevada, also!,” he said of the tweet suggesting that the parking garage site and pandemic were both fake.\nAccording to Renown hospital officials, the alternate care site in the parking structure currently has 42 patients and has served 198 patients since opening day in November. The site, which was set up for patients who do not require long-term care, can house more than 1,400 patients.\nThe Twitter account making the accusations about the Renown facility has repeatedly criticized the state’s governor for his coronavirus restrictions. The account @Networkinvegas describes itself as an inside source of information on Las Vegas, including “everything you need to network, hook up, and have a good time in Las Vegas.” The site could not be immediately reached for comment.\n“Here is the fake Nevada parking garage hospital picture that our moron governor tweeted, proving it’s all a scam,” the account tweeted, sharing a photo of Dr. Jacob Keeperman, who works for the medical center. “No patients, folded up beds, wrapped up equipment that’s never been used! They spent millions on this scam and never seen a single patient in this fake hospital!”\nKeeperman, medical director for Renown’s Transfer and Operations Center, shared the photo of himself inside the parking garage facility on Twitter with the hope of relaying the gravity of the situation at the hospital. But his tweet was quickly picked up and misrepresented online. Keeperman took the photo the day the care site had opened and before the first patient had arrived.\n“It is really demoralizing to everybody who is out working so hard to have this politicized and polarized so much,” he said. “I am holding patients’ hands when they take their very last breath because their loved ones can’t be with them.”\nThe surge in cases has put a strain on medical professionals like Keeperman. Nevada’s hospital population has gradually increased during the autumn surge in the state. The Nevada Hospital Association reported that a record-high 1,589 patients were hospitalized with confirmed or suspected cases of COVID-19 on Tuesday. Because of competing demands, including the flu, 78% of the state’s nearly 6,900 staffed hospital beds are occupied.\nIn northern Nevada, hospitals have experienced more than a 250% increase in confirmed hospitalized cases in the past month, the association reported. In Washoe County, where Renown is located, supplemental beds have allowed hospitals to remain at 86% capacity.\nNevada Gov. Steve Sisolak fired back at the president, saying that the state has had to deal with the Trump’s nonstop attempts to politicize the virus that has killed more than 270,000 Americans.\nEarly on in the pandemic, photos of empty hospital waiting rooms spread online to falsely suggest that coronavirus was a hoax. Hospital officials responded by explaining that lack of people in the public areas was evidence of new procedures meant to protect patients and staff by limiting visitors and minimizing shared waiting spaces, not because the pandemic wasn’t real.\nFull Coverage: AP Fact Check\nSam Metz contributed to this report. Metz is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues."
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Mayanmar (Burma)
Rebuilding Puerto Rico
AMURTEL Board & Friends
100 Days After the Storm
01/25/2018 /in POP2, Power on Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico /by Bhakti Devii
Aftermath of the storm in Indieras Alta
Nancy Wilson-Rhoades and Bev Kehoe traveled to Puerto Rico to assess appropriate sites for the Power on Puerto Rico Portable Solar Charging Stations (POP or SOS). This is a joint project of Amurtel, an international relief organization directed by Joni Zweig, and Amicus, a consortium of US solar power companies, including Aegis, owned by Nils Behn. The short-term goal is 10 trailers with 2 kilowatts of power that are loaned to communities without power. More than 100 days after Hurricane Maria, more than 50% of Puerto Rico is without power (officials say 40% but…).
Here are some initial stories.
Manuel, Bev, Frederick and Luisa outside Frederick’s home before visiting potential sites and and delivering Verilux flashlights.
Frederick Figueroa is descended from generations of coffee farmers in Indeiras, Maricao, in the mountains 3000 feet above Sabana Grande in southwestern Puerto Rico. He studies animal sciences at the University of Puerto Rico Mayaguez and on class day drives more than one hour each way on steep and winding roads. He spoke about possibly getting an apartment closer to campus but his parents are rather strict. Part of his university life includes volunteering with Instituto, a non-profit organization committed to building stronger communities. Before the Hurricane (for sure, people speak of ‘before Maria’ and ‘after…’), he focused on setting up a training/learning center in the Indieras area, but then shifted to relief work. He and other classmates visit homes to distributed water, food, clothes as well as the solar-powered flashlights that were donated by Verilux soon after Maria hit.
It is said that Indieras is the region where the last of the decimated Tainos people hid when the Spaniards went on their rampage and declared that the Taino people were no more. Later the area was recognized and named as ‘the place where the Indians live.’ Some people don’t believe the story and think they were truly exterminated while others believe that all Puerto Ricans must have a trace of Taino in them. In any case, this area is remote! Mostly Spanish is spoken (although many of the university students have a connected-via-the-internet, barely-accented fluency in English) and most are farmers or laborers.
Frederick’s home is painted bright yellow and sits on a manicured lawn at the crest of a hill. On this sunny day, it looks like a modest suburban home. But it’s been without power for more than 100 days, and counting into the unforeseeable future. When the hurricane started at 2 am on September 20 (a date and time etched into local consciousness), the wind was terrifying. His cousin Luis, a pre-med student, described hearing voices in the winds as the storm raged through the day. Both cousins emphasized that Maria, rather than discouraging them, strengthened resolve to continue their studies and realize their commitment to helping others.Frederick showed the expanse of sparsely vegetated (but greening) hillsides that were lush with coffee 4 months ago. At the home of his great uncle, people come for water from his well. This is a potential site for one of the SOS units as people come here already for help, there is a strong trust and community connection, no thought of political gain from the unit (an expressed concern), it sits next to a church, and is gated. His aunt Sylvia showed enthusiasm for this possibility. The backyard is filled with baby coffee plants and the family has a coffee drying business. Frederick said, ‘After Maria, we thought all was lost but then people started to come in with coffee to dry; it was unbelievable; it gave us all hope.” He is so enthusiastic about the SOS project and explained that “we cannot do it by ourselves.”
Manuel Toledo, is a professor of electronics at the University of Puerto Rico and his wife Angela handles several rental properties, renting mostly to students. Manuel’s father lives with them, along with 2 dogs, 2 cats and many birds in the trees. We are staying in a studio apartment that they usually rent to students. We climbed the spiral staircase to the roof terrace where Angela explained how she bolted down the solar panels before the hurricane and was surprised that they survived but the water tank went flying and had to get recaptured. She recounted how they boarded up all the windows except for a few off the protected patio so they could see what was happening but they were sorry they didn’t board those up too! The storm raged for the day and into the night, and the rain for 4 days. After the high winds stopped, they went outside to assess and repair. Their driveway was blocked by massive tree trunks so they were home for 4 days before they were able to clear. Mahesh was the only one in the house strong enough to handle the gas-fired chainsaw (the electric one was useless) and, although they had solar panels, they had no water. And it rained for 4 days so the panels were sleeping!
Island Lyfe at the Rincon Farmers Market, happily accepting the Verilux solar flashlights.
At the Rincon farmers market, a young couple selling tamarind juice and cocoa butter sunscreen now travel one hour to the market because they still have no power and had to move back in with one of their parents. The flashlights that Verilux donated will help when they go back to their powerless home to rebuild their business, Island Lyfe.
The stories are recited in varying voices, sometimes with drama, or with tears, alacrity, resignation or acceptance, but they are always accompanied with thoughts about the next hurricane season. There’s talk about the 6 or 8 months left to get ready. Damiana, a normally sunny and positive owner of a paddleboard rental company, spoke if there’s a next time: “PR will be done.”
Crispin, a defacto leader in an neighborhood in Anasco that flooded to the first floor from the confluence of river and ocean, said his area doesn’t need an SOS because they got power (just last week!) but reminded us that we are ‘not too late for next time.’ He gave a tour of an elementary school that closed for budgetary reasons and he is cooking up a plan for a community training and learning there and planted seeds in the raised beds in the yard. He is growing beans and spinach, and university students are building more beds. “The sun, the air, the soil,” he recites as he tenderly trims the green leaves, “this is the future of Puerto Rico.”
As of this writing we are soon off to other communities for the next few days. We will have more stories and pictures to share. We are still needing money to complete and ship the trailers and appreciate any help you can give.
Luisa Seijo inspired by the Verliux donation of 4200+ solar flashlights
Luisa Seijo Maldonado of the Instituto para el Desarrollo de las Communicades-Siemprevivas, which is handling the distribution of more than 4000 solar-powered flashlights that were donated soon after Maria hit. These flashlights are part of care packages that are distibuted to homes without power. Folks are thrilled to receive them for the present but also for ‘the next time.’
Potential site for an SOS
https://amurtel.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/IMG_2380-1.jpg 2448 3264 Bhakti Devii https://amurtel.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/amurtel-logoup1v4up-300x214.png Bhakti Devii2018-01-25 14:55:172018-01-25 15:14:09100 Days After the Storm
International Boutique
Power on Puerto Rico
Haiti: One Year Later01/10/2011 - 1:46 am
Brazil Floods: Amurtel Responds01/21/2011 - 11:40 pm
Japan Relief06/16/2011 - 7:58 pm
Horn of Africa11/17/2011 - 2:15 am
Our Latest Newsletter01/02/2021 - 4:30 pm
AMURTEL Corona virus Response04/01/2020 - 6:32 pm
International Boutique December 7-1512/07/2019 - 7:20 pm
Bahama Dorian Relief09/10/2019 - 5:39 am
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Puerto Rico after the Storm Uma Nivas
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University of Liège PhD and Postdoctoral Scholarships, Belgium
University of Liège PhD and Postdoctoral Scholarships
One PhD scholarship and one Postdoctoral scholarship on social protection policies and transnational migration
Université de Liège (Belgium), Faculty of Social Sciences (FaSS), Centre for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM)
Applications are invited for scholarships to work at doctoral and post-doctoral level as part of the Migration, Transnationalism and Social Protection in (post-)crisis Europe project (MiTSoPro).
Application deadline: 7 October 2016.
• One doctoral position: full-time, fixed-term position available for 4 years
• One post-doctoral position: full-time, fixed-term position available for 3 years
About the MiTSoPro ERC Starting grant project
The scholarships are attached to the European Research Council (ERC) Starting Grant for the project, Migration, Transnationalism and Social Protection in (post-)crisis Europe (MiTSoPro) led by Dr Jean-Michel Lafleur. MiTSiPro articulates social policy and migration studies’ approaches to ‘transnational social protection’ defined as migrants’ cross-border strategies to cope with social risks in areas such as health or unemployment that combine entitlements to host and home state-based public welfare policies and market-, family- and communitybased practices. This study combines large-N analysis of social protection policies and programs that home countries make accessible to their citizens abroad (EU-28 + 12 non-EU countries) with multisited ethnographic fieldwork to qualitatively assess the informal social protection strategies used by migrants and examine their interaction with formal host and home state social protection provisions.
The Faculty of Social Sciences (FaSS) of the University of Liège is a small and dynamic faculty committed to the development of research that spans beyond Belgian borders, as shown by its two recently awarded ERC grants and its involvement in numerous FP and Horizon 2020 research projects. Researchers hired to work on the MiTSoPro project will be part of the Centre for Ethnic and Migration Studies (CEDEM), one of Belgium’s pioneering and leading research centres in the field of migration and a founding-member of the IMISCOE Research Network. Beyond their involvement in MiTSoPro, researchers will be expected to participate in the intellectual life of FaSS and CEDEM and teach within the Master Degree in Immigration Studies (in English) organized jointly with Pompeu Fabra University (Barcelona).
Position: One doctoral position: full-time, fixed-term position available for 4 years
Subproject summary:
This first step of the MiTSoPro project consists in identifying the social protection policies and programs that home countries make accessible to their citizens abroad, and then compiling this information into a qualitative online database. Together with the postdoctoral candidate, the doctoral student will compile country-specific information into an online database based on reports drafted by country experts. In a PhD dissertation, the doctoral candidate is expected to make use of this data to contribute to a better understanding of the type of social protection policies sending states design for citizens abroad and their motivation to do so.
Tasks expected from the PhD candidate
• Develop a qualitative database on sending states social protection policies, drawing on the input of country experts
• Write and complete a PhD dissertation on a question directly related to this topic
• Participate in the political & social sciences Ph.D. programme at ULg and in the intellectual life of FaSS and CEDEM (including teaching).
• Submit for publication a minimum of two articles or book chapters
• Present research results in international conferences
• Participate in administrative tasks related to the project (reporting, conference organizations…)
All work would be expected to be done in close consultation with the Principal Investigator and other members of the MiTSoPro project team.
Profile Needed
• MA in the Social Sciences or the Political Science fields (specialty in social policy is an asset)
• Language skills: English (French and other languages are an asset)
• Ability and interest to work in a team
• Attractive scholarship
• Resources to conduct fieldwork and participate in conferences and summer schools
• Opportunities to train and develop new skills
• A stimulating and international research environment located a train ride away from Brussels, Paris, London, Cologne and Maastricht
• Possibility to design a joint PhD programme with another European university
The selection process occurs in 2 steps.
First, applications must be submitted electronically in English to Jean-Michel Lafleur (JM.Lafleur@ulg.ac.be ) by 7 October 2016 with the message subject, ‘MiTSoPro_PhD’. The following documents must be attached to the e-mail in two separate PDF files: 1) In the first file, named ‘Motivation_applicant’s last name’:
• A motivation letter (maximum 800 words);
• A CV with detailed information on degree results and language skills;
• The names and contact details of two reference persons
2) In the second file, named ‘Sample_applicant’s last name’:
• one writing sample (e.g. essay or MA thesis chapter) in English or French demonstrating the applicant’s relevant analytical capacities and methodological rigor (single-spaced, maximum 10,000 words)
Second, short listed candidates will be interviewed in person at ULg or remotely via Skype in November 2016. The interview will be based on their scientific track-record and a short research proposal that they will be asked to submit by 27 October 2016 (single-spaced, maximum 3,000 words). The proposal should consist of a PhD dissertation proposal connected to the sub-project on social protection policies for citizens abroad. It should include information on methodological strategies, possible theoretical developments, and relevant literature and data sources.
Final results will be notified before 15 November 2016. The successful nominee would be expected to start immediately.
For more information, please contact the Principal Investigator Jean-Michel Lafleur: Email: JM.Lafleur @ulg.ac.be ; www.cedem.ulg.ac.be
PhD, Postdoctoral
13th Annual Black Europe Summer School - Interrogating Citizenship, Race, and Ethnic Relations, 20 June - 2 July 2019, Netherlands
Next Generation Social Sciences in Africa: Post-Doctoral Writing Fellowship 2021, Africa
International Master in Security, Intelligence and Strategic Studies Program 2021 - 2023, University of Glasgow, UK
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Senator to cellular carriers: UR TXTS R 2 XPENSIV
Tired of the escalating text message fees over the years? US Senator Herb Kohl …
David Chartier - Sep 10, 2008 4:35 pm UTC
with 0 posters participating
If you have begun seeing a chiropractor to help deal with heftier SMS bills over the past couple years, US Senator Herb Kohl (D-WI) feels your pain. This chairman of the Senate Antitrust Subcommittee has called out the four largest US wireless carriers in a letter, asking them to explain the steep, bewildering increase of text messaging charges.
Kohl's letter, addressed to the presidents and CEOs of Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, and T-Mobile, begins with the gist of the overall complaint that we all share: in three years, text message charges have doubled for wireless customers. Per-message plans in 2005 typically cost 10¢ per message, but after a number of acquisitions that lowered the number of national carriers from six to four, those messages now cost 20¢, with Sprint being the first to raise its rates last fall.
Ars Technica spoke with a staffer on the subcommittee (who wished to remain anonymous) about the letter, and the conversation centered on what happens if the carriers' explanations aren't up to snuff. Senator Kohl gave the carriers until October 6, 2008, to respond, and Kohl's office assured us that "this letter is more of an opening of the discussion about these issues" for now. "We have an open line, and we aren't condemning them without hearing what they have to say," the staffer told Ars.
Kohl's letter calls the industry-wide text messaging rate increase "particularly alarming" because there is no apparent justification from cost or technical standpoints. Over the years networks have improved and become more robust, and a steady increase in customers has bolstered the bottom line. But after all this time, text messages are still limited to 160 characters; a figurative fraction of a drop in the wireless bucket.
Kohl's office is asking each carrier to explain the method behind the text message rate madness, including any cost, technical, or other factors that justify the 100 percent increase between 2005 to 2008. Kohl also wants data on how text messages are utilized, comparisons of how text message packages stack up against competitors, and—perhaps most importantly—price comparisons against per-minute charges for voice plans, and per-KB charges for mobile Internet and tethering plans. It should be fun to hear AT&T defend why it charges over $1,300 per megabyte for text messages.
Again, Kohl's office made it clear that this letter is more of an conversation starter (though a fairly forceful one) in what could turn out to be an embarrassing (for the carriers) discussion over high cost of text messages. The staffer did, however, hold out the possibility of further investigation, and even a request that antitrust regulators to look into the matter, should the situation call for it.
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Essays Database Essays A Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay
A Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay
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Frederick Douglass, born the slave Frederick Bailey in ~1817, details his most incredible biography through first person narration. He moved around from farm to farm and eventually arrived in Baltimore when his latter name and being started to take shape. It was in Baltimore under Master Hugh when Douglass diligently taught himself the invaluable skills of reading and writing. These skills later became most fundamental in his escape to the north. Being nothing more than a white man?s property Douglass gets shuffled back to the farm life through a year of deaths and subsequent estate transfers.
Finding himself under the control of one Mr. Covey, slaveholder for Master Thomas, it is here that I find the most interesting points in the story.
Mr. Covey was one of Douglass?s harshest provider of violence and abuse. Now approximately 16 years of age, Douglass begins his arduous battle towards mental and physical freedom. I find this a most notable point in the story because Douglass himself records his owns thoughts, ?This battle with Mr.
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Covey was the turning point in my career as a slave? It recalled the departed self-confidence, and inspired me again with a determination to be free? (Douglass p 43).
The mention of how slaves are allowed (or forced) to pass Holiday?s was most interesting as well. During holiday?s slaves are encouraged to drink in excess. This allows the slaveholder to dupe the slaves into perceiving freedom as a drunk-fest that may or may not be worth it in the morning. Although the slave?s believes this to be the ?most free? time of his life, the slaveholder is still very much in control unbeknownst to the slaves.
Douglass, Frederick.
A Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass Essay. General Publishing Company, Toronto, ON, 1995. .
The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass Na Essay 696 Words | 3 Pages
rrative Life Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass shows several instances in which his personal accounts of slavery are highlighted. These instances illustrate important realizations that Douglass makes concerning slavery, and/or about his own condition. The very first chapter of the novel produces the first example: loss of identity. Many slaves had absolutely no concept of time, in terms of factual dates. Slaves were kept "ignorant" as to the facts of the real world, in most cases not even knowing the year of their birth, preventing the knowledge...
The Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass: T Essay 705 Words | 3 Pages
he Formation Of Iden The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An Analysis of the Formation of Identity "You have seen how a man was made a slave; you will now see how a slave was made a man." -Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave details the progression of a slave to a man, and thus, the formation of his identity. The narrative functions as a persuasive essay, written in the hopes that it would successfully lead to "hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of his brethren in bonds"...
he Formation Of Iden The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An Analysis of the Formation of Identity You have seen how a man was made a slave; you will now see how a slave was made a man. Frederick Douglass The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave details the progression of a slave to a man, and thus, the formation of his identity. The narrative functions as a persuasive essay, written in the hopes that it would successfully lead to hastening the glad day of deliverance to the millions of his brethren in bonds...
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erican Slave Douglass felt that Christianity was used by slaveholders to justify the cruelty of their actions and to somehow purify them against the evilness of their hearts. He felt that being the slave of a Christian slaveholder was as bad as slavery itself. "Were I to be again reduced to the chains of slavery, next to that enslavement, I should regard being the slave of a religious master the greatest calamity that could befall me." (p. 731) Douglas points out in his appendix that the Christianity of Christ and Christianity of this land are at opposite points on the...
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Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglas Frederick Douglas, a slave born in Tuckahoe Maryland, was half white and half black. His mother was a black woman and his father a white man. Though he never knew his father, there was word that it was his master. Douglas wrote this narrative and I felt that it was very compelling. It really showed me the trials and tribulations that a black man went through during times of slavery. In his early years, Douglas lived on a farm where he watched many slaves receive harsh beatings and whippings. For example, one of...
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Frederick Douglass, born the slave Frederick Bailey in ~1817, details his most incredible biography through first person narration. He moved around from farm to farm and eventually arrived in Baltimore when his latter name and being started to take shape. It was in Baltimore under Master Hugh when Douglass diligently taught himself the invaluable skills of reading and writing. These skills later became most fundamental in his escape to the north. Being nothing more than a white man?s pro
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Home / December 6, 2010
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge turns 50
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is one of the most remarkable and remarkably diverse US national wildlife refuges–the Serengeti of North America with its annual caribou migration. Also it a political bone of contention because of the oil wealth under the permafrost and off its shores.
Fifty years ago today, legislation creating the refuge was signed by Secretary of the Interior Fred Seaton.
50 Year Anniversary of Alaska’s Arctic National Wildlife Refuge – Images by Art Wolfe
Events50th Anniversary, ANWR, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, celebration, National Wildlife Refuge SystemArt Wolfe
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← Ask Mormon Girl: Where is the Great Mormon Novel?
My daughter and I have different religious needs; how can I do right by us both? →
AMG: The Great Mormon Novel Part 2; or, no, seriously, why does Mormonism seem so allergic to scholarship?
Okay, everyone, maybe it’s just the Molly Mormon perfectionist streak in me, but it looks like my answer to last week’s query—“Where is the Great Mormon Novel?”—missed the mark a bit, and I need to give it another go. For here is a follow-up query sent along by Nick, our diligent but lonely young Mormon scholar in St. Louis. Grab some gorp to munch on, folks, because it’s a long one, but it is worth reading.
Dear Ask Mormon Girl:
Thank you so much for taking the time to respond to my inquiry. But to tell the truth I was really less interested in the fate of the Great Mormon Novel than in hearing you talk more about the status of Mormon scholars in the humanities. I know there are a number of influential LDS humanities scholars out there, but I still feel compelled to ask myself where humanist scholarship stands in relation to Mormon culture. As a graduate student in literature I am the perpetual outsider (my wife is also marginalized by default because she is not a “medical school widow”) in wards filled with aspiring physicians, lawyers, and businessmen (and sometimes women). Each fall when introductions are made in priesthood, special emphasis is given to my marginal status as I am referred to as “our token humanities student” or “the English guy.” When a member of the EQ presidency realized that I wasn’t a medical student on my first Sunday here, his response to me was: “Oh. Well we do have a social work student that just moved in. Perhaps the two of you can be friends.” Periodically I am told (with kind intentions, I’m sure) that “I could never do what you do” by one of my fellow church members, but the subtext is always that “I would never want to and can’t understand why you do.” What makes literary scholarship such a strange pursuit?
This may be nothing more than my limited personal experience, having only been a member of the church since I was 18 and having only lived in Michigan, Missouri, and northern California since that time. Yet I doubt it. A few months ago our current mission president came to speak at our ward and made a point to explain why medical students and physicians eventually make excellent general authorities and church leaders. I felt sick to my stomach as I watched most of the heads in the congregation nod in agreement. What is it about our culture that glorifies these professions as more appropriate that the fabled “life of the mind?” Why must the “bookish” Mormons be isolated and few? Do we have no roles within church leadership? Is our resistance to hierarchy and willingness to deal in contradictions and ambiguities too unstable to be useful/productive?
I love what you said about our role in breaking stereotypes, but at what point should I be concerned that maybe Mormon culture isn’t a living human culture? That maybe we are just as conservative, insular, and intellectually uncurious as I fear? Perhaps it is part of the genetic makeup of literary scholars to be overly anxious about our place in the academy, our communities, our churches, and the world in general. Still, I find myself genuinely confused when I attend my church meetings and leave feeling like I don’t belong there. Help?
Nick in the STL
Okay, Nick, you know how last week I wrote that as a literature professor I certainly “do know the loneliness of which you speak, though I do try not to worry too much about it”? You can’t see it in this font, but the “try” in that sentence actually has sweatbeads running down its forehead.
In fact, the “try” in that sentence has a lot of sweatbeads running down its forehead and is crouching in a really difficult Bikram yoga pose they call “toe stand” where you balance your entire weight while crouching on the ball of one foot. Toe stand requires a very meditative combination of balance, exertion, and letting go. On a good day in yoga class, I can do it for a few seconds. Being a bookish Ph.D. humanities type in the Mormon Church sometimes feels like trying to maintain toe stand for hours on end.
I don’t know that Mormonism is less hospitable to intellectual types than American culture in general, but it’s true that there are some specifically Mormon aspects to the loneliness you’re experiencing. Mormonism is a very young tradition, an exceedingly practical faith, with an entirely lay clergy. Aside from other evangelical movements born out of the Second Great Awakening, we may be the only religion of our global scale that does not prescribe dedicated formal study of religious history, thought, practice, or text as a prerequisite for church leadership. And because we view ourselves as a restoration of primitive Christian practices, we generally do not engage with the millennia of debate and scholarship through which other Christian traditions have defined themselves. All of this contributes to the practical rather than intellectual orientation of our faith.
Compounding this is the fact that the theological program of the Church in the twentieth and twenty-first century has been governed by correlation, a very sensible and practical effort to render from a very unsystematic and sometimes highly speculative century’s worth of theology a coherent system of doctrines that can be taught effectively to new members of the Church around the globe. (For a great overview of the correlation project and its tolls on speculative theology, listen here.)
Moreover, if you trace back through Mormon history, you will find cycles of intellectual expansiveness and retrenchment reaching back into the nineteenth century. (For one example, look up the “Godbeites.”) About twenty years ago we entered another turn of that cycle that culminated in 1993 with the firing of progressive humanities scholars from BYU, the excommunication of a number of feminists and intellectuals, and a speech by a major Church leader declaring “so-called scholars or intellectuals” one of three major dangers to the Church. It was a difficult time for Mormon feminists and many Mormon scholars in the humanities, and it has had lasting legacies within Mormon culture and within institutional scholarship.
Now, this isn’t the whole story, but it all factors into what you are experiencing as a Mormon scholar in the humanities. And boy, do I know it ain’t pretty. I often hear Mormon people I love routinely associate reliance on “the arm of flesh” with scholarship and intellectual activity—and they don’t mean physics professors . . . they mean New-York- Times-reading-complexity-craving-literature-philosophy-and-history-reading- liberals-like-me-and-you. I rarely hear Mormon people I love associate reliance on “the arm of flesh” with money or economic or social class.
What should we make of all this? Should this, as you suggest, give us cause to wonder if there’s something wrong with Mormon culture? I can’t answer that for you, but I can share with you a couple of ways I try to keep my balance and stay in the proverbial toe stand when I’m feeling isolated among people I love. First, during trying times (like the 1990s), it has been a consolation to me to imagine all of the members of the Mormon movement around the globe and across time, then to focus in on the small band of people like you and me, and then to realize that our worries and lonesomeness, while real and authentic to us, are a small part of a big story. Second, it helps me to remember that Mormon tradition is young, young, young. Oh so very young. With many chapters left to be written—maybe even by people like us. “Hope is the memory of the future,” wrote the Catholic artist Sister Corita Kent. I remember the future.
Okay, really, now, enough from me. Readers, what are your hopes for the future of Mormonism? And should bookish, scholarly types like Nick and me have reason for hope as well?
Send your query to askmormongirl@gmail.com, or follow askmormongirl on Twitter.
Filed under academics, intellectuals, liberals, literature, social connectedness
11 responses to “AMG: The Great Mormon Novel Part 2; or, no, seriously, why does Mormonism seem so allergic to scholarship?”
First off, this whole “bias towards doctors” thing has to be a complete accident of your location and ward. Even when I was doing my Ph.D. at an eastern school with a very strong medical school there was never that sort of bias or attitude. It’s your good luck (grain of salt) to have landed in such a strange ward. Someday you’ll finish your degree and move on (you will finish, yes?) and the chances are you’ll never hear that again. Most likely, I think your EQ president and others are trying to be funny; acknowledging the medical-heavy content of the ward. Laugh it off.
There might be some “anti-intellectual” bias in the church; likely stemming from 2 Ne 9:28 (“when they are learned they think they are wise.”). Be honest – haven’t you seen that happen? Don’t you see truth in that statement? I’ve lost track of the number of academics I’ve come across who became arrogant, self-certain, dismissive jerks due to their education. While you may not consider me a member of your mormon class of intellectuals – I didn’t get a Ph.D. in literature, mine is in business (operations management, if you want to be detailed) – I do count myself as such. No matter the content of the Ph.D., it teaches you to think, to analyze, to consider all the questions of an issue from different angles, to challenge entrenched assumptions, and to think beyond. Whether you’re studying the nature of mankind through literature or some other discipline, you’re still following that rubric of intellectualism. There are people in the church (and out of it) that are threatened by that. I ignore them. Like when you try to publish something, there’s always someone that hates you and your work. Universal love and acceptance (in this life) is unattainable; ignore the haters. You could try to show them that they’re wrong, but then….well, you probably see where I’m going with that.
By the way, I think Physics Ph.D.’s are at the greatest risk of anti-mormon intellectualism; have you read Steven Hawking? If you think you understand the workings of the universe, that’s a powerful draw to question the existence of a God.
You have both talked about Mormon “culture” and “tradition.” Frankly, I find Mormon culture and tradition annoying and a distraction from the practice of religion. “Mormonism” is not a set of traditions and cultures, it’s a set of doctrines, ordinances, observances and covenants (with attendant organizational structure). The whole green Jello, “fark” = “fork” and myriad attendant other mormon “cultures” might be interesting anthropologically, but are absolutely irrelevant to testimony and spiritual development. If you’re an investigator in Thailand, what possible difference can it make to you that there were mormon pioneers in America? (in honor of July 24th having just passed). It’s a nice story, but it contributes essentially nothing to a deep and abiding testimony of Jesus Christ and His power to save. I love the story of Joseph Smith as a child being operated on without anesthesia; but it doesn’t have any bearing on my testimony of him as a prophet. I often find myself wishing that our church leaders would stop mentioning specific wards or leaders in Salt Lake City by name because I have no idea who they were, and it doesn’t make any difference to the global message of the gospel that we’re putting forth. I am happy when I hear about there being more members outside the U.S. than inside because now we can strip away the “culture” and focus on the religion and doctrine. By the way, I love the correlation that took place during the 20th century as it works toward that goal; separating out “culture” from “doctrine” and “practice.” How many members go to church regularly as a form of culture or social correspondence? And how damaging, overall, is it to them and to others?
One warning I’ve learned from personal experience, as an intellectual, you do have to be careful how you phrase things, even if it seems innocent enough to you. Even with my own family members I have to be careful how I speak simply since I’m an ‘academic’ and they may see that as challenging. There’s also the question of different academic topics being more threatening than others; feminism (humanities, business, or wherever it occurs in any other discipline) is going to stir up more passions than number theory. And what do you do with your scholarship and knowledge? Are you trying to throw down what you consider to be a narrow-minded, entrenched, white male-dominated illegitimate church leadership, for example? If so, then expect to be ostracized, questioned, looked at in a funny way, and eventually excommunicated – and maybe rightly so, who knows? (By the way, I was at BYU during those days of the 1990’s. I was not in the English department – although next door in the Math department – and my wife was in the Humanities department. I’m sure we could have a long discussion about this, but reading the things that Cecilia Konchar-Farr and others wrote and said during that time, it’s no surprise they were excommunicated. IMHO, that was not scholarship and academia, but activism and incitement.) Or are you using your scholarship and knowledge to increase understanding and help others to learn to study more deeply and find new depths of personal spiritual development?
Fight culture as the irrelevant curiosity that it is; use your talents and training to support doctrine and faith.
Culture and tradition is the only real difference between us and others’ when dealing with truth. I agree, if we could shed the prominence of each, a bit, then we would be better off. Yet, in order to shed anything, we need humanists and literary folk to help us figure it out.
Books; reading them one finds a source that has influenced as many, and more, as have read it. A study of popular literature, especially multi-generational, can render one empathetic to our intellectual culture. Just as those med students will be forever changed by the acquirement of their knowledge, from the classes and books, so to will other any other branch of learning. Respect ought to be given to those who can preserve a life but we are equal in value. Perhaps its a mode of coping with the rigors of study, to think of monetary and worldly acknowledgment?
Though such pride is not unheard of, I am suprised…though if it were to happen ANYwhere, it would be in a ward where everyone is in med school. If you have a ward full of any one type of occupation, ei. farmers, military, musicians (could you imagine? eek), you would have the subject matter for a brilliant case study!
Get a waiver from everyone and write a book 😉 haha
Brohammas
As the child of Mormon parents from Arizona and Wyoming respectively, neither of them being Utahns, I still know exactly the bias of which you speak.
The doctor, MBA, and I would add dentist, bias is more a result of western pioneer pragmatism, tinged with mormonism.
I would have loved to have had the courage to pursue an intellectual degree while in school. Ahh to study sociology and one day earn an honest living doing such. But oh wait, how will I ever support a family doing that?
Those raised in the faith, males especially, are charged with the task of preparing to provide for a family as well as have spare time to serve in a calling… and ensure that our wives are able to be stay at home moms if they so choose (I added that last part). My parents, both school teachers with a love for learning, still made it seem that fulfilling this responsibilty with intellectual persuits was as practical as attempting to be a pro football player… “it may happen but the odds say otherwise”.
Enter the practicality of being a dentist (I am not one). One can easily see supporting a family rather comfortably while working four days a week. With all those extra days off, and a family in no danger of starvation, all you have to do is not be a BAD person and you are automatically in line for a big church calling.
Sure there may be an anti intellectual streak in the culture for all the reasons listed above, but all those doctors and business men are still thinking, smart, people. Many of those smart people may also be like me, practical to the point of shackeling themselves to a career they dislike in order to fulfill this greater sense of duty.
It is a misguided philosophy, yet it remains.
Nick, friend, we are kindred.
I am an English professor. I earned my PhD (in rhetoric) at a prominent university with top ranking med and dental schools. If experience is any indication, then I have to take issue with reb’s notion that your observations are aberrant. Your experience is exactly consistent with what I have seen in multiple cities and at multiple universities. The quad orthodoxy of Mormon education is medicine, dentistry, law, and business – period. Venturing beyond this orthodoxy is okay – if a bit daring, as long as you remain safely within the realm of the numbers (accounting, engineering, and the sciences). What are the reasons for this orthodoxy? There are several.
First, as noted, there is a strong and admittedly admirable pragmatic streak in the church. Our history is grounded in the exigencies of survival. Acquiring means for survival, both individually and as a people, includes securing the most gainful employment. It goes along with food storage, dietary restrictions, etc.
Second, there is a persistent need for social acceptance and social prominence. Our cultural insecurities about our place in society have dictated our collective rush into the “professions,” whereby we prove our normalcy. Intellectuals exist – practically by definition – at the fringe, a refuge for those who are not so “normal.” Perhaps this is the reason so few of us find ourselves there. I recall M. Russell Ballard’s missionary video from the mid 1990s. We took an investigator to the missionary open house at the local church and watched it for the first time. It was nothing but a parade of rich, quasi-famous Mormon businessmen and athletes, who were used as evidence that Mormons are normal and successful. It was like watching an Amway video. Our investigator, who had advanced close to baptism, openly criticized the film and dropped us.
Third, Joanna makes a tremendous point. We have no systemic/institutional reason for deep intellectual reflection. We do not have a designated intellectual class by virtue of our lay ministry. As a result, we as a people are not exposed to Mormon “thinkers.” To whom are we exposed, then? Well the GAs of course. And they come overwhelmingly from the professions (Holland being a notable exception – PhD American Studies from Yale). We are openly instructed to emulate these men; and so it is no surprise that our peers do just that. Indeed, I believe each of us who was raised in the church and considered a path in the humanities has experienced precisely what Brohammas describes: a kind of dissonance between what we want to do and what we assume we are expected to do as righteous men who want to be available for high callings.
I could go on, but my larger point is this: reb is essentially wrong. As a mechanism for tolerating what bothered me in Mormon culture, I spent years trying to persuade myself that the culture and doctrine were separate. But in theory alone are they separate. When you are told to emulate the GAs, and the GAship is overwhelmingly comprised of ex doctors, lawyers, business executives, institutional administrators, and the occasional institute director, then the professional culture has just become your doctrine, has it not? When you are at a stake priesthood meeting, and a GA says that doctors and so forth make great GAs, then, again, the professional culture has just been rendered less distinguishable from the doctrine of callings. And thus, in practice, the line becomes blurry.
reb implies a false dichotomy. He suggests that your options are A) to become as the September Six and court excommunication as an unfettered intellectual, or B) ignore the implications of culture entirely and pretend there are no systemic anxieties about the relationship between our theology and culture. In other words, we either lose our souls in our culture or we find our souls without our culture.
reb’s arguments utterly ignore the necessity of creating a separate culture as part of vitalizing the church and securing its future. Bushman himself accepts (even celebrates) this fact as a given. The creation of a distinct culture was not an accident; it was part of the plan from Joseph and Brigham onward. This could not be more clear from a reading of even our most basic histories. We need a culture in order to cohere as a people. We are building Zion, after all, not just a personal relationship with the Lord. Any evangelical can build a personal relationship with the Lord (I am not demeaning this miraculous feat), but we must do more. We must build the people. As we do so effectively, we will more securely claim the intellectuals and artists who could make us greater if only they could see more reason to stick with us – more potential for their future as contributors to the kingdom.
I’d like to suggest that your concerns are well founded, and that we ought to work towards a paradigm that sees culture as a means to help us find our souls. In other words, I believe a better culture will create better saints (sounds like common sense, right?). The key is to work towards this goal without violating covenants or provoking dissent, and I think it can be done. I don’t have a prescription for it just yet : – ), but I am quite heartened by Joanna’s reminders that we are a young people and there are many generations of intellectual evolution before us. Our very pragmatism suggests that as we discover the safety and promise of intellectual life, we will adopt it more willingly. That same pragmatism also suggests that as we come to realize the enormously positive impact that timeless literature, art, and thought can have on a people, we will embrace the challenge to produce them ourselves.
Finally, I believe we are seeing indications of these developments even now. I don’t know if Brady Udall’s recently acclaimed book The Lonely Polygamist was mentioned in the “Great Mormon Novel” post, but it should have been (I haven’t read the post yet). We are also beginning to produce filmmakers, actors, and other adventurers of the mind.
Give us time, my child. We will catch up to you yet.
Ralph P. Vander Heide
Some such as you, however, do reflect as do my wife and I. We were simply born with that need. I was reared in THE church, and she grew up iin Keokuk, Iowa. near Nauvoo.. We two academics wrote “Chris and Louisa” over a period of 25 or more years. It is truly outstanding. I conitnue to say simply, “read it.” Of course, persons who write poor novels say the same. So…note just one evaluation from two authors.
Congratulations to the two of you on an amazing book!
One of the most striking things about your novel is just the quality of the writing. As people who has tackled writing ourselves, this is often the first thing I notice when reading a novel and yours is just beautifully written, with sentences that vary and flow and are infused with intelligence. (This was the first thing Bob mentioned about your book.)
We also appreciated the vast amount of research that went into the book. I myself really like research (remember the good old days of card catalogs and the endless jotting of notes on note cards?), but we were both awed by the amount of material you complied and mastered. Don’t know how you did it.
We knew very little about Mormonism before reading your book. Just the usual generalities about golden tablets and polygamy and tithing and going on missions, plus some details we’d picked up from talking to you and to our non-Mormon children’s writer friend, Ivy Ruckman, who lives in Salt Lake City. Needless to say, we were fascinated by your accounts of Joseph Smith’s outrageous political ambitions, his indulgence in polygamy, and his various criminal acts. While we were in Keokuk, the whole family crew took a jaunt over to Carthage to see the jail where The Prophet met his end. We hadn’t realized that the site was managed by Mormons and were unprepared for the young woman who sheparded us through the building, all aglow with true-believerdom. Just speaking for ourselves, we were offended by the sappy movie they showed, depicting Joseph Smith as a glorious, if misunderstood, prophet. Nary a mention of multiple wives or grandiose political ambitions, etc. It was a revelation to learn these from your book and we feel we so much better understand why the Mormons were so hated and mistrusted by so many. We were interested to learn so much about this, particularly since we do spend so much time in the Nauvoo area.
In reading the Salt Lake part of the book, we were fascinated about the church’s official attitude towards Native Americans and blacks, and many illuminating details about polygamy (not to mention underwear).
And then there’s Chris—we thought you balanced her rebellious attitude very well with the party line attitude of her relatives. I, however, since I take my woman’s issues very seriously, had a hard time sympathizing (this is a bit of an understatement) with Chris’s decision to join up with Mark. Of course we assume you didn’t expect the reader to approve of her decision, but rather to see the issue from another angle, and you achieved that very nicely. And great touch, rounding out the parallel stories with Mark’s murder.
We understand from Barbara that your book is enjoying great success. You two deserve it—it’s a great achievement and we very much enjoyed reading it.
THOMAS MONSON. Navy and publishing.
DIETER F UCHTDORF. Pilot
HENRY B EYRING. Air Force, bachelors in physics, MBA and doctorate in business. Professor. College president.
BOYD K PACKER. Air Force pilot. Masters in education.
L TOM PERRY. B.S. Business. Retail.
RUSSEL M. NELSON. Surgeon.
DALLIN OAKS. Law. College president.
RUSSELL BALLARD. Business. Cars.
RICHARD G. SCOTT. Nuclear engineering
ROBERT D HALES. Business executive.
JEFFREY HOLLAND. BA English, masters and doctorate in american studies. College president.
DAVID BEDNAR. Business professor. College president.
QUENTIN L. COOK. Corporate law.
TODD CHRISTOFFERSON. Lawyer
NEIL ANDERSEN. MBA, business executive.
Oh, where the bakers, the carpenters, the farmers, the mechanics, the software developers! The nurserymen, the politicians, and bankers! Where the painters! Are plumbers eschewed in the Church? Certainly, I see no postal workers there. Alas.
Are we supposing that the church administrators should reflect a distribution of professions that match the distribution of professions among the members?
Why should that be so?
Perhaps a lot of these church administrators have backgrounds in administration and management precisely because so much of what they do requires mature administration skills. Just as the guy who gets called to direct the Tabernacle Choir needs mature directing skills. I don’t see too many dentists up there in that list, but I do see a lot of lawyers. I am quite happy we have lawyers in that bunch, especially after seeing how many ways the Church ran afoul of the law in the past. It makes sense to me that Hales served as presiding bishop, a calling that handles the sizeable assets of the Church.
And yet not all are super admins. And so it’s not just a job posting. Furthermore, if you step down one level to the seventies and then stake presidents, you see a much larger representation of vocations. And bishops come from all walks of life. Our current bishop, the more regular face of authority around here, is a rancher and welder. The last mission president called from our ward (two years ago) was a coal miner.
So I don’t know if it’s an almighty worship of the professions or simply the Lord leveraging an existing skillset.
Thank you for this list. It is illuminating. But I might add that both Monson and Uchtdorf have advanced degrees in – you guessed it – business. That means that 8 of the 15 have degrees and/or substantial backgrounds in business. Now, if we add the lawyers to this list, that number goes to 11 (“but this one goes to 11”). That’s 11 of 15.
Like you, I am comforted by the fact that we have a strong number of legal and economic minds running things. I really am. But 11 of 15? You then suggest that this proportion goes down as we get into the lower echelons of area, stake, and ward leadership. And for evidence you cite your own bishop and mission president. Naturally, not every bishop and stake pres is going to be a business exec., doctor, or lawyer. Examples of other careers are not difficult to find. My bishop is a scientific researcher at a government lab. The membership is comprised of broader demographics, so it is natural that there are fewer lawyers and doctors to go around at the local level. And still, I think you would have to admit that the professions are, from a proportional standpoint, largely overrepresented at the local leadership level. And I bet if we were to give the seventies a close look, the proportion would be especially confirmatory of a corporate tendency.
BUT THE LARGER point is not about the professions per se. Your comment suggests that these men are picked BECAUSE of their professional background. But I am sure that you would agree that, ultimately, they were selected because of their spiritual refinement and their real world competence (without respect to their specific professional background). I mean, can’t we safely suppose that the Lord doesn’t need 11 of 15 apostles to be businessmen or lawyers?
What I am pointing to here is a cultural assumption that permeates the church at the ground level. Men in the church overwhelmingly seek out professions that pay well and confer social respectability, for the very reasons I identified in my earlier response. This category of men produces competent leaders, to be sure. And so the Lord has only so much to choose from. It is my claim that if culturally we valued intellectual pursuits and professions (true intellectual pursuits; sorry, but this does not include business scholars) more, then more men would enter these areas of life and the Lord would have more to choose from in staffing the highest positions of leadership. That would reinforce, hypothetically, a willingness to embrace intellectual and artistic virtues more broadly. And I think we would have a better church culture as a result.
Syphax
You think that’s bad? Trying being a musician and a member of the Church.
Aside from identifying with Nick (even though I don’t have a PhD), I just want to say that, like RBC, I have to disagree with reb. I’m only 26 and I’ve seen plenty of the doctor-bias (which of course includes other professions, too) in my life. In our last ward accountants were the dominant group, and in the ward I grew up in it was dentists and orthodontists. Members of these professions were basically the ward “elite”–something I find fairly ironic, considering.
There’s a general sentiment among my Mormon circles of acquaintances that people are afraid to disagree with me unless they’ve “done their research.” I find this really unfair, since all I do is do MY research–I don’t like to comment on things unless I’ve read up on them. Why is this such a foreign idea? The anti-intellectual bias is not something we’re imagining, and it’s not healthy.
I can relate to Nick and others who find themselves in wards during their graduate education filled with medical, dental, and law students. I am the token archaeologist in my ward who hangs out with the token entomologist and the token Hispanic studies student. So while accounting for your ward’s location (university town) and accompanying demographic, I agree that this is definitely part of Mormon culture rather than an isolated example found in one ward. Mormon men who seek additional education beyond their undergraduate degree seek after higher paying professions that permit them to fulfill the expectations that the the church has taught them.
What I find distracting about this focus on making money and being socially respectable is that it insinuates that there is some connection between spiritual worthiness/fitness for a calling and the professional/economic success of an individual. As we learned from the original 12 apostles, the majority fishermen, the Lord can mold individuals regardless of social class or profession into powerful instruments of God. The base requirements are individual worthiness and spiritual preparedness.
I believe that God values all knowledge equally and that while I may not earn as much as these popular professions, I can add to the kingdom of God my unique skill set and perspective that comes from a career path not followed by many others.
I also think that sometimes we think we need more material comforts than are actually necessary to live happy and successfully lives. The church has always encouraged us to live within our means, not to go out and seek riches (well unless you use them for good and to build up the kingdom of God).
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Emirates Will Cover Your Funeral Costs If You Catch Covid-19 While Travelling
by Aussie Spirit
Not only medical treatment, Emirates will also pay for the funeral of its passengers if they succumb to coronavirus.
The airline’s new strategy is aimed at boosting passenger demand amid the pandemic.
The Dubai-based airline said last week that they would offer up to $1,765 for a passenger’s funeral if they die of COVID-19.
Emirates would also cover the medical expenses of up to $176,000 if a passenger is diagnosed with COVID-19 during their journey.
The airline would pay for around $118 per day for quarantine costs, including hotel room, for up to two weeks. The coverage is available till October 31.
The airline said that the cover is valid for a period of 31 days from “the moment you take your first flight, and it covers you even if you travel onwards to another city”.
However, testing costs are not covered and the passengers must get in touch with the airline to get the expenses approved. “It is an investment on our part, but we are putting our customers first, and we believe they will welcome this initiative,” Emirates Group CEO Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum said in a statement.
The cover would be provided through NEXtCARE, an arm of insurance provider Allianz. The cover would be applied automatically and is free.
Emirates is not the only airline to offer medical cover. These moves come as the airline industry is severely hit by the pandemic.
Emirates, too, saw demand falling 90 per cent, according to airline President Tim Clark, as mentioned in Business Insider. Emirates is also one of the most-badly hit airlines as it only flies internationally and international travel has dropped to zilch.
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Ayo Oyebade
Bringing you Entertainment News
Norwell Roberts QPM to receive Legend Recognition at CA Awards 2016.
London, 24/06/2016. Norwell Roberts QPM to receive CA award legend recognition
Hub magazine today announces the decision to award Norwell Roberts with the highest category of the Creativity Award, Legend award in recognition and honour of his selfless and long dedication to the safety of the Community and his determination to pave way for the next generation.
Roberts has been associated with several firsts. He is the first black police officer to join the Metropolitan Police, first black member of the CID, the first black officer to serve 30 years, the first black undercover officer and the first black police officer to be awarded the Queen’s Police Medal.
Roberts also ran an attendance centre in Mill Hill for young offenders on weekends. Roberts has lectured at Universities, schools and colleges around the UK.
Roberts received police commendations on three occasions, one of which was for his involvement in 1985 when he was part of a squad who arrested five people in six days for a contract killing. Metropolitan Police Commissioner, Sir Robert Mark praised Roberts’ contribution towards better relations between white and black communities.
Mr Norwell subsequently was awarded the Queen’s Police Medal for distinguished service in 1995.
On 15 March 1996, Roberts attended Buckingham Palace where he was presented with the medal by Prince Charles. During the presentation, Prince Charles told Roberts that, “We need more people like you.”
Despite stiff challenges and racism, Mr Norwell’s determination was never shaken. When he made the decision to join the Metropolitan Police in 1967, aged 21, Roberts became a target of both public and media scrutiny. He became the most conspicuous officer and his every move would make headlines.
Receiving the news of his appointment to receive the highest recognition at the prestigious C. Hub magazine Creativity Award which celebrates and recognises the best talent and contributions of African and Caribbean creatives globally; he said, “I am indeed humbled by your decision to present me with this award. I was at Hendon Training School on Friday 10th of June, at the Last Passing Out Parade and was so pleased to be approached by many Black and Asian Officers of all ranks who wanted to meet me knowing that I was the first Black Man to join the Metropolitan Police in 1967.
As you can imagine it was not easy. I had to succeed, because I had to prove to myself and others too that one can attain and achieve whatever they want by resilience and determination whilst in the face of severe adversity. I would like to thank those who suggested me for consideration.
I really look forward to the occasion.”
Emeka Anyanwu, C. Hub magazine publisher and the awards organiser said, “We are extremely glad to have Norwell Roberts to be one of our highest award recognition recipients this year. He is the epitome of what CA award stands for. C. Hub magazine Creativity Award is the most prestigious platform to thoroughly reflect, recognise, celebrate and highlight the great talent and creativity of African and Caribbean men and women. This cannot be overstated how talented and the immense contributions that people of African and Caribbean make in the betterment of our world which are often overlooked and brushed aside. We can no longer wait by the side hoping that anyone else should take the responsibility of giving our people a pat on the back.”
About CA Award:
CA award is C. Hub magazine Creativity Award created to further cement the vision and mission of C. Hub magazine which is to inspire, celebrate, challenge and encourage creativity within African and Caribbean communities as well as create a platform for the younger generation of creatives to be discovered and encouraged.
CA award is the most prestigious and most valued accolade that focuses on all aspects of creativity, careers and enterprise, held annually in London receiving over 500 guests from around the world.
The 2016 award will see over 50 highly talented individuals from different sectors recognised at a lavish dinner on the 19th November, 2016, at Hilton Hotel Tower Bridge London. Nominations for general categories are now open to the public. For ticket and more details please visit – www.chubmagazine.com/events . Or join the conversation and updates on twitter – @C_hubmagazine, hashtag #CAaward2016.
Category : Awards, Current Affairs, Glitz and Glamour, Honorary Awards, Recognition, Red Carpet Interviews
Tags : Ayo Oyebade, Dr Brighton Chireka, Emeka Anyawu, Eze Ihenacho, Faustina Anyawu, Geoffrey Odur, Legend, Michaelene Holder-March, Norwell Roberts, Professor Rotimi Jaiyesimi, Recognition, Sarah Graham
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Home / World Cannabis News / Anger in Denver as Lawmakers Ban Marijuana Use at Bars and Restaurants
Anger in Denver as Lawmakers Ban Marijuana Use at Bars and Restaurants
Sarah Parfitt November 25, 2016 World Cannabis News
Denver lawmakers have announced a devastating blow to bars and restaurants in regards to the recently approved Initiative 300 that was passed to allow such establishments to permit marijuana use on their premises. But, unfortunately, lawmakers have decided to make a new law blocking any establishment that holds a liquor license from getting a social marijuana use permit.
A large portion of the businesses interested in participating in Initiative 300 will no longer be permitted, The Denver Post reports. Dispensaries are already prohibited from allowing on-site consumption, and will continue to be prohibited under Initiative 300. The guidelines could be further adjusted to include event venues as well.
The new rule is a shock to those that supported Initiative 300. Although many businesses will be out of luck, Mason Tvert of Marijuana Policy Project says that there are still plenty of other business types that will be able to have social marijuana consumption permits.
Tvert said, “This doesn’t completely hinder the entire law. Remember that this whole thing kind of got started with the Colorado Symphony Orchestra fundraiser that was held in an art gallery.” Tvert was regarding the 2014 theme of an event by the Colorado Symphony Orchestra.
The Colorado Restaurant Association (CRA) issued a statement saying, “The CRA, along with many other stakeholders, expressed concerns about the public dual consumption of marijuana and alcohol.” Concerns are also surrounding the loss of business insurance, as some insurers do not wish to insure restaurants that allow on-site marijuana use.
Tvert said, “It is astonishing that the Department of Revenue is so openly fighting a turf battle on behalf of the liquor industry. They seem to think it’s fine for patrons of bars and concert venues to get blackout drunk, but unacceptable for them to use a far less harmful substance like marijuana instead. This will not prevent adults from using marijuana and alcohol at the same time, but it will ensure that the marijuana gets used out in the alley or on the street rather than inside of a private establishment.”
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🎹 Roland FP-90 | REVIEW | Digital Piano | 2021 | Is it good?
By Tim Praskins - AZ Piano Reviews
🎹 The Roland FP-90 digital piano is good for anyone wanting a wanting a portable digital piano lot of digital features and very playable key action. However, we found the piano sound to be quite artificial at times and not near as realistic as we expected it would be, especially as compared to a real acoustic piano. Although this new model has some compelling features, it's the piano sound itself and the way it operates that is a disappointment to us.
🎹 UPDATED REVIEW - Jan 1, 2020 | Roland FP-90 digital piano | ($2099 internet discount price - not including optional triple pedal unit and furniture stand) This Roland FP-90 portable digital piano by Roland has been redesigned in almost every way from previous models but it has been out for a few years already. The new Roland FP-90X is soon to come out for 2021 in a few months for slightly more money and will replace the older FP-90. Stay tuned for my review of this model once it arrives. In the meantime the FP-90 is still the "current model" and will likely remain available as long as Roland has them.
Sometimes a company will just do a slight "refresh" on their new models but in this case just about everything is new in the FP-90 (available in either satin black or white) and I like most of those changes very much. The Roland company is well known for their vast array of music products for stage, home, educational market, and many people who have never played piano to people who are advanced pianists play Roland digital pianos. The Roland company has its international headquarters based in japan and have been making musical instruments and music products for many, many years and in fact I personally own some Roland professional music gear. So when it comes to quality engineering and durability, Roland is at the top with the best and I like them very much.
The FP-90 is a unique portable digital piano for Roland because it uses Roland's new top of the line key action found in their top of the line home digital pianos along with a new proprietary piano sound chip and brand new functions all going through the most powerful FP internal speaker system ever (this baby can get LOUD). I have played this new model many times and have grown to understand it very well and have enjoyed the experience. The FP-90 is really all about "playing the piano" and even though it has other features and functions, in my opinion a person would want to own this piano to focus on piano playing as a practice and performance instrument for beginners through advanced players, with the other functions and features being secondary to that reason. So even though the FP-90 does other things...they should only be considered important if you like what this instrument does as a piano.
So what are the things that really makes the new FP-90 unique? For starters it uses a brand new technology for creating the piano sound which is called "Physical Modeling." Normally in all prior FP models as well as in the other top brands in this price range, the acoustic piano sound is created using real acoustic grand pianos with microphones near them to record the real piano sound from different angles and positions in the real piano and then that stereo sound recording is put into the digital piano. When you play that digital piano then what you hear is the sound that came from the real acoustic grand piano sampled/recorded with microphones. But that process has its own limitations because that original piano sound is reproduced using "sample loops" rather than the sound be a complete linear recreation that starts and ends as one complete uninterrupted sound over a long period of time. Sampling or recording the real piano sound means you have to use a slice of the sound that may be heard for a number of seconds until that slice repeats itself automatically and so on. The key to making a great piano "sample" is how that sound (slice) decays, resonates, and responds to dynamics over over a period of time before it starts all over again and so that you don't hear or notice the "loop point" where the sample starts over again.
Some of the top digital pianos companies that use piano sampling such as Kawai, do a very impressive job creating a sound sample from highly sensitive pro microphones surrounding a top concert grand piano that sonically sounds like there is no sample loop point to most ears when that sound is recorded and put into a digital piano, only there really is a loop point. However, if you play a note on a recorded/sampled digital piano and you allow the piano sound to sustain long enough over time without playing another note, you may be able to hear the sample loop point (depending on the sampling process and the quality of that sample) and the way it behaves...rather than an organic linear piano sound with natural overtones found in regular acoustic pianos that obviously have no sample "loops." To try to solve this sample loop point issue, Roland is using mathematical algorithms to create acoustic piano sounds in the "virtual world" without the use of microphones and recorded grand piano samples. Roland has tried to reconstruct what an actual professional sounding acoustic grand piano really sounds like and then to try to reproduce that sound "virtually" so that the piano sound can have the natural qualities and tendencies of real acoustic pianos without the potential downsides of sampled piano technology. The question is...has Roland been able to do that...to make their FP90 sound like a real piano and make it sound even better than any of their competition who still use (they all do) the recording/sampling process? In my opinion the answer is...yes and no.
Without going into great detail about the entire process of "physical modeling" and how that process all works, it is important to say that a natural acoustic piano sound is very complex. With approximately 230 individual strings of different lengths, different diameters, and materials being struck by felt hammers with different thicknesses of felt, and the strings vibrating individually and together through a physical wood soundboard in the piano. The sampling process does not have to worry about all that...it just uses microphones positioned in different areas around the grand piano (as previously mentioned) while recording the sounds with the end result being...the actual acoustic piano sound itself being recorded one note at a time over 88 keys. But physical modeling has to recreate all that stuff from scratch without the actual piano being recorded as sampled sounds...but instead just mathematical algorithms as I mentioned before. The Roland FP90 has 4 distinct physical modeled grand piano tones and all the other instrument tones are sampled. Those 4 physical modeled piano sound details/elements in the FP90 (which is what Roland is promoting) include virtual stereo tonal dynamics, tonal color, volume changes with a huge dynamic volume & tonal range (expression), string vibrations, damper sustain duration, and volume over time (staccato & legato) with note mixing, and it all sounded impressive. At first glance (listening) you would think what you are hearing is a real grand piano with all of its nuances whether playing very lightly or with lots of power. That's how I felt about it at first, and playing the FP90 was initially a unique piano-like experience and quite enjoyable overall.
However, there are some downsides to this new technology which was particularly evident to me as I continued to play the FP-90 for awhile. A few of the notes in the upper octaves had a plunky, muted sound to them that was very unnatural as compared to a real acoustic piano and when these notes were played individually I could really hear these anomalies. Fortunately these anomalies can be mostly corrected with Roland's "Piano Designer" editing function which allows the user to edit the piano sound by individual notes and the sound character of each note. I was able to get rid of most of the anomalies like the plunky, muted tone of the notes in question. However if you just play the piano from its normal factory settings, in my opinion these specific notes just don't sound real at all and in fact sound quite digital. Another anomaly that I found to be irritating from time to time is what the piano sound does when sustaining multiple notes at the same time within a musical passage or chord. Sometimes the sustained chord sound came out sounding like it was just too much, too big, and just overdone which not as much clarity as I would have liked. This partly has to do with the fact that the FP90 pedaling damper/sustain piano note volume & time is substantially longer than ever before including more than the other name brands in this way. This may sound like it should be a good thing and it mostly is, but this piano sustain tone was at times a bit fatiguing to my ears if I played for longer periods of time using longer sustained notes and chords. Good, long piano sustain is one thing, but having it come out naturally and organically is another. I talk more about this below with regard to pedaling.
PHA50 Hybrid key action
The key action construction has been greatly upgraded over previous models with wood materials being used in the keys which Roland calls their new hybrid PHA50 triple sensor hammer (graded weighted) key action. This key action tries to replicate the subtle smooth movements of a real piano and Roland has definitely done a great job in that way (although it is certainly not perfect), getting closer to the real thing than ever before. Roland uses real wood side slats attached to the plastic keys to give the key more support and more of an organic look and response than on previous models, as well as increasing the more natural behavior of the keys as they move. One thing for sure, this new PHA50 hybrid key action is definitely the best key action that Roland has ever had in a portable digital piano and not only do the keys move in a fairly natural way, the keys (their movement) themselves are much quieter than on their prior models and perhaps the quietest key action in it class. There is still a small bit of ambient key noise when the keys move but that is normal. Loud clunky key noise used to be a big problem with Roland key actions in the past...but not any more. They really did an outstanding job improving the key action and the FP-90 feels very comfortable to play. The action still has the 3 key sensors per key for better repetition recognition for sensing key repetition, especially when playing at a faster rate. The escapement (let-off) feature is still part of the Roland key action as it was in it as previous models. This key action escapement simulation simulates what a grand piano key action feels like when you press the keys down very lightly. There is a slight hesitation or notch about half-way down when pressing the keys. This is a nice feature, although a somewhat too subtle compared to the real thing. Since this escapement simulation is not the real thing, it is not absolutely necessary to have in a digital piano key action in my opinion, but it does add a touch of realism to the piano playing experience in this price range nevertheless.
The key tops still have Roland's proprietary synthetic ebony and ivory keytops from previous models which feel very good to the fingers and those keys try to simulate the real ivory and ebony material of acoustic piano keytops from many decades ago. I would say that the key movement (weight) of the keys when going down (static touch weight - amount of finger strength in your fingers needed to press the keys) as being medium...not too stiff and not too light...very responsive to play and keys move quickly when you want them to. So when it comes to key action in a portable digital piano in this price range (under $2000), my favorite key actions right now are the new Roland PHA50 as well as the Kawai RH3 counter-weight key technology used in their competitive model called the ES920. Both key actions play great with the Kawai seeming to be a bit lighter in touch weight and the Roland a bit firmer to play on. Personally I prefer a key action to be a bit lighter in touch but not overly easy or light to play. I know piano players who prefer to have their key action a bit heavier without being too heavy so the Roland PHA50 action may be the better choice in that case. However, the new Kawai ES920 at $1599 is much closer the feel of a real acoustic piano based on all my years of playing real upright and grand pianos as compared to the Roland FP90 in my opinion But either way you can enjoy the Roland PHA50 key action in the FP-90 and it is definitely better than the Yamaha P-515 and most other major brands within this price range (in a compact "portable" piano). The other guys need to step up their game if they want to compete in this way to either the Roland and the Kawai..
OK, now onto the pedaling. The FP-90 comes with a single damper sustain pedal called a DP10 which triggers the continuous detection for damper sustain so that no matter how little or far you press the pedal down, you will always get the proper amount of sustain like you would on a real acoustic piano. This effect is otherwise known as "half-damper" sustain on some other brands of digital pianos which is electronically adjustable on some models for the amounts of sustain that you want. Roland, by default, covers the full spectrum of pedal sustain when the single pedal is pressed down. The single pedal can also be switched over to an on/off pedal in case you want to use the pedal to control other features on the piano that does not require the continuous detection mode. You could select and trigger a variety of functions from the function menu by pressing the pedal to trigger those functions instantly instead of manually going into the menu to get those same features. Also, Roland offers two optional 3-pedal products including a portable metal triple pedal unit for people who travel with their digital pianos and like to take it places and want more than just the standard included single damper pedal. The other pedal option is the furniture triple pedal bar that attaches to an optional furniture stand for the FP90 and makes the FP90 look more like a more formal home cabinet model. Either option is very nice and a great addition to the FP90 and how it operates.
Another important aspect of FP-90 pedaling is the fact that the damper sustain and volume time (aka: decay time) is very long like a real piano when using the FP-90 pedal, and is in fact the longest sustain decay/volume time of any piano in this price range that I have ever heard, and is very impressive. This is because of the Physical Modeling technology that Roland uses to achieve their new piano sounds, and the sustain volume and time that all 88 notes notes have are even and resonate over all 88 notes. This type of very long decay using the damper pedal can be very useful when trying to achieve a full resonating piano sound throughout the piano on all 88 keys when music is played in a legato smooth fashion. There are many digital pianos that have good sustain and decay time for their piano sounds, but not to the extent that Roland does in this FP90. It sounds like there are all kinds of strings vibrating and resounding at the same time in a linear fashion without hearing sample loops that you might hear on certain brands of digital pianos when those piano sounds are sustained for longer periods of time. The Roland FP90 is the clear winner here for damper/sustain time. Depending on how you use the damper pedal, this kind of damper sustain tone can be very useful in your playing, especially if you are an intermediate to advanced player.
However, with regard to pedal damper-sustain decay time and how all that has an affect on your music, just because Roland can create longer and bigger decay time and volume using their Physical Modeling Technology, that does not mean the sustained piano tone is accurate or natural. I found that when playing the FP-90, depending on the type of music I was playing and how much damper-sustain pedal I was using, the tonal result had some strange anomalies in it with too much sustain along with what I thought were some unnatural overtones coming out of the piano tone every now & then. Sometimes it sounded great and other times not so great depending on the music I was playing. It was almost like there was some digital interference within the sustained chord, but in fact I believe that Roland just threw in the proverbial "kitchen sink" when trying to duplicate what real grand pianos sounds like whether being heard through the FP90 internal speakers or through stereo headphones. Sometimes I liked it and sometimes I did not and I felt like there was a lack of note clarity from time to time. It's a bit difficult to explain without actually hearing it, but since notes in a real grand piano are heard further away from the player because the strings are physically further away, and in an upright piano there is the cabinet structure enclosed over the strings and soundboard, a person's ears hear and sense the sound differently than when hearing it through internal audio speakers in the FP90 which are right in front of you, or through headphones where the sound goes right into your head. In part it may be a matter of proximity to the ears. But no matter what the case, the pedal sustain and decay time & volume over time is huge and long lasting on the FP90, but not always musically satisfying or natural in my opinion, and sometimes overwhelming to the actual piano sound and it can have an artificial tone to it. I did try to edit out some of the anomalies by reducing & eliminating the string resonance in the "Piano Designer" editing function so there would be less weird overtones and that did help a bit, but that did not change the overwhelming and artificial sustain issue. This may not be something that bothers or affects the average player or student if you have not played much piano before and you may not see this as a problem at all...but for my ears it is just too much and gives it an artificial flavor.
One of the interesting things about the piano Physical Modeling technology in the FP-90 is that there is not a limitation on the amount of Polyphony (piano sound processing power) that the piano has in it specifically for the 4 physical modeled acoustic piano sounds. Therefore the FP90 has unlimited polyphony for those sounds whereas sampled piano digital pianos have a maximum limit of 256-note polyphony for all instrument sounds and other digital pianos have 128, 64, 48, and 32 note polyphony. However as long as the piano sample chip in a digital piano has at least 128 note polyphony, then seems to make little difference in the outcome of the sound for most people who play piano normally/recreationally and don't play or record multiple sounds all at one time, so I would not worry about it one way or the other. The FP90 has 4 different piano sounds using the Physical Modeling technology as I mentioned earlier and all the other instruments (non acoustic piano tones) are sampled and have a polyphony limitation of a huge 384-note polyphony which is more than most people will ever use in a non-workstation digital piano. It's like getting huge horse power in your vehicle's engine but you rarely go over 90 miles per hour speed and you usually don't accelerate super fast so you just do not need all that horse power. One of the few reasons for needing a huge amount of Polyphony is because you do extensive multi-track recording on the piano using many instruments on many tracks, or you play many sounds layered together live in real time. In both cases the FP90 cannot do the multiple sound play or multiple recording tracks.
The FP90 has 346 (non-physical modeled) instrument sounds which are located in instrument sound group buttons on the control panel. When you press a sound group button then you can scroll through that group menu to see the individual instrument sounds available in that group. The buttons are located in a convenient place on the panel above the keys and are intuitive to use. All 346 (which is a lot) of the regular instrument sounds are sampled/recorded as previously mentioned (not physically modeled) plus there are 8 complete drum kits and a group of special effects. The quality of those instruments, percussion, and special effect sounds is very good on many of them and they include really nice string symphonies, harpsichords, organs of all types, brass, reeds, woodwinds, guitars, synths, electric pianos, and many more. When it comes to synth sounds, Roland has always been known to professional players for some of the best sounding synths, pads, and similar tones and the FP-90 is no exception. It has vintage Jupiter (JP) sustained tones, D50 sustained stack, and synth-choir tones that pro players who like synth sounds enjoy hearing. The FP90 also allows a person the ability to layer any two sounds together for live play or splitting any two sounds with one sound on the left side of the keyboard and the other sound on the right side of the keyboard with an adjustable spit point. Most digital pianos do that so it is not unusual, but it's definitely important. I enjoy using a variety of sounds in my songs playing them one at a time and switching to a few different instruments during a song or classical piece of music as well as layering two complimentary sounds together such as piano & organ, strings & harpsichord, electric piano & pad/synth, etc.
Along with being able to play all those sounds live, you can also playback General MIDI 16-track song files through the piano using a USB flashdrive loaded with the songs so that you can hear them being played and play and/or sing along with them. The USB flashdrive must be connected to the USB device memory input on the back of the FP-90 piano which is somewhat inconvenient, especially if you have the piano on a stand up against a wall. Most digital pianos these days have the device (flashdrive) input on the front of the control panel for easy access so the positioning of the FP-90 USB device memory input is a disappointment with regard to that. When it comes to playing back multi-track MIDI song files, the better the internal instrument sounds of the instrument and the more sounds that it has, the better the MIDI songs will sound when playing back. So when it comes to General MIDI song files, Roland is, without question, the best that there is...nobody comes close to the authenticity of the live instrument sounds in the songs and how they are mixed, the effects that are used on them, and the overall enjoyment you get from those songs. You name it and you can probably get just about any song you know as a MIDI song file so that you can learn that song by playing the piano parts live along with the full instrumentation of the song playing back. There are other brands and models that have MIDI song file playback such as Yamaha, Casio, and Kawai, but Roland is the King of General MIDI when it comes to realism of sounds and how they are mixed.
Now I am going to talk about the control panel of this new FP90 and changes that Roland has implemented in this model that were not on previous models. First of all it is obvious that the buttons and control sliders have changed significantly. The control panel consists of 25 nice sized round flush-mount buttons and 8 full length vertical sliders (5 volume, 3 EQ) mounted above the keys with a 2-line black & white LCD display screen in the middle of the control panel. It's a very clean, contemporary look and I like it and the buttons are absolutely flush with the control panel so you cannot feel the buttons sticking up above the panel. That's the first time I have seen something like this on a digital piano and the Roland design team has done an excellent job with the new design. The buttons are easy to press and make a slight click sound when you press them so you know that you have made the selection. Even the sliders are almost flush-mounted and rise just barely above the panel...very nice, sleek, and functional. Each button is backlit in a circle around the button with a soft, subdued white light, so the look of it is very nice. When a button/feature is selected then the button back-lite lights up to a bright white color. Just above each button is the name of the feature/function that each button would select.
Here's what I don't like about the control panel. Even though the buttons are back-lit with a soft white light around the button, I would have much preferred another color such as red to identify a button that was pressed rather than just a brighter white color as it is now. It is more difficult to tell which button was pressed when it goes from a soft to a brighter white color among all those other backlit (soft white light) buttons...much too subtle for me. It is interesting to note that Roland does use a prominent red color (looks great) on a couple of buttons when that button is selected such as the record button or metronome button...but not on most of the other buttons when that button is selected. Also, when playing in a darkened room, it is easy to see the backlit buttons, but the names just above those buttons are not lit up at all and cannot be seen in a darkened room. In my opinion Roland should have had those names backlit as well especially since they are going through the effort of lighting up all the buttons all the time, because that would have been a big help to me.
The FP-90 has song recording features and they are very useful and work well. There is a 1-track MIDI recorder and a 1-track audio wav file recorder. The recorder/player also can play back audio MP3 recordings but cannot record them. I am surprised the recorder is only 1-track and not two or more separate tracks that can be found on other digital pianos in this price range, so this is a letdown for me, especially for this price. Roland also has a 1/4" audio input for a microphone so that not only can you sing through the piano internal speaker system and have control over the mic volume, you can record your voice into the audio wav file recorder and play it back separately or along with the music you are playing, which is a very cool feature. You can also add vocal effects to your voice by switching on the FP90 effects such as reverb, compressor, doubler, and editing the amount you want each effect to have. You can use all the effects simultaneously or one or two at a time which gives you a lot of flexibility when it comes to singing live and/or recording your voice from the FP90. There is even a separate mic volume control to change volume in real time. The only negative aspect of using the mic is that the effects, which can be very useful to have, cannot be easily shut off unless you have the optional triple pedal unit. I did not see any way to disengage the effects with a hardware button or menu function from the control panel, so you have to go into the vocal effects menu and shut off the effects one at a time which is tedious and not in keeping with simplicity that I would have expected from Roland. As I mentioned, you can get on/off control of the effects but only with the optional triple pedal unit and assigning that function to one of the pedals.
Other functions in the FP-90 which are fairly standard on most digital pianos is layering and splitting two different sounds together at the same time along with having real-time volume sliders for upper & lower parts on the control panel which adjusts the volume of both sounds independently. Other digital pianos in this price range can also control volume but in a different way through the internal menu. You can also save up to thirty "registration presets" into memory so that when you set up a certain combination of sounds, effects, layers, splits, etc, you can select that setting again from the registration memories. This can be very useful and allows you to retrieve your custom set-ups rather than trying to recreate them all over again.The FP90 offers a transpose button on the front panel which allows you to electronically change the key of the song in real time without any glitch or hesitation. If you are playing in one key and want to modulate to the next key up or down, you can easily do this from the front panel which is a great feature. Otherwise you can hold the transpose button and press any key on the keyboard which will then instantly allow you to play your song in that key. The transpose feature also can set the key separately for song playback in case you need it in a different key for a particular vocal range. The piano also has a very handy 4 band EQ system with three real time sliders on the front control panel for instant equalization of the over all sound coming out of the speakers or headphones. I really like this feature along with it being customizable, and a few other digital pianos have this very useful feature. Other digital pianos do have EQ but you need to access it through the menu or through an iPad app, so there are different ways to access EQ.
A feature I found very interesting was the 3D effect through stereo headphones. It's supposed to give you the impression the piano sound is all around you coming from different directions as opposed to directly into your ears. Roland calls it "an immersive sound experience" which gives you the feeling you're not actually wearing headphones at all...and that's really the point of this feature. In the FP90 this headphone effect is called ambience (ambience is also an instrument reverb effect which I discuss below) and I tried it out and found that overall, it had a unique effect on the piano sound listening through stereo headphones and this 3D effect can be adjusted incrementally to fine tune it to your personal tastes. Personally after trying it out for quite awhile, I don't care for using it much as it somewhat distorts or changes the nature of the piano sound as far as I am concerned. But this is new technology in digital pianos and is a nice feature to have for some people, especially if you'll be using headphones often. This headphone 3D sound effect comes on automatically when powering up the piano but can also be adjusted or turned off completely depending if you want it or not (I turn it off). I will say that it is important to have good sounding higher quality headphones when trying to enjoy the piano privately regardless of whether you are using the #D effect or not. This is because lower quality, cheap headphones can make the piano sound tinny or muted and just not very pleasurable. If you are going to use headphones, make sure they are higher quality that reproduce the piano sound in an accurate way that translates the organic tones of the SuperNATURAL sound properly. Roland actually makes a variety of high quality stereo headphones so their headphones would be a good choice for that purpose.
Another function of the ambience button is to add reverb/echo to the overall piano sound, otherwise that piano sound can be a bit 'dry." I like the way reverb adds to the overall tonal character of the instrument sounds and this feature is common on digital pianos. However some digital pianos have a good variety of realistic reverb effects, and some do not.The ambience/reverb effects (Roland does not define the word ambience as reverb) is adjustable to give more or less reverb in incremental amounts. Unfortunately and surprisingly the ambience effect was not very impressive to me and in fact quite limited. Even in the owners manual of the FP90 Roland says very little about this feature...and I think I know why...it just isn't that good in my opinion...and yet many people like and use that feature and I am one who definitely does:). It just makes things sound better depending on the music you are playing and the instrument you are using. The ambience/reverb echo time is also quite short (length of duration time) even when at maximum level.
Another disappointment for me with regard to the ambience feature is that the ambience setting (amount of ambience) is a "global" setting for all piano and instrument sounds instead of being able to assign different types or amounts of ambience/reverb on different piano and instrument tones. So If you wanted a full sounding ambience/reverb effect on a piano tone but a small sounding ambience reverb on a harpsichord, you could not do that on the FP-90...you would have to manually change the entire effects setting if you needed a different ambience/reverb setting for another sound...very inconvenient. The ambience/reverb setting goes from "plain" to "rich." Rich is supposed to be the largest amount reverb you can get, but it actually has a fairly short duration of time (length of reverb) and there is just no way that I see to improve upon that. To make matters worse, the ambience effect has no way of being disengaged by a button once the effect is applied to the piano/instrument sounds. Instead you have to manually go into the ambience menu from the ambience button and then reduce the amount of the ambience that you want. This is definitely not in keeping with the quality and variety of effects that Roland is known for in other music products they produce, and I would have expected more from them. They should have at least put the ambience effects settings in the main function menu for setting it up and then have the ambience button for turning the effect on & off. That is logical to me but maybe I am missing something and Roland has a purpose for doing it this way...but I just don't see it. Sometimes what appears to be a simpler control panel with simple buttons actually leaves out important controls that you may otherwise have wanted, such as what I just described. So for me, given the fact that Roland is well known for high quality effects and practical controls, this one is a big let down. But maybe you won't care because perhaps you won't be using ambience/reverb effects at all or just very sparingly...and that's ok.
With regard to all of the fundamental parts of piano playing which I have just talked about including key action, piano sound, and pedaling. if all there was on this model was that you just turned on the power and started playing piano, that may be enough for some people. But for other people who enjoy "tweaking" and customizing the sound, feel, and overall piano playing response, Roland has included a huge amount of editing functions called "Piano Designer" just for that very purpose. In fact many of these functions are quite useful and allow people the opportunity of personalizing the playability of the piano along with the piano sound being set up to their particular tastes in a number of ways. These features are fairly easy to use although they may be "over-the-top" for some people, but that's OK because it's better to have them then to not have them, in my opinion. In regular acoustic pianos there are ways that a piano technician-tuner can personalize and customize the piano sound and key action but that can be an expensive process. In the Roland digital pianos this process is in the "digital domain" so it's right at your fingertips by the press of a couple of buttons and you use your ears, fingers, and pedal sound to determine what you like and don't like. Once you make a change to the overall piano sound you can then save it to a power-up memory. If you don't want those saved changes anymore you can then just reset the piano easily to the factory default settings. Some of the sound editing changes that you can do include Grand Piano Lid height position, Key Off Noise, Hammer Noise, Duplex Scale adjustment, Full Scale String Resonance, Damper Resonance, Key Off Resonance, Cabinet Resonance, Soundboard Type, Damper Noise, Single Note Tuning, Single Note Volume, Single Note Character, and 100 levels of key touch velocity (the way the keys respond to your touch). These functions and buttons are accessed through the control panel menu. In my opinion this is the most intuitive and usable placement of controls, display screen, and button placement on a digital portable piano, although Kawai has the same control panel placement on their competitive ES8 model as do a couple other brands. So when it comes to just playing the piano, you can do it the traditional way and simply power up the Roland piano and play, or you can edit and personalize the sound in just about any way you want to and see what you're doing in the nice LCD display screen in the center of the piano above the keyboard. Roland also has an app available for iPad in the app store called "Piano Designer" which can be used to make the changes you want in a more intuitive way using the iPad touch screen. It makes the process a whole lot easier and definitely more fun...I would recommend it.
Another new technology included in the new Roland FP-90 piano is Bluetooth device connectivity. Bluetooth in digital pianos is relatively new and encompasses a number of separate features and some tablet apps do not have Bluetooth implemented yet. So when you hear the word "Bluetooth" in digital pianos, it doesn't mean they all do the same thing or can do everything associated with the Bluetooth technology. The Roland Bluetooth abilities include BT audio streaming so that you can hear the music from your Bluetooth capable external device (tablet, cell phone, computer, etc) such as iTunes come through the piano speaker system. Another Bluetooth feature is MIDI Streaming connectivity so that you can interact with Bluetooth capable apps or programs such as Garage Band for iPad which is a great MIDI music and recording app. It is very popular for music education and lots of fun to use. So not only will the app respond to your Bluetooth input from the piano as you play the keys, but you can also hear the music audio coming from that app through the piano speakers. A third Bluetooth function is "pedal Air page tuning. This BT feature allows you to open up sheet music on your tablet with apps that have this "Air Page Turn" feature so that you can download and read sheet music from your tablet and instantly turn the virtual pages by pressing a foot pedal on your piano exactly when you need to. One of those sheet music/page turning apps is called piaScore. With piaScore you can play thousands of songs from a free sheet music library through your tablet and turn the pages with Bluetooth page turner, and I previously mentioned. You can also import your own sheet music into the piaScore app so that you can have a custom library of songs that you can read directly from the app on your tablet device and be able to turn the sheet music pages with your Roland foot pedal (on the optional 3-pedal unit).
If you find some good iPad/Android music apps in the app store that respond to MIDI and audio but don't have Bluetooth implementation yet, you can still connect the Roland piano to your tablet with the use of a USB connecting cable along with an audio cable which will do the same thing as Bluetooth audio and MIDI with the exception that it will not be wireless. But for many people, that is just fine and the fact is you'll still be properly connected with your Roland piano. Last but not least, Roland has developed a new Piano Partner 2 Bluetooth app that allows wireless BT connection so that you can access the sheet music in the app to songs built into the FP-90 as well as some educational note/sight reading digital flashcards in the app. Also, there are some interactive auto-accompaniment features generated by the app such as drum rhythm patterns and one-man band chord arrangement styles which you control by playing chords on the piano and hearing that accompaniment come through your piano speakers as you play melody and chords. It's fun and engaging and can make you sound better than you are:).
As I get get to towards the end of this review, it's time for me to talk about the internal speaker system. One thing is for sure, this baby can get loud, REALLY loud with 4 built-in speakers (2 larger speakers in their own internal speaker box and 2 smaller tweeters for more clarity) all going through 60 watts of power coming from 4 separate amplifiers. There is no lacking for volume and power in the FP-90 and it can easily fill a large room or small venue and is louder than any other portable digital piano with a built-in sound system in this price range that I have ever heard. The bass response is also good due to the speaker system power. However, it would be very seldom that you would need to play this piano at 3/4 volume let alone full volume at home or in a small space...it's just too loud in the FP-90 (I have tried it many times) and this is also true when listening through headphones. So just because a digital piano has huge power does not mean you need it or would use it in normal everyday piano playing in your home or studio. Pianos with 30-40 watts of power going through 2 speakers is generally more than enough for most people who play at home, but if you need huge volume for some reason, then the FP90 is certainly not lacking and will "blow your socks off.".
External device connectivity in the FP-90 on the back panel is very good as it has most of the needed inputs and outputs that people would want including triple pedal soft, sostenuto, and sustain pedal input (with assignable pedals), dual 1/4" audio output, mic input with separate volume control, stereo min jack input for external audio devices to run through the piano speaker system, on/off switch for internal speakers, dual standard MIDI in/out connectors, USB output to host connector, and USB flashdrive input device connector to load, record, playback, and save songs. In the right front of the FP-90 are two stereo headphone output connectors for private practice. To be able to control many aspects of the FP-90 functions, if you purchase the Roland portable triple pedal unit (as an example) then those pedals can trigger a big variety of functions including start/stop for external rhythms, metronome, song play, layer volume, overall volume of the piano, pitch bend, vibrato, mic effects (echo, doubling, etc), rotary fast/slow effect for Hammond type organ sounds, So when it comes to controlling various functions in real time which is especially useful to pro players, the FP90 does it especially well.
OK, so I really like a lot of things about this piano but here are a couple things about the FP-90 that I just don't like and one of them especially gets in my way of personal playing enjoyment. The 1st and most important thing that bothers me is known as "all notes off" command. In the past, Roland FP models as well as all other previous Roland digital pianos and other brands of digital pianos that are currently made in this price range allow you to switch from one instrument sound to another when playing a song with no notes dropping out abruptly. This would include holding or sustaining an instrument sound with your damper sustain with the next sound still heard without the previous sound suddenly dropping out with interruption as you play the new sound. In other words having a smooth transition switching one sound to the next while playing or sustaining with damper pedal is important to some players who will want to play more than one sound during the song. The FP90 cannot do this and the notes simply shut off until you press one or more keys again. If you are layering two sounds simultaneously and you want to switch one of those instrument sounds to something different while you are playing, there will be a sudden drop out on the FP-90 of the layered sound until the new layered sound is re-keyed and the next note is played. This situation is likely the result and limitation of the new Physical Modeling technology in the FP-90 and there is nothing so far that Roland has been able to do about it and I know certain people who play for public performances, for church, for professional events, and people just playing recreationally at home who definitely do not like this and would hesitate to purchase a FP-90 for this reason alone. However, if you play simply with regard to using sounds on the piano and will not be changing sounds during a song, then this limitation will not bother you because it would be irrelevant to your playing...but it is definitely worth mentioning and for me personally would be a hindrance in me owning a digital piano that did this.
The other thing I don't like about the FP-90 when playing it (and not near as important as the 1st thing) is there are not separate digital effects that you can apply to non piano sounds (electric pianos, harpsichords, organs, choirs, violins, flutes, guitars, synth sounds, etc) like there are on other digital pianos. These important effects would be chorus, tremolo, phaser, compressor, delay, panning, dual effects, etc. The FP-90 can apply a vibrato and pitch bend effect with is very cool, but only if you press a pedal on the optional triple pedal unit. But there are only 2 effects and they have nothing to do with what I am talking about here. Musicians, especially more advanced players that use and like non-acoustic piano instruments (such as the ones I mentioned) like to be able to apply their own effects to those sounds to give them a more realistic tone, especially concerning vintage electric pianos and organs. Roland has a few of these effects in a limited way, but they are already preset for specific instrument sounds and cannot be changed or added to. In fact, on some of those instrument sounds, I don't particularly like the preset effect that Roland has on the instrument sound and would much prefer to have user options, such as what the Kawai ES8 portable piano offers. The same thing is true for the reverb effect on the FP-90 that I discussed earlier...however the Kawai ES8 also handles that feature extremely well.
At the end of the day there is much to like about the Roland FP-90 including it's looks, it's powerful internal speaker system, its connectivity, and many of its features and functions. The new physical modeled acoustic piano sounds in the FP90 may be perfect to some people, but a bit unnatural and digital sounding to other people...it just depends on your piano playing experience and what your ears enjoy listening to. The pedaling works great although the amount of sustain/decay time and tone (which cannot be adjusted) may be too much and a bit overwhelming for some people...just depends on your expectations. To me it would be like eating a great steak and putting way too much steak sauce on it to give it more flavor. There's a point at which that "extra" flavor overwhelms the original taste of the steak. But as for the FP-90 key action, there is no question that it feels & moves very smoothly with good down & up weight, and in my opinion is at or near the top of plastic/plastic hybrid key actions when it comes to playing realism. When you consider the FP-90 measures approx 53" long, 15" deep, and 5" tall, is 52 lbs (without the optional furniture stand at $189 and pedals at $150) and includes a very nice detachable plex music rack, this package looks sleek and sexy and is overall a pleasure to play. The Roland factory warranty of 3 years parts and 2 years labor is a strong warranty and the reliability on Roland music products has always been excellent based on my experience with them over many years.
When it comes down to which portable digital piano you should purchase, there are a lot of options out there...some are good and some are not so good. I do recommend the Roland FP-90 digital piano because of all the reasons I have talked about, even though I think the $2099 price is too high as compared to other top brands and models. However for me personally, I still enjoy the high quality piano sampled sound technology such as what is used in the brand new 2021 Kawai ES920 ($1599US internet price - left pic) as being noticeably more natural and organic for a portable digital piano and it is $500 less than the Roland. There is just more of an overall warmth and authenticity in piano tone to me from the Kawai ES920 piano sampling sound engine than what I hear from the Roland FP-90...regardless of the more powerful internal speaker system in this Roland as compared to the Kawai ES920 and other models. As I said before, sometimes the FP-90 sounds good to me depending on what I am playing but sometimes it just doesn't cut it and sounds digital, artificial,...a bit fake. But that's my ears doing the listening and your ears may it hear it differently...although I have heard from several people who feel the same way as I do. If there was a digital piano that combined the organic warmth of sampling technology from real acoustic pianos combined with Physical Modeling technology to "fill in the cracks" (so to speak) that sampling cannot do yet, then to me, that may be the perfect piano sound in a digital piano. But for now you get a choice of the Roland Physical Modeled virtual sound technology or the industry standard sampling (organic) technology in this price range for an 88-key weight key action model with built in speakers. The choice is yours but if you choose the Roland FP-90 I think you can be happy...and that is the goal for me...to see people be happy with their purchase and with their piano playing. I love it when my piano students are happy playing their pianos and that's the way it needs to be. Choose your digital piano wisely "and may the force be with you!"
If you want more info on new digital pianos and LOWER PRICES than internet discounts, please email me at tim@azpianowholesale.com or call direct at 602-571-1864.
Want More Information? Search other posts using these Labels: 2021, best digital piano reviews & news, digital piano, FP90, low price, PHA-50 key action, physical modelling, review, Roland
Such a beautiful sounding piano, I then I hit C5# on the top of a beautiful sustained chord and then plunk! What a huge error in their default concert piano sound! I can fix it completely in piano designer (to my ear anyway) by changing the individual note voicing - single note character to 2, just for that one C#. Still love the piano, but very surprised this error is in their default sound. I haven't noticed it on any other notes - what notes to you hear a problem on? Maybe they need a firmware fix!
Luis Campos February 21, 2017 at 3:27 PM
wich action do you think is more realistic the one on the fp90 or the one on the es8? :)
I was initially interested in purchasing the Kawai CN37 next month, but wanted to wait for your review. However, let me jump to the two key questions that I have, now that I've read this review:
1) (Minor) Is there any advantage to getting the KSC90 "furniture" stand with the 3 pedal unit versus the KS-G8B stand with the RPU-3 pedal unit, other than aesthetics?
2) (Major) I want to buy a "10 year" piano for my next purchase. One of the things I was the most concerned about was integration with a modern learning system (via iPad). While it's true you can use apps that don't integrate with your piano, it seems like there's more of a theoretical advantage if you could. So, given the state of educational apps offered between the Yamaha, Kawai, and Roland, which do you think is more robust (more accurately, which of these manufacturers seem to technically invest more in this class of piano player)?
Dear Tim Praskins! Thanks for your detailed and impartial review! I totally agree with you about your noticed 1st unlike thing of FP-90 - "all sound notes off". Mainly only by this reason I did not buy this digital piano. I waiting for new Roland RD-2000 launch hoping that this real stage piano will not consist this "bug". But in some RD-2000 video on youtube I realised perhaps the same "bug" - of course now I can mistake and it should be checked while real playing. ;)
Dan April 12, 2017 at 3:52 PM
Was able to sample one of these FP90 pianos today .... I like it ! I also like my Kawai ES8 , which in my opinion has the
better sound when using the 9 foot SK function .... unfortunately ,Roland has the edge now on price .
Tim Praskins - AZ Piano Reviews April 12, 2017 at 3:58 PM
The FP90 does have the edge on price with regard to what the internet offers...however there is a way that you can get a Kawai ES8 for less money (limited time) right now than the FP90. Please email me and I can let you know more about this. I also agree with you with regard to the piano sound of the Kawai vs the Roland.
Jim Gish July 17, 2017 at 6:20 PM
I've had an FP90 for a couple of months and have a few comments. First, the touch is very good. One has a lot of control over the sound. Second, although I agree with the comments about the damper and the sustain, I did find that it is possible to tweak the settings sufficiently to bring it to a reasonable amount and duration. I spent the week sharing the FP90 at a piano retreat where there were classical performers of a very high caliber. One thing I quickly noticed is that the piano sound from six feet away is far more realistic than you get while sitting at the piano playing. In fact, I'm disappointed that it isn't any more realistic than it is while I'm playing. I've yet to try with headphones, but since that's not how I intend to use it, it's irrelevant to me. I'm going to experiment with external speakers and see if that's any better. I'd appreciate any suggestions on this point.
Fp90 vs px870?
Hi Tim.what is the difference between the fp90 and the fp60. I am in the valley of decision between the fp90 and the fp60.. thank you Tim
Jeremy Penner February 1, 2019 at 4:37 PM
I played the FP90 and the FP60 in the music store, and the two are set up somewhat similar, but play completely differently. I played the FP60 first and it was so bad I almost didn't try the FP90. The action was really weird. There was a little click at the bottom of the keybed that you had to get through. I can't describe it, but it was weird, and bad. But the FP90 felt absolutely fine. So, if action is important to you, don't touch the FP60.
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Content Disclaimer: All my reviews are independent of any others on the internet and are done with great research, time, energy, and personal experience on my part with each instrument. The content and reviews that I publish for the public are my personal opinions based on my experience for many years as a professional musician, piano instructor, and piano consultant. I do recommend many models from the top brands including Yamaha & Roland and can help you find an authorized discount retailer should you decide to purchase one and are not already doing business with a local dealer. We are not a Yamaha or Roland authorized dealer. We can order many pianos direct from many top name brands including Kawai, Casio, Samick, Dexibell, Korg, Kurzweil, Galileo, Pianoforce, and others for less money than many retail and online stores including Amazon and eBay. I am in no way affiliated with or part of AZ Piano Company, a retail piano store in Phoenix, AZ. I am not paid for my reviews from any manufacturers, distributors or re-sellers. All my reviews are done by myself and are for public use. My desire and goal is to refer you to any brand & model of new piano, digital or acoustic, that meets your musical goals, budget, and overall needs.
AZ Piano Reviews, a division of Arizona Piano Wholesale LLC, is committed to continually blogging about pianos and related content. This blog is to give info to the public so they can better determine which piano product, service, or information may be right for that individual. Arizona Piano Wholesale LLC can and does order new pianos direct from selected suppliers & manufacturers, and can also help you get lower prices from independent retail stores, brokers, distributors, and/or manufacturer suppliers depending on availability and access. As I mentioned earlier, although we are not an authorized Roland or Yamaha piano dealer, we do recommend many brands and models of new digital pianos, including Roland & Yamaha, and will direct you to an authorized source in the US for even lower prices (if available), than internet, Amazon, etc on major brands of digital pianos.
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Music: TV
BtVS Fic: In The Spotlight
Title: In The Spotlight
Fandom: BtVS
Characters: Willow, Aldo Gianfranco
Spoilers: Nightmares.
Summary: Living through your worst nightmare is no laughing matter.
Written For: juliet316’s prompt ‘BtVS, Willow Rosenberg, In the spotlight,’ at fic_promptly.
Disclaimer: I don’t own BTVS, or the characters. They belong to Joss Whedon.
A/N: Dialogue is borrowed from the episode.
It had seemed funny when Xander had been the one living out his nightmares, but now the shoe was on the other foot and suddenly it wasn’t some huge joke anymore, it was deadly serious. There was nothing like facing your greatest fear to give you a whole new perspective on a situation.
Willow looked down at the green kimono she was suddenly, inexplicably wearing; this couldn’t be happening, and yet it felt completely real. So did the mortal terror that was making her mouth dry as the Sahara desert and turning her legs to jelly
“Man, I thought you weren't gonna show! Aldo is beside himself.”
Who’s Aldo? Willow wants to ask but she can barely get enough air into her lungs to keep from passing out, never mind enough to speak. She has no idea where she is, why she’s dressed like this, or who the man is who’s straightening her kimono, all she’s sure of is that she was somewhere else and then she was here, which appears to be backstage. Someone’s making an announcement.
“Ladies and Gentlemen, we are proud to present two of the world's greatest singers!”
The unseen audience breaks into thunderous applause.
Singers? Is the person on stage talking about her? Willow hopes and prays that’s not the case; she can barely even speak in public, never mind sing. But before any thought of protesting can cross her mind, she’s being steered onto the stage behind the heavy curtain.
The man guiding her is speaking again. “I hope you're warmed up. It's an ugly crowd out there tonight. All the reviewers showed up.”
Crowd? Reviewers? Surely this nightmare can’t get any worse.
She can hear a voice coming from the other side of the curtain. “All the way from Firenze, Italy, the one and only Aldo Gianfranco! And all the way from Sunnydale, California, the world's finest soprano, Willow Rosenberg!”
Nonononono! Please, no! Aldo is already on stage, a huge, portly man in a tuxedo. He holds out a hand towards her and she steps back, wanting only to flee.
“But I... I didn't learn the words!”
The man who led her here isn’t listening, he just shoves her forward, through the curtains and onto the stage she barely manages to keep her feet, stumbling and colliding with Aldo, who looks none too pleased with her clumsiness.
As the spotlight settles on the big man, the audience goes quiet and the orchestra starts to play. The music’s completely unfamiliar to Willow, something classical, operatic. Aldo is singing now in Italian, his voice is beautiful. She might have been almost entranced under other circumstances, but not now. She’s too scared.
Then the spotlight shifts, settling on her, and she’s frozen to the spot. Everyone is waiting for her to sing, but she can’t, she doesn’t know the words and even if she did it wouldn’t help. She’s no singer. She stands there silent as the music plays,
When the spotlight returns to Aldo and he continues to sing, it’s no comfort. She’s still standing on stage in front of hundreds, maybe even thousands on people, and they’re all still expecting something from her that she can’t give.
Aldo’s glaring at her again, waiting for something. The heat from the spotlight is so intense that Willow is sure she’s going to faint dead away any second.
“My turn?” Her voice is so weak as to be barely audible.
“Mm-hmm!”
Willow doesn’t want to, but for some reason she’s compelled to try. Staring out across the crowd, unseeing, she opens her mouth but all that comes out is a squeak. The audience stirs; they don’t sound happy. Aldo turns away, disgusted, and Willow waits, wishing the stage would just open up and swallow her. Anything would be better than standing in the spotlight with crowds of strangers witnessing her humiliation.
Nightmare or reality; it makes no difference. This is the worst day of her entire life.
Tags: btvs, buffy fic, fic: g, fic: one-shot, fic_promptly, willow rosenberg
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Barney Bear's Nursery
Each Day Learning Through Play
Barney Bears in the Barking & Dagenham Post
Create Your Future: Barking & Dagenham College alumni helping others into childcare
Nursery owners Leah Clarke (back left) and Sarah Hawkins (back right) celebrate 10 years of Barney Bears
Mark Shales, Reporter Thursday, May 22, 2014, 11:12 AM
A pair of Barking & Dagenham College graduates who launched their own nursery are helping the next generation of childcarers into work.
College alumni Sarah, left, and Leah
Sarah Hawkins, 34, of Clare Gardens, Barking, and Leah Clarke, 33, of Chafford Hundred, became close friends while studying at the college, before going on to launch Barney Bears together in 2004.
Starting out as a single nursery in Upney Lane, Barking, the duo added three more sites over the decade with nurseries in Dagenham, Chigwell and West Ham.
The business currently employs 42 members of staff across the four locations, with former Barking and Dagenham College students making up almost three -quarters of those – something Leah is especially proud of.
“It’s great that we’re in a position to offer young people a job in childcare,” she said.
“We really enjoyed our time there and know how good the teaching is, which inspired us to go back.
“Without Barking & Dagenham College, we certainly wouldn’t be where we are today.”
Barney Bears recently celebrated its 10th birthday and Leah admits she is still amazed at the success of their nurseries.
“I still can’t believe how far we’ve come, and we’re still very much on the up,” she added.
“It’s been a bit of a roller coaster of a decade in some respects, but we love it as much as we did when we started. We still live and breath it.”
Ann McDaniel, childcare curriculum manager at the college is delighted to see her former students doing so well.
“It’s great to see but also so nice that they’ve come back and we’ve been able to forge a strong link with Barney Bears.
“I’m very proud of them for what they’ve achieved and proud of the college equipping them for their success.”
For more information visit barneybears.com
Categorised as: news
Holiday and Breakfast Club – Ilford
Christmas Closure Times
Holiday Club Barking Site 2018/19
Barney Bears Closure Day – SCHEMAS Training
Nursery Status Page
© 2021 Barney Bear's Nursery | powered by WordPress
Due to COVID-19, the Ilford nursery is currently closed.
The nursery will be reopening as from Monday 10th August 2020 as normal.
Parents should contact the nursery if they would like to return.
Keep safe, from all the Barney Bears team
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Baumwerk Farm
Home / linocut / The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (dark brown and cream)
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (dark brown and cream)
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (dark brown and cream) quantity
SKU: the-spiritual-mechanics-of-labor-and-rest-(dark-brown-and-cream) Category: linocut
Dark Brown and Cream, #’s 76-100
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest, is a handmade and hand printed linocut edition of 100 impressions from 2020. The image is 15″ x 24″ and is printed on archival paper, ARCHES BFK Rives cotton paper off-white 175 gms, made in France and torn to size, 18″ x 27″. (Numbers 1- 75 of the edition are printed with black ink on white paper and are available in THIS LISTING)
The Spiritual Mechanics... began as a way of building a repository or archive for many of the symbols that help me to understand my place and function in the world and the Kingdom of Heaven. It is, after a fashion, an info-graphic which serves a developing theology around the ancient kinship of labor to worship.
At the heart is a worldview which sees an holistic unity between what is spiritual and what is natural. This is a crude image which is looking towards something that is deep and nuanced in its beauty and inherent goodness within the mind of God. It is an echo of God saying of the earth and creation, “It is good.” It is an echo of the Words of the Creator resident in every atom or particle in the universe. It is an echo of John the Baptist saying, “change your hearts and minds, because the Kingdom of Heaven is at hand!” It is an echo of Jesus saying “It is finished” on the cross. Heaven is coming to earth and our labor here is not in vain.
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest is also a prayer and an offering. It is the noise my heart makes towards God, offering the smallest and most mundane moments of my days as He simultaneously offers them to me. It both seeks to say and asks if it’s really true that labor spent shoveling dirt in a garden, roofing a house, or cutting a stone before God can be as significant a spiritual lever as the most noble words of the priest in the cathedral, or the pastor behind a pulpit, or the hands of the healer in a tent.
Go On, John the Baptist
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (Black and White)
The Living Tree
The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (Black and White) Jacob Wrestling with the Angel of God
© Baumwerkshop 2021
You're viewing: The Spiritual Mechanics of Labor and Rest (dark brown and cream) $200.00
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Let’s give South Africa the power of reading!
South Africa’s literacy statistics reflect an indisputable crisis in education. Children cannot read at a proficiency level that affords them a basic comprehension of text and access to primary education after age 10, let alone secondary and tertiary academia. There is no curriculum to offer if the children cannot read the material. There is no Fourth Industrial Revolution to enter if the requirement is literacy, visual or linguistic. There is no global economy to play in, if written language isn’t engaged. There can be no scientists, entrepreneurs, economic shape shifters, software coders or other 21st Century careers if the fundamental ability to read is lacking.
South Africans are hard at work to resolve the crisis, piloting literacy schemes, holding academic ‘war rooms’ testing hypotheses for best pedagogy, best school curricula, best materials, trained and committed teachers. That is the good news.
Zulu: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.FeedTheMonsterZULU
Siswati: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterSiswati
Sepedi: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterSePedi
Xitonga: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterTsonga
Seketswana: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterTswana
SA English: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterSAEnglish
Sesotho: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterSesotho
isiNdebele: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterNdebele
Tshivenda: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterVenda
Isixhosa: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterisiXhosa
The bad news is that if one or more of these avenues materializes on scale, it will be 15-25years, or more, before South African society becomes influenced by literate young people entering the workplace.The research is clear. Children need repeated exposure to high quality, well-structured literacy instruction in order to learn to read. At the core of the education crisis in South Africa is poor literacy instruction and the challenge of introducing young readers to reading in their home language first, before reading in another language for teaching and learning. The language debate in South Africa is understandably complex. Sadly, many languages are marginalized despite concerted policy efforts to ensure that African languages permeate our national curriculum. There are insufficient resources available, that being teachers, schools or materials, to afford every child the opportunity to master reading in their home language, or any other.
Afrikaans: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.eduapp4syria.feedthemonsterAfrikaans
Drastic times call for urgent measures. In 2017, Bellavista S.H.A.R.E., a division of Bellavista School, put its hand up to make a difference sooner than that. It is time to introduce technology, not just textbooks on tablets, to learners in the educational system, and get South Africans literate,
in more than one language – now. Being a school that intervenes for reading difficulty, the insight into effective reading intervention exists within its members and associated colleagues internationally. Bellavista set out in pursuit of a scalable, evidence based technology solution that it could develop and share with South Africans rapidly. The desired innovation needed to be accessible across socio-economic barriers, trustworthy and inclusive of all the languages in the country. All eleven languages were to be regarded as equally deserving of development,
not only to preserve their heritage, but to ensure that no one gets left behind. These objectives were realized in Feed the Monster.
Feed the Monster is a joint venture of Apps Factory,
GET – The Center for Educational Technology, and IRC – The International Rescue Committee. This award winning app was funded by the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the software declared open source following its pilot efficacy in Syrian refugee camps.
Bellavista found support from the MTN Foundation, and a tech partner in Curious Learning, Boston USA, and localised Feed the Monster to SA English, IsiXhosa, Tshivenda, IsiZulu, Sepedi, Sesotho, Xitsonga, SiSwati, Afrikaans, IsiNdebele and Setswana. Swahili is already developed too, to support the many Swahili speakers in the region. By deploying accessible cellular technology, a solid, research based and award winning literacy application, Feed the Monster, presented in an instructional and gamification format, can be delivered directly to the learners and get them literate. Readers aged between ages six and eight can access reading instruction via a designed curriculum that can take them to an early Grade Two level on a CAPS measurement, matching letters with sounds, and learning that sounds together make words, then words together make sentences that carry meaning. The app addresses the foundation of all reading. Feed the Monster bridges the gap between literacy skills and fluent reading.
In essence, technology helps make learning the fundamentals of reading more meaningful and fun, this reaching a wider community. Technology is not a pedagogy or even a teacher, it is an enhancer to get South African children literate – now.
This project will ‘scale up’ literacy impact by localizing and distributing this app so that many children can begin their journey of learning to read.
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Roundabouts on Holman Highway 68 and elsewhere — including how to navigate them
The video below, showing people with bikes traveling through a roundabout, may at first appear to you—as it did to me, before enlarging it—to be an example of “do as I say, not as I do.” Watch it once without enlarging, then read my remarks below the video.
The video, created by the Minnesota Department of Transportation, was shared by the Transportation Agency for Monterey County on the following TAMC web page: http://www.tamcmonterey.org/programs/roundabout-projects/videos/.
TAMC’s website also provides this page— http://www.tamcmonterey.org/programs/roundabout-projects/for-bikes-pedestrians/—which advises:
If riding a bike in a roundabout, ride “in the center of the lane to avoid being cut-off by other vehicles.”
Bicycling Monterey checked with TAMC on 8/11/17 as to whether it is planned to have “Bikes may use full lane” signs on the Holman Highway 68 roundabout (as a helpful reminder to people who drive, or bike). There was uncertainty today about the possibility of such signage; check back later for an update.
Remarks regarding the video:
Its text (at :05) correctly states that people on bikes may choose to ride their bicycles through the roundabout with traffic, or walk their bicycles through the pedestrian crosswalk.
A scene at :24 may appear to incorrectly demonstrate doing exactly the opposite.
That misperception is partly because the video shows a person walking a bicycle going about the same speed as a person riding a bicycle.
What my eyes, at first, mistakenly perceived was two people riding their bicycles—not dismounting and walking their bicycles—through the pedestrian crosswalks.
However, after blowing it up for a closer look, I could see what I’d missed in the upper-right of the screen at :20. There was only one person with a bicycle, not two people on bikes, and that person had dismounted. The person was walking, not riding, a bicycle down the grey path; then walked it through both crosswalks, pausing at the second; then continued to walk the bicycle when back on the grey path.
If your device allows, zoom in for a closer look. Thanks to Geoff Arnold for helpfully pointing out the need for enlargement.
(For more about crosswalks, and sidewalks, see Bicycling Monterey’s http://bit.ly/SidewalkBike.)
The info directly below was previously published July 15, 2017, with a few updates through August 8, 2017.
Archived below it is some additional info on roundabouts that was previously published in May 2016.
On July 15, 2017, Australian visitor Carey Beebe, highly experienced in biking public roadways throughout the world, tweeted a helpful reminder after biking the Holman Highway 68 roundabout: exercise extreme caution on until drivers learn how to legally and safely get about on roundabouts.
Although 2017 is his first year biking that roundabout (it is new this year), since 1999 Carey has biked to Carmel Bach Festival venues annually. A world-renowned harpsichord maker, he tends to instruments of the Bach Fest. Carey told Bicycling Monterey, “The bike is much quicker, convenient, and much more fun for me than a car.” See “Bike to Bach, as Carey Beebe does” to learn more.
On July 25, 2017, Carly Mayberry similarly reported in the Monterey County Herald, “Transportation Agency for Monterey County provides Rules 101 for roundabout driving,” that motorists don’t always know what to do in roundabouts. For example, “unlike motorists driving on a straight road who pull to the right when they hear a siren, drivers making their way through a roundabout should continue to move through it, exit and then safely move over to allow the emergency vehicle to pass.”
Help get the word out.
Share Roundabout Driving Tips,
such as those on the Transportation Agency for Monterey County website.
Tip of the helmet to volunteer Geoff Arnold, a League of American Bicyclists LCI and a member of the Central Coast YMCA board of directors, for assisting Ariana Green of TAMC and others in teaching YMCA of the Monterey Peninsula summer camp kids how to navigate roundabouts. The children had a fun exercise on 7/28/17, and a video was made by the City of Monterey and Transportation Agency for Monterey County.
Although the children featured are many years from being an age to drive roundabouts themselves, they had a memorable experience about traffic safety. And chances are they’ll even be able to teach their parents and others a thing or two about roundabouts. Although the video’s emphasis is on motor vehicles— and all the large figures provided by Ecology Action of Santa Cruz were motor vehicles—notice that there is a bike on one of the necklace signs, at 1:44. The video makers didn’t forget that bikes share roundabouts too!
Wondering how to drive a roundabout? These YMCA campers have it down! More info at: https://t.co/jVegxYO87b… https://t.co/HwROvXogdE
— TAMC (@TAMC_News) August 8, 2017
The information below was previously published in 2016 with some subsequent updates.
Roundabouts help reduce traffic congestion, thereby reducing carbon emissions, travel time, stress levels, road rage, traffic collisions, and other negatives.
Although the Holman Highway / Highway 68 Roundabout can be expected to improve traffic conditions, during its construction traffic will be challenging, of course. Even if you don’t bike regularly, during that roundabout construction and at other peak traffic times, consider biking even partway to your destination; see bike-and-ride tips. Transportation Agency for Monterey County reports that the roundabout construction will pick up after August 21, 2016.
“If you’re driving during the peak morning hours and peak afternoon hours, it is definitely faster to use your bike, and probably walking, too,” Andrea Renny of the City of Monterey’s traffic and engineering department told KSBW in this 5/10/16 KSBW story about bike-to-work week, the Holman Highway /Highway 68 roundabout construction, and summer traffic.
Information below was previously published May 9, 2016. Scroll toward the end of this post to learn more about roundabouts.
Transportation Agency for Monterey County (TAMC) is hosting
free presentations and community forums on roundabouts:
For any updates or changes, check with TAMC.
May 11, 2016 at 6 p.m. at Monterey Peninsula College Lecture Forum 103.
May 16, 6 p.m. at Pacific Grove Community Center.
May 17, 6 p.m. at Carmel Council Chambers.
May 23, 6 p.m. at Unitarian Universalist Church Sanctuary, 490 Aguajito Road, Carmel.
Learn what the difference is between a roundabout and a traffic circle. Hear what factors engineers consider when evaluating whether or not a roundabout is right for a particular intersection.
Never biked or driven through a roundabout? A video presentation will show it’s easy!
Also provided will be information about the upcoming Holman Highway 68 Roundabout construction project. Follow that link to learn more on the TAMC website, including about:
Project History and Background Resources
Environmental Impacts Comparison
Roundabout Design
Roundabout Signs and Navigation
Questions? Contact Ariana Green at ariana@tamcmonterey.org or call 831-775-4403.
Back on July 6, 2010, I was one of the speakers at a Sustainable Pacific Grove meeting where another speaker that evening, Sean Houck, shared info about roundabouts. I learned a lot about their impact on carbon emissions and more.
Since then, I’ve biked and driven roundabouts in Santa Cruz and Monterey counties and love them!
Here are some resources on roundabouts shared with Bicycling Monterey by Seaside resident and a consulting traffic engineer, Bob Shanteau:
Background: http://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/info-2014/livability-factsheet-modern-roundabouts.html
Fact sheet: http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/livable-communities/documents-2014/Livability%20Fact%20Sheets/AARPLivabilityFactSheet-Modern-Roundabouts-33116.pdf
Poster below was provided about the May 11 event, one of four scheduled by TAMC for May 2016 (see other dates above).
This post was previously published May 9, 2016 and has been partially updated.
This post was published on 11 August 2017. One or more changes last made to this post on 1 November 2017.
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Home > Journals > Canadian Journal of Plant Science > Volume 93 > Issue 2
Canadian Journal of Plant Science
VOL. 93 · NO. 2 | March 2013
PLANT PATHOLOGY (3)
WEED SCIENCE (2)
CULTIVAR DESCRIPTIONS (9)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF OUTSTANDING REVIEWERS AND ASSOCIATE EDITORS (1)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS (1)
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VIEW ALL ABSTRACTS +
Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta
R. E. Karamanos, F. C. Stevenson
93(2), 151-160, (1 March 2013)https://doi.org/10.1139/CJPS2012-150
KEYWORDS: Bromus beibersteinii, Bromus inermis, Medicago sativa, urea, Ammonium nitrate, urease inhibitor, N timing, Bromus beibersteinii, Bromus inermis, Medicago sativa, urée, nitrate d'ammonium, inhibiteur de l'uréase, moment de l'application des engrais N
Karamanos, R. E. and Stevenson, F. C. 2013. Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 151-160. Four different N sources [ammonium nitrate (NIT), urea (UR), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide-treated urea (AGR)] were applied to stands of pure meadow bromegrass (Bromus beibersteinii L.) or a 50:50 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.)-alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture in late fall and early spring at four N rates (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1) over a 3-yr (2003-2005) period. The N treatments generally increased forage responses, but the response net revenue to N treatment was rarely positive and at times was negative, especially for PCU. On average, PCU resulted in lower yield and protein concentration, lesser N efficiency, and lesser profit relative to other forms of N. This difference was more pronounced in the spring and was less notable at Rycroft, the location with the bromegrass-alfalfa mixture. Also, greater N fertilizer rates increased the yield, protein concentration, total N uptake, and profit for all fertilizer forms. The exceptions to the preceding were N fertilizer rate did not affect forage responses for PCU and at the location with the brome-alfalfa mixture. Urea or AGR provided satisfactory agronomic alternatives to ammonium nitrate when applied in early spring at sufficient rates.
Does Festuca hallii (Vasey) Piper produce and display more leaves on tillers after defoliation?
J. T. Romo
KEYWORDS: Determinate growth, Fescue Prairie, grazing management, meristematic limitations, phyllochron, regrowth, Croissance définie, fétuque des prés, gestion de la paissance, limites du méristème, phyllochrone, repousse
Romo, J. T. 2013. DoesFestuca hallii(Vasey) Piper produce and display more leaves on tillers after defoliation? Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 161-164. Leaves per tiller produced and displayed following June, July, or August defoliation was determined for Festuca hallii. Two to three leaves per tiller were produced and displayed annually, and leaves per tiller did not vary among defoliation treatments. June defoliation reduced green leaves per tiller; leaf senescence increased after June and July defoliation.
OPR3 is expressed in phloem cells and is vital for lateral root development in Arabidopsis
Shuaizhang Li, Jiajia Ma, Pei Liu
KEYWORDS: Jasmonate, OPR3, GUS, lateral roots, Jasmonate, OPR3, GUS, promoteur, racines latérales
Li, S., Ma, J. and Liu, P. 2013. OPR3is expressed in phloem cells and is vital for lateral root development inArabidopsis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 165-170. Jasmonates, a group of oxylipin phytohormones in angiosperms, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development and in responding to environmental stimuli. AtOPR3, a 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) reductase in Arabidopsis thaliana, has been proven to be vital in catalyzing jasmonate biosynthesis. Here, the temporal and spatial expression of AtOPR3 was investigated by promoter-GUS fusion in A. thaliana. In pOPR3::GUS transgenic plants, the GUS activity was detected in roots, leaves and all floral organs, and was highly induced by MeJA treatment. In addition, the GUS activity was principally detected in the phloem cells of the leaf veins. The sequence of the OPR3 promoter region was predicted to have 49 potential binding sites for transcription factors including the well-known Myc-like basic helix-loop-helix, GATA, MADS, MYB-like and Homeobox proteins. In consistent with an expression of OPR3 in lateral roots, there are more lateral roots in the opr3 mutant plants, in which OPR3 expression is knocking-out. In addition, the involvement of auxin biosynthesis in JA-regulated lateral root development is implied by our observation that the transcripts of ASA1, a gene involved in auxin biosynthesis, are decreased in opr3 plants.
Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships based on RAPD and AFLP analyses in Miscanthus genera landraces
Y. Qin, M. A. Kabir, H. W. Wang, Y. H. Lee, S. H. Hong, J. Y. Kim, M. J. Yook, D. S. Kim, C. S. Kim, H. Kwon, W. Kim
KEYWORDS: cluster analysis, genetic variation, molecular markers, Miscanthus, principal coordinates, un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, Analyse par grappes, variation génétique, marqueurs moléculaires, Miscanthus, PCO, UPGMA
Qin, Y., Kabir, M. A., Wang, H. W., Lee, Y. H., Hong, S. H., Kim, J. Y., Yook, M. J., Kim, D. S., Kim, C. S., Kwon, H. and Kim, W. 2013. Assessment of genetic diversity and relationships based on RAPD and AFLP analyses inMiscanthusgenera landraces. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 171-182. In this study, molecular markers, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) as well as combined RAPD and AFLP analysis were used to assess genetic diversity in a reference set of 38 Miscanthus accessions of which 32 were collected from South Korea and 6 from foreign countries. Using 30 selected RAPD primers, 197 amplified products were generated with an average of 6.6 bands, of which 135 bands were polymorphic (68.6%). A total of 1150 bands were detected by four-primer AFLP combinations with an average of 287.5 bands, out of which 923 bands were polymorphic (80.3%) across all the accessions. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated that a high proportion of the genetic variation (56% for RAPD and 58% for AFLP) was found among the Miscanthus species in South Korea. Genetic relationship was estimated using the Jaccard's coefficient values between different accessions, ranging from 0.23 to 0.93 in RAPD and 0.34 to 0.94 in AFLP. The un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis demonstrated less difference between RAPD and AFLP when alternative similarity coefficient was applied. The principal coordinates (PCO) analysis also revealed the significant geographic structure in the tested accessions. Among the accessions, SNU-M-040, 074 and 157 were highly divergent. Pattern of isolation by distance was observed in Miscanthus accessions, indicating that significant genetic differentiation among accessions might be due to the geographic distance.
Apple SSRs present in coding and noncoding regions of expressed sequence tags show differences in transferability to other fruit species in Rosaceae
Ying Zhou, Jing Li, Schuyler S. Korban, Yuepeng Han
KEYWORDS: Rosaceae, microsatellite markers, simple sequence repeats, transferability, Rosacées, microsatellites, marqueurs SSR, transférabilité
Zhou, Y., Li, J., Korban, S. S. and Han, Y. 2013. Apple SSRs present in coding and noncoding regions of expressed sequence tags show differences in transferability to other fruit species in Rosaceae. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 183-190. Simple sequence repeat markers derived from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) are referred to as eSSRs. To develop molecular markers for non-model plants in Rosaceae, we investigated the transferability of apple eSSRs across seven fruit trees, belonging to four genera and 11 species of the Rosaceae family, including peach, quince, pear, loquat, apricot, cherry, and plum. Of the 98 apple eSSRs tested, 86 successfully amplified PCR products in at least one of the fruit tree species. Five apple eSSRs produced amplicons in more than five fruit tree species, and were deemed as a widely transferable Rosaceae marker set. Frequency of transferability of apple eSSRs across all seven fruit trees of Rosaceae varied widely among genera and species, with an average transferability of 29.0%. Overall, apple eSSRs transferred more easily to peach and pear than to plum and loquat. Interestingly, apple eSSRs present in coding sequences (CDS) showed higher levels of transferability to other fruit trees than those present in noncoding or untranslated regions (UTRs). Interestingly, apple eSSRs present in 5'UTRs showed lower frequencies of transfer than those present in 3'UTRs. The latter finding suggested that 5'UTRs might have diverged more rapidly than 3'UTRs in Rosaceae.
Freezing injuries to flower buds and their influence on yield of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and peach (Prunus persica L.)
Marek Szymajda, Kris Pruski, Edward Żurawicz, Mirosław Sitarek
KEYWORDS: Peach/apricot breeding, winter injury, Flowering, selection environment, breeding clones, Amélioration des pêchers/abricotiers, dommages hivernaux, floraison, conditions de sélection, clones d'hybridation
Szymajda M., Pruski, K., Zurawicz, E. and Sitarek, M. 2013. Freezing injuries to flower buds and their influence on yield of apricot (Prunus armeniacaL.) and peach (Prunus persicaL.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 191-198. Each spring, for 3 consecutive years, 2009-2011, the degree of freezing injury to overwintering flower buds of selected cultivars and clones of apricot and peach was evaluated at the Dabrowice Research Institute of the Horticulture E$xperimental Orchard (District of Skierniewice, Poland). Apricot flower buds were damaged less severely than those of peach during the winter of 2009/2010 when the lowest temperatures (maximum drop in temperature) coincided with the full dormancy stage of the trees. Conversely, peach flower buds were less damaged than buds of apricot when the maximum drop in temperature occurred after the late winter thaw in both 2008/2009 and 2010/2011. Under Polish climatic conditions, peach proved to be more reliable than apricot in consistency to produce fruit. Results have shown that the most hardy apricot and peach cultivars can develop very strong winter hardiness allowing the trees to survive temperatures as low as -28°C, as long as there are no severe temperature fluctuations during late winter.
Antimicrobial peptides expressed in wheat reduce susceptibility to Fusarium head blight and powdery mildew
Ana Badea, François Eudes, Andre Laroche, Rob Graf, Ketan Doshi, Eric Amundsen, Denise Nilsson, Byron Puchalski
KEYWORDS: antimicrobial peptide, Fusarium head blight, disease resistance, tissue-specific, AMP, FHB, résistance à la maladie, spécifique aux tissus
Badea, A., Eudes, F., Laroche, A., Graf, R., Doshi, K., Amundsen, E., Nilsson, D. and Puchalski, B. 2013. Antimicrobial peptides expressed in wheat reduce susceptibility toFusariumhead blight and powdery mildew. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 199-208. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a broad spectrum of action against bacteria, fungi and viruses, which makes them attractive for building plant defense against a diversity of pathogens. Peptides MsrA2 and 10R were cloned in three genetic constructs for tissue-specific expressions in wheat, using either Lem1, GstA1WIR1a, or Ltp6 and LTP6 signal peptide targeting the lemma/palea, leaves and spikes, epicarp and endomembrane system, respectively. The minimal cassettes for these three genetic constructs and for Pat marker construct were co-delivered in immature wheat scutella using biolistics, and green plantlets were regenerated in presence of 5 mg L-1 glufosinate. Molecular screening confirmed one regenerated plant carried and expressed all transgenes (AMP ): one copy of 10R driven by Ltp6 promoter, one copy of msrA2 driven by GstA1Wir1a and two copies of msrA2 driven by Lem1. Its offspring and T3 generation were challenged with Fusarium graminearum and Blumeria graminis in a contained environment. A reduction of 50% in Fusarium head blight susceptibility was observed in T1, and was inherited through T3 generation. The latter, also presented a 53% reduction in Fusarium damaged kernels and 62% reduction in deoxynivalenol accumulation compared with wild cv. Fielder and sister lines AMP-. MsrA2 and 10R producing T3 lines showed an average significant reduction of 59% in powdery mildew susceptibility compared with cv. Fielder. Synthetic MsrA2 and 10R peptides were effective as in vivo antifungal peptides in wheat. The expression of antimicrobial peptides in plant cells or tissues may have great potential to limit pathogen infection or growth protecting wheat against a diversity of fungal diseases.
Multivariate analysis of stripe rust assessment and reactions of barley in multi-location nurseries
K. Xi, X. M. Chen, F. Capettini, E. Falconi, R. C. Yang, J. H. Helm, M. D. Holtz, P. Juskiw, K. Kumar, J. Nyachiro, T. K. Turkington
KEYWORDS: Stripe rust of barley, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, screening barley stripe rust, rouille jaune de l'orge, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, présélection pour la résistance à la rouille jaune de l'orge
Xi, K., Chen, X. M., Capettini, F., Falconi, E., Yang, R. C., Helm, J. H., Holtz, M. D., Juskiw, P., Kumar, K., Nyachiro, J. and Turkington, T. K. 2013. Multivariate analysis of stripe rust assessment and reactions of barley in multi-location nurseries. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 209-219. A total of 1357 entries, mainly consisting of hulled two-row, hulled six-row and hulless barley, were evaluated in stripe rust nurseries at Toluca, Mexico during 2007, Quito, Ecuador during 2007 and 2008, and Pullman and Mt. Vernon, USA [Pacific Northwest (PNW)] during 2007-2009. Disease screening data for barley stripe rust resistance at multiple locations and seasons were analyzed using factor analysis (FA), principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Factor analysis led to the removal of a number of disease assessment variables that had inadequate disease levels or an unsuitable rating scale. The PCA scores revealed that the two-row types of barley were generally more resistant than the six-row and hulless types. ANOVA indicated that the effect of seasonal influence on screening was small, while stripe rust susceptible and resistant barley types were differentiated significantly on mean values averaged on infection type (IT) and percentage diseased leaf area (disease severity, DS) during the 3-yr tests in multiple screening nurseries. The significant correlations in disease assessments between IT and DS suggest that either assessment can be used to replace the other without a significant loss of information regarding barley stripe rust reactions. The first principal component is a useful criterion for assessing stripe rust reactions in barley lines.
Prevalence, pathogenicity and cultivar resistance of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species causing soybean root rot
J. X. Zhang, A. G. Xue, E. R. Cober, M. J. Morrison, H. J. Zhang, S. Z. Zhang, E. Gregorich
KEYWORDS: cultivar resistance, Fusarium species, pathogenicity, Rhizoctonia solani, soybean root rot, tillage, Résistance des cultivars, espèces de Fusarium, pathogénicité, Rhizoctonia solani, piétin du soja, travail du sol
Zhang, J. X., Xue, A. G., Cober, E. R., Morrison, M. J., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, S. Z. and Gregorich, E. 2013. Prevalence, pathogenicity and cultivar resistance ofFusariumandRhizoctoniaspecies causing soybean root rot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 221-236. Root rot complex, caused by Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species, is a major soybean disease in Canada. We isolated nine Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species including F. oxysporum (Fo), F. graminearum (Fg), F. solani (Fs), F. avenaceum (Fa), F. tricinctum (Ft), F. sporotrichioides (Fsp), F. equiseti (Fe), F. poae (Fp), and R. solani (Rs) from soybean roots in eastern Ontario, Canada. The isolation results indicated that Fo was the most prevalent species while Fa, Fsp, and Fp were the least frequent species in the soybean rhizosphere. Numbers of Fo, Fs, Fg, and Rs isolates recovered from adult plant roots were significantly greater than those from seedling roots (P<0.01). The Rs, Fg and Fsp isolates were significantly more abundant in the no-till field than in the tilled field (P<0.01). Based on the greenhouse assays, Rs, Fg, and Fa were the most pathogenic species, while Fe and Fsp were the least pathogenic to soybean. The field resistance evaluation, based on the root rot severity, identified 21, 17, 30, and 3 out of 70 cultivars among the most tolerant to Fg, Fo, Fs, and Rs, respectively. A few of the cultivars showed partial resistance to multiple species, based on root rot severity and reduction in their seedling emergence, plant height, and root dry weight, but no cultivar was found to partially resist all four species. There was no correlation (P>0.05) between root rot severity and the reduction in seedling emergence, plant height, or root dry weight.
WEED SCIENCE
Fenclorim effects on rice germination and yield
Yong Chen, Xuefeng Shen, Yue Fang
KEYWORDS: biosafety, fenclorim, pretilachlor, rice, weedy rice, biosécurité, fenclorim, pretilachlor, riz, riz envahissant
Chen, Y., Shen, X. and Fang, Y. 2013. Fenclorim effects on rice germination and yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 237-241. Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is a serious problem in rice-producing areas. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the safener fenclorim on rice seed germination and yield when used in conjunction with the pre-emergent herbicide pretilachlor in the growth chamber and in the field. Rice seed germination was accelerated by soaking seeds in fenclorim (0.67 g L-1), and pretilachlor (0, 450, 900, 1800, 3600 and 7200 g a.i. ha-1) was applied 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after sowing in a growth chamber. Seeds were also soaked in fenclorim, and then pretilachlor was sprayed (0, 450 and 900 g a.i. ha-1) 1 h after sowing in the field. The percentage of seedling germination for cultured rice was significantly increased by soaking in fenclorim prior to application of the pre-emergence herbicide pretilachlor compared with the control in the growth chamber. The application of the safener fenclorim increased rice yield by 56% and 50% in treatments with 450 and 900 g a.i. hm-2 pre-emergence pretilachlor, respectively, and the weed population, height, and dry matter production were significantly reduced by pretilachlor application.
Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina)
Phillip B. Davis, Bruce Maxwell, Fabian D. Menalled
KEYWORDS: Crop-weed competition, replacement series, Biofuels, Bromus tectorum, canola, Concurrence culture-adventice, séquences de remplacement, biocarburants, Bromus tectorum, canola
Davis, P. B., Maxwell, B. and Menalled, F. D. 2013. Impact of growing conditions on the competitive ability of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (Camelina). Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 243-247. It has been claimed that Camelina sativa, a recently introduced crop in the northern Great Plains, is a highly competitive species. However, this issue has not been formally tested. Utilizing replacement series diagrams, we assessed the importance of growing conditions in the competitive ability of C. sativa. Results indicated that canola and Bromus tectorum were superior competitors in both loam and sandy soils, thus providing evidence that C. sativa may not be as competitive as previously indicated.
Impact of land classification on potential warm season grass biomass production in Ontario, Canada
Hilla Kludze, Bill Deen, Alfons Weersink, Rene van Acker, Ken Janovicek, Aaron De Laporte
KEYWORDS: switchgrass, Miscanthus, land capability, prime lands, marginal lands, break-even price, panic raide, Miscanthus, capacité des terres, terrains de premier ordre, terres marginales, prix de vente au seuil de rentabilité
Kludze, H., Deen, B., Weersink, A., van Acker, R., Janovicek, K. and De Laporte, A. 2013. Impact of land classification on potential warm season grass biomass production in Ontario, Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 249-260. This paper examines the land base of southern Ontario to determine the capability of land classes for growing two warm-season grasses, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus spp.), and discusses implications of a provincial biomass industry strictly based on biomass grown on marginal lands. The development of a biomass energy industry is a priority for many regional governments in Canada as a means to reduce fossil fuel use and improve environmental quality. Biomass productivity of the two crops was determined by assuming percentages of arable land area by quality that could be allocated to them: biomass productivity on “prime lands” was assumed to be higher than those of “marginal lands”. Our analysis indicates that Ontario has an adequate land base for producing miscanthus and/or switchgrass biomass to meet and surpass diverse competitive uses without significantly affecting food crop supply. Locations of marginal lands are scattered in the province and the feasibility of establishing a provincial biomass industry strictly based on biomass grown on these lands may not be economically sound or practical. A relatively small percentage of prime lands is required to achieve substantial biomass production with lower costs of production, and perhaps greater environmental benefit.
Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada
R. B. Irvine, G. P. Lafond, W. May, H. R. Kutcher, G. W. Clayton, K. N. Harker, T. K. Turkington, B. L. Beres
KEYWORDS: winter wheat, Cereals, crop rotation, sustainability, blé d'hiver, céréales, assolement, durabilité
Irvine, B. R., Lafond, G. P., May, W., Kutcher, H. R., Clayton, G. W., Harker, K. N., Turkington, T. K. and Beres, B. L. 2013. Stubble options for winter wheat in the Black soil zone of western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 261-270. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production has yet to reach its full potential in the Canadian prairies. Alternative stubble types are needed to help overcome the challenge of timely planting of winter wheat in late-maturing canola (Brassica napus L.) fields. A study was conducted in the prairie provinces of Canada to determine ideal stubble types for winter wheat and select spring cereals grown in the Black soil zone. Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), canola, pea (Pisum sativum L.), barley grain or silage (Hordeum vulgare L.), and oat (Avena sativa L.) stubbles were established at four locations in western Canada. A new study area was established at each location for 3 yr. In the year following establishment, winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, barley, and oats were grown on each stubble type at each study area. Winter wheat and spring cereal crops often yielded best and had greater grain protein concentration on barley silage, pea, and canola stubbles relative to other stubble types. The yield and grain protein concentration of spring cereals was best when grown on pea stubble. Winter wheat production attributes varied most among site by crop combinations, and further investigation indicated the source of this variability may be from winter wheat plantings on canola and pea stubble. Among the optimal stubbles, less variable results were observed when winter wheat was grown on barley silage stubble, suggesting proper crop residue management would reduce the variability observed in canola and pea stubble. Our results suggest stubble alternatives to canola are available for winter wheat plantings in western Canada.
Application of seed-row potash to spring wheat grown on soils with high available potassium levels
Rigas Karamanos, Norm A. Flore, John T. Harapiak
KEYWORDS: cultivar, yield, days to maturity, cultivar, rendement, jours avant maturité
Karamanos, R., Flore, N. A. and Harapiak, J. T. 2013. Application of seed-row potash to spring wheat grown on soils with high available potassium levels. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 271-277. Two experiments were conducted at numerous locations across western Canada from 1990 to 1994 to ascertain the response of hard red spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to seed-row applied K fertilizers. Soil test K levels at all sites (location×year combinations) exceeded the critical level for western Canada of 125 mg NH4OAc-extractable K kg-1, the concentration below which the probability of a K deficiency is high. In the first experiment, days to maturity and yield for wheat were statistically similar whether or not KCl was applied in the seed row. When the cultivar Roblin was grown significant (P<0.05) yield reductions as a result of seedrow placing low rates of potassium fertilizers were obtained. The second experiment showed that maturity and yield did not respond to treatments including KCl, K2SO4, or CaCl2 fertilizer applied in seed row. Furthermore, spring wheat responses for any of the preceding treatments were not different relative to the control (no K fertilizer applied). These findings bring into question the benefit of seed-row K fertilizer application to hard red spring (CWRS) wheat production on K-sufficient soils in western Canada.
Response of chickpea cultivars to pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications
B. Taran, F. Holm, S. Banniza
KEYWORDS: Chickpea, herbicides, cultivar response, Crop injury, Pois chiche, herbicides, réaction des cultivars, dommages aux cultures
Taran, B., Holm, F. and Banniza, S. 2013. Response of chickpea cultivars to pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 279-286. Weed control is one of the major constraints of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) production in western Canada. There are no highly selective herbicides registered for broadleaf weed control in this crop in western Canada, consequently herbicide injury to the crop is an issue in many situations. Experiments were conducted at Saskatoon and Elrose, SK, to examine the effects of herbicide treatments on ascochyta blight severity, days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and yield of several chickpea cultivars. Results in 2008 and 2009 showed that sulfentrazone was the safest option evaluated for broadleaf weed control in chickpea. The results also showed that although a pre-emergence application of low-rate imazethapyr caused minor levels of injury to the plants and slightly increased ascochyta blight severity, it had only minor effects on plant development and yield compared with sulfentrazone. In contrast, post-emergence applications of imazethapyr, imazamox and metribuzin increased ascochyta blight severity significantly, delayed flowering and maturity and reduced yield. The extent of the effects of pre- and post-emergence herbicide applications varied with cultivars.
Yield of spring wheat and field pea seeded into standing and cultivated canola stubble on the semiarid Canadian prairie
Herb Cutforth
KEYWORDS: Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L), field pea (Pisum sativum L), canola (Brassica napus L.) stubble, no-till, grain yield, crop water use, Blé de printemps (Triticum aestivum L), pois de grande culture (Pisum sativum L), chaume de canola (Brassica napus L.), non-travail du sol, rendement grainier, utilisation de l'eau par les cultures
Cutforth, H. 2013. Yield of spring wheat and field pea seeded into standing and cultivated canola stubble on the semiarid Canadian prairie. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 287-289. Previous research in the semiarid prairie showed that crop yields increased as the height of standing cereal stubble increased to ≥45 cm. A 3-yr (2008-2010) study was conducted at Swift Current, SK, to determine how seeding field pea and spring wheat into cultivated and tall (≥45 cm high) canola stubble affected crop yield. Similar to cereal stubble, crop yield and water use efficiency were significantly greater for crops grown in the tall standing canola stubble compared to the cultivated stubble. Water use by each crop was independent of stubble management.
CULTIVAR DESCRIPTIONS
Major barley
W. G. Legge, J. R. Tucker, T. G. Fetch, S. Haber, J. G. Menzies, J. S. Noll, A. Tekauz, T. K. Turkington, M. E. Savard
KEYWORDS: Malting barley, Hordeum vulgare L., Cultivar description, agronomic traits, disease resistance, malting quality, Orge brassicole, Hordeum vulgare L., description de cultivar, paramètres agronomiques, résistance à la maladie, qualité brassicole
Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Fetch, Jr., T. G., Haber, S., Menzies, J. G., Noll, J. S., Tekauz, A., Turkington, T. K. and Savard, M. E. 2013. Major barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 291-297. Major is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar widely adapted to western Canada. Developed from the cross Rivers/Newdale made in 1999, Major was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test (2006-2007) and the Collaborative Malting Barley Trials (2007-2008) conducted by the malting and brewing industry before being registered in 2009. Major has an excellent combination of agronomic traits and disease resistance with malting quality similar to AC Metcalfe, a cultivar widely used commercially by the malting and brewing industry in domestic and export markets.
Shaw hard red spring wheat
S. L. Fox, I. L. Wise, M. A. H. Smith, D. G. Humphreys, P. D. Brown, B. D. McCallum, T. G. Fetch, J. G. Menzies, J. A. Gilbert, M. R. Fernandez, T. Despins, O. Lukow, D. Niziol
KEYWORDS: Triticum aestivum L., Cultivar description, red spring wheat, test weight, preharvest sprouting, wheat midge antibiosis resistance, Triticum aestivum L., description de cultivar, blé roux de printemps, poids spécifique, germination sur pied, résistance antibiotique à la cécidomyie
Fox, S. L., Wise, I. L., Smith, M. A. H., Humphreys, D. G., Brown, P. D., McCallum, B. D., Fetch, T. G., Menzies, J. G., Gilbert, J. A., Fernandez, M. R., Despins, T., Lukow, O. and Niziol, D. 2013. Shaw hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 299-305. Shaw is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. Shaw contains the antibiosis resistance gene Sm1, which is effective against the wheat midge larvae (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Shaw is derived from the cross Harvest/BW313. Shaw was found to be adapted to the eastern wheat growing regions of the Canadian prairies as represented in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) Registration Test in 2006, 2007 and 2008. For registration testing, the performance of Shaw was estimated using a varietal blend called BW394 which consisted of 90% Shaw and 10% BA51*C222 (a midge-susceptible sibling of Shaw). In this report, Shaw VB refers to BW394. In comparison to the check cultivars (Katepwa, McKenzie, CDC Teal, Unity VB, and 5603HR), Shaw was the highest yielding cultivar overall; although not significant, Shaw was 1% higher yielding than Unity VB. Shaw matured significantly earlier than 5603HR. The plant stature of Shaw was significantly taller than all of the checks except Katepwa, but had similar lodging resistance scores as the checks. The test weight of Shaw was significantly higher than Katepwa and CDC Teal and within the range of the other checks. Shaw expressed resistance to leaf rust, stem rust and common bunt; susceptibility to fusarium head blight and to loose smut. Shaw had preharvest sprouting resistance with an overall sprouting score similar to the best checks McKenzie, Unity VB and 5603HR. The end-use suitability attributes of Shaw were within the range of the checks for all traits except for having significantly larger seeds.
Cardale hard red spring wheat
S. L. Fox, D. G. Humphreys, P. D. Brown, B. D. McCallum, T. G. Fetch, J. G. Menzies, J. A. Gilbert, M. R. Fernandez, T. Despins, D. Niziol
KEYWORDS: Triticum aestivum L., Cultivar description, red spring wheat, fusarium head blight resistance, short stature, Triticum aestivum L., description de cultivar, blé roux vitreux de printemps, résistance à la brûlure de l'épi par Fusarium, paille courte
Fox, S. L., Humphreys, D. G., Brown, P. D., McCallum, B. D., Fetch, T. G., Menzies, J. G., Gilbert, J. A., Fernandez, M. R., Despins, T. and Niziol, D. 2013. Cardale hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 307-313. Cardale is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. Cardale is a semi-dwarf statured wheat with moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Cardale is derived from the cross McKenzie/Alsen. Cardale was found to be adapted to the eastern wheat growing regions of the Canadian prairies as represented in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) Registration Test in 2008, 2009 and 2010. In comparison with the check cultivars, Cardale was significantly lower yielding than Unity VB, but overall similar to McKenzie and 5603HR. Cardale matured at the same time as 5603HR, but significantly later (1.5-2.5 d) than the other check cultivars. The plant stature of Cardale was significantly shorter (7-13 cm) than all of the checks, and Cardale had significantly lower lodging scores (0.5-0.7 units) than all of the checks except for CDC Teal. The test weight of Cardale was significantly lower (0.4-0.8 kg hL-1) than that of McKenzie and Unity VB but similar to the other three checks. Cardale expressed resistance to leaf rust and stem rust and moderate resistance to FHB. Disease reactions for common bunt and loose smut were variable but suggested susceptibility and intermediate resistance, respectively. Cardale had preharvest sprouting resistance similar to the best checks McKenzie, Unity VB and 5603HR and significantly better than the poor check CDC Teal in three different determinations. The end-use suitability attributes of Cardale were within the range of the checks except for slightly higher water absorption due to slightly harder kernels (lower particle size index) that led to slightly higher starch damage which occurs during milling.
Vesper hard red spring wheat
J. Thomas, S. Fox, B. McCallum, T. Fetch, J. Gilbert, J. Menzies, I. Wise, M. Smith, T. Despins, D Niziol, G. Humphreys, D. Brown
KEYWORDS: Triticum aestivum L., Cultivar description, disease resistance, insect resistance, lodging, plant height, grain yield, end-use quality, Triticum aestivum L., description de cultivar, résistance à la maladie, résistance aux ravageurs, verse, hauteur du plant, rendement grainier, qualité pourl'utilisation finale
Thomas, J., Fox, S., McCallum, B., Fetch, T., Gilbert, J., Menzies, J., Wise, I., Smith, M., Gaudet, D., Niziol, D., Humphreys, G. and Brown, D. 2013. Vesper hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 315-321. Vesper is a high-yielding, hard red spring wheat that is adapted to the wheat-growing regions of Manitoba and Saskatchewan. In the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Registration Trials of 2007, 2008 and 2009, Vesper out-yielded five check cultivars by an average of 12%, and Unity, which was the highest yielding check, by 4.6%. Lodging, height and maturity scores of Vesper were all intermediate (similar to the check mean). Pre-harvest sprouting resistance of Vesper was equivalent to the poorer checks (Katepwa and CDC Teal). Kernels of Vesper were heavier than all five checks and test weight was high (exceeded only by Unity). Vesper was resistant to leaf rust and was moderately resistant to stem rust and Fusarium head blight. Vesper was intermediately resistant to loose smut and was susceptible to common bunt. Spikes of Vesper showed two forms of resistance to wheat midge: antibiotic resistance (no larvae observed in the field) and antixenotic resistance (reduced egg numbers laid by caged ovipositing females). Over 3 yr of testing, end use quality of Vesper was rated as eligible for the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) market class of wheat. Kernels of Vesper were relatively hard with consequent high water absorption.
CO447 corn inbred line
L. M. Reid, X. Zhu, C. Voloaca, T. Woldemariam, J. Wu
KEYWORDS: corn, maize, Zea mays, Cultivar description, maïs, Zea mays, description de cultivar
Reid, L. M., Zhu, X., Voloaca, C., Woldemariam, T. and Wu, J. 2013. CO447 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 323-326. CO447 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability. This inbred performed well as a parent with both stiff and non-stiff stalk inbreds. Excellent yields were achieved with the iodent inbred MBS8148 and the stiff-stalk inbred TR2040 at many locations.
Reid, L. M., Zhu, X., Voloaca, C., Woldemariam, T. and Wu, J. 2013. CO448 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 327-330. CO448 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability in hybrids. This inbred performed well as a parent with both stiff and non-stiff stalk inbreds, but had consistently excellent performance with B14 type testers like TR2040 and MBS1130.
L. M. Reid, C. Voloaca, T. Woldemariam, J. Wu, X. Zhu
Reid, L. M., Voloaca, C., Woldemariam, T., Wu, J. and Zhu, X. 2013. CO449 corn inbred line. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 331-335. CO449 is a short-season corn (Zea mays L.) inbred line with excellent combining ability and superior resistance to gibberella ear rot as well as intermediate resistance to several other ear, stalk and leaf diseases. Excellent yields and performance data were achieved with stiff stalk inbreds such as MBS1236 and MBS1130.
AAC Peace River field pea
Deng-Jin Bing, Don Beauchesne, Debra McLaren, Cecil Vera, David Gehl
KEYWORDS: Field pea, Pisum sativum L., powdery mildew resistance, Cultivar description, Pois de grande culture, Pisum sativum L., résistance au blanc, description de cultivar
Bing, D. J., Beauchesne, D., McLaren, D., Vera, C. and Gehl, D. 2013. AAC Peace River field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 337-339. AAC Peace River is a semi-leafless, yellow cotyledon field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivar developed at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research Centre, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada. It is an early-maturing cultivar and is resistant to powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe pisi Syd. AAC Peace River is adapted to all field growing regions in western Canada, and is especially suited to regions with short growing seasons.
Jade crab apple
Shahrokh Khanizadeh, Raymond Granger, Claudine Dubé, Yvon Groleau
KEYWORDS: Malus baccata, ornamental tree, breeding, Malus baccata, arbre ornemental, hybridation
Khanizadeh, S., Granger, R., Dubé, C. and Groleau, Y. 2013. Jade crab apple. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 341-342. Jade is a winter-hardy, scab-resistant ornamental apple tree released by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Horticulture Research and Development Centre (HRDC), for Quebec and eastern and central Canada. Its name, ‘Jade’, which is of Spanish origin, is used because of the very shiny light green to yellowish ground colour of the fruits; Jade is named after the first author's daughter.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF OUTSTANDING REVIEWERS AND ASSOCIATE EDITORS
2012 Outstanding Reviewers and Associate Editors
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF REVIEWERS
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Guides & Updates
News : Emotion and disorganization in the Kenyan cross country championships
11 months ago 11 months ago
by admin 11 months ago 11 months ago
Emotion and disorganization in the Kenyan cross country championships
· Kibiwott Kandie steals the wallet from Kamworor, runner-up in the world of cross, in the last straight after an organizational failure
· Sheila Chelangat prevails in the women's category after a solo career
No one had opened the tape. And nobody indicated to Kamworor, leader of the test, that he should go straight to the finish line. It was the last lap; The bell had rung. The current half marathon world record holder was just 300 meters away to win with authority the highest national cross country championship (if we forget Ethiopia). With his foot changed, Kamworor faced himself with the tape when he wanted to pass the lane to his right to enter the finish line. He succeeded, but, visibly stunned in his effort, he continued to the other tape that delimited that lane, also to his right, as if he wanted to leave the circuit, disoriented. The audience shouted at him and helped to redirect him.
Amid the bewilderment and the troubled river, Kibiwott Kandie appeared. The Kenyan Armed Forces rider launched like a rocket down the straight to catch his Kenyan cross country champion title. Behind him, Kamworor looked back to position himself, recomposed himself and made a gesture of resignation as from whom his wallet was stolen as unfairly as stupid.
Kandie, the winner, interviewed by LBDC, experienced it in another way:
Could you tell us what happened on the finish line with Kamworor?
In the last 300 meters it was one of those finals in which you are supposed to have the strength to finish strong. That is the spirit of the competition. I was very prepared to win today.
And what happened to Kamworor? You went second and passed it in the last 300 meters. What happened there?
I had the energy to beat Kamworor in the end because I had energy for it.
So he had no problem in the last meters.
While Kibiwott Kandie celebrated victory in his arms, the audience in corridors commented on the play quietly and wondered whose fault it was. Others like Philip Kibitok, a world-class eight-centista in the 1990s, thought that "perhaps Kibiwott has not seen what happened to Kamworor."
Maybe there could not be a better anecdote to summarize these organizational championships sui generis.
Better without explanations ...
At ten in the morning, while having breakfast after going for a run, I opened twitter. To my surprise, it turns out that the men's under-18 test already had a winner, said Kenya Athletics. According to the competition program provided by Kenya Athletics, the federation and organizer of the event, the start of the event was scheduled for 10:40.
I had had it the day before and after having insisted for three days. Another tweet below said that the under-18 girls were preparing to take the exit, which, according to the program, competed before their peers in the same category. Anyway, I thought. I hurried to take a taxi and wish that the usual works and traffic of Nairobi would allow me to arrive as soon as possible to the Jockey Club, a racecourse with a golf course in the center, the scene of the competition.
I had no luck and a couple of streets cut from this city in constant boiling, delayed my arrival. Anyway, I believed that at least I would arrive to see part of the U-20 tests, and that, of course, I would not miss the two tests of absolute category, scheduled for 1:00 pm and 2:00 pm, respectively. To my surprise, upon entering, the public address informed me that those women who were running were already the senior category. Two hours before the scheduled time? Yes.
The military band enlivened with ‘Despacito’, and I immediately checked the lively atmosphere and the color of the flags for favorite teams like the Police, the Kenyan Armed Forces or the Prison Service team. I wrote to my contact in Kenya Athletics to inform him that he had arrived. “Yes, please let me know when you arrive because my partner wants to talk to you. I think you can't make video, ”he had told me the day before by phone. The two stripes of my whatsapp message still don't know blue.
I laughed to myself and prepared to enjoy the excitement and color of one of the best field trials across the world... without trying to explain to me the deep mysteries of Kenyan athletic faith.
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Taylor Swift’s ‘folklore: the long pond studio sessions’ Is Just a Bit Too Beige: Review
This article was originally published on The Indiependent.
I’ve waxed lyrical elsewhere about the brilliance of Taylor Swift’s folklore, so I won’t dedicate too much space to that here.
The indie folk record — released on 24 July 2020, a mere week after Swift told her label the record even existed — became the first million-selling album in the US of 2020 . It has since soundtracked many existential lockdown walks as well as many breakups, marking a distinct change in direction for the American popstar. Swift’s 2019 effort, , was all confetti cannons, pastel pinks and heart emojis, but is far more nuanced. It has more emotional depth, and a greater scale of musical ambition. Naturally, then, I was incredibly excited when it was announced that folklore: the long pond studio sessions would be launching on Disney+ on 25 November; I wanted to learn more about the journey that Swift went on to create such a magical piece of art.
For me, live-streamed concerts have failed to live up to the experience of being in a venue full of fans singing their hearts out to their favourite songs. The artist documentary appeals a lot more as a substitute for gigs, because it offers the ability to inform as well as entertain. But, as much as I would love to spend the next 800 words enthusing about the insights the documentary gave me into Swift’s creative process, I wasn’t blown away by what I watched. Sure, there are some great performances in the film — Bleachers’ Jack Antonoff’s facial expressions when playing guitar steal the show — but it’s not interesting. And I say that as a massive Swift fan, which leaves me wondering what actually is there for anybody else in this beige production?
The surprise-released has been the subject of lots of critical and fan speculation. Who is co-writer William Bowery? Is it Swift’s boyfriend, Joe Alwyn? Could it be her ex, Harry Styles? Is ‘James’ from the triad of tracks ‘cardigan’ ‘betty’ and ‘august’ male or female? Did Swift write as a sapphic love story? But as the film stresses, resists biographical interpretation; Swift talks about how, having read lots of books and watched lots of films during lockdown, she recognised the creative potential in other peoples’ stories for the first time. And with ‘hoax’ she realised that a song doesn’t have to be about one specific person or memory, but it can be about multiple things simultaneously: confessions, nature, emotional volatility and ambiguity, and a love that isn’t just ‘easy’. It’s clear The National’s Aaron Dessner contributed a great deal to the writing process, enabling Swift to try new things and pushing her forward in moments of self-doubt. The record sounds richer for this collaboration, but as an on-screen personality, Dessner is meek and boring, albeit preferable to Antonoff, who constantly looks like he is desperately waiting for Swift to stop talking so he can make his point. At times, I cringed as he mansplained Swift’s success back to the megastar.
There are small snippets of the personal, though. I thought it was interesting hearing Swift talk about her constant need to be ‘switched on’ ‘mirrorball’, especially in light of recent comments made by Louis Tomlinson . “I love her and she’s an incredible artist, but not everyone is a Taylor Swift,” said the One Direction member and solo artist, seeming to suggest Swift is just ‘effortlessly’ marketable. You could certainly be forgiven for thinking the same by looking at Swift’s ruffled fringe, and her plaid t-shirt dress. But actually, Swift was worried that her label wouldn’t like the album because she wasn’t “doing a big pop thing”. When she’s talking about her insecurities and her self-doubt, this is when folklore: the long pond studio sessions is at its most interesting.
Ultimately, though, the documentary mode creates friction with the lack of autobiographical material in the record it is about; director Swift wants to invite us into her cosy fairy-lit studio, but she doesn’t want us to get too close. This sense of distance continues with the fact that the only people we see on camera are Swift, Dessner, Antonoff and Bon Iver’s Justin Vernon. Oh, and her cats. But that’s a given. We understand Swift’s desire for privacy, though, because this is the subject of the song ‘peace’; in the film Swift talks about trying to make herself seem like she has a normal life despite the lack of control she has over what tabloids publish about her and her loved ones. She is very private about her relationship with actor Joe Alwyn, so perhaps this lack of further insight into their world should come as no surprise.
As Swift sits two metres apart from her collaborators discussing the record, or the camera cuts to Justin Vernon singing his half of the duet ‘exile’ remotely, the distance between the viewer and the figures on screen is compounded. The documentary fails to let us close enough to Swift for it to strike the same emotional chord that the album did. In contrast to Netflix’s Miss Americana documentary, this production is clinical, cool and detached. We don’t see an impassioned Swift crying as she talks about her experiences at the hands of shitty men in the music industry, or tearing up as she talks about her Mum’s battle with cancer. There are moments where things get deep — when she’s talking about just surviving the day in ‘this is me trying’, or when Dessner talks about his lifelong struggles with depression, which inform his interpretation of ‘peace’ — but these moments are fleeting, leading to the overwhelming sense that we haven’t really learned anything new. It’s all just a bit, well, beige.
folklore is a masterpiece. But we didn’t need Swift, Dessner and Antonoff to come together to play it to realise that. If you’re hankering for a live music fix, then watch folklore: the long pond studio sessions for a technically excellent performance of a fantastic record. But don’t watch it expecting to feel connected to one of your favourite artists: you’ll have to wait until stadium tours resume and you can cry your heart out to ‘the 1’ along with the rest of the room for that.
Words by Beth Kirkbride
Posted in: Film/TV | Tagged: film, folklore, folklore: the long pond studio sessions, indie, indie folk, lockdown, music, Taylor Swift
Book Review: Boy Parts // Eliza Clark
Track Review: mars // Yungblud
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Total Trainer Winners – Cheltenham 2016 Preview & Tips
on February 8, 2016 at 4:05 pm
Added to betslip Total W. Mullins Winners - 7 Or Less
Total Nicky Henderson Winners
There will be a number of punters pinning their hopes on another successful festival for Willie Mullins following his amazing haul of eight winners last year, though some backers may not necessarily want short odds about some of his hotpots.
Can Mullins Make It Eight Again?
Indeed, with the likes of Min, Douvan, Faugheen, Annie Power, Vautour, Un De Sceaux and Killultagh Vic, Mullins looks set for a cracking Cheltenham, in which there are bound to be several others who deliver at bigger odds – Wicklow Brave won the County Hurdle at 25/1 a year ago.
The fact Mullins has such a powerful army of runners suggests another big haul could be on the cards,
…but the question for punters is: how many will he have? A glance back at Mullins’ last five Cheltenham Festivals shows the number of winners (to runners) trained:
2015: 8-54
The pattern prior to last season was around the 4-5 winners mark, and punters who envisage that sort of tally can get odds of 5/4 for Mullins training 7 winners or less. However, investors who think Mullins’ big guns will deliver once more can get odds of 4/7 about 8 or more winners.
Ricci’s Runners In Pink of Condition
Owner, Rich Ricci, will be responsible for a large number of the Mullins’ team, and having been rewarded with four winners a year ago, via the likes of Douvan, Faugheen, Vautour and Vroum Vroum Mag, he should be on the scoreboard once more with the same quartet, who all return. As for the odds, then the most likely outcome is that Ricci could have over 4 winners at 5/4, with fewer than 4 priced at 6/4. Exactly 4 winners is the outsider at 5/2.
It’s easy to find a case for each of the above odds, but a glance at Ricci’s other entries at this stage also highlights Min and Annie Power, suggesting odds of 5/4 for over 4 winners look well priced.
Nicholls To Draw A Blank?
Elsewhere, Paul Nicholls sent out the following numbers at the festival since 2011:
Following the glory years of Kauto Star, Denman, Master Minded and Big Buck’s, Nicholls’ numbers have dwindled a touch, and with just one current entry for this year at single-odds figures (Dodging Bullets at 9/1 for the Queen Mother). It’s no surprise, therefore, to see that odds of 5/4 are on offer for Nicholls blanking at the 2016 festival, with 1 winner 7/4 and over 1 winner 9/4.
Nicky Henderson on the other hand, looks to hold a much stronger portfolio, courtesy of Sprinter Sacre, Altior, Buveur D’Air, L’Ami Serge and Vaniteux. Henderson clearly has “live” chances across the four days, which may see takers of the 5/2 for exactly 2 winners, with 4/5 about 1 or no winners, and 3/1 for over 2 winners. For the record, Henderson’s five-year festival stats are:
Recommended Bets
While Willie Mullins is expected to have another memorable festival, the value looks to be with Mullins having 7 winners or fewer at 5/4. Repeating last season’s tally of 8 winners would take some doing, even with his firepower.
*Prices correct at time of publication
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Retailing Guides
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Home Uncategorized Bluegrass and Bourbon
Bluegrass and Bourbon
Jeremy Nedelka
I just got back from Louisville, Kentucky, where I had the chance to learn about Old Forester, Woodford Reserve and some other Brown-Forman brands, as well as tour the company’s headquarters and cooperage. I’ll be writing a longer Trip Report in the May/June issue, but here are some of the highlights from my trip.
I met with Campbell Brown, the great-great-grandson of George Garvin Brown. Campbell will become president of the Old Forester brand on May 1, a brand that the company is spending $50 million to release new extensions and open a distillery in Louisville on Whiskey Row, the original site for Old Forester. The company expects to open the new distillery, which will include a visitor area, sometime in 2016.
At Brown-Forman’s cooperage in Louisville, the company “raises” (manufactures) nearly 600,000 barrels per year, all used for aging its own brands. Most of the barrels are used for Jack Daniel’s, but since the company opened a new cooperage in Alabama to exclusively supply the Lynchburg, TN brand, more barrels are available for Brown-Forman’s other brands like Herradura, El Jimador, Old Forester and Woodford Reserve.
At the Brown-Forman cooperage, more than 600,000 barrels a year are raised for the company’s brands.
Brown-Forman’s Master Distiller, Chris Morris gave a tour of the Woodford Reserve distillery in Versailles, KY, where he demonstrated how to toast and char a barrel using just straw and a match.
Master Distiller Chris Morris showed how barrels used to be toasted and charred by hand using straw.
Also at the distillery, Woodford Reserve’s chef-in-residence Ouita Michel created a flavor wheel to pair with the new Woodford Reserve Straight Kentucky Rye, which was released last month. She also created a full lunch using many of the items on the flavor wheel.
Chef Ouita Michel prepared a tasting flavor wheel designed for the new Woodford Reserve Rye.
After lunch, Chris Morris took the group through a tasting that included unaged Woodford Reserve, unaged Woodford Rye, the regular versions of both products, plus a few other surprises. Be sure to read my upcoming column for more details about the trip.
1970 Glenrothes Single Malt Scotch Whisky
RumChata Limon
Remembering Suzie Riga
Disaronno and Jack Daniel’s Partner for Velvet Fire
Lock, Stock & Barrel 20-Year Rye Whiskey
Vizzy Lemonade Hard Seltzer
Interview: Kaveh Zamanian, Rabbit Hole Founder and Whiskey Maker
© 2021 Beverage Dynamics
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Let’s Talk Business
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Ladies Day 2020 Announcement
Over the weekend, we have taken the upsetting decision to cancel Ladies Day 2020 that was due to be staged on Wednesday 12 August. The ongoing Covid19 crisis means that mass gatherings are unlikely to be permitted by that time. Although horse racing is currently permitted, it is behind closed doors with strict rules surrounding participation. It was not a decision taken lightly, and we know that it will come as a blow to many of you who consider it a highlight of the summer.
We will be issuing automatic refunds over the coming weeks to those who have pre-booked tickets and hospitality. You do not need to contact us.
Even if we are allowed a few people in come August, it just could not be the Ladies Day that we know and love, and would not be fair on those who have purchased tickets with high expectations.
Needless to say, we will make Ladies Day 2021 one to remember.
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BISHOP PAT BUCKLEY
"THE TRUTH WILL SET YOU FREE EVEN IF THE TRUTH IS REVOLTING"
PELL WILL NOT APPEAL HIS SENTENCE
Post author By bishoppat
33 Comments on PELL WILL NOT APPEAL HIS SENTENCE
Australian cardinal won’t fight sentence if he loses appeal
Trevor Marshallsea
May 27, 2019 ASSOCIATED PRESS
In this Feb. 26, 2019, file photo, Cardinal George Pell arrives at the County Court in Melbourne,
Australia. An Australian court spokesman says Pell will not fight for a reduced jail sentence if he fails in his appeal of his conviction for molesting two choirboys in the 1990s. (Credit: Andy Brownbill/AP.)
SYDNEY, Australia – Disgraced Australian Catholic cardinal George Pell will not fight for a reduced jail sentence if he fails in his appeal of his conviction for molesting two choirboys in the 1990s, a court spokesman said Monday.
The 77-year-old Pell – the most senior Catholic official convicted of sex abuse – was sentenced in a Melbourne court in March to six years in prison. He must serve at least three years and eight months of the term.
Pell will appeal his conviction next month. His lawyers have filed an application arguing it should be overturned on three grounds.
But the application does not include an appeal of the length of the sentence, Andre Awadalla, a spokesman for the Court of Appeal in Victoria state, told the Associated Press.
“The only appeal application filed on the matter is an appeal against conviction,” Awadalla said. “His lawyers haven’t filed an appeal in relation to sentence.”
In sentencing Pell in March, Victorian County Court Chief Judge Peter Kidd acknowledged that there was a real chance that Pope Francis’s former finance minister could die in jail.
Pell was convicted by a unanimous jury verdict in December on one charge of sexual penetration of a child and four charges of committing an indecent act with or in the presence of a child.
He was found guilty of raping a 13-year-old choirboy and sexually molesting his 13-year-old friend in the sacristy of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in Melbourne in 1996, months after he became archbishop of the city. He molested the first boy again about a month later. One of his victims later died of a heroin overdose at the age of 31.
Pell’s appeal application is set down for hearing on June 5 and 6, with three judges to first decide whether he should be granted leave to appeal.
His legal team will first argue that the verdicts were “unreasonable” since the jury could not have been satisfied beyond reasonable doubt that Pell was guilty based on the word of the surviving victim against
“unchallenged exculpatory evidence” of more than 20 prosecution witnesses.
Pell’s lawyers are also expected to argue that Judge Kidd erred in not allowing them to use a video graphic in their closing arguments, which they said would demonstrate the offending that was alleged would have been impossible.
The third ground details an alleged “fundamental irregularity” in the trial in that Pell was not arraigned – asked if he pleaded guilty or not guilty – in front of the chosen jury.
If the judges accept the first ground, Pell’s conviction will be overturned and he will be released.
A new trial could be ordered if they accept the second or third grounds.
While Pell remains Australia’s highest-ranking Catholic, the Vatican has launched its own investigation into his convictions.
George Pell has spent three months in prison.
If he appeal fails he will spend another three years and five months in his cell?
He had always upheld his innocence.
Having watched the long TV programme about his time in Ballarat I was convinced of his guilt.
Of course I could be very wrong.
There are lots of famous and ordinary people who believe he is innocent.
Its interesting that his lawyers are not appealing his sentence.
The reason for that I imagine is that if he did appeal his sentence the appeal court could increase his sentence.
A three year, eight month sentence was very light for offences including child rape.
What does this blog’s readers think?
Is Pell guilty or innocent?
← CHRISTINA GALLAGHER SAYS OUR LADY TOLD HER THAT CARDINAL PELL IS INNOCENT! → KILLALOE – IS FINTAN MONAHAN A DICTATOR?
33 replies on “PELL WILL NOT APPEAL HIS SENTENCE”
Magna Cartasays:
GUILTY! ” PELL IS GUILTY.
However, he should NOT have been convicted on the uncorroborated word of a witness.
Anonymoussays:
Agreed I’d say he’ll win the appeal
I believe he is innocent and that the unreasonable verdict will be overturned. The complainant seems to have been inspired by a Rolling Stones account of a trial which sent 3 priests and a teacher to jail and was later shown to be a hoax.
I think today’s post is a non-story, since the Appeal never had anything to do with sentencing. If the appeal succeeds then of course a further appeal about the sentencing will be unnecessary. The only new item of information is that Pell says he would not attempt to lodge such an appeal, which could invite a heavier sentence.
Anon.says:
Pell is probably guilty but it’s likely he’ll win the appeal. He’ll claim he was always innocent, the laity will foot costs and Pell will fade into obscurity most likely in Rome.
Even if Pell is acquitted, he will never return to Rome. Too many of his former associates there will know the truth of the matter. And, anyway, there is also a civil case pending against him.
Retired Judgesays:
None of us can be confident that Pell is guilty or innocent. The question is whether he has been properly
convicted.
The third ground of appeal (failure to arraign in the presence of the jury) appears to be technical and wholly unmeritorious.
The second ground (exclusion of the video graphic) may have a little more traction but, placed in the
context of a massive volume of evidence (pointing both ways), it is difficult to see that the showing of the
video would have produced a different result. So that ground should also fail.
The first ground (verdict against the weight of the evidence) is the heart of the appeal. For reasons which have been canvassed in various publications (not all of them likely to have a pro-Pell bias), there does seem to be an inherent improbability in the complainant’s story. Notwithstanding the respect which appeal courts rightly pay to the verdict of a jury, I think that Pell has a fighting chance of success on this first ground.
One supplementary point, and an ironic one. This was a retrial after the jury at the first trial disagreed.
It has been widely reported that the first jury was split 10-2 for an acquittal. A majority verdict is acceptable in
Victoria only if it is supported by 11 jurors. If the report is accurate, Pell would have been acquitted on a
trial in England and Wales where 10-2 suffices, or in Scotland where a simple majority of the 15-member jury is enough.
No; none of us can be confident of Pell’s guilt or innocence, but we can be persuaded of it beyond reasonable doubt. Which, really, is all a court of law requires of a jury, and all a jury need satisfy itself with.
Anonsays:
At 12:30 p.m. Well said and thank you for the razor-sharp analysis, and especially for identifying the issue of whether or not the conviction was properly effected.
Pat, can we please have another Scottie Day as soon as poss? The last one was so enjoyable and edifying. Sure you’d miss all the wee Scotties.
Chrissays:
Motherwell / Westminister Lourdes 2018 investigate PAT !
Senior priests and students involved…
@Chris 1:02pm. Inspector Hamish McTaggart is investigating. We are all on tenterhooks awaiting his dossier. Do try and keep up, Chris.
M.says:
We will await results can these ever learn?
Inspector Taggartsays:
Hi Chris. Fear not. I am all over this my friend.
Paulsays:
If Inspector McTaggart is to believed then Bishop Toal will dismiss any clergy involved but cannot same the same about Cardinal Nicolls he will just likely move them around.
Be interesting if anything comes of this as + Toal must take action giving his credibility.
Pat, updates. We need updates. UPDATES!!!
There’s people walking the floor at night for the want of updates.
There’s men have taken to their beds for the lack of updates!
There’s folk have had to go to the doctors for nerve tablets because there’s no UPDATES!
There’s lads down the pub having a liquid lunch because they are being deprived of the essential updates.
There’s women and men comfort eating as we speak trying to get over the absence of updates!!
There’s poor crathers spending all their hard-earned dough buying stuff compulsively on http://www.amazon.co.uk to compensate themselves for no UPDATES!
There’s a man shouting at his poor wee dog in Ballymena because he’s all annoyed that there’s no updates.
Updates, Pat. For the love of God and for crying out loud, we need UPDATES.
It is a well known fact that there are NO homosexualists in Scotch Land. All Scotch men are fine big manly fellows covered head to foot in ginger hair. The homosexualist slur is a lie spawned in the South of England. Fie upon them! Fie upon them! Slanderers!
Post of the year award
Hah, hah, hah 😅
And again, hah, hah, hah 😅
Identify yourself. This post is racist.
Och noo Inspector nae yoo mind hae a am wee hen. Dinne yoo worry yer wee sell.
Just yoo stick til reetin up yer wee report on them big yins up the field o’ Loordes noo wee hen 🤣
@Inspector MacTaggart 😀😂🖕
Amazonsays:
Let us all congratulate Professor Mullaney on being elected president of the Federation of Catholic Universities in Europe!
Pat Mullaney on a high after the presidential election tis a great honour for the hole college says Mullaney Pat
Magna Carta's Mumsays:
Actually, Magna darling, mummy has some very fond memories of holidays spent in Scotland. Before your father and you came along of course.
Do you remember how when you were very young, if I wanted you to do something I would tell you Our Lady had appeared to me and said that you must do it? No wonder you grew up with a rather twisted sense of reality, when I kept telling you that Our Lady had appeared and said you must wash behind your ears!
That “Magna Carta’s Mum” is one very funny bloke! 🙂👏
I do indeed remember, dearest; I just wish it hadn’t taken me to my twenties to find out that those apparitions weren’t real.😕
But what of the all-seeing eye you put up on my bedroom wall? That picture. You told me it was just a visible assurance that God was watching over me…and over anything I did there. (I never could understand that last reference.)
Honestly dearest, all I ever did in my bedroom was say my night prayers, and sleep.😇
Magna! Mummy told you never to tell anyone about what you did in your bedroom!
It’s slightly awful in retrospect but I used to laugh with my friends from the Union of Catholic Mothers about the tales you would swallow. I once told you the Pope had decreed that boys should do their homework. Because I said it was in L’Osservatore Romano you accepted it and got very worried when Rose of Lima, our spaniel, ate the exercise book!
I tell you folks that old Carta gal is one smoking hot hottie. When you see old Maw Carta (picture an even more luscious Barbara Cartland) sashaying along, you can see immediately where her little Magna gets its looks and glamour. I wonder would they be interested in a threesome? 😏
Magna’s Mum is priceless! I love the spaniel named Rose of Lima! More please! In the absence of reports from Westminster Diocese and still no news of Daniel’s whereabouts, I haven’t laughed so much since some little tinker claimed to have posted a photo of Elsie’s caravan.
It would be a travesty if he got off, Bp Pat.
Remember what Francis said: “Behind rigidity, something always lies hidden. In many cases, a double life.”
There’s been far too much rigidity.
May I ask if you are innocent or guilty? Not by earthly legal judgement, but in eternal reality?
© 2021 BISHOP PAT BUCKLEY
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Bo Svenson: Paul Newman Refused Teen Fan an Autograph—Until She Gave Dad His Props
For a guy who was one of the greatest movie idols of all time, Paul Newman sported surprisingly little ego.
Or so that’s impression he made on fellow screen stud Bo Svenson.
Interviewed on Super ’70s Flashback!, Bo, a veteran of such films as North Dallas Forty and Heartbreak Ridge, discusses being cast opposite Robert Redford in a role meant for Paul, who passed away last year at age 83.
Paul: Absence of self-importance.
“While we were making The Great Waldo Pepper, right outside Elgin, Texas, Paul Newman came by. I thought he’d arrived to replace me, because I know that I had replaced him in the movie,” Bo tells host Carey Fisher of the 1975 flick.
“Originally, [director] George Roy Hill was going to make the movie with Robert Redford and Paul Newman. But [Universal Pictures President] Sid Scheinberg had made a joke to George asking him if that was all he could make— Robert Redford-Paul Newman movies, because at that time he had made The Sting and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
“George didn’t like that, so he had asked Paul to bow out. Then they looked around for someone, and for some reason, George hired me. So when Paul showed up on location, I packed my bags and went to the airport.
“The first assistant director caught up with me and was really pissed off and asked me where I was going,” continues Bo, who, in 1978, also played the lead in Enzo Castellari‘s Inglorious Bastards, and has a cameo opposite Brad Pitt in Quentin Tarantino‘s new remake, titled Inglourious Basterds.
“I said, ‘I’m going home.’ He said, ‘Why you going home?’ I said, ‘Well, I heard Paul Newman showed up—and I want to save you the embarrassment of firing me.’ So he got my bag and drove back to the set. And it was time for lunch by then.
Bo: Awed by Cool Hand Luke.
“So here was Paul, and it was kind of awkward because some people knew that I’d gone to the airport. And I’m sitting next to him and the owner of this huge, fantastic ranch, who was a German immigrant. Then his daughter, who was about 15, asked Paul for an autograph.
“And Paul said to her, ‘No. I will only give you my autograph after you’ve asked your father for his.
“‘Look around you, girl. See what your father has accomplished. He arrived in the country without a penny to his name, and look at what he has accomplished.’
“‘Did you ever ask him for his autograph? No, you’re asking me for mine, just because I’m in the movies.'”
To hear Bo’s full interview, click here.
This entry was posted in Actors, Celebrities, Entertainment, Movies and tagged BlogTalkRadio's Super '70s Flashback!, Bo Svenson, George Roy Hill, host Carey Fisher, Paul Newman, Robert Redford, The Great Waldo Pepper on September 1, 2009 by blogtalkradio.
← SoundBits: Audley Stephenson Makes Hoops Dream a Reality Chris Brogan: I’m Not the Big Bad Wolf. Social Media’s My Job →
3 thoughts on “Bo Svenson: Paul Newman Refused Teen Fan an Autograph—Until She Gave Dad His Props”
Michelle Galerkin September 1, 2009 at 8:20 pm
I saw Paul Newman being swamped by fans at The Americana Hotel in Manhattan when he and Joanne received the Humanitarian Award from The American Jewish Committee. This was in 1968. Everyone wanted a piece of him and he truly was at his most charismatic, dazzling, gorgeous period of his career. He had a policy of not signing autographs and he was steadfast at keeping it that way, but he made an exception for a male fan who had scarpbooks galore with him and who proclaimed that assembling this homage to Paul was “better than doing drugs”! I think this sparked something inside of Paul and he signed and autograph. The quote ended up in the next day’s New York Post. Paul Newman was a thoughtful,sweet and benevolent man. It is close to a year of his passing and I miss him terribly.
Jenniferwriter September 3, 2009 at 9:21 am
WhenI saw the headline, I thought ‘oh, an effort to shhot down a man brloved for hai humility’ – my apologies. Instead, yet another tale of a truly humble, grateful man ho also happened to be a great actor and beyond handsome, Sweet story and I bet it helped give the daughter a lifetime of appreciation for her father!
buchantha September 30, 2009 at 5:21 pm
all of your Paul Newman memorabilia available only @ HollywoodSouvenirs.com
promo code – hollymega
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Home › Broken Stars: Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction in Translation | Ken Liu, ed.
Broken Stars: Contemporary Chinese Science Fiction in Translation | Ken Liu, ed.
480 pages | Tor Books | Hardcover
Sixteen short stories from China's groundbreaking science fiction writers, edited and translated by award-winning author Ken Liu.
In Hugo award-winner Liu Cixin's 'Moonlight, ' a man is contacted by three future versions of himself, each trying to save their world from destruction. Hao Jingfang's 'The New Year Train' sees 1,500 passengers go missing on a train that vanishes into space. In the title story by Tang Fei, a young girl is shown how the stars can reveal the future.
In addition, three essays explore the history and rise of Chinese science fiction publishing, contemporary Chinese fandom, and how the growing interest in Chinese SF has impacted writers who had long laboured in obscurity.
By turns dazzling, melancholy and thought-provoking, Broken Stars celebrates the vibrancy and diversity of SFF voices emerging from China.
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Front Page » Archives » July 2006 »
" Open Warfare In The Middle East: The Lunatics Have Taken Over The Asylum "
Open Warfare In The Middle East: The Lunatics Have Taken Over The Asylum
Bush Supports Israel. American Media Coverage Sucks.
So What Else Is New?
By Winter Patriot on 7/16/2006, 11:00pm PT
Guest blogged by Winter Patriot
Israel attacks. Lebanon burns (left).
Hezbollah attacks. Haifa burns (right).
On and on it goes.
If this goes on for long enough, people might begin to ask who stands to benefit from endless war.
A very disturbing report today from The Scotsman has the Lebanese Information Minister accusing Israel of "using internationally prohibited weapons against civilians".
Is this something the Lebanese Information Minister would say even if it weren't true?
Is this something Israel would do?
How can we ever know the truth about such claims?
"We feel the entire world has left us alone to be slaughtered," said Ali al-Amin ...
To me, stuff like this transcends politics. It's either enough to knock you down and make you weep in fury, regardless of the nationality of the source, or else you need a heart transplant. IMVHO.
It's too bad we don't get much coverage like this in the USA. But oh well. No big surprise there. It's not the first time our news media have let us down, and it won't be the last.
My thoughts on the matter run like this:
May God protect the peaceful people of the Middle East, peaceful people of all countries. And may He smite the warmongers with a terrible swift sword.
Can I get an "amen"?
Thank you. Now please consider this an open thread.
Article Categories: Middle East, Open Thread
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"Open Warfare In The Middle East: The Lunatics Have Taken Over The Asylum"
(209 Responses so far...)
... Welfl said on 7/16/2006 @ 11:18 pm PT...
"July 16, 2006 --- EXCLUSIVE TO Wayne Madsen Report. Our intelligence sources in Lebanon have reported to us exclusively that Israel is now using poison gas and depleted uranium shells on towns in the south of Lebanon..."
Israel is now using poison gas on innocent civilians?
How ironic..., and evil.
The descendants of the world's most pitied victims are now the world's most disgusting victimizers --- along with the Bush Administration.
... Mar said on 7/16/2006 @ 11:30 pm PT...
WP said...."May God protect the peaceful people of the Middle East, peaceful people of all countries. And may He smite the warmongers with a terrible swift sword".
"Amen"...brother..!!
We should all throw in a few more amens for good measure.
Geeeeze, this is one sad, sick world anymore. What IS going to be left for our grandkids and great-grands as they grow up.
Wish I was wielding that sword..!! El Chimpo and Cheneys' would be the first heads to roll.
... Agent99 said on 7/16/2006 @ 11:45 pm PT...
... Agent99 said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:35 am PT...
Texas Democratic Candidate calls for impeachment. He did not say ITMFA, but he got definitely blunt about it!
... Steve said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:45 am PT...
I'll throw in a Bush-el full of Amens! The lockstep approval by the Bush Administration (and the worthless American MSM) of anything Israel does threatens to bring on an era of turbulence in this world that far exceeds even the horrible mess we have already created. May God (or some power) protect the world from Bush and his fellow warmongers!
... czaragorn said on 7/17/2006 @ 1:27 am PT...
Amen, and amen, and amen, again and again!
... Floridiot said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:10 am PT...
Amen... The thing that really yanks my chain is the neo-cons don't even see this as a tragedy, they see it as a money making proposition, an "opportunity" if you will
So the major networks are going to report what ?.
Well its WAR, WAR, WAR, any excuse to sell more weapons
there is mucho dinero in that.
Sick mfers...
Chickenhawks are salivating as their wallets fatten, while feigning disgust and people die
... BOB YOUNG said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:37 am PT...
Amen Amen Amen
... Larry Bergan said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:44 am PT...
Everybody keeps saying that Israel has the right to protect itself.
Fine, then let it protect itself and keep us the hell out of it! We have plenty to do here with our stolen democracy.
Newt Gringrich can shove that great big civil war book of his up his ass, (both, or all three of them)! Americas children are not going to be killed for this sick man's vision of grandeur!
Good Morning all, did you guys see the list of inside E-Mails yet from Die-Bold
They're pretty amazing
The first one has a whole slew of names to look up on the cc list
The neoCon plan, which this republican dictatorship has favored, is the destabilization of the region.
The admin has been working behind the scenes to influence the new and civilian background government in Israel.
We have heard the tom toms beating about Israel taking out the Iranian nuclear capability.
It has now moved to this point. My take on it is that the republican dictatorship would like to use it for the election.
Evidently they think war is the best way to gain enough poll movement in their favor that the polls won't be so far apart that the theft of the election in November won't be so noticable.
They are way out of touch with the voting public and the rest of the public too, and have miscalculated.
The overreaction of Israel will destabilize the region in the sense that US interests will be damaged further, and millions more will hate us.
The republican dictatorship cares nothing for that and want world war III:
Former U.S. House Speaker Newt Gingrich says America is in World War III and President Bush should say so.
http://archives.seattlet...an16m&date=20060716
as if WW III is no big deal.
Listen, if it spills over and Syria and Iran become involved in a shooting war, the Iraqi shia militias are likely to go over the edge.
So may our economy, with $100 bbl oil. This could effect all of us, because blackouts may become more common and along with that less internet access.
Here are better links for my post #11 (Newt WW III, and Old NeoCon Destabilization Plan).
Floridiot #10
Yes, I am reading them. Good finds.
Everyone check out the July 10 thread (which Floridiot links to in his post #10) for some incredible facts in various posts, including why the attempt is likely already planned to steal the November election (Voting News July 10 Thread).
Amen WP
Now they have invaded Lebanon with ground troops (link here).
Might be a good time for the UN to put troops into Iraq and in Lebanon. A true multi-national force with troops from mid-east countries that are serious about peace and democracy.
Bet that Bolton would veto at Bush's direction because he is a neoCon and they want war in that area. Newt even wants WW III (see post #12 for link).
... Peacelover said on 7/17/2006 @ 4:51 am PT...
The main reason for this latest murderous conflict is that Israel fired indiscriminately onto a crowded Gaza beach from a warship, murdering several Palestinan civilians - including women and children. It made a line in the news here (UK), but quickly and quietly diappeared, never to be raised again - I doubt if this got any airtime in the US. Anyone?
In response, Hamas grabbed an Israeli soldier carrying out illegal operations within Palestinan territory - in Bush's terms...an enemy combatant!! Is the hipocrisy starting to sink in yet?
So Israel 'responded' with a pre-planned attack, destroying Palestinian power plants, roads, airports and a whole load more civilian infrastructure - creating a massive humanitarian crisis and contravening just about every international law in existence.
These events have been the catalyst for the escalating war in Israel's neighbouring countries. Please remember this when the MSM keeps banging on about kidnapped Israeli soldiers - this is pathetic propaganda, but most numbnuts will buy it!!!
I'm sick of hearing how Israel were provoked - I'm sick of hearing Bush, Blair et al condone Israel, while at the same time trying to drag Iran and Syria into this. Long war anyone? And next time you hear our great leaders utter "We are at war...", ask yourself who exactly do they mean by "we". I don't recall Bush, Blair, Sharon, Olmed, Chirac etc. etc. standing on the front line ready to take a bullet for you...or a lung full of depleted Uranium. Do you?
If we value our world, we need to do something pretty damn soon. Depleted Uranium knows no boundaries, and neither does regular nuclear fallout.
Please wake up people - your elections are being controlled by AIPAC and affiliates (Diebold). Your media is being run by APIAC and affiliates (Wolf Blitzer?) - your military is being run by AIPAC - and you fund Israel to the tune of billions of dollars a year - while your own citizens are being NEGLECTED! (Remember Katrina? Well its nearly a year on - go do some research)
"May God protect the peaceful people of the Middle East, peaceful people of all countries. And may He smite the warmongers with a terrible swift sword."
Yes, Amen to that, but you guys have got to get a deeper perspective on reality first. While you party over politics, you are seriously divided, unable to see just exactly who's pulling your strings.
Peacelover
... Robert Lockwood Mills said on 7/17/2006 @ 4:57 am PT...
Hezbollah kidnaps two Israelis in retaliation for prisoners it thinks are being held unjustly. Then...
Israel launches full-scale bombing of Lebanon. Then...
Bush says Israel is entitled to defend itself. Then...
U.S. vetoes U.N. resolution condemning Israel. Then...
Word "leaks out" that Iran is supplying arms to various terrorist organizations. Then...
Newt Gingrich announces we're in World War III. Then...
______ says we must never let our guard down toward terrorists (Bush, Cheney, Blair, Frist, Rumsfeld, Fox Network, Giuliani, McCain, Hatch, Lieberman, Rove).
_______ says a Muslim caliphate is dedicated to the destruction of Israel (Cheney, Rumsfeld, Lieberman, Wolfowitz, Perle, Kristol, Krauthammer, Bolton).
_______ says we must support our president now that the Middle East has expanded into World War III (Gingrich, Cheney, Rove, Mehlmann, Coulter, O'Reilly,Limbaugh, Hannity, Malkin, O'Beirne, Matalin).
_______ says this is all too convenient for the G.O.P. war profiteers (BradBlog and a few brave Democrats).
... EmAitch said on 7/17/2006 @ 5:42 am PT...
Can someone help me with some history? I was listening to Laura Flanders on Air American. Her guest alluded to the US's previous meddling in Lebanon's civil War in the 80's but I needed her to join the dots more completely than she did. Here now are my questions:
1. What was Israel's role in Lebanon's "civil war" last time (early 80's)?
2. What was Syria's role in Lebanon's "civil War" last time?
2.5 Last time, was the US engaged in puppeteering? If yes, what were the strategic goals? Where the goals met?
3. Why did the US tell Americans who wanted to leave Lebanon to go to the airport , after the airport had been bombed?
4.Why is the US telling Americans they can expect to pay the government for flying them to Cypress? Is there a precedent for this?
I've been looking for the answers on the web, but perhaps I'm not approaching this correctly because I'm not finding answers.
... big dan said on 7/17/2006 @ 5:52 am PT...
Amen! WP writes a quote from an innocent Arab civilian. You don't see that in the MSM!
Is it too much to ask, to stop all this insanity???
http://www.truthout.org/docs_2006/071606E.shtml
One might say this next one is "anti-semetic"...you decide...
http://www.rense.com/general72/thou.htm
IMO, Isreal has been getting goofy since Sharon and Reagan
... Winter Patriot said on 7/17/2006 @ 7:11 am PT...
Peacelover #14 Regarding this:
your elections are being controlled by AIPAC and affiliates (Diebold)...
If you have any evidence to support this assertion, I would love to see it. And I'm pretty sure I'm not the only one.
Yes Peacelover, by all means, any and all info about election machine social or criminal linkage, as WP says, would be welcome.
What we do not want, however, are assertions without any backing whatsoever.
Some recent strange social and electronic voting machine links can be viewed by clicking on the July 10 link I provided in post #12.
Yo, Peacelover! New in town, hay? I'm sure glad you dropped in to wake us all up with respect to the points in your rant. Thanks
Peacelover, please furnish proof...I'd love to see it.
... Wayne said on 7/17/2006 @ 8:13 am PT...
Peacelover #14 says that this started when "Israel fired indiscriminately onto a crowded Gaza beach from a warship". Subsequent investigations have shown that Isreal did not fire onto the crowded beach as originally reported.
That issue aside let me ask the question if Cuba was lobbing an occasion missle into Miami, or Canada was lobbing into New York, or Mexico was lobbing into Houston, what would the US reaction be? Remember for every Isreal citizen that is killed that would be the equilvalent of 500 Americans. The Trade Center bombing if it occured with 3000 deaths in the US is the equivalent of 6 deaths in Isreal so I guess you would say no big deal. It was the responsibility of Lebanon and they agreed to disarm the Hezballa militia when Isreal left Lebanon. Instead Hezballa has only been allowed to grow stronger.
I am no fan of Bush or the neocons but I am a fan of Isreal. That pulled out of Lebanon and Gaza hoping to establish an atmosphere that would be condusive to peace. They have not been the parties sending the explosives into Gaza and Lebanon up to now. They did not start this new conflict by tunnelling into Gaza and killing and kidnapping soldiers or for that matter into Lebanon.
Isreal offered to end all actions immediately upon a return of prisoners. Now they will not stop until they are certain that the Hezballa war machine will be dismantled. Nor should they. If we do not support the only true democracy in the middle east than I guess there really is no need to count our votes here at home because we also do not support existing democracies abroad.
... Ricky said on 7/17/2006 @ 8:22 am PT...
{Ed note: Comment deleted. Commenter previously banned for repeated violation of the few posting rules that we have here. BF}
True Democracy Pfft, what does one NOT controlled by the military industrial complex look like, then I've seen one
A Lebanese citizen is quoted as saying today by Reuters.
"I can't believe they are doing all this for two captives. This is just an excuse," said 21-year-old Ali Sharara who fled his home in south Beirut and has been sleeping out in the open with his brother in a city park for the last two nights.
Two Isreal soldiers equals 1000 American citizens. What value would we put on them?
A change of position by Israel.
JERUSALEM - Israel would agree to a cease-fire in its six-day-old offensive against Hezbollah if the Lebanese guerrillas withdraw from the border area with Israel and release two captured Israeli soldiers, a senior official said Monday.
http://news.yahoo.com/s/...2szazkxBHNlYwN0bQ--
Have a look at this map. What do you notice?
Mediterranean / Lebanon / Syria / Iraq / Iran / Afghanistan / China !
Now tell me this has anything to do with terrorism.
I don't see any liberals supporting Hezbollah around here but I do see somebody who is trying to pretend that's the case. Meanwhile there's another one pushing the idea that one Israeli life is worth the same as 500 American lives (quite a telling argument, is it not?) and he claims to be a fan of Israel but apparently has no idea how to spell it. Quite a remarkable set of trolls they've sent us today, don't you think?
#29, oil
#30, ROTFLMAO, thanks, I needed that
... MEP said on 7/17/2006 @ 8:52 am PT...
#29 & #30
As always, nicely done WP.
Senator Joseph Lieberman
... bvac said on 7/17/2006 @ 9:28 am PT...
The "AIPAC controls your elections" post is pure misdirection and disinfo. I'd suggest everyone ignore or delete it. There's enough real stuff to criticize AIPAC over (spies in the state department anyone?) without having to delve into propaganda.
WP #30 says.
Meanwhile there's another one pushing the idea that one Israeli life is worth the same as 500 American lives (quite a telling argument, is it not?) and he claims to be a fan of Israel but apparently has no idea how to spell it. Quite a remarkable set of trolls they've sent us today, don't you think?
I guess the fact that I sometimes spell Israel by accident with an "ea" instead of an "ae" makes me a troll. Incredible. You have been gone for quite a while WP and it is good to have you back but perhaps you should be more careful when you call somebody a troll and perhaps you might want to check back on my previous comments. I do not post that often and do not spell very good but those who may know me better on line will vouch for the fact that I am definitely not a troll. That is unless trolls send checks.
BTW Brad has been busy trying to raise money for others. Perhaps this might be a good time for some of those who follow his blog regularly to send in a donation. Just make believe you took in a movie and dinner.
First thing on Limboob: "WWIII"...I guess that's the "Republican Noise Machine" in the MSM's "talking point". Limboob is encouraging more bombing by Israel.
... Charlie L said on 7/17/2006 @ 9:41 am PT...
WP: Is this about an oil pipeline from China (through Afghanastan, Iraq, Iran, Syria and Lebanon) to a warm/deep water port in the Meditarian?
Gee, that would almost be too obvious.
... molly said on 7/17/2006 @ 9:56 am PT...
Amen Brad, I want to be like you when I grow up. Israel is a military outpost for big oil. When they do war crimes and are criticized...they can say anti sementic and stop the conversation. Forgive me for my rant yesterday about so called liberal blogs which aren't. Americablog put up an artical advocating bombing Iran and Syria and has previously called McKinny a nut job for supporting Palestine. I think this is important because there is a lot of talk about what Fitzgerald is going to do to save us, but election fraud seems to be a subject nobody wants to discuss. I used to think dems. were saving their ammunition..now I think it's capitulation. It hit me when I read on FDL that Lieberman took money from Choicepoint. Pay off? Can't talk about election fraud or Israel. HMMmmm Can talk about the latest dumb thing Bush said while he and his friends steal, kill, and plunder. The Clinton, Emanuel wing of the dem. party fought Dean harder than repubs.
... Winter Patriot said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:01 am PT...
Wayne I apologize if I misread you. In truch the spelling issue is irrelevant and I was being snarky about that. But the important thing is: Can you please explain why one Israeli life is worth 500 American lives?
... Robert Lockwood Mills said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:04 am PT...
For Wayne: If Israel won't stop until Hezbollah is dismantled, what happens if Hezbollah isn't dismantled? Suppose it gets bigger. Then what?
And what about Hamas, al Qaeda, the Taliban (yes, they're back) and other enemies of Israel? What Israel is doing by bombing Lebanon is the equivalent of our dropping bombs on Libya after Pan Am/Lockerbie, or Saudi Arabia after 9/11 (because most of the suicide bombers came from there), or nuking Iran in 1980 because they kidnapped our embassy personnel.
Do you see the problem, Wayne? If we say "Israel is a democracy, so they're the good guys, and their enemies who don't live in democracies are the bad guys," and endorse full-scale warfare by Israel, we feel morally superior. But this approach also creates more and more bad guys. And that's the lesson of Iraq, isn't it? We attacked a sovereign nation as part of a "war on terror" after 9/11, and guess what? A country with few if any terrorists before our invasion became a haven for them afterward!
In other words, Wayne...where does it end?
... Peg C said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:08 am PT...
WP -
Because of my molasses-in-January internet connection, I don't post as often as I'd like, but this manufactured conflict calls for comment, lots of it. It appears that Israel set this whole scenario up by sending soldiers OVER the Lebanese border, then reacted with hell-fire when two were taken prisoner. Innocents and peace-lovers of all persuasions have my sympathy and love. Zionists and warmongers have my execration...
May the forces of beauty and enlightenment (these aren't corporate, BTW) help us all.
... Wayne said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:12 am PT...
WP #39 asked.
"Can you please explain why one Israeli life is worth 500 American lives?"
Easy WP the population of the US is more than 500 times that of Israel. If they lose 3000 citizens it has the comparable effect of the United States losing 150,000. That is where my comparison comes from. If the US has 3,000,000 of our citizens killed (god forbid, there would still be a US. If Israel had 3,000,000 deaths there would no longer be an Israel. It would have been liquidated.
... Welfl said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:22 am PT...
Last week, when I heard Iran's president imply that Iran would come to the aid of Syria, my now well worn and abused conspiratorial brain (the results of Bush being in office for five years) began speculating overtime. It very quickly came up with this scenario: I Smell A Rat.
Also, using Wayne's logic, a single murder victim in Wyoming is worth 50 murder victims in California.
... Floridiot said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:28 am PT...
And your point is ?
Shit, that was for #42
I think the 1 Israeli = 500 Americans is based on total population?
Otherwise it would imply that Jews are inherantly more important (to the tune of 500:1) than Americans.. but I didn't get that from the post by Wayne..
But, if you take that route, Wayne (the pop route), how about doing the math for the civilians killed by Israel.. How many "Americans" is it that have been killed, in terms of Lebonese?
At the end of the day, soldiers were taken. That doesn't warrent killing civilians by the dozens (almost hundreds, now). It doesn't warrent blowing a country back to the stone age.. And the WORLD (including that ass-munch Shrubby) should bet telling Israel to BACK OFF and talk to Hezbollah about getting their troops back.. Find out why they were taken, and see if there's a way to settle this dipolamtically.
Oh, wait.. then the U.S. couldn't resupply Israel with more weapons and funnel more money into the very few weapons manufacturers here in the U.S.
Israel is over reacting, and anyone that can't see that is a war-monger. At least, that's how I see it.. Trying to say "2 Israelis is the same as 1000 Americans" is a straw-man argument. It's 2 human beings, and over 100 other human beings are dead over it, and Hezbollah is gaining MORE support in the region because "innocent Arab civilians" are being murdered (over 2 soldiers who agreed to give up their life for their country).
Before anybody jumps on me and says my math is as bad as my spelling, let me correct myself. The population of the US 300 million. The population of Israel 6 million. The ratio is 50 to 1 not 500 to one. So all of my figues should be divided by 10. Nevertheless Israel would still be past history. And the effect of 3000 deaths that occurred here on 9/11 would be duplicated in if 150 deaths occurred.
Excellent editorial:
Atrocities in the Promised Land
By KATHLEEN CHRISTISON
former CIA analyst
Words fail; ordinary terms are inadequate to describe the horrors Israel daily perpetrates, and has perpetrated for years, against the Palestinians... But the horror generally falls on deaf ears in most of Israel, in the U.S. political arena, in the mainstream U.S. media. Those who are horrified --- and there are many --- cannot penetrate the shield of impassivity that protects the political and media elite in Israel, even more so in the U.S., and increasingly now in Canada and Europe, from seeing, from caring.
But it needs to be said now, loudly: those who devise and carry out Israeli policies have made Israel into a monster, and it has come time for all of us --- all Israelis, all Jews who allow Israel to speak for them, all Americans who do nothing to end U.S. support for Israel and its murderous policies --- to recognize that we stain ourselves morally by continuing to sit by while Israel carries out its atrocities against the Palestinians...
Robert Lockwood Mills,
I cannot say where it will end just where I do not want it to end. I want to be certain that it does not end with the destruction of Israel. This is where Hamas and Hezbolla have sworn it to end. Can we at least agree on these two points.
I hope it will end with Israel and Palistine living side by side in two peaceful and prosperous states. This is also where 95% is the Israelie population want it to end and have wanted since 1948.
OK Wayne, I did read you wrong. You're not a troll. You apparently you believe what you're saying. But what are you saying?
Here is a list of the world's populations sorted by size. Look at the top: China has 1.3 billion people. Look down to #152. Estonia has 1.3 million.
Does this mean that a single Estonian life is worth the same as a thousand Chinese lives? Or does your math apply only to Israel?
Don't worry about that: It's ok if it only applies to Israel. Maybe you can answer this question instead:
Israel's population is about 6.4 million. Lebanon's is about 3.8 million. Does that mean that a Lebanese life is worth more than an Israeli life?
How about the West Bank? 2.5 million. Gaza Strip: 1.4 million. Does your math still apply? Are these people more valuable than Israelis?
And does this all mean that I could increase the value of my life by moving to a country that has fewer people? Well, that's cool. I've always wanted to live in St. Pierre and Miquelon.
I sure hope they have high-speed internet there.
Winter Patriot, actually what your figures mean is that if the entire Muslim world declares war against Israel than you cannot just figure the populations of the West Bank and Gaza when equating to Israel but also must include the populations of Iran, Syria, Saudi Arabia, and any other muslim countries who have refused to make peace with Israel. You will note that I have not included Egypt or Jordan because although much of their populations oppose Israel the governments at least have agreed to make peace with Israel and recognize it.
Notably although Lebanon is not a muslim country per see they still have not signed a peace treaty with Israel and officially are in a state of war. Also the center of the military activities against Israel continues along Lebanon's border with Israel.
This piece by this woman pretty much nails it
... Mitch Spence said on 7/17/2006 @ 11:11 am PT...
Dredd said, "Evidently they think war is the best way to gain enough poll movement in their favor that the polls won't be so far apart that the theft of the election in November won't be so noticable."
Wow, it's amazing that the neocons conned Hammas and Hezbollah into attacking and kidnapping Israeli soldiers! If only they can get the Iranians to invest in mushrooms instead of mushroom clouds, we'd give them a little more credit.
Hi again Wayne:
I think I'm starting to understand: You add he populations of all Israel's neighbors (except Egypt and Jordan), divide the result by the population of Israel, and there's your numerical "justification" for a disproportionate response. Is that it?
Wow. That's some strange math you got there, Wayne.
Whatever happened to "all men are created equal" ???
Never mind. At least we agree on a few things.
the effect of 3000 deaths that occurred here on 9/11 would be duplicated in [Israel] if 150 deaths occurred [there].
If you're saying that Israel would go completely bonkers and declare endless limitless war on the rest of the world if 150 Israelis were killed in a terrorist attack, I'm not going to argue with you.
I hope it will end with Israel and Palistine living side by side in two peaceful and prosperous states. This is also where 95% is the Israeli population want it to end and have wanted since 1948.
And I won't argue with this either.
The problem, Wayne, is at the MOMENT, only Lebanon is "fighting" with Israel. So, every dead Lebonese (according to your math) is 1/2 of an Israeli.. Since near 100 Lebonese (almost all civilans) are dead, that's 200 Israelis to match.. yet, only under a dozen Israelis have died (by my last noticing of counts).. Therefore, Israel is bashing the shit out of Lebanon.. and all over 4 (by your math) people (since 2 soldiers were taken and it's 2 Israelis for each Lebanese person).
Instead of playing bullshit games with "math", let's look at the facts, shall we?
TWO Israeli soldiers were taken, and over (my guess as to the count by the next time we get an update) 100 Lebanese are dead. Civilians at that.
Does that make sense? Is that "justified" because you want to pretend those 2 soldiers "would be like 100 American soldiers"? So, what about the 2500+ soldiers Shrubby killed in Iraq over an illegal invasion? and the 100s of thousands of Iraqis that are dead, which would be.. what, 34 million Iraqis? to our 360 million here? factor of ten? so "over a million Americans killed in an illegal invasion"?
At the end of the day, this is about RELIGION, and in the name of their religion, Israel has been attacking people of the region for decades.. all because the "jews" decided they wanted to have a home, their own country, in their HISTORICALLY RELIGOUS LAND (or, as some would say, the land in their mythical fairy tale). They FORCED their way into a region that is religiously opposed to them, then cry about it? and wage wars and illegal killings of their neighbors? with support (money, weapons, etc.) from the U.S.? which makes the U.S. culpable and complicit in the tensions over there?
If you want to pitch a tent, you should make sure your neighbors aren't going to want to kill you when you do.. if they DO want to kill you for pitching your tent in their back yards, perhaps you should find a new back yard .. eh?
Peacelover #33: Is that your evidence? Surely you know by now that our standards are a lot more rigorous than that.
Charlie #37: don't look now but your sarcasm is showing.
Mitch Spence #53 may be interested in a whisper my frozen little ears have heard lately: that Hezbollah has denied responsibility for the attack on Haida. If this is true then it may shed some light on your question.
It wouldn't be the first time a "terrorist attack" was blamed on someone who had nothing to do with it. And it won't be the last, either. That's for sure.
In these turbulent times, it's nice to know there's at least one thing we can be sure of.
False Flag Ops are here to stay.
So, every dead Lebonese (according to your math) is 1/2 of an Israeli..... bah! I knew that was backwards.. every dead Israeli is 2 Lebanese..
gah.. you get the idea.. 100 dead Lebanese is 50 dead Israeli.. is 2500 dead Americans.. by your math.. which has no merit in the discussion, and only serves to try and "inflame" by pretending that one human life is worth more than another. Just because a country is small and the death of it's citizens has a "larger percentage" of the total population doesn't change the fact that "human beings are being killed". And for something that can be fixed if the squatters would just leave.
Wayne, the "destruction of Israel" business is a huge red herring. So is it's cousin, "_______ doesn't want Israel to have the right to exist."
This talk would be silly, except so many people take it seriously. It's really propaganda, because ISRAEL DOES EXIST. Arguing that its enemies deny its right to exist is debating with straw men, because whatever Hamas and Hezbollah (and the former PLO) might dream of, nothing is going to make Israel disappear. Nothing. Countries don't disappear. They can't be destroyed. Israel is a sovereign nation and a member of the United Nations. Hamas and Hezbollah can no more make it disappear than Pakistani terrorists could make India disappear.
There exists a credible argument that Israel should not have been created out of Palestinian territory in 1948, i.e. Germany was responsible for the Holocaust, not Palestine. Thus, if Jews were entitled to territory as reparation for the Holocaust, they should have been given German land. But that argument is now moot, because Israel DOES EXIST AND WILL ALWAYS EXIST.
Zionists won the argument 58 years ago. There's no point in revisiting it, except to convert a political fait accompli into an excuse for endless bloodshed.
... Charlene said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:38 pm PT...
Welfl #43
Your link nails it.
Thank you for posting it for us.
Reports say it's the biggest response from Israel in 24 years.
That's a long time of relative quiet to suddenly go ballistic.
Israel has received MOST of our foreign aide (a huge amount) every year since they proved themselves the dominant power in their area.
Bush&Co. benefit from inciting chaos--they export weapons, plus they want that pipeline--as the Welfl link states.
Israel has been committing atrocities for years. No doubt about it.
Of course, so have WE--we are no better.
I don't hate Israel--I just hate what all that US money does to their leaders & other leaders all over the world.
We DO need to stop giving Israel so much of our wealth. Our support of Israel has really been at the heart of all the terrorist crap. You don't hear about the subject much because a lot of tv is owned by Jews.
That's the truth.
Speaking of $ corrupting leaders;
I talked with someone in London a while ago. We talked about why his PM would ever have agreed to invade Iraq with Bush when the Downing street memo clearly showed he knew the reasons for invasion were trumped up. Because it would have been very hard for Bush to pull the bogus invasion off, if he could have done it at all, without the backing of England.
He said his understanding was that Bush had their PM over a barrel re financial matters--such as imports/exports, & other matters.
Greed IS the root of all evil.
Greed & religion.
Religious leaders have gotten their followers to commit any number of atrocities "in the name of God" all through out history.
It's just another con game to get power & $ for some--at the expense of the rest.
John Lennon was ahead of his time & right on--religion sucks.
Look what's going on now.
50,000 votes are not that many to get for the Nat'l Initiative to kick in. Not out of 300 million voters.
... Winter Patriot said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:46 pm PT...
Charlene said:
Our support of Israel has really been at the heart of all the terrorist crap. You don't hear about the subject much because a lot of tv is owned by Jews.
I wonder if you have any evidence to support your assertions. Please note that the statement "That's the truth." does not qualify as evidence.
Nothing personal, Charlene. But we do like evidence around here.
... MMIIXX said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:51 pm PT...
"Rachel Corrie ~
1979 - 2003"
http://www.rachelcorrie.org/news.htm
... Peacelover said on 7/17/2006 @ 12:53 pm PT...
Look you've got to figure it out yourselves!
And Wayne #24 "Subsequent investigations have shown that Isreal did not fire onto the crowded beach as originally reported."
Which investigations? By whom? And when? I've seen the footage and the photos.
... MMIIXX said on 7/17/2006 @ 1:06 pm PT...
Peacelover great ROI (return on investment) don't ya thunk ?
Empathy is a funny thing.
It’s always seemed strange to me how humans respond to adversity .
Physically abused children go on to physically abuse their own children.
Sexually abused children go on to sexually abuse their own children.
And it would seem a race of people victimized by there host (German) go on to victimized their host (Palestinians).
You have given us some voodoo math.
Now your choice is to face up, retract the voodoo math, and get back in step with a blog that likes accuracy.
A blog that does not reject speculation, but one that weighs speculation based upon the ground from whence the speculation tries to take flight.
Mitch Spence #53
Can you be serious too?
... Wayne said on 7/17/2006 @ 1:51 pm PT...
... Robert Lockwood Mills said
"because whatever Hamas and Hezbollah (and the former PLO) might dream of, nothing is going to make Israel disappear. Nothing. Countries don't disappear. They can't be destroyed"
Tell that to Tibet or Taiwan. Tell that to Yugoslavia or the Soviet Union. Nations can be destroyed by breakup from within or obsorbtion from without. No nations future is guaranteed. There is presently an Italy but the Roman Empire no longer exists.
Winter Patriot
... Charlene said on 7/17/2006 @ 1:52 pm PT...
#60 WP
Yeah, I read a book about it.
Let me find it & I'll get back to you.
... Winter Patriot said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:00 pm PT...
Wayne says
Same to you, Wayne. PEACE it is! And that's the main thing.
I don't agree with some of what you have posted here today but I think your heart is in the right place and I hope mine is too. In response to your comment:
I hope it will end with Israel and Palistine living side by side in two peaceful and prosperous states.
I wish to add: YEAH! And as soon as possible too. This madness has gone on long enough!
... bvac said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:04 pm PT...
I think flying our flags upside down will end all terrorism.
... Dredd said "Wayne You have given us some voodoo math"
Not voodoo match but my feeling that Israel is surrounded by unfriendly forces and is both surrounded and outnumbered. In this case they must be as strong as all the forces that surround them combined. As to my other numbers I hope that you understand that the impact on a family that has most of its members killed in a very small plane crash is more devastating to that small family than if one of its members is killed in a very large plane crash.
That said I'm not even sure what that has to do with anything but it might. And perhaps you can understand my point. I doubt it though. I have found in the past that most peoples positions on the issues of Israel and their neighbors have been cemented long ago.
... Freedom and Justice for All said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:09 pm PT...
Say, I have a question.
I have heard that 3% of all 300 million Americans are Jewish and the majority are Democrats. That's 9 million Jews in America.
Now, keeping that thought in mind� consider these interesting facts about Israel:
20,770 sq. km
Slightly smaller than New Jersey
Religions:
Jewish 80.1%
Muslim 14.6%
Christian 2.1%, other 3.2%
Hebrew (official)
Arabic used officially for Arab minority
English most commonly used foreign language
Mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985, Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
18 years of age and universal
The above info indicates there's actually 4.9 million Jew's in Israel.
Since 3,000 American's died on 9/11 (some Jewish)... and 250,000 Iraq non-combatants were killed in the Iraq War (mostly woman/children) that America is fighting for Israel. Since 2,500 American Military died and 50,000 were injured (some Jewish) fighting Israel's Middle East War with Iraq. How does this effect the 50 to 1 and/or 500 to 1 net worth ratio of an average American, American Military death and /or American Jew verses an Israel Jew?
Then consider this info:
Why does Israel a country with a population of 4.9 million people receive 3 billion dollars annually in foreign aid from America? That is 1/7th of the USA's entire foreign aid budget, which is 21 billion dollars.
Why does a country the size of New Jersey with 1/60 the population of the USA have 66,000 AIPAC members lobbying USA state and federal governments.... and then another 250,000 people aligned with various other Israel political action groups doing the same thing? That is 1/14 the total population of Israel and 1/28th the total Jewish population of America.
Again I say "315,000 political action" members lobbying on behalf of a country with 4.9 million people?
Boy, numbers are fun aren't they?
Since Israel controls the Bush Adminstration and the US Government. All American's must live in the United States of Israel.
Question Americans better start asking� "Who really controls the US Government, who's war are we fighting and why?"
... Savantster said on 7/17/2006 @ 2:20 pm PT...
Wayne, losing "50" people in Israel does to the country's population (percentage wise) what losing 2500 Americans does to America.. NOTHING.. right?
In the U.S., we lose over 30,000 people a year to CAR ACCIDENTS (probably a lot more, but I am thinking of some number associated to drunk driving.. can't remember the exact stat though). Should we wage war on the Auto Manufacturers?
The simple fact of the matter is, it's not about "what kind of National Ratio are dying", it's the fact that Israel is responding with "way too much force" for the "crime" comitted. That is, 2 soldiers were abducted, so well over 100 civilians killed and millions of dollars of damage is done to the entire country? Trying to "bring it up to scope with Sept. 11, 2001" is to try and do the same tired and ignorant shit this Admin does with that date.. which is to sully the memories of those who died while pushing an illogical and amoral political position.
Israel is "surrounded" by a "lot of enemies" and has to be as "strong as all of them combined"? BULLSHIT.. false logic.. If those people don't want to wage war on their neighbors, they don't have to. If they want more "safety", they can move their "imposed country" to some land where they have more hospitable neighbors.. I've said it before in this thread, and it's being ignored like an elephant in the room.
Israel used their RELIGIOUS VIEWS to force themselves into the middle of RELIGIOUSLY OPPOSED PEOPLE and carved out a land for themselves. Then they set about causing strife in the region, and now are crying because they are being attacked.
Don't piss on an electric fence if you don't want your balls fried.. it's quite simple.
Savantster,
As I previously said,
"I have found in the past that most peoples positions on the issues of Israel and their neighbors have been cemented long ago."
I have had this argument with parties from both sides. You are not the first nor will you be the last party that I have decided that to argue with a wall is just a waste of my energies.
Considering that this is an open thread, nobody will accuse me of going OT if I mention an editorial in the New York Times which tells the truth --- albeit it slightly muted terms:
The Real Agenda
It is only now, nearly five years after Sept. 11, that the full picture of the Bush administration’s response to the terror attacks is becoming clear. Much of it, we can see now, had far less to do with fighting Osama bin Laden than with expanding presidential power.
... RadioactiveRadine! said on 7/17/2006 @ 3:03 pm PT...
Let there be Peace--
and let it begin with me!
... NEZUA LIMON XOLOQUINTA-JONEZ said on 7/17/2006 @ 3:48 pm PT...
... big dan said on 7/17/2006 @ 4:40 pm PT...
Here's how TV news should be...Democracy NOW! coverage of the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Click on "Watch 128K Stream" to see what Democracy NOW! news looks like...it's on DISH 9410 LINK-TV & 9415 FSTV, or 375 DirecTV (LINK-TV)... and compare it to ABC, NBC, CBS, CNN's coverage.
http://www.democracynow.....pl?sid=06/07/17/1423257
On Democracy NOW!, it said that Israeli attacks have killed 8 entire families in Lebanon. Did they tell us that on ABC, NBC, CBS, & CNN? Just wondering...
"Charlene said:
I wonder if you have any evidence to support your assertions. Please note that the statement "That's the truth." does not qualify as evidence."
try these links
http://www.natall.com/who-rules-america/
http://compuserb.com/mediain1.htm
http://www.nationalvangu...rd.org/story.php?id=4022
or this example:
"JEWISH MEDIA SUPREMACY
Such as it is, the press has become the greatest power within the Western World, more powerful than the legislature, the executive and judiciary. One would like to ask; by whom has it been elected and to whom is it responsible? ” —Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
“This (Jewish) stranglehold (on the media) has got to be broken or this country’s going down the drain,” Graham said, agreeing with Nixon’s comments earlier in the conversation. “You believe that?” Nixon says in response. “Yes, sir,” says Graham. “Oh boy. So do I,” Nixon agrees, then says: “I can’t ever say that, but I believe it.” (Recorded 1972 conversation between Richard Nixon and Rev. Billy Graham at the White House)(1)
Four of the largest five entertainment giants are now run or owned by Jews. Murdoch’s News Corp (at number four) is the only gentile holdout — however Rupert is as pro-Israel as any Jew, probably more so.” (Los Angeles Jewish Times (2) Oct. 29. 1999) [other sources claim Murdoch’s mother, Elisabeth J. Greene, is Jewish]"
http://www.davidduke.com/?p=358
This is still an open thread, right?
Then it's probably ok if I post a link that will make us all proud of our tax dollars at work:
NYT: Up to 48 Iraqis Killed in Attack on Market
The New York Times doesn't give you a lot of context, but that's ok.
Here's some context for you!
(disclosure: the second link leads to an article I wrote last December)
What I'm wondering, did Israel "enter" or "invade" Lebanon? And how many of the casualties on both sides are civilians vs. soldiers or Hezbollah? And Lebanese civilians??? They aren't even Israeli's OR Hezbollah!!! Also, in 5 years of the Bush administration, did Bush seriously sit down at all with both sides and try to strike a deal? And was Hamas democratically elected? We're trying to spread democracy in the middle east...except if the Palestinians democratically elect Hamas??? None of the above makes any sense.
... ICGreen said on 7/17/2006 @ 5:58 pm PT...
Winter wrote:
>>A very disturbing report today from The Scotsman has the Lebanese Information Minister accusing Israel of "using internationally prohibited weapons against civilians"
>> May God protect the peaceful people of the Middle East, peaceful people of all countries. And may He smite the warmongers with a terrible swift sword.
Here's a quote from the New York Times I find apropos:
Mrs. Clinton, who is seeking re-election to the Senate and is considered a possible candidate for president in 2008, also compared Israel?s fierce response, which has included heavy bombardment of Lebanon, to a theoretical response by the United States if it faced attacks from neighboring countries.
?I want us here in New York to imagine, if extremist terrorists were launching rocket attacks across the Mexican or Canadian border, would we stand by or would we defend America against these attacks from extremists?? Mrs. Clinton said to roars of approval.
http://www.nytimes.com/2...ff1459e85&ei=5087%0A
So, the terrorists could attack from Barrie, Ontario, Canada for instance. Definitely, if there was a extremist there, Clinton would want to lay waste to the entire town just like in the Middle East. And when peaceful people come home to find their what's left of their peaceful kids dead in the crater that used to be their backyard (Roars of Approval. That's it, isn't it?) they will be able to appreciate the depth of Senator Clinton's wisdom.
Unfortunately, few in America would likely be exposed to the depth of their appreciation through the usual channels. Well, until lately, that is. Congrats and long live the Brad Blog.
See the vicious Barrie, Ontario for yourself, if you dare:
http://www.city.barrie.o...SCM=0&MI=2&L1M=2
... Agent99 said on 7/17/2006 @ 6:06 pm PT...
ICGreen
ICRed to read those words from Madam Clinton, but I'm very grateful that you posted them... and for your commentary.
I have changed the links I posted in comments #74 and #82. If you wanted to read them but couldn't get past the NYT firewall, please try again.
Disclosure: those links now lead to new pages at please don't read my blog.
... Peg C said on 7/17/2006 @ 6:45 pm PT...
Thanks, Welfl #48 -
Great editorial. I printed it off immediately for others to read. Normally, I get to Counterpunch, but there's just too much material on the web this week.
I MISS your "please don't read my blog!" Are you ever going to get it up and running again?
... TLV said on 7/17/2006 @ 7:35 pm PT...
Ricky - The Saudis funded and pretended to be members of Hezbollah. The information about this is out there if you'd only look. Don't believe the lies...they only perpetuate war.
... Bluebear2 said on 7/17/2006 @ 8:17 pm PT...
At least we have the Strategic Thinker to see us through this!
BB2!
Did you really link to that for the "strategic thinker" or the stuff to the right of him?
... Jo-Joy said on 7/17/2006 @ 8:55 pm PT...
My sympathies are with the unfortunate citizens of Lebanon. Too weak from years of occupation and civil war to fight the terrorists of Israel and Hezbollah, They are sitting ducks as these two crazy groups attempt to destroy each other with hatred and weapons. Lebanon has the misfortune of sharing borders with Israel and Syria. As these lunatics try kill one another, poor Lebanon is always in the crossfire. Their geographic location will never grant them peace, no matter what they do. Very sad. The humanitarian crisis that will follow this man made disaster will be a horror. God help them.
Mark #11 at "Escape from San Diego" started it with his coulter link - got lost after that!
... Peg C said on 7/17/2006 @ 10:25 pm PT...
I "converted" to Judaism in the late '60s because I was engaged to a Jewish man and we wanted our children to be brought up coherently. Jewishness is NOT Zionism,. which is a world-pervading, life-destroying philosophy of a master race, itself counterfeit because most Jews ARE NOT SEMITIC. They are Eastern European.
Please God, STOP this insane bloodletting. My nightmares are the world's.
WP, I'm cold too - but swelterimg in unprecedented heat and humdiity in what is supposed to be our nation's most salubrious summer clime...the northern Maine coast. The stacks MUST be regulated.
Peg C. #88: Thanks for your kind words. I posted a few news articles today at please don't read my blog because I was afraid they were going to disappear and I needed a place to put them. I don't know whether I will continue to do that or whether I will resume more conventional blogging but if I do, I'll let you know. Thanks again!
... Charlene said on 7/18/2006 @ 1:12 am PT...
# 79 MMIIXX
Thanks for jumping in there to help--those were good sources of info if anyone reads them.
# 60 Winter Patriot
Apparently, not everyone knows our support of Israel is a problem for us & about Jews running the media.
So, for your education, Winter Patriot---& since YOU ASKED---I repeat YOU ASKED---The book I remember reading many years ago with a friend in St. Louis re how media is owned & run by Jews was called "The Dispossessed Majority" by Robertson. I didn't agree with it's conclusions, but I couldn't argue with it's facts & the research behind it.
I looked everywhere here & can't locate my book, so it must be at the cabin. But that's ok because MMIIXX helped with some references that also prove it. These are from the David Duke.com site from 11/02 & 11/05.
Duke is not a nice person, but his facts are researched & true. ( & they're newer than my book's info which I read in the eighties)
You've heard from DemocracyNow! & Citizen.org & others that 5 or 6 huge conglomerates own all the media now.
Well, here goes:
1. Disney Ceo Michael Eisner, a Jew
2. Time Warner CEO Steven Bornstein, a Jew
3. Viacom headed by Summer Redstone (born Murray Rothstein, a Jew)
4. Rupert Murdock's News Corporation, which owns Fox. Murdock is gentile but Peter Chernin, who heads his film studio & TV production is a Jew.
5. Sony is Japanese but their US subsidiary is run by Michael Schulhot, a Jew. Alan Levine, another Jew, heads Sony pictures division
Most of the TV & movie production companies that are not owned by one of the 5 big corporations are also owned by Jews;
New World Entertainment is owned by Ronald Perelman, a Jew.
Dreamworks was founded by 3 jews--David Geffen, Jeffrey Katzenberg & Steven Spielberg.
MCA & Universal Pictures are both jowned by Seagram Co.--the CEO of Seagram is Edgar Bronfman, Jr. who is also the President of the World Jewish Congress.
Executive Producers of ABC news are Jews.
Victor Newfeld (20/20)
Bob Reichbloom (Good Morning America)
Rich Kaplan (World News Tonight)
CBS news president is Eric Ober, a Jew.
NBC news president is Andrew Lack, a Jew, as are executive producers Jeff Zucker (Today), Jeff Gealnick (NBC Nightly News) & Neal Shapiro (Dateline)
Michael Medved, a conservative who has a radio show in many stations all over the country where he cheers for Bush & tells lies to cover for Bush&Co's crimes, & he also reviews movies, is a Jew. He wrote an article that ran in the August 1996 issue of "Moment" magazine with the headline & cover "Jews Run Hollywood: So What?"
In the article Medved says, "It makes no sense at all to try to deny the reality of Jewish power & prominence in popular culture. Any list of the most influential production executives at each of the major movie studios will produce a heavy majority of recognizably Jewish names."
He goes on to say, "Jewish writers & directors employ unquestionably flattering depictions of Jews for audiences that react with sympathy & affection."
So, it's pretty common knowledge that Jews run it all.
There are more facts about Jews running the major newspapers, & also Jews reviewing many of the movies, but I'm tired of typing, which I'm not good at anyway & have to keep fixing my typos as I go, so you can read it for yourself, if you have read this far & care to know. I say this because some here don't even read what you actually write, much less the links, so I don't see the value in bothering myself with it any further.
This is the first peek at why Israel is always depicted favorably by MSM & why they don't talk about how our support of Israel is causing us a lot of problems.
If one reads several trusted independent sources about Israel & the US--you'll see for yourself why this is so.
But I'll list somthing for you. I think TomDispatch.com did a nice job of explaining it.
I'll have to look it up tomorrow & get back to you:
Silly me. I could have saved myself a lot of trouble.
I studied a number of independent news sources, called up personal knowledge gained through reading obscure books, & got a foreign friend's input before forming my opinion on this complicated subject & giving it here.
After reading the other comments, I see I could have just asked my spouse what he thinks & plunked that out for consumption.....no one could have asked for my sources!
Yet I get hassled.
Being really big and dangerous as hell doesn't always insure survival, just ask Grizzly bears, (no reference to bears on Brad Blog), in North America!
George Bush hates and fears poor people. This passage from Ron Suskind's book about the strange experience Paul O' Neil had while serving as Bush's Secretary of the Treasury is telling about Bush's thoughts on the matter. While discussing Clinton's approach to handling the Israel/Palestinian issue, Bush said he had flown over the Palestine with Sharon in 1998 and said sourly, "Looked real bad down there. I don't see much we can do over there at this point. I think it's time to pull out of that situation"
Colin Powell and O'Neil were taken aback by the simplistic plan and Powell said such a move might be hasty. He tried to give Bush a short history and stressed that a pullback by the United States would unleash Sharon and the Israeli army adding, the consequences of that could be dire, "especially for the Palestinians."
Bush shrugged. "Maybe that's the best way to get things back in balance."
Powell seemed startled. Bush added "sometimes a show of strength by one side can really clarify things"
Mike Malloy put it in a nut shell the other night. He said The Bible says an eye for an eye, not a thousand eyes for an eye.
Of course Bush and Cheney like to send those types of "messages" to "clarify things"
By the way, Suskinds new book, "The 1 percent solution" talks about how the CIA made a special trip to see Bush at the ranch just before 911 to alert him to the fact that something big was about to happen and Bush told them "Well, OK, you've covered your asses".
Hmmm! Suskind has lots of friends in very high places that don't like what's going on at all. Hope this incredible, (reality based), author doesn't have an accident!
... Agent99 said on 7/18/2006 @ 1:24 am PT...
Hey, everybody, there is a nice lady named Lindy who keeps trying to get on this subject with us, but the threads keep getting ahead of her. So, her comment can be found here. I linked her to this page, and you to her comment, and so... any minute now the time/space warp will smooth out and everyone can be together.
Thanks, Charlene.
I don't think you should assume that nobody reads what you post here. Personally, I have read the whole thing. Some parts more than once.
You can bet (and this goes for everyone, not just Charlene) that if I ask you to corroborate something you have said (especially on a thread that I started), I am going to show you the courtesy of reading your entire response, at the very least! And I hope many others will as well.
I'm not sure where you get the idea that I'm hassling you. Sometimes people say things that are ... shall we say ... controversial ... or they make assertions that would be very powerful if we could prove them ... and if they don't provide any corroborating evidence ... and if I'm paying attention ... I very often ask them if they can provide any support for their position.
It doesn't necessarily mean that I am ignorant of the issues involved, and it is never meant in a personal way either. All it means is that your statement could use some support.
So ... if I ask you a question like I did today, I don't mean it as a hassle. I mean it as a chance for you to explain what you think and why. Rather than seeing it as my having given you a burden, perhaps you could look at it as if I had offered you the floor, and a microphone, and a spotlight.
That's a much more apt analogy, IMO. And thanks again for clarifying your earlier statement.
COMMENT #100 [Permalink]
Charlene #96
What is a 'Jew'?
Do you mean it in the sense of 'christian', 'moslem', and 'jew', or do you mean it in the sense of 'arab', 'jew', 'european', 'north american', 'australian', or what?
The way WP responded it was like he sanctioned everything you said about those you call 'jew'.
I can't agree or disagree because I can not get a sense of what you mean by the word 'jew' because of the way the word is embedded within your post, and how that meaning is related by nexus to your subject matter.
Dredd writes:
and I apologize if that's the impression I gave.
I didn't mean it that way. I meant it as in "OK. Here are the particulars. What do you think?"
Peg C #94
"Jewishness is NOT Zionism,. which is a world-pervading, life-destroying philosophy of a master race, itself counterfeit because most Jews ARE NOT SEMITIC. They are Eastern European."
As far as I'm aware, the controllers of the state of Israel are largely Ashkenazim - decendents of eastern European families. They occupy the main positions of power within the Israeli government and military.
The semitic people were (and still are as far as I know) the indigenous peoples of the middle east - a semitic person being one who spoke the semitic language - be they worshipers of Islam, Yaweh, Christ - whatever.
Zionism is not a faith - it is a political ideology, much the same as Fascism, Capitalism, Liberalism or Communism. It has nothing whatsoever to do with Judaism - but has managed to successfully confuse the issue to serve its own ends.
IMO, there is one race - the human race! People can delude themselves and profess that their own paticular dogmatic belief system is better than someone else's - that's their choice - just don't ask me to agree with it. BUT more to the point, what the human race needs now is to address extremism, in all its forms, before we anhialate our home world.
In my post #12, above, I linked to a Newt Gingrich statement that we are in WW III.
Another prominent member of the republican dictatorship says, no, we are in WW IV:
In the address to a group of college students, Woolsey described the Cold War as the third world war and said "This fourth world war, I think, will last considerably longer than either World Wars I or II did for us. Hopefully not the full four-plus decades of the Cold War."
(link here, bold added). They have so many wars on the brain they do not seem to be able to keep track of them.
Perhaps that is why we all suffer from their ignorance of history ... those who forget history are doomed to repeat it.
They think WW II and IV will be so fluffy we can miss them unless we watch closely?
Scary ... listen you two dorks Gingrich and Woolsey ... a nuclear world war, (the next would be III), will be the greatest catastrophe mankind has gone thru and noone will miss it accidentally.
Yes, and they've had it hardwired for a long time. In Lindy's comment on the other thread she links to this article at Think Progress:
http://thinkprogress.org...neocons-middle-east-war/
Given what's passing for normal in our world, maybe we should give our so-called lunatics a shot at running this asylum? How could they do worse than this?
Amen, again.
WP #99
I meant a certain person, not you, who obviously doesn't read my comments--but skims them--& gets the gist wrong.
I thought you were the one erasing my reasonable remarks when I wrote that.
Between the tag team you & 99 have been making on different threads, I certainly am being hassled.
Gee I wonder why I'd be irritated?
Dredd #100
Please don't start with the 'Charlene Hates Jews' bit.
If I say blacks & hispanics commit most of the crime--do I hate blacks & hispanics? Or am I stating fact?
Please try to discern the difference before jumping.
I've known Jews control MSM all along--but never saw a need to point it out--til now--because it's central to why you don't hear negative about what our support of Israel costs us.
A Jew is sombody that was born into a family that considers itself Jewish, a family that descended from the Israelites in the Bible. Or they could be a convert to Judaism.
Anyone remember the Hamdan v Rumsfeld decision?
One legal scholar has detailed how the media are spreading myths about the decision (link here).
It shows how the laws of war apply to the president.
Charlene #105
You said "Please don't start with the 'Charlene Hates Jews' bit". Fine with me, it is just that people throw so many terms around that if I don't ask what they mean I may misunderstand them.
You said "A Jew is sombody that was born into a family that considers itself Jewish, a family that descended from the Israelites in the Bible. Or they could be a convert to Judaism."
Ok, that is the racial idea from the Bible. According to that Judah was one of the 12 tribes of Israel (Jacob's name was changed to Israel, and then he had 12 sons, which then developed into 12 "tribes", the "12 tribes of Israel").
So what nexus is there between the descendants of Judah ("Jews") and journalism? I do not get that connection. I also would not get it if the connection was to blacks, hispanics, caucasians, or indians.
Where is the nexus between race and ownership of media companies?
Are you saying that race will have noticeable effect on "how media is owned & run"?
I remember Hamdan and have been wondering when the administration and congress will remember it. Think maybe they just need a little time to get used to the idea, or what?
Thank you for depressing the living snot out of me with your link! I had no idea it had gotten to the point of outright fabrications, and/or mistakes of such transcendent ignorance, being bandied about in publications many believe are reputable. (No wonder the trolls take such umbrage at our refusal to let them disinform here! They think it's normal!) That decision was a miracle, considering our times, and it's being ignored, shunted aside, turned inside out and knotted up beyond recognition. I suppose it yet remains perfectly safe to rely on the public's unwillingness to endure more than two lines of legalese. Sheesh. And, double sheesh.
Agent99 #108
Yes, in the MSM Shit happens and Sh*t happens:
http://www.editorandpubl...nu_content_id=1002840572
What many are forgetting, in the Hamdan case, is that the original decision came down from a federal district court judge who had ruled against the president.
The Supreme Court in Hamdan upheld that federal district court judge, and reversed the judges on the higher up appellate court (one of whom was Roberts, the current Chief Justice).
The importance of this is being hidden. What it means is that the regime must now deal with a federal judge who has not and will not take any shit or sh*t from them!
That is why they ran to the rubber stamp congress with their tails between their legs.
But make no mistake, they will still have to deal with the judge and he will not let them bullshit or bullsh*t!
The way I hear it, Hamdan blows *'s "legal" defenses for his numerous crimes against the 4th Amendment, among other things, all the way out of the water. The professors at Georgetown are positively giddy about the implications. (I am too, but, uh, it requires persons willing to adhere to law for these implications to bear their fruit.) The first blush triumph is (should have been) that the men at Gitmo will no longer be tortured or treated so badly, and get a decent hearing so that they might actually get out of that hellhole. But the implications, as I heard them explained, are just dazzling for the rest of us too. What if we had a legislative branch that was disposed to enforce the law?
November means everything to almost everyone in the world.
Agent99, #104 - Ever since this thread started there was something nagging at the back of my mind. Your last comment brought it to the forefront. Do you remember the movie King of Hearts? In case not, it was a seminal anti-war film, in which in fact the lunatics did take over a little town, briefly, and what an improvement it was! Sure, they were a collection of odd people, but there wasn't a single certifiable homicidal maniac among them, which could not be said about the military geniuses they replaced. If any of you haven't seen that movie, I recommend it highly! And yeah, WP, it's past time for you to resurrect your blog(s)!
Czaragorn
Man! That rang bells. Couldn't quite find it in the old bean. So I googled, and are we talking Alan Bates in 1967? First time I ever saw Alan Bates was in The Go Between, circa 1970, and fell flat on my ass in love with him! Impressionable young thing. Were they speaking French? Were there subtitles? I have such bad eyes I would not have seen it with subtitles. I have the choice: read, or watch movie. Not both. That sounds like my kinda movie, and maybe I need to see it. Maybe it would cheer me up. Maybe I could get Agent 86 to read the subtitles while I sigh over the young Alan Bates!
Indeed yes, 99! Alan Bates it was, and, yes, there were subtitles (although I didn't remember that, seeing as how my French was perfect in those days). The movie started playing at a little theater in Central Square, Cambridge, and was so popular that it ran, 3 shows a day, for about 6 years, to the exclusion of anything else, packed house every show, as I recall! Try to get a copy - read it the first time, then just watch the second. Bates shone like the true star he was, as did everyone involved. I saw it a half a dozen times, and I'd surely love to see it again...
PS - Alan and his cohorts all spoke English in the film, only the French loony bin residents spoke French, as I recall, so you can get in plenty of swooning the first time through!
Oh! Excellent! That tears it! I'm going to have to spend some grocery money on one of those video rental services. The pickings are too slim here in the boondocks. Thanks, Czaragorn!
Thanks to Peg C. for distinguishing between Judaism and Zionism.
The modern Zionist movement is barely a century old. It is predicated on a biblical promise (considerably older, about 30 centuries) made by Yahweh (Hebrew God) to Jews who had been oppressed by Persian and Egyptian armies. "You will have your Zion," said God, meaning a sanctuary where I will protect you.
Modern Zionism arose out of pogroms in Czarist Russia in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. Some Jews escaped to Europe and the United States, others weren't so lucky. Out of sympathy for their plight, the Balfour Declaration (English) during World War I laid a blueprint for a new Zion in the Middle East. England and the League of Nations drew artificial boundaries for other new countries as the Ottoman Empire collapsed (Mesopotamia became Iraq, for example), but the new Zion didn't arise until after World War II, and not because of anything the Palestinians had done...but because Hitler repeated the pattern established by Russian czars, in an even crueler way.
Since 1948 indigenous Palestinians have been accused of denying Israel its right to exist. Some do, but that rhetoric misses the point. A better way to say it is, "Israel exists, without a doubt...but wouldn't it have been fairer to create it out of Russian or German land, given that modern Zionism arose out of Russian and German sins, instead of penalizing innocent Palestinians by driving them out of their homes?"
I'm drawing a distinction between "hating Jews" and "Israel has too much influence over U.S. policy". I'm of the latter. I could care less if someone is Jewish or not. Doesn't mean a thing to me.
... Bluebear2 said on 7/18/2006 @ 7:49 am PT...
Czaragorn & Agent99
King of hearts - one of my all time favorite movies.
The ending is outstanding, but I won't ruin it for 99!
This really pisses me off! Doesn't this fall under the Anti Terrorist laws? If you use a gun in this state it makes no difference if it's loaded or not - you still get more time for it. This is terrorism, regardless the fact that it was an inert substance. This bitch should be in prison!!!!
BB2 --- Good morning!
I wonder if anyone's thought to just throw a bucket of water on her, see what happens? In fact, there is a whole faction of people in this country nowadays who, I sometimes wonder, might just dissolve back into the putrid ooze from whence they sprung if only we could figure out the exact combination of spells to use toward this end. Have done with the lot. Poof. Unfortunately, I think if voodoo actually worked, they'd already be gone.
Wildly disproportionate attack on Lebanon seems like pretext to confront Iran, says Linda McQuaig
http://www.thestar.com/N...204&col=968350116795
Rolling Stone: The Return Of The Draft (thank you, Republicans)
http://www.rollingstone....the_return_of_the_draft/
btw...there was an article where Bushco said that we will be in Iraq until 2016, so if you have kids under 10, guess what??? They're not safe from what Bushco has done...When the Iraq War based on lies first started, I remember people saying, "Well, if there's a draft, my kids will miss it. They're all under 10 years old." 2016 - 2006 = 10 years. 10 more years we'll be there + 10 year old kid = 20 year old kid!!!
... czaragorn said on 7/18/2006 @ 10:33 am PT...
RLM #116 - really, wouldn't Tsarist Russia work just as well? Just a little sensitive...
Peacelover #102 -
... Sunshine Greeny said on 7/18/2006 @ 10:43 am PT...
My apologies if these are repeats:
Urgent Warning: CNN prepares Israeli false flag war provocation vs. Americans in Lebanon
By Webster G. Tarpley
Online Journal Guest Writer
Washington DC, July 15 (1 PM EDT) --- The escalating Israeli assault on Lebanon clearly represents a conscious bid to provoke a general war in the Middle East. The captured Israeli soldiers are only the pretext for the present massive military operations.
Israeli spokesmen are making constant allegations that Hezbollah missiles being fired at Israel have been manufactured or delivered by Iran. At the same time, the Israelis accuse Hezbollah of wanting to transfer the two captured Israeli soldiers to Syria or Iran. These statements are an attempt to build a case for an Israeli sneak attack on Syria and/or Iran. US spokesmen, including the Nietzschean fascist John Bolton, constantly repeat the litany that Syria and Iran are the supporters of Hezbollah.
How might the Israelis and their Bush-Cheney allies escalate to a Middle East regional war? A linear scenario is that, after further bombardment of Israel by rockets allegedly made in Iran and allegedly delivered with the connivance of Syria, the Israeli Defense Force (IDF) lashes out at Damascus and Teheran. Syrian and Iranian retaliatory measures would then be seized upon by the Bush-Cheney regime as a pretext for US entry into the war. Here the US would be openly dragged into war as the tail of the Israeli dog. But this is a deeply flawed scenario, sure to generate huge waves of resentment against the Israelis and their US partners as the body bags begin to come home.
False flag scenarios would be entirely more effective from the point of view of the war planners. CNN and MSNBC coverage this Saturday morning has been stressing the situation of the 25,000 Americans now stuck in Lebanon. These Americans are being invited to register with the US consulates for possible evacuation. The State Department and the US military have been remarkably slow to begin such an evacuation.
One possible provocation scenario to bring the US into the war is that a helicopter carrying US citizens being evacuated out of Lebanon is hit by a missile and destroyed, killing all on board. The missile might be fired by the Israelis or by their allies among the fascist Lebanese Phalangists. The Israelis would announce that the helicopter had been destroyed by Hezbollah, opening the way for a hysterical campaign by Fox News and the rest of the neocon mass brainwashing apparatus to secure an early US attack on Syria and Iran.
An alternative: a group of Arabic-speaking Israeli Mossad or Shin Beth special forces, or a group of Phalangist militia round up a few dozen Americans and machine-gun them to death. The controlled media then blame the massacre on Hezbolllah, thus stampeding the US population into war.
The "Christian" Phalangist (or "Kataeb Party") have long been a willing cat's paw for the US and Israelis in Lebanon. It was the Phalangists, controlled by the Gemayel family, who did most of the actual killing at the infamous Tel-al-Zaatar massacre in August 1976, in the midst of the Kissinger-provoked Lebanese civil war. The Phalangists in that case did the dirty work under the supervision of the Israelis. Although the controlled media have been silent about the Phalange, it is clear that they are still available for dirty operations.
In an ominous sign, CNN broadcasts have featured first-person interviews with Caroline Shamoun, supposedly an American stuck in Lebanon. This reference recalls Camille Chamoun, the CIA puppet president of Lebanon who called in US forces in 1958. The goal of the current campaign is manifestly to call US forces to intervene into a Lebanon-centered crisis once again.
All peace-loving governments and all Americans of good will should make it clear that they hold the Israeli Mossad, Shin Beth, and Israeli Defense Forces directly responsible for the safety and welfare of the Americans trapped in Lebanon by the present aggression. Any atrocities against these Americans cannot be attributed to Hezbollah, Syria, or Iran, none of whom has any conceivable interest in provoking the US into an attack. It is Israel and Cheney who have such an interest, as is likely to have been discussed during Olmert's visit to the US in May and Netanyahu's visit here in June.
It is imperative that the US and world populations be inoculated against the provocation scenarios now being propagandized by CNN, MSNBC, and the rest of the controlled media.
Webster Griffin Tarpley is author of the books "9/11 Synthetic Terror: Made in USA," the only "full MIHOP" or "inside job from A to Z" study of 9/11 in print; and co-author of "George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography," which was the first to break the story of the Bush dynasty's key role in launching Adolf Hitler.
Copyright © 1998-2006 Online Journal
http://onlinejournal.com...ublish/article_998.shtml
We're Being Set Up for Wider War in the Middle East
by Paul Craig Roberts
"Today, this neoconservative plan is unfolding before our eyes. Israel has used the capture of two of its soldiers in Lebanon as an excuse for an all-out air and naval bombardment against Lebanese civilian targets. However, a number of commentators have pointed out that such a massive attack requires weeks if not months of preparation that could not be done overnight in response to the capture of the soldiers."
http://www.antiwar.com/roberts/?articleid=9317
U.S.-Backed Israeli Policies Pursuing "End of Palestine"
Noam Chomsky interviewed by Amy Goodman & Juan Gonzalez
Democracy Now, July 14, 2006
A version of the kidnapping sequence varying from MSM propaganda:
"...Gaza, itself, the latest phase, began on June 24. It was when Israel abducted two Gaza civilians, a doctor and his brother. We don't know their names. You don’t know the names of victims. They were taken to Israel, presumably, and nobody knows their fate. The next day, something happened, which we do know about, a lot. Militants in Gaza, probably Islamic Jihad, abducted an Israeli soldier across the border. That’s Corporal Gilad Shalit. And that's well known; first abduction is not. Then followed the escalation of Israeli attacks on Gaza, which I don’t have to repeat. It’s reported on adequately."
http://www.chomsky.info/interviews/20060714.htm
Yesterday CNN anchor Tony Harris interviewed a frantic American woman, Sara Ahmadia, who is on the ground in Lebanon. Ahmadia, offering first-hand accounts and descriptions, was trivialized and diverted by Harris, who naturally had to intervene once it became clear that the woman's accounts didn't gel with "official" propaganda:
Ahmadia: "It's horrible because we checked ahead of time. I'm very, very surprised. We went from hearing the first bombs on Wednesday during the day to waking up Thursday morning and finding ourselves completely isolated from the rest of the world. It's terrifying. Before we knew it, the airport was bombed, the highways were bombed, closing off Syria and that was it, we were stuck ... I'm waiting for the United States to, you know, they haven't been very communicative with people here. We feel very abandoned, quite frankly. I'm just waiting for them to come up with something.
If I may say one more thing, though, probably the most important reason why I wanted to be on the air because it has absolutely nothing to do with me and everything to do with who's letting people know that these are civilian targets getting bombed and the United States, right now, our government is supporting the bombing of innocent civilians. There's only a few Hezbollah killed and like 200 Lebanese civilians that have absolutely nothing to do with Hezbollah. Many of them are against Hezbollah and our government needs to stop this."
Harris responds: "All right Sara, you understand there is an entirely different view of the situation on the ground than the one you've just expressed, you understand that, correct?"
Ahmadia: "I understand that and it's horrible. I don't know what information is being conveyed to the United States, but it's not what is happening here."
http://transcripts.cnn.c...IPTS/0607/17/lol.02.html
Energised Neo-Cons Say Israel's Fight is Washington's
http://www.commondreams..../headlines06/0718-06.htm
James Woolsey Calls For An Attack On Syria
http://www.infowars.com/...sey_calls_for_attack.htm
... big dan said on 7/18/2006 @ 11:54 am PT...
Do you see how much smarter we are this time around? We know exactly what's going on. I didn't the first time. Idiot kook-aid drinkers still don't know, but their numbers are dwindling. I was actually 50-50 for the War in Iraq, when I was lied to the first time. Fool me once, shame on you...fool me twice, I'M A KOOK-AID DRINKING RIGHTWING ASSHOLE!!!!!!!!
Sadly, these people actually are allowed to vote. They vote Republican, too.
... big dan said on 7/18/2006 @ 12:00 pm PT...
uuuuuummmm..... GAY MARRIAGE! aaaa.... FLAG BURNING!.. uuuuu.... ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION! While that's going on, the neo-cons are getting us into a war with Iran, stealing our tax money for war, taking it for 1% rich tax cuts, taking it from college aid for our kids, medicare, medicaid, turning back the clock on health & technology & the environment, getting our soldiers killed in a war based on lies, perpetual war for profits for their friends, buying government time ala Abramoff, WOW! How stupid can these people be? Who would vote for these creeps? Not that they actually won....
... Bluebear2 said on 7/18/2006 @ 12:51 pm PT...
Big Dan #131
You've got that quote all wrong:Fool Me
US warships head for Lebanon, thousands flee bombing
http://today.reuters.com...S-MIDEAST-EVACUATION.xml
... Lindy said on 7/18/2006 @ 2:31 pm PT...
RE: https://bradblog.com/?p=3070#comment-89006
(I'll try this again. I'll catch up. Thanks again Agent 99! Quotes still queasy on ##3070)
Once again the �facts were fixed� ahead of time. That happened probably when they were at Camp David and had their �pose�. Bush swaggered up with the hands in the old gunslinger position. Said a word or two to the reporters, then snuck away on a different helicopter and surprised the boys in Iraq. A peculiarly excited countenance on Rumsfeld though, an aura of breathlessness of tyrannical secrets abrew, was upon him. Either that or he lost control of his bodily functions and his little shoe-boots were sloshing.
Bush wants to go to war with Iran, but it would look as uncouth as Iraq was, and we have no great wealth and won�t support it. Timing for the G-8 meeting was no happenstance. (Of course, it was planned!)
Israel had been pushing and shoving a bit for some time, but no over-action until Bush was �eating pig� in Germany. Were we surprised? Not. Bush says, �Stay the course� in different words, but same. He meets privately to schmooze with Pootie, as he called his Russian friend, (attempt to work up a deal.) Stepped in it a wee bit with Putin, received a public slap or two from it, but still all are smiling and laughing for the photo-op. Putin had a more professional demeanor,(a more serious face.) They may have had too much of the vodka. Bush would not let Russia into the WTO however, so not �Disaster accomplished� yet.
So, it was Syria�s and Iran�s fault for everything that is happening between Israel and Lebanon. Can we wonder why protestors in Israel were screaming, �It�s George Bush! He�s the one behind all this!�
Bush would not dare to jump into a preemptive war again, Right? So, what could the maestros of this messy scene have in mind? � Anger Iran and Syria enough, perhaps, just perhaps, their foulest dreams would come true! They might attack Israel, and then, the father of all nightmares for us all. The G-8 would back Bush to begin the war on Iran and Syria that MSM has been hoping for. The first description of a missile into north Israel was that it was a �silkworm� missile. I have not heard that used since.
Coreesa has been squawking about this being their �script� for days in comments to various articles over at HuffingtonPost.com. She thinks these staged events will knock out our upcoming elections if the script is successful. She�s right!
I�ve got a question or two:
What if the Iranians and Syrians don�t act accordingly to their anticipated (psych-ops) moves and attack Israel?
What if they just sit back and watch as Bush is doing, so to speak?
What if the G-8 and the UN do not back Bush in the beginning of this war described as WWW III? Sanity and better judgment just could prevail!
Hopefully this will clarify why there should be NO fighting. It should stop because everyone fighting and being slaughtered on both sides are PAWNS.
Attorney General Alberto Gonzales said Tuesday that President Bush personally blocked Justice Department lawyers from pursuing an internal probe of the warrantless eavesdropping program that monitors Americans� international calls and e-mails when terrorism is suspected.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com...13918661/#storyContinued
and finally, ...
To: ... BIG DAN said on 7/18/2006 @ 12:58 pm PT...
OK - I accept defeat (on the quotes only)! At least the ? are easier to read than the previous symbols.
I removed the formatting when I copied it, and pasted it here in plain text. Sorry, everyone!
I spoke of Hamdan v Rumsfeld days ago & asked everyone to tell their Representative to impeach once again because it's another offense.
Guess it was missed.
I spoke of the new draft laws with women & groups such as health care workers being sent first days ago.
I got my definition of a Jew, since YOU asked----from the dictionary. ("Random House Webster's" dictionary--before you ask my source). I did not get it from my evil plan to disparage the Jews.
ONCE AGAIN, for those that don't read carefully---I have known Jews control media since the 80's--it's a fairly well known fact as far as I can tell--but I have not mentioned it until now because now it is central to my point about why you don't hear bad things about what our huge support of Israel costs us--in speaking about the increased violence of late etc.
Why don't YOU look the subject up & see what you find yourself?
I didn't make it up--these are facts.
I can't help it if some don't like the facts.
What is the "nexus" you ask?
Well, you could deduce it for yourself from the facts, but let me hold your hand:
*When someone is in a position of power in which they can edit/cut/change what is allowed to be seen or known about a subject they care about--some will purposely slant the subject in their favor because they CAN.*
As a journalist/editor, you're supposed to tell the the truth & let the rightness or wrongness of any subject fall where it may.
*That's what power does to some.*
It does not mean that whatever nationality they happen to belong to as a whole is behaving unfairly.
It means THEY are. Period.
If the MSM were as honest & fair as Brad is, for instance, with his blog--our country would be better off.
Don't kill the messenger.
... Sunshine Greeny said on 7/18/2006 @ 3:19 pm PT...
http://uk.oneworld.net/a.../v...w/136518/1/7468
US using 'dangerous new form of weapon'
From Brett Wagner, president of the California Center for Strategic Studies:
A couple of weeks ago I sent you an urgent email titled "The Most Shocking Thing I Have Ever Seen."
Since then, the California Center for Strategic Studies (CCSS) has been gathering additional evidence that the U.S. government has deployed a very dangerous new form of weapon in Iraq, apparently without congressional approval.
We have now set up an online petition calling on the U.S. Congress to oppose the development and deployment of the "pain ray" and the "death ray":
http://www.PetitionOnlin...De...y/petition.html
The petition also serves as a rough draft for prospective legislation.
Enclosed at the bottom of this email is an op-ed I've written which is going out all across the country next week. It will fill you in on most of the details. Thanks to our efforts, this story is probably going to be VERY BIG very soon.
Over the past week I've placed a number of phone calls to my usual contacts on Capitol Hill, and several key congressional staff members are interested in setting up a joint meeting for me to brief them on these issues. (We've worked with many of these same staffers on previous legislation.)
We believe there is a very good chance we can introduce legislation right after the August recess, but it's very important that we get the ball rolling SOON.
A few on the Democratic side of the aisle also believe this could become a very big issue in the November elections, for all the obvious reasons: mismanagement of the war in Iraq, a dangerous new precedent, etc.
(That's not to say this should be a "political issue" - but the reality is, in Washington everything is political to some extent.)
Opportunities like this to make a real difference in the course of Human Events are the primary reason why we launched our think tank 7 years ago. Since we are a small tightly-run organization, we rely almost totally on contributions from regular people like you - that means we do not have any funds set aside to pay for this trip to Washington.
Please consider making a contribution today, so that I can begin making all the necessary travel preparations to go to Washington (booking a flight, lodging, etc.) as soon as possible.
Please don't wait for someone else to help us - we need you!
You can make a tax-deductible online contribution to help out with our efforts by clicking on:
http://www.thecalifornia....o.../contribute.php
Or by mailing your tax-deductible contribution to:
The California Center for Strategic Studies
4882 McGrath St., Suite 230
"From the 'pain ray' to the 'death ray':
Have direct energy weapons already been deployed by U.S.
forces in Iraq?"
By Brett Wagner
Nothing in my training or experience as a national security specialist prepared me for what I witnessed last month when viewing a newly released documentary news video concerning an extremely controversial new generation of U.S. weaponry which may have already been secretly deployed in Iraq. This sort of thing is not for the faint of heart.
For the past few years the U.S. military has been developing new technology based on "directed energy" yielding two new types of weapons.
The first, "Active Denial System," has been nicknamed the "pain ray" --- and with good reason. It fires out millimeter waves --- a sort of cousin of microwaves, in the 95 GHz range. The invisible beams penetrate just 1/64th of an inch beneath the skin, directly affecting the nerve endings, and a 2-second burst can heat the skin to 130 degrees. Charles Heal, a widely recognized authority on nonlethal weapons who has dubbed the ray the "Holy Grail of crowd control," likened it to having a hot iron pressed against the skin.
Deploying the pain ray would be a clear violation of international law, which prohibits weapons whose primary intention is to inflict pain. Earlier this year, a U.S. military commander in Iraq requested that, despite the ban, the weapon be deployed immediately. But following the efforts of our organization and others opposing that request, Washington has indefinitely delayed any deployment pending further testing and analysis.
The second form of directed energy weaponry fires out microwaves, a form of energy well known for its use in modern kitchen appliances. I have nicknamed this weapon the "death ray" --- and with good reason. Exposing mammals to microwaves is known to make them explode.
The documentary news video in question, which was released online recently (16 May 2006) by a major Italian news service, examines evidence that the U.S. military has deployed - dating back to the 2003 battle for Baghdad Airport - a new generation of weaponry likely based on firing microwaves. Viewer discretion is advised: even as a former professor for the U.S. Naval War College, this goes way beyond my comfort zone
Judging from the reported effects of the weaponry, it likely includes "speed of light" technology defying the generic term "laser" and it is my professional opinion that it also likely includes the use of microwaves, judging from the descriptions of bodies that seem to have inexplicably exploded.
However, I cannot imagine the scientific explanation for the cadavers that reportedly shrunk to the size of approximately one-meter in length after being exposed to some sort of ray (the cause of death) and then inadvertently struck by bullets. Neither do I have an explanation for what one eyewitness describes as a bus transformed "like a cloth, like a wet cloth" and shrunk to the size of a Volkswagen. To me, it sounds like a very intense form of microwaves.
The statements by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld and General Myers excerpted from a 2003 archived press conference are especially revealing:
JOURNALIST: Mr. Secretary, can I ask you a question about some of the technology that you're developing to fight the war on terrorists, specifically directed energy and high-powered microwave technology? When do you envision that you can weaponize that type of technology?
DONALD RUMSFELD (appearing noticeably uncomfortable with the question): In the normal order of things, when you invest in research and development and begin a developmental project, you don't have any intention or expectations that one would use it. On the other hand, the real world intervenes from time to time, and you reach in there and take something out that is still in a developmental stage, and you might use it.
JOURNALIST: But you sound like you're willing to experiment with it.
GENERAL MYERS: Yeah, I think that's the point. And I think we have from the beginning of this conflictŠ I think General Franks [commander of U.S. forces in Iraq] has been very open to looking at new things, if there are new things available, and has been willing to put them into the fight, even before they've been fully wrung outŠ And we will continue to do that.
Also noteworthy was the inclusion of footage, albeit very brief, near the end of the documentary of the "pain ray" being tested on a person identified as an American soldier. The person exposed to the ray obviously experienced excruciating pain before ducking quickly out of the line of fire.
The closing remarks in the documentary by highly-respected military analyst William Arkin echo my widely-publicized concerns regarding the implications of the pain ray for use in crowd control in the U.S. - and the potential threat to our basic civil liberties, such as our First Amendment rights of peaceable assembly and to petition the government for a redress of our grievances (not to mention undermining the norms expressed by Sixth Amendment prohibitions against cruel and unusual punishment).
These types of weapons pose a dire threat to the world as we know it and their deployment must be prevented at all cost. At the very least, they could ignite a new global arms race, which in turn would lead to increasing global instability or worse.
We simply must not allow this "Brave New World" to enter our own.
Brett Wagner is president of the California Center for Strategic Studies (www.TheCaliforniaCenter.org).
Additional research was provided by CCSS analysts Jacob Shepard and Clay Fordahl.
( The video cited can be viewed in English, Italian or Arabic by clicking on
http://www.rainews24.it/.../in...llari_iraq.asp )
So you're an American and want to get out of Beirut?
So fork it over baby!
Our Ass in Chief at it again!
ITMFA!!!!!!
On ABC news just now, I saw a report by ABC news from an Israeli military helicopter, and then this ABC reporter interviewed the Israeli general (in his office), who said that Hezbollah has taken an entire Israeli city hostage, and that is the essence of terrorism. I'm not kidding. I'm just calling for FAIR coverage, not slanted one way or the other, by the corporate MSM.
Lindy #136
I think the key is to always change out quotation marks and asterisks on stuff you paste into the comment box.
So is Brad a jew? Am I a jew?
Or is a jew, now, someone who owns a media outlet?
What is the difference between a jew that owns a media outlet and a non-jew who owns a media outlet?
And how do blogs fit in ... ?
Don't kill the messenger ...
Sunshine Greenery #139
Your post is a pain ray.
One good thing about the Israeli invasion of Lebanon is that is shows how bad Iraq is.
The Israeli invasion has been going on for 7 or 8 days with perhaps 400 dead.
In a month at that rate it would be perhaps 1500 dead.
Iraq has had 3000 civilian deaths per month for the past two months (link here).
So the Iraq war is not all that bad says George The Liar, when an active and hostile war we are watching 34/7 on TV only results in half as many deaths.
Will the people buy this bu$hit? I think they will figure out that Baghdad has been burning with lies and with truth (link here).
Sunshine Greeny I feel your pain...
Just what we need: More propaganda outlets!
Frustrating
... Charlene said on 7/19/2006 @ 12:07 am PT...
#144 Dredd
I don't know what you're talking about.
If you do, spit it out.
... Laura said on 7/19/2006 @ 2:41 am PT...
Read this and weep, It looks like we do have world war III. Shit
http://news.yahoo.com/s/...ap_on_re_as/turkey_kurds
More confusion here. What should have been stated earlier is that the majority of US MSM (propoganda) outlets are under the control of Zionist extremists, be they Ashkenazim, or neocons, or AIPAC supporters - whatever!! I'd be extremely suprised to find an indigenous semite running a global news corporation - I may be wrong - please let me know!
So enough already with the "blame the jews' - defend the jews" mindset - this is a very powerful weapon of mass distraction! Judaism has nothing to do with it!
Again...Zionism is not Judaism!!!
I think you have misunderstood what Dredd was addressing with that post. It was directed to another poster, and he was questioning that.
I think we're all pretty much in agreement that Judaism is NOT the culprit, while Zionism almost certainly is.
#154 Agent 99
I looked up "Zionism" in the dictionary & it said, "A worldwide Jewish movement for the establishment & development of the state of Israel".
What is "Zionism" the culprit in exactly & what source/s have you used to arrive at that conclusion?
WinterPatriot says we don't just give opinions here--we back them up with sources.
If you don't erase my entry, can you tell us?
... Sunshine Greeny said on 7/19/2006 @ 6:16 am PT...
George Carlin:
"And people say, Oh, your conspiracy thing. Listen, don't be making fun of the word "conspiracy". It has meaning. Powerful people have convergent interests. They don't always need a meeting to decide on something. They inhabit the same clubs. They sit on the same boards. They have all this common ownership and they are very few in number. They control everything, and they do whatever they want. [Their] two-party system keeps the people at bay. They give them microwaves, fanny packs, sneakers with lights in the heels, dustbusters, to keep them distracted, keep them just calm enough that they're not going to try something...Scratch a cynic, you'll find a disappointed idealist. That really rang a bell with me. Within me there is this flame of wishing it were better, wishing people had better lives, that there was more of an authentic sharing and harmony with nature. So this thing that sometimes reads as anger to people is largely a discontent, a disappointment in what we have allowed to happen to us as a species and as a culture."
Hey Charlene: Agent 99 is sleeping but I can probably answer your question. It's a longish answer and it gets a bit twisty so I apologize for the length here and I ask you --- I ask everybody --- to pay close attention:
There are a many words in our language, words whose "dictionary definitions" differ from their "actual meanings". In some cases the differences are extreme.
For example: What does your dictionary say about "conservative"? ... you see what I mean? In the dictionary it appears to mean one thing, but in actual everyday use it often means something very different.
Often but not always, the reason why the dictionary definition and the actual meaning are very different is because some political group has deliberately decided to use the term to mean something other than what it appears to mean.
One can find many examples. For example: people who favor a woman's right to have an abortion call themselves "pro-choice". but people who oppose that right call themselves "pro-life". Are they really pro-life? Or do they just say so, because they don't want to call themselves "anti-choice"?
How about "family values"? What does that mean to you? To me it means making sure there is peace and harmony in the home, that the kids are fed and washed and loved, that the grandparents are respected and cared for, stuff like that. To some people in this country it means paying attention to what goes on in the neighbors' houses when the lights are off and the doors are closed. Huh?
I'll give you more more example: Look up "collateral" in the dictionary. Now look up "damage". Do you see anything in either of the definitions to suggest innocent civilians being burned or crushed to death?
I'm laboring my point a bit here for a reason. It's very important to understand that in politics words don't always mean what they appear to mean. That's part of the mystery of modern politics. It's conducted in a constantly-evolving semi-secret code. But I digress.
Let's talk about Zionism.
First let it be said that I am talking about Zionism as opposed to Judaism. This is not about race or religion or culture. It's about politics. It's about real estate and the acquisition thereof. There are Zionists of all stripes. Some are Jewish and others are not. Yes? Good. Onward.
Your dictionary tells you what "Zionist" means in the formal, or abstract, or technical sense. What it does not tell you is that there are people who don't fit that definition very well at all but who still call themselves "Zionists".
So it's a lot more complicated than it appears. Many "dictionary" Zionists are horrified to see what is being done in the name of Zionism, just as many "dictionary" conservatives are horrified to see what is being done in the name of Conservatism. And in both cases of course there are others who are so attached to their "ism" that they cannot see what is being done in its name for what it is.
In a nutshell, Zionism is no longer just one thing. There are all sorts of practitioners of all sorts of "Zionism".
Your dictionary won't help you here but you can read more about it in all kinds of places. I don't know of any source that I would trust completely, and absolutely. You have to read and think and make up your own mind.
Having said all that, if you want a good look at radical Zionism, the following link is a good place to start reading, IMVHO.
The author fails to mention the existence of traditional Zionists and speaks as though radical Zionism is all there is these days. From my limited and admittedly anecdotal knowledge, I would disagree with him on that point.
But his "take" on modern radical Zionism is ... well ... it's here:
http://www.serendipity.li/zionism.htm
Maybe by mentioning this, it will prevent it. But, watch out for psyops sinking an American evacuation tourist ship, for a "mini" PNAC Pearl Harbor, to rally the idiots.
more good articles
http://www.antiwar.com/lobe/?articleid=9323
BIG DAN something like this guy is talking about ?
Pentagon Papers Author Daniel Ellsberg Says Government May Have Carried Out 9/11
Predicts Bush Regime Will Stage Terrorist Attack to Provide Pretext for Iran, Syria Invasion, And Justify Internment Camps for American People.
http://www.infowars.com/...or_gov_maybe_did_911.htm
#153 Peacelover
This subject is not " a very powerful weapon of mass distraction".
Without any doubt, it's a major issue on this blog & in our country today.
We're all trying to find out why the US supports Israel so hugely & why Israel has escalated the violence recently against the Palestinians more than they ever have in 24 years--Why isn't there peace? What is the problem?
All these questions are central to understanding this issue before WWIII breaks out.
There is nothing wrong with Jewish people & nothing wrong with discussing this subject.
You don't have to worry. It's ok.
It's not right to try to twist it so it sounds like something bad is going on.
YOU & others try to turn an honest search for the truth into a guilt trip.
Why do you frame questions that don't exist?
"Enough already with the Blame the Jews--Defend the Jews mindset--this is a powerful weapon of mass distraction!"
you said, "Again, Zionism is not Judaism!!!"
(Nobody said it was.)
In reality, no one mentioned the religion of Judaism at all until YOU did & nobody is using this subject as a weapon!
There is nothing to be afraid of or ashamed of, any more than WE should be afraid of or ashamed to find out the truth about why we invaded Iraq, for instance.
It's our right.
Were we bashing Americans while we found out?
Well, some of them, yes.
Should we be ashamed of ourselves for it?
It's no secret that not all Americans are admirable.
Some are--some aren't.
Same as people anywhere.
Chill out.
Ironically, the more you try to stop open & honest discussion of this subject, the more you appear to be a Zionist yourself--if you see what I mean.
160: Yes, exactly. I like to try to think of things ahead of time, like sinking an American cruise liner to inflame the idiots against Iran. And I really believe, mentioning it ahead of time, may actually stop it. I think it may be the only way to stop it, and maybe it HAS stopped something, and we'll never know it. Weren't they predicting something a while back, and Alex Jones et all warned everyone that psyops or FEMA was congregating somewhere, and then nothing happened? That was a few months ago. We may never know it, but that may have prevented it...spreading the word that it may happen. It's well worth being called a "conspiracy theorist", if you saved some lives. Go ahead, and call me one...
Banned Fox News report - Israel spying on U.S. [Flash video]
A report of massive importance to U.S. citizens, yet this was banned before it got aired - Do you have to ask why?
Get it before it disappears.
#157 Winter Patriot
I noticed Agent99 blogged with others for at least an hour & 45 minutes after I asked my question, but chose not to answer me.
But I can understand that, it's ok.
You never did answer the question I had re Agent99's statement about what, exactly, Zionism is the culprit IN, but, boy oh boy, did I find out--just from reading your link!
There's all kinds of proof in the link you gave, that Zionism has taken over American Jewry & is at the heart of the problem with the Middle East.
I never dreamed it was that extensive!
Here's the newest entry from 7-19-06, in which 2 leading American academics claim US-Middle East policy has become unbalanced because of the activities of a right-wing pro Israeli lobby (AIPAC, American Israeli Public Affairs Committee),which tries to shut down critics by labelling them anti-Semitic.
One's name is John Mearsheimer, a WestPoint grad & senior Professor of Politics at the University of Chicago. The other is Professor Stephan Walt, academic dean of the Kennedy School of Politics at Harvard.
They tried to publish a critique of the Israel lobby in the US but had to go to England (like Greg Palast had to do I guess) instead.
The article is called "The Israel Lobby" & came out in March 2006 in the London Review of Books.
Alan Dershowitz immediately began attacking them in the press as " anti-Semitic."
In the article they imply there is a Jewish conspiracy to subvert American Foreign Policy.
Martin Indyk, former US Ambassador to Israel is part OF the lobby & he still acknowledges the power of the lobby in Congress.
Senate minority leader Harry Reid (D-Nev) stridently defended Israel too.
76% of American Jewry is concentrated in 6 cities of 6 states--Calif., Nev.,Penn.,Illinois, Ohio & Florida, with 181 electoral votes. It only takes 270 to elect the next President! That's 89 votes left to get!
It's about 80% of Congress (both Republicans AND Democrats)
This makes it virtually impossible to formulate foreign policy in the American national interest.
A man running for President will not dare offend their potent lobby.
Legislators in both branches bow to this pressure group.
In the 1973 war, a 36 hour phone blitz by I. L. Kenen, head of AIPAC, resulted in the immediate introduction of legislation to transfer 2.2 billion dollars of "Phantom jets" & other equipment in the quantities needed. An attempt to strip $500 million from the legislation was defeated when Kenen fired off 95 telegrams to House Appropriations & Foreign Affairs committee members.
Any decrease in $ was blocked in a similar fashion.
They were also blocked in Hawk sales to Jordan. And there were others examples.
I can't type all the names in our government--it's too long.
They say lawmakers resent it but have to live with it.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman J. William Fulbright incurred Zionist wrath in 1973 when he told "Face The Nation", "The Israelis control the policy of the Congress & the Senate. Somewhere around 80% of the Senate is in complete agreement with anything it wants."
The abnormal, unique relationship between Jews, the US & Israel has forged an "Israel-First Policy" which is an underlying factor in the continuing tensions besetting the Middle East & the Islamic world. (I told ya)
US security interests have become endangered & an emerging crisis has been thrust on everyone at home.
The enmity towards US, incurred in the Arab Muslim world, has eroded the measureless resevoir of goodwill stemming from the many educatiional & eleemosynary ( means supported by charity)institutions founded by America.
There was a lot more stuff, but I'm too tired to list it all right now.
This must mean that most of our problems stem from these Zionists because they control our government pretty much.
It also said MOST Jews are Democrats.
It explains why Dems don't "oppose" anything much.
And it explains why nothing will change if Dems get majority.
That also means ANY reform must get past these Zionists.
That won't happen.
It turns out to be like I thought--the system needs to be fixed by the People.
Nothing will ever change much--or for very long--legislators may throw us a bone now & then to keep us interested---but no real change will ever come from them.
They control media & government.
It must come from us.
We need to get everyone talking about this--so it's out in the open.
No more fears of being labeled anti-Semitic!!
We're all Americans.
National Initiative for Democracy.
www.ni4d.us
Big Dan #162:
In all likelihood, yes. I'm sure you remember the vague yet disturbing incident revolving around a staged nuke-terror drill in S.Carolina (if I recall correctly) that had the web buzzing with ugly rumors, made all the more plausible sounding by the invovlement of a lifer, four-star general who had been suddenly, mysteriously "fired" due to a supposed extramarital affair - which occurred after his divorce, it was later revealed - and the 'word' was that he led a coup against forces within the govt/military that were set to have the nuke-terror drill "go live."
I still remember that morning, and the first phone in on C-SPAN's WJ was a frantic woman, way off topic of course, warning everyone that it was planned for that day....freaky. So yeah, the more people that can at least attempt to be wary of grim possibilities could translate into lives saved. Who knows...?
sunshine: There was PLENTY of forewarning about 9/11, and no one publicized any of it. That was when we learned our lesson. It's going to be very hard for them to do something like that again, now that we are all "on to them"...
My friend who is very skeptical of 9/11 being an inside job, just said, "but what makes me think it WAS an inside job, is the fact that it hasn't happened since. How could there not be not even ONE terrorist event in the U.S. since 9/11, with thousands and thousands of terrorists and open borders???" Now, THAT is from the #1 skeptic I know...I never even thought of that myself...
You know what would be a good idea, but hard to do? Ram a jet you can afford to lose, into a skyscraper you can afford to lose...and see if it falls down "free fall" speed like in a vacuum, in it's own footprint, in less than an hour.
...THEN...see if an adjacent skyscraper next to it, falls down for no reason at all!!!!!!!!
Yeah, no need to work at convincing me of 9/11 man, you're preaching to the choir on that one. That it was an inside job is painfully, embarrassingly obvious. Most people I've spoken with over the yrs, family, friends, average folks, really don't have too much difficulty understanding that it was carried out as a needed pretext for all of our govt's Big Plans that were all set to go beforehand but required sufficient "justification."
For me, that alone was the major tipping point right there: there would be no way our govt would have had all those major plans drawn up for no reason at all, unless the "green-lighting" measures had been secured accordingly. Do you make extensive vacationing plans with no intention of going on the vacation? ... that's why everyone worked so diligently to ensure that the "right" admin was placed into power in 2000, and retained that position up to present. They're all in on it. Evil fuckers.
Sunshine Greeny
From Alternet.org
In his Farewll Adress, George Washington expressed the view that the greatest danger to American foreign relations would be the "passionate attachment" of influential Americans to a foreign power, which would orient US foreign policy for the benefit of that power to the detriment of the US.
This is just such a situation that currently exists.
Initiation of a MiddleEast war to solve Israeli security problems has been a long standing idea among Israeli rightest Likudniks (that's a political party in Israel).
At it's heart, the Likudnik oriented neocons argued for American involvement in such a war prior to the atrocities of 9/11/01. (We know about Wolfowitz & the rest wanting "a new Pearl Harbor" etc.)
Since 9/11, neocons have taken the lead in advocating such a war & they hold influential foreign policy & nat'l security positions in the Bush Adm.
If Israel & Jews were not involved there would be nothing extraordinary about this situation.
But that is not the case.
Noam Chomsky on DemocracyNow.org states, "Since 1982 & beyond the US regards Israel as virtally a militarized offshoot & protects it from criticm of it's actions & supports them, in fact, overtly supports expansion."
"The US has virtually alone been blocking the possiblility of diplomatic settlement, censure of Israeli crimes & atrocities."
The US just vetoed a UN Security Council resolution demanding Israel end it's military offensive in the Gaza strip.
8 of the last 9 vetoes have been cast by the US--7 of those were to do with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
From Chris Hedges who has been on Democracy Now from 7-19-06 an article called, "Mutually Assured Destruction in the Middle East"
The Middle East "will slip into a death spiral....unless those feuling the conflicts learn to speak another language.. other than violence".
"Palestinians have been reduced by Israel to a subsistence existence matched only by Africans'.
And the tools of repressoin against Palestinians now match those once imposed on South African blacks by the apartheid regime, with the exception that the South Africans never sent warplanes to bomb the townships."
"The escalating repression in Israel, like the escalating by the American occupiers in Iraq, has become the most potent recruiting tool for Islamic extremists."
"We cannot ascribe moral blame to all sides. Israel is the oppressor in Gaza, the West Bank & now Lebanon. America in Iraq."
"It was the decades long occupation & humiliatiion of Palestinians in Gaza & the West Bank by Israel that spawned & empowered Hamas & the brutal American occupation that has bred the legions of extremists in Iraq."
"When Hezbollah leader Nasrallah promises "open war" against Israel & Israeli leader Olmert says he won't cease his attack til 'Israel is secure', it's time to run because our best hope for peace is George Bush."
Yet, despite everything--the possible beginning of WWIII for god's sake--"thousands of 'American Jews' clogged New York streets leading to the UN in a massive show of support for Israel this past Monday morning!
The report says, "Senator Lautenburg & Senator Clinton, nobel laureate Elie Wiesel & numerous Jewish community leaders addressed the crowd:
Israeli Ambassador to the UN Dan Gillerman spoke first & said, "From this stage, I would like to send out a clear message to the UN & to those countries who claim 'we' (?) are using disproportionate force, I have only this to say--You're damn right we are!"
His comments drew wild applause from the thousands that came out, even in the sweltering heat, to lend support.
The overwhelming imporession was of a surge of support for Israel from different sectors of New York's Jews."
(Then they interview some stockbroker who agrees etc)
Needless to say, we need to speak out against this sick & misguided Zionist push for war & the Zionist takeover of the Jewish community lock stock & barrel!
You can tell your Representatives to sign the resolution introduced by Congressman Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio) called H-Con.Res 450.
It demands Bush call for cease fire & commit to multi-party negotiations. (Read it at truthdig.com)
This issue is not anti-Semitic.
This issue is THE biggest story of our day & needs to be out in the open if we are to prevent WWIII.
I like Jewish people just fine & don't want to make them uncomfortable any more than I would want to single out ANY group in America just to make them uncomfortable.
But damn people, there's a reason why we need to speak of this bad situation re AIPAC being allowed to pressure our govt into igniting WWIII.
This is way more important than ruffled feathers are!
Let em get over their sensitivity because I'm not going to ignore the Zionist takeover of American Jewry & also our government---hello?----our government---just so I don't rock the boat.
No one in America should feel intimidated from honestly seeking the truth & especially not when it involves preventing WWIII!
The Jewish people have nothing to feel ashamed about--any more than we need to feel ashamed of misguided or sick criminals from our own nationality.
Everybody's got em.
THE JEWS ARE NOT SPECIAL compared to any other nationality & there's no reason to treat them as such, walking on egg shells around them, ignoring the 'elephant in the living room' etc.
And especially not when its costing us dead sons & husbands with Armageddon looming around the corner.
Get a grip, people.
MSM won't address it--so we NEED to--it's our duty as citizens.
Hey Charlene,
Yes, well aware of the PNAC and their want of a "new Pearl Harbor," - and now perhaps yet another bigger justification still - and likewise aware of the subversion of Zionism, and am a long time reader of Chomsky and his astute, scientific approach to institutional analysis [conspiracy theory] haha
His breakdown of the media propaganda model should be taught in elementary classrooms. Speaking of which.....
CNN's up to its usual shenanigans and is fulfilling its Govt P.R. role by playing off the ignorance and indifference of the public:
Awhile ago they were pushing some "new poll numbers" [see: Power of Suggestion] claiming that the majority of Americans are supporting Israel's wholesale slaughter of Lebanese civilians i.e. doesn't think Israel's "retaliatory" response is disproportionate.
OBEY ... OBEY ... OBEY ... OBEY
http:// www.theofficialjohncarpen...tlstills03.html
(I like your name--it's fun)
Yea, Fox gives "poll numbers" a bad name.
More info about what Bush said at the G-8 on the open mike.
It's funny but sad too:
From the Nation 7-19-06 by Robert Scheer
"Open Mike, Closed Mind"
Bombs were exploding & innocents dying, from Beirut to Haifa to Baghdad & yet George Bush managed to pose smiling with thumbs up at the close of the G-8 summit.
Thanks to an unsuspected open mike, however, we could also glimpse the mindset of a leader unaccountably pleased with his ignorance of the world.
What seemed to interest him (besides the cheese & crackers)at that farewell get together of leaders bitterly divided over a disintegrating Mideast was not some last minute proposal for peace but rather the fact that it would take China Pres Ho Jintao 8 hours to fly home from St. Petersburg to Beijing.
Bush had started the exchange by noting, absurdly, that, "This is your neighborhood, doesn't take you long to get here."
Uh, yeah, incurious George, sure thing.
Never mind that St. Petersburg is in Europe on Russia's northwestern corner, due north of Turkey, & Beijing is on the eastern edge of mainland Asia.
"You, eight hours? Me too. Russia's a big country & you're a big country," he said.
When corrected, sounding for all the world like an earnest kindergartner processing new information, he said, "Russia's big & so is China."
His later remarks also showed his cluelessness about Israel's bloody assault on Lebanon, it's causes & possible solutions.
It was overheard, "See the irony is what they need to do is get Syria to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit & its over," refering to guerilla forces firing rockets into Israel.
"I felt like telling Kofi (UN leader)to get on the phone with (Syrian leader Bashir) Assad & make something happen."
Besides noting our President uses language the FCC would fine Howard Stern for when he represents us at big internat'l meetings--his profound ignorance is appalling.
Israel, Hamas, & Hezbollah all have their own hardcore agendas--Syria is just one player in the tortured region.
Furthermore, Bush's complete disinterest in the Mideast peace process--esp. as an "honest broker" between Israel & Palestinians--since the Supreme Court handed him the job in 2000, has paved the way for this moment.
But what is truly "ironic" is that the Bush Adm., having overstretched our military & generated no foreign policy ideas, has become a helpless bystander as the entire region threatens to burn.
He's a pip, isn't he?
They need to send someone that knows something along with him wherever he goes.
BVAC
1) You told someone above on this thread that AIPAC doesn't control our elections. But...
It's reported AIPAC does control 181 electoral votes out of the 270 needed to elect a president because 76% of American Jewry is concentrated in 6 cities; Calif, NewYork, Penn, Illinois, Ohio, & Florida.
80% of Congress, both Rep & Dem, are beholdin to them.
And a man running for President would not dare offend their potent lobby, nor legislators in either branch.
2) You continue to try to belittle my cool suggestion to have everyone fly their flags upside-down to show our distress with the govt. by making snarky remarks like:
#69 "I think flying our flags upside down will end all terrorism."
I told you once already I heard other blogs mention doing it too since I did.
Here's a summary of an article in The Progressive from 7-18-06 by Matthew Rothschild called, "Mother of Suicide Vet Flies Old Glory Upside Down"
4 months after returning home from Iraq Army reservist Jason Cooper hanged himself, & not even "patriotic" entreaties nor vandalism will stop his mother from flying the flag upside down.
His mother said, "We had a flag out the whole time Jason was in Iraq. Once he died, my boyfriend turned it upside down to protest everything that's happening with our govt."
Evidently, Jason had mental problems resulting from what he did/saw over there & went to get help at the VA but was turned away.
Just imagine BVAC--pretty soon all of America will be flying their flags upside down in solidarity to protest the war & our government!
... Laura said on 7/20/2006 @ 11:33 pm PT...
Charlene, Another article on the upside down flag: link.
... MMIIXX said on 7/21/2006 @ 12:12 am PT...
http://www.whatreallyhap...motherofallscandals.html
More evil shit from our govt:
http://www.firstamendmen...r.org/news.aspx?id=17178
FEMA muzzling La. trailer-park residents
MORGAN CITY, La. - Residents of trailer parks set up by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to house hurricane victims in Louisiana aren't allowed to talk to the press without an official escort, The (Baton Rouge) Advocate reported.
In one instance, a security guard ordered an Advocate reporter out of a trailer during an interview in Morgan City. Similar FEMA rules were enforced in Davant, in Plaquemines Parish.
FEMA spokeswoman Rachel Rodi wouldn't say whether the security guards' actions complied with FEMA policy, saying the matter was being reviewed. But she confirmed that FEMA does not allow the news media to speak alone to residents in their trailers.
"If a resident invites the media to the trailer, they have to be escorted by a FEMA representative who sits in on the interview," Rodi told the newspaper for its July 15 report. "That's just a policy."
Gregg Leslie, legal defense director for the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press, said FEMA's refusal to allow trailer-park residents to invite news media into their homes unescorted was unconstitutional.
Morgan City Mayor Timothy Matte told The Advocate that he was surprised residents were being barred from talking to reporters.
"I would think anyone who lives there would be allowed to have any visitor they wanted," he said.
FEMA leases the land for the trailer park from the city, Matte said. "It's public property. There's no question about that. You would think the people would have the same freedom there as everyone else has," he told the newspaper.
Hundreds of trailers at FEMA parks sit empty and unused in Louisiana, according to The Advocate.
Officials in Morgan City estimate that FEMA has spent about $7.5 million to build the trailer park but that only about 15 of the 198 trailers are being used.
"We all wonder why no one lives there," Matte said.
FEMA officials refuse to say how much was spent to build the park or why 183 of the trailers are vacant.
"We're not going to talk about cost," Rodi told the newspaper.
As in Morgan City, the 334-trailer FEMA park in Davant in Plaquemines Parish is greatly underused.
The north side of the park is empty, and 92 families live in the south side, Rodi said, adding that the empty trailers would be removed.
"We put them there at the parish's request," she said. "Now we've found that the need is not as great there or that people don't want to live there."
The trailers are going to be put on private property or in private parks in the parish as needed, Rodi said. She refused to disclose how much the park cost to build.
Meanwhile, Plaquemines Parish President Benny Rousselle blamed FEMA, in part, for the slow return of residents to the parish.
Rousselle said FEMA knows where many evacuees relocated after the storm but won't give that information to parish officials.
"FEMA told us because of privacy issues, they can't give us the addresses of our residents who are spread out in all 50 states. And no one but FEMA has that information," Rousselle said. "If we could contact them, I think a lot of them would come back if they knew we had places for them to live."
"Any dictator would admire the uniformity and obedience of the (U.S.) media. The rascal multitude are the proper targets of the mass media and a public education system geared to obedience and training in needed skills, including the skill of repeating patriotic slogans on timely occasions.
The smart way to keep people passive and obedient is to strictly limit the spectrum of acceptable opinion, but allow very lively debate within that spectrum - even encourage the more critical and dissident views. That gives people the sense that there's free thinking going on, while all the time the presuppositions of the system are being reinforced by the limits put on the range of the debate...As long as people are marginalized and distracted [they] have no way to organize or articulate their sentiments, or even know that others have these sentiments. People assume that they are the only people with a crazy idea in their heads. They never hear it from anywhere else. Nobody's supposed to think that. ... Since there's no way to get together with other people who share or reinforce that view and help you articulate it, you feel like an oddity, an oddball. So you just stay on the side and you don't pay any attention to what's going on. You look at something else, like the Superbowl." ~ Noam Chomsky
Manufacturing Consent:
http:// www.thirdworldtraveler.co...ng_Consent.html
Propaganda and the public mind:
http:// www.thirdworldtraveler.co...PublicMind.html
"So what's the real story? The fact is that conservatives have powerful friends in the media: the corporations that own them, and the corporations that pay for their advertising. These giant firms have been increasingly successful in bending the media's message to suit their self-interests, which include a conservative and pro-corporate agenda. Studies show that the media are eerily silent on the issues most important to workers, consumers and other citizens adversely affected by corporate behavior. Conservatives respond to these charges with (old) polls showing that most journalists are personally liberal, but these polls are outdated. New polls show the majority of journalists are centrists. And of those who are not centrists, there are more conservatives than liberals on economic issues. We'll explore more of this question below..."
http://www.huppi.com/kangaroo/L- ...iberalmedia.htm
"In a careful 1999 study published in the academic journal Communications Research, four scholars examined the use of the "liberal media" argument and discovered a fourfold increase in the number of Americans telling pollsters that they discerned a liberal bias in their news. But a review of the media's actual ideological content, collected and coded over a twelve-year period, offered no corroboration whatever for this view. The obvious conclusion: News consumers were responding to "increasing news coverage of liberal bias media claims, which have been increasingly emanating from Republican Party candidates and officials."
The right is working the refs. And it's working. Much of the public believes a useful but unsupportable myth about the so-called liberal media, and the media themselves have been cowed by conservatives into repeating their nonsensical nostrums virtually nonstop..."
http:// www.makethemaccountable.c...iberalMedia.htm
http://www.thenation.com/doc/200...30224/ alterman2
A MUST!: http://www.projectcensored.org/
Orwell Rolls In His Grave DVD:
http://www.amazon.com/gp...;&v=glance&n=130
Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media/DVD:
Start blogging on the new open thread.
... JUDGE OF JUDGES said on 7/21/2006 @ 1:13 pm PT...
hamas or hezbollah = cancer
#175 Laura
It seems the idea of every American flying their flag upside-down in solidarity to protest the war & our near-fascist corrupt govt., is such a good idea, that there is now the beginnings of organized, undercover prevention techniques going on.
It IS a great idea!
EVERYONE can show their disgust with George&Co. easily. You don't even have to make a phone call or write a letter or demonstrate, or send money.
Just go outside & flip it.
What a potent, undeniable, & profound statement we Americans could make against what George has done in our name.
Power to the People!
MMIIXX #176
Thanks, again, for your links.
I'd heard about Israeli spies & our govt letting them off before--but I never knew it was this extensive.
I read in the May issue of The Nation an article by Eric Alterman called "AIPAC's Complaint".
It said AIPAC & big oil form our foreign policy, period.
....with AIPAC winning if it came to a duel.
I've begun writing to any Jewish organizations I find & also news media, to beg them to please help us stop WWIII by having the courage to speak out against this extreme Zionist takeover & what it's costing our nation.
Which is America, not Israel, I remind them.
I tell them I totally understand protecting Israel--which is their homeland. I want to protect my homeland too. But that this aggression/war against the oppressed Palestinians & Lebanon is wrong--it's gone too far--putting our entire world in danger. That's not right.
I tell them that maybe the leftover psychological effects of the Holocaust makes them overly vigilant & overly determined that they'll never be dumped on again. On the order of Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind when she thrust her fist up in the air & vowed, "I'll never be hungry again!" I understand that too.
However, I say, flirting with Armageddon & killing people in war is way too much--I'm revoking the pass they've been enjoying by playing their Holocaust card.
The Holocaust WAS horrible & I feel terrible for them that it happened---however, so is what THEY'RE doing now--to another group of people.
That's irony.
It really needs to come from the Jews first--otherwise the news media will holler anti-Semite to whatever we say.
Why don't they speak up?
This is way more important than being afraid to ruffle feathers
U.S. Arming of Israel: How U.S. Weapons Manufacturers Profit From Middle East Conflict
Israeli Peace Movement: Never reported on in the MSM...
Ralph Nader: U.S. Carries "Inescapable Responsibility" for "Israeli Government's Escalating War Crimes"
I can't recall seeing more bunk about why the MSM is the way it is than attributing it to ownership by Jews.
What a classical false frame!
John Doe owns an MSM outlet.
John Doe committed a crime.
Therefore MSM outlet owners are criminals.
This is the gutter of "logic", and in fact is nothin more than the spewing of fallacy.
For those who care to be free of fallacy, here are some discussions of the types of fallacies (link here, or here).
Why didn't you ever answer me re the seemingly existential question you put to me about Who is a Jew? Am I? Are you? etc.
If you feel so strongly, why didn't you answer?
You're beatin a dead horse.
There's way too many facts--if you've been reading it-- to back up what's been going on & NO NEED to go all extreme on me.
You falsely framed the question, my man.
It's not a crime to slant the news to favor a subject you care about if you are in a position to do so.
It's only unethical & morally wrong.
Journalists & news station owners know this, as do we---and you know it too.
Isn't that what we've been talking about for ages here?
... Laura said on 7/22/2006 @ 1:48 pm PT...
Whoever fixed my link at #175, Thank You!
I can't believe how clueless some folks are . . . . . The Heebs must clean house in lebanon. . .
Some won't support their opinions---instead they choose to just disrespect you & run.
I guess we just have to wait for them to grow up one day & have the courage to explain themselves.
... JUDGE OF JUDGES said on 7/22/2006 @ 10:17 pm PT...
Charlene do you think for a minute the laundry heads would hesitate to nuke Israel ? ? ?
I have maybe ONE small reservation in that the timing my be to the advantage of the gop.
"Laundry heads" is demeaning to a people.
If what you say is true--it's even more reason for Israel to ceasefire, sit down & negotiate this once & for all.
More violence will NOT settle anything--not for long. Even if one side "wins" for now.
The only way to get Peace
Is to work for Justice. Period.
"The only way to get Peace is to work for Justice"
Sorry, but justice doesn't exist - and Western justice is little more than a contrived value system perpetually abused by the wealthy to keep the uneducated serfs from rising up against them. The word Privilege literally means private law. So, one rule for the rich...etc.
IMHO, the only way to get peace is to be peaceful. Maybe a few organised "do nothing" days could get the ball rolling. No taxes = no revenue for illegal wars. And speaking of taxes - check out Aaron Russo talking about his latest film America: From Freedom to Fascism. A must see!!
Other than that, I very much agree with your posts.
... JUDGE OF JUDGES said on 7/24/2006 @ 9:08 am PT...
Charlene isn't "Heebs" "demeaning to a people" also or are U a Hypocrite. . .
Fallacy:
The race of the owner of an MSM outlet determines the news it exudes
Hakiim, owner of an MSM outlet is not a caucasian
Therefore Hakiim will not exude caucasian news
There is no such thing as caucasian "news" ... because the difference between "news" and "propaganda" is bias.
One should clearly delineate between news and propaganda when speaking of the MSM.
My observation of the MSM is that they differ in political characteristics, not racial characteristics, as a factor that skews news into propaganda in varying degrees.
I do not go to a black owned MSM outlet to find black news, nor to a christian owned MSM outlet to find christian news (Christian Science Monitor does not do christian only news), etc. etc.
I posted some time back a revelation about the Iraqi government and that Iran had been instrumental in forming it while the US focused on Iraqi oil:
It was around 9 pm on the 11th of April when we finally saw the footage of Saddam’s statue being pulled down by American troops- the American flag plastered on his face. We watched, stunned, as Baghdad was looted and burned by hordes of men, being watched and saluted by American soldiers in tanks. Looking back at it now, it is properly ironic that our first glimpses of the ‘fall of Baghdad’ and the occupation of Iraq came to us via Iran- through that Iranian channel.
We immediately began hearing about the Iranian revolutionary guard, and how they had formed a militia of Iraqis who had defected to Iran during the Iran-Iraq war. We heard how they were already inside of the country and were helping to loot and burn everything from governmental facilities to museums. The Hakims and Badr made their debut, followed by several other clerics with their personal guard and militias, all seeping in from Iran.
Today they rule the country.
(Baghdad Burning Article, bold added). Our CIA (citizens intelligence agency) lady in Baghdad was correct:
According to a report in today's Washington Times, a squadron is being formed among Iraqi Shi'ite militia members to go to Lebanon. The forces plan to support the Hezbollah insurgents in their ongoing incursions with Israel. As many as 1,500 are expected to join the squadron.
(link here, bold added). Politics and war make strange bedfellows ...
Work for Justice to me means sitting down to negotiate what is as fair as is possible to all concerned. Everyone has a right to exist--not just some.
Nobody is ever going to make up for all the death & suffering, God help us.
But to me, until ALL realize that violence will not ever solve problems long term--we're all in for a hellish time.
Ok J of J, if you insist.
You get TWO thrashings with a wet noodle.
One for "laundry heads" & another for "Heebs".
No wait--you can have THREE thrashings--another for calling me "clueless", especially when your insult has no information to back it up.
No not "race".
It's more accurate to say the owners of most outlets have a shared, personal interest in the same subject--be it Israel, Bush, or corporate goals. Those personal interests that they protect are not in the best interests of the country. Their job as journalists is to tell us the truth, the facts, the big picture. (It IS difficult not to show bias in some stories. That's why they go to journalism school--to learn the difference.)It's our job to decide what's in our best interests--not them.
"Hakiim" is going to "exude", as you say, news that makes him & his interests look good, if he is in a position to do so & no one MAKES him tell ALL the news--or tell all the facts.
The government got rid of the Fairness Doctrine & the laws limiting media ownership just so no one can MAKE "Hakiim" tell it like it is ever again.
It used to be you could complain to the FCC when some story or station slanted the news/left stuff out etc. And the FCC would fine that station--because they had laws. You have to present the news fairly--as much as possible. Now, your complaint goes straight to file 13 at the FCC--the trashcan. They have no power to make anyone be fair at all.
That was the point in changing the laws--they knew what would happen, because that's why they put those laws in place to begin with years ago--to prevent "Hakiim" from slanting/editing/twisting/omitting whatever he wanted to in order to form public opinion the way "Hakiim" wants it, or to hide what "Hakiim" wants hidden.
Which, of course, is in what "Hakiim" decides are his own best interests.
Honestly Dredd, I don't understand why you're arguing this point because it's so obvious.
Yes, I've read where even the Shi-ites & the Sunnis in Iraq (who don't like each other at all) are banding together against Israel's aggression--because they said "We're all Muslims"--& because Israel & the US work together as one & the same in their eyes--well, in deed they really do.
Charlene "sit down & negotiate" you say, as long as I can remember atleast 30 yrs I have yet to see the muslums make any concesion or even honor an agreement with Isreal. . . . . seems to me you can't negotiate wit muslums.
JOJ: I have also been paying attention to this situation for decades and it seems to me that the only thing both sides agree on is:
It's all their fault. We have never done anything wrong. They keep attacking us and we are only trying to defend ourselves. Every time we try to make peace they attack again. They are no better than dogs.
How can anyone negotiate anything in such an atmosphere?
Democrats do not speak at the Republican National Convention for Republicans, who are the opponents of Democrats
Zell Miller is a Democrat
Therefore Zell Miller will never speak at the Republican National Convention for Republicans against Democrats
In symbolic and similar logic if the premise is flawed any deductive reasoning will likewise be flawed.
It's more accurate to say the owners of most outlets have a shared, personal interest in the same subject–be it Israel, Bush, or corporate goals.
(post 197, bold added).
This is a classic fallacy:
The basic idea behind the fallacy is that the fact that most people do X is used as "evidence" to support the action or practice.
(Appeal To Common Belief Fallacy, bold added).
Your argument from the beginning, as I have said from the beginning, has no nexus. This means it also has the characteristics of the Confusing Cause and Effect fallacy.
When I say fallacy, I do not mean lie. I simply mean that the premise and deductions from it are flawed and have no basis in logic.
You do not have to be a follower of logic, and I am not demanding that you be one. I think it is like what Jackson, president of the Southern States (Rebels) said, when someone told him he had mispelled a word. He said:
It is a damn poor mind that can figure but one way to spell a word.
Each to his or her own can only go so far ... before one runs into the other.
Seems to me somebody was wanting some support for sweeping statements about Zionism... hmmmm... not that we needed any, really....
Creating Israel to begin with, recognizing Israel to begin with, supplying them with military aid to begin with, will ever make this kind of strategizing seem, or be, depending on one's point of view, warranted.
What's wrong with us that we don't see the merits? Are we crazy? Or have we never looked deeply enough into this issue of our own creation? The neo-cons didn't start this, but they sure do have some monstrous ways in mind to end this.
If you have one--please, say it in one sentence.
This round about, logic, existential thing is all to make the point that WHAT?
If you can't say it in one sentence--you don't know what you're trying to say.
The only reason I said MOST outlets & not ALL outlets--is because I believe one mega corporation was left out of the ones I listed the owners/producers/editors of. Maybe I listed all of them, I can't remember it was a while ago. That's it.
#203 Agent99
When I asked what you meant by "Zionism" being "the culprit in " something ( the same way you & WinterPatriot asked ME to defend my opinion )--you refused to explain by blogging for an hour and 45 minutes with others after I asked you, but ignoring your duties as temporary editor & as any other blogger should, to answer.
You thereby ducked your responsibility to explain yourself & to be fair---especially since you & WinterPatriot, working as a team, had just recently asked me to explain my opinion.
It appears you enjoy the 'slashing comments' part of temporary editorship way more than you enjoy the 'splainin' yourself part.
Then WinterPatriot put up a link to Zionism in your name because he said there was no place that explains it well--but he didn't explain it either, and you both avoided the point--which was to explain the statement you made that I asked about:
Exactly what is "Zionism the culprit in", Agent99?
It's not right that temporary editors demand certain bloggers meet a higher standard than they intend to meet themselves.
Re your entry---I wonder what you're talking about
with your mysterious "somebody".. "wanted support",.."hmmmm".., "creating Israel..recognizing Israel....supplying Israel...will ever make this strategizing seem...warranted."
Who is somebody? What strategizing?
"Are we crazy" for not "seeing the merits"..."into this issue"..."of our own creation"
What issue? What merits?
"..the neocons didn't start this"
Who did?
Why are you & Dredd suddenly all mealy-mouthed?
You never had problems being clear before.
We're trying not to offend you, Charlene. You go postal when you don't understand, and think it's our fault. Everytime you don't understand, you get angry and rude. I ignored you so as not to be angry and rude back. Dredd has been perfectly clear, and I really don't think my statements about Zionism being behind it need explaining to most people. You've gotten a really good education in the term, and I just gave you a link that talks about how it bears on the problem. When we ask you to clarify something, it isn't always because we are dense, and sometimes when you ask for clarification, it's pure combativeness. Dredd has been very kind in his most recent comments. Please, quit blaming us for your own failure to take a point.
Careful, Charlene: you're on the verge of slandering people. Well, at least one person, anyway. And he doesn't like it at all.
Pardon my French, but WTF is this BS?
WinterPatriot put up a link to Zionism in your name because he said there was no place that explains it well
FIRST: I have never posted anything in Agent99's name. I simply answered a question that was directed to her. I actually thought I was doing you both a favor. Silly me.
SECOND: I never said there was no place that explains it well. There are plenty of places that explain it very well, and I directed you to one of them.
What I actually said was:
I don't know of any source that I would trust completely, and absolutely. You have to read and think and make up your own mind.
And that is true of anything --- everything. There is no page on the web --- not even on this blog --- that you should trust completely and absolutely. You always have to read and think and make up your own mind.
I hope this is all quite clear. And I also hope that you will be much more careful in the future about how you characterize the comments of others.
99 #206
Nothing in # 205 is rude.
This is just your response to hearing the truth.
I go "postal" & "angry" & "rude" when I (?) "don't understand"?
Remember 99, when WP SAID YOU, repeat YOU, were mistaken because a spelling error was misconstrued.
You said I called some guy names & treated him badly & I demanded you name what names or how I mistreated him. I explained myself, & successfully so, according to WP.
Yet your response was to edit MY entire comment & you characterized it to everyone as "vitriol" (after you had already run me down to one & all over something I didn't do,) but you still thought it was ok to slip in your own justification--which WP said was MISTAKEN--hello, MISTAKEN, after deleting MINE. THEN you had the nerve to charactrerize me as always being mad.
WP SAID it was a mistake--yours, BTW. You mistakenly thought I did something I didn't do.--but you never owned up to all the rude things you said to me & about me over it.
That's slander--accusing me of name-calling & treating someone badly--always being mad--all because you had it wrong.
That's YOU gettin it wrong--again--& being rude.
I don't respect that.
Despite all the smiley faces you plaster everywhere--you have a darker side.
My comments are in defending myself--not ganging up on others for no reason at all.
Truth be told, it really irritated you when I said I don't believe all the in-jokes slung around are attractive to new bloggers.
That seemed to set you off on me--again.
You got that comment all twisted up too, & came back at me that there's no "in-crowd" here & we need humor. Once again, you had it all wrong. I didn't say anything like that. Yet you told me off. Said I went "on & on" about that guest blogger guy--when, in fact, I spoke of it again because WP ASKED me about it.
You were wrong about all of that too, & you said snarky things about me & never admitted you were wrong.
Who, exactly, is being dumped on here?
My question was very legit because your statement was very confusing.
Let me point out--I can't stress this enough--We're going through all this crap because you refuse to answer the question.
Plain & simple.
#207 WP
The tag team gangs up on & strikes (Charlene) with a one, two punch once again.
You wait til you bury the thread & then take your opportunity to snipe at Charlene--once again.
Well, you can always just erase whatever I say, characterize it as "vitriol", & make your own (erroneous) point while erasing mine.
Threatening me with slander now too, eh WP?
(All this rather than just answer an honest question when it was first asked.)
Slander has to be false.
Not the case here.
Pardon MY french (because if I, myself, were to say "WTF"--I'd get another raft of "Charlene's gone postal" & is way "rude" from the tag team)
I'll tell you just "WTF" this is about, my man:
First, you claimed 99 was sleeping, so YOU said you would answer a question for her.
Isn't that the definition of "in her name"--you answered a question put to her?
What is in that phrase that got you all up on your high horse about?
I don't get it.
99 now says she ignored the question on purpose.
So, you lied, WinterPatriot. You said she was asleep. She says she was too angry & rude to answer.
Well, some might suspect the reason she didn't answer the question wasen't all that noble.
Second, you directed me to a link that you said explained "radical Zionism". I took that to mean you make a distinction between (good) Zionism & "radical" Zionism, & that you didn't have a link for what "good" Zionism is about--so you gave me one for the radical type.
I figured that means the politically correct way to talk about what AIPAC has done to our foreign policy is to label them "extreme Zionists" as opposed to the regular Zionists.
You know, this entire subject is very important for Americans & others to understand so they know what's going on in our world right now & to understand what our country's response should be.
Seems like you & 99 know all about it from your statements, but you're both tight lipped & still refuse to explain.
Does Brad keep his knowledge all to himself about election fraud?
No, I'm not the only one reading this blog that's confused about this entire subject.
However, I AM the only one TAKING THE HEAT FOR TRYING TO FIGURE IT OUT!
What is wrong with this picture, temporary editors?
Is this situation kosher?
Gang banging me sure takes the focus off what you're doing wrong doesn't it?
Charlene: I have said it before but I will say it again: Nobody is ganging up on you. You made a very broad --- and controversial --- statement a few days ago and I asked you to explain it, the same as I would do with anyone else; and that was all. I know that you and 99 have been scrapping and I have tried to moderate that dispute. If this is a crime then call the cops.
Everything in your recent post pertaining to my supposedly lying to you, and persecuting you, is entirely in your imagination. I am sorry to have to say this, but it's true. And nobody ever solved any problems by lying about them. As we are seeing elsewhere.
As for your most recent post, I won't take the time to refute all of it but I will quote a representative sample which illustrates your failure to grasp the simple realities here.
You wait til you bury the thread & then take your opportunity to snipe at Charlene–once again.
In fact I objected to something you said in comment #205 and I said so in comment #207. If that's waiting till the thread is buried then I suppose that's what it is ... to you. But not to any rational observer, surely.
Your heart seems to be in the right place, most of the time, but you clearly need to decompress. So ... the best advice I can give you is to take a break from blogging for a while, and try to regain your composure.
And now, if you will kindly excuse me, I have some very important things to do.
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Tags: mental-health crack-cocaine amphetamines drug-abuse
National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 2-Year R-DAS (NSDUH-2002-2003)
This file includes data from the 2002 through 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) survey. The only variables included in the data file are ones that were...
National Survey on Drug Use and Health: 10-Year Substate R-DAS (NSDUH-2002-2011)
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH-2015)
The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) series (formerly titled National Household Survey on Drug Abuse) primarily measures the prevalence and correlates of drug use...
This file includes data from the 2002 through 2009 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) survey. The only variables included in the 8-year 2002-2009 data file are ones...
National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2002
youths (23)
tranquilizers (23)
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substance-abuse (23)
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health-care (21)
depression-psychology (16)
demographic-charact... (16)
pain-relievers (7)
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YK’s Small Business of the Year 2020!
Advertisement.
$90,000 raised in the memory of Robin Mercer-Sproule
Published: December 29, 2020 at 7:47am Ollie Williams December 29, 2020
Traci Mercer-Sproule, seated, with a cheque in memory of wife Robin. Photo: Stanton Territorial Hospital Foundation
Robin Mercer-Sproule’s lasting legacy to northerners continued taking shape this month, as a fund in her name provided $90,000 to the Stanton Territorial Hospital Foundation.
Robin passed away in May at the age of 56. She had stage four metastasized breast cancer, a condition that required numerous courses of chemotherapy.
In keeping with her wishes, the money raised on her behalf will be used to improve conditions for future chemotherapy patients in the NWT.
Traci Mercer-Sproule, Robin’s wife, had the honour of sitting in a new power recliner purchased for Stanton Territorial Hospital’s chemotherapy unit at a ceremony earlier this month.
Traci Mercer-Sproule in a power recliner purchased using funds from the Robin’s Nest initiative. Photo: Stanton Territorial Hospital Foundation
The recliner is one of five paid for through funds raised to remember Robin.
Patty Olexin-Lang, executive director of the hospital foundation, said each $6,500 chair would provide a more comfortable experience for patients who need to spend long periods undergoing chemotherapy.
“Patients have been using the chairs for about six weeks now and are thrilled with their quality, comfort, and especially the bonus heat and massage functions,” she said.
The fundraiser, dubbed Robin’s Nest, was established by friends and family following Robin’s passing. A procession of vehicles through Yellowknife also took place in her memory.
The money raised included $7,000 from this summer’s Adlair Aviation ladies’ golf tournament.
“The foundation would like to express our utmost gratitude for the Robin’s Nest fundraiser in memory of Robin and we are thrilled to have her wish come true with the new chairs. We know she would be thrilled,” said Olexin-Lang.
$57,500 from Robin’s fund has yet to be assigned. Olexin-Lang said the foundation would continue to work with the hospital and its chemotherapy unit to determine the best fit for that money.
Ollie Williams
Cabin Radio's head of programming and news. Click here to contact Ollie. More »
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Gibson, Neal cover for Hill on CAPSLO dustup
Following a feud between County Supervisor Adam Hill and the Community Action Partnership of San Luis Obispo County (CAPSLO), board of supervisor chairman Bruce Gibson and county counsel Rita Neal came to Hill’s defense claiming the controversial supervisor had always recused himself from issues regarding homeless services.
However, multiple videos of board meetings show Hill participating in discussions about funding homeless services, even though, at the time, his girlfriend was the director of the county’s homeless services program. Public officials are suppose to recuse themselves, meaning they do not participate in discussion or votes regarding an issue, when they have a conflict of interest.
At Tuesday’s board of supervisors meeting, several speakers reprimanded Hill for personal attacks he launched on CAPSLO executives after they demoted his fiance Dee Torres in March from her position as homeless services director. After public comment, Gibson said that although he did not agree with Hill’s remarks, Hill had always recused himself from board matters pertaining to CAPSLO and homeless services. Neal, too, said that Hill had always recused himself.
A review of board meetings, however, shows that Hill has often participated in hearings on funding for homeless services, much of which goes to CAPSLO.
In December 2012, Hill participated in a preliminary hearing on the distribution of U.S. Housing and Urban Development (HUD) grant funds in which several CAPSLO employees made requests for funding. Hill argued that distributing grants to a smaller number of nonprofits would benefit the county.
When the board awarded the grant money a few months later, Hill again participated in the discussion, arguing the county should divert funds away from an Oceano drainage project and spend them instead on homeless services. When asked for his vote on the matter, he said he was abstaining.
Last December, Hill stayed behind the dais but did not comment during a hearing on HUD grant funds. However, in Dec. 2011, he chaired the hearing on distribution of HUD money.
Earlier that year, Hill chaired another hearing on funding allocations for nonprofits. During the June 2011 meeting, Hill accused North County Connection, a nonprofit competing with CAPSLO for money, of racism, anti-semitism and homophobia while the board considered a funding reduction for the organization.
Since then, Hill has at times recused himself and left the dias and at other times voiced his support for funding programs dealing with CAPSLO and homelessness.
On Tuesday, Gibson and Neal also said that Hill would, in the future, recuse himself from all matters pertaining to CAPSLO.
Last September, Hill cast a vote to award CAPSLO a $361,347 mental health services contract, a contract CAPSLO would not have received without Hill’s vote. Two months prior, he voted in favor of awarding the nonprofit a $1.5 million childcare contract.
Hill did not comment Tuesday about his past approach to board hearings dealing with CAPSLO funding or to the criticism of his reaction to Torres’s demotion.
Subjects: Adam Hill Community Action Partnership of San Luis Obispo Conflict Of Interest homeless San Luis Obispo County U.S. Housing and Urban Development
Hearst home for sale at $135 million
Cal Poly drops game 1 to UCSB
Consider the sly way this was worded: at Tuesday’s board meeting, ” …several speakers reprimanded Hill for personal attacks he launched on CAPSLO executives …”
WHO were these “several speakers” ? Are they the usual peanut gallery of loonies that ALWAYS show and shout ? …The nutcake fringe always plying for attention, and print ?
DEMAND names attached to stories …and if none provided, don’t believe the regurgitation.
Adam Hill is not perfect, but he is not the perfect Devil, either.
MaryMalone
What a ridiculous comment! Why are you criticising one news outlet, CCN, f2f or this ludicrous requirement?
I have never read a news story which indicated a group of people spoke for or against an issue, with the article then listing the names of the people who spoke.
Can you imagine an article about 1000 people protesting a government action, with the article including the names of the 1000 people?
What a bunch of crazy ass clowns!
The sad thing is it gets worse the higher you go.
We got Gibson playing hide the salami with his assistant, Adam “Elbow Patches” Hill drunk dialing people and behaving like a spoiled ten year old. In Sacramento we got Senator Leland Yee, trying to ban our guns while engaged in an illegal gun running operation, Senator Calderon indicted for corruption and Senator Wright charged with perjury for lying about not living in the district he represents. In Washington we have an IRS that intimidates the opponents of the president, an NSA that feels the 4th amendment doesn’t apply to them, a Congress that made up of local thieves sent by their constituents to raid headquarters.
For the life of me I can’t figure out why a revolution hasn’t broken out.
Paso_citizen
How can anyone that has any knowledge of the BOS shenanigans be the least bit surprised at this latest chapter. The only real surprise (actually shock) is that the voters
keep on re-electing these buffoons. Maybe it is how we get our laughs to get us thru another day in “the greatest place on Earth”. Or maybe we just don’t give a flying flip about it. Whichever it is – Gibson, Hill and the rest know that and know that they can do or say anything with an extremely small chance of being voted out.
So every one can complain all they want; but if you really want to see whom to really blame, just go look in a mirror.
False analogy Strawman.
Just more right-wing hyperbole.
After careful consideration, the Bruce / Adam side show is more like Abbott & Costello.
I can just picture them doing the “Whose on First” routine and the next BOS meeting.
Oops…Who’s
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Santa Barbara settles police brutality case
The Santa Barbara City Council agreed to pay a man $120,000 in a police brutality case that was settled out of court in just one of two cases filed against an officer who has since left the force.
In 2011, Santa Barbara Police Officer Aaron Tudor was attempting to arrest Tony Denunzio, 53, when he said the suspect resisted arrest. As he subdued Denunzio, Tudor tased him 13 times and broke his nose and three of his ribs.
Denunzio was never convicted of a DUI, the reason for his 2011 arrest.
Tony Denunzio’s arrest caught on a police camera
A month after Tudor arrested Denunzio, Tudor along with several other officers was arresting Britteny Cotledge, 19, regarding a car accident the teen had after leaving a party. The teen resisted arrest and while bending her over the hood of his car, Tudor broke her arm.
Another officer on the scene vomited following the loud sound the breaking bone made.
On Tuesday, the Santa Barbara City Council agreed to settle with Denunzio for $120,000. In addition, the council agreed to pay Cotledge $50,000. Cotledge has not currently agreed to a the settlement offer.
Subjects: police brutality Santa Barbara Santa Barbara City Council Santa Barbara Police Department
SLO to issue back-to-school fines to rowdy students
San Luis Obispo County makes the top 5 student truancy list
Was the former officer ever tested for Juice? (Steroids)
NorthCountyGuy
Good reason to always carry a camera on your person or in your car.. Photograph every thing. Photography is not a crime..
r0y
That is exactly why so many Russians all have cameras in their cars: the police there are so corrupt, it’s just a way of life that you record their every move and word. Pretty sad that the United States of America is following so close behind, in terms of corrupted, militarized police forces.
It used to be one or two bad apples spoiling the bunch, but I no longer believe there is a “bunch” left to spoil; I think we’re coming close to the one or two decent, honest ones making the bunch look unspoiled.
Perhaps….but I do notice a common theme in all of these ‘abuse’ cases. They resisted.
Glad to know we are sending a message that’s its o.k. to resist arrest.
One of the good things to come of the trend towards video taping everything is that CLAIMS of resisting arrest are often shown to be false. It is sad but we have evolved a “justice” system where many police feel it is OK to exaggerate or lie if they fail to exercise reasonable restraint or otherwise act in an unprofessional manner.
I am all for requiring police officers to have recording systems — for video and voice — operating whenever they are on duty. Such devices must be reliable and connected to storage media that is accessible only for purposes of viewing the recordings. Failure to turn them on should be automatic grounds for suspicion of misconduct and repeated failures grounds for dismissal. Gaps and alterations in the recordings should be grounds for an outside investigation. (I would say for a Grand Jury Investigation but in this county their recommendations seem to be toothless at best and distracted by DAs with biases on occasion. )
Those cops that are acting professionally and doing things right should have nothing to fear as such recordings will prove their case convincingly. Those that aren’t will have to change or find a job more appropriate to their character and skills when they are shown for what they are. Maybe they could work as cops in some country that is a bit further down the line towards fascism than ours.
Funny I don’t see anything mentioned about Officer Tudor being fired, demoted or suspended; I wonder if he still works for the Santa Barbara PD? If not, they may be hiring in Ferguson …
winedude
First paragraph says the officer is no longer part of SBPD.
kayaknut
But is he part of another PD?, because it sounds like he should not be part of any PD anywhere.
Thank you; I reread the article more closely, and you are correct, he has left the force.
Theo P. Neustic
Typical response that I’d expect from you but the Ferguson officer got the crap beat out of him before he shot that thug who was coming back to do more. But hey, why let facts get in the way of your agenda?
Vote Up-1Vote Down
I would recheck your information source for that. I don’t think that the evidence is all in on either claim and there are now more witnesses saying that Brown was not coming back for him when he was shot. (I am not claiming that Brown wasn’t at least somewhat of a thug but it is sounding like the continued shooting wasn’t justified at the least.)
Well, if the thug was shot in the front of his body,and that’s what the autopsy shows, was he running away, backwards? That being said, neither one of us were there at that moment and it’s purely speculation on all of our parts as to what really happened. Like it or not, most everyone, even the media,(believe it or not) has an agenda which colors their take on all such incidents.
Thug? ” it’s purely speculation on all of our parts”
Then why is your agenda getting in the way: “officer got the crap beat out of him before he shot that thug who was coming back to do more”
No that’s the cover up, blue wall style.
“most everyone, has an agenda which colors their take on all such incidents.” Yes you do.
I don’t deny it. My agenda is truth. I’ll be the first to say so if the facts are clear in some case .That the recipient of the bullet was a thug, that is clear from his history.
One small step towards justice. We need many more such.
Not really. The tax payers are on the hook for the payouts, and the perp is free to walk – heck, knowing government, he probably got a lateral promotion (or at least a transfer) to another, distant and ignorantly corrupt jurisdiction.
Until people are held accountable, including the people responsible for hiring and managing these nut jobs, we’ll not see justice.
Unfortunately, that is often true. But it sounds like this guy at least lost his job over it. That is why I said it was a small step.
Nobody in government is accountable because abusive, corrupt and irresponsible government employees are being tolerated and protected by their public-sector unions.
The public-sector unions are an organized-crime scam.
Responsible governrnent employees having the audacity to blow the whistle on the out-of-control abuse and corruption are singled out and punished with a vengeance.
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CaMP Anthropology
Author Interviews Posts
Page 99 of CaMP Dissertations
Retirement Reflections
Virtual Reading Group
Possible Research Topics
Publishing Advice
Covid-19 Research and Legal Help
Webb Keane on his new book, Ethical Life
Posted on August 16, 2016 by |
Interview by Ilana Gershon
Imagine that you happen to be in a long line at the airport, and find yourself chatting with another academic, say a media scholar who studies Cuban television before and after the revolution. How would you describe the ways your book might be useful to her?
Of course no one standing in line at the airport is talking to the people around them because they’re all absorbed in their personal devices. But anyway, there are two ways to approach your question: first, as being about revolution, and second, as being about television. Let’s take revolution first, and then turn to television (leaving aside the old question of whether the revolution will be televised).
Revolutions, like religious revivals and social reform movements, exemplify the fact that ethical life isn’t just about being in the flow of things or cultivating virtuous habits and embodied sensibilities. People also have a fundamental capacity to stand apart from that flow, in highly self-conscious ways. They can take what I call the third person stance toward ethical life. Although this kind of stance is often associated with religious moralities, avowedly atheist revolutions show that one can cultivate a god’s eye view without God. This is why the book devotes a chapter to the Vietnamese revolution. Obviously all sorts of factors go into any given revolutionary movement, but Vietnamese history casts light on the distinctively ethical underpinnings of political commitment. After all, why should urban literati like Ho Chi Minh (or, I could say to your Cuban media scholar, people from privileged backgrounds like Fidel or Che) have cared about socially distant peasants enough to deviate from their own comfortable pathways in life? I argue that to understand Ho’s revolutionary project and its wide appeal in its early years, we have to grasp its sources in what are properly ethical concerns about harm and justice. People like Ho could crystallize those ethical concerns as a principled and readily communicated political critique thanks to the availability of a third person perspective on their society. From the early decades of the twentieth century, Marxist social theory and historical narratives, along with elements of Confucian and Catholic social thought, provided Vietnamese revolutionaries with a position from which the view their own world from the outside. But that “god’s eye” position alone couldn’t make a revolution. The Vietnamese revolutionaries understood the importance of what we call ordinary ethics, that is, the way that values like respect, dignity, social recognition, and equality are embedded in everyday habits and activities. In light of the enormous economic , political, infrastructural, and military challenges the Vietnamese communists faced, it’s remarkable how much emphasis they placed on changing seemingly trivial norms of speech and other aspects of face-to-face interaction. In this respect, they were trying (with greater or lesser success) to bring the third person stance to bear on the habitual and unself-conscious flow of first person experience and second person address.
As for television, like any medium, it is a vehicle for the circulation of objectifications—images, expressions, and narratives that retain some formal integrity beyond their original context. These objectifications have historical consequences for ethical life. They contribute to ethical self-consciousness of individuals, and the consolidation–and dissolution–of public norms more widely. So one question to ask about television is how its impact differs from face-to-face interaction and other media like newspapers, radio, cell phones, the internet, and so forth. What difference does it make that a given medium has the speed it does, or geographical reach, social scale, visual versus aural or tactile sensoria, one-way versus dialogic format, centralized control versus open access, the techniques of intimacy and alienation, and so forth? These questions open up a huge set of empirical problems that extend well beyond the scope of my book. But here are some of the distinctively ethical questions we might ask. Your own work with teenagers has focused on one of them: is it okay to break up with someone by text message? If not, why? What ethical difference does it make whether your social actions are carried out in one medium or another? If this is a question about the second person address of interaction, we can also move our attention outwards into more public and sociological scales. Do certain media facilitate the third person stance or enhance first person subjectivity? What difference does it make that a message is conveyed in verbally explicit form or implied by sonic or visual means? Is it more ethically dubious to be swayed by the sound of someone’s voice than by the logic of their arguments or the authority of their institutional position? Do certain media forms reinforce the monologic voice whereas others enable dialogism? Television and social media notoriously escape the confines of context: what weight do we give to semiotic form and producers’ intentions when a supposedly neutral image enters a context where it’s deemed pornographic, racist, or blasphemous? These aren’t just academic questions; they also worry teachers, parents, lovers, artists, political activists, censors, lawyers, and propagandists. We know, for instance, that the easy transmission of sermons via cassette tapes played a critical role in fostering a new kind of public space in the run-up to the Iranian revolution. And of course all sorts of claims have been made for the transformative effects of social media on the Arab Spring—not all of which have stood up well over time. Is the form of a medium effective independent of its content? Muslim preachers in Indonesia seem to think so when they hire mass media consultants from American Christian televangelists.
One of the key theoretical moves you make to fashion a more interdisciplinary conversation about ethics is expanding the notion of affordances. Psychologists and media scholars have used this concept to discuss human interactions with the material world. In your hands, affordances can belong to “anything at all that people can experience” because they “possess an indefinite number of combinations of properties.” (30) Yet anchoring affordances in materiality provides a significant theoretical purchase – it has typically afforded a way to conceptualize limitations and resistances. When a cloth can be torn but not made to radiate light, this is a way that matter matters. In your framework, what is the grounding for resistances and limitations, for determining what is possible and impossible?
I expand on the notion of affordances by including people’s experiences of such things as emotions, cognitive biases, linguistic form, patterns of interaction, and social institutions. But ultimately these are only available to experience because they have some material manifestation. Although this may push the concept of affordance further than its more familiar uses, I think it’s consistent with them.
I’ve been seeking to develop a realist approach to anthropology that nonetheless retains the insights of the constructivist traditions in social thought and does not succumb to determinism. The attraction of affordance lies in this. It treats the components of the world as real, and as making certain things possible. But it does not do so by claiming that the things of this world necessitate anything in particular (nor, for that matter, does the analysis depend on us claiming to have the “correct” depiction of that world). One example I use, echoing something George Herbert Mead wrote long ago, is the chair. A wooden chair affords sitting, but only if you’re of a certain size, shape, and flexibility. So the affordances of the chair only exist relative to the capacities of someone who might take them up. Moreover, the existence of chair doesn’t mean that you will sit. You could use that chair to block a door, hold down papers, prop up an art work, hit someone over the head, burn to keep warm, hide behind, step on to reach something out of reach, or, for that matter, you could simply ignore it. That is, affordances are summoned up in response to projects of some sort. As new projects develop, hitherto unforeseen affordances will emerge into view.
Impossibilities have to be part of the story too: you could say that a chair will not enable you to fly. But here’s a more relevant example in the book. Humans cannot learn to speak a full-fledged language without first developing some cognitive capacity to infer other people’s intentions and otherwise work with what some psychologists call “Theory of Mind.” You can’t even use first and second person pronouns unless you have a rudimentary grasp of the perspective on “I” that is momentarily granted by saying “you.” This affords all sorts of things, including shame, prayer, novels, torture, games, and witchcraft. It also casts doubt on certain strong claims about ethnographic difference—namely, that there are some societies where people really have no concept of interiority or intentions. To make this claim is not to eliminate interesting differences among social realities. Rather, it pushes us to examine them more closely, to ask, for instance, what is at stake for some societies that forcibly deny the intention-reading that they are, in fact, doing all the time. I think there’s more ethnographically specific insight to be gained this way than by treating each cultural world as autonomous, the creation of its own heroic Promethean powers to create reality. But this should not lead us back toward any of the familiar reductive forms of determinism.
In this book, you address the possibility that self-consciousness or reflexivity can be a necessary but not sufficient first step towards social change. Sometimes self-awareness does not change social interactions, or only does so for a fleeting moment. What do you think makes self-consciousness socially successful so that it shapes how others evaluate ethical behavior as well?
This is a question about the role of ideas and values in the extremely complex social and political histories out of which they emerge and on which in turn they have their effects. The extraordinary speed with which gay marriage has gone from being an easy political wedge issue to divide classes and regions in America to much wider acceptance than anyone expected is a fascinating case. But I think it’s too soon for us to see clearly how this came about and what will follow. We have more perspective on the abolition of North Atlantic slavery. As historians have pointed out, in Britain the arguments against slavery were already well known in the seventeenth century and increasingly came to find acceptance over the course of the eighteenth. But all sorts of other things had to happen for those ideas to induce the social changes that finally came about in the nineteenth century. These include the great wave of popular evangelical Christianity, England’s political and economic competition with France and its ideological interest in distinguishing its moral superiority to a newly independent (and slave-owning) America, the emergence of working class identities that put pressure on the value of manual labor, and more. These elements are heterogeneous and their conjunction is largely contingent. So the history of ideas matters—they have to be available and they have to be plausible. But ideas only become socially viable when all sorts of other factors come together. Ethical concepts, social institutions, political organizations, laws, technologies, economies, and so forth have quite different logics and temporalities, and are enmeshed in distinct kinds of causality. Explicit ethical concepts help crystallize people’s intuitions and allow them to circulate in new ways (which takes us back to the issue of media raised in your first question) but they can’t tell the whole story alone.
Explicitness has such power for enabling shared agreements about what is ethical to travel across cultural contexts in your account. I can’t help thinking however that we are currently in a stage of capitalism when the market is viewed as the ideal spontaneous order precisely because self-awareness is irrelevant to its functioning, when algorithms are viewed as idealized ordering mechanisms, but only because, in a sense, they are seen as circumventing explicitness. What do you think of social orders that disavow explicitness, viewing explicitness as largely irrelevant for social interactions to function?
In this context, explicitness means being able to put an ethical stance into so many words: “the voting law is unjust” or “the Dean can be trusted to say what she means.” You do this by drawing on the ethical vocabulary that’s available in a given social location and historical moment. (By the way, this means that particular ways of being ethical are necessarily historical: As old ethical categories disappear and new ones come into existence so to do ways of being, or not being, ethical, and new ways for people to affirm or deny one another’s ways of being ethical. Try as I may, it’s simply not possible for me to be a virtuous Athenian or a Confucian sage today. An ethical vocabulary is not just a set of labels for ideas or values that are already there, waiting to be named.) What some philosophers have called “morality systems” try to stabilize ethics by codifying it. But explicitness is just one moment in the ongoing dialectics of objectification and subjectification. It involves stepping into what I call the third person stance, taking a distance from the first person of experience and the second person of address to see oneself and others through generic categories. It is a kind of self-distancing that induces particular forms of self-consciousness. For this reason, explicitness has also been held in suspicion in various ethical regimes. We can see this in certain styles of romanticism and mysticism which treat self-consciousness as a form of inauthenticity, and celebrate being in the flow of things. It’s a recurrent issue: some ancient Chinese philosophers also worried that any purposeful striving to be ethical would be nullified by that very effort. Such regimes aim—paradoxically—to actively inculcate effortless, habitual ways of being ethical. The goal is to live entirely in the first person, as it were. But this can be only part of the story. On the one hand, an ethics that wholly lacks the first person stance would be unsustainable—it would have not claim on anyone. That’s part of my argument against utilitarianism, which insist one only look at things from the objective position of the third person stance. It’s only from the first person stance that one can really care about ethics in a fully embodied and inhabitable way. But to insist that ethics is only one or the other—either objectification or being-in-the-moment—is to deny the fundamental motility of human life. People cannot remain entirely present in the first person, nor is it possible to sustain the third person stance only. We are always in motion among them. This motility isn’t a bug—it’s a feature.
So, to turn to the rest of your question, what about this period of capitalism? We could say that neo-liberalism expresses an ideological reaction against the third person stance of the centralized nation-state, with its blueprints and planners. Does this make it a-ethical? Not necessarily. After all, there is an ethics of autonomy there. I call this an ethics because the autonomy expressed in neo-liberalism is sometimes treated as a value in itself, beyond any instrumental justification. We may feel it’s based on false premises or has harmful consequences, but I think we should recognize that it makes ethical claims of a sort. They’re just not necessarily ones I would accept. However, although none of us as human beings can, or would want to, avoid ethical judgments, in our limited role as anthropologists we should not be in the business of making ethical pronouncements ex cathedra. Having said that, neo-liberalism does deny or ignore something very basic to ethical life as I describe it in the book, the fact that people are thoroughly enmeshed with one another in very fundamental ways. Any form of social organization that denies this and tries to treat them as wholly independent units is empirically mistaken and, let’s say, ethically compromised.
You imaginatively move a step beyond the insight that ethics is the challenging task of living alongside other people to argue that ethics at the core is about the challenging communicative task of living alongside other people when no one has telepathy. That is, communication is profoundly at the heart of what it means in a given historical and cultural context to be ethical. Say that you are as persuasive as I hope you will be. What types of research projects should people explore beginning from this insight?
If people lack telepathy, then we have to take communication very seriously. That means that every time we want to say something about experience, affect, concepts, values, intuitions, subjectivities, we should ask how they are mediated. But communication isn’t a simple matter of transmission, getting a self-contained message from one head to another head. For on thing, communication takes place over time, but, as I show in my chapters on social interaction, it always loops back on itself, opening messages to revision, reframing, denial, anticipation, dissemination, and so forth. Moreover, mediation isn’t just an empty vehicle. It is always embodied in semiotic forms (words, images, actual bodies, spaces, places, rituals, institutional procedures, and so forth). Semiotic forms are never entirely purpose-built—as Derrida remarked long ago, “the engineer is a myth.” As a result, they bring with them their contingent histories, they face causal constraints and give rise to unintended consequences well beyond anyone’s communicative purposes, and they possess affordances that can point their users in unexpected new directions.
It follows that research should be very attentive to the formal and material properties of our evidence. So much contemporary ethnography tends to be literal-minded. And far too much of it is based on interviews. So the first point is just to take semiotic mediation seriously. Partly this just means paying close attention the form and not just content of communication. In addition, it means attending to materiality, to both the qualities of media and the causal networks they’re involved in. If you were researching the internet, for instance, you might ask both about the body’s relationship to movement viewed on a flat screen and about the infrastructure that makes that relationship possible (cyber-utopians never seem to talk about how we pay the monthly smart phone bills or the environmental costs of powering Google’s servers). So rather than suggest new research topics, we might look at the research we are already embarked on from new angles, asking what are the constraints on people’s projects, the distinctively ethical affordances and unintended consequences to which their semiotic media can give rise?
I would pay particular attention to the interplay between what gets made explicit and what remains unsaid, either because it’s too obvious to say, too ordinary to notice, or is simply impossible to put into words. In looking at social change, for instance, what’s the relationship between those who are articulate and passionate, on one hand, and those who are silent and indifferent, on the other? Are the voices we hear most clearly always where the action’s at? When they are, is this because of what they say, who’s saying it, or how they say it? In my book, I look briefly at feminist consciousness-raising during its radical moment, in the early 1970s, before it became absorbed into mainstream therapeutic culture. (As with my discussion of Vietnam, this example draws on the historical perspective that we lack when looking at current events). What’s interesting is how these women, some of whom had been influenced by reading Maoism and Frankfurt School Marxism and by practical experiences in the Civil Rights movement, discovered the affordances of ordinary conversation. Out of their conversations they created a new ethical and political vocabulary for experiences that had until then seemed idiosyncratic, pathological, or simply inchoate. The result was what I call “historical objects,” values and concepts (sexual harassment, glass ceiling, control of one’s own body) and that can be pointed to, debated, circulated widely through the media, and institutionalized—or suppressed—in explicit norms and laws. One could argue that new ways of being a person, of flourishing, and of identifying harm came into existence that simply did not exist before. But history is full of projects that go nowhere: objectified values and concepts remain only theoretical unless they can enter into the flow of everyday life in some way. To see how this pans out ethnographically requires careful attention to semiotic mediation
As the Vietnamese and feminist examples suggest, the interplay between the explicit and tacit, or the said and unsaid can be crucial to understanding how social movements pan out. There’s a lot of ethnographic interest in these topics already but I would suggest that we need to pay special attention to the motility among first, second, and third person stances. To repeat, the idealized third person stance—an ethics of pure principles—remains only notional unless it offers some concrete ways of being inhabitable. But as soon as something becomes concrete—for instance new kinds of marriage, styles of child-rearing, acceptable means of making a living, or practices of ethical pedagogy– all sorts of unforeseen affordances are likely to become visible and unintended consequences likely to emerge, such as new kinds of semiotic transgression or performative failure.
Your cover is so striking, when I got the book I immediately flipped to see where the cover came from, only to discover it is one of your paintings. Could you talk a bit about the story behind the cover – did you paint this piece intending it to be the cover?
Before entering academic life, I was an artist (I’ve never taken a college course in anthropology—maybe that’s why I’ve never grown tired of the subject). That cover image is part of a series that I painted many years ago. When I was finishing my second book, Christian Moderns, I decided I didn’t want to have a cover that would try to illustrate the book, both because that seemed too literal-minded, and because illustration covers often encourage certain readings of the book at the expense of others. As it happens, an abstract painting that one of my old studio mates had given me was on the wall, and worked very well. So for Ethical Life I thought I’d use another work by a friend. However, none of the pieces I myself owned seemed to work. But someone suggested I use my own painting. The original is in blacks and greys, which seemed a bit too somber, so I invited the press to alter the color scheme. Since my first books had been green and blue, I favored red, but that turned out to look a bit too much like bloody bandages. At any rate, you’re welcome to read into the cover what you will!
Posted in Author Interviews, Weekly Post Tagged ethics, Keane, language, media
Bodoh-Creed’s When Pfizer Met McDreamy
My dissertation is an examination of the role that medicine and media play in educating the American public. The research as a whole looks at four lines of media evidence including medical fictional and non-fictional television, pharmaceutical advertising, and internet health searches (also called cyberchondria). My page 99 sits squarely in the historical review of medical television, looking at the portrayal of physicians and medicine from shows in the 1960s like Ben Casey to the current spate of shows on the air now like the long running Grey’s Anatomy and House M.D. Page 99 discussed the role of graphic medicine and realism that, while not unique to ER, was popularized by the show and it also demonstrates how physician writers cannibalize medical experiences of their own and those of colleagues around them.
[ER] thrived on intensity for the audience. The pacing was fast and the camera shots unique. In an Emmy Award winning episode of ER in the first season, titled “Love’s Labor Lost” a pregnant woman is featured having complications in the emergency room and an ER doc having to perform a caesarian section in haste. Of course chaos ensues and it is a very graphic, fast episode that was based on a real experience of a physician friend of one of the writers. (99)
Within my dissertation research, I want to stress the importance of the amount of access that I was able to obtain within medical television industry personnel. I spoke to actors, directors, executive producers, writers, physician writers and consultants, nurse advisors and consultants, product placement coordinators who organized medical equipment for set, special effects creators, and they all gave me some incredible insight into their world and also the changes in medical television over the last 50 years. The information from these key informants show the ways that physicians and nurses create the authentic medicine that is seen on screen. They strive for accuracy as much as possible, knowing that audiences are paying attention to the jargon, the procedures, and the medical lessons of early detection, treatments, and life saving medications.
Jessica Bodoh-Creed, “When Pfizer Met McDreamy: A Classic American Love Story Between Medicine and the Media.” PhD diss, University of California, Riverside, 2013.
Dissertation available here: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6mx5b84b
Jessica Bodoh-Creed, Adjunct Faculty, California State University, Los Angeles, Department of Anthropology. Jbodohc2@calstatela.edu
Posted in Page 99 for CaMP Dissertations, Weekly Post Tagged health, mass media, media, medicine, nurses, Page 99 for CaMP Dissertations, physicians, television
Tamar Kaneh-Shalit’s Positive Thinking Without a Smile
Posted on August 8, 2016 by |
Page 99 of my dissertation provides a short glimpse of a key tension which characterizes Israeli Life Coaching as well as other projects of self-realization and therapeutic technologies. In a heading on page 99, I named this tension “from introspection to instruction” to describe coaches’ and trainees’ negotiations with the neoliberal and therapeutic notion of cultivating reflexivity and following the specific instructions of a professional authority. Scholars such as Michel Foucault, Nikolas Rose, James Faubion and others have extensively theorized how healers and experts of the soul exercise their power through the cultivation of their patients’ reflexivity. One of my contributions to this line of exploration is a focus on a local style of speech called dugri (direct speech) that entails a certain notion of caring and reshapes, in specific ways, the ethical dilemma between liberation and domination.
Dugri refers to utterances spoken in a blunt manner, as a form of criticism aimed at one’s interlocutor which symbolizes intimacy, authenticity, care, and courage. In short, dugri speakers speak their minds in a straightforward manner that is sometimes even intentionally aggressive. The logic behind dugri is that only someone who truly cares about their interlocutors will put him/herself at risk by expressing an unpopular critical view (Katriel 1986). Accordingly, this also means that smiling politely and avoiding confrontation is seen as inauthentic and careless.
The prevalence of dugri style of speech among Israeli life coaches, which encompasses making concrete assertions and determining what is right and wrong for a specific trainee, undercuts some global therapeutic notions which favor self-reflection and self-realization over such local professional calculations. In my dissertation I show how Israeli coaches and their trainees negotiate these two discourses – the global and local – as well as these two types of caring, in their effort to balance between focusing on the trainee’s abilities to be reflexive and centering around the coach’s expression of his/her authenticity as well as expert knowledge and power.
Dugri is idiosyncratically Israeli. But could such styles also be found in other cultures? Recently I had a chance to view the new Netflix documentary about the famous American life coach Anthony Robbins titled: “I am not your Guru” (which I highly recommend: https://www.netflix.com/watch/80102204?trackId=14277281&tctx=0%2C0%2C6f297f89-3322-4f91-b3ba-1ec0cb44108c-50113145). Robbins very vividly demonstrates an aggressive type of fearless speech, and I wonder – is it part of what renders coaching so popular in other places around the globe too? Are we witnessing the emergence of a new technology of selfhood which challenges the hegemony of a reflexive, psycho-therapeutic emotional style?
Katriel, Tamar
1986 Talking Straight: Dugri Speech in Israeli Sabra Culture: Cambridge University Press.
Tamar Kaneh-Shalit. 2015. Positive Thinking without a Smile: Self and Care in Israeli Life Coaching. Phd dissertation, University of Haifa.
Tamar Kaneh-Shalit, Ph.D. is a postdoctoral fellow at the department of sociology and anthropology at Ben-Gurion University. She is a psychological anthropologist who is interested in self and emotions; education and care professions; media, immigration and identity. In her current research project she studies the emergence of emotional discourse in the academic world; how universities define and practice caring for students’ emotional well-being and mental health in USA and Israel. This study is in collaboration with colleagues in Russia and Israel. You can reach her at tkaneh@gmail.com.
Posted in Page 99 for CaMP Dissertations, Weekly Post Tagged 2015, Israeli, language, life coaching, performance, work
Ben Peters on his new book, How Not to Network a Nation
https://mitpress.mit.edu/hownot
Questions for Ben Peters
If you found yourself at a picnic with linguistic anthropologists, and one of them was sensible enough to bring tasty corn and seemed very interested when you mentioned briefly that you had written about the history of thwarted Soviet attempts to develop the internet, how would you explain your book?
Hey ling anth friends, please pass the corn!
(Between messy bites) I think my interest in the Soviet internet story owes a sideways debt to the fact I’m from deep corn country, USA. Coming from a small college town in the Midwest licenses one not only to know their corn (delicious!) but to appreciate life removed from the urban centers of global action. This appreciation once struck me as a 20-year-old service volunteer living in a small city called Balakovo along the Volga river in the post-industrial rust belt of Russia. There I realized not all “middle of nowheres” are similar (Ian Frazier’s delightful and meditative masterpieces The Great Plains and Travels in Siberia make this point). In addition to the earnest people, the agricultural base, and scenic landscape I was used to back in Iowa, Balakovo, a former secret Soviet city, had decaying military-industrial factories for the cosmonaut industries, an enormous hydroelectric dam, a line of nuclear reactors looming on the horizon, and much else. Where did this outsized industrial infrastructure come from? I remember wondering on the edge of an enormous dammed reservoir: who first thought it a good idea to plan so much electrical power in out-of-the-way Balakovo, and why?
(Holding up half-eaten corn cob) I have since recognized that the big ag corn industry in the US—and perhaps even all advanced modernity in its debt to large institutions—participates in the basic question behind the Soviet internet book: why do some institutions organize our lives and others not? Why, in particular, wasn’t there a Soviet internet? Given its failure was neither inevitable nor natural, what was the story of the Soviet scientists and leaders that planned to network the nation with computers anyway? Who were these cyberneticists? What did they want when they started to imagine networking the planned economy with computers in an ambitious project called the All-State Automated System ( or OGAS for short)? And why, despite thirty years of attempts at the height of the cold war tech race, did this outsized informational network infrastructure for the Soviet people not take root?
(Hint: my answers are not censorship cultures, technological backwardness, or inefficient hierarchical states.)
Throughout the book, you explain that while many cyberneticists modeled their national network projects after the human mind, the projects were quite different, in part because how they understood this metaphor varied so much. Could you explain some of the differences?
(Sets corn cob down in order to focus.) Sure thing. There are many brain-computer metaphors—and none of them are right. I think the twentieth-century pedestaled the wrong image of the ideal computing processor: the ideal computing processor is not the human brain. (Moreover this towering intellectual hubris—or what brains think about themselves—builds naturally on a troubling early modern vaulting of western individualism.) Cybernetics, after World War II, enabled strong neural-computer network analogies to be at work in Warren McCulloch’s influence on Paul Baran’s distributed network design at RAND, in Stafford Beer’s influence on Allende’s Cybersyn network in Chile, and in (as I detail in the book) Viktor Glushkov’s influence on the OGAS Project in the Soviet Union. Each had different consequences in different places: to put it in a nutshell, the ARPANET designers imagined their nation as a single distributed brain of users, while the OGAS Project designers (not entirely unlike Beer in Chile) imagined their network as a nervous system for layering onto their nation as an economic industrial body of workers, with the state as the brain. To suggest that the first American computer network was modeled after an imagination of a national brain and the Soviet networks were after a national body not only rehearses the mid-century emerging information and industrial cold war economic differences—but it also obscures the on-the-ground story of both. I suspect linguist anthropologists have much to teach me here in particular: I think the biggest difference lies not in the metaphors but in the distance between all those brain-computer metaphors and the embodied practices of building and institutionalizing computer networks. No national network projects resemble the human mind in practice.
Economists and economic cybernetics play a much larger role in the book that I imagined when I first started reading. It left me wondering: what kind of dilemmas do economists have to solve when they don’t presume that the market is the best way to distribute goods and determine value?
They stump up against some of the hardest dilemmas I know. In all semiotic-material discourse (of which the economy is of course just one mode), every evaluation is also an executable fabrication that itself acts on other evaluations. And among the resulting chains of operations, in which there are many dilemmas, the ones that matter most in this book do not fall along the cold war economic liberal language of private markets versus public states. (Hannah Arendt, for example, nudges my conclusion to deconstruct and begin rebuilding network discourse beyond the tired cold war triumphalism around markets, liberty, and commerce.) As you note, I spend a couple chapters developing how economic relations did not work as planned in the Soviet context: continuous and partial reform among battling schools of thought, nonlinear command and control dynamics, informal power networks, vertical bargaining, and other sources of organizational dissonance. I dub all this, borrowing from McCulloch and David Stark’s language, “heterarchy.” In a heterarchy, every node is subject to competing regimes of evaluation and the resulting logics by which value is determined cannot be described or mapped onto simple two-dimensional models (markets, hierarchies, and so on). Perhaps our behavior can be mapped onto a higher order in n-dimensional spaces, suggests McCulloch, or perhaps not at all. How we determine value is a complex measure of how modern humans interact, and indeed how any actor responds to contradictory demands (do I write, prepare for class, go for a walk, or have another piece of corn?) reveals more than our negotiated compromises to that contradiction.
Back to the Soviet case: it is no surprising revelation that the on-the-ground practical relations for determining and planning values in the Soviet planned economy did not function as they promised to on paper. Still, this mundane fact had consequences in at least two directions: it frustrated the rationalizing impulses of technocratic economic reform attempts such as the OGAS Project. It also ensured that economic bureaucracies could actively resist reforms because they were free to pursue their institutional self-interest in the status quo. The Soviet network story is thus an uneasy mix of technological genius and futuristic foresight leavened with mutinous ministries and institutional infighting. Or, to restate the book hook, while the US ARPANET took shape thanks to state funding and collaborative research environments, the Soviet contemporary projects broke against the rock of unregulated competition among self-interested institutions and bureaucrats. The first global computer networks took shape thanks to cooperative capitalists, not competitive socialists.
As your story unfolds about why the Soviets never developed a national computer network, another deep irony emerges – that a system built around centralization consistently over time ended up undercutting any possibility of a centralized computer network. You suggest that this is a story about the tensions between belief and practice, between a system that was touted as a centralized and well-regulated bureaucracy and in practice a complicated mixture of differently structured hierarchies. Could you discuss the tensions between Soviet centralization and Soviet bureaucratic fiefdoms that lie behind your history of non-events?
That’s a beautiful question central to the project—one that I’d like to tweak in two ways as a way of responding.
First, commonplace understanding of the Soviet state as centralized and well-regulated is empirically wrong. Let’s think instead of the Soviet state as trying to turn a complex field of decentralized fiefdoms into a single field of decentralized fiefdoms. Even the Politburo rarely endorsed totalizing centralization, and certainly none of the Soviet network projects in the book call for fully centralized networks. With the exception of one short-lived radial network proposal, all of the proposed Soviet network projects between 1959 and 1989 interestingly resemble decentralized pyramids (just like the official economic plan at the time).
These network still recognized a central command in Moscow while also permitting real-time remote access between any two authorized nodes on the national network. This is a key corrective (especially in light of the romance of flat organizational networks in the west): in both principle and practice, the Soviet Union was not too top-down or rigidly hierarchical. And in administrative practice, it was too messy and pernicious.
Second, the book is a negative history of real events, not a hypothetical history of non-events (although it does color the vision of a futuristic electronic socialism that never was). The reason I think this re-characterization matters is because I am openly interested in helping normalize the study of failed projects among scholars of human relations, complex institutions, media studies, and their adjunct interests.
Or as the book puts it,
contingent histories also help focus public debate better than do popular histories of technology that parade about hackers, geniuses, and geeks marching to the Whiggish beats of technological progress. In negative histories failures, even epic breakdowns, are normal. Astonishing genius, imaginative foresight, and peerless technical wizardry are not enough to change the world. This is one of the lessons of the OGAS experience. Its story places the conventional concepts of technological successes and failures on the wobbly foundations of the accidents of history. The historical record is a cemetery overgrown in short-lived technological futures: stepping of its beaten paths leads us to slow down and take stock before we rush to crown the next generation of technologists as agents of change. (197)
Perhaps the hard moral of the story is this: no one sensitive to the suffering all around us cannot want to reform the world for the better. Yet, in the multivariable calculus of social reform, the only thing more certain than our desire to change the world (and media and language are among those ways) is to admit that there is no guarantee that any given effort ever will.
This is a beautifully written book about bureaucracy, one in which you even manage to make a bureaucratic meeting, and the fact that two people happened to be absent, suspenseful. I was wondering if you could talk a bit about your writing strategies for making compelling some topics that at first glance might seem like good insomniac aids. How do you make bureaucracy and its genres compelling?
(Setting down now finished corn cob.) Thanks! That means a lot. Writing is one of my favorite demons. Bureaucracy, because it (like computing programming) is made out of writing that is meant to be executed but never really read, often deadens its observers to the real fertility and force of the written word. Perhaps students and scholars of mind-numbingly dull technical systems should indulge in great stylists in English and other languages as temporary antidotes against the occupational hazard that is prose pollution. Outside of my own awe for language (which I take up more directly in my brand new edited volume Digital Keywords: A Vocabulary of Information Society and Culture, which Princeton published last week on the 40th anniversary of Raymond Williams’ Keywords), I don’t have any sure-fire strategies, although the normal ones will probably do: I recommend reading voraciously and strategically, slavishly imitating and scrupulously doubting the masters, writing for the smart and interested eighth grader, and then rewriting with an ear tuned to the cadence of language. Of course I rarely manage to pull all that off, but it’s a good thing to try and a better thing to have sympathetic readers to share it with.
Thanks for the picnic!
Benjamin Peters is the author of How Not to Network a Nation: The Uneasy History of the Soviet Internet (MIT 2016) and editor of Digital Keywords: A Vocabulary of Information Society and Culture (Princeton 2016). He is assistant professor of Communication at the University of Tulsa and an affiliated faculty at the Information Society Project at Yale Law School. Work site: petersbenjamin.wordpress.com. Tweet at him @bjpeters.
Posted in Author Interviews, Weekly Post Tagged bureaucracy, communism, failed projects, internet, media, network, Soviet
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Friday in Hawkville
A recap of the day’s activities:
The offensive line. Specifically, center and right guard, because that’s where Max Unger and Chris Spencer have switched roles this week.
Unger will start at center in Sunday’s game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers at Qwest Field, with Spencer sliding to right guard – where Unger had started the first 13 games.
“Just off of three days practice, and it’s not a game, Max and Spence have both really done a nice job with the switch,” coach Jim Mora said after another outdoor practice. “Kind of like I thought they would. Great attitude. Really good work ethic. Chris has been helping Max with some of the calls.
“Hopefully, it goes well Sunday. I think it will.”
While switching positions this late in the season is not ideal – especially for a rookie who is taking on the extra duties involved with playing center – Unger has made the best of it.
“It’s a lot of stuff to do and get used to in a week,” he said. “But I got more comfortable each day. Now it’s just a matter of going out and doing it in the game.”
Spencer, a first-round draft choice in 2005 who has started 51 games at center the past four seasons, spoke with reporters after practice for the first time since Mora announced the switch Wednesday.
“For a new guy to go to center at this point in the season, I feel like as a leader on this team I’ve put it on my shoulders to help out with call and stuff like that,” he said.
No breaking-the-huddle collisions to this point, with Spencer trying to go to center and Unger to guard?
“No,” Spencer said with a laugh. “Not yet, at least.”
Mora also said that Spencer would split time at right guard with Mike Gibson, who has been inactive the past seven games after he was signed off the Philadelphia Eagles’ practice squad. The plan is for Spencer to play the first quarter and Gibson the second quarter – heavy emphasis on plan.
“But, we’re going to be very flexible with that,” Mora said. “If we go out and it’s going real, real well, I don’t know that we’ll make that adjustment. So we’ll see.”
The official end-of-the-week status report, as released by the team:
WR Nate Burleson (knee)
LB D.D. Lewis (knee)
LB Aaron Curry (hip)
With Burleson out, Deion Branch will start at split end and Justin Forsett will return punts. Lewis’ status will be reevaluated Saturday, Mora said.
Then there’s Curry, the bionic ‘backer. A hip injury that appeared to be very serious in Houston last week has not prevented Curry from practicing the past two days.
“When they indicated that it was muscle – soft tissue – more than bone, our training staff was pretty confident that by the end of the week that he’d probably be ready to go,” Mora said. “And he is. That’s a good thing for us.”
In Tampa, TE Kellen Winslow (knee) did not practice today and his listed as questionable. Winslow practiced Thursday. Two players are out for the Bucs: WR Michael Clayton (knee) and TE John Gilmore (head). Also questionable, despite participating in every phase of practice today: LB Geno Hayes (hamstring), CB Derrick Roberson (groin) and WR Sammie Stroughter (back).
POSITION WATCH
Running back. The weekly venture into how Mora plans to use Julius Jones and Forsett produced a difference initial answer, as well as the usual disclaimer: They will split series, and Jones also will get some plays on third downs – which had been Forsett’s primary role.
“Just like as always, if someone gets real hot we’ll go that way,” Mora said.
Jones leads the team with 498 rushing yards, but Forsett has 420 and also 36 receptions (10 more than Jones).
YOU DON’T SAY
“This game has to be about us, and getting back on track. We were making some improvements and we had a tough outing last week. Regardless of who we’re playing this week, really it’s more about the Seattle Seahawks football team getting back on track, and to continue making strides that we were making, and show improvement, and get a win at home in front of our fans. … Those are all things that are important to us.” – Mora, on facing a 1-12 Bucs team
December 18, 2009 – 4:02 pm
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A Super Blast - CoolyRocksOn Church Service
Photo - Two of the new mums at the CoolyRocksOn Church Service – both named Sarah!
The annual southern Gold Coast CoolyRocksOn Church Service yesterday (Sunday 9 June) was a blast at the local TwinTowns Uniting Church (Coolangatta).
The CoolyRocksOn festival of Rock’n’Roll and vintage cars has been running for many years in Coolangatta bringing in a hundred thousand visitors, - it is a national cultural event. Visitors come from every State of Australia and even overseas.
The CoolyRocksOn Church Service was originally hosted by the local Anglican Church until the building was shut down due to asbestos and it went into abeyance for two years until a taxi driver, (a board member of CoolyRocksOn) asked Dr Mark Tronson the Australian cricket team chaplain 17 years (ret) to reinstitute it.
The then CoolyRocksOn CEO Bob Newman visited Mark Tronson and the CoolyRocksOn Church Service was reinstituted in a large marque six years ago (packed out). It was run by Dr Tronson for four years and he handed it on to the local Uniting Church last year.
It is a major community event with much acclaim. The CoolyRocksOn Church Service is a part of these festivities.
Photo - CoolyRocksOn Church Service Band
2019 – A Blast
The Band led by James Walton from Living Temple Christian Church (Tugun Baptist) were sensational –
The band was made up of musicians James, Jim and Tony, drummer Kenneth (Papua New Guinea) and singers Jasmine, Gloria and Jemma.
They played several groups of Gospel songs, three at first, then four after the bible reading, then two near the end and a further two as congregants moved to the hall for a cuppa.
Photo - Kenneth Zale the drummer of the band from PNG - undertaking a
Masters of Engineering
Reverend Debra Pinkerton gave an illustrative message with the bring screen showing numerous photos of the 60’s (CoolyRocksOn is a nostalgic festival of vintage cars and rock’n’roll) and being Pentecost Sunday homed in on the change that Christ’s message brought to the world and down to us today.
Another remarkable CoolyRocksOn Church Service.
Zach Radloff was on the audio consul. Zach has a degree in IT and has been writing IT for Christian Today for seven years as part of the young writer program.
Photo - Zach Radloff on the audio consul at the CoolyRocksOn Church Service
Dr Mark Tronson is a Baptist minister (retired) who served as the Australian cricket team chaplain for 17 years (2000 ret) and established Life After Cricket in 2001. He was recognised by the Olympic Ministry Medal in 2009 presented by Carl Lewis Olympian of the Century. He mentors young writers and has written 24 books, and enjoys writing. He is married to Delma, with four adult children and grand-children. Dr Tronson writes a daily article for Christian Today Australia (since 2008) and in November 2016 established Christian Today New Zealand.
Mark Tronson's archive of articles can be viewed at http://www.pressserviceinternational.org/mark-tronson.html
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CIAC Football
Stafford High School Football Live Streaming Online
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1 Stafford High School Football Live Streaming Online
2 How To Watch Stafford Live Using App Service
3 Stafford Live Stream Using VPN Services
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Partnered with the National Federation of State High School Associations. 44+ high school state athletic associations, and PlayOn! Sports. The NFHS Network is a joint venture created to provide fans with the ability to stream high school sports on any device, from wherever they are. All the fans who want to love to enjoy Stafford Live Stream can use NFHS Network.
The purchase price was announced as $49.99 for a full season or $9.99 per individual game. On October 5, 2017, NBC announced an agreement to air the High School Football. As part of the agreement, all matches will be available as part of the NBC Sports. All the fans who want to love to enjoy Stafford Live Stream can use NBC Sports.
This year Stafford can telecast in ABC TV. We know ABC is a very famous TV channel. Here you can enjoy Stafford Live Stream. There is a lot of channels belongs to ABC. You just have to find the right one for you.
Tucked into the declaration of Disney’s obtaining of Hulu is the news that Comcast is reexamining the value purpose of the CBS General spilling administration. While past appraisals extended from $12-14 every month, a source currently discloses to CBS that the last number will be nearer to $10. In contrast to other spilling administrations, CBS’s gushing administration will be advertisement support as opposed to membership-based. That is an extravagant method for saying it will be allowed to watchers who as of now buy in to link, with a promotion free form additionally accessible for $12 to $14 every month. It will likewise be accessible to non-link supporters for a charge. You can enjoy your favorite event Stafford Live Stream on CBS.
How To Watch Stafford Live Using App Service
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If you can’t watch the Stafford Live from anywhere, you can use other online streaming channels like Apple TV or iPad. Apple TV provides the streaming service for $30-40 per month. It is also one of the low-cost online streaming channels. There is no free travel on this Apple TV. This is not a big deal for you to spend $30-40 per month for your entertainment. Hurry up, don’t be late to subscribe to the Apple TV.
We know Kodi is a software, where you can enjoy the Stafford Live Online. By using Kodi you will get full HD quality of any video. If you want to use Kodi. You have to cost $5 per month. If you want to stream on up to three devices simultaneously, the cost is $8/month. But if you can stream Kodi Solutions on up to 5 devices simultaneously for $10/month. There is not a matter of fact to cast $5-10 per month to use Kodi. Kodi streaming service is one of the low-cost sites. So, here you can enjoy your favorite Stafford Live on Kodi.
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There are millions of viewers who are staying outside of the Au and the NZ who are not allowed to watch the event Stafford through the Official channel. If you want to overcome this problem, you can use a VPN. By using any VPN, you can unblock any websites which are blocked by your government or the authority of those sites. At first, you need to buy a plan for a legal VPN service. After purchasing a VPN service you will be able to access the broadcasting channels of the Event. You will get some new IP address of the coverage area. Then connect your VPN to the IP addresses as we will mention below. Check it out and enjoy it.
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Nord VPN works including 5000 servers in 62 countries across the globe. It is one of the best VPN services. You can subscribe to a 3-year plan or Monthly plans also. You have to spend a monthly $2.99. After sing up to the VPN, you have to connect with any network in the USA. After that, you have to Find apps or channels to enjoy Stafford High School Football Live Stream.
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IPVanish offers more than 1,200 servers of 60 nations. You can utilize IPVanish VPN to different gadgets like Macintosh, iOS, or Android gadgets at once. For a top-notch account, you need to burn through $6.49 every month. As indicated by certain sites, those servers with the letter ‘a’ are the quickest. You can interface this VPN to a Canadian server to get to the Stafford High School Football Live Stream application easily.
This was all about Stafford. Here you can get all the information about Stafford. You will get Live Streaming Online info, Using App Service, Using VPN Services. By using this all information you can easily get access to Stafford High School Football Live Stream. We will share more information like that, for more information keep visiting us.
CIAC Football 2020 Live Streaming Online
Everything you need to know about Connecticut High School Football 2020
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Last edited by Kataur
Sunday, May 10, 2020 | History
6 edition of Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions found in the catalog.
Published August 2002 by IndyPublish.com .
Social, group or collective psychology,
Controversial Knowledge,
Body, Mind & Spirit,
New Age / Body, Mind & Spirit,
Buy a cheap copy of Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular book by Charles Mackay. Free shipping over $ Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions Volume 1. by Charles Mackay. Rated stars. No Customer Reviews. Select Format. We personally assess every book's quality and offer rare, out-of-print treasures. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions — Volume 2 Найдите магазин официального партнёра или позвоните в службу поддержки по телефону 8‑‑‑51‑
Internet Archive BookReader Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds. Author. Mackay, Charles, Collections. americana. Copy and paste one of these options to share this book elsewhere. Link to this page view Link to the book. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds Charles MacKay. out of 5 stars Audible Audiobook. CDN$ Free with Audible trial. The Crowd: A Study of the Popular Mind Gustave Le Bon. out of 5 stars Kindle Edition. CDN$/5(). Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds, Volume 1 Charles MACKAY ( - ) The book chronicles and vilifies its targets in three parts: "National Delusions", "Peculiar Follies", and "Philosophical Delusions".
Similar Items. Extraordinary popular delusions and the madness of crowds / by: Mackay, Charles, Published: () Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions by: Mackay, Charles, Published: (). Memoirs of extraordinary popular delusions by Charles Mackay; 25 editions; First published in ; Subjects: Stock exchanges, Occultism, Common fallacies, Psychological aspects of Investments, Impostors and imposture, Hallucinations and illusions, Early works to , Psychological aspects of Stock exchanges, Occult science, Delusions, Psychological aspects, Swindlers and swindling, Social. This book so captures the irrationality of human beings it's a shock to remember that it was written in It doesn't take much to steer groups of people to actions that go against their interest and defy rational explanation. How else to explain Trump? The sections on John Law and the Dutch tulip mania are Mackay's best remembered studies.
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Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions by Charles Mackay Download PDF EPUB FB2
SyntaxTextGen not activated Pdf the early s, one of my wife's cousins pressed Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds by Charles MacKay on me. His timing was a bit off. Had I .Charles Mackay () was a Scottish poet, journalist, author, anthologist, novelist, and songwriter, remembered mainly for his book Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds.
Philipp is Managing Editor of The Essential Library, a classic literature series for the modern reader.Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular Ebook, Vol 3. By. Ebook Mackay. 0 (0 Reviews) Free Download. Read Online. This book is available for free download in a number of formats - including epub, pdf, azw, mobi and more.
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Computational Analyses Lead to Grant for Potential Cystic Fibrosis Treatment
A research team at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center has received a $626,000 grant to test saracatinib (AZD0530), an experimental drug, as a new potential treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF). The grant will support further preclinical evaluation of this new candidate drug, which promises to compliment current therapies. It could offer under-treated cystic fibrosis populations greater access to therapy and directly address infection and inflammation associated with the lung disease.
The team is being led by Anil Jegga, DVM, MRes, professor in the Division of Biomedical Informatics, Anjaparavanda Naren, PhD, professor in the Division of Pulmonary Medicine and Director of the Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, and John Clancy, MD, professor in the Division of Pulmonary Medicine.
(From left) Anil Jegga, DVM, MRes, Anjaparavanda P. Naren, PhD and John Clancy, MD are evaluating a potential cystic fibrosis treatment that was initially identified through computational analyses.
Cystic fibrosis, a hereditary disorder, affects more than 30,000 individuals in the United States and 70,000 individuals worldwide, with an annual healthcare cost of over $1.8 billion. It is a progressive genetic disease in which a defective gene causes a thick, sticky buildup of mucus in the lungs, pancreas and other organs. Over time the disorder limits a patient’s ability to breathe.
The CF community has benefited from some recent drug advances but the efficacy of these new drugs can be undermined by persistent airway infection and inflammation in CF patients. Furthermore, these drugs are extremely expensive. Hence, providing new and effective therapeutics continues to be a critical need in the CF community.
Computational Drug Repurposing
Jegga is an expert in systems biology and computational drug repurposing, which relies on developing and applying computational analyses to discover new uses for existing drugs or investigational small molecules.
“We are working to make this process ‘systematically serendipitous’ thanks to the volume of multifaceted biomedical and genomic big data now available”
–Anil Jegga, DVM, MRes
He conducted a combinatorial bioinformatics analysis of CF patient gene expression data coupled with compound screening to identify saracatinib (AZD0530), an experimental drug that has already been tested for safety in hundreds of human patients, as a candidate therapeutic for CF.
Preliminary testing in the Naren Lab confirmed this finding using enteroids, which are artificially grown masses of cells or tissues generated from CF patients that allow new compounds to be tested on those tissues safely outside the body. Several prior studies have also demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and anti-infective activity of saracatinib.
Diagram depicting data repurposing workflow that resulted in the identification of saracatinib (AZD0530) as a potential treatment for cystic fibrosis.
“Most approved repositioned drugs were discovered accidentally,” Jegga says. “We are working to make this process ‘systematically serendipitous’ thanks to the volume of multifaceted biomedical and genomic big data now available; the computing power at our disposal; and the sophisticated data-mining and data-driven algorithms and approaches that help predict novel indications for approved drugs or late-stage investigational compounds.”
The new grant project aims to determine if saracatinib is a candidate therapeutic for CF and to identify its primary mechanism of action relevant to CF lung disease. Th team will also evaluate the effect of saracatinib on infection and inflammation associated with CF and prepare for a clinical trial to test effectiveness of saracatinib for CF therapy. The ultimate goal of this project is to provide evidence in support of a multi-center clinical trial of saracatinib in CF.
The project team also includes John J. Brewington, MD, whose research work includes personalized model systems to predict and study drug benefit for an individual patient and Lin Fei, PhD, of the Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology.
This two-year grant is funded through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, part of the National Institutes of Health.
For more on the grant, please visit Preclinical Characterization of Saracatinib for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy. Read more about Anil Jegga’s research here, here and here.
Tagged on: Anil Jegga cystic fibrosis drug repurposing
cincyinformatix January 30, 2019 February 5, 2019
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Tender Page
Supplier Management System
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Award scheme for translated books in Hindi
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Go Back Home / CSR / Health Care
CSR THRUST AREAS- HEALTH
‘Sukarma Vikas Kendra’- Residential School Project for Differently Abed Children
Sukarma Vikas Kendra, Angamaly is envisioned as a treatment centre and residential school project for the rehabilitation of differently abled children, built on the donated land of Leela Antharjanam of Parakkadav Kunnappilly Mana. An expert team of rehabilitation specialists led by a Pediatrician is providing medical treatment where the Centre provides accommodation facility for 25 children and vocational training and education for 100 children.
CSL stand by the strong desire and deep resolve to support Children with disabilities to lead a fulfilling life, exploring fullest potential and opportunities. Towards an inclusive society, we believe that their talents are to be understood and their abilities are to be fostered. It is in this regard that CSL extended support for the construction of ‘Sukarma Vikas Kendra’. Of the 3-storey building spanning 12000 sq. ft, one floor has been entirely funded by CSL under its CSR initiative.
Central Minister Shri. V Muralidharan inaugurated the building in a ceremony held on 14th November 2020 in the auspicious presence of C&MD, CSL Shri. Madhu S Nair, Shri. Gokulam Gopalan, U N Haridas and M N Venkiteswaran which was presided over by Sevabharathi-Angamaly President, Major (Retd) Dr. Jyothish R.
CSL handed over Mini Van to Theruvoram
Theruvoram is a reputable organisation striving to provide food and shelter to the sick and destitute who have been abandoned and left miserably at the streets of Kochi.
As recognition of the noble initiatives undertaken by the Association, CSL provided them with a mini-van so as to extend their services to a wide area serving many more empty stomachs and weathered lives. The van will enable association to quickly reach to the needy and arrange their safe shelter.
Shri Madhu S Nair, C&MD of CSL handed over the key to ‘Theruvoram Murukan’ in the esteemed presence of Shri. K J Remesh, CGM(HR& Trg), Shri. Sambath Kumar P N, AGM (CSR&A) and Deputy Managers, Shri Sasindradas P S and Shri. Yoosaf A K of CSL, in a function held at the Company on 4th November, 2020.
CSL handed over Life Support Ambulances to General Hospital, Ernakulam
Cochin Shipyard shares an intimate bond of a kith and kin with the General Hospital being the backbone of public healthcare system of Ernakulam district with its array of able doctors, staffs and most modern facilities. CSL has been at the forefront to support the hospital under its CSR activities.
In adherence to COVID protocol, Shri. Madhu S Nair, C&MD of CSL handed over the vehicle keys to Dr. A Anitha, Hospital Superintendent in a ceremony held at Company premises on 4th November 2020. Shri. K J Remesh, CGM(HR& Trg), Shri. Sambath Kumar P N, AGM (CSR&A) and Deputy Managers, Shri Sasindradas P S and Shri. Yoosaf A K was present during the function.
At the beginning of the year CSL had provided the palliative care department of the hospital with three home care vans. As evident, the Company has always been a forerunner in strengthening healthcare delivery system and ensuring universal access to quality health care.
Distribution of face masks to Health care professionals
Amidst the spread of Corona pandemic the palliative care workers of Ernakulam district have been putting their safety on the line for serving the bed ridden patients. On recognising their selfless efforts, CSL distributed high quality cloth masks among all medical personnel, para medical and allied medical professionals in palliative care sector and also among the palliative care staff of General Hospital, Ernakulam.
All the staff of Arogyakeralam project at all Panchayaths of Ernakulam district also distributed with these two layered mask of Handloom cloth on this occasion.
Mr. Sasindradas P S and Mr. Yoosaf A K, Deputy Managers of CSL handed over the masks to Dr. Annie P G and Smt. Sheeba Jose, of Ernakulam General Hospital and Ms. Mithu and Ms. Honey Devassi received the masks on behalf of Arogya Keralam.
The masks were procured from handloom weavers in and around Kannur rural settlements who were hard hit by loss of Onam sales due to Corona crisis.
Interweaving Masks and Livelihood Security
Amidst the COVID 19 pandemic, many daily wage earners have either lost their livelihood completely or are on the verge of collapse. Among this, the traditional weavers and the fishermen community are the two groups whom CSL extended its supporting hand at right time.
When the company received a request for support from the Handloom workers and fishermen community at the West Kochi area where the spread of Corona was alarmingly severe, for supply of Cotton masks, it was decided to club these two by purchasing face mask from Handloom workers and distributing among the above fishermen community.
The weavers at Kannur rose to the occasion and stitched more than 30 thousand good quality masks using handloom clothes at record time so that we could distribute them to the fishermen community of Mattanchery, Chellanam, Vypin and Fort Kochi region during Onam festival season.
Through this initiative CSL interweaved a delicate yet strong thread of mutual understanding and support between handloom workers and fishing community.
Freedom Food Factory - Mobile unit Inauguration
Freedom Food Factory – A unique CSR project of Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL) started reaching to public through District Jail, Kakkanad by its mobile unit which is supported by CSL. The subsidized, affordable and delicious food prepared by the jail inmates in the hygienic environment thus reaching to public who find it unsafe to access hotel and restaurants especially amidst this pandemic situation is thus becoming a boon to the public in general.
On 14th July 2020, Shri. Sambath Kumar PN, AGM (CSR) inaugurated the function by handing over the food packet to Smt. Chandrika Devi, Municipal Chairperson, Tripunithura in the esteemed presence of Shri. Sam Thankayan, DGP of Prisons, Shri. Sasindradas P S, Deputy Manager (CSR), Shri. Jagdeeshan K V, District Jail Superintendent and other district jail officials. The first sale itself was a huge success taking into account on the receptiveness from the public.
Imparting Mobility to Prison Platter
"Freedom Food Factory"- the mobile food factory of District Jail Kakkanad, Ernakulam that sells food cooked by the inmates had become an affordable and delicious food to serve the local public in Kochi at their door-steps with the timely support of Cochin Shipyard Ltd, Kochi.
The subsidized food centre is thus becoming a relief to all during this crisis period as they are providing quality and hygiene food with subsidized rate. On account of these invaluable benefits of jail food counter, Cochin Shipyard Ltd aided the district jail authorities to create a mobile unit of the Freedom Food Factory.
CSL supported this project by providing a van for distributing the food prepared by the inmates. Shri. P T Thomas, hon’ble MLA, handed over the key to Shri. Sam Thankayyan, DIG of Prisons- Central zone on a function held at District Jail, Kakkanad on 25th June 2020. Shri. Rishiraj Singh IPS, hon’ble Director General of Prisons and Correctional Services, Kerala flagged off the ceremony of the mobile unit in the esteemed presence of, Shri. K V Jagadeeshan, Ernakulam district jail superintendent and Shri. Liji Suresh, Municipal Corporation Councilor.
From the Death’s Door to Doctor’s Hand
Concepts like ‘Golden Hour’ and ‘Platinum Ten Minutes’ that represent the time span in which treatment offers greatest hope of survival, typify the importance of ambulance in public health delivery system. Unfortunately, our Ernakulam General Hospital is poorly equipped with just two ambulances in working condition. It was in this context that Cochin Shipyard entered into an agreement with Ernakulam General Hospital for providing three Eeco Maruthi Vans for Palliative Care Centre of Hospital and two Maruthi Eeco Basic Life Support Ambulances.
The inauguration and handing over the keys of these ambulances took place on 22 Jan 2020 by Shri. Madhu S Nair, Chairman and Managing Director of CSL. With these CSL contributed a total amount of 4.32 crores on different projects over the years. These services will aid the hospital to transport pregnant women, children and those that require emergency medical attention can effectively reduce maternal, infant and child mortality rates. To provide timely health care for trauma victims, heart attack and stroke patients this will immensely help to save the precious lives. Cochin Shipyard has always been a forerunner in strengthening health care delivery system and ensuring universal access to quality health care. CSR activities of CSL reach out to the community to ensure the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of ‘Good Health and Well-being’ is achieved.
T-LAMP….Lighting a Way Ahead
‘’A brave, frank, clean- hearted, courageous and aspiring youth is the only foundation on which the future nation can be built’’ -Swami Vivekananda
Children of today are tomorrow’s citizen. Substance abuse among adolescent children erodes our nation’s future and hopes for a better tomorrow. Empowering our youth and lighting a way ahead for them has always been a core concern of Cochin Shipyard’s CSR activities.
Cochin Shipyard aided AURA, an NGO catering to the needs of school students and adolescent children, in implementing T- LAMP (Teenage Leadership And Motivational Programme) Project. T- LAMP is a de-addiction cum leadership programme that aims at the holistic development of the children affected by drugs. CSL supported the project as an attempt towards providing a growing life curve to the children who are addicted to drugs and other substance.
On 19 October 2019, Parliament Member T N Prathapan inaugurated the programme at Chittissery Thanal Auditorium. The programme was presided by Cochin Shipyard’s Deputy Manager (CSR) Shri. P S Sasindradas. Notable personalities like film actor Jayaraj Warrior, Sr. Simphoria, Sr. Jiss Theres, Fr. Job Padayattil, Fr. Baiju Chakery, Gram Panchayath Member K Sugandi, K Pushpakaran, C M Joshi and Santhosh Arakkal shared their thoughts and valuable messages with the children.
CSL took this opportunity to aid AURA to make a real difference and play a major role in improving health and well- being of India’s future citizens.
‘Annadaan Mahadaan’-Lending a Hand to the Destitute
Community development has been pivotal in advancing Cochin Shipyard’s aspirations to build trust and to improve the quality of life of people. It is in this regard that CSL has been providing food for the inmates of S D Home, a destitute home in Perumanoor, Kochi. CSL Canteen has been providing food for the inmates for a couple of years now. Furthermore, CSL has supported the destitute home to procure an Eeco Maruthi Van for the conveyance of the aged inmates to the hospital and to bring food for the inmates from Cochin Shipyard on daily basis.
On 25 November 2019, CGM (HR & Training) Shri K J Ramesh presented the vehicle to Mother Superior Sr. Treesa S D in the presence of AGM (CSR & Admin) Shri Sambath Kumar P N and DM Sri Yoosaf A K. With the provision of the van, ‘Annadaan’ venture of CSL has taken a huge leap forward.
Sustainable development of communities has always been an essential part of CSL’s Corporate Social Responsibility. CSL focus on incorporating Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of ‘zero hunger and no poverty’ into responsible business actions. CSL’s initiative aided the poverty stricken people to have a better life and easy access to hospital facilities. The destitute need to be assured that they are not alone in their struggles. CSL proactively reach to them and bring them to the mainstream of the society.
‘Ayus’ to Ayushya
Cochin Shipyard extended its helping hand to Ayushya Centre for Healing and Integration, who extend the ‘ayus’ of elderly people by providing palliative care services. Knowing the fact that no elderly people want to leave their homes and stay in hospital during the sunset years of their lives, Ayushya centre has been extending support to their doorsteps. Instead of institutionalising palliative care services, the centre reaches out to those senior citizens. Recognising the appreciable work done by Ayushya, CSL ventured to help them by donating a Eeco Maruthi Van.
On 21 November 2019, CSL director Adv. B Radhakrishna Menon presented the vehicle to Sr.Dolarus Kannampuzha of ‘Ayushya’ in the esteemed presence of Gram Panchayath President Smt. Beena Thomson, Ayushya Director Sr. Bia Chattomkot and CSL Deputy Managers Sri Sasindradas P S and Sri Yoosaf A K.
By donating the vehicle, CSL has supported Ayushya to extend their palliative care services to more people in less than no time. CSL took the initiative to support Ayushya on recognising its responsibility in building a healthy society and in aiding socio- economic development of the community.
Distribution Of 50 Motorized Tricycles For Physically Challenged In Participation With Alimco
Cochin Shipyard along with ALIMCO extended their support by enabling and empowering the physically challenged to cherish their dreams. A number of 50 battery operated tricycles have been distributed to selected beneficiaries from Thrissur District, Kerala enabling them to lead a life with dignity by promoting and securing enhanced livelihood opportunities. The Cochin Shipyard extended their CSR fund to this cause by supporting ALIMCO with a cost of Rs.21.00 Lakhs
Urava - Water Atm Project At Attappady,palakkad District
Attappadi at Palakkad district is probably one of the biggest tribal settlements in Kerala. The area suffers from malnutrition and infant mortality. Attappadi is a water thirsty area, which has been witnessing severe water shortage during summer. The two major rivers, Bhavani and Siruvani in that area are polluted and shortage of clean water has been cited as one of the major reasons for the unhealthy living conditions of the 100 odd tribal settlements in that area.
Cochin Shipyard Ltd (CSL) extended their CSR support for RO Plant and four water ATMs at different locations of the Attappady region. The plant is located at Sambarkode, the main centre of the region which is using water from Siruvani river. CSL spent an amount of Rs.20 Lakhs for this pilot project which is implemented by Santhi Medical Information Centre.
Action To Contain Spread Of Nipah Virus
Csl Contributed Rs.25 Lakhs To Government Of Kerala Towards Activities To Counter Spread Of Deadly Nipah Fever.
Shri M D Varghese, CGM, in charge of CSR and Shri A N Neelakahdhan, GM(Materials) handed over cheque worth Rs.25 lakhs to Smt KK Shailaja teacher, honourable health minister at a function held at kozhikode. Shri T P Ramakrishnan and Shri AK Saseendran, ministers, are also seen in the photo.
Alpha Paliative Care Ambulance
Handing Over A Vehicle To Alpha Palliative Care, Padivattom, Near Palarivttom
Alpha Palliative Link Centre at Padivattom approached CSL for support for a Vehicle for Home care of the patients who are terminally ill. The Board approved the project for an amount of five lakhs rupees, of which the vehicle cost was around Rs.4.35 Lakhs and the rest of the amount was spent for the purchase of Physiotherapy equipments.
The project was inaugurated in the month of June, 2017
Ambulance To District Collector
Handing over an Ambulance to Sree Sudheendra Medical Mission, Ernakulam by the General Manager of CSL (Ship Building) through the then District Collector Sri. Rajamanickam.
Sree Sudheendra Medical Mission is a unique hospital started way back in 1971 under the Chief Patronage of H.H. Shrimad Sudhindra Thirtha Swamiji of Shree Kashi Math Samsthan, Varanasi. "Arogyameva Soubhagyam" is the Vision and "Affordable Quality Health Care" is the Mission of the hospital.In the four decades of its glorious existence Sudheerndra established itself as Brand of affordable quality health care.The hospital which is doing yeoman service to mankind is exhibiting charity for the poor and needy in the society and for charity, Caste/ Creed is no bar. The doctors and other staff strictly adhere to the highest standards of professionalism, ethics, and personal responsibility worthy of the trust the patients keep on Sudheendra.
Based on the request of Sudheendra Medical Mission, an Ambulance worth Rs.9.00 lakhs was provided by CSL throguh its CSR funds for the year 2015-16 to facilitate the transportation of emergency cases especially of the Poor people who seek treatment from the hospital.
Blood Bank At Perambra Hospital
Support For Setting Up Blood Bank
EMS Memorial Cooperative Hospital and Research Centre has been functioning in Perambra, a small town near Kozhikode, Kerala, catering to the needs of more than one lakh people residing in that locality, for medical treatment. This being a cooperative venture provides treatment to the local community at a very reasonable cost since its inception.While shifting their premises to own building with advanced medical facilities, there arose the requirement of a blood bank for which the authorities approached Cochin Shipyard for support.CSL was happy to be part of this project and offered Rs.45 lakhs to set up an advanced Blood Bank in the hospital for the benefit of poor and needy patients in emergency.
The new hospital complex was dedicated for the benefit of the community by the Honourable Chief Minister, Shri Pinarayi Vijayan.Shri Madhu S Nair, C&MD, CSL, along with Shri M D Varghese, CGM (CSR) participated on behalf of CSL.
Ramakrishna Hospital
Support For Additional Floor (Out Patient Block) For Sri. Ramakrishna Ashrama Charitable Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram
Total Cost of the project - Rs. 1.54 Crores
CSL Support - Rs.1,00,00,000/
Amount Disbursed - Rs.1,00,00,000/ ( Full amount)
The Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama Charitable Hospital (Started in 1936), a 200 bed multispecialty hospital at Sasthamangalam within the Thiruvananthapuram city is well known among the poor and lower middle income families of Thhriuvanthapuram and surrounding area for its sympathetic services and highly subsidized charges. Various departments like General Medicine, General & Endoscopic /Laparoscopic Surgery, Gynec & Obstetrics, Paediatrics, Orthopaedic, ENT, Ophthalmic, Dentistry and Psychiatric with competent and efficient specialists provide seven days a week service to more than 500 patients on an average every day. 75 beds in the General Ward category are kept for free patients where the services and diet is also provided free of cost. The Nursing school started in 1962 to train and dedicate sympathetic, efficient and professional nurses with a zeal to serve the suffering humanity, now admits 25 meritorious girls from financially poor backgrounds every year for the three and half a year Diploma in General Nursing and & Midwifery.
Till 1980 this Charitable Hospital was the pioneer in the filed in this part of the state. However, for the last three decades the development was somewhat stagnant due to financial constraints. Moreover the continuance of the services has become a huge problem without upgrading the infrastructure- new buildings, renovation & maintenance of the old ones and procuring new & replacing some old medical equipments and instruments.
It was under this background that the Sri Ramakrishna Ashrama Charitable Hospital approached CSL for financial assistance. In order to renovate and build an additional floor of the OPD Block, a request was put up for Rs.1.54 crores along with building plan and estimates. Realizing the significance of the proposal the CSL CSR Board Level 14th Committee Meeting held on 22/07/2015 decided to sanction Rs.1 Crore for this important initiative. Though the agreement was signed between CSL and the Hospital on 14 January 2015, the work of the OPD block was started on 7th April 2015 following a simple function inaugurated by the Honorable Chief Minister of Kerala Shri.Oommen Chandy in the gracious presence of the Health Minister Shri V.S. Shivakumar. From CSL, DGM Civil and the CSR Team members participated in the function.
CSL has continuously monitored the project and from time to time, the Hospital also shared the progress with CSL. As per the agreement the amount sanctioned was released in five different installments. The last installment was released on 12/02/2016. As a result of this project the hospital expects not only substantial increase in number of patients but also considerable improvement in the quality of the services provided by the hospital to all the patients especially the poor and the marginalized.
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Colorado Lacrosse Report
Covering Lacrosse at 5280
Air Force, College, Denver, High School, Mammoth, MLL, NLL, Outlaws
COVID-19 Forces Cancellations at All Levels of Sport
Date: March 12, 2020Author: aonodera17 0 Comments
UPDATE 1: This post was updated on March 12 at 9:15pm to reflect new information about the MCLA.
UPDATE 2: This post was updated on March 13 at 12:18pm to include information about the MCLA’s new eligibility policy.
The National Lacrosse League, NCAA, and the Colorado High School Activities Association all announced Thursday that they are suspending lacrosse competition until further notice due to safety concerns stemming from the COVID-19 virus. Here is a guide to how COVID-19 has changed the Colorado lacrosse calendar.
The NLL announced today that the season is suspended until further notice due to concerns about COVID-19.
In a statement released today, the league said, “we will continue to evaluate the situation and remain in constant communication with health, team, business and league officials across North America.”
UPDATE: The @NLL will suspend game play until further notice for the safety and best interest of our fans, players, coaches and staff. #NLL pic.twitter.com/nV7fv5lWqq
— NLL (@NLL) March 12, 2020
Prior to the cancelation, the Colorado Mammoth held a 7-6 record and were in second place in the Western Division. The Mammoth were next slated to play on March 20th against the Calgary Roughnecks. That game has obviously been canceled.
The NCAA canceled all spring championships for the 2020 season, including both men’s and women’s lacrosse.
The NCAA said the decision was, “based on the evolving COVID-19 public health threat, our ability to ensure the events do not contribute to spread of the pandemic, and the impracticality of hosting such events during this academic year given ongoing decisions by other entities.”
The decision means that the University of Denver, Air Force Academy and all other NCAA sanctioned lacrosse teams will not compete for a championship this season.
Earlier in the day, the PAC-12 conference announced that it was suspending all spring sport competition, including non-conference events, until further notice. Because of this, the Colorado Buffaloes women’s lacrosse season was entirely suspended.
Additionally, the Big East announced that all spring sport competitions were canceled for the remainder of the year, meaning that the Denver Pioneers finish the season with a 4-2 record.
It’s over but no one will leave!#Piosforever pic.twitter.com/i19xtwC2MZ
— Denver Men’s Lacrosse (@DU_MLAX) March 12, 2020
As for Air Force, the SoCon released a statement saying that all spring sport competitions were suspended until March 30. It’s unclear if any SoCon games will be played after that date given that there will be no NCAA Championship to play for this season.
Thursday’s NCAA decision came after multiple schools announced they were suspending their individual athletic programs, including Duke, Virginia and Towson. Additionally, conferences such as the Colonial Athletic Association, Patriot League, and Ivy League all suspended play. With teams seemingly dropping like flies, many wondered how the NCAA would even go forward with a lacrosse season.
However, the looming question was quickly answered just after 2pm (MT) when the NCAA announced that all spring championships were canceled.
Colorado High School Lacrosse
CHSAA added to the long list of cancelations today when it announced that all spring sports competitions scheduled between Friday, March 13 and Monday, April 6 are postponed.
The association left the decision to compete on Thursday, March 12 up to individual schools. Most schools, including all those from the Cherry Creek School District, decided to postpone their competitions.
However, at least one game did continue on Thursday. Arapahoe and Mountain Vista reportedly decided to schedule and play a game before the suspension deadline. However, a score was not available by the time of publication.
The MCLA announced late Thursday that it will suspend the season until at least April 6. The league will reevaluate its decision on that date.
Both the University of Colorado and Colorado State University had previously suspended travel for club sports earlier this week. This means that the Buffs and Rams will not be able to compete in the MCLA this season.
On Friday morning, the MCLA announced that it would be granting, “every eligible 2020 MCLA player,” an extra year if MCLA eligibility. The move comes after an expedited vote by the league’s Executive Board.
Also, a note: The MCLA release refers to the virus one time by a name that is inaccurate and offensive due to its use of geography. The correct name for the virus is COVID-19, a form of a coronavirus. Due to the terrible error on the part of the MCLA, we will not add a link to their release in this article.
To finish this off on a somewhat positive note, it’s important to remember that there are still lacrosse games scheduled for the future. The next officially scheduled lacrosse game involving a Colorado team will be held on May 30 when the Denver Outlaws travel to play the Chesapeake Bayhawks.
The first Outlaws home game is scheduled for May 6 against the New York Lizards.
Additionally, the Premier Lacrosse League announced that it will return to Denver for the 2020 season. The league will play at Peter Barton Lacrosse Stadium on August 28-29.
Published by aonodera17
View all posts by aonodera17
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Generating plant (10)
ms38655/11/8/53
From the Manuscript collection - Photographs from the Papers of Guardbridge Paper Mill
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Generating plant (10) Parent record level Series
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Guardbridge Paper Company (collector)
Special Collections - Manuscript Collections
black-and-white film
Courtesy of the University of St Andrews Libraries and Museums, ID: ms38655/11/8/53
56 21 45 N, 002 53 28 W
Guardbridge
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Generating plant (10). University of St Andrews Collections. (2021). Retrieved 20 January 2021 from https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/item/generating-plant-10/619756.
"Generating plant (10)". 2021. University of St Andrews Collections. https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/item/generating-plant-10/619756
University of St Andrews Collections. 2021. Generating plant (10). [online] Available at: https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/item/generating-plant-10/619756 [Accessed 20 January 2021].
"Generating plant (10)". university of St Andrews Collections, 2021, https://collections.st-andrews.ac.uk/item/generating-plant-10/619756. Accessed 20 January 2021.
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Comics Fondle
you know you want to touch
Sons of Anarchy 23 (July 2013)
This issue of Sons of Anarchy doubles down on everything wrong about the comic.
Not wrong about it overall, but wrong in terms of the creative direction of the book. For example, Bergara doesn’t take enough time with the panels, so what’s this issue’s solution? Over-stylize him. It feels like a spoof of “Miami Vice” at times. The heavy stylization doesn’t even try to hide the lack of detail in the art.
And Ferrier’s script brings in the IRA, because it’s actually a comic book from the past. It’s set in the late 1980s, early 1990s when you just brought the IRA into something so you could have a familiar looking guest star but nothing too exotic. Only it’s a comic book and doing a gimmick like IRA vs. SAMCRO is astoundingly unimaginative.
There’s actually some decent stuff with one guy in a trailer park. Everything else is crap.
Writer, Ryan Ferrier; artist, Matías Bergara; colorist, Paul Little; letterer, Ed Dukeshire; editors, Mary Gumport and Dafna Pleban; publisher, Boom! Studios.
Howard the Duck 26 (July 1978)
Well… last things first. Winda gets assaulted and Gerber shucks it off page. After her startling–and entirely unnecessary–attack, Gerber just mentions her in Howard’s summing up of the issue’s misadventures.
Most of the comic involves him running around with the Circus of Crime and how he gets away from them. Gerber, Colan and Janson do a rather good human drama subplot too, which one of the Circus’s victims drunkenly reacting.
But then Gerber ties it all together and there’s not enough room to do it in scale so Colan is left to rush through it. And if anyone is going to do reaction shots instead of action shots, Colan should be the one to do them; he gets a lot of energy in them. It still feels like an unsteady issue. Gerber has enough story for two issues or at least one and a half.
It’s mostly good.
Repercussions…!; writer, Steve Gerber; penciller, Gene Colan; inker, Klaus Janson; colorist, Janice Cohen; letterer, Irving Watanabe; editors, Jim Shooter and Gerber; publisher, Marvel Comics.
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Community Currents
Catching Up Subscribe
Meet Brad Keeping: Third Engineer on the NF Lynx
Meet Captain Mike Hamer: At the helm of the Calvert
Meet Barbara Penney: An inspiring 20 Year Commitment to Keep Running for a Cure
Meet Lisa Ausum: A Laser-Focus For Quality Can Take You Places
Meet Andrew Reid: His Love For The Fishery Began As A Young Boy
Sea Cucumber: Finding new markets for the future
The Calvert – Investing in the Future
The Calvert’s Journey to St. John’s
The Calvert – A Green Class Vessel for Sustainable Harvesting
MV Calvert Nearing Completion and Supporting Year-Round Employment in Rural Communities
The Gathering Place receives fish from Ocean Choice to feed the hungry every Friday
Responding to the needs of youth, Kids Eat Smart COVID-19 response
Supporting meaningful employment for persons with intellectual disabilities in St. Lawrence
Our Fortune Employees Flip Pancakes for Kids
Supporting the Next Generation of Leaders
We are thrilled to announce that since October Ocean Choice has been providing Guests of The Gathering Place with a healthy meal of fish on Friday’s – something that we will continue throughout 2021.
“As a result of COVID-19, the number of Guests coming to The Gathering Place has been increasing daily. There are thousands of people every week in need of our services,” says Nancy Sullivan, Interim Executive Director, The Gathering Place. “This has put a tremendous strain on our operations. Thankfully, Ocean Choice has agreed to provide all the fish we need every Friday to feed the Guests of The Gathering Place. This time of year is particularly difficult for the most vulnerable in our society – they struggle for basics like food, clothing and shelter. This is where companies such as Ocean Choice and its employees come in.”
When we heard this, we knew we had to do something to help! When we reached out to The Gathering Place to see what we could do, they informed us that they struggle to provide their Guests with a consistent supply of healthy proteins, something that is extremely important to their health and wellness.
“We all know how COVID-19 is affecting everyone. But one thing we were really moved by here at home was the news of the dramatic increase in the number of people needing the services of The Gathering Place,” says Martin Sullivan, CEO, Ocean Choice. “Since seafood is our product we thought what would be better than to help feed the Guests of the Gathering Place. The work that the staff and volunteers at The Gathering Place do day in and day out is so important and to be able to support their work means a lot to us and our 1,700 employees.”
Ocean Choice is hoping to provide Guests with a wide variety of seafood, including Redfish, Halibut, Flounder and Cod, species that are harvested locally by the hundreds of crew employed on the Company’s offshore fishing vessels.
“Having a company like Ocean Choice provide a consistent source of quality protein, allows us to feed Guests a healthy meal of fish every week. This is extremely important for our Guests, as it will help support their immune systems to get them through the harsh winter months ahead,” says Brian Janes, Head Chef, The Gathering Place.
In addition to donating seafood, we felt it is also important for our employees to have an opportunity to pitch in and help out The Gathering Place. On Friday, December 11th several employees from Head Office headed to The Gathering Place to volunteer cooking and serving a meal of seafood for over 300 Guests at The Gathering Place – something that we all walked away from feeling extremely humbled by.
To keep the spirit of giving going throughout 2021, every month we will visit The Gathering Place to prepare and serve meals to Guests, sort through donations, and take on any additional work that The Gathering Place may require to help them continue to provide their Guests with the services they have come accustomed to receiving.
We look forward to supporting The Gathering Place and the extremely important work that their staff and team of volunteers carry out every single day to provide much needed services for their Guests.
© Ocean Choice International All Rights Reserved.
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Indo-European languages - Wikipedia
Indo-European languages
(Redirected from IE languages)
Large language family originating in Eurasia
"Indo-European" redirects here. For Eurasian people living in or connected with Indonesia, see Indo people. For other uses, see Indo-European (disambiguation).
Pre-colonial era: Eurasia
Today: Worldwide
c. 3.2 billion native speakers
Linguistic classification
One of the world's primary language families
Proto-language
Proto-Indo-European
Balto-Slavic (Baltic and Slavic languages)
Indo-Iranian (Indo-Aryan, Iranian, and Nuristani)
Italic (including Romance languages)
Anatolian †
Illyrian †(?)
Daco-Thracian †(?)
Tocharian †
Phrygian †
ISO 639-2 / 5
indo1319[1]
Present-day distribution of Indo-European languages in Eurasia:
Balto-Slavic (Baltic)
Balto-Slavic (Slavic)
Non-Indo-European languages
Dotted/striped areas indicate where multilingualism is common
Italicized branches mean only one extant language of the branch remains
† indicates this branch of the language family is extinct
Indo-European topics
List of Indo-European languages
Balto-Slavic
Indo-Aryan
Tocharian
Paleo-Balkan
Liburnian
Messapian
Mysian
Paeonian
Thracian
Proto-Indo-European language
Phonology: Sound laws, Accent, Ablaut
Daco-Thracian
Graeco-Armenian
Graeco-Aryan
Graeco-Phrygian
Indo-Hittite
Italo-Celtic
Thraco-Illyrian
Proto-Albanian
Proto-Anatolian
Proto-Germanic (Proto-Norse)
Proto-Celtic
Proto-Italic
Proto-Greek
Proto-Balto-Slavic (Proto-Slavic)
Proto-Indo-Iranian (Proto-Iranian)
Hittite texts
Hieroglyphic Luwian
Linear B
Rigveda
Behistun
Gaulish epigraphy
Latin epigraphy
Runic epigraphy
Gothic Bible
Armenian Bible
Slanting Brahmi
Old Irish glosses
Proto-Indo-Europeans
Kurgan hypothesis
Indo-European migrations
Eurasian nomads
Alternative and fringe
Anatolian hypothesis
Armenian hypothesis
Indigenous Aryans
Baltic homeland
Paleolithic Continuity Theory
Chalcolithic (Copper Age)
Pontic Steppe
Domestication of the horse
Kurgan culture
Steppe cultures
Bug–Dniester
Sredny Stog
Dnieper–Donets
Khvalynsk
Yamnaya
Mikhaylovka culture
Novotitorovka culture
Afanasievo
Usatovo
Cernavodă
Cucuteni
Corded ware
Middle Dnieper
Multi-cordoned ware
Poltavka
Srubna
Northern/Eastern Steppe
Abashevo culture
Andronovo
Sintashta
Globular Amphora
Unetice
Trzciniec
Nordic Bronze Age
Terramare
Tumulus
Urnfield
Lusatian
Gandhara grave
Chernoles
Thraco-Cimmerian
Jastorf
Colchian
Painted Grey Ware
Northern Black Polished Ware
Peoples and societies
Anatolian peoples (Hittites)
Mycenaean Greeks
Indo-Iranians
Indo-Aryans
Iranians
Parthians
Sarmatians
Massagetae
Alans
Wusun
Yuezhi
Gauls
Celtiberians
Insular Celts
Cimmerians
Hellenic peoples
Italic peoples
Germanic peoples
Paleo-Balkan/Anatolia
Dacians
Illyrians
Phrygians
Tocharians
Albanians
Slavs
Norsemen/Medieval Scandinavians
Greater Persia
Proto-Indo-European religion
Proto-Indo-Iranian religion
Ancient Iranian religion
Vedic
Yazidism
Yarsanism
Scythian
Paleo-Balkan (Albanian · Illyrian · Thracian · Dacian)
Fire sacrifice
Horse sacrifice
Winter solstice/Yule
Indo-European studies
Marija Gimbutas
J. P. Mallory
Copenhagen Studies in Indo-European
Journal of Indo-European Studies
Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
Indo-European Etymological Dictionary
The Indo-European languages are a large language family native to western Eurasia. It comprises most of the languages of Europe together with those of the northern Indian Subcontinent and the Iranian Plateau. A few of these languages, such as English and Spanish, have expanded through colonialism in the modern period and are now spoken across all continents. The Indo-European family is divided into several branches or sub-families, the largest of which are the Indo-Iranian, Germanic, Romance, and Balto-Slavic groups. The most populous individual languages within them are Spanish, English, Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu), Portuguese, Bengali, Punjabi, and Russian, each with over 100 million speakers. German, French, Marathi, Italian, and Persian have more than 50 million each. In total, 46% of the world's population (3.2 billion) speaks an Indo-European language as a first language, by far the highest of any language family. There are about 445 living Indo-European languages, according to the estimate by Ethnologue, with over two thirds (313) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch.[2]
All Indo-European languages are descendants of a single prehistoric language, reconstructed as Proto-Indo-European, spoken sometime in the Neolithic era. Its precise geographical location, the Indo-European urheimat, is unknown and has been the object of many competing hypotheses; the most widely accepted is the Kurgan hypothesis, which posits the urheimat to be the Pontic–Caspian steppe, associated with the Yamnaya culture around 3000 BC. By the time the first written records appeared, Indo-European had already evolved into numerous languages spoken across much of Europe and south-west Asia. Written evidence of Indo-European appeared during the Bronze Age in the form of Mycenaean Greek and the Anatolian languages, Hittite and Luwian. The oldest records are isolated Hittite words and names – interspersed in texts that are otherwise in the unrelated Old Assyrian language, a Semitic language – found in the texts of the Assyrian colony of Kültepe in eastern Anatolia in the 20th century BC.[3] Although no older written records of the original Proto-Indo-Europeans remain, some aspects of their culture and religion can be reconstructed from later evidence in the daughter cultures.[4] The Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as it possesses the second-longest recorded history of any known family, after the Afroasiatic family in the form of the Egyptian language and the Semitic languages. The analysis of the family relationships between the Indo-European languages and the reconstruction of their common source was central to the development of the methodology of historical linguistics as an academic discipline in the 19th century.
The Indo-European family is not known to be linked to any other language family through any more distant genetic relationship, although several disputed proposals to that effect have been made.
During the nineteenth century, the linguistic concept of Indo-European languages was frequently used interchangeably with the racial concepts of Aryan and Japhetite.[5]
1 History of Indo-European linguistics
2.1 Grouping
2.2 Tree versus wave model
2.3 Proposed subgroupings
2.4 Satem and centum languages
2.5 Suggested macrofamilies
3.1 Proto-Indo-European
3.2 Diversification
3.3 Important languages for reconstruction
3.4 Sound changes
3.5 Comparison of conjugations
4 Comparison of cognates
5 Present distribution
8.1 Citations
8.2 Sources
10.1 Databases
10.2 Lexica
History of Indo-European linguistics[edit]
See also: Indo-European studies § History
In the 16th century, European visitors to the Indian subcontinent began to notice similarities among Indo-Aryan, Iranian, and European languages. In 1583, English Jesuit missionary and Konkani scholar Thomas Stephens wrote a letter from Goa to his brother (not published until the 20th century)[6] in which he noted similarities between Indian languages and Greek and Latin.
Another account was made by Filippo Sassetti, a merchant born in Florence in 1540, who travelled to the Indian subcontinent. Writing in 1585, he noted some word similarities between Sanskrit and Italian (these included devaḥ/dio "God", sarpaḥ/serpe "serpent", sapta/sette "seven", aṣṭa/otto "eight", and nava/nove "nine").[6] However, neither Stephens' nor Sassetti's observations led to further scholarly inquiry.[6]
In 1647, Dutch linguist and scholar Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian.[7] He included in his hypothesis Dutch, Albanian, Greek, Latin, Persian, and German, later adding Slavic, Celtic, and Baltic languages. However, Van Boxhorn's suggestions did not become widely known and did not stimulate further research.
Franz Bopp, pioneer in the field of comparative linguistic studies.
Ottoman Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi visited Vienna in 1665–1666 as part of a diplomatic mission and noted a few similarities between words in German and in Persian. Gaston Coeurdoux and others made observations of the same type. Coeurdoux made a thorough comparison of Sanskrit, Latin and Greek conjugations in the late 1760s to suggest a relationship among them. Meanwhile, Mikhail Lomonosov compared different language groups, including Slavic, Baltic ("Kurlandic"), Iranian ("Medic"), Finnish, Chinese, "Hottentot" (Khoekhoe), and others, noting that related languages (including Latin, Greek, German and Russian) must have separated in antiquity from common ancestors.[8]
The hypothesis reappeared in 1786 when Sir William Jones first lectured on the striking similarities among three of the oldest languages known in his time: Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, to which he tentatively added Gothic, Celtic, and Persian,[9] though his classification contained some inaccuracies and omissions.[10] In one of the most famous quotations in linguistics, Jones made the following prescient statement in a lecture to the Asiatic Society of Bengal in 1786, conjecturing the existence of an earlier ancestor language, which he called "a common source" but did not name:
The Sanscrit [sic] language, whatever be its antiquity, is of a wonderful structure; more perfect than the Greek, more copious than the Latin, and more exquisitely refined than either, yet bearing to both of them a stronger affinity, both in the roots of verbs and the forms of grammar, than could possibly have been produced by accident; so strong indeed, that no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists.[note 1]
— Sir William Jones, Third Anniversary Discourse delivered 2 February 1786, ELIOHS[11]
Thomas Young first used the term Indo-European in 1813, deriving from the geographical extremes of the language family: from Western Europe to North India.[12][13] A synonym is Indo-Germanic (Idg. or IdG.), specifying the family's southeasternmost and northwesternmost branches. This first appeared in French (indo-germanique) in 1810 in the work of Conrad Malte-Brun; in most languages this term is now dated or less common than Indo-European, although in German indogermanisch remains the standard scientific term. A number of other synonymous terms have also been used.
Franz Bopp wrote in 1816 On the conjugational system of the Sanskrit language compared with that of Greek, Latin, Persian and Germanic[14] and between 1833 and 1852 he wrote Comparative Grammar. This marks the beginning of Indo-European studies as an academic discipline. The classical phase of Indo-European comparative linguistics leads from this work to August Schleicher's 1861 Compendium and up to Karl Brugmann's Grundriss, published in the 1880s. Brugmann's neogrammarian reevaluation of the field and Ferdinand de Saussure's development of the laryngeal theory may be considered the beginning of "modern" Indo-European studies. The generation of Indo-Europeanists active in the last third of the 20th century (such as Calvert Watkins, Jochem Schindler, and Helmut Rix) developed a better understanding of morphology and of ablaut in the wake of Kuryłowicz's 1956 Apophony in Indo-European, who in 1927 pointed out the existence of the Hittite consonant ḫ.[15] Kuryłowicz's discovery supported Ferdinand de Saussure's 1879 proposal of the existence of coefficients sonantiques, elements de Saussure reconstructed to account for vowel length alternations in Indo-European languages. This led to the so-called laryngeal theory, a major step forward in Indo-European linguistics and a confirmation of de Saussure's theory.[citation needed]
Classification[edit]
See also: Indo-European migrations
The various subgroups of the Indo-European language family include ten major branches, listed below in alphabetical order:
Albanian, attested from the 13th century AD;[16] Proto-Albanian evolved from an ancient Paleo-Balkan language, traditionally thought to be Illyrian;[17] however, the evidence supporting this is insufficient.[18]
Anatolian, extinct by Late Antiquity, spoken in Asia Minor, attested in isolated terms in Luwian/Hittite mentioned in Semitic Old Assyrian texts from the 20th and 19th centuries BC, Hittite texts from about 1650 BC.[19][20]
Armenian, attested from the early 5th century AD.
Balto-Slavic, believed by most Indo-Europeanists[21] to form a phylogenetic unit, while a minority ascribes similarities to prolonged language-contact.
Slavic (from Proto-Slavic), attested from the 9th century AD (possibly earlier), earliest texts in Old Church Slavonic. Slavic languages include Bulgarian, Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Silesian, Kashubian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian (Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, Serbian), Sorbian, Slovenian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Rusyn.
Baltic, attested from the 14th century AD; for languages first attested that recently, they retain unusually many archaic features attributed to Proto-Indo-European (PIE). Living examples are Lithuanian and Latvian.
Celtic (from Proto-Celtic), attested since the 6th century BC; Lepontic inscriptions date as early as the 6th century BC; Celtiberian from the 2nd century BC; Primitive Irish Ogham inscriptions from the 4th or 5th century AD, earliest inscriptions in Old Welsh from the 7th century AD. Modern Celtic languages include Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Scots Gaelic, Irish Gaelic and Manx.
Germanic (from Proto-Germanic), earliest attestations in runic inscriptions from around the 2nd century AD, earliest coherent texts in Gothic, 4th century AD. Old English manuscript tradition from about the 8th century AD. Includes English, Frisian, German, Dutch, Scots, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Afrikaans, Yiddish, Low German, Icelandic and Faroese.
Hellenic and Greek (from Proto-Greek, see also History of Greek); fragmentary records in Mycenaean Greek from between 1450 and 1350 BC have been found.[22] Homeric texts date to the 8th century BC.
Indo-Iranian, attested circa 1400 BC, descended from Proto-Indo-Iranian (dated to the late 3rd millennium BC).
Indo-Aryan (including Dardic), attested from around 1400 BC in Hittite texts from Asia Minor, showing traces of Indo-Aryan words.[23][24] Epigraphically from the 3rd century BC in the form of Prakrit (Edicts of Ashoka). The Rigveda is assumed to preserve intact records via oral tradition dating from about the mid-second millennium BC in the form of Vedic Sanskrit. Includes a wide range of modern languages from Northern India, Southern Pakistan and Bangladesh including Hindustani, Bengali, Odia, Assamese, Punjabi, Kashmiri, Gujarati, Marathi, Sindhi and Nepali as well as Sinhala of Sri Lanka and Dhivehi of the Maldives and Minicoy.
Iranian or Iranic, attested from roughly 1000 BC in the form of Avestan. Epigraphically from 520 BC in the form of Old Persian (Behistun inscription). Includes Persian, Ossetian, Pashto and Kurdish.
Nuristani (includes Kamkata-vari, Vasi-vari, Askunu, Waigali, Tregami, and Zemiaki).
Italic (from Proto-Italic), attested from the 7th century BC. Includes the ancient Osco-Umbrian languages, Faliscan, as well as Latin and its descendants, the Romance languages, such as Italian, Venetian, Galician, Sardinian, Neapolitan, Sicilian, Spanish, French, Romansh, Occitan, Portuguese, Romanian, and Catalan/Valencian.
Tocharian, with proposed links to the Afanasevo culture of Southern Siberia.[25] Extant in two dialects (Turfanian and Kuchean, or Tocharian A and B), attested from roughly the 6th to the 9th century AD. Marginalized by the Old Turkic Uyghur Khaganate and probably extinct by the 10th century.
In addition to the classical ten branches listed above, several extinct and little-known languages and language-groups have existed or are proposed to have existed:
Cimmerian: possibly Iranic, Thracian, or Celtic
Dacian: possibly very close to Thracian
Illyrian: possibly related to Albanian, Messapian, or both
Liburnian: doubtful affiliation, features shared with Venetic, Illyrian, and Indo-Hittite, significant transition of the Pre-Indo-European elements
Ligurian: possibly close to or part of Celtic.[26]
Lusitanian: possibly related to (or part of) Celtic, Ligurian, or Italic
Ancient Macedonian: proposed relationship to Greek.
Messapian: not conclusively deciphered
Paionian: extinct language once spoken north of Macedon
Phrygian: language of the ancient Phrygians
Sicel: an ancient language spoken by the Sicels (Greek Sikeloi, Latin Siculi), one of the three indigenous (i.e. pre-Greek and pre-Punic) tribes of Sicily. Proposed relationship to Latin or proto-Illyrian (Pre-Indo-European) at an earlier stage.[27]
Sorothaptic: proposed, pre-Celtic, Iberian language
Thracian: possibly including Dacian
Venetic: shares several similarities with Latin and the Italic languages, but also has some affinities with other IE languages, especially Germanic and Celtic.[28][29]
Grouping[edit]
Indo-European family tree in order of first attestation
Membership of languages in the Indo-European language family is determined by genealogical relationships, meaning that all members are presumed descendants of a common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European. Membership in the various branches, groups and subgroups of Indo-European is also genealogical, but here the defining factors are shared innovations among various languages, suggesting a common ancestor that split off from other Indo-European groups. For example, what makes the Germanic languages a branch of Indo-European is that much of their structure and phonology can be stated in rules that apply to all of them. Many of their common features are presumed innovations that took place in Proto-Germanic, the source of all the Germanic languages.
Tree versus wave model[edit]
See also: Language change
The "tree model" is considered an appropriate representation of the genealogical history of a language family if communities do not remain in contact after their languages have started to diverge. In this case, subgroups defined by shared innovations form a nested pattern. The tree model is not appropriate in cases where languages remain in contact as they diversify; in such cases subgroups may overlap, and the "wave model" is a more accurate representation.[30] Most approaches to Indo-European subgrouping to date have assumed that the tree model is by-and-large valid for Indo-European;[31] however, there is also a long tradition of wave-model approaches.[32][33][34]
In addition to genealogical changes, many of the early changes in Indo-European languages can be attributed to language contact. It has been asserted, for example, that many of the more striking features shared by Italic languages (Latin, Oscan, Umbrian, etc.) might well be areal features. More certainly, very similar-looking alterations in the systems of long vowels in the West Germanic languages greatly postdate any possible notion of a proto-language innovation (and cannot readily be regarded as "areal", either, because English and continental West Germanic were not a linguistic area). In a similar vein, there are many similar innovations in Germanic and Balto-Slavic that are far more likely areal features than traceable to a common proto-language, such as the uniform development of a high vowel (*u in the case of Germanic, *i/u in the case of Baltic and Slavic) before the PIE syllabic resonants *ṛ, *ḷ, *ṃ, *ṇ, unique to these two groups among IE languages, which is in agreement with the wave model. The Balkan sprachbund even features areal convergence among members of very different branches.
An extension to the Ringe-Warnow model of language evolution, suggests that early IE had featured limited contact between distinct lineages, with only the Germanic subfamily exhibiting a less treelike behaviour as it acquired some characteristics from neighbours early in its evolution. The internal diversification of especially West Germanic is cited to have been radically non-treelike.[35]
Proposed subgroupings[edit]
Hypothetical Indo-European
phylogenetic clades
Indo-Uralic
Specialists have postulated the existence of higher-order subgroups such as Italo-Celtic, Graeco-Armenian, Graeco-Aryan or Graeco-Armeno-Aryan, and Balto-Slavo-Germanic. However, unlike the ten traditional branches, these are all controversial to a greater or lesser degree.[36]
The Italo-Celtic subgroup was at one point uncontroversial, considered by Antoine Meillet to be even better established than Balto-Slavic.[37] The main lines of evidence included the genitive suffix -ī; the superlative suffix -m̥mo; the change of /p/ to /kʷ/ before another /kʷ/ in the same word (as in penkʷe > *kʷenkʷe > Latin quīnque, Old Irish cóic); and the subjunctive morpheme -ā-.[38] This evidence was prominently challenged by Calvert Watkins;[39] while Michael Weiss has argued for the subgroup.[40]
Evidence for a relationship between Greek and Armenian includes the regular change of the second laryngeal to a at the beginnings of words, as well as terms for "woman" and "sheep".[41] Greek and Indo-Iranian share innovations mainly in verbal morphology and patterns of nominal derivation.[42] Relations have also been proposed between Phrygian and Greek,[43] and between Thracian and Armenian.[44][45] Some fundamental shared features, like the aorist (a verb form denoting action without reference to duration or completion) having the perfect active particle -s fixed to the stem, link this group closer to Anatolian languages[46] and Tocharian. Shared features with Balto-Slavic languages, on the other hand (especially present and preterit formations), might be due to later contacts.[47]
The Indo-Hittite hypothesis proposes that the Indo-European language family consists of two main branches: one represented by the Anatolian languages and another branch encompassing all other Indo-European languages. Features that separate Anatolian from all other branches of Indo-European (such as the gender or the verb system) have been interpreted alternately as archaic debris or as innovations due to prolonged isolation. Points proffered in favour of the Indo-Hittite hypothesis are the (non-universal) Indo-European agricultural terminology in Anatolia[48] and the preservation of laryngeals.[49] However, in general this hypothesis is considered to attribute too much weight to the Anatolian evidence. According to another view, the Anatolian subgroup left the Indo-European parent language comparatively late, approximately at the same time as Indo-Iranian and later than the Greek or Armenian divisions. A third view, especially prevalent in the so-called French school of Indo-European studies, holds that extant similarities in non-satem languages in general—including Anatolian—might be due to their peripheral location in the Indo-European language-area and to early separation, rather than indicating a special ancestral relationship.[50] Hans J. Holm, based on lexical calculations, arrives at a picture roughly replicating the general scholarly opinion and refuting the Indo-Hittite hypothesis.[51]
Satem and centum languages[edit]
Main article: Centum and satem languages
Some significant isoglosses in Indo-European daughter languages at around 500 BC.
Blue: centum languages
Red: satem languages
Orange: languages with augment
Green: languages with PIE *-tt- > -ss-
Tan: languages with PIE *-tt- > -st-
Pink: languages with instrumental, dative and ablative plural endings (and some others) in *-m- rather than *-bh-
The division of the Indo-European languages into satem and centum groups was put forward by Peter von Bradke in 1890, although Karl Brugmann did propose a similar type of division in 1886. In the satem languages, which include the Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian branches, as well as (in most respects) Albanian and Armenian, the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European palatovelars remained distinct and were fricativized, while the labiovelars merged with the 'plain velars'. In the centum languages, the palatovelars merged with the plain velars, while the labiovelars remained distinct. The results of these alternative developments are exemplified by the words for "hundred" in Avestan (satem) and Latin (centum)—the initial palatovelar developed into a fricative [s] in the former, but became an ordinary velar [k] in the latter.
Rather than being a genealogical separation, the centum–satem division is commonly seen as resulting from innovative changes that spread across PIE dialect-branches over a particular geographical area; the centum–satem isogloss intersects a number of other isoglosses that mark distinctions between features in the early IE branches. It may be that the centum branches in fact reflect the original state of affairs in PIE, and only the satem branches shared a set of innovations, which affected all but the peripheral areas of the PIE dialect continuum.[52] Kortlandt proposes that the ancestors of Balts and Slavs took part in satemization before being drawn later into the western Indo-European sphere.[53]
Suggested macrofamilies[edit]
Some linguists propose that Indo-European languages form part of one of several hypothetical macrofamilies. However, these theories remain highly controversial and are not accepted by most linguists in the field. Some of the smaller proposed macrofamilies include:
Indo-Uralic, joining Indo-European with Uralic
Pontic, postulated by John Colarusso, which joins Indo-European with Northwest Caucasian
Other, greater proposed families including Indo-European languages, include:
Eurasiatic, a theory championed by Joseph Greenberg, comprising the Uralic, Altaic and various 'Paleosiberian' families (Ainu, Yukaghir, Nivkh, Chukotko-Kamchatkan, Eskimo-Aleut) and possibly others
Nostratic, comprising all or some of the Eurasiatic languages as well as the Kartvelian, Dravidian (or wider, Elamo-Dravidian) and Afroasiatic language families
Objections to such groupings are not based on any theoretical claim about the likely historical existence or non-existence of such macrofamilies; it is entirely reasonable to suppose that they might have existed. The serious difficulty lies in identifying the details of actual relationships between language families, because it is very hard to find concrete evidence that transcends chance resemblance, or is not equally likely explained as being due to borrowing (including Wanderwörter, which can travel very long distances). Because the signal-to-noise ratio in historical linguistics declines over time, at great enough time-depths it becomes open to reasonable doubt that one can even distinguish between signal and noise.
Evolution[edit]
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Main article: Proto-Indo-European language
Scheme of Indo-European migrations from ca. 4000 to 1000 BC according to the Kurgan hypothesis.
The proposed Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, spoken by the Proto-Indo-Europeans. From the 1960s, knowledge of Anatolian became certain enough to establish its relationship to PIE. Using the method of internal reconstruction, an earlier stage, called Pre-Proto-Indo-European, has been proposed.
PIE was an inflected language, in which the grammatical relationships between words were signaled through inflectional morphemes (usually endings). The roots of PIE are basic morphemes carrying a lexical meaning. By addition of suffixes, they form stems, and by addition of endings, these form grammatically inflected words (nouns or verbs). The reconstructed Indo-European verb system is complex and, like the noun, exhibits a system of ablaut.
Diversification[edit]
Possible expansion of Indo-European languages according to the Kurgan hypothesis
IE languages c. 3500 BC
IE languages c. 500 AD
The diversification of the parent language into the attested branches of daughter languages is historically unattested. The timeline of the evolution of the various daughter languages, on the other hand, is mostly undisputed, quite regardless of the question of Indo-European origins.
Using a mathematical analysis borrowed from evolutionary biology, Don Ringe and Tandy Warnow propose the following evolutionary tree of Indo-European branches:[54]
Pre-Anatolian (before 3500 BC)
Pre-Tocharian
Pre-Italic and Pre-Celtic (before 2500 BC)
Pre-Armenian and Pre-Greek (after 2500 BC)
Proto-Indo-Iranian (2000 BC)
Pre-Germanic and Pre-Balto-Slavic;[54] proto-Germanic c. 500 BC[55]
David Anthony proposes the following sequence:[56]
Pre-Anatolian (4200 BC)
Pre-Tocharian (3700 BC)
Pre-Germanic (3300 BC)
Pre-Italic and Pre-Celtic (3000 BC)
Pre-Armenian (2800 BC)
Pre-Balto-Slavic (2800 BC)
Pre-Greek (2500 BC)
Proto-Indo-Iranian (2200 BC); split between Iranian and Old Indic 1800 BC
From 1500 BC the following sequence may be given:[citation needed]
1500–1000 BC: The Nordic Bronze Age develops pre-Proto-Germanic, and the (pre)-Proto-Celtic Urnfield and Hallstatt cultures emerge in Central Europe, introducing the Iron Age. Migration of the Proto-Italic speakers into the Italian peninsula (Bagnolo stele). Redaction of the Rigveda and rise of the Vedic civilization in the Punjab. The Mycenaean civilization gives way to the Greek Dark Ages. Hittite goes extinct.
1000–500 BC: The Celtic languages spread over Central and Western Europe. Baltic languages are spoken in a huge area from present-day Poland to the Ural Mountains.[57] Proto Germanic. Homer and the beginning of Classical Antiquity. The Vedic Civilization gives way to the Mahajanapadas. Siddhartha Gautama preaches Buddhism. Zoroaster composes the Gathas, rise of the Achaemenid Empire, replacing the Elamites and Babylonia. Separation of Proto-Italic into Osco-Umbrian and Latin-Faliscan. Genesis of the Greek and Old Italic alphabets. A variety of Paleo-Balkan languages are spoken in Southern Europe.
500 BC – 1 BC/AD: Classical Antiquity: spread of Greek and Latin throughout the Mediterranean and, during the Hellenistic period (Indo-Greeks), to Central Asia and the Hindukush. Kushan Empire, Mauryan Empire. Proto-Germanic.
1 BC – AD 500: Late Antiquity, Gupta period; attestation of Armenian. Proto-Slavic. The Roman Empire and then the Migration period marginalize the Celtic languages to the British Isles. Sogdian, an Eastern Iranian language, becomes the lingua franca of the Silk Road in Central Asia leading to China, due to the proliferation of Sogdian merchants there. The last of the Anatolian languages are extinct.
500–1000: Early Middle Ages. The Viking Age forms an Old Norse koine spanning Scandinavia, the British Isles and Iceland. The Islamic conquest and the Turkic expansion results in the Arabization and Turkification of significant areas where Indo-European languages were spoken. Tocharian is extinct in the course of the Turkic expansion while Northeastern Iranian (Scytho-Sarmatian) is reduced to small refugia. Slavic languages spread over wide areas in central, eastern and southeastern Europe, largely replacing Romance in the Balkans (with the exception of Romanian) and whatever was left of the paleo-Balkan languages with the exception of Albanian.
1000–1500: Late Middle Ages: Attestation of Albanian and Baltic.
1500–2000: Early Modern period to present: Colonialism results in the spread of Indo-European languages to every continent, most notably Romance (North, Central and South America, North and Sub-Saharan Africa, West Asia), West Germanic (English in North America, Sub-Saharan Africa, East Asia and Australia; to a lesser extent Dutch and German), and Russian to Central Asia and North Asia.
Important languages for reconstruction[edit]
In reconstructing the history of the Indo-European languages and the form of the Proto-Indo-European language, some languages have been of particular importance. These generally include the ancient Indo-European languages that are both well-attested and documented at an early date, although some languages from later periods are important if they are particularly linguistically conservative (most notably, Lithuanian). Early poetry is of special significance because of the rigid poetic meter normally employed, which makes it possible to reconstruct a number of features (e.g. vowel length) that were either unwritten or corrupted in the process of transmission down to the earliest extant written manuscripts.
Most noticeable of all:[58]
Vedic Sanskrit (c. 1500–500 BC). This language is unique in that its source documents were all composed orally, and were passed down through oral tradition (shakha schools) for c. 2,000 years before ever being written down. The oldest documents are all in poetic form; oldest and most important of all is the Rigveda (c. 1500 BC).
Ancient Greek (c. 750–400 BC). Mycenaean Greek (c. 1450 BC) is the oldest recorded form, but its value is lessened by the limited material, restricted subject matter, and highly ambiguous writing system. More important is Ancient Greek, documented extensively beginning with the two Homeric poems (the Iliad and the Odyssey, c. 750 BC).
Hittite (c. 1700–1200 BC). This is the earliest-recorded of all Indo-European languages, and highly divergent from the others due to the early separation of the Anatolian languages from the remainder. It possesses some highly archaic features found only fragmentarily, if at all, in other languages. At the same time, however, it appears to have undergone many early phonological and grammatical changes which, combined with the ambiguities of its writing system, hinder its usefulness somewhat.
Other primary sources:
Latin, attested in a huge amount of poetic and prose material in the Classical period (c. 200 BC – 100 AD) and limited older material from as early as c. 600 BC.
Gothic (the most archaic well-documented Germanic language, c. 350 AD), along with the combined witness of the other old Germanic languages: most importantly, Old English (c. 800–1000 AD), Old High German (c. 750–1000 AD) and Old Norse (c. 1100–1300 AD, with limited earlier sources dating all the way back to c. 200 AD).
Old Avestan (c. 1700–1200 BC) and Younger Avestan (c. 900 BC). Documentation is sparse, but nonetheless quite important due to its highly archaic nature.
Modern Lithuanian, with limited records in Old Lithuanian (c. 1500–1700 AD).
Old Church Slavonic (c. 900–1000 AD).
Other secondary sources, of lesser value due to poor attestation:
Luwian, Lycian, Lydian and other Anatolian languages (c. 1400–400 BC).
Oscan, Umbrian and other Old Italic languages (c. 600–200 BC).
Old Persian (c. 500 BC).
Old Prussian (c. 1350–1600 AD); even more archaic than Lithuanian.
Other secondary sources, of lesser value due to extensive phonological changes and relatively limited attestation:[59]
Old Irish (c. 700–850 AD).
Tocharian (c. 500–800 AD), underwent large phonetic shifts and mergers in the proto-language, and has an almost entirely reworked declension system.
Classical Armenian (c. 400–1000 AD).
Albanian (c. 1450–current time).
Sound changes[edit]
Main article: Indo-European sound laws
As the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) language broke up, its sound system diverged as well, changing according to various sound laws evidenced in the daughter languages.
PIE is normally reconstructed with a complex system of 15 stop consonants, including an unusual three-way phonation (voicing) distinction between voiceless, voiced and "voiced aspirated" (i.e. breathy voiced) stops, and a three-way distinction among velar consonants (k-type sounds) between "palatal" ḱ ǵ ǵh, "plain velar" k g gh and labiovelar kʷ gʷ gʷh. (The correctness of the terms palatal and plain velar is disputed; see Proto-Indo-European phonology.) All daughter languages have reduced the number of distinctions among these sounds, often in divergent ways.
As an example, in English, one of the Germanic languages, the following are some of the major changes that happened:
As in other centum languages, the "plain velar" and "palatal" stops merged, reducing the number of stops from 15 to 12.
As in the other Germanic languages, the Germanic sound shift changed the realization of all stop consonants, with each consonant shifting to a different one:
bʰ → b → p → f
dʰ → d → t → θ
gʰ → g → k → x (Later initial x →h)
gʷʰ → gʷ → kʷ → xʷ (Later initial xʷ →hʷ)
Each original consonant shifted one position to the right. For example, original dʰ became d, while original d became t and original t became θ (written th in English). This is the original source of the English sounds written f, th, h and wh. Examples, comparing English with Latin, where the sounds largely remain unshifted:
For PIE p: piscis vs. fish; pēs, pēdis vs. foot; pluvium "rain" vs. flow; pater vs. father
For PIE t: trēs vs. three; māter vs. mother
For PIE d: decem vs. ten; pēdis vs. foot; quid vs. what
For PIE k: centum vs. hund(red); capere "to take" vs. have
For PIE kʷ: quid vs. what; quandō vs. when
Various further changes affected consonants in the middle or end of a word:
The voiced stops resulting from the sound shift were softened to voiced fricatives (or perhaps the sound shift directly generated fricatives in these positions).
Verner's law also turned some of the voiceless fricatives resulting from the sound shift into voiced fricatives or stops. This is why the t in Latin centum ends up as d in hund(red) rather than the expected th.
Most remaining h sounds disappeared, while remaining f and th became voiced. For example, Latin decem ends up as ten with no h in the middle (but note taíhun "ten" in Gothic, an archaic Germanic language). Similarly, the words seven and have have a voiced v (compare Latin septem, capere), while father and mother have a voiced th, although not spelled differently (compare Latin pater, māter).
None of the daughter-language families (except possibly Anatolian, particularly Luvian) reflect the plain velar stops differently from the other two series, and there is even a certain amount of dispute whether this series existed at all in PIE. The major distinction between centum and satem languages corresponds to the outcome of the PIE plain velars:
The "central" satem languages (Indo-Iranian, Balto-Slavic, Albanian, and Armenian) reflect both "plain velar" and labiovelar stops as plain velars, often with secondary palatalization before a front vowel (e i ē ī). The "palatal" stops are palatalized and often appear as sibilants (usually but not always distinct from the secondarily palatalized stops).
The "peripheral" centum languages (Germanic, Italic, Celtic, Greek, Anatolian and Tocharian) reflect both "palatal" and "plain velar" stops as plain velars, while the labiovelars continue unchanged, often with later reduction into plain labial or velar consonants.
The three-way PIE distinction between voiceless, voiced and voiced aspirated stops is considered extremely unusual from the perspective of linguistic typology—particularly in the existence of voiced aspirated stops without a corresponding series of voiceless aspirated stops. None of the various daughter-language families continue it unchanged, with numerous "solutions" to the apparently unstable PIE situation:
The Indo-Aryan languages preserve the three series unchanged but have evolved a fourth series of voiceless aspirated consonants.
The Iranian languages probably passed through the same stage, subsequently changing the aspirated stops into fricatives.
Greek converted the voiced aspirates into voiceless aspirates.
Italic probably passed through the same stage, but reflects the voiced aspirates as voiceless fricatives, especially f (or sometimes plain voiced stops in Latin).
Celtic, Balto-Slavic, Anatolian, and Albanian merge the voiced aspirated into plain voiced stops.
Germanic and Armenian change all three series in a chain shift (e.g. with bh b p becoming b p f (known as Grimm's law in Germanic).
Among the other notable changes affecting consonants are:
The Ruki sound law (s becomes /ʃ/ before r, u, k, i) in the satem languages.
Loss of prevocalic p in Proto-Celtic.
Development of prevocalic s to h in Proto-Greek, with later loss of h between vowels.
Verner's law in Proto-Germanic.
Grassmann's law (dissimilation of aspirates) independently in Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian.
The following table shows the basic outcomes of PIE consonants in some of the most important daughter languages for the purposes of reconstruction. For a fuller table, see Indo-European sound laws.
Proto-Indo-European consonants and their reflexes in selected Indo-European daughter languages
Skr.
O.C.S.
Lith.
Old Irish
Gk.
Lith. etc.
Prs.
p; phH p Ø;
chT [x] f;
`-b- [β] f;
-v/f- *pṓds ~ *ped- foot pád- poús (podós) pēs (pedis) pãdas Piáde
t; thH t t;
-th- [θ] þ [θ];
`-d- [ð];
tT- th;
`-d-;
tT- *tréyes three tráyas treĩs trēs trỹs thri (old Persian)
*ḱ
ś [ɕ] s š [ʃ] k c [k] c [k];
-ch- [x] h;
`-g- [ɣ] h;
-Ø-;
`-y- *ḱm̥tóm hund(red) śatám he-katón centum šimtas sad
k; cE [tʃ];
khH k;
čE [tʃ];
cE' [ts] k *kreuh₂
"raw meat" OE hrēaw
raw kravíṣ- kréas cruor kraûjas xoreš
*kʷ
tE;
k(u) qu [kʷ];
c(O) [k] ƕ [ʍ];
`-gw/w- wh;
`-w- *kʷid, kʷod what kím tí quid, quod kas, kad ce, ci
*kʷekʷlom wheel cakrá- kúklos kãklas carx
b; bhH b b [b];
-[β]- p
d; dhH d d [d];
-[ð]- t *déḱm̥(t) ten,
Goth. taíhun dáśa déka decem dẽšimt dah
*ǵ
j [dʒ];
hH [ɦ] z ž [ʒ] g g [ɡ];
-[ɣ]- k c / k;
chE' *ǵénu, *ǵnéu- OE cnēo
knee jā́nu gónu genu zánu
g;
jE [dʒ];
ghH;
hH,E [ɦ] g;
žE [ʒ];
dzE' g *yugóm yoke yugám zugón iugum jùngas yugh
*gʷ
b;
de;
g(u) u [w > v];
gun− [ɡʷ] b [b];
-[β]- q [kʷ] qu *gʷīw- quick
"alive" jīvá- bíos,
bíotos vīvus gývas ze-
*bʰ
bh;
b..Ch b ph;
p..Ch f-;
b b [b];
-[β]-;
-f b;
-v/f-(rl) *bʰerō bear "carry" bhar- phérō ferō OCS berǫ bar-
*dʰ
dh;
d..Ch d th;
t..Ch f-;
b(r),l,u- d [d];
-[ð]- d [d];
-[ð]-;
-þ d *dʰwer-, dʰur- door dhvā́raḥ thurā́ forēs dùrys dar
*ǵʰ
h [ɦ];
j..Ch z ž [ʒ] kh;
k..Ch h;
h/gR g [ɡ];
-[ɣ]- g;
-g- [ɣ];
-g [x] g;
-y/w-(rl) *ǵʰans- goose,
OHG gans haṁsáḥ khḗn (h)ānser žąsìs gház
*gʰ
gh;
hE [ɦ];
g..Ch;
jE..Ch g;
dzE' g
*gʷʰ
thE;
kh(u);
p..Ch;
tE..Ch;
k(u)..Ch f-;
-u- [w];
ngu [ɡʷ] g;
b-;
-w-;
ngw g;
-w- *sneigʷʰ- snow sneha- nípha nivis sniẽgas barf
*gʷʰerm- ??warm gharmáḥ thermós formus Latv. gar̂me garm
s h-;
-s;
s(T);
[¯](R) s;
-r- s [s];
-[h]- s;
`-z- s;
`-r- *septḿ̥ seven saptá heptá septem septynì haft
ṣruki- [ʂ] xruki- [x] šruki- [ʃ] *h₂eusōs
"dawn" east uṣā́ḥ āṓs aurōra aušra báxtar
m m [m];
-[w̃]- m *mūs mouse mū́ṣ- mũs mūs OCS myšĭ muš
*-m
-m -˛ [˜] -n -m -n -Ø *ḱm̥tóm hund(red) śatám (he)katón centum OPrus simtan sad
n n;
-˛ [˜] n *nokʷt- night nákt- núkt- noct- naktis náštá
r (dial. l) l *leuk- light rócate leukós lūx laũkas ruz
r *h₁reudʰ- red rudhirá- eruthrós ruber raũdas sorx
*i̯
y [j] j [j] z [dz > zd, z] /
h;
-Ø- i [j];
-Ø- Ø j y *yugóm yoke yugám zugón iugum jùngas yugh
*u̯
v [ʋ] v v [ʋ] w > h / Ø u [w > v] f;
-Ø- w *h₂weh₁n̥to- wind vā́taḥ áenta ventus vėtra bád
C- At the beginning of a word.
-C- Between vowels.
-C At the end of a word.
`-C- Following an unstressed vowel (Verner's law).
-C-(rl) Between vowels, or between a vowel and r, l (on either side).
CT Before a (PIE) stop (p, t, k).
CT− After a (PIE) obstruent (p, t, k, etc.; s).
C(T) Before or after an obstruent (p, t, k, etc.; s).
CH Before an original laryngeal.
CE Before a (PIE) front vowel (i, e).
CE' Before secondary (post-PIE) front-vowels.
Ce Before e.
C(u) Before or after a (PIE) u (boukólos rule).
C(O) Before or after a (PIE) o, u (boukólos rule).
Cn− After n.
CR Before a sonorant (r, l, m, n).
C(R) Before or after a sonorant (r, l, m, n).
C(r),l,u− Before r, l or after r, u.
Cruki− After r, u, k, i (Ruki sound law).
C..Ch Before an aspirated consonant in the next syllable (Grassmann's law, also known as dissimilation of aspirates).
CE..Ch Before a (PIE) front vowel (i, e) as well as before an aspirated consonant in the next syllable (Grassmann's law, also known as dissimilation of aspirates).
C(u)..Ch Before or after a (PIE) u as well as before an aspirated consonant in the next syllable (Grassmann's law, also known as dissimilation of aspirates).
Comparison of conjugations[edit]
The following table presents a comparison of conjugations of the thematic present indicative of the verbal root *bʰer- of the English verb to bear and its reflexes in various early attested IE languages and their modern descendants or relatives, showing that all languages had in the early stage an inflectional verb system.
(*bʰer- 'to carry, to bear')
I (1st sg.)
*bʰéroh₂
You (2nd sg.)
*bʰéresi
He/She/It (3rd sg.)
*bʰéreti
We (1st dual)
*bʰérowos
You (2nd dual)
*bʰéreth₁es
They (3rd dual)
*bʰéretes
We (1st pl.)
*bʰéromos
You (2nd pl.)
*bʰérete
They (3rd pl.)
*bʰéronti
Major subgroup
Ancient representative
Vedic Sanskrit
Classical Arm.
Old Prussian
Old Church Sl.
Old Albanian
phérō bʰárāmi barā ferō biru; berim berem baíra /bɛra/ *bera berǫ *berja
phéreis bʰárasi barahi fers biri; berir beres baíris *bera bereši *berje
phérei bʰárati baraiti fert berid berē baíriþ *bera beretъ *berjet
— bʰárāvas barāvahi — — — baíros — berevě —
phéreton bʰárathas — — — — baírats — bereta —
phéreton bʰáratas baratō — — — — — berete —
phéromen bʰárāmas barāmahi ferimus bermai beremk` baíram *beramai beremъ *berjame
phérete bʰáratha baraϑa fertis beirthe berēk` baíriþ *beratei berete *berjeju
phérousi bʰáranti barəṇti ferunt berait beren baírand *bera berǫtъ *berjanti
Modern representative
Armenian (Eastern; Western)
férno (mɜm̥) bʰarūm̥ (man) {mi}baram (trans)firo beirim berum em; g'perem (ich) {ge}bäre beriu beru (unë) bie
férnis (tū) bʰarē (tu) {mi}bari (trans)feres beirir berum es; g'peres (du) {ge}bierst beri bereš (ti) bie
férni (vah) bʰarē (ān) {mi}barad (trans)fere beireann; beiridh berum ē; g'perē (er)(sie)(es) {ge}biert beria bere (ai/ajo) bie
— — — — — — — beriava — —
— — — — — — — beriata — —
— — — — — — — beria — —
férnume (ham) bʰarēm̥ (mā) {mi}barim (trans)ferimos beirimid; beiream berum enk`; g'perenk` (wir) {ge}bären beriame berem(e) (ne) biem
férnete (tum) bʰaro (šomā) {mi}barid (trans)feris beireann sibh; beirthaoi berum ek`; g'perek` (ihr) {ge}bärt beriate berete (ju) bini
férnun (ve) bʰarēm̥ (ānān) {mi}barand (trans)ferem beirid berum en; g'peren (sie) {ge}bären beria berou (ata/ato) bien
While similarities are still visible between the modern descendants and relatives of these ancient languages, the differences have increased over time. Some IE languages have moved from synthetic verb systems to largely periphrastic systems. In addition, the pronouns of periphrastic forms are in brackets when they appear. Some of these verbs have undergone a change in meaning as well.
In Modern Irish beir usually only carries the meaning to bear in the sense of bearing a child; its common meanings are to catch, grab.
The Hindi verb bʰarnā, the continuation of the Sanskrit verb, can have a variety of meanings, but the most common is "to fill". The forms given in the table, although etymologically derived from the present indicative, now have the meaning of subjunctive. The present indicative is conjugated periphrastically, using a participle (etymologically the Sanskrit present participle bʰarant-) and an auxiliary: mè̃ bʰartā hū̃, tū bʰartā hè, vah bʰartā hè, ham bʰarte hè̃, tum bʰarte ho, ve bʰarte hè̃ (masculine forms).
German is not directly descended from Gothic, but the Gothic forms are a close approximation of what the early West Germanic forms of c. 400 AD would have looked like. The cognate of Germanic beranan (English bear) survives in German only in the compound gebären, meaning "bear (a child)".
The Latin verb ferre is irregular, and not a good representative of a normal thematic verb. In most Romance Languages such as French, other verbs now mean "to carry" (e.g. Fr. porter < Lat. portare) and ferre was borrowed and nativized only in compounds such as souffrir "to suffer" (from Latin sub- and ferre) and conférer "to confer" (from Latin "con-" and "ferre").
In Modern Greek, phero φέρω (modern transliteration fero) "to bear" is still used but only in specific contexts and is most common in such compounds as αναφέρω, διαφέρω, εισφέρω, εκφέρω, καταφέρω, προφέρω, προαναφέρω, προσφέρω etc. The form that is (very) common today is pherno φέρνω (modern transliteration ferno) meaning "to bring". Additionally, the perfective form of pherno (used for the subjunctive voice and also for the future tense) is also phero.
In Modern Russian брать (brat') carries the meaning to take. Бремя (br'em'a) means burden, as something heavy to bear, and derivative беременность (b'er'em'ennost') means pregnancy.
Comparison of cognates[edit]
Main article: Indo-European vocabulary
See also: Proto-Indo-European numerals and List of numbers in various languages
Present distribution[edit]
Countries where Indo-European language family is majority native
Countries where Indo-European language family is official but not majority native
Countries where Indo-European language family is not official
The approximate present-day distribution of Indo-European languages within the Americas by country:
Portuguese–Galician
Germanic:
Today, Indo-European languages are spoken by 3.2 billion native speakers across all inhabited continents,[60] the largest number by far for any recognised language family. Of the 20 languages with the largest numbers of native speakers according to Ethnologue, 10 are Indo-European: Spanish, English, Hindustani, Portuguese, Bengali, Russian, Punjabi, German, French, and Marathi, accounting for over 1.7 billion native speakers.[61] Additionally, hundreds of millions of persons worldwide study Indo-European languages as secondary or tertiary languages, including in cultures which have completely different language families and historical backgrounds—there are between 600 million[62] and one billion[63] L2 learners of English alone.
The success of the language family, including the large number of speakers and the vast portions of the Earth that they inhabit, is due to several factors. The ancient Indo-European migrations and widespread dissemination of Indo-European culture throughout Eurasia, including that of the Proto-Indo-Europeans themselves, and that of their daughter cultures including the Indo-Aryans, Iranian peoples, Celts, Greeks, Romans, Germanic peoples, and Slavs, led to these peoples' branches of the language family already taking a dominant foothold in virtually all of Eurasia except for swathes of the Near East, North and East Asia, replacing many (but not all) of the previously-spoken pre-Indo-European languages of this extensive area. However Semitic languages remain dominant in much of the Middle East and North Africa, and Caucasian languages in much of the Caucasus region. Similarly in Europe and the Urals the Uralic languages (such as Hungarian, Finnish, Estonian etc) remain, as does Basque, a pre-Indo-European Isolate.
Despite being unaware of their common linguistic origin, diverse groups of Indo-European speakers continued to culturally dominate and often replace the indigenous languages of the western two-thirds of Eurasia. By the beginning of the Common Era, Indo-European peoples controlled almost the entirety of this area: the Celts western and central Europe, the Romans southern Europe, the Germanic peoples northern Europe, the Slavs eastern Europe, the Iranian peoples most of western and central Asia and parts of eastern Europe, and the Indo-Aryan peoples in the Indian subcontinent, with the Tocharians inhabiting the Indo-European frontier in western China. By the medieval period, only the Semitic, Dravidian, Caucasian, and Uralic languages, and the language isolate Basque remained of the (relatively) indigenous languages of Europe and the western half of Asia.
Despite medieval invasions by Eurasian nomads, a group to which the Proto-Indo-Europeans had once belonged, Indo-European expansion reached another peak in the early modern period with the dramatic increase in the population of the Indian subcontinent and European expansionism throughout the globe during the Age of Discovery, as well as the continued replacement and assimilation of surrounding non-Indo-European languages and peoples due to increased state centralization and nationalism. These trends compounded throughout the modern period due to the general global population growth and the results of European colonization of the Western Hemisphere and Oceania, leading to an explosion in the number of Indo-European speakers as well as the territories inhabited by them.
Due to colonization and the modern dominance of Indo-European languages in the fields of politics, global science, technology, education, finance, and sports, even many modern countries whose populations largely speak non-Indo-European languages have Indo-European languages as official languages, and the majority of the global population speaks at least one Indo-European language. The overwhelming majority of languages used on the Internet are Indo-European, with English continuing to lead the group; English in general has in many respects become the lingua franca of global communication.
Grammatical conjugation
The Horse, the Wheel, and Language (book)
Indo-European copula
Indo-European sound laws
Indo-Semitic languages
Indo-Uralic languages
Eurasiatic languages
Languages of Asia
Languages of Europe
Proto-Indo-European root
^ The sentence goes on to say, equally correctly as it turned out: "...here is a similar reason, though not quite so forcible, for supposing that both the Gothic and the Celtic, though blended with a very different idiom, had the same origin with the Sanscrit; and the old Persian might be added to the same family."
Citations[edit]
^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Indo-European". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
^ "Ethnologue report for Indo-European". Ethnologue.com.
^ Bryce, Trevor (2005). Kingdom of the Hittites: New Edition. Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 978-0-19-928132-9.
^ Mallory, J. P. (2006). The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 442. ISBN 9780-199287918.
^ Colin Kidd (2006). The Forging of Races: Race and Scripture in the Protestant Atlantic World, 1600–2000. Cambridge University Press. pp. 23–. ISBN 978-1-139-45753-8.
^ a b c Auroux, Sylvain (2000). History of the Language Sciences. Berlin, New York: Walter de Gruyter. p. 1156. ISBN 978-3-11-016735-1.
^ Beekes, Robert S.P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
^ M.V. Lomonosov (drafts for Russian Grammar, published 1755). In: Complete Edition, Moscow, 1952, vol. 7, pp. 652–59: Представимъ долготу времени, которою сіи языки раздѣлились. ... Польской и россійской языкъ коль давно раздѣлились! Подумай же, когда курляндской! Подумай же, когда латинской, греч., нѣм., росс. О глубокая древность! [Imagine the depth of time when these languages separated! ... Polish and Russian separated so long ago! Now think how long ago [this happened to] Kurlandic! Think when [this happened to] Latin, Greek, German, and Russian! Oh, great antiquity!]
^ "Indo-European Practice and Historical Methodology (cited on pp. 14–15)" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-07.
^ Roger Blench. "Archaeology and Language: methods and issues" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on May 17, 2006. Retrieved May 29, 2010. In: A Companion To Archaeology. J. Bintliff ed. 52–74. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 2004. (He erroneously included Egyptian, Japanese, and Chinese in the Indo-European languages, while omitting Hindi.)
^ Jones, William (2 February 1786). "The Third Anniversary Discourse". Electronic Library of Historiography. Universita degli Studi Firenze, taken from: Shore (Lord Teignmouth), John (1807). The Works of Sir William Jones. With a Life of the Author. III. John Stockdale and John Walker. pp. 24–46. OCLC 899731310.
^ Robinson, Andrew (2007). The Last Man Who Knew Everything: Thomas Young, the Anonymous Genius who Proved Newton Wrong and Deciphered the Rosetta Stone, among Other Surprising Feats. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-13-134304-7.
^ In London Quarterly Review X/2 1813.; cf. Szemerényi 1999:12, footnote 6
^ Franz Bopp (2010) [1816]. Über das Conjugationssystem der Sanskritsprache : in Vergleichung mit jenem der griechischen, lateinischen, persischen und germanischen Sprache. Documenta Semiotica : Serie 1, Linguistik (2 ed.). Hildesheim: Olms.
^ Kurylowicz, Jerzy (1927). "ə indo-européen et ḫ hittite". In Taszycki, W.; Doroszewski, W. (eds.). Symbolae grammaticae in honorem Ioannis Rozwadowski. 1. pp. 95–104.
^ Elsie, Robert (2005). "Theodor of Shkodra (1210) and Other Early Texts". Albanian Literature: A Short History. New York/Westport/London: I.B.Tauris. p. 5.
^ In his latest book, Eric Hamp supports the thesis that the Illyrian language belongs to the Northwestern group, that the Albanian language is descended from Illyrian, and that Albanian is related to Messapic which is an earlier Illyrian dialect (Comparative Studies on Albanian, 2007).
^ Curtis, Matthew Cowan (2011-11-30). Slavic–Albanian Language Contact, Convergence, and Coexistence. ProQuest LLC. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-267-58033-7. Retrieved 31 March 2017. So while linguists may debate about the ties between Albanian and older languages of the Balkans, and while most Albanians may take the genealogical connection to Illyrian as incontrovertible, the fact remains that there is simply insufficient evidence to connect Illyrian, Thracian, or Dacian with any language, including Albanian
^ "The peaks and troughs of Hittite". www.leidenuniv.nl. 2 May 2006.
^ Güterbock, Hans G. "The Hittite Computer Analysis Project" (PDF).
^ such as Schleicher 1861, Szemerényi 1957, Collinge 1985, and Beekes 1995
^ "Tablet Discovery Pushes Earliest European Writing Back 150 Years". Science 2.0. 30 March 2011.
^ Indian History. Allied Publishers. 1988. p. 114. ISBN 978-81-8424-568-4.
^ Mark, Joshua J. (28 April 2011). "Mitanni". Ancient History Encyclopedia.
^ David W. Anthony, "Two IE phylogenies, three PIE migrations, and four kinds of steppe pastoralism", Journal of Language Relationship, vol. 9 (2013), pp. 1–22
^ Kruta, Venceslas (1991). The Celts. Thames and Hudson. p. 54.
^ Fine, John (1985). The ancient Greeks: a critical history. Harvard University Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-674-03314-6. "Most scholars now believe that the Sicans and Sicels, as well as the inhabitants of southern Italy, were basically of Illyrian stock superimposed on an aboriginal 'Mediterranean' population."
^ Michel Lejeune (1974), Manuel de la langue vénète. Heidelberg: Indogermanische Bibliothek, Lehr- und Handbücher.[page needed]
^ Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch. Publisher Bern.[page needed]
^ François, Alexandre (2014), "Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification" (PDF), in Bowern, Claire; Evans, Bethwyn (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics, London: Routledge, pp. 161–89, ISBN 978-0-415-52789-7
^ Blažek, Václav (2007). "From August Schleicher to Sergei Starostin: on the development of the tree-diagram models of the Indo-European languages". Journal of Indo-European Studies. 35 (1–2): 82–109.
^ Meillet, Antoine (1908). Les dialectes indo-européens. Paris: Honoré Champion.
^ Bonfante, Giuliano (1931). I dialetti indoeuropei. Brescia: Paideia.
^ Porzig 1954.
^ Nakhleh, Luay; Ringe, Don & Warnow, Tandy (2005). "Perfect Phylogenetic Networks: A New Methodology for Reconstructing the Evolutionary History of Natural Languages" (PDF). Language. 81 (2): 382–420. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.65.1791. doi:10.1353/lan.2005.0078.
^ Mallory, J.P.; Adams, D.Q. (1997). Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn.
^ Porzig 1954, p. 39.
^ Fortson 2004, p. 247.
^ Watkins, Calvert (1966). "Italo-Celtic revisited". In Birnbaum, Henrik; Puhvel, Jaan (eds.). Ancient Indo-European dialects. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 29–50.
^ Weiss, Michael (2012). Jamison, Stephanie W.; Melchert, H. Craig; Vine, Brent (eds.). Italo-Celtica: linguistic and cultural points of contact between Italic and Celtic. Proceedings of the 23rd annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Bremen: Hempen. pp. 151–73. ISBN 978-3-934106-99-4. Retrieved 2018-02-19.
^ Greppin, James (1996). "Review of The linguistic relationship between Armenian and Greek by James Clackson". Language. 72 (4): 804–07. doi:10.2307/416105. JSTOR 416105.
^ Euler, Wolfram (1979). Indoiranisch-griechische Gemeinsamkeiten der Nominalbildung und deren indogermanische Grundlagen. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck.
^ Lubotsky, A. (1988). "The Old Phrygian Areyastis-inscription" (PDF). Kadmos. 27: 9–26. doi:10.1515/kadmos-1988-0103.
^ Kortlandt – The Thraco-Armenian consonant shift, Linguistique Balkanique 31, 71–74, 1988
^ Renfrew, Colin (1987). Archaeology & Language. The Puzzle of the Indo-European Origins. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-224-02495-2.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, vol.22, Helen Hemingway Benton Publisher, Chicago, (15th ed.) 1981, p. 593
^ George S. Lane, Douglas Q. Adams, Britannica 15th edition 22:667, "The Tocharian problem"
^ The supposed autochthony of Hittites, the Indo-Hittite hypothesis and migration of agricultural "Indo-European" societies became intrinsically linked together by C. Renfrew. (Renfrew, C 2001a The Anatolian origins of Proto-Indo-European and the autochthony of the Hittites. In R. Drews ed., Greater Anatolia and the Indo-Hittite language family: 36–63. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man).
^ Britannica 15th edition, 22 p. 586 "Indo-European languages, The parent language, Laryngeal theory" – W.C.; pp. 589, 593 "Anatolian languages" – Philo H.J. Houwink ten Cate, H. Craig Melchert and Theo P.J. van den Hout
^ Britannica 15th edition, 22 p. 594, "Indo-Hittite hypothesis"
^ Holm, Hans J. (2008). "The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages". In Preisach, Christine; Burkhardt, Hans; Schmidt-Thieme, Lars; et al. (eds.). Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications. Proc. of the 31st Annual Conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl), University of Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007. Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization. Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-78239-1. The result is a partly new chain of separation for the main Indo-European branches, which fits well to the grammatical facts, as well as to the geographical distribution of these branches. In particular it clearly demonstrates that the Anatolian languages did not part as first ones and thereby refutes the Indo-Hittite hypothesis.
^ Britannica 15th edition, vol.22, 1981, pp. 588, 594
^ Kortlandt, Frederik (1989). "The spread of the Indo-Europeans" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-08-07.
^ a b Anthony 2007, pp. 56–58.
^ Ringe 2006, p. 67. sfn error: no target: CITEREFRinge2006 (help)
^ Anthony 2007, p. 100.
^ "Indo-European Languages: Balto-Slavic Family". Utexas.edu. 2008-11-10. Archived from the original on 2011-06-04. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
^ Robert S.P. Beekes (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 30; Skt: 13, Hitt: 20, Gk: 24. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
^ Robert S.P. Beekes (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 30; Toch: 19, Arm: 20, Alb: 25, 124, OIr: 27. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
^ "Ethnologue list of language families" (22th ed.). Ethnologue.com. 25 May 2019. Retrieved 2019-07-02.
^ "Ethnologue list of languages by number of speakers". Ethnologue.com. Retrieved 2010-08-07.
^ "English". Ethnologue. Retrieved January 17, 2017.
^ "Ten Things You Might Not Have Known About the English Language". Oxford Dictionaries. 2015-08-12.
Anthony, David W. (2007). The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-05887-0. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Auroux, Sylvain (2000). History of the Language Sciences. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-016735-1.
Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004). Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-0315-2. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Brugmann, Karl (1886). Grundriss der Vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German). Erster Band. Strassburg: Karl J. Trübner.
Houwink ten Cate, H.J.; Melchert, H. Craig & van den Hout, Theo P.J. (1981). "Indo-European languages, The parent language, Laryngeal theory". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (15th ed.). Chicago: Helen Hemingway Benton.
Holm, Hans J. (2008). "The Distribution of Data in Word Lists and its Impact on the Subgrouping of Languages". In Preisach, Christine; Burkhardt, Hans; Schmidt-Thieme, Lars; et al. (eds.). Data Analysis, Machine Learning, and Applications. Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the German Classification Society (GfKl), University of Freiburg, March 7–9, 2007. Heidelberg-Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-78239-1.
Kortlandt, Frederik (1990). "The Spread of the Indo-Europeans" (PDF). Journal of Indo-European Studies. 18 (1–2): 131–40.
Lubotsky, A. (1988). "The Old Phrygian Areyastis-inscription" (PDF). Kadmos. 27: 9–26. doi:10.1515/kadmos-1988-0103.
Kortlandt, Frederik (1988). "The Thraco-Armenian consonant shift". Linguistique Balkanique. 31: 71–74.
Lane, George S.; Adams, Douglas Q. (1981). "The Tocharian problem". Encyclopædia Britannica. 22 (15th ed.). Chicago: Helen Hemingway Benton.
Porzig, Walter (1954). Die Gliederung des indogermanischen Sprachgebiets. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Renfrew, C. (2001). "The Anatolian origins of Proto-Indo-European and the autochthony of the Hittites". In Drews, R. (ed.). Greater Anatolia and the Indo-Hittite language family. Washington, DC: Institute for the Study of Man. ISBN 978-0-941694-77-3.
Schleicher, August (1861). Compendium der vergleichenden Grammatik der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German). Weimar: Böhlau (reprinted by Minerva GmbH, Wissenschaftlicher Verlag). ISBN 978-3-8102-1071-5.
Szemerényi, Oswald; Jones, David; Jones, Irene (1999). Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-823870-6.
von Bradke, Peter (1890). Über Methode und Ergebnisse der arischen (indogermanischen) Alterthumswissenshaft (in German). Giessen: J. Ricker'che Buchhandlung.
Beekes, Robert S.P. (1995). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Chakrabarti, Byomkes (1994). A comparative study of Santali and Bengali. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 978-81-7074-128-2.
Collinge, N.E. (1985). The Laws of Indo-European. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Mallory, J.P. (1989). In Search of the Indo-Europeans. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-27616-7.
Renfrew, Colin (1987). Archaeology & Language. The Puzzle of the Indo-European Origins. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN 978-0-224-02495-2.
Meillet, Antoine. Esquisse d'une grammaire comparée de l'arménien classique, 1903.
Ramat, Paolo; Ramat, Anna Giacalone (1998). The Indo-European languages. Routledge.
Schleicher, August, A Compendium of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-European Languages (1861/62).
Strazny, Philip; Trask, R.L., eds. (2000). Dictionary of Historical and Comparative Linguistics (1 ed.). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-57958-218-0.
Szemerényi, Oswald (1957). "The problem of Balto-Slav unity". Kratylos. 2: 97–123.
Watkins, Calvert (2000). The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-08250-6.
Remys, Edmund, General distinguishing features of various Indo-European languages and their relationship to Lithuanian. Berlin, New York: Indogermanische Forschungen, Vol. 112, 2007.
P. Chantraine (1968), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque, Klincksieck, Paris.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indo-European languages.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Indo-European Languages.
Library resources about
Resources in your library
Databases[edit]
Dyen, Isidore; Kruskal, Joseph; Black, Paul (1997). "Comparative Indo-European". wordgumbo. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
"Indo-European". LLOW Languages of the World. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
"Indo-European Documentation Center". Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Archived from the original on 3 September 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). "Language Family Trees: Indo-European". Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Online version (Sixteenth ed.). Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. .
"Thesaurus Indogermanischer Text- und Sprachmaterialien: TITUS" (in German). TITUS, University of Frankfurt. 2003. Retrieved 13 December 2009.
"Indo-European Lexical Cognacy Database (IELex)". Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen.
Lexica[edit]
"Indo-European Etymological Dictionary (IEED)". Leiden, Netherlands: Department of Comparative Indo-European Linguistics, Leiden University. Archived from the original on 7 February 2006. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
"Indo-European Roots Index". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (Fourth ed.). Internet Archive: Wayback Machine. August 22, 2008 [2000]. Archived from the original on February 17, 2009. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
Köbler, Gerhard (2014). Indogermanisches Wörterbuch (in German) (5th ed.). Gerhard Köbler. Retrieved 29 March 2015.
Schalin, Johan (2009). "Lexicon of Early Indo-European Loanwords Preserved in Finnish". Johan Schalin. Retrieved 9 December 2009.
Primary language families
Afroasiatic
Khoe–Kwadi
Kx'a
Niger–Congo
Nilo-Saharan?
Mande?
Songhay?
Ijaw?
Ubangian?
Kadu?
Isolates
Bangime
Hadza
Jalaa
Laal?
Shabo?
and Asia
Austroasiatic
Chukotko-Kamchatkan
Eskimo–Aleut
Great Andamanese
Hmong–Mien
Hurro-Urartian
Japonic
Kartvelian
Koreanic
Kra–Dai
Mongolic
Northeast Caucasian
Northwest Caucasian
Ongan
Tungusic
Turkic
Tyrsenian
Uralic
Yeniseian
Yukaghir
Digaro?
Hrusish?
Kho-Bwa?
Miju?
Siangic?
Hattic
Kusunda
Nihali
New Guinea
and the Pacific
Arai–Samaia
Binanderean–Goilalan
Bulaka River
Central Solomons
Chimbu–Wahgi
Doso–Turumsa
East Geelvink Bay
East New Britain
East Strickland
Eleman
Kaure–Kosare
Kiwaian
Kutubuan
Kwomtari
Lakes Plain
Lower Mamberamo
Lower Sepik
Madang
Mairasi
North Bougainville
Pauwasi
Senagi
Sepik
Skou
South Bougainville
Teberan
Tor–Kwerba–Nimboran
Trans-Fly
Trans–New Guinea
Turama–Kikorian
Upper Yuat
West Papuan
Yuat
Northwest Papuan?
Papuan Gulf?
Abinomn
Abun
Anêm?
Ata?
Maybrat
Mpur
Pawaia
Porome
Sulka?
Taiap?
Arnhem/Macro-Gunwinyguan?
Bunuban
Darwin Region?
Eastern Daly
Eastern Tasmanian
Garawan
Iwaidjan
Jarrakan
Marrku–Wurrugu?
Mirndi
Northern Tasmanian
Northeastern Tasmanian
Nyulnyulan
Pama–Nyungan
Southern Daly?
Tangkic
Wagaydyic
Western Daly
Western Tasmanian
Worrorran
Yangmanic (incl. Wagiman)?
Giimbiyu
Malak-Malak (Northern Daly?)
Algic
Caddoan
Chimakuan
Chinookan
Chumashan
Comecrudan
Coosan
Iroquoian
Kalapuyan
Maiduan
Muskogean
Na-Dene
Palaihnihan
Plateau Penutian
Pomoan
Salishan
Shastan
Tanoan
Tsimshianic
Utian
Uto-Aztecan
Wintuan
Yukian
Yuman–Cochimí
Chimariko
Esselen
Karuk
Siuslaw
Takelma
Timucua
Waikuri
Yokuts
Chibchan
Jicaquean
Lencan
Misumalpan
Mixe–Zoque
Oto-Manguean
Tequistlatecan
Totonacan
Xincan
Cuitlatec
Huave
Tarascan/Purépecha
Andoque–Urequena
Arauan
Araucanian
Arawakan
Arutani–Sape
Barbacoan
Boran
Cahuapanan
Cariban
Catacaoan
Chapacuran
Charruan
Chonan
Guaicuruan
Guajiboan
Harákmbut–Katukinan
Jirajaran
Jivaroan
Katembri–Taruma
Mascoian
Matacoan
Nadahup
Nambikwaran
Otomákoan
Pano-Tacanan
Peba–Yaguan
Quechuan
Piaroa–Saliban
Ticuna–Yuri
Timotean
Tiniguan
Tucanoan
Tupian
Uru–Chipaya
Witotoan
Yanomaman
Zamucoan
Zaparoan
Bora–Witoto languages?
Chimuan?
Esmeralda–Yaruro?
Hibito–Cholón?
Lule–Vilela?
Macro-Jê?
Tequiraca–Canichana?
(extant in 2000)
Aikanã?
Alacalufan
Candoshi
Chimane
Chiquitano
Cofán?
Guató
Hodï/Joti
Irantxe?
Itonama
Kunza
Maku-Auari of Roraima
Movima
Mura-Pirahã
Nukak?
Puinave
Huaorani/Waorani
Trumai
Warao
Yamana
Yuracaré
BANZSL
Francosign
Germanosign
Indo-Pakistani
Original Thai
Tanzanian?
See list of sign languages
Language isolates
Unclassified languages
Pidgins
Mixed languages
Artificial languages
Families in italics have no living members.
Families with more than 30 languages are in bold.
Language families of Eurasia
Tartessian
Paleo-Corsican
Paleo-Sardinian
Camunic
Elymian
North Picene
Sicani
Eteocretan
Eteocypriot
Minoan
Kassite ?
Kaskian ?
Philistine ?
Proto-Euphratean ?
Harappan ?
Indian Ocean rim
Kenaboi
Enggano
Altaic ?
Koreanic ?
Japonic ?
"Paleosiberian"
Other North Asia
Ruanruan ?
Proposed groupings
Alarodian
Altaic
Borean
Nostratic
Dené–Caucasian
Eurasiatic
Dené–Yeniseian
Dravido-Korean
Elamo-Dravidian
Ibero-Caucasian
Indo-Semitic
Pontic
Turanian
Eskimo–Uralic
Ural–Altaic
Uralic–Yukaghir
Uralo-Siberian
Greater Siangic
Siangic
Digaro
Miju
Hrusish
Kho-Bwa
Andamanese
Austric
Austro-Tai
Austronesian–Ongan
Sino-Austronesian
Substrata
Pre-Celtic
Pre-Germanic
Pre-Goidelic
Pre-Greek
Vasconic
Pre-Vedic
Pre-Finno-Ugric
BNF: cb11932222t (data)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indo-European_languages&oldid=976614254"
CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2017
Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019
Articles containing French-language text
CS1: long volume value
Commons category link is on Wikidata
Wikipedia store
This page was last edited on 4 September 2020, at 00:07 (UTC).
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Identification, variation and transcription of pneumococcal repeat sequences
Nicholas J Croucher1,
Georgios S Vernikos1,
Julian Parkhill1 &
Stephen D Bentley1
Small interspersed repeats are commonly found in many bacterial chromosomes. Two families of repeats (BOX and RUP) have previously been identified in the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae, a nasopharyngeal commensal and respiratory pathogen of humans. However, little is known about the role they play in pneumococcal genetics.
Analysis of the genome of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 revealed the presence of a third repeat family, which we have named SPRITE. All three repeats are present at a reduced density in the genome of the closely related species S. mitis. However, they are almost entirely absent from all other streptococci, although a set of elements related to the pneumococcal BOX repeat was identified in the zoonotic pathogen S. suis. In conjunction with information regarding their distribution within the pneumococcal chromosome, this suggests that it is unlikely that these repeats are specialised sequences performing a particular role for the host, but rather that they constitute parasitic elements. However, comparing insertion sites between pneumococcal sequences indicates that they appear to transpose at a much lower rate than IS elements. Some large BOX elements in S. pneumoniae were found to encode open reading frames on both strands of the genome, whilst another was found to form a composite RNA structure with two T box riboswitches. In multiple cases, such BOX elements were demonstrated as being expressed using directional RNA-seq and RT-PCR.
BOX, RUP and SPRITE repeats appear to have proliferated extensively throughout the pneumococcal chromosome during the species' past, but novel insertions are currently occurring at a relatively slow rate. Through their extensive secondary structures, they seem likely to affect the expression of genes with which they are co-transcribed. Software for annotation of these repeats is freely available from ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/pathogens/strep_repeats/.
Small interspersed repeats, spatially separated genomic regions of similar sequence typically < 200 bp in length, are frequently found in bacterial chromosomes [1]. These can be classified as either 'simple', when consisting of a single repeated unit, or 'composite', when comprised of a combination of different subsequences arranged in particular patterns [2]. For example, a number of enterobacterial species harbour many instances of the simple 127 bp Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) sequence [3] and hundreds of composite Bacterial Interspersed Mosaic Elements (BIMEs), which include multiple copies of the Palindromic Unit in a regular configuration. Similarly, Neisseria meningitidis genomes host simple 183 bp AT-rich Repeats and two families of more common, composite elements: 70-200 bp Neisserial Intergenic Mosaic Elements (NIMEs) and Correia Elements (CE), comprised of internal sequences up to 156 bp long delimited by 26 bp inverted repeats [4].
Many such repeat families are likely to be non-autonomous mobile parasitic elements, termed Miniature Inverted-repeat Transposable Elements (MITEs). These are characterized as being AT-rich, possessing terminal inverted repeats (TIR), having highly base-paired secondary structures and generating target site duplications (TSDs) on insertion [1]. In a number of cases, it has been proposed that repeats are mobilized by the transposases encoded by IS elements within the same host, based on similarities between the TIR of the MITE and the IS sequence. For instance, the Nezha MITE found in cyanobacteria is proposed to be mobilized by ISNpu3-like elements [5].
The tightly folded secondary structure characteristic of putative MITEs means they can impact on gene expression when they insert into transcribed regions. Some BIMEs, when inserted into operons, have been found to decrease the expression of downstream CDSs through acting as transcriptional attenuators [6]. By contrast, regions upstream of ERIC elements integrated into operons may be destabilised by the presence of the repeat when in a specific orientation, as it appears to trigger transcript cleavage through introducing a putative RNase E target site [7]. Similarly, there is evidence that CE act as a target site for RNase III-mediated endoribonucleolytic cleavage when transcribed [8, 9]. CE insertions have also been found to influence gene expression through generating functional promoters in N. meningitidis[10]. As well as affecting transcriptional regulation, repeat sequences can alter the sequences of genes without disrupting their function. For instance, in Rickettsia, repeat element insertions have been found in both coding and non-coding genes that appear still to be functional [11, 12].
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a nasopharyngeal commensal and major respiratory pathogen estimated to have caused almost 15 million cases of disease in 2000 [13]. The genome, typically around 2 Mb in size, is known to contain two types of small interspersed repeat. The first to be discovered was the BOX element, a composite repeat consisting of boxA and boxC sequences usually separated by a variable number of boxB elements arranged in a tandem array [14]. The variation in different strains' complements of these repeats has allowed them to form the basis of a PCR-based epidemiological typing scheme [15]. An early hypothesised function of BOX elements, based on their proximity to a number of genes involved in competence and pathogenesis, was that they might act as regulatory motifs [14], and subsequent experiments have shown that boxA and boxC elements are able to stimulate the expression of downstream genes, although boxB elements can have an opposing inhibitory effect, depending on their orientation [16]. A BOX element has also been hypothesised to increase the frequency of pneumococcal phase variation through affecting the regulation of neighbouring genes [17]. Similarity between the TIR of BOX elements and ISSpn2, a transposon found in S. pneumoniae, has been proposed as the basis for mobilization of these elements. Likewise a second repeat also present in high copy number in the pneumococcal genome, the simple 107 bp long Repeat Unit of Pneumococcus (RUP), has TIR similar to those of IS630-Spn 1, another transposon commonly found in S. pneumoniae[18]. RUP were proposed to preferentially insert into or near IS elements, based on their distribution in a draft of the S. pneumoniae TIGR4 genome [19], leading to the suggestion that these elements may serve to limit the number of functional transposase genes in the chromosome [1].
Here we present an analysis of the distribution of pneumococcal small interspersed repeats throughout the publicly available streptococcal genomes and outline how these elements may have impacted upon the evolution of pneumococcal coding and non-coding genes.
Three Families of Repeats are Present in the Pneumococcal Chromosome
The curated output of RepeatScout revealed the presence of three distinct repeat families in the genome of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 [20]. One of these corresponded exactly to the ~107 bp RUP element. Another represented the reverse complement of the 3' end of BOX elements; consequently, to fully define such repeats, independent models for each of the BOX modules were then constructed. The third is a novel repeat element, which we shall refer to as the Streptococcus pneumoniae Rho-Independent Terminator-like Element (SPRITE), on the basis of its sequence and predicted secondary structure (Figures 1c and 2c).
HMM logos representing pneumococcal interspersed repeat sequences. These images describe the HMMs used for sequence searches. Each column corresponds to a nucleotide in the repeat element. The total height of bases in each column represents how informative that position is in describing the element; the relative heights of the different bases indicate their respective emission probabilities in the model. Red shaded columns show positions where base insertions occur: the total width of these columns represents the expected number of inserted bases, whilst the dark shaded component indicates the probability that an insertion occurs. The repeats displayed are a) i) boxA, ii) boxB, iii) boxC, b) RUP and c) SPRITE.
Predicted repeat sequence secondary structures. These images represent the predicted secondary structures of transcribed forms of the repeat sequence families: a) BOX, b) RUP and c) SPRITE. The structures were generated from an alignment of 30 sequences from the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 genome in each case; only BOX elements with a canonical A1B1C1 structure were used to produce the structure in a). The boundaries between the different subsequences are marked on the image. Base pairings are coloured according to their conservation in the alignment: the bolder the colour, the more strongly conserved the pairing of the bases, with different colours indicating different numbers of compatible interactions at equivalent sites in the structure (see key).
Following refinement of the models (see Methods), the final HMMs used to identify the repeats are represented as logos in Figure 1. Overall, 125 BOX (composed of 422 modules), 110 RUP and 30 SPRITE elements were found in the ATCC 700669 genome; in addition, 17 lone box modules were found. All of the original examples used to define BOX and RUP elements were identified by this approach [14, 18]. It seems likely that the lower frequency of the SPRITE repeat is the explanation as to why it was not characterised prior to the availability of complete genome sequences.
Each of the three families of repeats share at least some features of MITEs. All are typically < 200 bp in length; unsurprisingly, the modular BOX elements are the most variable in size, ranging from 67 bp to 637 bp. Both RUP and SPRITE are AT-rich relative to the S. pneumoniae genome (GC content of 39.5%), with mean GC levels of 27.5% and 28.1% respectively. Both BOX and RUP have been previously shown to have TIR and cause TSDs on insertion [14, 16, 18]. SPRITE repeats have comparatively shorter and simpler TIR (the tetranucleotide AAAA and the complement TTTT; Figure 1c). Any TSD produced by SPRITE insertions could not be established from the current dataset, because no instances of the repeat with an easily comparable empty site could be found in the available collection of sequences, and no clear evidence could be identified by examining the regions flanking insertions.
All three elements are predicted to form stem-loop structures if transcribed into an RNA form (Figure 2). The structure of BOX elements was generated from those elements with a canonical A1B1C1 sequence; notably, the folding of the boxB element is predicted to involve few interactions with the boxA and C elements that form the rest of the structure. If this folded RNA is functional, this characteristic may be permissive in allowing boxB to be absent, or present in multiple copies, without causing much disruption to the overall form of the transcript.
The SPRITE structure is less tightly folded than that of BOX or RUP, and consists of an 18 bp duplex followed by a relatively uridine-rich (~48% uridine) tract, seeming likely to imbue it with the properties of a Rho-independent terminator. However, the repeat's structure is distinctive in that both the stem duplex and T-rich tract are much longer than the ~10 bp size of both these features in typical streptococcal Rho-independent terminators [21]. Hence it appears that SPRITE are distinct from normal Firmicute terminators, although they may be able to function in such a capacity.
Genomic Distribution of Pneumococcal Repeats
The distribution of these repeats relative to the protein coding genes of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 was examined. BOX, RUP and SPRITE were all found to mirror the coding bias of the sequence, with 60.8%, 60.9% and 63.3% of insertions on the leading strand of the genome, respectively. Although BOX elements have been found to affect gene regulation [16], they are only slightly overrepresented between divergently transcribed genes, and like RUP, SPRITE and IS elements, they are significantly overrepresented between convergently transcribed genes (Figure 3a; Table 1). This may be seen as evidence that these elements are mobile, parasitic entities: the regions downstream of CDS are less likely to be under strong selection pressures, and hence more likely to tolerate repeat element insertions, than upstream regulatory regions or intergenic sequences between cotranscribed genes. Most strongly enriched in these regions are SPRITE, which, given their resemblance to terminator sequences, seem the most probable to disrupt transcription if inserted upstream or between genes.
Distribution of repeat sequences within the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 genome. a) The orientation of the CDSs flanking different repeat elements. Data are shown for BOX, RUP, SPRITE and IS elements annotated in the chromosome; the black bars indicate the orientations of all neighbouring CDSs in the genome not separated by intervening small interspersed repeats. b) A comparison of the distance from repeat sequences, including IS elements, to the nearest CDS, and the distribution of lengths of intergenic sequences not containing repeats.
Table 1 Overrepresentation of repeats between convergently transcribed genes
Across the pneumococcal chromosome, the size of intergenic distances follows a gradually decaying distribution (Figure 3b). A similar pattern is observed with the distances between BOX elements and the nearest gene, whereas the density of RUP elements is greatest 50-150 bp from the nearest gene. IS elements have an even more pronounced tendency to be distant from neighbouring CDSs; this may reflect the greater potential disruption to gene expression caused by these longer repeats should they insert within, or near, functional transcripts. SPRITE sequences tend to be close to adjacent CDSs, with only one SPRITE found >200 bp from the nearest gene. This enrichment of SPRITE close to the 3' termini of CDS suggests they may have been co-opted by the pneumococcus into acting as functional transcriptional terminators.
Few clear relationships can be ascertained by looking at the association between repeats and the functional classes of their flanking CDS (Figure 4). This again argues against a general role for these repeats as upstream regulatory elements coordinating transcriptional responses to stimuli, as has been previously suggested [14], because no informative overrepresentation of a repeat near CDSs with a particular function is observed. Furthermore, in agreement with Tettelin et al[19], no support for the hypothesised association between IS elements and RUP insertions can be found [18]. The positioning of repeat arrays next to genes encoding surface-exposed proteins that may trigger a host response, proposed as a mechanism for promoting horizontal transfer of CDS for antigenic proteins in N. meningitidis[22], is also not observed in S. pneumoniae. One apparent association, the preponderance of RUP elements and IS elements adjacent to pseudogenes, seems likely to reflect the tolerance of repeat insertions into regions of the genome that are no longer functional.
Distribution of repeat sequences relative to CDS function. Functional classification of CDSs adjacent to repeat sequences in the genome of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669. For each type of repeat, both flanking CDSs were considered, and the proportions indicated by the graph. The black bars record the equivalent classification of CDSs with at least one associated intergenic region not containing a repeat sequence.
The level of variation in repeat insertions between all publicly available complete S. pneumoniae genomes was also studied (Figure 5a). For all three small interspersed repeats, approximately half of the insertions are 'core', i.e. present in all sequenced strains. This contrasts with the distribution of autonomously mobile IS elements, of which the majority of insertions are present only in a single strain. This is likely to reflect IS elements having a comparatively higher transposition rate, while also being removed more quickly by selection. Assuming that the frequency of IS elements in the pneumococcal population is relatively stable over time, this implies that they are much more mobile than the small interspersed repeats. Despite the hypothesized transposition of RUP in trans by IS630-Spn 1 elements, there is no clear evidence from this distribution between genomes that it is more mobile than BOX, which has a lower level of similarity to the TIR of ISSpn2[16], or SPRITE, for which no significant similarity with pneumococcal IS TIR could be found.
Distribution of repeat sequences between pneumococcal genomes. a) For each of the three families of small, interspersed repeat, and for IS elements, orthologous insertion events were defined between chromosomes (see Methods) and scored for presence or absence in the 13 complete pneumococcal clinical isolate chromosomes. The bar chart shows the proportion of insertions of each repeat element shared by a given number of pneumococcal sequences, ranging from insertions present in a single chromosome to those conserved among all strains. b) Variation in the length of BOX elements. For each BOX element identified in the chromosome sequences, the mean, minimum and maximum sizes of orthologous inserts in different strains was calculated. The graph shows the mean length plotted against the range in size, with the dotted bars showing the span of sizes detected.
One way in which BOX elements are observed to vary quite considerably is in their size (Figure 5b). Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the fluctuation in the length of tandem repeat arrays, including slipped strand mispairing, unequal crossover during homologous recombination and circular excision followed by reinsertion [23]. Plotting the mean size of each BOX element insertion against the range of the lengths of the insertion in different genomes reveals a positive linear correlation (R2 = 0.74, p < 2.2 × 10-16). This implies that the greater the average number of boxB repeats in a BOX element, the more likely that element is to vary by losing or acquiring these modules. Notably, all BOX elements with a large mean size exhibit considerable variation in length between strains. This result indicates that at the disparate loci at which BOX elements are found, there is significant variation in the rate of mechanisms that change the number of boxB modules in these arrays, or greatly differing levels of selection pressure constraining the size of these composite repeats.
Repeat sequences in other streptococci
The application of the HMMs to the genomes of other nasopharyngeal commensals (Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis and Staphylococcus aureus) failed to identify any cases where the repeats had been horizontally transferred. A similar investigation of all publicly available complete streptococcal genomes, encompassing twelve species other than S. pneumoniae, also detected few instances of these repeat elements (Additional file 1). The sole representative genome of the most closely related species to S. pneumoniae, S. mitis B6 [24], contained 104 BOX elements (a mean density of 0.048 kb-1), slightly lower than the mean of 122 in the pneumococcal chromosomes (a mean density of 0.057 kb-1). By contrast, the density of SPRITE sequences in S. mitis is about half that of the pneumococcus, and there are only 9 detected instances of RUP in S. mitis B6. As S. mitis and S. pneumoniae are able to exchange DNA, it is not clear whether the repeats were present in their last common ancestor, or whether they have been acquired after speciation and subsequently spread horizontally. By contrast, all three repeat types are almost entirely absent from the genome of S. sanguinis, the only other mitis group streptococci to have been sequenced. Hence the most parsimonious conclusion is that these elements have spread in the pneumococcal chromosome subsequent to the divergence of the more distantly related members of the mitis group.
The only other streptococcal species to have a comparatively high number of detected repeats was S. suis, all genomes of which had 11 boxC elements. These were found to coincide with previously discovered repeats, annotated as 'RepSU1', on the complementary strand of the genome in strains SC84, P1/7 and BM407 [25]. Further analysis revealed the presence of two novel families of BOX-type elements in these genomes, composed of a total of seven different subsequences in particular permutations. One is bounded by boxA and C modules, both of which are around 50 nt long, as are the pneumococcal equivalents. The RepSU1 elements accounted for only the smallest BOX-type repeats of this type, equivalent to A1C1 BOX sequences. The other family has a boxE sequence at the 5' end and a boxF module at the 3' end; these motifs are comparatively large, having mean sizes of 115 nt and 133 nt respectively. Both types are found surrounding the same type of intervening boxB modules; however, the boxAC-flanked elements are also sometimes found having boxD modules, always in addition to boxB modules. Hence the diversity of S. suis BOX elements appears to be greater than that of the S. pneumoniae equivalents.
Disruption and Modification of Genes Resulting from Repeat Element Insertion
BOX, RUP and SPRITE elements are frequently found together in clusters, and appear to have inserted into one another on a number of occasions. These spatial groupings may reflect a common preference for insertion sites, or a general tolerance of insertions in certain regions of the chromosome. However, repeats are also found interspersed within pseudogenes and regulatory sequences. It is known that BOX insertions can affect the expression of nearby genes [16, 17]; another example where they might impact on the transcription of an operon is upstream of the trp gene cluster. In many Gram positive species, this operon is regulated by two copies of the T box riboswitch, which binds uncharged tRNA. Whilst streptococci have previously been thought to only have a single copy [26], in fact the pneumococcus has two, separated by a A1B2C1 BOX element. This results in the formation of a compound 5' untranslated region nearly a kilobase long, composed of three elements that, given their individually tightly folded structures, seem likely to fold largely independently.
A number of protein coding genes are disrupted by repeat insertions. Instances found in genome annotations include orthologues of the S. pneumoniae TIGR4 CDS SP_0243, encoding the extracellular binding protein for a putative iron ABC transporter, which is disrupted by the insertion of a RUP element in all the other pneumococcal genomes except S. pneumoniae AP200, 670-6B and TIGR4 itself. However, another CDS encoding part of the same ABC transporter (SP_0241 in TIGR4) is disrupted through frameshift mutations in these three strains. Both of these CDSs appear to be intact in several incompletely sequenced S. mitis strains, which lack the alternative pit2 iron transport system found on Pneumococcal Pathogenicity Island 1 [27]. SPN23F05190 (TIGR4 orthologues SP_0574 and SP_0575), encoding a restriction endonuclease in S. pneumoniae ATCC 70069, has a RUP insertion in S. pneumoniae TIGR4 and D39, whilst the orthologous gene in S. pneumoniae AP200 has been disrupted through the insertion of an IS element. Further examination of the repeat insertions reveals a RUP insertion that has knocked out a serine/threonine protein kinase, previously annotated as two separate CDSs (e.g. SPN23F18490 and SPN23F18500 in S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669; SP_1831 and SP_1832 in S. pneumoniae TIGR4), in all strains except S. pneumoniae Taiwan 19F-14 and TCH8431/19A. BOX elements can also cause gene disruption through insertion: a gene encoding a DNA alkylation repair protein is disrupted by a BOX insertion in all the available pneumococcal sequences, whilst an E1B1F1 element appears to have inserted into an acetyltransferase pseudogene in the sequenced S. suis genomes. Hence the mobility of these repeats has the potential to contribute to phenotypic polymorphism in the S. pneumoniae and S. suis populations.
The Formation of Expressed Open Reading Frames by Large BOX Elements
Fifty-eight CDSs in the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 annotation overlap with BOX elements. In 36 cases, this corresponds to the extreme 3' end of a gene, with the BOX repeat encoding the stop codon; in some cases, these correspond to well-characterised genes such as folE, mtlD, dnaJ and glgP. However, alignments with non-pneumococcal orthologues do not provide strong evidence for truncation of the encoded polypeptide in any case, especially when the relatively weak conservation of the extreme C terminal portion of proteins is taken into account.
A further 19 sequences, which appear to encode proteins on the basis of GC frameplot and correlation scores [28], with little or no functional annotation were found to be mostly, or wholly, encoded by BOX elements. Pneumococcal BOX repeats can extend to over 500 bp in length, and these larger elements tend to encode an open reading frame on both strands. Of the CDSs encoded mainly by BOX sequence, all but two (SPN23F00880 and SPN23F08320) were annotated on the opposite strand of genome to that on which the BOX elements are marked. None of the translated BOX-encoded CDSs exhibited significant similarity with any sequence in the public databases other than matches to hypothetical proteins annotated in mitis group streptococcal genomes.
In order to determine whether these genes are expressed, we used directional RNA sequencing data [29], which allows transcription to be studied at very high resolution even in repetitive regions of the chromosome [30]. In the case of SPN23F16220 (Figure 6a, ii), the transcription follows the direction expected from the annotation, with the BOX element forming a 3' extension to the upstream three CDS operon, as confirmed by RT-PCR (Figure 6b). Entirely encompassed within this PCR product is a 42 aa predicted protein encoded by an A1B2C1 BOX. Also confirmed to conform to the genome annotation is the BOX element lying between the T box motifs upstream of the trp operon (Figure 6a, i). The pneumococcal culture from which the RNA was extracted was grown in nutrient-rich conditions, hence the T box motifs are expressed, but the downstream trp operon is not. Therefore it appears that the riboswitches are still able to function as a regulatory structure, despite the intervening BOX element. Hence, as anticipated from the genome sequence, BOX elements can be transcribed as extensions to both the 5' and 3' regions of operons.
Repeat sequence expression congruent with genome annotation. a) All RNA-seq data is shown as plots of read coverage against the annotation of the represented genomic locus. Along the bottom of these panels, CDSs and non-coding RNAs, coloured according to function (see ref. [20]), are represented as blocks above or below the scale line, depending on their orientation. BOX repeats are shown as red blocks on the scale line. Primer binding sites are indicated by blue blocks labelled using dashed lines. Above the annotation, as part of the coverage plots, blue lines indicate transcription of the upper strand of the genome, while red lines show transcription of the reverse strand. Solid lines represent the result of fully redundant mapping, where reads mapping to multiple sites on the chromosome are randomly distributed between them. Dashed lines represent locally redundant mapping, where reads that might map to regions outside the displayed locus are excluded from the graph (see Methods). i) The region upstream of the trp operon. The trpE gene is adjacent to two T box riboswitch motifs separated by an intervening BOX element, represented as four adjacent red boxes representing the A1B2C1 structure of the repeat. The RNA-seq data suggests the T box motifs and BOX element are cotranscribed as a composite element, repressing the transcription of the downstream biosynthetic operon. ii) Locus surrounding SPN23F16220. This small CDS is annotated as being encompassed by a BOX element. RNA-seq data suggested it was cotranscribed with SPN23F16230, present on the other side of the repeat relative to the more highly expressed galE gene. b) RT-PCR to confirm transcription of these BOX elements. The positions of the primers used in these reactions are indicated by the blue boxes labelled PL (left primer) and PR (right primer) in a) i) and ii). In each case, the three lanes correspond to a positive control reaction using a genomic DNA (+), a test using cDNA produced through reverse transcription of an RNA sample (RTase) and a negative control using a non-reverse transcribed RNA sample (No RTase). The bands indicate that these BOX elements are expressed, as suggested by the RNA-seq data.
However, in three cases, (SPN23F005060, SPN23F17630 and SPN23F21390), the direction of transcription indicated by the RNA-seq data contradicted the predicted CDS, appearing instead to be continuing from the adjacent operon (Figure 7a). SPN23F005060 is contained within a small 289 bp repeat likely to form a 5' extension to the downstream operon. The relatively high density of reads mapping to this BOX element may reflect mismapping of sequences that correspond to a different, more highly expressed repeat (as the level of locally redundant mapping is lower, and hence more congruent with the level of transcription of the rest of the operon), or indicate that the repeat functions as a transcriptional attenuator due to its highly folded structure. The BOX-encoded putative CDSs SPN23F17630 and SPN23F21390 form long (649 bp and 604 bp, respectively) 3' structures. The cotranscription of these elements in the direction indicated by the RNA-seq data was confirmed by RT-PCR in all three examples (Figure 7b), implying the annotation is likely to be erroneous.
Potential misannotation of the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 genome. RNA-seq data is displayed as described in Figure 6. In addition to the published annotation of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669, dashed boxes indicate alternative open reading frames encoded by BOX elements. a) i) The locus around SPN23F05060, encoded by a BOX element. The CDS is annotated on the bottom strand, but the RNA-seq results indicate it is co-transcribed with the operon on the top strand. ii) This BOX element appears to be cotranscribed with the upstream SPN23F17620 CDS at a low level, rather than encoding the 603 bp putative CDS SPN23F17630. iii) The BOX element encompassing putative CDS SPN23F21390 appears to transcribed on the reverse strand, along with the neighbouring CDSs. b) For each of the three loci displayed in a), two experiments were performed, each as described in Figure 6. One, using PL (left primer) and PR (right primer) tested for expression of the BOX element itself. The second used PL or PR and PS (stop codon primer), which tested whether the full length open reading frame on the transcribed strand was expressed. At all three loci, both reactions were positive using a cDNA sample as template.
However, in all three cases, there is also an ORF in the transcribed direction; rather than the start codon being in boxC and boxA encoding the stop codon, as predicted, boxC instead encodes the start codon and the stop codon lies beyond the BOX element. These expressed, BOX-encoded potential CDSs are indicated as dashed boxes in Figure 7a. Further RT-PCR confirmed that the RNA extended not just to the end of these BOX elements, but extended as far as the stop codon of these ORFs (Figure 7b). However, the proteins encoded by these ORFs also failed to significantly match any sequences other than hypothetical CDSs from mitis group streptococci and lacked good candidate Shine-Dalgarno sequences. Nevertheless, this confirmed that these 5' and 3' operon adducts, formed by BOX elements, have the potential to become nascent protein coding sequences.
The three families of small interspersed repeats found in the pneumococcal chromosome are found, albeit at a reduced frequency, in the closely related species, S. mitis, and very infrequently in other streptococci. These include the previously unidentified SPRITE repeat, which resembles a Rho-independent terminator element in its secondary structure. This is quite unlike the structures of the BOX and RUP elements, which are much more tightly folded and include their TIR hybridised to one another as parts of duplexes. A likely consequence of this form is the observed strong enrichment of this element close to the 3' ends of convergently transcribed CDSs, such that it does not disrupt normal gene expression patterns.
Even the naturally transformable oral streptococcus S. sanguinis, also part of the mitis group, lacks these elements. This implies that the repeats are unlikely to fulfil any of the possible important functions that might be ascribed to repeated sequences: for instance, chromosome packaging, aiding with replication or incorporation of horizontally transferred DNA. Furthermore, their distribution within the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 chromosome, resembling as it does the pattern of IS elements in being enriched between convergently transcribed CDSs, is suggestive of the main alternative explanation of their prevalence: that they are parasitic, non-autonomously mobile elements.
Based on their distribution between different streptococci, it appears that the repeats are likely to have been acquired subsequent to the divergence of the mitis group species. Two possible hypotheses may be advanced to explain the current distribution of repeats in the pneumococcus; one is that they may have been present in the last common ancestor of S. pneumoniae, and the position of some repeat insertions in this progenitor subsequently conserved amongst all pneumococcal strains. Alternatively, the repeats may have been acquired by S. pneumoniae and then spread horizontally through the population, resulting in the repeats being fixed at certain chromosomal loci over time. This second scenario is likely to be more sensitive to negative selection against the repeat insertions. In either case, a period of relatively rapid spread seems to have occurred in the population's past, which now seems to have abated. The proportion of repeats that are 'core' is similar to the proportion of 'core' CDSs in the pneumococcal pan-genome [31], and there are few insertions unique to any given chromosome that would indicate recent transposition events, contrasting with the distribution of IS elements between chromosomes.
The only other sequenced streptococcal species to have acquired BOX-type repeats is S. suis, which is also able to colonise the human nasopharynx, suggesting there may be a common source of these sets of elements. Although the S. suis BOX elements are present at a lower density in the chromosome, they are more diverse. It is difficult to assess how 'active' these elements are in this species, given the closely related nature of the currently sequenced S. suis genomes [25, 32], but in the current sample there is little evidence that they are more mobile than in S. pneumoniae. Hence in both species, these elements appear to be currently dormant.
One reason to suggest there may be selection against any mechanism that mobilises such elements is the disruption of CDSs by repeat insertion, which is evident in both S. pneumoniae and S. suis. However, there is also the potential for the formation of novel ORFs by BOX elements. Again, this is observed in both species; as well as the pneumococcal instances, there are two CDSs in the S. suis genomes that appear to be intact despite containing box modules (SSUSC84_0055 and 0899 in S. suis SC84) and three that are mostly, or entirely, encoded by BOX elements (SSUSC84_0048, 0112 and 0453 in S. suis SC84). The RNA-seq and RT-PCR data suggest that in some cases in S. pneumoniae such elements are transcribed, and have the potential to become nascent CDSs. Such instances appear to represent the consequences of three proposed properties of BOX elements: firstly, their mobility allowing them to insert into transcribed regions of the genome; secondly, the formation of an open reading frame on both strands of the element, and thirdly, their modular nature allowing them to expand to longer forms.
Whether the polypeptides they encode are actually expressed is not clear; it seems more likely that they are transcribed as untranslated regions. If so, they may influence the levels of expression of co-transcribed genes; those elements forming 3' adducts to operons are likely to form stem-loop structures that may impede the action of 3'→5' exonucleases, the primary RNA degradation pathway in bacteria, thereby stabilising the transcript. However, ERICs are capable of triggering endoribonucleolytic cleavage of transcripts, depending on the orientation of the element and the sequence of the operon, and CE can also trigger cleavage of mRNA. Hence the overall impact of a repeat insertion into an operon is difficult to predict, and is liable to change with the variation in the length of the BOX element and the context of the insertion site. Unfortunately, the sequence read coverage across operons with current RNA-seq techniques is too inconsistent to make any firm inferences about the impact of these BOX elements [30].
The simplest mechanism by which these repeats may affect transcription is through acting as terminators, especially given the resemblance of SPRITE sequences to such structures. Such a function has been previously been proposed to be performed by a BOX element [17]. There is also a precedent for repeats having a similar impact in another nasopharyngeal commensal and pathogen: the 10 bp DNA uptake sequences (DUS) of N. meningitidis which, when found in close proximity to one another, tend to be inversely orientated, allowing them to form a stem loop structure predicted to act as a terminator [33]. S. pneumoniae, although naturally transformable, is not known to have any DUS as N. meningitidis and H. influenzae do, and partial SPRITE sequences were not sufficiently abundant to suggest the element described here is a composite of DUS pairs. It seems likely, in fact, that the prevalence of the repeat families present in the pneumococcal chromosome exemplifies a potential disadvantage of the intrinsically competent lifestyle these three respiratory pathogens have adopted: the risk of acquiring genomic parasites that may cause considerable disruption whilst they remain mobile.
There are three families of small interspersed repeats in the S. pneumoniae chromosome: BOX, RUP and SPRITE. BOX-type repeats are also prevalent in the S. suis chromosome. The pneumococcal repeats appear to be parasitic, non-autonomous mobile elements that seem to have spread mainly during a burst of transposition subsequent to the divergence of S. pneumoniae and S. mitis from the other mitis group streptococci. BOX elements vary in size significantly, and are found to form expressed open reading frames that may constitute potential novel protein coding sequences or untranslated adducts to pre-existing operons.
Identification and Annotation of Repeat Sequences
The sequence of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 [20] [EMBL accession code: FM211187] was searched for repeats longer than 50 bp using RepeatScout [34]. For each of the three families identified, multiple sequence alignments were produced with MUSCLE [35], which were used to generate Hidden Markov Models (HMM) using HMMER1.8 (more recent versions of HMMER have not been optimised for searching long nucleic acid sequences for short motifs) [36]. In order to define the modular nature of BOX elements, HMMs representing boxA, B and C sequences individually were produced using available sequence data [14, 37]. Sequences identified with these initial models were then aligned and used to produce the final HMMs used in this study; cutoff score thresholds were determined empirically from the distribution of scores for all hits throughout the genome. A composite BOX element was defined as two or more adjacent boxA, B or C modules. The same approach was used to generate HMMs for the repeats identified in S. suis. Thorough de novo searches for novel interspersed repeats in other species were not conducted.
In a number of cases where annotated repeat sequences overlapped, it was evident that one element had inserted into another. In such cases, for each repeat in the pair, a realignment of one repeat with the appropriate HMM was attempted using the concatenated flanking sequences of the other repeat, effectively excluding the sequence of the other element. If one of the elements had a greater bitscore when realigned in such a manner, it was reannotated as a split feature into which the other repeat had inserted.
HMM logos were produced using LogoMat-M [38]. Secondary structure predictions were produced from a multiple alignment of 30 repeat sequence examples (a random sample in the base of RUP elements; only BOX elements with the canonical A1B1C1 structure were used) using RNAalifold [39]. The HMMs for the S. pneumoniae and S. suis repeats, and a program to automate their annotation for viewing in Artemis [40], are made freely available from ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/pathogens/strep_repeats/. The annotation of repeat elements in complete S. pneumoniae, S, mitis and S. suis genomes is also available from this site. A revised annotation of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 has been submitted to the EMBL database.
Definition of Orthologous Repeat Sequences
Of the 14 available complete pneumococcal genomes in the EMBL database (Additional file 1), all except S. pneumoniae R6 (a laboratory derivative of S. pneumoniae D39, the sequence of which is also available in the database) were analysed. For each annotated repeat element, 250 bp of upstream and downstream flanking sequence were concatenated into a single 500 bp string. All pairwise sequence comparisons between strings corresponding to repeats of the same type were performed using BLASTN [41]. The alignments with an E value smaller than 10-25 were then used to cluster the strings into groups, corresponding to orthologous repeat insertions, using OrthoMCL [42]. The inflationary parameter used in clustering was set to 3, the smallest integral value that did not cluster a pair of insertions within the same genome together (i.e. identify 'paralogous' insertions). The IS elements in Figures 3 and 4 correspond to all the annotated IS element transposase CDSs in the S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 genome; however, in order to identify orthologous IS elements in different pneumococcal genomes, a consistent annotation across the genomes was required. To automate this, such repeats were identified as BLASTN matches to defined elements in the IS database [43] with a nucleotide identity >95% and a length >90% of that of the reference sequence. Insertions of the same IS element type were then clustered as described for the small interspersed repeats, and the results for all IS elements subsequently combined to generate the data used in the graph.
RNA Sequencing and RT-PCR
RNA sample extraction and processing, and cDNA sequencing, were carried out as described in Croucher et al[29]. The template for the RT-PCR reaction was generated from an independent RNA sample extracted from cultures of S. pneumoniae ATCC 700669 at a density of OD600 = 0.8 growing statically in Brain Heart Infusion broth (Oxoid) at 37°C. RT-PCR used the primers detailed in table 2 in a touchdown reaction (denaturing step of 95°C for 30 s; annealing temperature, held for 30 s, reduced from 60°C to 55°C over 5 cycles, then maintained at 55°C for a further 25 cycles; extension conditions of 1 min at 72°C). The reaction consisted of 45 μl PCR Platinum Supermix (Invitrogen), 2 μl of a 10 μM solution of each primer (Sigma) and 1 μl template (either 10 ng μl-1 genomic DNA, 500 ng μl-1 RNA or the cDNA generated from the 500 ng μl-1 RNA sample).
Table 2 Sequences of primers used in this study
Sequence Read Mapping
Sequence reads were mapped as paired end data using BWA [44]. The orientation of the second read in correctly mapped pairs was reversed using Samtools [45] before producing coverage plots, in order to maintain the directional fidelity of the data. In order to generate the plots in Figures 6 and 7, the 'XA' note in the alignment file was used to identify alternative mapping locations. All reads were used to generated the fully redundant plot; reads with alternative mapping loci only within the displayed region were maintained in the set used to generate the 'locally redundant' plot, whilst those that mapped equally well to sequences outside of the displayed region were excluded. This allows reads that come from a specific BOX element, but cannot be unambiguously assigned to a particular boxB module therein, to be retained within the 'locally redundant' plot. The RNA-seq data has been submitted to the European Nucleotide Archive with accession code ERR015608.
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We thank Andrew Berry and Thomas Dan Otto for their help with data analysis. This work was funded by the Wellcome Trust.
Pathogen Genomics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
Nicholas J Croucher, Georgios S Vernikos, Julian Parkhill & Stephen D Bentley
Nicholas J Croucher
Georgios S Vernikos
Julian Parkhill
Stephen D Bentley
Correspondence to Nicholas J Croucher.
NJC, JP and SDB conceived the project; NJC performed the experiments; NJC and GSV analysed the data; NJC and SDB wrote the manuscript. All authors approved the final draft.
Additional file 1:This table shows the number of S. pneumoniae BOX, RUP and SPRITE repeats, and the number of S. suis BOX repeats, found in each of the publicly available complete streptococcal genome sequences. (DOC 154 KB)
Croucher, N.J., Vernikos, G.S., Parkhill, J. et al. Identification, variation and transcription of pneumococcal repeat sequences. BMC Genomics 12, 120 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-120
Terminal Inverted Repeat
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus
Mitis Group
Repeat Insertion
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Must a government of necessity be too strong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence?
LIFE OF ABRAHAM LINCOLN - Page 122
by FRANK CROSBY - 1865
Journal: 1st-13th Congress . Repr. 14th Congress, 1st Session ..., Volume 1
United States. Congress. House - United States - 1861
...the earth. It forces us to ask: "Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness ?" " Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for...the war power of the government; and so to resist force, employed for its destruction, by force, for its preservation. The call was made, and the response...
Senate Documents, Otherwise Publ. as Public Documents and ..., Volume 1
United States. Congress. Senate - United States - 1861
...upon the earth. It forces us to ask: "Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness?" " Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for...the issue, no choice was left but to call out the Avar power of the government; and so to resist force, employed for its destruction, by force, for its...
The Rambler, a Catholic journal of home and foreign literature [&c.]. Vol.5 ...
...domestic foes .... It forces us to ask : ' Is there in all republics this inherent and fatal weakness ?' Must a government of necessity be too strong for the...people, or too weak to maintain its own existence ?" Here we have the measure of the political insight of the man who, in the great crisis of America,...
The History, Civil, Political and Military, of the Southern ..., Volume 2
Orville James Victor - United States - 1861
...all republies, this inherent and fatal weakness ?' ' Must a government, of necessity, be too tlrong for the liberties of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own existence ?' " So viewing the issne, no choice was left but to call out the war power of the Government ; and so to resist force...
The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, with Documents ..., Volume 2
Frank Moore - United States - 1862
...the earth. It forces us to ask, " Is tli3i-e in all republics this inherent and fatal weakness '1 " Must a Government of necessity be too strong for the...existence? So viewing the issue, no choice was left bat to call out the war power of the Government, an;l so to resist the force employed for its destruction...
...upon the earth. It forces us to ask, "Is tlisro in all republics this inherent and fatal weakness Î " Must a Government of necessity be too strong for the...of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own eiistenco? So viewing the issue, no choice was left bat to call out the war power of the Government,...
The Rebellion Record: A Diary of American Events, Volume 2
...the-earth. It forces us to ask, " Is th'jre in all republics this inherent and fatal weakness?" Mint a Government of necessity be too strong for the liberties...of its own people, or too weak to maintain its own essence ? So viewing the issue, no choico was left bat to call out tho war power of the Government,...
The North-western Monthly: A Magazine Devoted to University ..., Volume 8
...integrity against its own domestic foes. "Is there in all republics this Inherent and fatal weakness?" Must a government of necessity be too strong for the...people, or too weak to maintain its own existence? It might seem, at first thought, to be of little difference whether the present movement at the South...
The Political History of the United States of America, During the Great ...
Edward McPherson - Confederate States of America - 1864 - 440 pages
...the earth. It forces us to ask: "Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness ?" " Must a Government of necessity be too strong for the...the war power of the Government ; and so to resist force, employed for its destruction, by force, for its preservation. The call was made, and the response...
History of the Administration of President Lincoln
Henry Jarvis Raymond - United States - 1864 - 8 pages
...the earth. It forces us to ask, " Is there, in all republics, this inherent and fatal weakness ?" " Must a government, of necessity, be too strong for...the war power of the Government ; and so to resist force employed for its destruction, by force for its preservation. The call was made, and the response...
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ford, and advanced on the Catharpen | Lee (Longstreet being still absent) road, covering the left or most ex- could oppose to it only the two heavy posed flank of our infantry: the corps or grand divisions of A. P. other two divisions, under Custer | IIill and Ewell, estimated by Meade and Merritt, watching respectively at 50,000 strong.
the upper fords of the Rapidan and Our troops moved at 6 A.M.;” but the trains parked at Richardsville in energy and punctuality, save in reour rear. Fully 70,000 men were treat, seem to have long ere now deengaged in this movement; while serted this army; and the 3d corps
7° Nov. 26.
—through the mistake, it is said, of Gen. Prince, commanding one of its divisions, who took a wrong road— did not even reach Jacob’s mill till afternoon ; and then the banks of the river were steep, &c., &c.—the upshot of all being that the prompt corps had to wait for the laggard; so that, instead of concentrating on Itobertson's tavern that evening, as Meade had prescribed, our army spent the day in getting across, and the heads of its columns bivouacked a mile or two from the fords; thus precluding all possibility of surprising the enemy or taking him at disadvantage. Our troops moved on at daylight next morning;" the 2d corps repelling the enemy's skirmishers and reaching, at 10 A. M., Robertson's tavern; where Early's, Rhodes's, and E. Johnson's divisions of Ewell's corps confronted it. Warren was thereupon ordered to halt, and await the arrival of French, then momently expected. At 11, word came from him that he was near the plank road, and was there waiting for Warren. IIe was ordered afresh to push on at once to Tobertson's tavern, where he would find Warren engaged and requiring his support. Several officers having been sent by Meade to róiterate and emphasize * Nov. 27. * The Richmond Dispatch has a letter from a correspondent with the Rebel army, dated Nov. 28, which gives their loss during this day's fighting as “fully 500 killed and wounded;” adding: “Of the loss of the enemy, I am not advised; but I am now disposed to doubt if it was as
this order, an answer was received from French, at 1 P. M., that the enemy were throwing a force to his right flank at Raccoon ford. Once more, he was ordered to advance forthwith, and, if resisted, to attack with all his might, throwing forward his left to connect with Gen. Warren. French received this order at 2} P. M., but protested against it as hazardous, and desired the staff captain who brought it to assume the responsibility of suspending its execution Thus, with all manner of hesitations and cross-purposes— Prince once halting two hours at a fork for orders as to which road he should take—the day was squandered; Meade, sorely disappointed by French's non-arrival, being at length obliged to order the 1st corps over from the plank road to the support of Warren, who was hard pressed,” near Robertson's tavern, which he regarded as the key of the position. The 5th corps came up next morning;” and now Gregg went forward with his cavalry on the plank road, and had a smart collision with Stuart's troopers, whom he pushed back upon their infantry supports; when he recoiled and allowed Sykes to go forward, connecting with Warren, to the vicinity of Hope Church. Our losses on this day were 309; but this includes none from French's corps, who were skirmishing a good part of the day; while we lost a few more on the 29th and 30th. The Dispatch correspondent reports that Rosser's cavalry, raiding in our rear, struck a train near Wilderness tavern, and captured 70 wagons (whereof they destroyed 50), and brought off 150prisoners and as many mules or horses. It is probable that, including deserters, either
heavy as our own. They fought, I am told, quite well, and fired more accurately than usual.”
Among their casualties he instances Gens. Stuart (J. E. B.) and J. M. Jones slightly wounded; Col. Nelligan, 1st La., severely; and Lt.Col. Walton, 23d Va., killed.
army was depleted by fully 1,000 men during this Mino Run movement.
** Nov. 28.
Our army being now disposed for a determined attack, it was found that the enemy had retreated; whereupon the 2d corps moved out two miles farther, and found the enemy in position along the west bank of MINE RUN, facing eastward; where the 2d, 6th, 1st, and part of the 3d corps, under a pelting November rain, were brought into line confronting them a little after dark. The enemy's deliberately chosen position was of course a good one. The “run” was of little consequence, so far as water was concerned, being rarely over two feet deep; but its immediate banks were in places swampy and scarcely passable; while a bare, smooth slope ascended gently for half a mile or so to a crest or ridge, perhaps a hundred feet above the surface of the stream, already bristling with abatis, infantry parapets, and epaulements for batteries. After careful reconnoissance, an attack directly in front was negatived : so Warren, with the 2d and a division of the 6th corps, was impelled farther to our left (south), with instructions to feel for the enemy's flank and turn it if possible, while each corps commander should more closely examine the ground in his front, and report on the practicability of an assault. The next day" was spent in this reconnoissance—the Rebel defenses being of course strengthened every hour—Gen. Wright, commanding a division of the 6th corps, reporting, at 6 P.M., that he had discovered a point on our extreme right where an assault might be made with a good prospect of cheap and decisive success. Warren soon reported from our
left that he had outflanked the enemy’s line of defenses, and could easily assault and turn them. Meade thereupon decided to attack at all points next morning. At 8 P. M., Warren reported to Meade in person, expressing such confidence in his ability to carry every thing before him, while French had reported against the assault just ordered on the enemy's center, that Meade decided to forego, or at least to postpone, that assault, and send two divisions of the 3d corps to réenforce Warren, so as to give him six divisions (nearly half the army), and thus render the success of his contemplated attack a moral certainty. So our men lay down once more on their arms, with orders to the corps commanders that the batteries of the right and center should open at 8 A. M.;” at which hour, Warren was to make the grand assault: Sedgwick striking in on our right an hour later; while the three divisions of the 1st. and 3d corps, left to hold our center, which were only to demonstrate and menace in the morning, were to advance and assault whenever the flank attacks should have proved successful. Meantime, our cavalry skirmished at various points with the enemy’s, who attempted to molest our communications at the fords and elsewhere; but who were repulsed and driven off. Our batteries opened at the designated hour; our skirmishers in the center dashed across Mine Run, pushing back those of the enemy; while Sedgwick, who had massed his column during the night, as near the enemy's lines as possible, awaited the moment for attack. But nothing
** Nov. 29. WTOL. II.-26
was heard from Warren, till ten minutes before 9, when his dispatch reached Meade, stating that he had found the enemy's defenses so strong that he did not feel able to carry them, and had suspended his attack in consequence. Sedgwick was thereupon directed to hold off till further orders, while Meade galloped to Warren, four miles off, and conferred with him as to the situation. He found Warren fixed in the conviction that an attack on this flank was hopeless; and now it was too late to concentrate for a determined attack on the center; while, if the attempt to flank the enemy's left was to be further prosecuted, the whole army must be moved toward our left, abandoning the turnpike, which was our main line of communication and of retreat. Meade concluded to desist for the day: the 5th and 6th corps, with two divisions of the 3d, returning to their former positions. Meanwhile, the opening of our batteries in the morning had exposed to the enemy the point on his left where we had purposed to attack, and he had made haste to strengthen it by earthworks, abatis, and guns. Our supply trains had been left north of the Tapidan. If the movement should be persisted in, they must be brought over, in order that our soldiers’ haversacks might be re
plenished. Then the turnpike and plank roads must be abandoned, and our army cut loose from its resources, at a season when a few hours' rain would convert the river in its rear into a raging, foaming flood. All the important roads in this region run from Gordonsville and Orange Court IIouse eastward to Fredericksburg; and our army, moving southward to flank the enemy, must cut and bridge roads for its guns and trains. That army, if not discouraged by the bungles and failures of the last week, must by this time have been soured and intensely disgusted. To rush it now on the Rebel defenses—which had grown and were growing stronger each hour—would be to expose it to defeat in a position where defeat was sure to be disastrous, and might prove ruinous. Meade decided, therefore, to back out—and this was the least wretched part of the entire wretched business. He says he should have marched to the heights of Fredericksburg, if IIalleck had left him at liberty to do so; but he probably evinced more sense, if less spirit, in plumply retreating, so bringing his army back across the Tapidan during the night,” and taking up his pontoons next morning, without having been pursued, or anywise molested during his retreat." And this terminated, with the Army of the Potomac, the campaign of 1863.
* Dec. 1–2.
* Gen. A. P. Howe, testifying before the Committee on the Conduct of the War, thus sums up the judgment of those officers of his army who were dissatisfied with Meade's leadership:
“I do not think they have full confidence in the ability or state of mind of Gen. Meade. What I mean by that is the animus that directs the movements of the army. They do not think there is that heart, and energy, and earnestness of purpose in the war, to make every use of the means at his command to injure the enemy and carry on the war successfully. I do not think
they have, I will not say confidence, but faith in him. They do not expect from him what the crisis seems to call for. They believe that, if he is attacked, he will do all he can to defend his position. But that he will act with zeal and energy, or that his whole heart and soul are in the bringing all the means successfully to bear to break down the enemy, so far as I can judge, they do not look for that; they do not expect it. So far as I can judge, a great many officers think he can do very well in a defensive fight. If he was called upon to guard the Potomac or Washington, he will make good marches to stop the enemy; but that he will be active, zealous, en
The more important military operations in (and from) WEST WIRGINLA, during 1863, were as follows:
A raiding expedition, 1,000 strong, consisting of the 2d Virginia (Union) cavalry, Col. John Toland, and 34th Ohio infantry (mounted), which struck out" from Browntown, West Virginia, crossing Lens mountain to Coal river, and thence moving southeasterly by Raleigh and Wyoming Court House, zigzagged over the Guyan, Tug, and several other ranges of mountains, swooped down” on Wytheville, a village of 1,800 inhabitants, and a place of considerable importance. IIitherto, they had passed over a rugged, wild, and sterile region, having very few inhabitants and no elements of resistance; but, charging into Wytheville, they were fired on from the houses, whereby Col. Toland was soon killed and Col. Powell, 34th Ohio, mortally wounded, as were several of their leading subordinates. After firing some of the buildings whence they were thus assailed, our men, abandoning their dead and wounded, fell back two miles and encamped ; starting for home, under Lt.-Col. Franklin, 34th Ohio, early next morning. IIungry, worn out, and dispirited, they lost
nearly.half their horses on their de
vious way homeward: wending from
early dawn till midnight over the
roughest mountains, and being four days without food, till they struck Tug fork the second night, where they found and killed some cattle. Misled by a treacherous guide, they wasted next day wandering through the mountains, finding" rations and feed at Fayetteville; having ridden over 400 miles, lost 83 men, with at least 300 horses, and endured as much misery as could well be crowded into a profitless raid of eight days.
Gen. W. W. Averill, setting forth from Huttonsville, Itandolph county, moved down the line dividing West from old Virginia, pushing back the small Rebel forces in that quarter under Col. W. S. [“Mudwall’] Jackson, and menacing an advance on Staunton. At length, when near Lewisburg and White Sulphur Springs, he was met" by a force about equal to his own, under Maj.-Gen Sam. Jones, but more immediately commanded by Col. Geo. S. Patton, who had chosen a strong position in a gorge between steep mountains that precluded flanking, where a spirited fight was maintained throughout the day, and till noon of the next; when Averill drew off, short of ammunition, leaving one disabled gun. IIe had calculated on help from Gen. Scammon, commanding on the Kanawha, which did not reach lim. Our
crgetic, in using his means to strike successful
offensive blows against the enemy, not at all; he
is not the man for that—at least that is my im-
pression.
“ Question: The same observation you apply
to Gen. Meade will apply to the corps command-
ors you refer to, will it not?
“Answer: I think so. I do not know as it
would be proper for me to state here the terms
we use in the army. Ilowever, we say there is
too much Copperheadism in it. This is so for
different reasons: with some, there is a desire to
raise up Gen. McClellan; with others, there is
a dislike to some of the measures of the Gov-
ernment: they do not like the way the Negro
question is handled. And, again, the impres-
sion is made upon my mind that there are some
who have no faith in this war, who have no
heart in it; they will not do any thing to com-
mit themselves; but there is a wide difference
between doing your duty so as not to commit
yourself, and doing all that might reasonably be
expected of you at these times. I do not know
as I can express myself better than saying that
there is Copperheadism at the root of the nat-
* July 13. * July 1s. “July 23, ”Aug. 26.
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GUEST BLOGGER: Fatal Trip to the Hairdressers in Kandahar City
Posted By: Rebecca W., working with CIVIC’s Erica in Afghanistan
At 3pm on July 22, 2006, Amanullah sent his ten-year old son to get a much-needed haircut. As usual, the father and son had been working since the morning selling ice-cream from their cart. This day, however, changed that routine forever. As his son reached the hairdressers, a suicide bomber exploded a car-full of explosives that were directed at a convoy of Canadian troops. Eight civilians, including Amanullah’s son, were killed.
Amanullah immediately ran over to help his son. A second suicide bomb then exploded and shrapnel became embedded in Amanullah’s feet, legs and arms. Since that day, Amanullah has found it almost impossible to support his family of six women and small children. He no longer has an assistant to help him with the ice-cream cart and his injuries make it difficult for him to undertake the hard physical labor required to make and sell ice-cream.
Amanullah lost his son to a suicide bomber targeting Canadian troops
Amanullah borrowed money from his relatives to support his family and to pay for hospital bills and was in despair about his future. ACAP, however, heard about his situation and contacted him to offer assistance. “This help was a miracle,” he told me. After interviewing Amanullah about his skills and employment options, ACAP agreed to fulfill his request for a cow. “I asked for a cow,” he said, “because I can keep it and feed it and we will sell the milky products of the cow and get money for our daily needs.” ACAP is also providing stationary to two of Amanullah’s children who are attending primary school.
GUEST BLOGGER: Dangerous Security Situation Hinders Distribution of the Afghan Civilian Assistance P
GUEST BLOGGER: “Next time, I will not vote for Karzai; I will vote for my donkey” – Pt. 1
GUEST BLOGGER: Civilians Flee to Kandahar City After ISAF Aerial Bombing
GUEST BLOGGER: Killed for Failing to Stop his Car
GUEST BLOGGER: The Three Carpenters from Kandahar – Pt. 2
By Center for Civilians in Conflict August 18, 2008
PreviousPrevious post:GUEST BLOGGER: Killed for Failing to Stop his CarNextNext post:GUEST BLOGGER: Night Raids and Cultural Insensitivity Anger Kandahar Civilians
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Clan Cameron in Australia
Cameron Tartan, Crest, Motto, War Cry
Message from Lochiel
Septs
The Clan Cameron DNA Project
Cameron Genealogies – 2021
Cameron Stories Shared – Edition 1
Clan Cameron DNA Project Update
By Admin Uncategorized No Comments
By Joanne Cameron (Co-Administrator)
The tree of mankind is possibly quite good to illustrate the position of where Group A Cameron men sit, all the numbers i.e. R-A6138 represent actual men in history! We know that the progenitor of Clan Cameron was most likely R-A6138. This tree only came to be because of those who take their testing further i.e. The Big Y-700. It will only get better!
R-M269Here is the descent (shown as SNP’s) descending from R-M269 which has 10,761 downstream branches to date! R-M269 is the most common YDNA Haplogroup in Western Europe and is thought to have originated about 9,500
R-L580 follows on from R-DF21
Here is the descent (shown as SNP’s) descending from R-M269 which has 10,761 downstream branches to date! R-M269 is the most common YDNA Haplogroup in Western Europe and is thought to have originated about 9,500 years ago in the region of the Black Sea, and then spread to Europe very soon thereafter.
**The Celtic people i.e. Cornish, Welsh, Irish, Scot (Royal Stewart) branch out from R-DF13 of which there are 4,485 current branches found to date. From R-DF13>R-Z39589>R-DF41 which dating as of May 2019 has as a male who lived in the mid Bronze Age (1700-1750 BC). This SNP is sometimes known as a Scot SNP but new testing is proving this to be not always the case**
R-A7298 is the progenitor of Clan Cameron, MacPhee and MacNab. R-A7300 is the progenitor of Cameron and MacPhee. The 10 branches underneath R-A6138 are a mixture of now named cadets (McMartin, MacGillonie and Clunes) and unnamed cadets still to be named.
It is pretty easy to categorise the Celts and Vikings as being one particular stock and therefore haplogroup. In reality, we have Norse Vikings and Danish Vikings both of which appear to be either R1A or of the I1 Haplogroup. It is pretty rare in England to see the R1A Haplogroup appear in areas that weren’t occupied by the Vikings but in the same breath Haplogroup I1 is found in high frequencies in Scandinavia so the reality is that both can be named “Viking”.
The same can be said for the “Celts”. The true Celts are the native people who most likely populated parts of the British Isles after the last ice age and whose populations appear in Cornwall, Wales and Ireland. The Royal Stewart Line in Scotland are “Celts” but they share the same Y Haplogroup (and paternal ancestor) as those who have the earliest roots in Cornwall. The so-called Celts of the British Isles.
This Haplogroup is part of R1B so if we go back even further in history all R1B men share the same ancestor, Camerons included (the lineage branched out many thousands of years ago from the “Celts”). Remember surnames are relatively recent in the history of mankind.
However, Group A Camerons certainly don’t appear to be of Norse origin. We have to also at this stage be careful with the known history of Clan Cameron, our aim of the Project is to sort fact from fiction so we treat all we know of the Clan with kid gloves. There are many layers of history to uncover. Loraine and I are very fortunate that we have a number of family historians that help us, including former Australian Commissioner Dr Bob Cameron.
However with each Group A BigY-700 test that does come in we increase our knowledge of the Clan. We are seeing real definition with the new testing that wasn’t there before. We are incredibly excited about it actually, the new SNP’s that are being found are also giving us better dating.
The only reason we can now align both Bob and Fraser (Fraser was our NZ Commissioner before Nick took over a couple of years ago) is because they took up the Big Y-700 test.
We know that with our Group A Camerons YSTR testing is unable to tell someone which cadet they belong to because a phenomenon called convergence or back mutation occurs in these men.
This is when a YSTR moves, mutates, either forward or backward over time. So with other surname projects YSTR testing is very heavily used and relied on for placement in their Project, but it is virtually useless for our Group A Cameron men. The only use we have for it is within the first 37-67 YSTRS there is a reliable signature that tells us whether or not the tester belongs to Group A or not.
This is the reason why we recommend our Group A testers to upgrade, we are aware of the expense, however, and totally understand those who cannot do so. Family Tree DNA hold your sample for 25 years in case you do want to future upgrade so don’t worry too much about that. However, if they do need a fresh sample they email you and send out a new test kit to use and send back.
James Cameron, Commissioner of Clan Cameron in Australia, awarded PhD
Highland Councillors unanimously refuse Culloden Moor Treetop Stables development application – 8 December
Another article 8 December: The Inverness Courier – A plan for a Culloden steading conversion re-appears
Fresh battle as Culloden house plan blocked by Scottish Government is revived – 4 December
The Group to Stop Development at Culloden achieve a victory – 17 November
Your donation will help Clan Cameron NSW members keep this website live.
Contact details for the clan
© 2021 - Clan Cameron in Australia
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Home » Publications » Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) » Journal Article » Earth System Model Development
09/2020 The DOE E3SM v1.1 Biogeochemistry Configuration: Description and Simulated Ecosystem‐Climate Responses to Historical Changes in Forcing Journal Article Burrows, S. M. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
08/2020 Enhanced Predictability of Eastern North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Activity Using the ENSO Longitude Index Journal Article Balaguru, Karthik Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
08/2020 Characterizing Tropical Cyclones in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 1 Journal Article Balaguru, Karthik Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
04/2020 A Substantial Role of Soil Erosion in the Land Carbon Sink and its Future Changes Journal Article Tan, Zeli Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
03/2020 Exploring Topography‐Based Methods for Downscaling Subgrid Precipitation for Use in Earth System Models Journal Article Tesfa, Teklu K. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
01/2020 Aerosols in the E3SM Version 1: New Developments and Their Impacts on Radiative Forcing Journal Article Wang, Hailong Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2019 Impact of Nudging Strategy on the Climate Representativeness and Hindcast Skill of Constrained EAMv1 Simulations Journal Article Sun, Jian Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
11/2019 Flood Inundation Generation Mechanisms and Their Changes in 1953–2004 in Global Major River Basins Journal Article Mao, Yuna Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
09/2019 Characteristics of Human-Climate Feedbacks Differ at Different Radiative Forcing Levels Journal Article Calvin, Katherine Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2018 Informing Energy Consumption Uncertainty: An Analysis of Energy Data Revisions Journal Article Hoesly, Rachel M Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2018 Parametric Sensitivity and Uncertainty Quantification in the Version 1 of E3SM Atmosphere Model Based on Short Perturbed Parameter Ensemble Simulations Journal Article Qian, Yun Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
08/2018 Modeling Sediment Yield in Land Surface and Earth System Models: Model Comparison, Development, and Evaluation Journal Article Tan, Zeli Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
07/2018 Development and Evaluation of an Explicit Treatment of Aerosol Processes at Cloud Scale Within a Multi-Scale Modeling Framework (MMF) Journal Article Guangxing Lin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
07/2018 Development and Evaluation of an Explicit Treatment of Aerosol Processes at Cloud Scale Within a Multi-Scale Modeling Framework (MMF) Journal Article Lin, Guangxing Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
07/2018 Observational Constraint on Cloud Susceptibility Weakened by Aerosol Retrieval Limitations Journal Article Ma, Po-Lun Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
07/2018 Analysis of Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations for Scale Dependence of Convective Momentum Transport Journal Article Liu, Yi-Chin Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
06/2018 Structure and Evolution of Mesoscale Convective Systems: Sensitivity to Cloud Microphysics in Convection-Permitting Simulations Over the United States Journal Article Feng, Zhe Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
06/2018 Integrated Human-Earth System Modeling—State of the Science and Future Directions Journal Article Calvin, Katherine Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
06/2018 Finding the Leaks That Could Sink a Great Ship Journal Article Zhang, Kai Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
04/2018 The Role of Convective Gustiness in Reducing Seasonal Precipitation Biases in the Tropical West Pacific Journal Article Harrop, Bryce E. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
04/2018 Using the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Datasets to Evaluate Climate Models in Simulating Diurnal and Seasonal Variations of Tropical Clouds Journal Article Wang, Hailong Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
01/2018 Historical (1750–2014) Anthropogenic Emissions of Reactive Gases and Aerosols from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS) Journal Article Hoesly, Rachel M Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2017 A Global Data Analysis for Representing Sediment and Particulate Organic Carbon Yield in Earth System Models Journal Article Tan, Zeli Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2017 Impact of Numerical Choices on Water Conservation in the E3SM Atmosphere Model Version 1 Journal Article Zhang, Kai Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
12/2017 Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions Journal Article Bond-Lamberty, Ben Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
11/2017 Hydrological Drought in the Anthropocene: Impacts of Local Water Extraction and Reservoir Regulation in the U.S. Journal Article Wan, Wenhua Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
06/2017 Recent Advances in Understanding Secondary Organic Aerosol: Implications for global climate forcing Journal Article Shrivastava, Manish Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL)
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Cluesforum—Exposing Mass Deception
visit SEPTEMBERCLUES.info
Board index GENERAL DISCUSSION - The Age of Media Fakery Worldwide media deceptions
The farcical comedy of "Wikileaks", "Anonymous" etc.
Anything on the news and elsewhere in the media with evidence of digital manipulation, bogus story-lines and propaganda
fbenario
Contact fbenario
Unread post by fbenario » Wed Nov 25, 2009 1:40 pm
Some of them apparently describe bombs at the WTC - more proof of controlled demolition.
9/11 Text Messages Released: Wikileaks Publishes Intercepted Government Pager Texts As They Were Sent
Government employees sent more than 500,000 text pager messages In the hours before and after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. At 3 a.m. (EST) Wednesday, November 25, those intercepted messages will be published online at Wikileaks. The messages will be published at the same times that they were originally sent on 9/11.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/2 ... 70085.html
I only got two words for this:
AWE. SOME.
simonshack
Contact simonshack
Unread post by simonshack » Wed Nov 25, 2009 6:54 pm
fbenario @ Nov 25 2009, 01:40 PM wrote:
Fbenario, not so fast...
There are various considerations - & interpretations - we should do regarding this 'timely' WIKILEAK release (8 years+ after 9/11 ?). I took the liberty to create a specific thread for this, as you were the first member here who brought it up today - hope it's ok with you.
See, today, I walked past a TV-set by pure chance (an incredible coincidence, if you ask me - I hardly EVER get near one, nowadays! :D ). The news (on Italian RAI state television!) reported this WIKILEAK thing - with shots of their website and all. Of course, there were also the same old fake 9/11 images (planes/tower collapses) and the news story was all about the 'disturbing fact' that these pager messages were publicly available on the web - and how this could infringe privacy and so on...
I decided to dedicate the day to this matter. Below, you will find a link to a Word file - the result of my day's work - which I hope you will check out. So let us firstly postulate that these pager messages are real and legit. Let us also consider that they are a complete list of all the pager messages sent on the morning of 9/11. Let's now see what they contain:
1: Messages of persons mentioning "seeing a plane" - worded so as to suggest they saw it with their own eyes - such as this: 2001-09-11 08:54:27 Arch [0932332] D ALPHA 27-LARRY, CALL BRIAN 516-238-2428. WANT TO KNOW IF OUR MEN ARE OKAY, SAW A PLANE HIT BLDG.
2: A great deal of duplicated messages - with the very same text, only with different user numbers.
3: A great deal of CNN(or other news outlets)messages such as this:
2001-09-11 08:53:33 Arch [0928311] B ALPHA BREAKING NEWS from CNN.com -- World trade center damaged; unconfirmed reports say a plane has crashed into tower. Details to come. For complete coverage of this story visit: http://www.CNN.com
4: A great deal of mentions of "planes" - without further detail - such as these:
-" Unconfirmed reports say a plane has crashed into tower. Details to come"
- "Dave, just an update. A plane has crashed into the World Trade Center. We have no further info."
-"Plane crashed into WTC, our staff at 5 WTC is presently recorded safe details to follow."
However, as you may understand, I have strong reasons to suspect this WIKILEAK "SCOOP" is but another crass and unimaginative way of perpetuating the "plane" myth. If this story has been diffused to worldwide TV-viewers there must be a reason for it. The few mentions of 'explosions' (vastly outnumbered by the "plane" word) in these pager messages are only trinkets thrown at the 'conspiracy crowd' to make them jump up and down and dance in circles. Again - and best of all - if these pager messages are real they certainly do nothing to prove that a commercial passenger plane hit the WTC. <_<
http://www.septclues.com/TEXT%20FILES/W ... ssages.doc
http://www.septemberclues.info
Unread post by fbenario » Thu Nov 26, 2009 1:21 am
Simon, your compilation is GREAT work. You have done quite a job organizing all this info, and shown that much of it looks like standard-issue disinfo from CNN and other perps. It just dawned on me that, since you and Hoi have convincingly shown that there was NO electronic communication in/around the WTC during the 'attack', it is certainly possible that these 'text messages' are no more real than the 9/11 'amateur' videos you've debunked. Since you determined that so many of these 'texts' appear to be copies of a few originals, we probably shouldn't think there are actually hundreds of thousands of different text messages to analyze - especially if there wasn't ANY ability to send even a single text from the WTC during that period.
Re: The Wikileak "pager Scoop"
I have copied this thread from the Reality Shack archives - since the Julian Assange clown is now being proposed by TIME magazine as "Person of The Year" !
*********************************************************************************************************************************************************************************
http://www.time.com/time/specials/packa ... 27,00.html
JULIAN ASSANGE - "the super sleuth"
So now we have :
Barack Hussein Obama (the man who continually bombs thousands of people with his Pentagon Death Machine):
2010 PERSON OF THE YEAR
Julian Assange (the man who - allegedly - continuously hacks into thousands of the Pentagon Death Machine's top secrets)
We live in a very, very silly world...
walkingwizard
Contact walkingwizard
Unread post by walkingwizard » Thu Nov 18, 2010 7:15 pm
Below you find what Sweden best selling paper(svd.se) has to say today:
Stockholm City Court decided today to arrest Julian Assange in his absence, on suspicion of rape, sexual assault and coercion.
As part of the execution of the warrant will Assange now after candled internationally and it issued a European arrest warrant.
- It is satisfying that we now have the opportunity to go forward in the investigation. It is at a point where we can not proceed without hearing Julian Assange, "said Marianne New to the Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet.
A large press corps with a dozen photographers got to Stockholm's district court for detention hearing against Julian Assange - who himself did not show up.
Prosecutor Erika Lejnefors urged that Assange be remanded in absentia. He is suspected of unlawful coercion, two counts of sexual assault in Stockholm, an instance of the same crime in Enköping and, most seriously, a case of rape in Enköping August 17 this summer.
He noted a number of reasons, detention and seeking authorization to impose restrictions on Assange well apprehended.
Assanges lawyer Bjorn Hurtig said that his client denies all allegations and says that there is no reason for detention.
- My client denies the facts alleged and denies arrest claim. It is disproportionate to detain him now that he has been at large for so long.
When SvD spoke to Hurtig, he had not had time to go through proper investigation but called it "lean" and said he thought there were grounds for arrest.
- This shows that we have problems with the Swedish system and that it is extremely easy to arrest someone on probable cause. There is no right to detain someone just because you want to interview the person when they want, "said Bjorn Hurtig.
He also would not answer, his client is experiencing.
SvD spoke with Assange earlier in November.
So he called allegations of "false and defamatory".
He says that the whole matter has been handled poorly by the Swedish authorities from the beginning and that he plans sue the Swedish state because of the legal mistakes he thinks he has been exposed.
- I have not served a single document if neither the allegations or otherwise. I know nothing more than the public about what happens in the case.
Assange said he stayed in Sweden for three, four days after police to wait for "that they would get things up", but when he was not contacted by police or prosecutors, he left the country.
But women Claimant counsel lawyer Claes Borgström is relieved.
- At last, this has been stressful for my clients, "he told SvD.
- And it's clear that Julian Assange absconds.
But in a press release from Julian Assanges British lawyer, posted on Twitter, he writes that Assange several times over the last three months has offered to be interrogated. Assange, according to the lawyer, agreed to be interviewed either in person, by telephone, via video link or e-mail, both before he left Sweden and even later, when he was in Britain.
According to the press release has been denied all suggestions by the prosecutor.
And according to lawyer Bjorn Hurtig stopped his client in Sweden until 14 September in anticipation of hearing. When nothing happened, did Assange leave Sweden to continue his job with Wikileaks. Hurtig asked the prosecutor if it went well - and she said yes.
"It is important for it means that Julian has not escaped from Sweden to escape justice," he writes in a letter to the British law firm, which was also published on Twitter.
Chief Prosecutor Marianne New to comment on this.
- I can not comment on it further than he has been charged in his absence since the end of September.
Attorney Björn Hurtig said that you said that you agreed to Assange left Sweden?
- I have not given any permission but I can confirm that Hurtig in mid-September, asked if there were any enforcement against Julian Assange, where he was arrested or had a travel ban. It was there at that time.
In August, on-call prosecutors to arrest Assange in his absence. Doubts applied when a rape in Enköping area, and one case of sexual molestation in Stockholm. Claimants were two young women.
The day after heaving another prosecutor anhållningsbeslutet and launched a criminal investigation if only molestation.
Women Claimant counsel lawyer Claes Borgström appeal and the case was taken over by the special prosecutor in Gothenburg, has now been asked Assange custody.
Contact obrien
Unread post by obrien » Fri Nov 19, 2010 5:26 am
my humble opinion- i smelled a phony from the beginning with this all too slick sumbitch assange. imo not only is wikileaks a state controlled "outlet" but if any real "leakers" are dumb enough to trust them, wikileaks could actually help to lead them to permanent silence by betraying them to those they intended to expose. you dont need wikileaks in the first place - if you have documents, photos, videos, or whatever that exposes some big entity, there are 100's of free online outlets for you to disseminate your info, and you could do it anonymously. you could sit out by a cybercafe, go to a public library or college computer lab, you could steal free unsecured wifi randomly floating in the air, there many ways to whistleblow online with relatively good protection/anonymity and yet still reach a broad audience. so there is no need for any wikileaks.
the flip side is that once you do reveal whatever it is you've found, even without your name to it, the guilty party can pretty much figure out who you are anyway. so again, wikileaks is useless as an actual middleman if you're hoping they will buffer you from whoever you're exposing. whatever wikileaks is pretending to leak is state-sanctioned with a specific purpose intended to be gained from its release. for example, some bureaucrats have beef with some generals, or maybe some colonels have some beefs with some generals, or whatever combination where there are 2 opposing forces existing in the same government or agency, so what do they do? they release the helicopter footage of some innocent people getting murdered for no reason and suddenly some asshole or another is in trouble directly and ends up marginalized (neutralized). i bet the death from above death by way of american forces happens regularly in the middle east and we never hear a word about it, much less get to actually watch the carnage taped. but in this case, to help build wikileaks "good guy" credibility with would be actual whistleblowers and the general public, along with the prior mentioned intention of settling scores inside the ranks, this time the video gets played over and over on all the various mainstream outlets and discussion is not only allowed but encouraged or even forced. if you see it on tv, then always doubt it. not just its "realness" but whatever implications are feigned by the mouthpieces. like i said, that sort of military misuse (murder from above via chopper) happens often and there isnt even a chance for outrage because we never get told anything about it. so the fake outrage isnt because these people empathize with the victims, its because thats the agenda put in front of them before these segments air, or before they write their articles and stories.
real leakers get neutralized.
fake leakers get lauded with awards and coverage.
Contact fred
Unread post by fred » Fri Nov 19, 2010 5:57 am
Well said, O'Brien. IMHO Wikileaks is nothing but a government-run honeypot with a "sex offender" founder story to make the tale seem lurid enough that the media could plausibly cover it.
repentantandy
Contact repentantandy
Other Assanges in the Woodpile
Unread post by repentantandy » Wed Nov 24, 2010 10:39 pm
The Julian Assange "controlled leaks" scam should not be thought of as the only tree in the shocking-disinfo forest, IMHO.
It's way past time to cast a skeptical eye on some other likely strategic misdirections, such as the ABC News/James Bamford "discovery" of the OPERATION NORTHWOODS papers and the FOX News/Carl Cameron "discovery" of the FIVE DANCING ISRAELIS.
First of all, ol' Bamford has been the "house biographer" of the NSA for many years, suffering no career damage and getting rich from multiple widely-available books (carried in all the big-box chain bookstores) supposedly outing the spooks' bad behavior. I suspect that whatever the real-deal was, concerning the Joint Chiefs plan to false-flag the USA into invading Cuba during the Kennedy administration, the mass-dissemination of the Northwoods scenario, just months before 9/11, had to have been approved/permitted on high -- to plant the seed for the toxic weed that would grow into the "authorized" (think 9/11 Blogger) truth movement.
And then there's the Fox-y website "scrubbing" of all mention of the high-fiving Mossad videographers (plus various other "art students" and "movers") only AFTER the stories were nationally broadcast and LEFT on the Fox site for many days. I call this a political vaccination by the "doctors of Murdoch" -- aimed directly at all the Zion-friendly media folk who were NOT in on the plan, specifically to frighten them into suspecting that the SLC that holds their strongest national allegiance might indeed be complicit, and thus making dedicated supporters (of the OCT) of them for the duration of the "war on terror".
So now we have Fox-puppet Geraldo "changing his mind" -- after a NYC media blitz over "Building What?"
Limited hangout number whatever must be just around the corner (of the metaphorical, long-since raided henhouse).
We should know by now that there are NO mass-distributed, MSM "exposes" that can EVER be trusted.
MartinL
Joined: Mon Oct 19, 2009 10:08 am
Contact MartinL
Wikileaks > leaking war propaganda and disinformation
Unread post by MartinL » Sun Nov 28, 2010 8:10 pm
Everyone got their popcorn out?
What kind of BS will they try to sell us this time? Its on!
http://www.nytimes.com/
Re: The "Wikileaks" farcical comedy
Unread post by simonshack » Sun Nov 28, 2010 11:29 pm
I just stumbled into a living room with a TV-set blaring out the "news"...
An Italian TV reporter actually babbled something to this tune: "the Wikileaks revelations are poised to hit Western diplomacy like another September 11 !..."
It's time to switch that foolish box off. Forever. Do it. Just say 'no'.
Unread post by repentantandy » Tue Nov 30, 2010 3:42 am
Officially, the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment protects the dissemination of news and opinion (regardless of how it distresses the current party in power) from government censorship and punishment. Even embarrassing-to-the-powers-that-be facts/data/commentary that the government vaguely claims "harms national security" cannot be LEGALLY interfered with by Uncle Sam -- YET.
The famous "Pentagon Papers" case affirmed this hugely important principle in 1971 when the justices voted 6-3 to weaken the government's enforcement of the 1917 Espionage Act, which the Nixon Administration attempted to use as a "prior restraint" justification.
Well, today the Obama Administration started making nasty noises about "strengthening" that dusty-and-dubious old statute via Eric Holder's announced "investigation" of a possible prosecution of Assange and Company.
So, is this the "perfect storm" brewing -- for a modern-day lifting of the enormously "heavy burden of proof" the 1971 court said the feds must always meet to LEGALLY censor-and-punish its detractors in the name of protecting "national security"?
Could very well be.
Consider what might be the ultimate role that the spooky Assange was originally assigned by his shadowy controllers years ago, when the MSM initiated its drumbeat campaign to bless his cyber-pranks honeypot with the "street cred" of leak-tweaking high-level noses.
Remember that the Federalist Society's trusty R-A-T-S (Roberts/Alito/Thomas/Scalia) were already firmly ensconsed and busily at work, gnawing their wicked way through one constitutional protection after another, BEFORE the Brown Sock Puppet (mis)-took his oath and started recruiting fake-liberal, "stealth allies" (Elena & Sonia) for that dastardly crew.
The next 6-3 vote on the Espionage Act might be in the opposite direction, compared to the 1971 ruling, and Barry Boy's fabled "kill switch" could be judicially transformed into A HAMMER.
hoi.polloi
Unread post by hoi.polloi » Tue Nov 30, 2010 3:54 am
A horrible thought.
Then, we'll have to start denying acceptance of all sorts of things just to intensify the refusal to believe government opinion!
Unread post by fbenario » Fri Dec 03, 2010 4:11 pm
No surprises here.
Wikileaks founder Julian Assange has close links to the Economist, controlled by the Rothschild banking family
Julian Assange, the Wikileaks founder who plans to leak bank documents that will take down „one or two“ major banks according to Forbes, has won an award from the Economist, a magazine belonging to the Economist group, half of which is owned by the Financial times, a subsidiary of Pearson PLC. A group of independent shareholders, including many members of the staff and the Rothschild banking family of England.
Kurt Nimmo writes that the Economist is owned by members of the Rothschild banking family of England. It is run by the Economist Group, a known CIA front
Assange’s latest Wikileaks have been hyped by the mainstream media around the world as a major diplomatc row and destablising factor in spite of the fact that they are largely trivial gossip and news items that are in alignment with the Globalist’s goals.
If Assange were a real activist, he would not be getting any coverage from the mainstream media, let alone so headlines every day in every well known corporate media outlet. The alleged hide and seek between Assange and the US government as well as Interpol is played out on the theatrical stage of the world’s media when it is well known the US government and Interpol can arrest anyone they want virtually any time they want given their immense resources.
The Economist and FT were also among the corporate media that consistently hyped the swine flu pandemic and the need for vaccines last April while blocking information about the incident where Baxter contaminated 72 kilos of seasonal flu vaccine with the bird flu virus in ist biosecurity level 3 labs — virtually ruling out an accident — and so nearly triggered a global bird flu pandemic.
This media group has also consistently given misinformation about the current financial crisis and how it is being engineered by the banks to rob people, using the fractional reserve banking system.
http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=15442
Unread post by hoi.polloi » Fri Dec 03, 2010 8:45 pm
Once again, we have the pattern of Rothschild-waged pre-war conditions in which banks are deliberately targeted and made to appear 'victimized' while they clandestinely arrange for something else. I hope this does not portend another 'world war'.
Unread post by fbenario » Sat Dec 04, 2010 8:34 pm
These people are really vile. Nice destruction of the 1st Amendment.
State Dept Warning Students Not to Read, Share WikiLeaks
Columbia University’s Office of Career Service is said to have passed around an email warning students that if they read WikiLeaks or make comments related to the releases it would render them ineligible for any government jobs in the future, based on a warning sent by a former student working at the State Department.
The Social Security Administration has also sent an alert to all its employees warning them that reading anything related to the WikiLeaks release could subject them to “federal criminal statutes for unlawful access to or transmission of classified information.”
Even the Library of Congress is getting into the game, with attempts to visit the website at the Library resulting in a warning that the site is “malicious content” and has been blocked.
http://news.antiwar.com/2010/12/03/stat ... wikileaks/
Return to “Worldwide media deceptions”
WE AND THE FORUM
↳ HOW TO REGISTER at CLUESFORUM - and other tips
↳ THE LIVING ROOM
↳ The TYCHOS model
SEPTEMBER CLUES AND 9/11
↳ SEPTEMBER CLUES: the 9/11 psyop exposed: the media aired a "Made-for-TV Hollywood movie"
↳ VICSIMS: the simulated victims of 9/11
↳ THE 9/11 HOAX infrastructure - and its operatives: too many people involved?
↳ Truthers and shills
↳ September Clues - the movie
↳ General 9/11 Affairs
GENERAL DISCUSSION - The Age of Media Fakery
↳ Apollo, and more space hoaxes
↳ London, Madrid, Oslo and other faked terror events: the psyops are everywhere
↳ Worldwide media deceptions
↳ The Question of Fakery
↳ WWI - WWII, the Nuke Hoax, the Cold War and JFK
↳ General World Affairs
↳ Local psyops - and minor media scams
↳ The Pathology of The Mass Deceivers
The Genesis ;-) of Walmart Stores, Inc.
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Nigeria vs Spain: Some Thoughts
Spain progress from the group stage of the Confederations Cup with a perfect record of three wins from three games with this victory in Fortaleza. If the Spanish press were particularly enthusiastic after the opening game against Uruguay, their reaction to a sluggish, lethargic performance against Nigeria, despite the final scoreline flattering La Roja, would be interesting to say the least.
Spain opened brightly before falling away quite sharply. With greater quality in the final third, Nigeria could have asked some serious questions of the Spanish.
Spain coach del Bosque made changes to his starting line up yet against after the heavy defeat of Tahiti. Only Sergio Ramos remained which meant the Real Madrid defender has started all three games. The remainder of the team that had defeated Uruguay returned with the one exception being Valdes replacing Casillas in goal.
Nigeria vs Spain Starting Line Ups
Nigerian coach Stephen Keshi named his strongest available line up for a game that Nigeria had to win following their narrow defeat to Uruguay.
Spain Flattered
An unusual occurrence at the final whistle of this game arrived in the shape of a scoreline which, on the balance of the quality of chances created, probably flattered Spain.
La Roja started brightly and Iniesta had a shot well saved in the opening minute with Alba providing a supporting run. An early warning sign that was repeated just two minutes later when the marauding left back opening the scoring. Whilst his run was superb, the Nigerian defence should have dealt with him as he cut in centrally but any attempts to tackle him were poor at best. This should not deflect from the crucial moment in the development of the goal. The movement and positioning of Fabregas, Iniesta and Pedro.
Fabregas instigates the move when he plays a forward pass from a deep position enabling Iniesta and Pedro to combine. Both Barcelona players are very central, with Pedro completely vacating his right wing berth to link up. The movement of all three players helps create the chance which Alba converts.
And this set the tone for the opening 15 minutes. Spain pressed high up the pitch and recovered their position quickly against a Nigerian team that didn’t really counter that quickly. Then, Spain began to fade. The pressing dropped off and their general play lessened. Nigeria were able to build moves. Valdes was pressed at every opportunity and forced to kick long.
Nigeria created some half chances from cross balls but the required quality at the final moment was missing from their play and prevented them converting some of the chances they were creating. Mikel prompted play with some driving forward runs from midfield, a position that he occupies for Nigeria rather than his limited role with Chelsea. Musa continued his trend at this tournament of shooting yet failing to hit the target.
In the second half when Spain did increase the tempo once more, Torres scored his fifth goal of the tournament following fine play by David Silva moving laterally across the pitch and opening up space for Pedro to whip in a first time cross. The Nigerians still created and squandered chances with Gambo failing to convert the best opportunity in the 74th minute. The game ebbed away thereafter and Alba scored the most of the most unusual goals you may ever see in an international game. David Villa took a free kick in the left back area and found Alba, the most advanced Spanish player who was crossing the halfway line and who ran through on goal before rounding Enyeama.
Trial Run?
With no Xabi Alonso in the squad due to injury, del Bosque has now opted to play with just Sergio Busquets as the sole defensive midfielder in all three group games. The move away from the doble pivote system has been praised by some who criticised a system that has delivered a World Cup and a European Championship.
Is del Bosque trialling a system for use when Spain combat more defensive opponents or will does he not trust a doble pivote of Busquets and Martinez?
This has enabled him to field a midfield comprised of Busquets, Xavi and Iniesta in their normal positions releasing Iniesta from his wide left position with the national side and letting him flourish with driving runs forward from midfield as well as sharing the creative burden with Xavi.
The mid level block that Nigeria used offered space in behind the defence and Spain attempted to utilise this with a more vertical approach at times. The movement of Alba, Pedro and Soldado provides options but this tactic needs to be considered more often. Soldado has being deployed as a true number 9 and supported by Fabregas who plays behind him and has the freedom to move across the pitch laterally as well as horizontally, and Pedro who comes in off the right wing to form a front two on occasion. This system offers Spain tremendous fluidity in the attacking third but it also comes at a price.
Whilst this may please some sections of the media with their consideration of what constitutes attacking play, this verticality weakens the control of Spain. Defence splitting passes are harder to execute successfully. With a risky pass the rewards may be potentially greater but so are the consequences. The opposition gets the ball back more often. With only one defensive midfielder, the defence has less cover. To ensure the defence is adequately protected, the side must press from the front and do so in a coordinated fashion. And in hot and humid temperatures, no team wants to be pressing hard.
Performance Levels
Nigeria arrived at the Confederations Cup less than 48 hours before their opening group game against Tahiti. Despite the 6-1 win over the minnows, the performance was nowhere near good enough. An improved performance but a defeat followed against Uruguay which left Keshi’s troops to produce what was arguably their best performance of their tournament against Spain.
The current African Cup of Nations holders tackled the game in the correct manner with a mid level block that affords space behind the defensive line but it’s a risk worth taking to keep the defensive and midfield lines tight together. The compact unit becomes harder to play through and combined with Spain’s general malaise, Nigeria coped relatively well.
Their late arrival due to a World Cup qualifier may not have been ideal preparation but the inclusion of so many young Nigerian based players. You have to wonder if the Super Eagles could have claimed a better result against Uruguay had their preparation for this tournament not coincided with such a vital fixture.
Another factor which will surely influence games next year and which has had a noticeable effect on players has been the heat and humidity in some stadiums compared to others. Over such a large country with differing climatic conditions, players may need to adjust quite quickly to searing temperatures for fixtures. Acclimatising to such conditions will surely be at the forefront of many national teams who may want to arrive a little earlier than usual next summer.
A semi final against the Azzuri awaits Spain in Fortaleza in a few days time. The focus will be upon the Italians and how they can eliminate the psychological scars from their 4-0 defeat to Spain in the European Championship final just one year ago. A viewpoint that conveniently erases the 1-1 draw during the group phase of the same tournament.
Will Spain continue with the more attacking gameplan or will a fixture against a more tactically astute opponent with players who can execute that plan lead to an alteration in the Spanish system?
The Italians will not arrive in Fortaleza with any inferiority complex. If Spain don’t lift their performance levels on Thursday evening, the Confederations Cup will once again slip from within their grasp as it did in South Africa four years ago.
Filed under Tactics Tagged with del Bosque, doble pivote, Keshi, Nigeria, Spain
Engineering Change
“I have a commitment to make Manchester City my priority. I have a verbal agreement with them and I hope it is carried out”
And so, one of the worst kept secrets in football, is finally confirmed. Manuel Pellegrini will be the new coach of Manchester City after agreeing a 3 year deal at the club. Actually, there’s little point discussing anything else, is there? Following the endless speculation, the conjecture and the fall out from Mancini’s dismissal, Pellegrini has eventually been confirmed as the Italian’s successor. Given the prolonged nature of this appointment, everything that needs to be said already has been said. Pellegrini failed at Real Madrid after spending over £200m, didn’t he? He’s only ever won one trophy in Europe and that was the Intertoto cup back in 2004. What “success” he enjoyed at Malaga and Villarreal was built upon the back of considerable spending. And look at the financial mess both clubs are in now. Sadly, we cannot all write for the mainstream tabloids. Some of us actually watch European football and delve a little deeper than the mere production of superficial nonsense designed to illicit a response and sell copy.
Leaving aside the appointment of Pellegrini for a moment, the critics will argue about the supposed long term plan at City. Is this really evidence of a plan? The lavish spending (thus far) of over £40million on two players? This isn’t the future that UEFA had in mind when designing Financial Fair Play. It’s just more of the same from Manchester City and nothing new. This isn’t a brave new world – it’s just window dressing to cover the lack of progress the club is making. Very expensive window dressing.
Expensive Indulgence
A side in the north of England attempting to mimic a club on the coast of Spain ? This is an ego trip fuelled by the extravagance of owners whose wealth knows no bounds. This is vanity, which is how a number in the media may interpret it, poised to print the pre-written obituary of Pellegrini and others when the bricks come tumbling down. And the bricks may well come tumbling down but that should not disguise the clear strategy that Man City has and which they are following.
The comparisons with Spain (and ultimately Barcelona) are inevitable when City have appointed men like Ferran Soriano Compte and Aitor ‘Txiki’ Begiristain Mujik, both of whom are previous employees of the Catalan side. Begiristain was the man responsible for the appointment of Josep Guardiola as the new Coach of Barcelona back in 2008 when others on the Board felt Mourinho was a better fit for the side.
In attempting to construct a new philosophy at the club, it’s unavoidable to an extent that you will turn to men who had helped you in the past and who share your vision. That’s why City was interested, along with other elite sides, of appointing Guardiola as their new Coach. When it was confirmed that Guardiola would move elsewhere, City needed an alternative. Somebody who would fit with their vision for the club over the longer term and who would mould the side on the pitch accordingly. It was no surprise that Begiristain returned to La Liga nor was it that surprising that Pellegrini was his chosen candidate.
The club now aim to install a possession based, attacking game across the board. Each level of the club will follow the same model. The ultimate goal is to be both successful and to complement the first team with players developed by the club. Manual Pellegrini has been tasked with the early stages of construction. He is highly unlikely to be around once construction is complete but the stage from initial project inception to laying the foundations correctly can often be the most difficult aspect.
A graduate of the University of Santiago in Civil Engineering, the Chilean began his coaching career in his homeland in 1988 with spells in Ecuador and Argentina following before Villarreal came calling in 2004. Pellegrini won his first and only piece of silverware in European football during his debut season with the successful defence of the Intertoto Cup. The yellow submarine also finished 3rd in the league and progressed to the quarter finals of the UEFA Cup.
Manuel Pellegrini
The following season would witness Villarreal reaching the semi final of the Champions League. Riquelme’s missed penalty late in the second leg enabled Arsenal to progress to the final via a 1-0 aggregate win. This remains the furthest stage a team debuting in the competition has reached.
Domestically, the high point for the Chilean arrived in 2007/08 when Villarreal finished second to Real Madrid in La Liga. Villarreal remain the last side to split the big two in Spain , an accomplishment which should not be degraded. In a country where finishing third will earn you less TV income than a side being relegated from the Premiership, the financial disparity between the big two and the remainder should not be underestimated. The gap was bridged and that too by the production of stylish football.
Yet this relative “success” was built upon the back of President Roig’s generosity. When things went bad, Pellegrini – who had overseen the good times – had long since abandoned ship. Right?
Roig’s business began encountering financial problems at the onset of the recession, with the housing crash in Spain causing particular problems. This forced Villarreal to begin following a new financial model. Pellegrini had long since gone by the time of their relegation. As for the spending, Pellegrini’s net spend at Villarreal was just £11million.
At Malaga , he arrived to oversee a new project being built upon Middle Eastern riches. Except the money tap was quickly switched off and Malaga endured a series of financial problems which required the offloading of numerous players whilst others waited for wages. The Engineer repaired the team to ensure progression to the quarter finals of the Champions League (the second furthest stage a team debuting in the competition has reached) and a 6th placed league finish. Pellegrini’s net spend at Malaga was just £16million. When the left back Monreal was sold to Arsenal in the winter transfer window and with the alternative left back Eliseu injured, the club acquired Antunes on loan from Pacos in Portugal . A new component for the team who fitted in seamlessly. It’s not about the money he has to spend. It’s about the qualities of the players both on and off the pitch.
“We wanted players with sufficient maturity, with human qualities as well as footballing ones that can help”
Pellegrini Tactically
“To be attacking, to try to tale control of the game, to take responsibility, to be attractive. There are small differences of course, depending on what players you have, but there is a footballing concept and a concept of spectacle that is non-negotiable”
Pellegrini has used a variety of tactical set ups during his time at Villarreal, Madrid and Malaga, ranging from 4-3-1-2 to 4-4-2 to 4-2-3-1. But it has been with his 4-4-2 at both Villarreal and Malaga that his sides have often produced the best football. That may sound unusual given how we are constantly told the 4-4-2 is an entirely reactive formation, not to say an almost redundant formation at the top level, yet Pellegrini has it operating in the latter stages of the Champions League. How?
At Villarreal he moved from a 4-3-1-2 capable of utilising the skills of a classic South American style playmaker such as Riquelme and latterly Matias Fernandez to a 4-4-2 using interiores. His final season at Villarreal primarily used the 4-4-2 as shown below:-
Villarreal 4-4-2 Formation
Pellegrini has always used a flat back four. The defensive unit is always well marshalled by a dominant centre half. When an opponent attacks, the defensive line, which is normally high, will drop off to the edge of the penalty area before holding firm. The offside trap is used to good effect. At Villarreal the central defensive pairing of Godin and Gonzalo were physically robust and the full backs of Javi Venta and Capdevila able to move up and down the wings.
The two defensive midfield players stay deep to offer protection and to pull wide should the opposition attack behind either full back. This provides security but is not entirely defensive. The players must also be able to build and construct play. At Villarreal, Marcos Senna was tasked with this role.
The two wide midfield players cut in centrally to form a block of four in the centre of the pitch with the full backs advancing to provide the width. They move into the interior, hence the name “interiores”. Crucially, the two wide players must return to position for defensive duties. The two forward players meanwhile are capable of pulling wide, creating space centrally which can be attacked. Pellegrini was able to use the mobility of either Giuseppe Rossi or Nihat alongside the presence of a more powerful, physical striker such as Joseba Llorente.
The key point throughout is the availability of passing triangles. From the graphic above, when players move, you can clearly see how passing channels are open via movement. A player always has passing options available to him and the side swamp the opponent in central midfield. In such a tightly congested area, the side with the greater technical proficiency will domainate as they find team mates with short, sharp passes. This will be a Pellegrini side. The positions are not fixed either. The right interiore will move across if play is stationed wide on the left (and vice versa). The team is compact and the opponent is squeezed.
A similar philosophy developed at Malaga although the formation began to shift. In defence, the commanding presence of Demichellis took control alongside Weligton. Both full backs were comfortable moving up the pitch but this is where the dynamic began to alter. The defensive unit was sound but in the attacking third there was a great deal of fluidity offered:-
Malaga 4-4-2 Formation
Eliseu on the left of midfield is a converted left back and operated more like a wing back, shuttling up and down. On the right, Isco would drive in centrally allowing the full back to overlap. Together, they would combine with Joaquin who was the striker but was beginning in a deeper position.
Pellegrini is not a coach who will instruct his side to press high and chase and harass an opponent. The Villarreal side had a South American feel to it with the tempo which they played the game and the individual components of the side. The side don’t rush to attack. It is structured, cautious, with the team moving as a coherent unit. His sides can defend resolutely as the performances in Europe of both Villarreal and Malaga demonstrated when a reactive approach was favoured allowing opponents to take the initiative.
If that’s how he operated previously, how he will operate at City remains to be seen, particularly when it appears he has been charged with implementing a 4-3-3.
With his ability to utilise the creative talents of a playmaker, David Silva could find himself in a central role in the season ahead. Silva is not the quickest player in physical terms but that will not dissuade Pellegrini from constructing the side around his creative talents if necessary.
Using full backs for width is something which City have done to date. It’s also something that has become something of an Achilles heel for them with teams exploiting the space on transitions particularly given Barry’s immobility and reluctance to be pulled wide to cover. This is an area which must be tackled. Using two defensive midfield players will assist this but possibly not Yaya Toure. Indeed, how the Ivorian fits into the system will be a crucial element. Does he have the discipline to operate in a purely defensive fashion? Does that suit his talent best?
The defence should be straightforward with Kompany the ideal individual to use as the central starting block. Alongside him may be Nastasic with Zabaleta and Clichy as full backs. In midfield, the three could be Fernandinho, Toure and Silva. City continue to be linked with Isco from Malaga and it’s not inconceivable to field an attacking trio of Isco, Silva and Navas behind Aguero as the central striker.
Such a set up would provide an asymetrical formation with width on the right against narrow approach on the left and it would also need to combat the lack of defensive cover that Navas offers. Whatever formation is utilised, expect City to be more resolute defensively and more fluid in the attacking third. There will be a clear template to use when defending and flexibility when attacking.
Questions will remain over the long term futures of the likes of Milner, Barry, Sinclair, Rodwell, Tevez and Dzeko. An already small English core may be depleted further. Actually, it is a real possiblity that the only Englishman that City will field on a regular basis next season will be Joe Hart in goal. Such a scenario is not City’ s problem in the short term at least, but it again raises questions over the technical and tactical profiency of English players.
“No one ever asked me anything about how to create a team capable of playing the kind of football I wanted to play”
The manner in which Mancini departed to be replaced by Pellegrini would be very familiar to the Chilean. A little too familiar perhaps. Similar circumstances prevailed back in 2010 when Pellegrini departed Real Madrid after just one season to be replaced by Jose Mourinho.
Pellegrini spent one season at Madrid when he spent a small fortune and achieved the princely sum of zero. Or so the story goes. Scratch a little deeper than your average tabloid journalist and you’ll find the real story.
When Pellegrini arrived at Madrid , over £200m was already spent and in some respects he was already living on borrowed time. He had no say in the players that were acquired by the club. What he did have a say in was the players he would like to retain and build his side around. Players such as Arjen Robben and Welsey Sneijder. Two players who were subsequently sold within days of Pellegrini arriving against his will.
It was clear for Pelleginri where the problems lay:-
“I can’t get anything out of an orchestra if I have the 10 best guitarists but I don’t have a pianist or a drummer”
The squad was unbalanced for the tasks ahead yet his viewpoint was ignored.
And for those who would argue if he had won trophies, he would not have been dismissed, consider exhibit A; Vicente del Bosque. Sacked after delivering two La Liga titles and two Champions Leagues in just three seasons. Pellegrini was the choice of the former Sporting Director, Jorge Valdano, a man who has clear identity when it comes to football. According to Valdano, Pellegrini was a “protagonist; he seeks to dominate possession and always attack”. Perez simply wanted a manager who would win and Pellegrini was not a “winner” but nor was Perez either. He had overseen the collection of zero trophies during his reign as President. Pellegrini was not Perez choice and favoured some players acquired by the previous President. It really was that petty at times.
Madrid spent £258 million prior to Pellegrini arriving with President Perez noting “We have to do in one year what we would normally do in three“, an idea that is at odds with the philosophy of the then incumbent in the managerial hot seat. Despite noting that he had begun laying the foundation for success which included dealing with the heavyweights in the dressing room in the shape of Guti and Raul, the Chilean was axed.
Pellegrini may only have managed Real Madrid for 48 games but he had a win percentage of 75%, which is 3% higher than a certain Chelsea manager.
“I’d like to congratulate Real Madrid , fantastic opponents and without whom we would never have reached 99 points. Pellegrini and his players have dignified our professions”
The words of Guardiola after his Barcelona side claimed the La Liga title on the final day of the season over their arch rivals. Sentiments which were not shared by those inside the Madrid boardroom.
The Engineer Who Constructs
“To be able to build up a club, this is as important as going to an institution where you will be able to win things”
When you hear Pellegrini speak, the same themes appear consistently. The need to build, to construct a long term solution and to play aesthetically, but ultimately successful, football in the process. This is not necessarily all out attacking football. It’s considered, it’s patient but it is football with a clear personality.
Upon taking control of Malaga , he noted:-
“I’m not interested in external ego but internal satisfaction. I’m not interested just in easy glory but in constructing something….together we are trying to build a project that is not just short term”
And that really encapsulates his overarching footballing philosophy. Why buy to acquire success if it’s short lived or unsustainable? The creation of a lengthy period of dominance fuelled by both acquisitions and the promotion of youth players from within the club must be the ideal goal. This is what the neighbours from across the city achieved under Ferguson . Players from within being promoted to the first team and supplementing quality acquisitions and it led, after a slow start, to a period of dominance which is arguably unparalleled in the English game.
Pellegrini seeks to bring footballers with human qualities to his sides and he too displays the very same qualities he desires in others. Urbane, likeable and fairly laidback, he won’t make great copy for journalists at press conferences as he acts with a professionalism and dignity that doesn’t make headlines. The manner in which he handled the constant sniping and undermining at Real Madrid is testimony to his character, as is the manner in which he has refused to be drawn in ever since whenever his Malaga side has faced los blancos.
And now, as he heads for Manchester , Pellegrini retains the same desire to continue building, acknowledging the need for a solution both on and off the pitch. The manner in which some sections of the media questioned City for claiming the need for a “holistic” solution when terminating Mancini’s contract will start to look more questionable by the day. The club have a manager who shares the ideals being espoused at boardroom level.
Upon his appointment, he noted:-
“The club has a clear vision for success both on and off the pitch and I am committed to making a significant contribution.”
Departures All Round?
It’s been plain to see where the problems lie in the Manchester City side over the past few seasons. Mancini favoured a very central approach with both wide attacking players operating as inverted wingers. This relied upon the full backs to provide width. The acquisition of Jesus Navas from Sevilla represents a departure from this viewpoint and provides a much needed tactical variation in the side’s attacking play.
And just as there have been critics of Pellegrini, there are those who are rushing to criticise Navas. Let’s be clear, the player does have his flaws. He didn’t score a single goal for Sevilla last season and his shooting has always been very poor. But that’s not why you acquire someone like Navas. You acquire him for his blistering pace and very direct nature. His repeated desire to attack the opposition full back on the outside is why you buy him. To stretch opponents defences. His presence on the touchline forces the full back out and creates gaps in a back four. The sort of gaps that a player such as David Silva can exploit.
Jesus Navas
Yet, just as Navas marks a departure for Man City and the players they have acquired, it also represents a change for Pellegrini who has rarely used wingers until he arrived at Malaga and found Joaquin. Once the golden boy of Spanish football, its fair comment to state that Joaquin never reached the heights he should have. Yet under Pellegrini in Andalusia , the winger has been reinvented as a central striker who can pull wide. And Joaquin now plays with the same smile and level of infectiousness last seen during his early days at Real Betis.
Joaquin began to operate as the second striker, cutting in from the right with a slightly deeper starting position (as shown on the diagram above) and able to drive at opponents. Freed from the shackles of defensive responsibility that comes with being a right winger, Joaquin prospered. Yet he cites Pellegrini for his both his tactical and non tactical work:-
“Everyone knows Pellegrini’s philosophy and his history but he’s a guy who gives you so much confidence, who acts with so much humility that, somehow, he always gets the best out of every player: he is the central piece in this jigsaw”
How Pellegrini uses a player such as Navas will be pivotal if City is to confront their problems from last season and present opponents with new questions.
Season 2013/14 Engineering City
Of course, none of this means Pellegrini will storm the Premiership and help City regain the title from Man Utd. His appointment simply means that the hierarchy have employed an individual who shares their visions and ideals. Progress may not be immediately obvious nor will it be solely assessed by results. Clearly, a disastrous season would have repercussions, but a trophyless season may not. Projects as ambitious as this take time.
The club have begun with the acquisitions of Navas and the Brazilian midfielder, Fernandinho. Although Begiristain will be overseeing transfer dealings, Pellegrini will have an input there too as the club build a squad capable of playing the 4-3-3 formation that they have chosen as their default.
The plans have been drawn up and the various appointments have been made. It’s time for the Engineer to start building.
Filed under In Depth Tagged with David Silva, Jesus Navas, Malaga, Manchester City, Pellegrini, Perez, Real Madrid, Villarreal
Spain vs Uruguay – Business As Usual
Spain began their quest to win a fourth major international a tournament in a row with quite possibly the most emphatic 2-1 victory you will ever witness. They have now played 26 competitive games without defeat since their shock defeat to Switzerland in their opening game of the 2010 World Cup.
How good were Spain?
Sections of the Spanish media are proclaiming the first half performance as their best yet under the guidance of del Bosque. And yes, whilst Spain were very good, the poverty of the display by the Uruguayans must form part of the equation. Spain dominated this game in its entirety from start to finish with first half goals from Pedro, via a hefty deflection off Lugano, and Soldado really failing to capture the supremacy of La Roja. A late free kick from Suarez placed a rather favorable slant on the scoreline for Uruguay but this was really yet another night when Andres Iniesta stood head and shoulders above anyone else on the pitch.
From such a one-sided game, there were three interesting features worth further exploration; the Spanish set up, Uruguay’s ineffectiveness and the substitutions that occurred.
With no Xabi Alonso due to injury, del Bosque named what was otherwise, arguably his strongest line up right now. The absence of Alonso forced del Bosque into a change with the removal of the doble pivote that has served Spain so well in major competitions. Busquets was now positioned alone at the base of midfield.
Spain vs Uruguay Starting Line Ups
For Tabarez, his side lined up in a 4-4-2. Cavani supported Suzrez with Forlan on the bench.
On paper, the Spanish were playing their obligatory 4-3-3 formation but in reality the system was far more fluid than that and also, far more asymmetrical. The system fluctuated from a 4-4-2 with a diamond in midfield to a 3-4-3 with Arbeloa and Alba operating as wing backs. The defensive unit took care of itself with Alba always happier to push forward more often and higher than Arbeloa on the right.
With no Alonso, there was the possibility of Busquets getting isolated by Uruguay. To compensate for this, both Xavi and Iniesta played closer together. Iniesta played far more centrally than he normally does for Spain vacating the left wing berth and allowing Alba to move up and down here. The benefit of playing Iniesta in his natural position close to the centre enables him to share the burden of creativity with Xavi. Spain become harder to stop with two outlets.
Fabregas completed the diamond in midfield and operated behind Soldado as the most advanced midfielder and his movement caused problems for a very linear opponent to deal with.
Soldado remained the central reference point in attack with Pedro on the right but the winger was swift to move infield and link with team mates whilst providing space for Arbeloa to overlap. There remain questions over the suitability of Arbeloa. Too conservative going forward, opponents can provide him with space given his limited contribution in the final third but this reluctance to advance provides greater balance defensively. Could Spain really afford to have two full backs who attack relentlessly?
The inability to add to their lead must play on del Bosque’s mind however. This game should have been finished by half time instead the late strike by Suarez led to a few brief nervous moments.
Uruguay Insipid
Since their performances at the 2010 World Cup followed by the claiming of a record 15th Copa America title, it’s been something of a downward spiral for Uruguay. They find themselves mired in the middle of the pack in the current South American qualifying campaign for Brazil next year. An aging side has continued to grow old with slow gradual evolution favoured in place of the quicker, more disruptive revolution. The reason possibly being that there is nobody ready to step forward and benefit from such a revolution. The Olympic campaign was vastly underwhelming and has not identified the prospects to replace the old guard. Tabarez remains faithful to the bulk of the players who delivered the success but the momentum of the Copa triumph is waning. The recent 1-0 win over Venezuela in qualification halted a run of six qualifying games without a win which included four defeats.
Taking that into consideration, Uruguay may have been expected to enter last night’s encounter buoyed by the recent success. Instead what we witnessed was a strange, at times baffling, display from a side who appeared to be following a template to combat Spain that was identified around 3 years ago. An approach which Spain have identified and resolved.
Uruguay initially sat off Spain with pressure being applied at the halfway line but this strategy quickly gave way to la celeste dropping off even further and simply employing a low block using a 4-4-2 with Cavani and Suarez left up front. The side failed to retain possession though, badly panicking when recovering the ball and being placed under pressure by Spain. This led to the situation of being camped deep within their own half, unable to escape.
When Uruguay did break forward, the plan seemed to be for Suarez and Cavani to run into space in the channels, pulling the Spanish pairing of Ramos and Pique wide but it never materialised. Nor did any attempt to expose Busquets operating alone.
There was no intensity to Uruguay’s play, no hunger or desire. It was as if the players did not want to be there.
The low block still failed to adequately deal with the movement of Fabregas who found space between the lines to provide the assist for Soldado. Quite frankly Uruguay looked disorgansied at times which can be rarely said of a Tabarez side.
The use of Gaston Ramirez, bursting forward to support Suarez from a central position clearly failed in the first half with the Spanish swarming over their opponents centrally. He was replaced at half time by Gonzalez.
Around the middle of the second half, Tabarez made two substitutions within a short space of time which were very surprising given how the game had played out until this point. The coach opted to withdraw both his central defensive midfielders in Gargano and Perez to be replaced by the Lodeiro, to operate as a deep lying playmaker, and Forlan. This created the possibility of being cut open by Spain but with the tempo dropping considerably, no further damage was inflicted by La Roja although it was noticeable that with the game stretched and open, Spain don’t enjoy the same level of control.
With 13 minutes remaining, Javi Martinez replaced Xavi. The options for del Bosque was to return to the doble pivote and see the game out at 2-0 or continue with one defensive midfield and push one of the players into a higher role than they would normally enjoy at club level. There has been conjecture over the possibility of Busquets operating higher, demonstrating his first time vertical passing to open up opponents defences. In this event, Busquets remained in position and Martinez went further up field. Perhaps indicating that del Bosque values the defensive contribution of the Barcelona player above all else.
With hindsight, Spain should have returned to the doble pivote. The game ended with the sides stretched and this served Uruguay far better than Spain who lacked that element of control centrally which they so desire in games
Widening Gap
Two years ago this game would have been considered a serious fight between two heavyweights at the top of their profession. Since then, Spain have maintained their level whilst Uruguay have dropped off. The gap in quality between the two is now more pronounced. What promised much had the feeling of a glorified pre-season friendly as it wore on. Was Uruguay more concerned about retaining their strength for the game against Nigeria? Had they already conceded defeat before they even went on the pitch? Their meek surrender certainly lends weight to this line of thought.
Uruguay were lucky to escape with such a tight scoreline as Tabarez confessed in the press conference afterward
“Taking into account the development of the game, it could have been a catastrophic result”
Tabarez has admitted the game against Nigeria is of greater consequence to his side stating that it is “the most important of all” but even allowing for that, the manner of the capitulation last night must hurt.
Del Bosque conceded that the Spanish grew tired as the game progressed with the high levels of humidity. And if you consider gaps, how do you measure that which exists between Spain and the minnows of Tahiti? Del Bosque is expected to make wholesale changes for a game in which double figures for Spain seems inevitable.
The ability to rest players against Tahiti and possibly again against Nigeria as qualification will have been assured must be very appealing to the coach. It ensures all the squad can participate in the tournament giving fringe players some valuable game time while the key players rest.
It’s just one game and it’s only the start of the tournament but the question already has to be asked of who can stop Spain. It simply looks like business as usual.
Filed under Tactics Tagged with del Bosque, Spain, Tabarez, Uruguay
That Was The Season, That Was.
And then the season was over.
A football season that commenced in late August and concluded in early June. Vilanova won the title in his debut season as coach, a season punctuated by treatment for his cancer and despite Barcelona often not playing as fluently as they may like. Madrid continued to have the upper hand over Barcelona in clasico’s but seem to have forgotten how to approach games against more defensive teams. So Barcelona and Madrid finish in the top two. Same old, same old.
The real story in Spain, as ever, lay elsewhere. The battle for the European spots and the struggle to avoid relegation.
La Real enjoyed a superb second half of the season suffering just two defeats in the league to return to Champions League football for the first time in 10 seasons. Even a momentary lapse in form as the season concluded could not prevent them from pipping a Valencia side who were slumped in mid-table when Valverde replaced Pellegrino in December. Boardroom instability and financial problems reign supreme at the Mestalla once more. At least with the appointment of Djukic as Coach, Los Che have the chance to rebuild provided he is supported adequately.
When the Champions League campaign ended in controversial circumstances, the glue which Pellegrini had used to bind Malaga together began to peel away and the Andalusian’s form shaded. With an exodus likely and European football increasingly unlikely due to a UEFA penalty for financial irregularities, the side simply ran out of gas. Holding off Betis to finish in 6th place all things considered is still an achievement.
The entertaining Real Betis return to the European arena with Pepe Mel, so close to being sacked last year, still guiding them. How the squad copes over the close season will be crucial. Will Joel Campbell remain on loan? Will Benat stay at the club?
Subject to Rayo being excluded from European competition, again over financial irregularities (although given what Paco Jemez has achieved on a miniscule budget and the manner in which he has achieved it, exclusion is so harsh but could actually be a blessing) Sevilla take the final Europa League spot as Del Nido states that at least 30% of the first team should comprise cantera products in the future.
As some sides appear to be making tentative steps towards resolving financial problems, another three are plunged back into financial crisis.
Depor started the final day of the campaign in 17th position and with their fate i their own hands yet succumbed to a second relegation in three season as their Galician neighbors Celta, managed to avoid the drop under the gaze of coach Abel Resino who has since departed to be replaced by Luis Enrique.
Manolo Jimenez could not perform the same heroics he had done just last year and Real Zaragoza went down following a dreadful run of form in 2013 with two wins, six draws and 12 defeats sucking the Aragonese side down into la Segunda. Where they will be joined by Mallorca. It all seemed so far away for the Islanders when they briefly led the division before Caparros paid for the rapid decline with his job. Manzano could not stop the rot sufficiently either.
How all three cope off the pitch will be just as important as how they cope on it in over the next 12 months.
And so to the team of the season.
It’s important to note that my team of the season contains no Barcelona or Real Madrid players although given how some performed this season, maybe I should have allowed their selection purely to then not select them based upon their performances.
Instead, my team comprises players from others sides. This is, of course, an entirely subjective assessment. There will be some you agree with and some selections which you completely oppose. It’s players who have performed well within their team and who I enjoy watching. I also attempted to find players who would fit the preferred system. Therefore, with inverted wingers, I needed string overlapping full backs. The side will line up in the ubiquitous 4-2-3-1.
Courtois (Atleti)
It’s really a straight choice between Willy from Malaga and Courtois from Atleti with the Belgian getting the nod. Whereas Willy performed heroics at times, with Courtois you sense he is always capable of such feats. A dominant presence in goal for Atleti despite his young age. Atleti’s loss will be Chelsea’s gain in the longer term although in terms of his development, he is ready for first team action in London right now.
Carlos Marinez (Real Sociedad)
A position where a player from the big two would have secured a starting berth via Dani Alves. This should not detract from the campaign that Martinez has enjoyed. Its demanding being a full back for La Real. You must provide the defensive solidity that Montanier required to use as a platform but equally, you must contribute to the attack with overlapping runs beyond an inverted winger, normally Vela. Martinez did both and not only that, he often excelled at both.
Filipe Luis (Atleti)
Whilst Martinez’s team mate de la Bella had a great season, it was probably eclipsed by Luis Filipe from Atleti. Again, Atleti employ a system that requires the full backs to provide the width and Filipe is more than capable of providing such width. Not as attacking as the likes of Jordi Alba but substantially better defensively.
Demichellis (Malaga)
A defender who many will have thought had seen his best years. Never the quickest, his lack of pace could have been an issue instead his experience at the heart of the Malaga defence was one reason why the Andalusian’s gained such good results during the season. His ability to marshall the defence that maintained a disciplined, organsied offside line covered his main deficiency.
Inigo Martinez (Real Sociedad)
Currently starring for the U21’s in the European Championships in Israel, it seems only a matter of time before Martinez is plying his trade elsewhere. Another product of the La Real cantera, Martinez is composed on the ball but can also mix things up when needed. An excellent combination of skills to possess and the reason why he is so highly valued.
Javi Fuego (Rayo Vallecano)
Javi who? Javi Fuego. Paying for Madrid’s 3rd or 4th team depending upon how you classify Getafe, Javi Fuego has gone under the radar of many now for some time but has just secured a well deserved transfer to Valencia. Occupying a deep midfield position, Fuego is a robust, combative figure unafraid to commit to the tackle. Yet that sells his game short. With a high interceptions rate showcasing his reading of the game, he is also a vital component for recycling the ball for a Rayo team that played neat, attractive football.
Illarramendi (Real Sociedad)
Partnering Javi Fuego is Illarramendi from La Real. Like his team mate Inigo Martinez, Illarra is displaying his skills in Israel right now. String in the tackle, mobile, aggressive but capable of fine passing, he has been compared to Xabi Alonso who came through the La Real cantera too. Illarra offers greater defensive cover but lacks the same range of passing that Alonso possesses. Again, like his team mate Martinez, Illarra combines a range of desirable qualities and is possibly a more unique player in the Spanish game for that combination.
Jonas (Valencia)
The selection of Jonas ahead of the likes of Griezmann on the left may raise some eyebrows but the Brazilian had the unnerving habit of popping up in central areas with crucial goals for Valencia as the side made a surge for the final Champions League spot. His 13 goals and three assists helped maintain Valencia’s challenge through to the end of the season. What is key is his willingness to move centrally and support both the attacking midfielder and the striker.
Banega (Valencia)
There are a plethora of players who could be utilsied in this position. The likes of Isco, Verdu, Xabi Prieto and even Leo Baptistao have all enjoyed fine seasons. My own selection goes to a player who has not always displayed the correct attitude towards his career or his club but who, when on form, is capable of producing moments of real quality. Step forward, Ever Banega, a man who helped drag Valencia forward when it looked as if they would remain in mid table. Freed from a deeper position, the advanced placement which Valverde offered him together with team mates ready to link, provided the key pass. The Argentinean weighed in with four goals and four assists from his 29 appearances
Vela (Real Sociedad)
Real Sociedad’s top goalscorer despite operating for much of the season as an inverted right winger. The position enable the Mexican to drift inward, often into space, and onto his favoured left foot. Vela had 14 goals and 9 assists for La Real and his versatility enables him to play across the front line including operating as the central striker, even during games too. He was most damaging though when moving at pace down the right.
Falcao (Atleti)
In his final season for Atleti prior to his move to AS Monaco, el tigre once again proved why he is one of the most feared strikers in the game. Scoring 28 goals in 34 appearances, other facets of Falcao’s play are sometimes overlooked. He has become much more rounded at Atleti and links with teams mates far better often moving wide to find space before moving centrally into the area. The assist he provided in the Copa del Rey Final for Diego Costa an exampled of this growing awareness in his game. He is becoming the complete striker.
Roll on season 2013/14.
Filed under Opinion Tagged with Banega, Carlos Martinez, Courtois, Demichelis, Falcao, Filipe Luis, Illarramendi, Inigo Martinez, Javi Fuego, Jonas, Vela
Deportivo – Down and Out in La Coruna.
And so, as is customary in Spain, the final day of the season saw countless permutations existing for the three relegation positions with any of the bottom four teams capable of retaining their top flight status or taking the drop to La Segunda.
There were 81 different combinations of results possible to determine who was relegated and who secured the coveted fourth bottom spot. The balance of probability was tipped in Deportivo’s favour with a 55.6% chance of survival, while Celta had a 22.2% chance, Zaragoza 17.3%, and Mallorca had just 4.9%. All four sides were at home but only Depor would meet an opponent with something still to play for in the shape of Real Sociedad.
Depor began the day safe. Their fate was entirely in their own hands. Win and they were safe no matter what else happened. The turnaround in fortunes since coach Fernando Vasquez took over after the short and somewhat ill fated reign of Pacienda was palpable. On Thursday, the coach had been carried out of the training ground on the shoulders of many, recognition for what had been achieved, the great escape remained possible.
They just had to beat Real Sociedad to complete the journey to safety.
Neither side had any key player missing through either suspension or injury for this game.
For the final game of the season, Fernando Vasquez went with arguably his strongest line up in their usual 4-2-3-1 with Valeron tasked with providing the creativity from a central attacking midfield position.
Deportivo vs Real Sociedad Starting Line Ups
Similarly, Montanier in his final game with the San Sebastian side named his strongest line up with the potent front four of Agirrexte, Vela, Griezmann and Prieto in place for this crucial encounter.
Deportivo Fail to Create
This was a game that both sides needed to win yet Deportivo just never developed any sense of impetus or drive. After a brief flurry ain the opening period, the game settled and Depor lacked guile and creativity.
The player influence map is shown below:
Depor vs Real Player Influence
Everything was clogged into the centre of the pitch when Depor had possession, only the full backs from both sides enjoyed any real space. Surprisingly, the veteran Manual Pablo produced a rousing performance which belied both his age and his general lack of pace.
The problem for Depor was the movement of the Sociedad front four. Both Griezmann and Vela come in off the flanks particularly the Frenchman. The full backs may be free then but the central area is overloaded. Their pace and running caused Depor all sorts of problems early on and the home side never really recovered from the damage, both psychological and renewal, that was inflicted.
The contrast in how both teams entered the final third of the pitch was stark. Whereas Deportivo continued to build from the back and try to construct attacks moving up the pitch as a unit, Sociedad were happy for the back six to absorb pressure and then let their four main creative outlets strike on transitions.
The graphic below shows the final third passes of both sides:-
Depor vs Real Final Third Passes
As they have done for much of the season, Sociedad were happy to build play when the opportunity required it but were equally content to go direct if that option existed too. With Deportivo frequently lacking defensive midfield cover, this was always an option for the away side to exploit.
The only goal of the game came after a long ball down the Sociedad left. Once Manuel Pablo had slipped, Depor were in trouble and although Agirretxe’s shot was pushed wide, Griezmann arrived unmarked from the right flank, despite being positioned on the left, to score. Silvio was too close to his centre backs.
Deportivo has plenty possession as they moved forward but were unable to translate that possession into the creation of clear cut chances. When they entered into the Sociedad half of the pitch, their ideas ran out and they found themsleves under pressure as their opponents pressed them. Poor play and sloppy passing enable the away side to counter swiftly.
Depor were failing to create at one end whilst aiding their opponents at the other.
No Happy Ending
Juan Carlos Valeron announced his retirement after the game:-
“My cycle in la Coruna is finished. I’m saddened by the situation, but its a decision taken weeks ago”
At the age of 37 years old, Valeron still possesses the guile and creativity allied to the eye for a pass that he always enjoyed. He still glides around the pitch effortlessly but age has wearied him and although never blessed with great pace, the increased physicality of the game has squeezed him.
He still provided numerous highlights in his swansong season for Depor such as the deft chipped pass to Riki for the opening goal in the final Galician derby of the season. A game that reignited the sense of belief in Depor.
Here, against Sociedad, Valeron was too deep to influence play effectively and then, when he did have the ball, Depor were too slow to commit men into the penalty area. The graphic below shows his passes during the game:-
Valeron Passes
His deeper positioined allied to the inability of players to get into the penalty area rendered Depor ineffective in attack. Indeed, the home side’s best opportunities arose after Monatanier withdrew Vela for Zurutuza. The more defensive substitution allowed Deopr to take the intiative as Sociedad retreated somewhat towards a much deeper block allowing Depor to advance. Some half chances were created by Bravo was never seriously tested, his biggest difficulty being his own nerves for a brief spell.
Ineffective Attack and Effective Defence
As outlined, Depor did not struggle for possession in this game with 60% but they could not convert that possession into goals or even clear chances. Part of the problem must reside with their reluctance to commit men forward for fear of being caught out on quick transitions from Sociedad as evidenced by the opening goal and a handful of other chances in the first half that really should have seen the away side clear by half time.
Depor attempted an incredible 42 crossed into the SDociedad penalty arae but theese were often poorly delivered or there were no players in attacking position to take advantage:-
Depor vs Real Crosses
And yet Sociedad were relatively content to allow Depor to come forward, confident that their back 6 unit would be able to repel attacks and make the necessary clearances which they comfortably did for much of the game only really toiling for that brief spell when Montanier inexplicably handed the initiative to Depor:-
Depor vs Real Clearances
A pattern of play developed whereby a cross was delivered into the box, cleared and loose possession collected by a Depor player who would attempt another cross etc etc. Everything was happening in front of the Sociedad defence. By striking first, Sociedad were in the perfect position to utilise their skill set, defend, absorb pressure and strike on counters.
Return to La Segunda
Depor return to the lower tier after just one season back in the top flight. The sad truth is they were simply not good enough to sustain themselevs no matter how much they fought. Their final seven leagues witnessed a return of just six points.
Their Galician neighbours Celta Vigo meanwhile, somehow avoid the drop. Despite being without their best player, Iago Aspas, for five weeks due to suspension after he inexplicably headbutted an opponent in the Galician derby, they survive.
Deportivo find themselves saddled with a debt estimated at €156m. Despite the advert of parachute payments, the drop will herald a new era for the club once called Super Depor. A side built upon youth team members will emerge with the likes of Valeron retiring whilst others depart for pastures new.
Return to the Champions League
The final word must go to Real Sociedad and the job Montanier has delivered. Following a comfortable if underwhelming mid table finish last season, the side have grown this season expressing their personality. With just two defeats in their final 21 league games, Sociedad deserve the final Champions League position.
And after a 10 year absence, Real Sociedad have the opportunity to return to the Champions League should they successfully qualify through the final preliminary round. They will do so with a new coach at the helm but if the squad remains intact and can be strengthened a little, they should be able to cope with the demands that European football will place on them.
Filed under Tactics Tagged with Deportivo, Real Sociedad, Valeron
@KezaShea @spacebar69 @jamesdoleman Various scenarios... Exaggerated? Governments around the world are collaborat… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 hour ago
@gregthewellfan Helps breed confidence. Gives players more possession and recovery time. Arguably psychological e… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 3 hours ago
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There is always questions ahead of kick off each season. It’s not about who qualifies for European football. It’s not about which sides get relegated. There is only one issue in Spain. The perennial question that crops up every August revolves around which of the big two will win La Liga? Madrid have behaved like Madrid during pre-season and signed more stellar names whereas Barcelona have underwent something of a mini revolution with a host of new signings under the tutelage of new manager, Luis Enrique. So who will win La Liga?
Wait? It’s not a two horse race? It’s a three horse race again this season? :-
The Top Three – Season 13-14
Sure, Atleti may have won the title last season but that was a complete fluke, wasn’t it? They can’t compete again, even Simeone has admitted this:-
“I don’t like to lie to people and one thing is clear: We can’t compete with Madrid or Barcelona. Our rivals are Sevilla, Valencia and Athletic and third is our objective”
Of course last season, Simeone repeatedly told anyone who would listen that Atleti couldn’t win La Liga but they did. They couldn’t do so again, could they?
Atleti – The Cycle Continues.
“Last year was no fluke, it was a consequence of what has been going on at the club”
Can lighting strike twice? Atleti once more start as distant third favourites in the eyes of the bookmakers for the title. Their title.
There have been goodbyes and very good buys at the Calderon during the summer. Courtois, Filipe Luis and Costa moved to Stamford Bridge with the latter pairing gaining substantial income for Atleti that has been wisely reinvested in the team. Did people really think Atleti were ready to rest on their achievements thus far, accept their place?
In Simeone, Atleti possess one of the most highly rated coaches in Europe. And as La Liga champions and a team that were moments away from winning the Champions League, convincing players to stay whilst attracting new players was always going to be much easier than many suggested. Whisper it but Atleti are arguably stronger now than they were last season. Further departures were confirmed in Adrian, David Villa and Guilavogui yet the reinforcements are very impressive.
Oblak, Siquiera, Mandzukic, Griezmann (offering a new dimension to Atleti’s attack), Correa, Jimenez, utility defender Ansaldi from Zenit could be very important and Saul after a year at Rayo and Atleti have greater all round strength than before. And Koke has signed a new contract too. So can they do the unthinkable and defend their title?
Simeone has urged caution and acknowledged that this is a new team with all of the changes that have occurred:-
“We are finishing the group. We have changed, especially in attack. I see it as a new beginning. The solid structure supporting the attack is maintained but we are looking for the style that best suits us. We must have patience.”
The issue is not the quality of the side individually but the ability for Atleti to continue the collective play and intensity of their game that Simeone demands after almost 3 years in control. Is the hunger still there within the players? Can they still give everything for the side week in, week out? Can el Cholo get the new players to integrate quickly and adapt to the high workrate and tempo that he demands? If he can then Atleti can once more mount a serious challenge for the league.
“The structure of the team is not going to change. Stability comes with maintaining the same ideas: intensity and aggressiveness will continue to be the basis,”
Simeone
And the players believe this too. Simeone’s on-field general, Gabi confirms as much:-
“We have a clear idea of how we want to play,”
And that is the key.
For Simeone, this isn’t the end of the cycle:-
“First it was the Europa League, then the European Super Cup, Copa del Rey, third in the League and the following year the League title and the Champions League final. The team and the club have done great work to retain many players and try and continue a great cycle.”
Simone believed last season and many doubted him. Despite his words, he believes again this season. Who doubts Atleti now?
Martino failed didn’t he? After all, a trophyless season at a club like Barcelona is a failure no matter what the contextual narrative is. And the Argentinean has admitted that himself:-
“I’m completely dissatisfied with the year that has passed and I’m always thinking that I’m the man responsible”
Former player Luis Enrique returns to the Camp Nou to take control of a squad with new players but still needing further overhaul work. Short spells at Roma and Celta Vigo have identified the style of Enrique. Similarities with Guardiola exist but also key differences. Expect Barcelona to continue with the attractive style of play but contain a rougher edge to them. “Lucho” won’t expect his side to be bossed or bullied physically on the pitch. It won’t be more of the same but a gradual evolution of style. You don’t abandon your footballing principles die to one poor season. You adapt and you evolve making subtle tactical tweaks. An overhaul is not required. The death of tiki taka has been greatly exaggerated.
With numerous new arrivals but also departures, each area of the team needs work to fit together. Pre season friendlies have seen players from the B team step up and there will be spaces available for those who perform to complement the squad. The real focus has been on the final third with the arrival of Luis Suarez even allowing for his 4 month ban. How does the Uruguayan fit in with Messi and Neymar?
With Xavi likely to play a diminished role, the opportunity will exist for Messi to drop deeper than before and play as a genuine no10 with Suarez as a no9 ahead of him and Neymar on the left. It’s a trio brimming with potential but it also leads to questions. Do Barcelona continue with a 4-3-3 meaning the right side needs a younger version of Dani Alves to operate the full length of the pitch or does the side switch to something more akin to a 4-2-3-1. With Mascherano now back in defensive midfield and Busquets possibly playing a little higher up the pitch, options exist. Barcelona has consistently failed to plan or address what happens in a team without Xavi. That problem can no longer be avoided and will be dealt with one way or another this season. It’s exacerbated with the looming transfer ban. Pending an appeal to CAS, Barcelona may be unable to sign any more players once this window closes until January 2016. Further activity is therefore likely for a squad that isn’t strong enough to survive until January 2016 without further reinforcements. The problem for Barcelona is their recent appalling record in transfer dealings. The likes of Alex Song, not a player Barcelona needed but a player Barcelona could afford, is still to be offloaded. Can Barcelona really make enough acquisitions of the requisite quality?
Surprisingly, Deulofeu has been allowed to leave on loan although the spell with Sevilla could see him ready to return next season and claim a place but the prospect of a permanent departure increases now. With limited options in attack, the likes of Munir now have far greater opportunities to establish themselves as members of the first team squad.
It won’t be permitted but it does feel like a transitional season is beginning for Barcelona albeit one that certainly contains more possibilities for the team than most clubs can even dream about. Xavi has spoken about the harmony in the squad and the need to capture at least one trophy this season.
“We’ve signed very good players both on a football and personal level. The human relationships are the best there have been in recent years”
That could be crucial. Enrique building a close knit squad could see challenges sustained despite the relative lack of depth to the squad. A testing season lies ahead for Lucho.
Real Madrid – A Balancing Act
When the opportunity arises to sign a player of the calibre of Toni Kroos for around £20million, it’s not really a difficult decision to make. And when you’re the President of Real Madrid, you don’t really consider if the club need another elite level player. If one becomes available, you sign him. And in a World Cup year, who else can you sign other than the star player from that World Cup and golden boot winner, James Rodriguez of Columbia. It’s a policy that Florentino Perez adheres too. It’s not his problem how all of these star players integrate into the team. That’s a problem for the Coach to contend with.
A problem that has caused successive coaches of Real Madrid notable problems as Perez has tended to make at least one marquee signing each summer during his tenure as President. Fortunately, in Carlo Ancelotti, Perez now has a Coach in charge of Real Madrid who has repeatedly proven his ability to squeeze a multitude of star names into a starting line up without compromising the team balance as a consequence. Whether Carlo Ancelotti actually wanted Toni Kroos and James Rodriguez is immaterial. He’s got them now and fitting them into the side is his problem. This could be Ancelotti’s most difficult assignment yet.
Where should Rodriguez play? Can Kroos and Modric play against the very top teams with no defensive support? It’s all about balance for Ancelotti this season. With the departures of Khedira and Di Maria seeming likely and in the case of the diminutive Argentinean completely baffling, the base of midfield remains the issue that Ancelotti must focus on. A pairing of Kroos and Modric is very attractive but defensively unstable as witnessed in the UEFA Super Cup against Sevilla.
Could Kroos replace Alonso in the Madrid side? At 32 and with limited mobility, his time on the main stage could be drawing to a conclusion. Last season in La Liga, Alonso averaged 65 passes per game, the most of any Madrid player with Ramos on 61 and Modric on 58. When it comes to interceptions (1.5) and tackles (2.4), Alonso makes more per game of both than any other Madrid midfielder. Unsurprisingly, he also commits more fouls too. A product of his lack of mobility or due to him being swamped with too many team mates pushing on? His defensive contribution is key for Madrid. Alonso played 26 league games for Madrid last season with los blancos taking an average of 2.38 points per game. Without him they took 2.08 points per game.
Could Kroos fulfil this defensive role? Last season Kroos made an average of 75 passes per game but on the defensive side only averaged 0.5 interceptions per game and 1.8 tackles per game. Does that matter? Given Bayern’s complete dominance of the ball, these statistics will be heavily skewed. Simply put, it’s hard to defend when you always have the ball. And it’s hard to analyse the defensive output for Kroos as a consequence. There is still an important role for Alonso but the real beneficiary should be Illarramedi. The Basque must step forward this season and demonstrate why he gained so many plaudits at La Real.
If Di Maria does depart, more is likely to be asked of Bale to operate partly as a shuttling role between midfield and attack. As adaptable as Bale is and given his early career saw him positioned at full back, he will be able to cope. But can he deliver as well as Di Maria? I’m not certain he can make the difference to the same extent as Di Maria does.
Madrid begin the season as clear favourites for the title. Individually, the squad is packed with quality and is arguably the best squad in world football. How that translates onto the pitch collectively will be the dilemma for Ancelotti this season. Get it right and you could see Madrid dominate all the tournaments they enter. Get it wrong and…well, you know how Perez tends to operate.
It’s difficult to look beyond Madrid even with the balancing problems that exist. The depth of talent within the squad is unrivalled and even though seeing Atleti successfully defend their title would be unparalleled in the modern era of European football, I just cannot see it happening. Atleti will have the greatest success in cup competitions once more as normal service is resumed on the domestic front. Barcelona to finish runners up to Madrid. Even if the collective fails, individually they can still win games.
The Battle for Fourth
Away from the title race, the battle for fourth place, assuming that the big three (funny saying that now) secure the top three positions, and final Champions League position could see a genuine contest between five teams. Four of the contenders could be involved in European football this season. Will that have an effect? The graphic below shows the final positions from last season:-
The Race for 4th Place – Season 13-14
Unai Emery likes to make changes. He changes this, he changes that. It’s what he does best along with managing to take one point from games in which his team should take three. He excelled at such a conservative approach at Valencia yet showed brief glimpses of shaking that image off a little at Sevilla as the Andalusians claimed the Europa League. Yet by narrowly missing out on 4th place with a typically cautious performance in a game they needed to win against Athletic Bilbao, Emery showed that streak remains within him.
It’s been another busy close season at the Sanchez Pizjuan for Monchi as he showed signs last season of getting back to his wheeling dealing best. Rakitic and Moreno depart for hefty fees but yet again it’s the players coming in that show real potential for the side. Iago Aspas arrives after a nightmare time at Liverpool to aid the attack but its the capture on loan of Gerard Deulofeu that could be really inspiring if the Barcelona youngster’s words are anything to go by:-
“My departure surprised me a bit, they made me come back from Everton and then later they told me I wouldn’t get minutes. But I don’t want to talk much about Barca, I want to talk about the year I am going to have here. I know that I am lacking some things from a defensive aspect and I will work to improve that. One of my aims is to show Luis Enrique he was wrong and above all show it to myself.”
And then the is arguably the signing of the summer. The sort of transfer that make you double check the fee involved because there had to be a typo in there surely? Ever Banega left Valencia to be reunited with his former manager for a paltry €2.5m. If Banega focuses on the football as he did during Valverde’s brief tenure at the Mestalla, Sevilla have a midfielder capable of dragging the team forward and one that will lessen the blow of losing last season’s talisman, Rakitic.
Emery showed last season that sometimes changes can be good as he juggled the squad on two fronts. If they can beat Athletic, Sevilla will finish 4th.
There is something very reassuring about a side managed by Ernesto Valverde. You immediately know the type of football that you will see. His sides always display the same style and personality and Athletic are no different. The chaos of the Bielsa era was pushed aside as Valverde guided the Basques to 4th place last season and Champions League qualification. Subject to their game against Napoli, the possiblity of Champions League involvement or at the very least, Europa League football to contend with, it’s a season that will stretch the Athletic squad fully.
Borja Viguero arrives to strengthen the attack with Kike Sola recovering from injury but alongside Aduritz there is still a question mark over who will score the goals. None of the three are prolific. As usual there will be a reliance upon the midfield and the team in general to supplement the forwards and weigh in with a few goals.
Ander Herrara has departed but Benat should take his place in the side and hopefully rediscover Betis form. With a limited talent pool upon which to draw, Athletic are reliant upon their cantera for new talent. It’s tie for the likes of of Laporte, Moran and Gomez to challenge for first team starting place on a regular basis Beyond that, will Iker Muniain consistently show his true capabilities rather than just fleeting moments?
For the first time since season 2004/05, Valencia begin a season with no European football on the cards. What was perhaps viewed as a disappointment when last season ended, could become a blessing in disguise for the newly appointed inexperienced Portuguese manager Santo, who takes the helm backed by the finance of Peter Lim following his takeover of the club.
The loss of Bernat to Bayern Munich is considerable but the arrival of Mustafi, fresh from his involvement in Germany’s World Cup winning campaign, should offset that loss. Mathieu has also gone as a reshuffled backline will include the Argentinean Otamendi.
Last season, Jonas with a paltry 9 league goals was top scorer in league. It’s simply not good enough for a side with aspirations of qualifying for the Champions League. To remedy this, Rodrigo has joined from Benfica. Yet Valencia have sufficient creativity within their ranks to provide for the striker. Alcacer, Piatti and Parejo are all fine players meaning the loss of Banega should not be felt in the central midfield area.
Just how important free midweeks are will become apparent as the season wears on. With no distractions, Valencia will be able to mount a challenge in the league alone. With a little luck, maybe the club will get through the entire season with the same manager?
Nobody expected Villarreal to perform as well as they did last season. And nobody will expect them to perform to quite the same level again but Marcelinho will need to continute the impressive form of the submarine. Again, another side who wil face the slog of Sunday, Thursday, Sunday football if a prolonged run in the Europa League takes hold and again, Villarreal has a squad that isn’t the strongest in terms of numbers.
Some good signings have arrived with Jonathan Dos Santos joining his brother at El Madrigal along with Rukavina and Cheryshev. Victor Ruiz comes in perhaps as a replacement for the departure of Mussachio. Whilst he has suffered in recent times since leaving Espanyol for Napoli, there is a good defender in Ruiz if Marcelinho can coax his best form again. The front end of the team has suffered with the loss of Perbet, Pereira and Aquino.
The Submarine will draw heavily upon the ability of Bruno, Trigueros, the aging limbs of Cani and the goals of Giovani Dos Santos if they are to replicate last season.
La Real
La Real could be the side to slip a little further down the pecking order this season. Whilst the loss of Bravo and Griezmann have been covered with Rulli and Finnbogason, you have to consider the drop in quality alongside the loss previously of Illarramendi. True, he has been replaced by Granero but the continued loss of such key performers to be replaced by quality but lesser quality as an effect. Arrasate can only do so much and with Xabi Prieto a little older and a little slower, much will depend upon the ability of Pardo. Can he confirm a place in the side and offer something different?
Much will also weigh heavily upon Vela this season. Finnbogason may have scored elsewhere but it’s a step up in quality for him this season. Vela will be the focal point for the attack now.
There’s always the nagging feeling with La Real that they are happy just to be there. That they lack the mentality to take the fight on that little bit further. A further slip down the league beckons for La Real.
And for the rest of La Liga, it’s the usual mix. Teams that will defy the odds and perform well whilst some other teams will go on prolonged runs of poor form and get dragged into the seemingly endless relegation mire that will go the final day of the season as is customary in Spain. And with the usual dozen or so permutations on who could be relegated due to the head to head ruling.
Unsurprisingly, the newly promoted minnows of Eibar and Cordoba are odds on favourites for a swift return to the Segunda. The third side to accompany them upwards into La Liga are also third favourites to return but things could look different up in Galicia this season. Deportivo have the ability to stay in the top flight.
Deportivo – Upsetting the Odds?
Last time around Depor didn’t have any problems creating and scoring goals but their leaky defence conceded 70, only fellow relegated side Real Mallorca conceded more than that. That problem was solved in the Segunda last season with the defence only conceding 36 goals but the trade off was an attack that hit just 48 goals in 42 games. Victor Fernandez favouring a more conservative style of play that gained the necessary points to get promotion. Don’t expect dramatic changes this season either. Grinding out points will be key to survival but more goals are still needed. To remedy this, the usual influx of players on loan have arrived at the Riazor. The revolving door policy doesn’t breed stability but such a term isn’t really understood at the financially stricken club.
One player who has joined permanently on a 12 month contract and who, with the greatest respect to Deportivo, should be playing at a higher level is Isaac Cuenca. If the former Barcelona winger can recapture his early career form before injury stalled his development, Depor will have a genuine creative force to supplement their attack. It won’t be a spectacular season but a finish outside the relegation zone is achievable and will be considered a success whilst confounding the bookies in the process.
The Boys from Vallecas – Rayo
If Atleti and their fans are wondering if lighting can strike twice, the fans of Rayo are pondering the unthinkable. Can it strike for the third time? Can Paco Jemez really lead Rayo Vallecano to safety for the third season in a row?
Sadly, I fear for Rayo this season. This may be just one step too far and the relative late season comfort they have enjoyed in the past two seasons may be missing this season.
“The team is under construction, but we’re slowly settling in.”
Paco Jémez
Construction is the apt word. For every season, Paco Jemez aided by Sportin Director Minambres set about rebuilding the foundations in Vallecas. This season, an astonishing 19 players departed leaving just eight first team players. So far, a further 12 players have joined. As normal, there seems to be an abundance of creativity with the likes of Jonathan Pereira, Aquino, Pozuelo and Kakuta but where will the goals come from? The loss of Larrivey could be significant as his replacement in Manucho doesn’t inspire confidence with just 14 goals in his 57 games for Vallodolid. And further back, the defence needs work. Rayo have conceded 146 goals in two seasons under Jemez in the top flight, a frightening amount.
With such a huge turnaround of players, an adaptation period would take time for any team. When you have a team with one of the smallest budgets in the league attempting to dominate possession and play one of the most expansive style of football in the league, that adaptation period is extended and mistakes will occur. For Rayo, this frequently ends in heavy defeats early in the season. Pressing opponents all over the pitch and playing a very high offside line is not something that comes naturally to all players. Positioning and coordination the team unit takes time.
The ability of players to adapt is essential. If not, Rayo will have serious problems hence the decision to allow new signing Boateng to depart just two months after arrival. The Ghanian unable to adjust to the demands of Jemez. Results may be unfavourable early on just like last season but don’t expect Paco Jemez to change. That won’t happen:-
“I’m not interested in just winning any old way… This is what we wanted. This is the way we are. This is what we are”
If it’s goals and excitement you want this season, Rayo Vallecano are the team for you. And with a little extra support, maybe, just maybe they can escape relegation.
Filed under Opinion Tagged with Ancelotti, Arrasate, Athletic, Atleti, Barcelona, Champions League, Emery, Enrique, La Real, Marcelinho, Real Madrid, Sevilla, Valencia, Valverde, Villarreal
Barcelona vs AC Milan – Answers, answers, answers
Barcelona create history by overturning a 2-0 deficit from the first leg and, in doing so, handed Milan one of their heaviest ever defeats in European competition.
The first leg at the San Siro had witnessed a superb Milan performance epitomised by defensive discipline and control complemented by a willingness to alter their defensive line during the course of the game to support the attack when possible. A review of the first game can be found here
It seemed certain that Milan would seek to replicate that performance as far as possible. The question revolved around Barcelona and their inability in recent games to move beyond sterile domination of the midfield area with a lack of movement and options in the final third.
Last night saw a return to the kind of game which Barcelona produced during the Guardiola era and which they have done so sporadically this season. It’s not a style of play they have ever abandoned but they have become lackadaisical with specific facets of it most notably the aggressive pressing and off the ball movement. By doing so they also demonstrated the fallacy of the overly discussed Plan B approach particularly when the implementation of Plan A is this good.
Barcelona Set Up
On paper what appeared to be the customary 4-3-3 was in fact considerably different in application:-
Barcelona Starting Line Up
Firstly, the defence composed Pique, Mascherano and Alba with the left back playing a much more conservative role but not quite the left sided centre back in a trio. Pique was the furthest to the right leaving Alves to start high on the right and operate that entire side alone.
Pedro stayed high on the left providing the width and enabling Alba to remain deep. With Cesc on the bench, Iniesta was able to perform his favoured central midfield role but he offered so much more. This was arguably one of his best defensive performances despite being so advanced.
The positioning of Messi and Villa was central to the game. This diagram from whoscored.com shows their positions being virtually the same. Villa was operating as a no9 with Messi occupying the space directly behind him as a no10. With Villa positioned between Mexes and Zapata, neither defender could step out to close Messi down for fear of leaving Villa in space. Milan’s ability to crowd out Messi with defenders and midfielders form the first leg was subsequently reduced. El Guaje justified his selection with the pivotal third goal combined with a performance of chasing opponents and opening up space with darting runs for team mates.
Milan – Right then Wrong?
From the Milan perspective, the area to be addressed is the starting positions as detailed in the graphic below:-
AC Milan Starting Line Up
Did Allegri set the side out to defend as deep as they did or were they simply pushed back by the ferocity of Barcelona in the opening period? Allegri and Milan had decided an effective strategy for defeating Barcelona in the first leg. Did Allegri really choose to abandon this with a conservative approach, inviting trouble from the beginning? Or were Barcelona more adventurous and more like the side of a few season ago?
I doubt he wanted to be so deep but for the first twenty minutes of the game, his side were encamped around their penalty area, pushed back by Barcelona attacks built upon fast passing, movement and an eagerness to retrieve possession. Milan were left to hang onto the game especially after the concession of the opening goal after four minutes.
The graphic below details where Milan were making interceptions last night:-
Milan Interceptions
Compare the position of the interceptions last night with how Milan defended in the first game as shown here
Barcelona were getting further upfield before Milan were intercepting. They were also able to hit a number of long range efforts as there was space between the lines. Ambrosini, so instrumental in the first leg, was ineffective in a constructive sense completing just 14 from 25 passes attempted whilst defensively he made only one successful tackle from four attempted. The midfield general was robbed of the ball for Iniesta midway inside his own half which led to the second goal by Messi. This is not an attack on Ambrosini just one of the clearest examples of how a player who was pivotal in the first leg was now slept away with his side.
The defence was deeper aware of Villa positioning, Barcelona were moving quicker and circulating the ball faster leaving Milan to chase shadows.
For all of their problems, Milan settled after around 20 minutes and began to offer something better in attack as Barcelona eased off form their initial press. Overall, Milan also proved that Barcelona still have issues to address. Despite having just two shots on target from their ten attempts at goal, eight of these were from inside the penalty area. Milan had opportunities not least the effort from Niang which struck the post.
This Barcelona side still provide you with hope.
Jordi Roura was clear in his understanding of the game:-
“but I would not talk about things that Milan did wrong; I would talk about the attitude of Barcelona, about how they pressured and worked. They made it look like Milan did things wrong but it was more that we did things right”
What Barcelona did right were the basic elements that’s made them so successful. They press you high quickly up the park to win back position and offer off the ball movement for team mates combined with recycling the ball at high speed.
Barcelona Positioning – Busquets
The revised formation from Barcelona was central to creating space with the play of Sergio Busquets instrumental. This was possibly the most advanced positional performance from a defensive midfielder you will see.
The heat map below shows Busquets positioning during the game:-
Busquets Heat Map
Nominally the deepest midfielder, Busquets was aggressive in his play last night stepping forward to defend high up the pitch. In doing so, he prevented Milan from even constructing attacks as he swept up behind Xavi and Iniesta whilst also launching a number of attacks.
Busquets completed 103 passes from 112 attempted, the bulk of which were in the Milan half of the pitch. His ability to play first time vertical passes presented a constant problem even if they did not always hit their target. That Pedro and Villa were such willing runners offered an additional threat to Milan, stretching the defence behind the midfield and creating the opportunities for Busquets to pass. The off the ball movement was another ingredient that has been missing in recent months.
Busquets also completed his defensive responsibilities well. He completed three tackles from three attempted including two on the right hand side covering for Dani Alves and made two interceptions both in the Milan half of the pitch.
Barcelona Press High
The second element in Barcelona’s play was the intensity shown in pressing and tackling their opponents. The location of their interceptions is shown below:-
FCB Interceptions
Niang commented afterwards:-
“Barça were impressive. It was as if they were playing with 22 players. In first half, we were running around like madmen”
The Blaugrana began to exert significant pressure on their opponents high up the pitch. Pedro, so often the player who sets the tempo, chased and harried and was joined by team mates. The weakness of the defence was under less scrutiny as Milan were unable to build any attacks without being pressed.
The interceptions were aided by tackling:-
FCB Tackles
Barcelona were tackling higher too. Ten of their successful tackles were in the Milan half of the pitch. The Rossonieri were being suffocated in the opening stages of the game.
Sometimes it’s easy to forgot just how much of the less glamourous side of the game certain footballers perform. Such as Andres Iniesta. The little creative midfielder made five successful tackles, the joint highest along with Mascherano of anyone on the pitch. His tackle on Ambrosini led to the second goal and his controlled pas to Xavi helped set up the third for Villa. People will recall his deft flicks or little passes but his team mates will remember his graft and determination allied to his undoubted intelligence to draw the Milan defence forward before attacking them.
Lower Tempo & Milan Higher
When the tempo inevitably dropped with pressing less intensive and movement off the ball falling, Milan were able to begin passing and move higher upfield. The problems reappeared for Barcelona offering optimism for Milan. Only a superb block by Jordi Alba prevented Robinho for scoring the elusive away goal for Milan which would surely have sent the Rossonieri through.
The side became static again, understandable to a degree given their huge effort early in the game. It’s a part of their game that should improve as they reach their peak physical condition as April approaches.
Jordi Roura
The game was also important in the development of Jordi Roura. Thrown into a job that he neither wanted or is seemingly enjoying, he has often displayed the look of a frustrated man, unable to make the necessary changes from the sidelines. Last night saw a change. The withdrawal of Pedro for Adriano recognised the increased threat of Abate on the Barcelona left. The introduction of the Brazilian strengthened that area and enabled Alba to push forward in the knowledge that Adriano could defend behind him.
Likewise, the withdrawal of a tiring Villa to be replaced by Sanchez offered vitality to the attack but also covering pace for the defensive phase too, aiding Alves on the right.
Reports of the demise of Barcelona have been greatly exaggerated. Or have they?
There can be no doubt that many of the qualities which made Barcelona such a dominant force over the past five seasons were in evidence last night. Equally, some of the negative traits that have weakened the side particularly during the last month or so were also visible.
The challenge facing Roura and Vilanova upon his return is to maintain the level of intensity shown by the side last night whilst also ensuring the players return to peak physical condition. This also means rotation in league games. Xavi must be rested and Puyol needs to be nursed to full fitness.
This is just one hurdle overcome. To successfully reclaim the Champions League there are other opponents who can ask similar demanding questions of Barcelona including a Madrid side focused entirely upon their main objective.
Last night the standard was set once more. Maintaining it again is the hard part.
Filed under Three Short Observations Tagged with AC Milan, Allegri, Ambrosini, Barcelona, Busquets, Champions League, Iniesta Intensity, Messi, Pressing, Width
Real Madrid vs Barcelona – Tactical Analysis – Deja Vu
After Madrid’s convincing win over their rivals in the Copa del Rey fixture midweek, the clubs renewed hostilities in the league albeit with little at stake due to Barcelona’s 16 point lead. Both sides minds were firmly fixed on forthcoming Champions League games.
And it appeared to be a serous case of Deja Vu. It was as if the midweek clash in the Copa del Rey had never occurred. Barcelona changed a couple of players yet set about their task with the exact same game plan which played perfectly into the hands of a mainly fringe Real Madrid side.
As expected, both sides made a number of changes to their respective starting line ups for this game but the extent to which Mouirnho made changes surprised many observers.
Madrid chose to rest Alonso completely as he continues to nurse a minor injury whilst Arbeloa, Khedira, Di Maria, Higuain, Ozil and Ronaldo all began life on the bench
Essien moved in at right back with Pepe in a defensive midfield role.
Real Madrid vs Barcelona Starting Line Up
Roura brought Mascherano and Thiago into the side for the injured duo of Puyol and Xavi. Villa started with Cesc on the bench.
For Madrid, this game, as important as a clasico is, was entirely secondary to Tuesday night in Manchester. Whilst Barcelona needed a performance more than anything in this game following recent disappointments.
Possession, Possession, Possession
Once more in a clasico, Barcelona dominate possession but Real Madrid possess a much greater attacking threat. The possession stats look anomalous. Barcelona made 631 passes from 701 attempted as they gained 63% possession they they scarcely looked like scoring aside from their one goal. Madrid meanwhile, only made 186 successful passes but carried a real attacking threat borne out by their 14 attempts at goal. Strangely, all of their attempts came from the left to centre positions. No shots originated from the right.
David Villa started but is becoming increasingly marginalised and wasted in a wide left position. This may offer Barcelona tactical width but Madrid were unconcerned by him and retained their defensive shape. The lack of a central reference point, somebody who can make runs and occupy and stretch opposing central defenders is a major obstacle now.
The inability or reluctance to to shoot at goal is becoming something of an issue for Barcelona. The graphic below shows their shots at goal in this game:-
Barcelona Shots http://www.squawka.com
Barcelona managed five attempts in 90 minutes yet Ronaldo could muster six attempts in a brief 32 minute cameo.
Quite simply, Barcelona appear to be content with possession for possession’s sake but there must be an end product. There is no point in passing the ball. The 30th minute summed up Barcelona’s approach. Messi and Iniesta exchanged a series of passes about 10 yards inside the Madrid half under no pressure. Why should Madrid charge in and press their opponent thus opening up space?
Apart from Messi’s goal, the only other shot on target from Barcelona arrived due to an error by Madrid.
The heat map below is further evidence of Barcelona’s inability to enter the opposition penalty area. Barcelona dominate the middle of the pitch:-
Barcelona Heat Map http://www.squawka.com
There are two issues for Barcelona to address.
1. If Barcelona are intent on continuing such an approach then they must tempt the opponent out by building play deeper. They force the opponent deep and contribute to their own downfall. Construct play deeper and allow the opponent to move forward. It carries risks but also rewards.
2. Barcelona must develop a greater sense of dynamism and verticality to their game. Too often the movement is lateral. They need to adopt a little of what makes Real Madrid so good; the explosive pace and movement on counter attacks. Barcelona will not counter like Madrid with the players they presently possess but they can increase the tempo and counter. Forgo the control for that riskier pass every now and then. Take the chance.
Real Madrid set up with a broadly similar set up to that which worked against Barcelona midweek. The main difference this time being that whereas Ronaldo and Higuain were less inclined to track back, Morata and Benzema recovered position quickly and dropped deep.
The performance of Callejon was one of complete discipline and intelligence. The forward sacrificed himself for the team, undertaking his defensive tasks with diligence and completely nullifying Alba in the process. Callejon made two successful tackles in the game, both occurring deep within his own half.
The heat map below shows his time more or less split between both halfs:-
Callejon Heat Map
There was something almost Saachian about this Real Madrid performance today. So often the side was very compact with the whole team being within about 25 meters from defence to attack. Lines were compact and the team defended as one unit before bursting forward when they became more open.
The graphic below shows the Real Madrid side in position when Barcelona have possession at the halfway line:-
Real Madrid Defensive Positions
To retain discipline and organisation for the full 90 minutes requires a superb collective effort from all the players. And yet again, a Madrid side prevented Barcelona from creating many genuine opportunities. This was not a park the bus performance, it was a Rolls Royce performance.
Madrid opened the scoring after just five minutes. Ramos intercepted a Thiago pass near the halfway line and released Morata who making his clasico debut. The young forward beat Alves far too easily on the left and whipped in a cross to the far post where Benzema had run off Mascherano and knocked the ball home. Alba was five or six yards further back when he should have been much closer to his central defender. It is a goal so typical of Madrid. Gain possession and swiftly attack before the opponent can regain shape. It’s the exact sort of goal that Barcelona seldom score.
Too often recently Barcelona have lacked penetration with no player making runs in behind an opponent to stretch their defence. David Villa provided this to an extent against Sevilla even though he spent considerable time on the left. The equalising goal arrived when Messi made a surging run forward and latched onto Alves through ball. Cutting to the inside of Ramos, Messi beat Lopez at his near post far too easily. The keeper really should have saved the effort.
Messi becomes the first player to score in 16 consecutive Liga games and also equalled Di Stefano’s record of 18 goals in the clasico. It was the one bright spot for Barcelona.
Sergio Ramos scored the winning goal. For the third clasico in a row, Barcelona concede a goal via a header. The ease with which Ramos beat Pique in the air was considerable,demonstrating a gap in the physique and power between the sides.
With two wins in a row under their belts, Madrid can head to Manchester in fine fettle for the real game that matters to them against Man Utd in the Champions League. Having said that, it will be a strong boost that a team containing to many squad players, albeit hugely talented squad players, can see off Barcelona without any real examination.
For Barcelona, a period of greater introspection is needed.
The illness of Vilanova had pushed Jordi Roura into the limelight. Clearly uncomfortable with the role and now clearly struggling in the role, the primary concern Barcelona face is overcoming Milan in the Champions League. To do so though, requires recognition of the issues facing the side and an ability to make key alterations mid-game. Thus far, Roura has not demonstrated either skill.
At this precise moment, decisions that Barcelona take off the park could prove to be as important as decisions they make on it.
For such a meaningless game, as if any clasico could ever be completely meaningless, there are significant ramifications for each partner.
Despite being a game with lower than normal intensity, a win is still important. The 16 point gap between the sides being narrowed to just 13 points will have no bearing on the title but this game, and midweek, is further confirmation, if it were needed, that there is no inferiority complex from this Madrid side when the face Barcelona. It is now Barcelona who are left to wonder how they will defeat their rivals from the capital.
Filed under Tactics Tagged with Barcelona, Champions League, clascio, Mourinho, Real Madrid, Roura, Vilanova
Fehgouli’s Scream?
Fehgouli Scores Against Bayern.
Filed under Pictures Tagged with Champions League, Fehgouli, Soldado, Tino Costa, Valencia
Alves Celebrates Scoring against Spartak
Filed under Pictures Tagged with Alves, Barcelona, Champions League
Celtic vs Barcelona
We seen this film before, haven’t we?
We know every single exact little detail. The script has been written then read and re-read time and time again. Barcelona come up against a team who are very defensive, hold a line at the edge of the penalty area, congest the centre, counter attack and they struggle to break the opponent down.
“We did what we needed to do in these types of games, we’ve seen this on other occasions”
There are lies, damned lies and statistics – Barcelona “enjoyed” 84% possession, 91% pass completion, 25 shot at goal and 8 shots on target. Final score Celtic 2 Barcelona 1. Vilanova’s assessment is correct.
To the names of Inter and Chelsea, Celtic can now be added. The only consolation for Vilanova and his players is that this defeat has arisen in the group stage and not later on in the competition. There is time left to address the issues which this game has raised.
To Be Direct or Not Be Direct – Pass, Pass, Pass
There is a general view that Barcelona has become slightly more direct this season under Vilanova with the dichotomy of Xavi or Cesc being the crux of this issue.
Xavi guarantees game control via ball retention whereas Cesc, his style of play greatly influenced by both La Masia and the Premiership, plays further forward with less emphasis upon control and a focus upon creating more goal scoring opportunities.
Is it a straight choice between the styles? Which style is best?
Last night, Barcelona produced their least direct performance of the season and in doing so overwhelmingly dominated possession enjoying 84%. Their hosts, Celtic, set a new Champions League record for winning a game with the least amount of possession standing at just 16%.
As is so often the case, Barcelona continually passed the ball but against such a deep lying defence and midfield, they found openings extremely difficult to create.
A further problem for Barcelona was their lack of presence within the penalty area. There was no central focal point.
The lack of a reference point in attack is exacerbated when the players play cross balls into the box. Alves made 18 crosses into the penalty area whilst Alba made just 5. This highlighted the reliance upon the right-wing for attacking by Barcelona. Alves was also the third highest passer in the team with 122 attempted passes (93% completion rate).
The reason for this is probably due to Messi moving to the right as the game progressed to find space. From there however, Messi frequently moved inward towards the congestion.
Barcelona only made two through balls in the entire game, both from Messi. If he drops deep, somebody has to move into a central position but until Villa and Cesc arrived, this was not really happening. Sanchez tried this, but he lacks confidence at the moment and is off form.
Celtic Approach
As highlighted, the problem for Barcelona was that Celtic were so deep that there was no space behind their defence to run. All the play occurred in front of Celtic who held the defensive line around the edge of the penalty area with the midfield sitting just ahead.
Having said that, Samaras remained high up the field and was supported by Miku who dropped to the left when Celtic lost possession. Celtic were defensive, but they were also forced back but attempted to retain an attacking dimension to their game.
Both full backs and wide midfielders tucked in narrowly too, moving towards their respective opponents in wide positions when the ball was played there. Pedro, Alves and Alba were positioned very wide and always had space until they received the ball.
Barcelona needed to draw Celtic forward but instead suffocated them which ultimately hindered Barcelona. The first goal in this contest would prove to be pivotal.
Critics of the zonal marking system will attack Barcelona’s concession of the opening goal. This ignores two key points.
Firstly, the delivery of the corner kick from Mulgrew was excellent. The ball was whipped in with pace. Secondly, Wanyama attacked the ball from just beyond the back post. Given the lack of height in the Barcelona team, who would have man marked Wanyama and then would they have been able to prevent him scoring? The first goal was simply Celtic using their superior physical strength over the Barcelona team. Sometimes, good goals should just be enjoyed rather than seeking defensive inadequacies.
With the opening goal going to Celtic, the rest of the game became more straightforward from a tactical perspective, and almost like a training game. Celtic simply asked Barcelona the question, can you break us down?
Despite the superiority of possession, Barcelona were unable to do so until they trailed by two goals.
Celtic were never going to compete with Barcelona in terms of possession so they attempted to control space and did so extremely effectively. Wanyama was central to Celtic’s performance. Despite making just 16 passes, he made 6 tackles and performed an essential job in the heart of midfield, closing down and disrupting the likes of Xavi. His performances will not go unnoticed either and it seems likely he will depart Celtic Park shortly for a higher profile league.
Without sounding clichéd, the Celtic players displayed the sort of characteristics which the British game is well known for. This was a performance of character, determination and strength. But add to the mix the mental qualities to complement the physical attributes. A high degree of intelligence and discipline was shown as Celtic conceded just 11 fouls.
The second goal was a simple kick out from Forster which inexplicably evaded Xavi when he had a fresh air swipe at the ball allowing it to run through to Watt who finished with aplomb.
How Important is Busquets?
Was the defining moment of this game actually the dismissal of Busquets in the 88th minute against Benfica?
The subsequent two match ban saw him miss both games against Celtic
It’s widely accepted that Messi is central to the functioning of this Barcelona team. Xavi and Iniesta are essential components too.
Why does nobody ever highlight just how effective Busquets is? Yet how can a defensive midfielder be so central to the team?
Busquets contributes defensively and offensively from his deep midfield position. His positional sense enables team mates to find him when in trouble and keep play flowing whilst his quick one touch passing allows him to recycle possession quickly. Song is adapting to life at the Camp Nou but he’s not yet at the level Barcelona require. That much was evident tonight when he somehow evaded a second yellow card and remained on the pitch for a few additional moments before Vilanova withdrew him.
Song is given a fairly restricted role in the side. He switched places with Mascherano to allow the Argentinean to bring the ball out of defence but Song so far has not pushed forward to offer anything resembling his Arsenal form in an attacking sense.
The statistics suggest that Song performed well with a 95% completion rate from his 62 attempted passes. Song also played six long balls, all of which were accurate. This was a key aspect of his play whilst at Arsenal and he should have used this more often last night. Too often the long balls were lateral rather than vertical. The real cause for concern though is the concession of three fouls.
Xavi never broke forward into the penalty area and Iniesta was also very conservative. Was this due to having Song behind them? Were there concerns over the lack of security Song offers compared to Busquets?
The win should secure Celtic’s place in the knockout stages which probably surpasses their initial expectations in the group.
This game will give renewed hope to those teams who advocate adopting an ultra defensive approach against the Catalans but it must be remembered that when such a gameplan succeeds, it is the exception and not the rule.
Barcelona will still qualify as group winners for the knockout stage but it’s a timely reminder to Vilanova that when teams “park the bus” Barcelona are vulnerable especially when too many of their players have a drop in their level of performance.
Filed under Three Short Observations Tagged with Barcelona, Busquets, Celtic, Cesc, Champions League, Song, Vilanova, Wanyama, Xavi
@KezaShea @spacebar69 @jamesdoleman To be clear, you are saying that governments are collaborating and exaggerating… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 1 hour ago
@KezaShea @spacebar69 @jamesdoleman Various scenarios... Exaggerated? Governments around the world are collaborat… twitter.com/i/web/status/1… 2 hours ago
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Shackleton Blended Malt Scotch Whisky
Whyte & Mackay, among the world’s largest producers of Scotch whisky, has announced the launch of Shackleton Blended Malt Scotch Whisky in the U.S. market.
Shackleton Blended Malt combines Highland single malts to “capture the spirit of the original whisky commissioned by British explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton’s for his legendary 1907 Antarctic expedition,” the company reports.
Sir Ernest Shackleton commissioned 25 cases of Mackinlay’s Rare Old Highland Malt Whisky for his expedition. Shackleton and his men reached 88 degrees south, further than his previous attempt at the South Pole, but still 97 miles short. Shackleton was forced to turn back, leading his crew home to safety, even after their ship was lost under the ice. Supplies left behind included three cases of Mackinlay’s Rare Old Highland Malt.
One century later, 11 intact bottles containing this perfectly preserved whisky were recovered from under the ice beneath Shackleton’s basecamp. Master Blender Richard Paterson, inspired by this antique whisky, has created Shackleton Blended Malt Scotch Whisky.
The whisky ages in a combination of ex-bourbon American white oak barrels and Spanish Sherry butts. The result is “a rich and robust” whisky, the company reports, with notes of vanilla, honey, ginger, liquorice, and a hint of bonfire smoke.
Shackleton is the first blended malt brand to join Whyte & Mackay’s portfolio as a permanent offering. Shackleton will be available in the U.S. beginning this month with a recommended retail price of $35 per 750-ml. bottle.
To learn more, visit theshackletonwhisky.com or follow @theshackletonwhisky on Instagram and Facebook.
shackelton shackelton blended shackelton malt shackelton scotch shackelton whisky shackleton blend malt scotch whisky shackleton blended malt scotch whisky whisky
Highland Park Full Volume
Isaac Bowman Straight Bourbon Whiskey Finished in Port Barrels
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Children And Chiropractic
Mind-Body Connection >
Coming Up for Air
Created in Newsletter Library, Mind-Body Connection
Both Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the United States, and Charles Darwin, author of The Origin of Species and creator of the theory of natural selection, were born on February 12, 1809. Modern evolutionary theory, of course, is based on Darwin's theory of natural selection.
The evolutionary history of humans traces the family history of mammals back to tetrapods, four-footed vertebrate animals in existence 365 million years ago, in the late Devonian period. Tetrapods originally were wholly aquatic, and toward the end of the Devonian they developed the ability to breathe on land and walked out of the seas.
How were the tetrapods able to accomplish this revolutionary transition? Over long stretches of evolutionary time, genetic mutations which conferred a benefit were retained. Those tetrapods that had developed the complex ability to survive and thrive on land gained a reproductive advantage. The history and science of evolution can be summarized by a simple concept - those that produce the greatest numbers of surviving offspring win. The air-breathing tetrapods won because they could explore new territories and find new supplies of resources. They became stronger and could reproduce stronger, survivable offspring who would pass on the air-breathing genes.
Human beings continue to evolve, although we ourselves don't notice the process. Our lives are short in comparison to the lengths of time involved. We are able to observe that humans are certainly taller and live much longer than the humans of 1000 years ago. These changes represent evolutionary advantages.
On an individual level we're not able to alter our genes. But we are able to take steps to make our bodies strong and help ensure our cellular and genetic processes are functioning at their highest level. Cells need the right raw materials and the right metabolic environment in order to function properly. So healthy food in the right quantities and sufficient amounts of regular exercise are important. A key critical factor is proper functioning of the nerve system, which coordinates all your body's activities. The nerve system, conductor of your physiologic orchestra, makes sure that everything runs smoothly and efficiently.
From the point of view of genetics and evolution, an individual human being has an advantage if she is healthy and well. If such a person has children it is likely they will be healthy and well, too. They will survive and pass on whatever genetic advantages they have gained. A healthy nerve system is needed to help ensure such health and wellness. Chiropractic care helps ensure that your nerve system is functioning at peak efficiency and doing what it's supposed to do.
Chiropractic care optimizes biomechanical function of spinal vertebras which optimizes the free flow of nerve signals throughout your body. These nerve signals coordinate the work of all body systems. Raw materials reach cells when they're needed. Genetic function is optimized, cellular products are produced on time, and the cell divides when necessary.
Proper flow of information and instructions transmitted via the nerve system helps ensure health and well-being at the very deepest level. Your genetic advantage is passed on when you're healthy and well. Chiropractic care helps make this happen.
1Zhang F, et al: Copy number variation in human health, disease, and evolution. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 10:451-481, 2009
2Danilova N, Amemiya CT: Going adaptive. The saga of antibodies. Ann NY Acad Sci 1168:130-155, 2009
3Solomons NW: Developmental origins of health and disease. Concepts, caveats, and consequences for public health nutrition. Nutr Rev 67(Suppl 1):S12-S16, 2009
Crosstown Clinic of Chiropractic
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cognitive intelligence Mon May 14 2018 16:36:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Causes of Sectionalism and Westward Expansion Mon May 14 2018 16:36:49 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Sociology final 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Cell Structure and Function 2 Mon May 14 2018 16:36:43 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Multiple Choice Refresher Mon May 14 2018 16:37:06 GMT+0000 (UTC)
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Economics Glossary A-F Mon May 14 2018 16:37:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
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PGS101 Final Exam Sun Dec 14 2008 21:39:52 GMT+0000 (UTC)
gre vocabulary c Mon May 14 2018 16:37:03 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Social psychology outline Mon May 14 2018 16:36:25 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psychology Terms Thu Jan 22 2009 02:47:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Ibus Tue Dec 11 2007 01:06:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
APUSH Summer Terms Sat Sep 05 2009 10:16:10 GMT+0000 (UTC)
the-elcect
freedom-dues
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c-190 final Thu Dec 18 2008 18:33:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Y103Test2,pt2 Sun Feb 22 2009 23:08:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Comm105A Unit 1 Thu Oct 09 2008 14:59:39 GMT+0000 (UTC)
kim psych exam 1 Mon Feb 09 2009 22:20:06 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Legal Psych Mid Thu Jul 16 2009 10:19:56 GMT+0000 (UTC)
causesofCPA Wed May 13 2009 18:19:04 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psych 303 Exam 1 Mon Feb 09 2009 20:00:06 GMT+0000 (UTC)
world politics Sun May 03 2009 14:01:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psychology: Measuring Sensation Tue Sep 22 2009 00:25:02 GMT+0000 (UTC)
WH vocab Wed Nov 12 2008 18:39:36 GMT+0000 (UTC)
History Test 2 Thu Oct 08 2009 12:17:09 GMT+0000 (UTC)
test-1
anth 200 Thu May 14 2009 14:20:18 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Intro to Inquiry Sat Oct 04 2008 20:24:21 GMT+0000 (UTC)
anthro 153 Thu Oct 30 2008 03:47:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Poli Econ Chapter 4 Wed Sep 09 2009 02:14:17 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Sociology: Socialization Wed Sep 23 2009 01:26:04 GMT+0000 (UTC)
psych9achap7 Tue Feb 03 2009 16:03:24 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psychology Quiz 1 Thu Sep 24 2009 00:59:54 GMT+0000 (UTC)
WS Industrial Revolution 2 Thu Nov 01 2007 17:34:10 GMT+0000 (UTC)
egyptology Thu Oct 08 2009 03:09:32 GMT+0000 (UTC)
kysos
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Neuro 2 Thu Sep 03 2009 20:24:28 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Bilology I TEST CH. 3 Mon Sep 21 2009 14:11:47 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Australia in the 1920's Fri Mar 23 2007 00:51:52 GMT+0000 (UTC)
econ 101 bitch Thu Oct 08 2009 03:33:29 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Biology 2 Mike Tue Oct 06 2009 16:31:07 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Political Science Tue Oct 06 2009 11:03:08 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psychology 2013 Thu Sep 17 2009 21:44:43 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Sociology 2600: Social problems Mon Oct 12 2009 23:46:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Political Science 2 Tue Oct 06 2009 12:04:56 GMT+0000 (UTC)
POS 110 Exam Sat Feb 20 2010 17:11:52 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Chemistry Test 1 Chapters 1 & 2 Wed Dec 19 2007 04:08:41 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Vert.Morph. TEST2 Wed Oct 21 2009 21:42:20 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Poli Econ Chapter 1 Mon Sep 07 2009 21:55:48 GMT+0000 (UTC)
WS Industrial Revolution Mon Oct 29 2007 17:38:00 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Psych-CH.8 Mon Oct 26 2009 22:20:57 GMT+0000 (UTC)
nur 110 vocab midterm Tue Oct 20 2009 21:38:22 GMT+0000 (UTC)
Science and Society Wed Sep 16 2009 11:29:50 GMT+0000 (UTC)
NCEEEE Fri Aug 07 2015 16:34:41 GMT+0000 (UTC)
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Cockermouth arts charity’s new film stars its volunteers
A Cockermouth charity has made a short film starring some of its volunteers in a recruitment drive for new helpers.
About 100 volunteers help out at the Kirkgate, Cockermouth’s arts and community centre which is run by Kirkgate Arts and Heritage. They perform a big range of roles from running the bar for the cinema to curating the local history collection to painting and decorating. They put in 7,700 hours a year, an essential contribution to the charity’s work.
“The Kirkgate Centre is closed at the moment because of the lockdown,” said Emma Heys, Executive Director of the charity, ‘but it’s a good time to let people know we are always keen to welcome new volunteers. We are a friendly team and there are lots of benefits from volunteering.’ Full training and ongoing support is offered and the experience and new skills gained can help people in their job searches.
The film will be a trailer on cinema nights at the Kirkgate Centre when it re-opens and can be seen online through Facebook, YouTube and the charity’s website. It features volunteers talking about the benefits of volunteering.
Gill George, Volunteers Coordinator, says: “We’ve had people who’ve learnt to do the lighting who’ve gone on to do it professionally. Someone who first came here as a 6th former now does the lighting for Madonna concerts and Strictly Come Dancing.”
Duty manager Zena Bergmann says: “It’s a really good way to support a local charity, make friends and enhance your CV.”
Film projectionist Nigel Bloor says: “It’s a great organisation to get to know people and you become more of a part of the community.”
Trustee Judith Bennington, who also organises the popular Cockfrock sales of quality pre-loved ladies fashions to raise funds for the charity, says: “People get a sense of fulfilment doing something, and the knowledge that they are helping to preserve this asset for Cockermouth and the wider community which is absolutely terrific.”
The film itself is a volunteer effort. It was made by brothers George and Lowell Belfield with music by talented local composer Owen Evans, who works as caretaking assistant at the Kirkgate.
You can see the film on Facebook at www.kirkgatearts.org.uk For more information on volunteering email [email protected]
Emma HeysExecutive DirectorGill GeorgeKirkgate Centre
Commissioner’s Funding Working in the Community
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Men wearing balaclavas damage car
Debt-laden Carlisle drug user became involved in heroin supply
Traffic disruption as Carlisle £14m water pipes scheme continues
Drivers warned to take care on icy roads
24-hour alcohol licence granted for Keswick’s new Premier Inn
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Maritime Cyber Security
Maritime Cybersecurity: The Old and New
Latin America has over 300 ports and with the expansion of the Panama Canal, which will double its capacity, almost complete, shipping and vessel traffic is top of mind. At the same time, the world is facing a surge of new cyberattacks across all industries. Last year alone, over 317 million new computer viruses or malicious software were created. While shipping activity has existed since prehistoric time, it is only recently that the maritime industry has been forced to confront this new threat.
BIMCO, the Baltic and International Maritime Council, one of the largest international shipping associations in the world whose membership represents approximately 65 percent of the world’s tonnage, recently promulgated guidelines on cybersecurity on board ships in conjunction with other maritime organizations. The guidelines are meant to provide assistance to shipowners and operators on how to assess their operations and are complementary to existing regulations through the International Safety Management Code (ISM Code) and the International Ship and Port Facilities Security Code (ISPS Code).
Full article can be read here
Cybersail Assessment
It seems that this types of cyberattacks objective is to damaging data or ransoming data and systems causing financial loss. Therefore level of breaching always depends on the companies or ships vulnerabilities and how what techniques chose to deliver an attack.
It’s time for a Vulnerability Assessment?
Alexandros Theofilou
Written by Alexandros Theofilou
View all posts by: Alexandros Theofilou
Norsk Hydro Cyber Attack a Wake Up Call for Maritime Industry
This week’s cyber attack on Norwegian aluminium producer Norsk Hydro is a sign of the…
Inmarsat board agrees to sell company for $3.4bn
The British satellite communications company Inmarsat has agreed to a $3.4bn (£2.6bn) takeover by a…
Iridium completes $3bn satellite constellation upgrade
Iridium Communications has announced the completion of its US $3 billion satellite constellation upgrade…
CyberSail.org Cyber Security Dedicated to Maritime
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CyberSail collects, interprets, alerts and advises on cyber threats targeting specifically the Maritime industry. We offer a platform of discussion and exchange for concerned Maritime personnel, responsible ICT administrator of shipping companies as well as security experts.
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The Deck Of Cards - Helen Scott (5), Billy Scott (7) - Songs Youve Requested (Vinyl, LP)
Label: Chance (7) - 0647 • Format: Vinyl LP, Mono • Country: US • Genre: Folk, World, & Country • Style: Honky Tonk, Bluegrass
Warhead - UK Subs - Time Warp Greatest Hits (CD, Album), Flipside - The Breeders - Last Splash (CD, Album), Stardust - Art Tatum - The Complete Pablo Solo Masterpieces (CD, Album), Mon Ami (Electric Shaker Remix), Lisker No Saigo - Matthew Morse - Guyver Original Soundtrack (CD, Album), Come And Get It (Take 6) - The Beatles - Revolution Take... Your Knickers Off! (CD), Ana - Srebrna Krila - Ana / Reci Mala (Vinyl), I Cant Get Started - Lawrence Welk & Johnny Hodges - Lawrence Welk & Johnny Hodges (Vinyl), Interference From The Future - Biomekanik - Fuck The System (File), Cold & Chrome - Prez-D - Extorsion (CD, Album), Jungle Of Mirror (The Scumfrog Remix) - Various - Bedrock: Compiled & Unmixed By John Creamer & Step
This entry was posted in DEFAULT on 29.09.2019 by Akijin .
9 thoughts on “ The Deck Of Cards - Helen Scott (5), Billy Scott (7) - Songs Youve Requested (Vinyl, LP) ”
Vunris 05.10.2019 at 10:37
Helen And Billy Scott – Songs You've Requested. Label: Chance (7) – /5(2).
Daisida 06.10.2019 at 20:40
HELEN & BILLY SCOTT. Format: LP. Housed in an 8, square foot warehouse that currently holds over 2 million records, Craig and his talented, dedicated staff serve music lovers in more than 60 comprecvobackfulli.queranicliposkeworkklanoluncepigs.co Rating: % positive.
Dujind 06.10.2019 at 16:31
Nov 10, · Helen And Billy Scott Songs You've Requested Chance " The Cincinnati Sound" Queen City Album - Cincinnati, Ohio # The Scotts, made appearances on Hayride (TV series) and Jamboree USA (radio show). It also appears that the Scotts recorded at least two more albums, both on Jewel (another local Cincinnati, Ohio record company).Author: Mark Betcher.
Fezil 01.10.2019 at 19:47
Watch the video for Deck of Cards from Wink Martindale's K-tel Presents Country Jukebox - The 50's for free, and see the artwork, lyrics and similar artists.
Kazrarn 09.10.2019 at 18:31
“Deck of Cards” was written in by T. Texas Tyler, who also released it as a single. Tex Ritter covered it that same year and it was a top ten hit on the Billboard Country charts.
Mikazilkree 08.10.2019 at 02:35
Lyrics to 'Deck Of Cards' by Wink Martindale. NARRATIVE: During the North African campaign, a bunch of soldier boys had been on a long hike and they arrived in a little town called Casino. The next morning being Sunday, several of the boys went to Church. A sergeant commanded the boys in Church and after the Chaplain had read the prayer.
Oct 05, · Billy Scott (October 5, – November 17, ) was an American R&B singer, who was lead vocalist for the group The Prophets, later known as "The Georgia Prophets", and eventually "Billy Scott.
Tom 30.09.2019 at 20:36
There are 52 cards, the number of weeks in a year. There are four suits, the number of weeks in a month. There are twelve picture cards, the number of months in a year. There are thirteen tricks, the number of weeks in a quarter. So you see, Sir, My deck of cards serves me as a bible, An almanac and a prayer book." "And friends, this is a true.
Nihn 08.10.2019 at 10:36
When I count the number of spots in a deck of cards, I find , the number of days in a year. There are 52 cards, the number of weeks in a year. There are four suits, the number of weeks in a month. There are twelve picture cards, the number of months in a year. There are thirteen tricks, the number of weeks in a quarter.
Distant - SubShot - Dark Days EP (File, MP3)
Jackie Mittoo - Reggae Magic (Vinyl)
Ten Thousand Tons Of Dollar Bills - Various - Now This Is What I & I Call Version (Vinyl, LP)
Eiger Dreams - Glass Hammer - Live At The Tivoli (DVD)
Magnus (9) - Thread Ender / Radiant Dawn (CDr)
Kilmaran on The Deck Of Cards - Helen Scott (5), Billy Scott (7) - Songs Youve Requested (Vinyl, LP)
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North Rockland Daily Voice serves Garnerville, Grassy Point, Stony Point, Thiells, Tomkins Cove, Village of Haverstraw & West Haverstraw in Haverstraw Town
Fire Up The Grill For National Hot Dog Day, North Rockland
Cindy Capitani
Gillian Schonenberg gets ready to chow down on an all-beef hot dog at New City Kosher Deli and Restaurant in New City. Photo Credit: Provided
Dogs are made with 100 percent Black Angus beef at The Filling Station and its sister restaurant, T.F.S. Burger Works. Photo Credit: The Filling Station/Facebook
The Dog House in Nanuet has a long menu of toppings. Photo Credit: Yelp
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Hot diggity! National Hot Dog Day is Saturday, July 23. It's time to honor one of America's all time favorite fast foods.
Whether you like your franks straight up, covered in mustard, drizzled with ketchup, blanketed in cheese or rolled in relish, Americans consume 7 billion dogs between Memorial Day and Labor Day, according to the National Hot Dog and Sausage Council.
Who has the best hot dog in Rockland County? Cast your vote and have influence over who will take the coveted honor of top dog in the county.
Born in Germany where they’re called Frankfurter Wurstchen, America's signature hot dog is usually made of beef and served grilled, steamed, deep fried or boiled.There are also chicken and turkey varieties and meatless marvels.
Americans consume about 20 billion hot dogs a year -- about seven franks per person. Los Angeles eats more wieners than any other U.S. city -- 34 million pounds -- followed by New York and Phoenix, according to the council. O'Hare International Airport sells more hot dogs than New York's LaGuardia Airport and Los Angeles Airport combined.
The word "hot dog" likely came from German immigrants who brought both sausages and dachshund dogs to the U.S. in the late 1800s. The first hot dogs were called "dachshund sausages."
Don't forget to vote for the best hot dog in Rockland County. You have until 4 p.m. Thursday, July 28 to cast your ballot. You can vote daily, once a day.
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North Rockland Daily Voice!
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Danger’s Manifesto
Contact Danger
Tag: Buffy the Vampire Slayer
I can remember 1998 like yesterday. I was 15.5 years old and in full, complete, and total love with the musical stylings of Korn and the body and mind of Angel as portrayed by David Boreanaz. (Forgive me) I had this huge subway-sized poster of Angel on my wall, in some burgundy crushed velvet button down and a pair of raggedy black high-waisted leather pants. He was my everything, until one year later when Spike showed up and I followed that bad bleach job into the vamp abyss.
In loving memory of my Angel crush.
Author Danger BowiePosted on June 20, 2012 August 9, 2013 Format ImageCategories MoviesTags actors, Angel, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, David Boreanaz, posters, Spike, teenage crushLeave a comment on
Nice going Dragonball Evolution
I may lose a few loads of any credibility my opinion site has managed to get me in the last month, but I don’t care. Dragonball Evolution was a pretty decent manga live action movie. You may have seen the trailers and the posters, hell you probably laughed as heartily at them as I did. The special effects looked like they had been copy pasted from the mid 90’s cult classic “Mortal Combat” which was awesome. Beyond that, choosing Justin Chatwin, the guy who played Tom Cruise’s son in “War of the Worlds”, to become”Goku”, the main protagonist from the manga, seemed like Hollywood’s bastard attempt to create an anime live action anglo friendly box office titan. It may have well been, but Chatwin was pretty kick ass to say that he didn’t have a whole lot to work with.
11-14 year old boys would probably adore this flick. There are plenty of cute girls, great fighting scenes, and some nice fantasy elements to aid the retelling of one of the most popular mangas of all time. Having never read more than 2 pages of the manga, I found that the writer did a good job of explaining the story without alienating a non Dragonball fan.
Chatwin summons the box office gods
“Dragon Ball: Evolution” is the story of a unpopular teenaged boy named Goku, who is found by an old martial arts expert who raises him as his grandson. On Goku’s 18th birthday his grandfather gives him a dragonball. There are 7 Dragon Balls spread all over the Earth and whoever possesses all seven can summon a dragon who will grant any wish. Piccolo, an evil alien demon, comes to Earth in search of all the Dragon Balls so that he make a wish to destroy the planet. Lord Piccolo (James Marsters, Spike from Buffy) and his faithful sidekick (Eriko Tamura wearing a bad wig) have descended on Earth to appropriate all seven Dragon Balls, so that they can destroy the planet. Bulma (Emmy Rossum of Phantom of the Opera with a silly blue hair streak), a scientist who wants to use the Dragon Ball’s as an energy source (go green!) finds Goku at his house with her Dragon Ball Energy finder. Together they start a quest with Master Rochi (Chow Yun Fat), Goku’s Grandfather’s Trainer, to find the Dragon Balls before Lord Piccolo so they can save the Earth.
While true fans of manga will be shocked and appalled by the story’s modification and the anglo “Goku” who does not have a tail, viewers who are just looking for a good time at the matinee will not find any harm. The actors and actresses all seemed to be in good spirits, Yun Fat yucks it up as “Master Rochi” in his Hawaiian shirt, Bulma’s love interest Yamcha (Joon Parks, huge in Korea, unknown in America) is charming and fun as a hustlin surfer dude, and Chatwin’s Goku is pretty charming and likeable. Even Ghostbuster Ernie Hudson shows up in a brief role as a monk . Ernie Hudson is 63 years old, I can hardly believe that.
The special effects came to the aid of a slightly soft script, adding nicely to slowed down fight scenes, dynamic alien space ships, a fucking dragon, and amazing Buffy the Vampire Slayer makeup for Lord Piccolo, a demon who was imprisoned for 2,000 years and is a wee bit vengeful about it.
Spike from Buffy, is that you under there?
Overall this movie was a fun watch, coming in at 86 minutes it had amazing pacing, I also had a few laughs “with it” as opposed to “at it”. Weirdly enough I’m pretty interested in seeing the promised sequel. All in all, a better picture than “Race to Witch Mountain”, so if you’re stuck babysitting your little brother this weekend take him to see this one. It will probably rank number 10 at the box office this weekend, though it’s been very successful in Asia, but it still deserves a fair shot for being entertaining.
Author Danger BowiePosted on April 12, 2009 Categories MoviesTags Anime, boys, Buffy the Vampire Slayer, Chow Yun Fat, Dragonball, Dragonball Evolution, Fighting, Justin Chatwin, Manga, Movie Review, Movies, New, Spike, Weekend box office4 Comments on Nice going Dragonball Evolution
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Age Old Question
Age Old Question is an unfinished and now-lost genderswap fanfic by Beth Ann, where Daria meets a Jacob Lane - an idea abandoned for 'adoption' by Nick Gaston.
Daria and Jacob are immediately attracted to each other, but do their best to play it cool and “just stay friends,” a strategy that seems doomed to failure; meanwhile, Trent and Jacob are at daggers drawn after Trent stole his girlfriend Monique.
The written chapters were lost in a computer crash and the version on Paperpusher's Message Board was lost in a forum upgrade.
While it's long-lost, the fanfic is directly responsible for the ubiquity of genderswap fanfics in the fandom. The Angst Guy was inspired by this story to write his idea for a male Daria and Richard Lobinske inspired by both to write his own male Jane, John Lane; those fanfics duly inspired many others.
Retrieved from "https://dariawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Age_Old_Question&oldid=28137"
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Every once and a while I receive emails and/or comments accusing myself (and/or others who choose to engage pseudo-scientists), of arrogance. That occurred in the comments to the previous post. In addition, I recently stumbled across some notes for a response to a previous comment expressing similar sentiments.
Suric: it takes arrogance, lameness, utter self love and desperate need to be in the limelight, to come up with an idea which allows one to erase, in one stroke, anyone's attempt to question and correct.
These are the types of responses when opponents don't have any actual facts to back them up.
Let's examine the commenter's statement piece by piece...
it takes arrogance, lameness...
Who is more arrogant, those who actually plan, build and operate these missions, or those who claim they can who have not demonstrated that they can do even the basics (like calculate spacecraft trajectories, compute particle fluxes) and going so far as to claim that those who CAN do these things are 'faking the data', 'lying to protect the status-quo model', etc.?
Challenging on this leads to evasion or silence...
...utter self love and desperate need to be in the limelight...
I'm not a research-grade scientist.
However, thanks to a rather broad training in physics that I obtained as an undergraduate and graduate student, I am a sufficiently good generalist that I can do support work with sufficient accuracy and reliability to aid those who actually do research. I'm quite happy with that.
I've been criticized, told I was wasting my time, by professional scientists, for being willing to deal with the cranks and crackpots. Though there are others who've actually thanked me for addressing some of the problems created by the cranks.
If I'm doing this to get attention for me, I'm clearly doing something wrong.
Meanwhile, many pseudo-scientists attempt to harass professional scientists (the more prominent the better) in an attempt to raise their profile. Since the pseudo-scientists can't meet the standards of REAL science, this is probably their only actual accomplishments.
...to come up with an idea which allows one to erase, in one stroke, anyone's attempt to question and correct.
What most cranks, pseudo-scientists, and their supporters fail to address, is the faults in their claimed 'corrections' to the 'status-quo' model. I've yet to find one of these 'corrections' that has less severe problems than the mainstream problem they claim to correct.
Consider the Standard Solar Model. That model, as it exists today, has been developed over the past 100+ years with contributions from hundreds of individuals. While there are a few stand-out names among the contributors: Cecilia Payne, Henry Norris Russell, Hans Bethe, etc., most of their names are lost to all but those who work actively in the field.
Among pseudo-scientists, there are as many theories as there are ego-maniacs.
As I have noted before, there are, at minimum, FOUR separate, and outright contradictory Electric Sun models pushed under the "Electric Universe" banner by as many individuals, as well as loads of others lesser known. You see similar behavior in young-earth creationists, where different 'centers', ICR, CMI, AiG, etc. may utilize the same 'problems' in mainstream science, but often advocate different solutions to the problems, usually oriented around the products which they wish to sell to believers.
The proponents of each of these models are all hoping their model will 'win', but we have yet to determine:
What is the standard for 'winning'?
While each of these EU or creationist 'researchers' has their own fan club, how many other individuals are actively involved in research on any of these models, as opposed to pushing another radical variant of their own?
But the really funny part which Electric Universe supporters is even with just these four 'Electric Sun' models are so radically different from each other that the proponent of any one of them is calling all the others nonsense.
EU supporters claim these alternatives can explain such solar mysteries as:
- the solar neutrino deficit (or maybe not)
- the multi-million degree 'temperature' of the chromosphere and corona
- the acceleration of the solar wind (actually more related to the corona temperature)
Yet not only have EU 'theorists' not provided details of these theories with numerical predictions of these claimed 'successes', we have yet to see how any of these models can provide predictions of the particle environment around the Sun where we routinely fly spacecraft.
Attempts by others to answer these questions not only demonstrates that the model fails. Presentations of these facts are usually met with bizarre excuses:
"You did the computation wrong." Okay, so demonstrate the 'correct' calculation...
"It is up to mainstream science to prove our theory." So it appears EU 'theorists' want mainstream scientists to do the actual hard work while EU theorists hang around to take the credit?
"The EU model isn't sufficiently worked out yet." If your theory is insufficiently worked out that it cannot provide numerical predictions which can be compared to measurements, then such a theory is, at best, not a serious contender. At worst, it is scientific fraud. (see Electric Universe: More Confusing Claims from the EU 'Worldview')
And we still get no 'correct' calculation.
Talk about self-delusion!
Yet while Electric Sun advocates claim these 'corrections' to the Standard Solar Model explain many problems with the model, we have yet to obtain any useful quantitative predictions from these models which we can compare to actual experiments and observations. And many of these failures of these 'corrections' are things which the Standard Model does well (see also Challenges for Electric Universe Theorists).
Pseudo-science 'models' claim to explain everything, yet can predict nothing except in the most ambiguous fashion, more like the predictions of a tabloid psychic than real scientists.
And if they continue to be confronted with too many challenges which they can't answer, the pseudo-scientists will occasionally resort to claiming some technology was 'faked' (Apollo Moon landings, relativity in the GPS system, space flight in general), to extract themselves from the from the corner into which they've backed themselves. Then they have to hope none of their fans and supporters get wise to their retreat, but that's usually not that difficult...
“They are not mad. They're trained to believe, not to know. Belief can be manipulated. Only knowledge is dangerous.” -- Frank Herbert, Dune Messiah
The Real Ego-Centric Universe
I'm reminded of the great quote from Schadewald's "Worlds of their Own":
"While orthodox science has had its share of egomaniacs, unorthodox science attracts even more."
EU has never even demonstrated that they understand enough about celestial mechanics to model an interplanetary trajectory as it is developed by the professionals, much less demonstrated that they can model a similar trajectory in a solar system awash in regions of significant charge which they claim exists. Yet they still claim they are the geniuses and insinuate the people who actually do this stuff are everything from incompetents or liars.
Nature is under no obligation to conform to our expectations...
In legitimate science, we conduct experiments and work to make sure they have results that are reproducible, and predictable. This practice has made possible technologies that were not possible one hundred, or three hundred years ago. It is because we now understand, in reproducible mathematical detail, behaviors of atoms and electrons at the atomic scale (making possible the computer on which you are reading this) to the motions of objects in distant space (making possible space missions to the outer reaches of our solar system). Sometimes this means there are some problems to which real science does not have an immediate answer, which are an ongoing area of research. Sometimes the answer to the problem requires a revision to what we previously thought we understood well, but there are rigorous procedures for making that determination.
On the other hand, pseudo-science is based on the idea that the Universe must conform to the expectations and/or 'worldview' (i.e. political and/or religious ideologies) of its advocates (see Pseudoscience and 'World-View'). In this model, pseudo-scientists claim they can 'explain' any problem which exists in mainstream science, often at the expense of ignoring well-established science. Considering how many different (and competing) 'worldviews' have adopted some form of pseudo-science, or adopted some fact of established science to attack, statistically, what are the odds for ANY of them being correct?!
Which system requires more arrogance?
Posted by W.T."Tom" Bridgman at 7:34 PM
Matthew Cline said...
Two Electric Universe related questions:
1) I've sometimes seen EU proponents say that gravity is "poorly understood" or "not well understood", but I haven't been able to figure out what they mean from context; do you know what they mean? I know that gravity isn't well understood at subatomic scales, but I doubt that's what they're referring to.
2) Among those who dispute Big Bang cosmology there seems to be a lot of people who are Electric Sun proponents. Is this just confirmation bias on my part? Or maybe Electric Sun proponents are particularly active on the Internet? Or is there something about non-Big Bang cosmology that conflicts with stars being powered by fusion?
Oh, and a third question:
3) Why are Electric Comets a part of the Electric Universe? Comets have nothing whatsoever to do with cosmology.
It's rather difficult to take you seriously as a so called "skeptic" of EU/PC theory while you either willfully or ignorantly misrepresent various EU/PC concepts. For instance, you claimed this on a previous post:
"Mozina's "Birkeland" model: As I read more of Birkeland's work, it's becoming clear this model is more Mozina than Birkeland."
Your particle movement diagram of Birkeland's cathode sun model however is absolutely *incorrect*, as well as your (false) assertion that his cathode solar model is mine, or has anything to do with me personally. The cathode solar model belongs to Birkeland, and I have never tried to take credit for it, although unlike you, I have tried to understand his theory properly. You apparently never did that because Birkeland predicted that *both* types of charged particles flow from the sun, to the heliosphere, whereas you have positive ions flowing into the sun, and only negatively charged particle flowing from the sun. I simply can't take you seriously when you blatantly misrepresent the scientific theory presented by Birkeland. Either your ego is still in the way, or you simply willfully misrepresent the facts. Which is it?
Either fix your serious error, or stop pretending to be a legitimate "skeptic" of concepts that you don't even begin to understand or appreciate.
W.T."Tom" Bridgman said...
To Matthew Cline,
Until Einstein demonstrated that gravitation could be more accurately modeled in non-Euclidean geometry, gravity was just another inverse-square force law, exactly like the Coulomb force between two charges. If Electric Universe supporters want to deny general relativity (and they often do), then gravitation reverts the Newtonian model. Then what makes gravitation more 'poorly understood' than Coulomb's Law? Yet Electric Universe supporters often try to claim gravitation is fundamentally an electromagnetic phenomenon. I doubt we'll find out much about that from the Electric Universe crowd as it is just another of their word games to justify their other nonsense to their fans.
Big Bang cosmology is under attack by more than just Electric Universe. It is a target of any group that feels it jeopardizes their 'Worldview' .
Pseudoscience and 'World-View
Electric Universe: More Confusing Claims from the EU 'Worldview'.
Analysis errors such as Discordant Redshifts and Quantized redshifts are often invoked by other crank cosmologies as evidence Big Bang cosmology is wrong.
Young Earth creationists often oppose Big Bang cosmology, while some old-Earth creationists claim it to be evidence for their faith. See Is Big Bang Cosmology a 'Creationist' Model?
Go figure...
Electric comets, electric stars, electric planets, etc. are other attempts by Electric Universe advocates to make their claims all-encompasing.
To Michael Mozina,
Actually, Birkeland had THREE different solar models (The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903), pg 665).
As I noted in the comments to Electric Universe Interview @ Exposing Pseudo-Astronomy, Part 2, The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903), pg 720:
"According to our manner of looking at the matter, every star in the universe would be the seat and field of activity of electric forces of a strength that no one could imagine.
We have no certain opinion as to how the assumed enormous electric currents with enormous tension are produced, but it is certainly not in accordance with the principles we employ in technics on the earth at the present time. One may well believe, however, that a knowledge in the future of electrotechnics of the heavens would be of great practical value to our electrical engineers." [italics mine]
Birkeland admits he doesn't know how any of his stellar models would work with the understanding of electromagnetism of his day.
The revision to Maxwell's equations for which he hoped did not happen. Even Alven's MHD defines only a SUBSET of the solutions to Maxwell's equations (the subset that is consistent with fluid mechanics) so the solution is not there.
Birkeland's promotion of his terella experiments, where the ions and electrons DO travel in opposite directions, sent the message to the scientific community that that is want he meant. When you want to place 600 million volts across an ionized gas in his solar model, the notion that electrons and ions can still travel in the same direction is fiction. No amount of Birkland's statements that both types of charged particles flow away from the Sun can change that. Even Birkeland recognized these problems (NAPE, pg 668):
"It is at present not easy to see how a negative tension should be continually created by the sun in relation to space.
It is of course possible to imagine that a surplus of positive ions is always being carried away from the sun or that negative ions are always being carried towards the sun, and that the negative tension is produced in this manner; and that the balance is maintained to some extent by distinct disruptive discharges, as we have presupposed."
But imagining something is so does not make it so, a lesson that many pseudo-scientists fail to learn. While it is okay to hypothesize when knowledge is sparse, at some point the science will become sufficient to confirm the hypothesis, or rule it out. By the 1920s-1930s, the science became sufficient to rule out the solar models advocated by Birkeland, but Birkeland did not live to see this.
Considering that Birkeland honestly admitted that he could not get these ideas to work, why is Mr. Mozina resurrecting them?
The only legitimate reason might be if Mr. Mozina had actually solved those problems, but we have seen no actual scientifically rigorous evidence for this. While the mathematics Birkeland presents in NAPE (such as sections 132-136, pp 678-709) might have been fairly leading-edge for the early 1900s, it is at the level of many homework problems on charged particle motion for space physics graduate students today.
Or maybe Mr. Mozina never actually read Birkeland's work, or if he did read it, didn't really comprehend it.
So WHO is actually misrepresenting Birkeland's work?
It is absolutely astounding to me how you can write complete and utter nonsense about Birkeland’s work, while blatantly and willfully misrepresenting that work, and EU/PC theory in general. Did you actually study his work at all Tom? Birkeland did not promote nor even discuss three different solar models, just one cathode solar model. Where *exactly* on page 665 (or anywhere else in that volume) did Birkeland discuss or promote three different solar models? Be specific and quote him specifically promoting three solar models. It looks to me like you’re simply making that up! Quote him specifically or retract your patently false claim.
For anyone that is interested in getting a brief overview of Birkeland’s actual cathode solar model (singular), he gave a public lecture on his ideas in 1913 (a decade later) which was reported on by the New York Times. Anyone can read that article online for themselves.
http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9A00E0DA133BE633A25750C2A9649C946296D6CF
Do you see anything at all about three different solar models in that lecture from a decade later Tom? Please quote Birkeland specifically from the page you cited (or any other page) to support your false assertion about him ever promoting three different solar models or just retract your false claim as you should. The fact that he experimented with various charges on the sphere, various magnetic field strengths, and different textures on the sphere during his experimentation process does not mean or demonstrate that he actually promoted multiple solar models. You simply made that up. He only ever promoted a cathode solar model.
As I noted in the comments to Electric Universe Interview @ Exposing Pseudo-Astronomy, Part 2,
Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition (1902-1903), pg 720:
Um, you’re confusing two different ideas now. In that particular paragraph he is talking about the “power supply”, and he isn’t quite certain what it might be. Immediately prior to that particular paragraph however he specifically mentioned and suggested radioactivity as one potential solution, something which you simply failed to mention. Did you miss that suggestion somehow or did you just leave it out intentionally? In that in that New York Times article from 1913, Birkeland did in fact correctly predict that the sun was internally powered by a “transmutation of elements”. He correctly predicted an energy release from a transmutation of elements even before fission and fusion were fully understood. Read the article and weep Tom, you messed up that claim too. Your statement is not only false, it’s blatantly false as the NYT article will clearly demonstrate for you and all the world to see. Be honest now, did you ever even really study his work Tom?
The revision to Maxwell's equations for which he hoped did not happen.
Such revisions were never necessary however, a fact that you failed to mention. Changes to Maxwell’s equations were never absolutely necessary as you imply. It was only one potential solution/suggestion that might help to explain the ongoing discharge process. Birkeland did however propose another possible solution that was in fact later verified by satellites in space, which you yourself quoted from his work, but which you failed to acknowledge or recognize as I will demonstrate shortly.
Even Alven's MHD defines only a SUBSET of the solutions to Maxwell's equations (the subset that is consistent with fluid mechanics) so the solution is not there.
It should be noted that Alfven basically wrote the book on EU/PC theory, and he actually offered a number of alternative current flow configurations that Birkeland didn’t mention, but it turns out that Alfven’s suggestions weren’t actually necessary since one of Birkeland’s solutions was in fact later verified by solar wind measurements of continuous positive ion flow from the sun.
Birkeland's promotion of his terella experiments, where the ions and electrons DO travel in opposite directions,…..
Nope, not unless by “opposite directions’ you actually meant to say that different charged particles had either a left hand or a right hand spin as the particles come off the sphere. Your erroneous diagram of his model however is utterly wrong because it shows positive ions flowing into the sun, whereas in his experiments and in his lecture, as well as in one of his suggestions he offered, both types of ions flowed from the sun to the heliosphere/chamber walls. Strike three. You’re outa there!
….. sent the message to the scientific community that that is want he meant. When you want to place 600 million volts across an ionized gas in his solar model, the notion that electrons and ions can still travel in the same direction is fiction.
FYI,it is physically impossible for that process to be “fiction” Tom because he demonstrated it empirically in his lab in the form of ‘soot” which began to accumulate on the sides of the vacuum chamber glass walls. While investigating that “soot” phenomenon he realized that positively charged particles were being ripped from the surface of the sphere and deposited onto the sides of the chamber walls, hence the soot buildup on the glass. Your claim is fiction and it was physically falsified in 1903 in Birkeland’s very own experiments. Today we better understand that process. It’s called “sputtering”, but it was all new to Birkeland at the time, and apparently it’s still new to you personally. By the way, here’s a Wiki link for you on sputtering Tom. I suggest that you bring yourself up to speed since it’s not only “possible’, it is ‘observed both in the lab and in space:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputtering
No amount of Birkland's statements that both types of charged particles flow away from the Sun can change that
That is also false. At least one of his suggestions, as well as the discovery of sputtering does change that as I will now demonstrate from the very quote that you personally selected from Birkeland’s work, yet failed to understand or acknowledge:
Even Birkeland recognized these problems (NAPE, pg 668):
Emphasis mine. It has since been confirmed by satellites that indeed there are a surplus of positive ions coming from the sun as well as just electrons, just as he “predicted’ in 1903.
But imagining something is so does not make it so,
On the other hand, actually measuring that proposed surplus of positively charged ions in solar wind measurements as Birkeland successfully predicted in 1903 does make it so.
a lesson that many pseudo-scientists fail to learn.
How ironic that you failed to note the fact that solar wind measurements actually verified the existence of those positively charged ions that Birkeland predicted would be there, while you and the mainstream continue to this day to promote a concept that Alfven insisted was “pseudoscience” till the day that he died.
The name calling aspect just adds to the overwhelming irony considering the fact that solar wind satellites have since confirmed his probable solution and you even selected the quote yourself, yet failed to acknowledge.
While it is okay to hypothesize when knowledge is sparse, at some point the science will become sufficient to confirm the hypothesis, or rule it out.
Except in Birkland’s case, the observations of continuous positive ion flow in solar wind didn’t rule out his ideas at all. In fact those observations of positive ion flow in solar wind later confirmed one of his potential solutions. That verified potential solution that he offered also makes any changes to Maxwell’s equations completely unnecessary and irrelevant, not that you cared or noticed or mention that fact.
Satellites in space confirmed his theory that positive ions are always being carried away from the sun, just as he ‘predicted”. Today we know that process as ‘sputtering”, although sputtering wasn’t well understood in 1903. Then again, you evidently *still* don’t understand that process in 2015!
By the 1920s-1930s, the science became sufficient to rule out the solar models advocated by Birkeland, but Birkeland did not live to see this.
That statement is pure unadulterated nonsense. It wasn’t until the 1970’s that satellites in space started to confirm Birkeland’s theories, starting with the observation of “Birkeland currents’ in aurora as he predicted. Chapman was wrong and Birkeland was correct and satellites demonstrated that fact after his death. It wasn’t until we could verify the presence of positive ions flowing from the sun that his solution to his continuous particle flow ‘problem’ was eventually verified as well. You’re misrepresenting the facts Tom.
That is absolutely false. Birkeland did not claim that he could not get his ideas to work. You made that up too. That’s a complete strawman. His ideas actually functioned in the lab! What he *actually* said was that it was hard for him to be certain how it would actually work in space. However he did offer several possible solutions in 1903, one of which has since been confirmed by satellites in space, hence the ‘resurrection’ of his cathode sun theory.
The only legitimate reason might be if Mr. Mozina had actually solved those problems,
I never personally needed to solve any problems in his model Tom because Birkeland solved his own problems and he offered several potential solutions to those problems. He wrote about those potential and he was correct too. Confirmation of continuous positive ion flow from the sun (sputtering), and confirmation of a “transmutation of elements’ (fusion) ultimately solved both of Birkeland’s key problems. I didn’t need to lift a finger. He did all the work himself. It just took technological progress to be able to verify his ideas in space.
…but we have seen no actual scientifically rigorous evidence for this.
False again. You mean to tell me that you’ve never looked at solar wind data? Notice that flow of positive ions coming from the sun as Birkeland postulated/predicted in 1903? Did you simply miss that option as a potential solution to his problem, or did you willfully ignore it?
While the mathematics Birkeland presents in NAPE (such as sections 132-136, pp 678-709) might have been fairly leading-edge for the early 1900s, it is at the level of many homework problems on charged particle motion for space physics graduate students today.
Well then you apparently failed an easy homework assignment because you have the positive ions all moving in the wrong direction in your bogus diagram! Epic fail. All his particles were outbound to the heliosphere, whereas you’ve got them flowing in both directions.
It’s quite obvious now from all the blatant errors that you made in your last response that you either didn’t actually bother to read his work, or you didn’t understand it at all. Since you apparently missed the positive ion flow solution that he offered in the very quote that you selected from his work in your response, apparently it’s a comprehension problem rather than pure laziness on your part. Then again until I see some reference to a mythical second and third solar model that you claim that Birkeland promoted, I’m not sure you’ve actually even read his work, let alone read it thoroughly enough to understand it.
That would definitely be you Tom, as the NYT article and the very quote that you personally selected demonstrate rather clearly. He most certainly correctly predicted that the transmutation of elements., now known as fusion, was the power source of the sun. He also correctly predicted a constant positive ion flow from the sun which allowed for/facilitated the discharge process to continue over extended periods of time. You really stuck your foot in your mouth Tom. Congrats.
By the way Tom, there’s one more point that should be addressed in terms of ego and arrogance. EU/PC proponents aren’t complaining about the use of Newton’s (or Einstein’s) formulas by the mainstream to putter around inside of our own solar system, nor do we necessarily question the ‘ego’ or ‘arrogance’ of every mainstream scientist. Those are strawman arguments on your part.
On the other hand, it is perfectly valid to question *your* ego, and *your* arrogance when you’re spending your free time bashing other theories publically on the internet, particularly when you don’t even seem to understand the various models that are being presented. If you’re going to play the role of public skeptic, you should at least know what you’re talking about. If your grasp of EU/PC as a whole is anywhere near as poor as your understanding of Birkeland’s solar model, you deserve the criticism.
By the way Tom, I got tired of waiting for you to post my response, so I posted it here for you:
http://www.christianforums.com/threads/dealing-with-creationism-in-astronomy.7815110/page-3#post-68453903
To Mr. Mozina,
As you can see documented in Electric Universe: The Three Suns of Kristian Birkeland, Birkeland defines a minimum of three different solar electric configurations (or up to seven if you include combinations).
Two options for solar wind according to Mozina's interpretation of Birkeland:
- electrons and ions move outward from the Sun
- an electric potential of 600 million volts exists between the solar photosphere and interplanetary space.
BOTH cannot be true - it is a physical impossibility.
Opposite charges accelerate in opposite directions in an electric potential. Electrons are repelled from the negative electrode (cathode) towards the positive electrode (anode) and positive ions will accelerate in the opposite direction. That is Electromagnetism 101. Birkeland would certainly have known this, so I suspect Birkeland either planned to explore these contradictory conditions as separate models, but did not live long enough to publish clarifications, or it is one of the reasons he reports that he can't get them to work. It has little to nothing to do with particle spin. If you want to claim otherwise, you better show REAL evidence beyond YOUR interpretations of Birkeland's speculations.
Claiming the electric potential difference is powered by radioactive decay is a useless statement without describing the details of how the conversion of the energies of the decay products can be efficiently converted into the electric potential. How would an RTG (Wikipedia) form under the conditions in a solar plasma? When nuclear decay happens in nature, the charge separation due to emission of, say a beta particle (electron) get quickly neutralized by capture or extraction of charges in nearby matter.
I've solved equations like those in NAPE, and written computer codes that solve these equations for even more complex systems - electromagnetic and gravitational. If you want to complain about my math, you better have more than your excuses. Perhaps YOU should present the computation of how large of an electric potential difference can be generated by the beta decay process!
In Birkeland's terella, the sphere representing the Earth was positively charged so it would attract the electrons. Therefore positive ions in the gas, or metals sputtered off the sphere, will be repelled away from the sphere and can deposit anywhere they can pick up an available electron, such as the outer containing walls or structure of the terella (which was probably grounded making this process easier). Hence the 'soot' built up on the container, not the sphere.
That Birkeland had SOME ideas about the aurora (specifically that it was a discharge-like process of electrons, guided along the geomagnetic field lines, striking atmospheric atoms and exciting atomic energy states) that turned out to be correct does not automatically make his ideas about the Sun correct. And there are a number of errors he made about the aurora.
Section 2 of The Norwegian Aurora Polaris Expedition, which seems to have the most details of Birkeland's solar models, was completed in September of 1913 (NAPE, preface of 2nd section), some months after the February 1913 NYT article you cite. I would expect the book would have the latest in Birkeland's thinking on the topic and would have fewer distortions than a popular press article.
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U bent hier > > Werkzaamheden > Opinion Factsheet
Opinion Factsheet
Ontwikkeling van een 8e milieuactieprogramma
BGCSDADEELENESETFIFRHRHUITLTLVMTNLPLPTROSKSLSV
Opinion Number: CDR 1672/2018
Rapporteur: LAMERS Cor
Commission: ENVE
Advocate the development of an 8th Environment Action Programme (EAP);
Advocate an higher EU ambition in all relevant policy domains, especially on climate, biodiversity and environment, to achieve the aims of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);
Assess the 7th EAP;
Elaborate the main principles for developing an 8th EAP:
Assess the changed context of European environment policy and its regional and local impact;
Present proposals for the EAP to ensure policy integration;
Present proposals on funding environment and climate policies;
Recommend a place-based or area-oriented approach for the EAP;
Present proposals for a well-functioning multi-level governance framework for the 8th EAP;
Introduce a proposal for a new EAP:
Outline a new approach for the EAP;
Propose themes for the EAP;
Propose a structure for the EAP.
The European Commission has not yet presented a proposal for the 8th Environment Action Programme (EAP).
The official follow-up letter to this opinion sent by the European Commission recognised the importance of implementation as indicated by the CoR opinion and recognized the Technical Platform for Cooperation on the Environment as a good forum for dialogue. The CoR opinion proposed an enhanced role for the platform.
Coherently with the position of the CoR, the European Commission remarked the need to improve the integration of environmental and climate matters into other policy areas.
The European Commission agreed on the need for a significant quota of the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) to be dedicated to climate policy mainstreaming however it supported a 25% quota instead of the 30% proposed by the CoR. This aspect will be re-assessed at the end of the MFF negotiations.
The CoR opinion proposed five chapters for the EAP (implementation, the transitions, innovation, wider global challenges and communication). The European Commission recognized that these items are in line with the preliminary findings of the evaluation on the 7th EAP.
The topic has been raised during the hearing of the new Commissioner for Environment. Replying to a written question on the 8th EAP and zero pollution, the Commissioner stated: "(…)This is important to ensure coherence in the implementation of the EU’s environment policy, which is highly decentralised between the Union, Member States and regional and local governments, in line with the principles of subsidiarity and proportionality.(…)"
Moreover, in the opening statement of the hearing he has mentioned the 8th EAP in connection with the zero pollution action area.
These references are relevant since the CoR opinion raised the importance of the local and regional dimension of the EAP and raised the issue of pollution in multiple points.
The Council adopted conclusions on the EU's environment and climate change policies for the period 2021 - 2030. It called upon the European Commission to present at the latest by early 2020 an ambitious and focused proposal for an 8th EAP. The Council conclusions mentioned the CoR opinion. The regional dimension is mentioned in Point 7: "(…)taking into account the diversity of situations in the various regions of the Union(…)". The conclusions include elements that were present in the CoR opinion as well such as a reference to the lack of policy integration in the 7th EAP (point 4) and the impact of pollution on health (multiple points in particular 13).
The Communication on the European Green Deal in a paragraph on enforcement remarks that the environmental implementation review (EIR) will play a critical role in mapping the situation in each Member State and includes the proposal of a new EAP (in 2020) to complement the European Green Deal that will include a new monitoring mechanism. The CoR opinion also proposed a monitoring mechanism also in connection with the EIR process.
The preparation of a new EAP seems certain and this in general was one of the basic proposals of the CoR opinion. Further analyses will be possible once the actual proposal is presented.
THE EUROPEAN COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS
- Points out that the EU must show a higher ambition in all relevant policy domains, especially on climate, biodiversity and environment, to achieve the aims of the Paris Agreement and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs);
- Calls on the European Commission, the Council and the Parliament to develop an 8th EAP;
- Points out that although the 7th EAP has identified better implementation as a key priority, insufficient implementation remains a significant problem. Supports effective implementation of the acquis. Argues that local and regional authorities (LRAs) are not given the necessary instruments in practice. In most cases the European and national levels have the appropriate resources and should therefore bear the responsibility for paying fines for non-compliance;
- Strongly believes that the 8th EAP should ensure policy integration;
- Supports more synergies between funding sources and stronger links between public and private financing. Welcomes the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) proposal with its focus on sustainable development and integrating environment policy into all budget headings, however calls for over 30% of the budget reserved for climate policy mainstreaming;
- Advocates a holistic place-based or area-oriented approach;
- Calls for a multi-level governance framework. Believes in incentives for over-performing;
- Proposes that the 8th EAP present an EU strategy to promote healthy living for all;
- Proposes a lean clean 8th EAP, with five main chapters: implementation, the transitions, innovation, wider global challenges and communication;
- Calls on the 8th EAP to further enhance the Technical Platform for Cooperation on the Environment established by the ENVE Commission and DG Environment; proposes to establish a network of ambassadors within the Platform to promote the implementation of the environment legislation at all levels of governance, complementing in this way the EIR and TAIEX;
- Proposes to focus more on the implementation aspects/challenges in the EU environment policies via CoR opinions as well as the work of the future regional hubs in order to address the gaps and find tailor-made solutions.
8th Environment Action Programme - Council adopts conclusions
The Council adopted conclusions on the EU's environment and climate change policies for the period 2021 - 2030. It calls upon the European Commission to present at the latest by early 2020 an ambitious and focused proposal for an 8th Environment Action Programme (EAP).
The Council conclusions mention the CoR opinion.
The regional dimension is mentioned in Point 7: "(…)taking into account the diversity of situations in the various regions of the Union(…)".
The conclusions include elements that were present in the CoR opinion as well such as a reference to the lack of policy integration in the 7th EAP (point 4) and the impact of pollution on health (multiple points in particular 13).
Text of the conclusions: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/media/40927/st12795-2019.pdf
Press release Council conclusions on 8th EAP
Green Week session
The future of environment policy – better integration & implementation at local & regional level – organised by the CoR with Mr Lamers (NL/EPP).
The evaluation of the 7th Environment Action Programme (EAP) ended. It is now necessary to plan for the future work. CoR organised a session at the 2019 Green Week to discuss how to improve the implementation of EU environmental policy at local and regional level.
Recording available here: https://www.eugreenweek.eu/en/session/the-future-of-environment-policy-better-integration-implementation-at-local-regional-level
This session was organized immediately after a session of DG Environment presenting the conslusions of the evaluation of the 7th EAP.
https://www.eugreenweek.eu/en/session/evaluation-of-the-7th-eap-building-on-lessons-learnt-to-create-our-future-environment-policy
Green Week session on the future of environment policy
Publication of Evaluation of the 7th Environment Action Programme
The evaluation of the 7th Environment Action Programme (EAP) has been published.
Materials available here; http://ec.europa.eu/environment/action-programme/evaluation.htm
The following day the evlauation ahs been discussed at a session of the Green Week. Recording available here: https://www.eugreenweek.eu/en/session/evaluation-of-the-7th-eap-building-on-lessons-learnt-to-create-our-future-environment-policy
Evaluation of the 7th EAP
Evaluation of the 7th Environment Action Programme
From the website of DG Environment:
In summary, the Action Programme has been an important governance tool with a useful and relevant 2050 vision to guide environment policy across the European Union. It has created strong links to national strategies, and thus enabled faster and better-coordinated actions. The 7th EAP has facilitated an important shift in policy-making by recognising that climate and environmental protection is a driver for green growth, a healthy planet and improved wellbeing for individuals. The consensus built around the 7th EAP has enabled the EU to speak with one voice in international environment negotiations. However, stakeholders believe that more attention is needed to fully integrate environmental concerns in other policy areas, and that the 7th EAP could have benefitted from stricter prioritisation, and a dedicated monitoring mechanism. The findings of this evaluation will inform future decisions about a successor environment action programme.
Further information available at the following webpage: https://ec.europa.eu/environment/action-programme/evaluation.htm
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Mavrik, part 3
"Don't throw it in the dirt!" said Mavrik urgently. Mitch was about to let go of the sheep carcass, but he dragged it away from the edge instead. He jumped from the tray of the battered old truck and hefted the meat onto his shoulder.
"I hope I don't do my back in," he muttered, then threw it onto the sheet beside the other carcass. "Dinner is served," he said with a deep bow.
Mavrik eyed the two small, dressed carcasses. "That doesn't look like much."
"Alex says you're getting fat from eating and not moving."
"There's nothing wrong with that."
Mitch opened his mouth, but a noise overhead distracted him. They looked up and saw an oddly shaped aircraft pass over on its way to the airport. It disappeared behind a row of trees and Mitch sighed. "Shuttle from an interplanetary freighter."
Mavrik had no idea what Mitch meant, but he knew that look. "You'll be following one." Mitch looked at him in surprise. "Alex told me you're thinking of leaving your home. It is a hard thing to do, this travelling with no hope of return. You don't realise how hard it is until you reach your destination."
"You found your way back, so I won't have a problem."
"A week ago I knew I wasn't going back."
"Are you ready for your trip?"
Mavrik flexed his wing and looked at the scar. "It feels stiff, but the pains have gone. That's an impressive scar."
"Will it impress the lady dragons?"
"Males!" exclaimed Alex from the door. Mitch and Mavrik started guiltily. "You're the same across species! I don't believe it." She stalked into the stable. "Wing," she demanded. Mavrik unfurled his wing again so she could examine it. "Does this hurt? This?" Mavrik answered 'no' each time she pressed at a point. "Good. You're ready to go back," she pronounced. "Eat."
Mavrik started on the two carcasses in a subdued manner.
Alex joined Mitch outside. He was pretending to look at something in the distance so he wouldn't have to meet her eye. "Are you definite about leaving?"
"Yes." He was relieved that she wasn't going to go on about what he had said in the stable. "There's nothing to keep me here."
"Really?"
He looked at her silently, then said "No, but this came from the Planetary Council yesterday." He pulled a letter from his pocket and handed it to her.
She read it and gaped at him. "Banned? They can't do that! You haven't even accepted the job with Sector Law. 'Affected by alien influences' indeed." She screwed the letter into a ball. "Xenophobic bastards."
"Looks like I have to leave even if I don't take the job." Mitch took the letter from her. "Mav! We need some fire out here." A long tongue of blue flame shot from the door. Mitch threw the paper ball into the flame. It vanished in an instant. "Thanks!" They stood silently in the sun and listened to Mavrik eat.
Pen rode into the yard and brought Mitch's bike to a stop in front of them. "This thing is fun! I should buy one."
"You'll lose your 'crazy old gardener' image," said Mitch.
Pen sighed and nodded. "Ah well. How is the patient?"
"He's fine," said Alex. "All he needs is a week of rest, then he'll be 100 percent, apart from the scar," she turned to Mitch, "which will impress the women."
Mitch coughed and looked away.
"Good!" said Pen. He paused in thought. "Yes," he said slowly. "I remember looking after him."
Mavrik appeared at the door, munching on the last of the meat. "How can you remember what is yet to happen?"
"It hasn't happened to you, but it has happened to me," explained Pen. "Getting your head around it is one of the problems with time travel. One more thing," he added. "You must never tell me-then about me-now."
The three just blinked at him. Finally Mavrik said "What?"
"When you get back," explained Pen patiently, "Don't talk about what you have seen here."
"Oh," said Mavrik eventually. "Why?"
"It will be bad."
"Time paradoxes!" said Mitch suddenly.
"Exactly!" exclaimed Pen. "This is why I can't tell... No, sorry. Forget that."
"Forget what?" asked Alex.
"Time paradoxes?" asked Mavrik.
"Hang on-" began Mitch.
Pen waved them to silence. He took a deep breath and let it out slowly. "Right. Are you ready Mavrik?"
"Yes." He turned to Mitch and Alex. "Thank you for your help. Usually I would give you a gift, but I have nothing here."
"Just seeing a real dragon was pretty good," said Mitch.
Alex stepped forward and rubbed his neck. "Look after yourself, and avoid ballistas." She turned to Pen. "Do you have all your stuff?"
"What stuff?" wondered Pen.
"Staff, cloak, pointy hat- stuff like that."
"Oh! I don't need those any more," said Pen dismissively. "That was just stuff. Stand away, Alex."
Alex and Mitch moved away from the wizard and the dragon. "Good luck," said Mitch. Alex waved silently.
A cold wind sprang up from nowhere and was gone in an instant. Mavrik leapt in the air with his wings outstretched and roared. He flashed with light and was gone, leaving behind a sculpture of fog that dissipated in the warm air. There was a loud peal of thunder.
The last echoes rumbled away long before anyone spoke. "I wish I could see dragons again," said Mitch.
"Yeah," sighed Alex.
Pen went to the truck and retrieved his walking stick. He hunched over and leaned on the cane. The crazy old gardener was back. "Dragons, yes. That's nice. Dragons there used to be. I saw one once, I did. Me. Hee hee hee."
"Shut up," said Mitch. He smiled suddenly. "We know your name."
The mid-day sun heated the parade ground of the keep. People dozed in the shade; some knights sat beside a ballista and chatted idly, their armour on the ground near their feet.
An icy wind sprang up, blowing dust, straw and frightened chickens away from the centre of the yard. There was a crack of thunder and from nowhere came a dragon roaring with its wings outstretched. It dropped to the ground and shook frost from its body, then looked around the yard. The frightened people huddled against the keep walls.
Mavrik saw the knights and the ballista, and stalked over to them. One knight grabbed for a sword, but Mavrik was too fast for him. He knocked the human down and pinned him there with a hand. "Move away," he said to the others and drew a deep breath. They ran as he flamed the ballista until it was blazing.
He picked up the frightened knight and looked at him. "I know you! You're the one who called me a coward."
The knight swallowed. "Ah-ha ha!"
Mavrik put him down, and gestured at the ruined ballista. "You call me a coward, yet you tried to kill me with that." He scowled at the rest of the knights. "Well, I'm back," he growled. "And I am pissed off!"
Without another word he leaped into the air and flew off, heading for an island in the middle of the fens.
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City of Trenton, NJ
Ch 2 Administration
Ch 6 Air Pollution
Ch 10 Alcoholic Beverages
Ch 14 Traffic
Ch 17 Amusements
Ch 25 Auctioneers
Ch 38 Brush, Grass and Weeds
Ch 42 Building Construction
Ch 46 Buildings, Numbering of
Ch 53 City Hall
Ch 54 City-Owned Property
Ch 56 Commercial Structures
Ch 57 Contracts, Public
Ch 58 Curfew
Ch 62 Deeds, Recording of
Ch 68 Dry-Cleaning and Laundry Facilities
Ch 69 Employment Commission
Ch 70 Ethics, Board of
Ch 77 Fees
Ch 81 Fiber Optic Cable Installation
Ch 85 Firearms and Weapons
Ch 89 Fire Hydrants
Ch 93 Fire Insurance Claims
Ch 105 Flag, Official
Ch 109 Flood Damage Prevention
Ch 113 Food Handling
Ch 118 Games of Chance
Ch 123 Graffiti
Ch 127 Hazardous Materials Cleanup
Ch 132 Housing Standards
Ch 137 Junkyard and Scrap Metal Sales
Ch 142 Library
Ch 146 Licensing
Ch 150 Littering
Ch 154 Loitering
Ch 154 Art I Loitering for Prostitution Purposes
§ 154-1 Definitions.
§ 154-2 Regulations.
§ 154-3 Violations and penalties.
Ch 154 Art II Gang Loitering
§ 154-4 Police procedure.
§ 154-5 Policy, procedures and area designations to be promulgated.
Ch 158 Meeting Halls
Ch 163 Mutual Aid
Ch 171 Nuisances
Ch 176 Parades
Ch 180 Parental Responsibility
Ch 184 Parking Lots
Ch 185 Parking Surcharge
Ch 188 Parking Meters
Ch 193 Parks and Recreation Areas
Ch 197 Pawnbrokers
Ch 201 Peace and Good Order
Ch 206 Peddling, Soliciting and Itinerant Vendors
Ch 211 Police Chaplains
Ch 213 Precious Metals and Gems
Ch 215 Property, Abandoned
Ch 217 Railroad Crossings
Ch 222 Rent Control
Ch 223 Retirement
Ch 226 Sales, Special
Ch 230 Sick Leave for Private Employees
Ch 237 Slaughterhouses
Ch 248 Solid Waste
Ch 252 Special Improvement Districts and Zones
Ch 254 Stormwater Management
Ch 268 Taxation
Ch 272 Taxicabs and Limousines
Ch 277 Telephones, Public Pay
Ch 280 Tobacco and Nicotine-Delivery Products
Ch 283 Towing and Storage
Ch 287 Trees
Ch 292 Vehicles, Abandoned
Ch 300 Vehicles, Motorized
Ch 305 Vehicles, Unattended
Ch 312 Yard Waste
Ch 315 Zoning and Land Development
Ch A316 Rules of Procedure
Ch A317 Cable Television Franchise
Derivation Table
Ch DT Derivation Table
New Laws (42) Index Notes (1)
Agendas Budgets Legislation Minutes Misc. Documents Resolutions
City of Trenton, NJ / The Code
Chapter 154 Loitering
[HISTORY: Adopted by the City Council of the City of Trenton as indicated in article histories. Amendments noted where applicable.]
Peace and good order — See Ch. 201.
Article I Loitering for Prostitution Purposes
Article II Gang Loitering
[Adopted 9-7-1967 as § 3-33 of the Revised General Ordinances]
For the purpose of this article, the following terms, words and phrases shall have the meanings given herein:
LOITERING
Standing, lingering or moving around through any place open to the public in a manner and under circumstances manifesting the specific intent of inducing, enticing or procuring another to commit an act of prostitution. Among the circumstances which may be considered are repeatedly stopping and/or attempting to stop motor vehicles and/or pedestrians by waving arms or other bodily gestures.
Support, aid and/or assist.
Sexual activity with another person in exchange for something of value, or the offer or acceptance of an offer made in or within view of a public place to engage in sexual activity in exchange for something of economic value.
Any place to which the public has access, including but not limited to a public street, road, thoroughfare, sidewalk, bridge, alley, plaza, park, recreation or shopping area, public transportation facility, vehicle used for public transportation, parking lot, public library or any other public building, structure or area.
Includes but is not limited to sexual intercourse, including genital-genital, oral-genital and oral contact, whether between persons of the same or opposite sex; masturbation; touching of the genitals, buttocks or female breasts; sadistic or masochistic abuse and other deviant sexual relations.
SOLICIT
To invite and/or obtain by asking or pleading through words or gestures addressed to a particular individual to perform an act or activity.
The following regulations are established to prohibit loitering which is specifically performed to encourage, promote, solicit, patronize and/or induce, entice or procure another to commit an act of prostitution:
No person, whether on foot or in a motor vehicle, shall:
Wander, remain or prowl in a public place with the purpose of committing a prostitution offense as defined herein.
Engage in conduct that, where warranted under the circumstances, may be deemed to manifest a purpose to procure, solicit or patronize prostitution, including but not limited to:
Repeatedly beckoning to or stopping pedestrians or motorists in a public place.
Repeatedly circling in a public place in a motor vehicle in an area where prostitution offenses commonly occur.
Persons found to be in violation of the provisions of this article shall be subject to the general penalty as provided in Chapter 1, Article III, General Penalty, of the Code of the City of Trenton.
[Adopted 7-19-2005 by Ord. No. 05-88]
Whenever a police officer observes a member of a criminal street gang engaged in gang loitering with one or more persons in any public place designated under § 154-5 of this article, the police officer shall, subject to all applicable procedures promulgated by the Police Director:
Inform all such persons that they are engaged in gang loitering within an area in which loitering by groups containing criminal street gang members is prohibited;
Order all such persons to disperse and remove themselves from the designated area at which the order was issued;
Inform those persons that they will be subject to arrest if they fail to obey the order promptly or engage in further loitering, within the next three hours, within the designated place at which the order was issued.
The Police Director shall, by written directive, designate areas of the City in which the Police Director has determined that enforcement of this article is necessary because criminal gang loitering has enabled criminal street gangs to establish control over identifiable areas in order to intimidate others from entering those areas or to conceal illegal activities in detriment to the public good and safety. Prior to making a determination under this subsection, the Police Director shall consult, as he/she deems appropriate, with persons who are knowledgeable about the effects of gang activity in areas in which this article may be enforced. Such persons may include, but need not be limited to, members of the Trenton Police Department with special training and/or experience related to criminal street gangs, elected and appointed officials of the area, community-based organizations, and members of the CPAC community groups. The Police Director shall develop and implement procedures for the periodic review and update of designations made under this subsection.
The Police Director shall, by written directive, promulgate policy and procedure to prevent the enforcement of this article against persons who are engaged in collective advocacy activities that are protected by the Constitution of the United States or the State of New Jersey.
As used in this article, the following terms shall have the meanings indicated:
CRIMINAL GANG ACTIVITY
The commission, attempted commission or solicitation of the following offenses, provided that the offenses are committed by two or more persons, or by an individual at the direction of or in association with, any criminal street gang with the specific intent to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct commonly engaged in by criminal street gang members. The following is a listing of such activity under the New Jersey Code of Criminal Justice:
2C:11-2 Homicide; 2C:13-1 Kidnapping; 2C:13-2 Criminal Restraint; 2C:12-lb Aggravated Assault (Firearm); 2C:28-5 Tampering with Witnesses; 2C:15-1 Robbery (Home Invasion); 2C:33-28 Gang Recruitment, Threats, Intimidation; 2C:18-2 Burglary; 2C:35-1 Controlled Dangerous Substances; 2C:35-3 Leader of Narcotics Trafficking Network; 2C:35-4 Maintaining or Operating a Controlled Dangerous Substance House or Facility; 2C:35-4.1 Fortified Premises; 2C:35-6 Employing a Juvenile in Drug Distribution; 2C:35-7 CDS within 1,000 feet of School; 2C:35-10 Possession of CDS; 2C:17-1 Arson; 2C:39-3 Possession of Firearms and all subsections; 2C:39-6 Possession of Explosives; 2C:39-4 Possession of Weapons (Firearms) for Unlawful Purpose; 2C:39-13 Unlawful Use of Bulletproof Vest. All subsections of the statutes listed apply as well as those that were mentioned specifically.
CRIMINAL STREET GANG
Any ongoing organization, association, in fact or group, of three or more persons, having as one of its activities the commission of one or more criminal acts enumerated herein, and whose members individually, or collectively, engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity.
GANG LOITERING
Remaining in any one place under circumstances that would warrant a reasonable person to believe that the purpose or effect of that behavior is to enable a criminal street gang to establish control over identifiable areas, to intimidate others from entering such areas, or to conceal illegal activities of which criminal street gangs engage in daily causing an extreme danger to the public at large.
PATTERN OF CRIMINAL GANG ACTIVITY
Two or more acts of criminal gang activities of which at least two such acts were committed within five years of each other.
The public way and any other location open to the public, whether publicly or privately owned.
Any person violating any provision of this article shall, upon conviction, be subject to a maximum penalty for such violation of one or more of the following:
A fine not exceeding $1,250.
Imprisonment in the county jail for a period not exceeding 90 days.
A period of community service not exceeding 90 days.
Any person convicted of a subsequent violation of this article within a one-year period shall be fined an additional amount as a repeat offender. The additional fine shall not exceed $1,250 and shall be in addition to, and calculated separately from, the fine imposed for the violation of the article.
Any person in default of the payment of any fine imposed may be imprisoned in the county jail for a term not exceeding 90 days or be required to perform community service for a period not exceeding 90 days.
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About Editors Kingston
Events 2016-17
Events 2015–16
Events Fall 2017
Events Winter–Spring 2018
Month October 2017
Coming Up November 8: Editing Indigenous Writers, with Rick Revelle
October 30, 2017 November 6, 2017 Elizabeth d'Anjou Leave a comment
Rick Revelle is the author of three YA novels—I Am Algonquin (2013), Algonquin Spring (2015), and Algonquin Sunset (2017). Published by Dundurn Press, the books recount the adventures of a fourteenth-century young Algonquin man named Mahningan.
Revelle didn’t even know he had native heritage until he was in his thirties, when a relative’s off-hand remark startled him with the news, he told the Whig-Standard in 2015. The discovery sent him on a research quest to find out all he could about Algonquin culture, both present and past. His books are a way of sharing that knowledge.
Rick will be our guest at Editors Kingston on November 8 to talk about his unique vision as a writer, his experiences of being edited, and what knowledge and skills editors need to work with Indigenous writers.
His visit coincides with a growing interest throughout the Canadian publishing community in editing Indigenous writing. Editors Canada’s 2017 conference featured a keynote adress by Cherie Dimaline and a panel discussion of Indigenous writers and editors; Humber College’s Indigenous Editors Circle workshop sold out all 50 spots; and Greg Younging’s The Elements of Indigenous Style, due out this winter from Brush Education, is generating media buzz already. (A recent workshop at Editors BC previewed Younging’s book; member Iva Cheung has posted an excellent summary on her blog.)
“Working with indigenous manuscripts,” Cherie Dimaline told her Editors Canada audience, said, “requires craft, skill, and respect.” We’re looking forward to taking more steps toward acquiring these on November 8!
Rick will also bring books for sale (remember to bring cash so you can shop).
We meet at the usual place and time:
Ongwanada Resource Centre, 191 Portsmouth Avenue
7 to 9 p.m. (Doors open at 6:30)
Light refreshments
Both Editors Canada members and non-members welcome
Make Word Work for YOU: Hands-on Workshop November 18
“I just love Microsoft Word!” said nobody, ever. But after taking Adrienne’s workshop, you might end up liking Word (just a little bit).
Don’t miss this great opportunity to improve your mastery of the tool most editors use every day. Learn tips and tricks to work more efficiently and effectively from Kingston’s own editing tech guru Adrienne Montgomerie, take home a comprehensive handbook (including links to video tutorials), and enjoy the opportunity to network over a tasty lunch.
Check out the details in this post.
Then hurry up and register! Space is limited.
Talking Editing with Merilyn Simonds & Wayne Grady—October Meeting Report
October 19, 2017 October 30, 2017 Elizabeth d'Anjou Leave a comment
Merilyn Simonds and Wayne Grady (centre) answer questions and sign books after their presentation at the October 11 twig gathering.
by Greg Murphy
Sharing a room with Wayne and Merilyn, two of Canada’s top literary talents and guests at our October 11 meeting, I gladly opened my mind to learn how to be a better editor.
Kingston-based authors and life partners Wayne Grady and Merilyn Simonds have between them penned more than thirty fiction and non-fiction works for adults and young readers. Over the span of forty years, their writing has been published by giants Doubleday Canada, Macfarlane Walter & Ross, McClelland & Stewart, and others, and sold around the world. Wayne is also an award-winning translator. I would list their accumulated awards and accolades here—but they won’t all fit.
At the Editors Kingston October gathering, they offered us an intimate peek into their lives as writers, touching upon why they value good editors and what qualities they look for in them; they’ve worked with some of the best—Ellen Seligman, Jan Walter, and Nita Pronovost, to name a few. Merilyn’s opening remarks were well received by the company of sharp eyes and tuned ears: “To me, editors are essential. I rely on editors to pull me out of creating to remind me what I’m doing.”
Writers, she said, are so involved in the process of creating that they often don’t have room in their mind to be keenly aware of correctness, clarity, and consistency. Merilyn’s message served to remind that a writer has a starkly different job than an editor’s—writers are responsible for creation; editors, for editing. Merilyn said, “The best editors don’t have opinions but rather help a writer with her vision.” She added that every writer has different needs—that a good editor can still be the wrong one. (Indeed, she told one tale of trying to work with an editor who was so very wrong for the project at hand that many in the audience gasped audibly at some of the details.)
Merilyn values editors who’ll push her to write better, someone who’ll not only notice the holes and know how to help her fill them but also notice “the meat” and know how to help her expand upon it. “A good editor, to me, is someone who can explain the points of craft—and who is loyal. Loyalty is very important.”
Her description of the almost superhuman dedication and work ethic of Ellen Seligman, with whom she worked on several books, confirmed all the stories any follower of Canadian publishing has heard. “She wouldn’t even give me Christmas Day off,” Merilyn chuckled.
Wayne began his portion of the night by recounting his experience working with editors on his acclaimed debut novel, Emancipation Day, published in 2013 by Doubleday Canada. His inspiration for the novel arrived after learning the startling truth about his family: his father was black, and perhaps didn’t want his family to know. Having decided to fictionalize the story, Wayne, who until then had been a non-fiction writer, found himself unable to know where to draw the line. The novel’s first draft almost reached a thousand pages and encompassed a story told over a century. It even featured a cameo of “Victor Hugo in Vietnam.” Wayne knew he needed help to focus it. He finally found that help when Nita Pronovost read the manuscript and promptly ticked off three specific areas that needed his attention in order for it to work.
“The ability not only to see what is wrong with the book but also to tell you specifically what is wrong is worth an editor’s weight in gold,” Wayne said. “An editor also should be able to read a book five times but read it each time as though it were the first.”
Emancipation Day ended up a novel of 336 pages that focuses on the story of a complicated love between a black musician passing as white, his wife, and his father. It was long-listed for the Scotiabank Giller Prize in 2013 and claimed the 2013 Amazon.ca First Novel Award.
Coming Up Next: Editing Indigenous Texts, with Rick Revelle
For our next gathering, on November 8, we’ll be hosting indigenous writer Rick Revelle, who authored the bestselling YA books I Am Algonquin (2013), Algonquin Spring (2015), and Algonquin Sunset (2017), published by Dundurn Press. He’ll be sharing with us his experiences, including working with non-indigenous editors.
Seminar November 18: Make MS Word Work for YOU!
On Saturday, November 8, Adrienne Montgomerie will be teaching our Fall Seminar, Make MS Word work for YOU. Bring a laptop and join in as she shows how editors can get the best out of Word so that they can focus on more meaningful tasks.
Register at www.editors.ca/twig/Kingston .
For more information, see this post or email Elizabeth: elizabeth@danjou.ca.
Coming Up: Make MS Word Work for YOU
October 10, 2017 January 5, 2018 Elizabeth d'Anjou Leave a comment
A Hands-On Workshop on Saturday, November 18
After taking this workshop, you might even end up liking Word! (Maybe just a little bit.)
Are you slogging through revising documents onscreen, giving your fingers more of a workout than your brain? Do you find making edits in Word time-consuming and annoying, a drain on your focus and creativity?
Expert instructor Adrienne Montgomerie shows you how to level up your Word game and lighten your workload. Get the software to do the heavy lifting, so you can focus on the meatier issues in your writing or editing project! Learn skills that make editing faster, more accurate, and efficient.
During the course, you will be guided through the steps on your own familiar laptop. There will be opportunities to practice and trouble-shoot. Coffee and lunch breaks will give you time to network and process what you’ve learned.
Workshop Topics
Get the most out of Track Changes.
Speed up editing with shortcuts and customizations.
Make formatting a snap with Styles.
Automate complicated or tedious tasks with macros.
Use wildcards to turbo-boost the search-and-replace function.
Registrants will be surveyed before the course to determine which topics they most want to focus on. Any material not covered in the workshop will be included in a 100-page handout with demo video support, so you can keep learning on your own time and review what we covered when it comes time to put it to use.
Registration is limited to 25 people.
Mac or Windows laptop loaded with MS Word—preferably Word 365 or Word 2016, though efforts will be made to support a couple of versions prior. (Note: For this workshop to be useful, you must have a version of Word that includes track changes and comments. Web-based programs such as Open Office are not sufficient.)
Good understanding of basic Word functions such as menus and ribbons, cut, copy, paste, undo, save as, spellcheck, bold, italic, and indenting.
Good fundamental computer skills such as mousing, keyboard navigation, and file management.
Good night’s sleep and confidence that you can make Word work for you!
About the Instructor
Adrienne M ontgomerie has been teaching people to make nice with Word since 2003. This specialized editors’ course has been a sellout since she first offered it in 2012. She is a Certified Copyeditor and a 20-year veteran of freelance editing. She used to work mainly on high school science materials, earning her the moniker of scieditor, and today she can be found on the roster of Canada’s largest remaining publishers when she’s not teaching and writing about editing. Right Angels and Polo Bears is her home base.
When: Saturday, November 18, 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Where: Tett Centre, Kingston
Instructor: Adrienne Montgomerie
Early-bird price (until October 20):
$160 Editors Canada members
$140 student affiliates
Regular price (after October 20):
Includes lunch by Epicurious!
Click here to register now!
For additional information, contact Elizabeth d’Anjou at elizabeth@danjou.ca or Nancy Wills at nancwills@gmail.com
For more about Editors Kingston, see www.editorskingston.org
Editors Kingston is a part of Editors Canada, Canada’s national professional editing organization.
Keyboard photo by John Ward. Used through Creative Commons licence.
Coming Up October 11: Authors Talk Editing—Merilyn Simonds & Wayne Grady
October 4, 2017 October 5, 2017 Elizabeth d'Anjou Leave a comment
Well-known Kingston-area writers Merilyn Simonds and Wayne Grady will discuss how the editorial process and relationships with editors, agents, and publishers have changed over their 40 years as authors. They’ll also describe their work as mentors/editors to emerging writers.
Merilyn Simonds is the author of 17 books, including a Canadian classic, The Convict Lover. Her most recent book, Gutenberg’s Fingerprint: Paper, Pixels & the Lasting Impression of Books, explores the digital shift and how we read today.
Wayne Grady is the author of 14 books, the translator of 15 novels, and the editor of 11 anthologies. His first novel, Emancipation Day, won the 2013 Amazon.ca First Novel Award.
Wayne and Merilyn co-authored Breakfast at the Exit Café: Travels Through America.
Join us for an intimate look at the Canadian publishing scene.
The speakers will have books for sale; bring cash and get your CanLit fix straight from the author!
We meet October 11 at the usual place and time:
Fall Seminar
Don’t forget to register for our fall seminar with twig founder and editing tech guru Adrienne Montgomerie!
Do you often find yourself slogging through tedious editing tasks onscreen, thinking “There must be a better way”?
Have you sometimes suspected that some advanced features of Word (such as Styles, Macros, and Wildcards) might be useful to you, but feel intimidated by them?
Would you like to edit more efficiently and accurately?
Make MS Word work for you for a change, so you can focus on the real editing issues.
The workshop includes a 100-page handout with demo video support and lunch by Epicurious.
Download the poster and spread the word!
How I Read My Summer Vacation—September Meeting Report
by Greg Murphy and Elizabeth d’Anjou
The theme to kick off the year at our September meeting was “How I Read My Summer Vacation.” At times we laughed, at times we sighed, as we recounted the books with which we enriched our minds in spare moments. Some of us read non-stop while others read hardly at all (or, as some editors in attendance put it, “only when paid to do so”).
Everyone had been encouraged to bring a book they read that related to work and one they had read for pleasure. Ellie carefully recorded all the picks (and posted the list to the Editors Kingston Facebook group). A few examples of the work-related books presented:
the new edition (seventeenth!) of the Chicago Manual of Style and an old Louis Menand New Yorker article, still hilarious fifteen years after its publication, about the fifteenth edition
the classic On Writing Well by William Zinsser
the guide by Editors Canada’s own Marion Soublière, Getting Work with the Federal Government
You Are a Badass, a guide to career and life subtitles How to Stop Doubting Your Greatness and Start Living an Awesome Life, by Jen Sincero
Write No Matter What, in which author Joli Jensen runs through and all-too-familiar list of barriers to writing and proposes tools to work around and through them
The exercise helped members reconnect, to shake off that isolation some of us might have felt at times over the summer.
It also gave us a lovely way to get to know some first-time attendees: Beth Bedore, an Editors Canada member for some years but new to the Kingston twig “just down the road” from her home in Belleville, who enjoyed Nike, Nurses, and Neon: The Ancient Greek and Latin Words We Use Every Day, by Nigel P. Brown, and newcomers Brenda (The Life and Death of the Great Lakes, by Dan Egan), “twig Facebook groupie” Jenn (Open Veins of Latin America, by Eduardo Galeano), and John (Killers of the Flower Moon, by David Grann).
A Warm Welcome Home
The group welcomed home long-time friend of the twig Bob MacKenzie from the prestigious Summer Literary Seminars, held this year in Tbilisi, Georgia, where he, with Kingston poet Meg Freer, shared his writing talents with the world. (He and Meg created a blog with stories & photos from their adventures.)
We’ve packed our fall program!
At our gathering next month, Wednesday, October 11, well-known Kingston authors Merilyn Simonds and Wayne Grady will join us to discuss how the past forty years have changed the editorial process and relationships between author and editor, agent, and publisher. Merilyn and Wayne will also talk about mentoring emerging writers.
On Wednesday, November 8, we’ll be hosting Algonquin author Rick Revelle, writer of the three young adult novels I Am Algonquin (2013), Algonquin Spring (2015), and Algonquin Sunset (2017) for Dundurn Press. He’ll be talking to us about the skills we need to work with Indigenous writers.
Our Seasonal Social will be on Wednesday, December 13. Watch this space for details.
Download our fall program flyer and share it around!
Make Microsoft Word work for you for a change!
Adrienne Montgomerie will deliver the workshop Microsoft Word for Editors on Saturday, November 18. She’ll be teaching everything editors need to know to make Word work for them (for a change!), so you won’t want to miss out. See the twig web page for more details.
Claim your spot early to get a fee discount: Until October 13, Editors Canada members pay $160; non-members pay $195. After October 13, Editors Canada members pay $185; non-members pay $220.
The workshop will be held at the Tett Centre, 370 King Street, Kingston, Ontario, from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
Download the flyer/poster here.
Please help us spread the word wherever and whenever you can!
Announcements & Business
Elizabeth opened the evening with a few announcements:
Nancy Wills has stepped down from the role as twig co-coordinator after many years of service, including managing the money and filing reports to national—and bringing meeting munchies! She was warmly thanked in absentia. Nancy plans to continue as an active Twig member and volunteer.
The Editors Canada mentorship program is now up and running! Members and student affiliates can apply to have or be a mentor. Mentorships focus on whatever area(s) both parties agree on; someone could even be both a mentor in one area and a mentee in another.
Check out the new Editors Canada webinar series! First up are macros and breaking the rules.
Ellie led a discussion about a possible new policy of charging a small fee (in the neighbourhood of $5) to non-members who attend Twig gatherings. (Attendance would continue to be free for members and student affiliates of Editors Canada.) This would help cover our upkeep (room fees, honoraria for guest speakers ,snacks and drinks, etc.). However, it’s important to the twig leadership that everyone feel welcomed. Most of the comments, from both members and vistors, were in favour of the policy—with some suggestions for tweaks and exceptions. We’ll bring up the issue on the Facebook page and perhaps another meeting before making a final decision.
Film Editing with Clarke Mackey
“Complementary Pairs” and “Back to the Future”
Fun with Hard-Copy Marks
POSTPONED: Shelley Tanaka Talks Children’s Books
Elizabeth d'Anjou on Upcoming Seminar: Microsoft Wo…
Cameron Brown on Upcoming Seminar: Microsoft Wo…
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@JasonKenney on Twitter, a Virginia man, is hearing from angry Albertans
Posted on January 9, 2021 by Eddy
EDMONTON — Jason Kenney is in the United States sending out tweets about his cabinet; not Alberta premier Jason Kenney, but a man who shares the same name and is renovating his kitchen.
“Someone said that I have to do something about my cabinet and I was conveniently changing the hardware on the cabinets in my house, and so I said, ‘I’m working on my cabinet,’” says Jason Kenney, who lives in Virginia.
The American Jason Kenney is a self-described news, political and social media junkie but thanks to his name, he’s now tuned into Alberta politics as well
“I’m not as enlightened as I probably could be but I’ve come a long way.”
He’s become more enlightened due to the international travel scandal involving UCP MLAs and staff, as more Albertans have mistakenly sent angry tweets to Jason Kenney’s Twitter account in Virginia instead of Premier Jason Kenney’s account.
“There’s the stereotypes that Canadians are all polite and apologetic and peaceful which is largely true, but boy, when you get into politics it can be just as divisive and hot as it is down here too,” says Kenney.
But instead of fueling the flames, Kenney tries to have fun with his mistaken identity.
“Maybe it makes some folks take a step back and simmer down a little bit,” he says. “Because I’ve been able to be a good sport about it because folks I’ve engaged with have also been good sports about it.”
And Kenney, who has had his twitter account @jasonkenney since 2007 , says he has no plans to step back and change his name on social media.
“If I changed it no one would drag me into Canadian politics anymore,” he said. “I’d be lost in the wilderness.”
Fire TV Stick 4K streaming device with Alexa built in, Ultra HD, Dolby Vision, includes the Alexa Voice Remote
Introducing Fire TV Stick Lite with Alexa Voice Remote Lite (no TV controls) | HD streaming device | 2020 release
Posted in CTV
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Posted on September 27, 2017 by Gary
Rolette County Veterans Wellness Conference
Posting from Ginger LaRocque Poitra (’65): Belcourt, ND
It sure would be super if that poster could be posted on the blog or your face book, since there were so many of you and our classmates in the Vietnam War.
It would be great if all the veterans would take part in this conference that is for them.
Thanks for all who have participated and will participate now and in the future, if you went one year, just keep going every year. Your presence is very much appreciated always , thank you all who try to do for and appreciate our veterans.
Ginger Poitra class of ’65
Seattle Trip
Hey Gary!
I went out to see my sister Shirley this summer. I stayed 31 days, from June 6th thru July 8th. Travel days were June 5th and July 9th. I brought my granddaughter with. We traveled by train.
We left on Anthony and my 52nd anniversary ( would have been)
He was here for our 50th. Anyway the point is, ironically it was Shirley’s son’s anniversary the day we arrived on the 6th of June, his 15th.
We enjoyed ourselves. We went sightseeing. Ocean, Rain Forest, Sqauqoni Falls, the casino I won a whopping $58.57, that was my actual winnings, I started with $20.00. Haha
My nephew went crabbing caught his limit which seemed quite a lot, I watched him clean them and cook them outside, they all enjoyed eating them and I of course have allergies to shell fish so I got to watch them enjoy.
The train ride was terrible on way over to Washington it seemed small, bumpy and swayed a lot the seats were so uncomfortable very hard to sit, I was awake most the night. Coming back it was a whole lot better.
Next time I will plan better and ride the plane with Lana we would have to meet somewhere. In 1985 I rode train with my dad out there and you couldn’t find a better riding train.
My sister Lana had been there for a week when I arrived. Shirley knew I was coming so my nephew decided to surprise Lana and that was such a surprise we were in the house when Shirley and Lana came in needless to say, IT WAS A SURPRISE!
WE ALL ENJOYED OURSELVES
It was a long time for me to be gone but I am so glad that I was able to spend quality time with my sisters.
Thanks Gary,
Until another time
Ginger Poitra ( class of 1965)
Blog (636) posted on November 28, 2009
Condolensces to the Zorn family:
From Bob Lykins (60’s DHS teacher):Hutto, TX
Please add my name to the list of those sending condolensces to the Myron Zorn family on the death of his son, Ryan. The family can take pride in knowing that Ryan served his nation and all of us with compassion, distinction, and honor.
Bob Lykins
From Mr. Lykins:
Let us know what your FPO address is so we can all send you at least a Christmas Card. I’m sure you had a great Thanksgiving. Telling old “war stories” with friends and colleagues is always a blast. You can never lie because they know better but you always have fun stretching the truth.
Being retired to Austin was a good move as I am enjoying it here. There are so many opportunities for a retired dude. This fall I signed up with the University of Texas Athletic Department to usher at their home football games. It’s been a blast. I wear one of those ugly lime polo shirts that says “EVENT STAFF” on them and direct human traffic. I report 3 hours before the game, work through the game and remain until the last person has left the stadium. It all works out to be about 7 hours and they pay me so that’s OK. I also get to see a good deal of the game and with Texas having such a good team this year the fans are usually pretty upbeat. I’ve had very few problems. I usually work the tunnel area in the North End Zone. If you see on TV a fat guy on the walkway just above the field and near the cannon, it is probably me. (see picture below)
So sad about the massacre in regards to local elections there in the PI. I would be interested to know the real story rather than just what is being printed in the newspapers.
My best to Bernadette and my best wishes to her family regarding her brother. I will add him to my list when praying.
Here you are Bob – This is my FPO (APO) address
Gary Stokes
PSC 517 Box RS/CC
FPO AP 96517-1000
Yes, that was quite an ambush of killings between two Muslim groups in southern Mindanao here in the Philippines. A private army of the current governor of that province ambushed a strong contenders party of about 70 folks while they were on their way to formally file his candidacy for the upcoming election this next May. It was planned, because they already had dug a big grave about 40′ long and 20′ deep where they buried several of the vehicles with some of the folks in them. They buried the rest in shallow graves. The sad part is that this current governor is allied with Gloria Arroyo, the current president. He got many critical votes, probably illegal, that helped her win the last election. President Arroyo was reluctant to issue an arrest warrant for this guy. At first she just sent an investigative team to the area. Under tremendous pressure she did order an arrest warrant. This guy surrendered and is in custody. There is fear that true justice will not prevail because of his affiliations with the president. The Filipino Army has arrested this guys Army and followers and has taken control of all of his commands.
Debbie Morinville Marmon (70) update follow a stroke:
From Shonda Azure Campbell (94): angelic_desires_of_a_firefairy@yahoo.com Minot, ND
Gary and All, my Aunt Debbie looks great she is walking short distances…..with a smile that can still melt hearts . She can say a few words but some how you know what she is saying !!
May no soldier go unloved.
May no soldier walk alone.
May no soldier be forgotten,
Until they all come home.
San Haven Question:
Does anyone have an aerial shot of the San in color, circa 1950 — 1965? Maybe we need to go to the State Archives or Historical Society. A lot of out spouses and younger people really don’t have a good idea of the beauty of the place in its heyday.
Just a quick note to you. I continue to be impressed with your apparent knowledge of so many different families. It’s like whenever anyone mentions a family, it jogs your memory banks about so many different details of that family — the spouses, the siblings, the children, where they lived who their friends and neighbors are/were. It’s like a continuing history lesson with all the details included. What I find particularly amazing is that you and I have been away from ND for similar numbers of years. And, we grew up in fairly close proximity within the Turtle Mountains. I knew many of the same families you did and through your Dad’s adoption we are even cousins (though I really don’t understand all that first or second or third once or twice removed stuff). Yet I either never learned of all the connections between families that you did or I have forgotten many of those I may have known. So thank you for keeping me informed.
Many people write in to your blog and some of them (Mel Kuhn, Larry Hackman, and Dick Johnson to name a few), are gifted story tellers and thus make for very entertaining to reading. But I can’t imagine anyone doing what you do better than you do it. If all the readers of your blog had been tasked with finding someone to put this all together and keep it going like you do, I can’t imagine that we could have found anyone better or more perfectly suited for the job. With all the various inputs that you receive, you are able to show genuine interest, compassion and knowledge when and where appropriate and the willingness to spend the time necessary to do all the postings and keep it current and up to date. And all we can do is say thanks. So, thanks again, Gary, keep it going.
Keith Pladson (66)
Thank you so much Keith for this wonderful compliment. I’ve got to get some anti swelling medication to bring the swelling down in my head. I don’t get a swelled head easily or that often. At least that is what I try to think. You’ve got a wonderful way with words. I hope I’m at least part of what you said. Yes, you and I came from the same neighborhood. In our high school days your family moved to the old Stokes place then known as the Thompson place, the family of your mother Ella. Her mother was a Stokes, sister to my Grandfather, Frank. Your family moved around some in your growing up days too. Speaking of the Helgeson’s, I remember well when you guys lived on the Zieman farm west of Salem church. Helgeson’s lived several miles south and a little bit east of where you guys lived. My first memory of your family thou was when you were living on Lester Halstead’s place south of the Willow Lake school. Elwood Fauske farmed that land in later years. How was it that Lester Halstead owned land up there. He was a big time prairie farmer in Bottineau County. He lived near Maxbass as I recall. That’s half way to Minot from Bottineau. My folks were very active in the Metigoshe Lutheran churches. 90% of the Bottineau county hills folks were members of those churches. My folks were very active in Rolette county community affairs as well. My dad had lots of relatives (biological) living in and around the Bottineau area too. My folks were also involved with many of the Bottineau activities. With all these connection and going to school in Dunseith, I learned to know many folks in my growing up days. Being the socialite that my dad was I was able to maintain, thru him, many of these relationships. He died in 2000. I was a lucky guy. Speaking of my dad. Two weeks before his death, he and I were visiting folks in the hills. He was driving. When we stopped by to see Glen and Gladys Rude, getting out of his Pickup he told me, “we can’t stay long because Gladys will think she has to make us lunch.” He said “you know she’s over 85 years old”. She was only 2 years older than he. Dad was a week shy of his 85th birthday when he died. Gladys did fix us a nice lunch and our stay wasn’t short. With that visit, Glen could have been out bailing hay, but he chose to visit with us instead and insisted we stay. When I mentioned this to LaVerne, his brother, his words were, “Glen is a gentleman farmer”. How true those words were. That was probably the last visit Glen had with my dad, so he probably made a good choice in that respect.
Message/Pictures from Sharron Gottbreht Shen (59): Everett, WA.
Several years ago Angelina Duchesneau Forman, former wife of Harland Gottbreht sent me the excellent picture of Myron Evans, Harland and Charles Watkins. I believe it was taken in 1936 at the graduation of Harlan. All three were cousins: Myron the son of Ole Evans and Cecelia Gottbreht; Harlan the son of Fred Gottbreht and Pearl Fassett; Charles the son of Glenn Watkins and Madeline Wolcott [Madeline’s mother Louise was a sister of Wm Gottbreht Sr]. All three lived in the Dunseith area until WWII disrupted their lives. Myron and Alice Tennancour laboring on their farm; Harlan off to the Pacific Theater where he served with the original SeaBees; Charles in the Air Force. Harlan continued as a road and bridge builder in the state of Arizona. At the time a son of Mildred Gottbreht Solomon stayed with him, he was proprietor of a Tavern in Scotts Bluff, AZ. The descendants of Fred Gottbreht know very little about the family. Some of you may be able to tell them more. Susan Fassett Martin sent a quote from the memoirs of Wm. Fassett and I am sure Gary can attach those remarks here.
Wm. Fassett’s quote from Susan Fassett Martin (65):
(1936) Dad said in his history book….” When we lvied on the farm in the twenties, one of my early memories was of watching Fred Gottbrehts threshing rig coming across country to our place. The old steam engine took most of the day getting there and the big column of smoke announced their coming long before they arrived. I remember making several trips back and forth on my pony to check their progress. Both grandma Kate(Fassett) and grandma Goodie(Gudrun Amundson Rennick Watkins) worked on the cookcar at one time or another during threshing season.”
I am trying to date the tractor pictures. These were given me by Arla Gottbreht. She said that her father George worked on this tractor many times. I do not know if they were still in use in 1935 or the date of the car sitting in the roadway. I thought someone might recognize the bee skips in the background or the short approach into the farm. That certainly looks like an ash heap near the tractor.
Myron Evans, Harland Gottbreht, Charles Watkins
Picture taken by Dakota Memories Photography, Bottineau, ND, Clyton Parrill (72) Owner
Former Dunseith Teacher’s – Class of 65 reunion – 7/12/07
L to R: Dennis Espe, Vinian Hewson-Dinius, Art Rude & Bob Lykins
Bernadette Stokes
This picture was taken yesterday afternoon. Mirasol and Tata (Green top) had just given Bernadette her shower and were putting the final finishing touches on her before going to the mall for dinner. This was the first time in nearly a week that she was well enough to go out. We ate out at the Mall again today too. After eating Bernadette was ready to go home. Both last night and today, Tata physically fed Bernadette at our dinners. Bernadette lacks the coordination for using her eating utensils.
Tata, Novie and Mirasol all take very excellent care of Bernadette. Mirasol’s duty day is from 8 AM to 4 PM daily and Novie’s from 2 to 10 PM. They both do house hold chores, cooking, etc. and assist with Bernadette. Tata’s primary job is taking care of Bernadette. When she is not needed she can go to her house located 30’ from our front door. When called she is here in a heartbeat. Bernadette calls her often too. Tata has been with us for 14 years. She and Bernadette are very close and even more so now with Bernadette’s sickness. My duty day is from 10 PM to 8 PM. Some of those nights lately have been kind of long too. The last couple have been pretty good though. A few days back, from Midnight until 7 AM she was up 9 times. That was a long one. Last night she was up only twice. Not so bad. If it gets bad enough I will hire someone for the nights too.
Myron (65) & JoAnn Zorn Family:
From Marlys Zorn Bryan (69): Fairbury, Nebraska
To everyone who has been writing to Myron Zorn and his family,
We all appreciate you so very much. This has been an incredibly hard time for Myron and JoAnn. But at the family gathering in the chapel the night before the funeral, JoAnn stood up and thanked everyone, saying “We have been held up by prayer. We know it.”
So thank you all so much for what you have been doing for them; you have made a difference.
Ryan was a great man.
Marlys (Zorn) Bryan, (Myron’s sister)
Folks, The email address, listed above, the we have on file for Myron & JoAnn Zorn is good. For some reason my messages to them were getting returned a few months back. I’ll give it another try with today’s message. Gary
Florence Pladson Sime (62) – Update following her car accident:
From Tina Pladson Bullinger (78): Bottineau, ND.
We have so much to be thankful for this day!! Florence got to go home yesterday!! She will be taking out-patient therapy in Minot for her hand and arm, but is doing so well, even the doctors are amazed at her progress. We just want to say thanks for all the prayers, cards, phone calls, and visits. Thanks you all and have a wonderful Thanksgiving!
Tina Bullinger
This is wonderful Florence that you are recovering this fast with all the broken bones you had following that accident. You have to be one healthy hearty person with a lot of determination to recover this quickly. This has to truly be a wonderful thanksgiving for you. Gary
Reply from Tom Hagen (51): Mesa, AZ & Williston, ND
Gary, yes Della was the mother of the Hermanson boys and Marvel was in
my grade . Lindstrom’s lived east of the school , not sure which farm.
It has been too long ago but Orvin would know . and yes Clem Helgeson
attended with us at Loon Lake # 2 but as a high school correspondence
student. Also Amsbaughs,Ted Pladsons , Knutsons , Martin Rudes, Ingolf
Fulsebakke, Ole Hagens, Ritzmans, Christiansons, Cliff Halvorsons, Tom
Hagens, Clyde Satrang, Olsons, over the years I attended there and I
may have forgotten some families!!!
We love E-mail letters, Love Tom and Dot
Tom, I recognize all but the Ritzman family in those you mentioned. Your dad’s name was Tom making you Tom Jr. or as a lot of us know you as Tommy. You have always been Tommy to Orvin and your nephew Don Nelson, Donny. Elmer and Millie Torgerson Lindstrom were always very close to our family. They were extremely close friends of Leonard and Dot Kevil’s over on Little Prairie too. They belonged to the same church. I only remember Della Torgerson Hermanson, Millie’s sister, as being widowed living in Bottineau. I never knew her husband or any of her children, who are older than me by a number of years. Elmer Lindstrom came to my folks rescue several times when they were down and out and had no where to turn. I remember one year he brought his big “R” John Deere tractor and bailer all the way up from the prairie to bale the hay in my folks meadow when dad’s equipment broke down and he had no means of putting up the hay. Elmer gave my folks some butchered beef in some trying times too. For a number of years, Dad and Elmer put up all the hay on Oscar & Sylvia Bergan’s and John Wolf’s east of Lake Metigoshe. Elmer and Millie’s youngest daughter Deb is married to Kevin Lee, brother to my Brother Darrel’s wife Debby. Elmer and Millie had 5 girls. Elmer always wanted a son. He would have dearly liked to have Adopted my brother Allen, but my folks did not agree to that.
Sept. 1970 – Not sure of the occasion
Dean Lamb and Joanne Millang both 1970
A Horsetale story from Vickie Metcalfe (70): Bottineau, ND.
A Horsetale
The Louis Bergan family and William (#1) Metcalfe family were friends and neighbors in Hillside Township for many years from the early 1900’s-1935.
Emil Metcalfe and Clayton Bergan were about the same age,attended Bergan School, and enjoyed an easy and life long-lasting friendship.
Quiet, gentle Emil (Cliff fondly called him ‘Joes’ or ‘Joesy’) allowed Cliff who was younger by about three years tag along on his ventures with Clayton.
One sunny Sunday, summer afternoon adventure, in the early 30’s, could have quickly turned to be almost fatal disaster.
Three “boys”, were left to their own devices. (William)Bill Metcalfe had a yearling colt which was broke to lead but someday, he planned to break to drive. Clayton and ‘Joes’ were “Boys will be boys”, who want to prove their worth as men,and convinced each other. They had seen horses broke by men and they were big enough to do the job!
After catching the green broke gelding,Cliff hung onto the halter, while the other two managed to collar and pull on a harness. The horse shied, was nervous, sidestepping round and around. With much effort and team work, he was finally quiet and hooked up to a single tree, to the wagon.
The boys were quite certain the hard part done, now, was the easy part. Just climb up in the wagon and go for a Sunday drive. Then, return to the farm with the horse pulling the wagon.
‘Joesy’ crawled up on the wagon seat, and in his broad capable hands,took up the reins. Clayton, a slender, gangly, young fellow, climbed up to next to ‘Joesy’ to ride shot gun and specifically give advice on how to accomplish the job.
Cliff let go of the horse, moved quickly as not to be left behind, jumped into the box to stand behind the seated older boys.
The horse with a sudden snort, squeal, then mighty leap, burst into a mad trot then gallop. An immediate runaway! The wagon _ took off bouncing up and down, to and fro over and across the trail! NO brake! Three boys hanging for dear life onto the careening seat!
Try with all his might, there was no easy way ‘Joes’ could slow the horse down. A bright idea! Clayton pointed toward two lone trees,and stutteringly yelled, “P-p-put him–wite– be-tween d–d–does too tw—ees…..!”
‘Joesy’ putting his strength into both arms steered. Clayton and Cliff hung on as the horse leapt between the two trees, snapping the harness, next the single tree, off and away went the horse on a dead gallop, reins trailing along behind.
The wagon bluntly jarred to a Sudden. Complete. Stop. Stuck right-between- the two solid trees. Three boys sailed out and over the wagon onto ……..
…………………………………………………………HOT, HOt. hot sun overhead.
The next thing Cliff recalled, he woke up, walking, slinking along in the shady shadow of the tired, sweaty horse, holding his throbbing head. ‘Joes’ groaned and moaned as he led the horse, the other hand clenched against his ribs. And, Clayton? Clayton with nary a scratch, un harmed, took off briskly in direction of home.
When they were together years later recalling experiences of horse breaking, Emil said, he’d landed on his chest on a big boulder where Cliff had landed squarely on his head quite unconscious. Clayton had dropped and rolled. Emil and Clayton then caught the horse and got Cliff up and walking.
The moral of this story told to me often, probably could be, from another saying, more often quoted by the storyteller, my dad,Cliff Metcalfe. “One boy half a man. Three boys ain’t worth a______.”
Metcalfe boys were careful to never complain about injuries. Nor could they recall being punished for a broken wagon. William Metcalfe was a man who somehow knew the boys had learned their lesson that Sunday afternoon.
Years later, a doctor told Emil, he had broken his ribs sometime and another asked Cliff, when he had a severe concussion.
They chuckled heartily, as they remembered the day when three boys discovered they were not yet men. And they, The Boys of Hillside….always enjoyed their life long friendship.
This is story told to me by my dad, I’ve told to my nieces and nephews and I tell them it’s a tale from their Grandpa Cliff. Vickie Metcalfe/November 2009
Post card post marked 1939
Bremerton / Seattle trip
I forgot to mention with my last posting that we returned to Cebu from Seattle late last Wednesday, actually 1 AM Thursday morning. We were there exactly one week. Ahead of time I arranged three reunions and gatherings of fiends that enabled us to see lots to folks too. We spent a lot of time with our kids and grandkids too.
Bernadette handled the trip quite well. On Saturday she went into another spell that she didn’t start to come out of until Tuesday morning, the day we left. I was a quite concerned about her being able to make the flight back to Cebu. They questioned us at SeaTac too, if she was able to travel.
L to R: Gary, Granddaughter Nevaeh, Daughter Sheryl, Bernadette, Grandson Tyler, Bernadette’s sister Erma, Daughter-in-law Lorelie and Son Bernie.
Our two year old grandson’s Bryce and Brydon
Lloyd Counts, Jr | 1951 – 2017
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Lloyd Counts, Jr
May 11, 1951 – September 14, 2017
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Lloyd Counts Jr, age 66 of Dunseith, died Thursday at a Belcourt hospital. His funeral will be held on Monday at 10:00 am at the St. Michael the Archangel Catholic Church in Dunseith. Wake will be Tuesday beginning at 5:00 pm with a prayer service at 7:00 pm at the Eagle Heart Cultural Center in Dunseith.
Lloyd Counts, JR was born to Lloyd and Louis (Trottier) Counts on May 5, 1951 at Rolla. He attended School in Dunseith and graduated in 1970. During highs school he played football and basketball. He was well known for his basketball skills. In 1971, he married Bernadette Peltier and they had 3 sons, Jason, James and Lloyd III and 1 daughter Penny. This marriage later ended. In 1995, he met Jeanette DeCoteau and they spent the last 22 years together. Out of this relationship, they combined 5 kids, Jason, James, Lloyd III, Kari and Corey. In 2004, he began his horse racing career. He loved to travel and watch the races, especially his own. He traveled to Minnesota, South Dakota, Oklahoma and Montana.
Lloyd was very passionate about football. His favorite team was the Minnesota Vikings. He enjoyed watching games with his family and friends. Lloyd loved life and enjoyed his time spent with his family and friends. He spent many days riding around the country side visiting. Even with his disabilities, he enjoyed life to the fullest and never felt defeated. He has a big heart and was the most caring and giving person. He enjoyed making new friends wherever he went, striking a conversation with whomever he met. Lloyd will be dearly missed and will live on in our hearts.
He made his journey home on September 15, 2017.
He is survived by his significant other, Jeanette; children, James (Sarah), Lloyd (Tessie), Corey (Markielynn) and Kari (Joel); 19 grandchildren, 3 great-grandchildren; sisters, LouAnn (Clarence) St. Claire, Barbara (Steven) Larocque, and JoAnn (Randy) Counts; brothers, Clarence (Mary) Counts and Ernst (Michelle) Counts.
He was preceded in death by his parents; daughter, Penny; son Jason and brothers, George and Ronnie.
Posted by Vickie Metcalfe (70): dogdays@utma.com Bottineau, ND
Conrid “Connie” Wallace Metcalfe
December 24, 1939 – September 14, 2017
December 24, 1939 -September 14, 2017
Conrid Metcalfe age 77 passed away September 14, 2017.
Conrid Wallace Metcalfe a son of Archie & Bernice (Seim) Metcalfe, was born December 24, 1939 in Bismarck, North Dakota. He moved to the Seattle area as a child and attended Marysville High School graduating in 1958. After high school he attended Everett Junior College and also played football for the Seattle Cavaliers. In 1963, he joined the Naval Air Reserve where he attended air crew school and played football for the Navy.
In the 70’s, he started working as a journeyman carpenter for Expert Drywall, Inc. and later bought into the company with his partner and was involved in many major construction projects throughout Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. In 1997, he started another construction company with his daughter where they worked together for eighteen years.
Throughout his life, he has always been a true cowboy & horseman, he really enjoyed every aspect of owning and also showing quarter horses with his daughter when she was young. He always had a great love of animals, especially horses and border collies owning them most his life. He also spent many years boating, fishing, crabbing and always enjoyed being on the water.
He is survived by his daughter, Melissa Swenson (Metcalfe); son-in-law, Eric Swenson; beloved grandson, Ethan Swenson; his wife, Eva (Yanlin) Liang and dearly loved dog Sisu.
Funeral Service will be at 10:00 am on Wednesday, September 27, 2017 at Evergreen Funeral Home – Everett, WA. Reception will follow at the funeral home. Committal Service following at Cypress Lawn Memorial Park, 1615 SE Everett Mall Way, Everett, WA 98208.
Arrangements under the direction of Evergreen Funeral Home, Everett, WA.
Condolence to the Ryan Zorn family:
From Esther Murray Fleming (65): Flint, MI
I just wanted to send our deepest sympathy and condolences to the family of Myron Zorn. I was so sorry to hear about Ryan. I did not know him but I know his dad from high school. May God be with you at a time like this.
Esther Murray (Fleming)
Sharon Zorn, I do not have a good email address for Myron & JoAnn. Can you relay this messages and the others previously posted to them?
Dunseith Alumni Reunion:
Dorothy Hiatt Swanson (46): Moorehead, MN.
Folks, I received a phone call last night from Dorothy Hiatt Swanson. We had a wonderful visit. We both grew up in the Ackworth community, so we had lots of things to talk about. She was enquiring about the date of the Alumni Reunion. She had seen our publication in the Bottineau paper. For some reason the Date got dropped when it was published in their paper. When I asked her if she’d like for me to add her to our list of those attending, she said “YES”. Dorothy does not have email. Dorothy is a sister to Eleanor Fauske, Charlotte Lang, Florence Dahl, Howard Hiatt and that family. Gary
Dunseith Alumni Reunion – 5/22/09 – Bingo Barn:
From Verena Gillis: Dunseith, ND.
Please add Gaillord and his wife Rene Peltier to the reunion list. Also
Shannon (Gillis) LaVallie and her husband Stacy
LaVallie-Devils Lake, ND
Unsure as to where Gaillord is right now but will find out.
Also, thank you to Vickie Metcalfe for the wonderful pumpkin donuts, they
were very delicious!
We are going to need to do a survey on food, I am currently getting
estimates on Ham, Roast Beef and Turkey, also twice baked potatoes. If we
can order these items along with some baked beans, vegetables & dinner
rolls, we can charge so much per plate to pay for it, what do you think?
I will have an idea on what the cost would be by next week. This would
relieve people from having to bring, right?
Folks, what do you think about Verena’s idea for food? This sounds like a pretty good idea to me. It puts a lot of the work load on her though, but it will for sure keep the costs down which is one of their main objects.
Hi, Gary Just a quick correction as my mother, Agnes maiden name was
Melhus which most people spelled Melhouse. Her father Peter Melhus came
from Indiroy, Norway , when he was 5 and they landed in Minn. where
he met our grandmother Helen Halvorson, (not related to Henry ) but
her sister was married to Hans Satrang so we are related to them. Clyde
went to school with us at Loon Lake #2 and also Irene Lindstrom, at
first Aanon Torgerson ‘s lived north of the school and Lorraine went to
school with us. Then Don and Marv Hermanson who moved there.
Tom, These are some of my relatives you mentioned. I did not realize they lived in your neighborhood. Mrs. Anton Torgerson was is sister to my dad’s adopted mother and also to Mrs. Nick Lund. Of the Torgerson’s I knew Mildred, Knute and Della very well. Millie married Elmer Lindstrom. When they lived in the hills, I always thought they lived farther North. That was before my day. Irene was the oldest of their 5 girls. I did not realize that she attended school in the hills. Elaine was several years younger followed by Shirley, Dianne & Deb. In my day, Elmer & Millie lived a mile or so west and south of where #43 comes to and end on the west end of the hills. Is #14 the intersection there? At the moment I have forgotten. Irene Lindstrom Tonneson has done extensive history on her mothers side. Irene lives on a farm NE of Souris. You mention a Hermanson. I’m not sure who Don & Marv were, but Della Torgerson was married to a Hermanson. He died before I can remember back to. Della lived in Bottineau. Knute lived in Alvarado, MN. He visited the Bottineau area often. Gary
Posted by Vickie Metcalfe (70: Bottineau, ND.
Ryan Zorn was the son of Myron (65) and JoAnn (Soland) Zorn.
Fallen soldier honored as person who worked to make a difference
JOSHUA WOLFSON Casper Star-Tribune | Posted: Wednesday, November 25, 2009
Brig. Gen. Tim Cole embraces JoAnn Zorn after presenting her with a Bronze Star for her son, Staff Sgt. Ryan Zorn, during his funeral Tuesday morning at Wright Baptist Church in Wright. (Courtesy photo)
WRIGHT — Staff Sgt. Ryan Zorn gave a simple answer when his father once asked him to consider leaving the military.
“Dad, I’m making a difference,” he said.
Zorn, who died last week in Iraq, was remembered Tuesday at his funeral as a model soldier who gave his life for a cause he passionately believed in.
“He had an undying loyalty to his country, to his family and to his God,” said classmate Jeri Gibson, one of more than 300 people who packed Wright Baptist Church for the service.
Zorn, 35, died Nov. 16 when his armored vehicle overturned near the city of Tal Afar in northwestern Iraq. The Wright resident had been helping Iraqis develop communications and intelligence operations as part of the 311th Military Intelligence Unit of the 101st Airborne Division.
In his 16 years in the U.S. Army, Zorn served tours in Saudi Arabia, Korea, Germany and Iraq. He was a battle-hardened officer who embodied Army values, said Brig. Gen. Tom Cole, who addressed mourners during the 75-minute service.
“Ryan was not a complainer,” Cole said, standing near Zorn’s flag-draped casket. “He would just say a simple ‘Roger.’ That was his hallmark.”
Cole presented Zorn’s mother, JoAnn, with a Bronze Star earned by her son.
“It’s not just our soldiers who sacrifice so much for our freedoms,” the general told mourners. “Families give so much.”
While stationed in Iraq, Zorn made sure the soldiers under his command received care packages. A deeply religious man, when back in Wyoming he’d ask his pastor to pray for his men’s safety.
“He was proud of what he did, and he died doing what he believed in,” said his father, Myron.
Zorn never married, explaining that he didn’t want to find a wife only to be sent back to war. But he had a close relationship with his parents and other family members, said the Rev. Clay Alexander, who officiated the service.
Alexander read from two letters written by Zorn’s nieces. In one, Paige Zorn called her uncle a hero. “He’s a little chubby and had short, spiky hair,” she wrote. “He is really cool.”
Mourners — including Gov. Dave Freudenthal and Sen. Mike Enzi — watched a video that showed Zorn grow from a skinny, blond boy into a burly soldier, posing with other troops in front of a mural of former Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein.
The video also included footage of the scene in Gillette on Sunday, when thousands of people lined the streets to watch a hearse take Zorn’s casket from the airport to a funeral home. Dusty McClintock attended that procession and made the 50-minute drive to Wright for the funeral.
“We just wanted to come out and show our support,” said McClintock, who traveled with a group of about 10 motorcyclists.
Zorn was born in North Dakota but moved shortly after his birth to Upton, in northeastern Wyoming. His schoolmates described him as a big-hearted person with a constant smile.
He didn’t have a single enemy, said Hidie Bland, who traveled to the funeral from Sheridan.
“Not one,” she said. “I don’t think I ever saw him raise his voice.”
Friends said Zorn was soft-spoken but had a hearty laugh. He enjoyed athletics and possessed an encyclopedic knowledge of sports that some claimed rivaled the ESPN staff’s.
Upton High School Principal Gary Glodt recalled Zorn as a quiet, family-oriented student who enjoyed helping others.
“He had a distinct laugh,” Glodt said. “Everybody knew it was Ryan when they heard it.”
Even after Zorn joined the military, Glodt maintained contact with his former student. The educator remembered the pride Zorn had for the military’s mission in Iraq.
“He kept telling all of us that we were over there for a reason and helping out the Iraqi people,” Glodt said. “He was proud to be part of it.”
Contact Joshua Wolfson at josh.wolfson@trib.com or 307-266-0582.
The only Thanksgiving Day that stands out in memory must have been about 1949. It was very cold, lots of snow and Dad’s car would not start. He arranged transport via Dunseith taxi service; Mr Lilliby no doubt. I believe Grandma Evelyn was back from Seattle and working for Rosie McCoy at the Crystal Cafe and served up a fine meal in a small separate dining room. Mom and Dad had light duty on very few Thanksgiving Days; both would give the turkey their expert attension. Mogen David was for toasting, but I remember Dale splashing some on the turkey, Thanksgiving 1954 in our new home at The Corner.
Main Street Dunseith looked much the same as in 1949 as in the picture attached plus snow over a paved roadway. Of my old photo collection, those from Evelyn Gaudette Gottbreht are the only ones dated! And always in her beautiful script. Arla Gottbreht and Mary Evans [daughter of Celia Gottbreht and Ole Evans] were 6 going on 7 years old. Is anyone surprised to see the barber poles in the Fassett and Gottbreht Hardware window? It was 1932 that Main Street was paved in preparation for the crowds that would arrive to attend the dedication of the Peace Gardens. It must have been Floyd Richard or Oville Grenier who told me that Gr Grand Wm Gottbreht would sit out front of the Hardware Store and converse with the visiting locals in his last years [1859-1945]. In 1927, all of the children of Wm and Mary Ann Gottbreht retuned to the family home to celebrate Thanksgiving. Only Joe Gottbreht traveled the great distance from Superior, WI where he and Murtle Marie Duffy lived after his harbor/port service in WWI. Their mother was in poor health and passed the following February.
Corrections welcome. Thank you Gary, Sharron
Standing: Frederick, John, George, Joseph, James [Teddy], Wm Jr
Seated: Anna Borland, mother Mary Ann Kelly, father William, Cecelia Evans
Arla Gottbreht and Mary Evans [daughter of Celia Gottbreht and Ole Evans]
From Vickie Metcalfe (70: Bottineau, ND.
Gary, One month from today will be Christmas. My principal sent me this fwd. It has some things to reflect on for THANKSGIVNG. May you and Bernadette have a HAPPY one. Vickie
Folks, today is Thanksgiving. We are a little ahead of you guys in the states. As I previously mention, we are going to the Marriott Hotel, this evening, for a genuine Thanksgiving dinner buffet with turkey and the whole works.
I want to share this Thanksgiving Trivia from Vickie with all of you on this Thanksgiving day.
I wish you all the best on this Thanksgiving day. Gary
How Erma Bombeck viewed Thanksgiving Day…
“Thanksgiving dinners take eighteen hours to prepare. They are
consumed in twelve minutes. Half-times take twelve minutes.
This is not coincidence.”
How Rita Rudner viewed Thanksgiving Day…
“My mother is such a lousy cook that Thanksgiving at her house
is a time of sorrow.”
How Mark Twain viewed Thanksgiving Day…
“Thanksgiving Day, a function which originated in New England two
or three centuries ago when those people recognized that they really
had something to be thankful for–annually, not oftener–if they had
succeeded in exterminating their neighbors, the Indians, during the
previous twelve months instead of getting exterminated by their
neighbors, the Indians. Thanksgiving Day became a habit, for the
reason that in the course of time, as the years drifted on, it was
perceived that the exterminating had ceased to be mutual and was
all on the white man’s side, consequently on the Lord’s side; hence
it was proper to thank the Lord for it and extend the usual annual
compliments.”
How P. J. O’Rourke viewed Thanksgiving Day…
“Thanksgiving is so called because we are all so thankful that it
only comes once a year.”
\\ \\\ | /// //
\\ \\ | /////
\\\\~ ~////
( @ @ )
—-OOo-(_)-oOOo——–
Turkey growth and development…
A lady was picking through the frozen turkeys at the grocery store,
but couldn’t find one big enough for her family. She asked the stock
boy, “Do these turkeys get any bigger?”
The stock boy answered, “No ma’am, they’re dead.”
( ) ) /
\ ( (_/
\_)
Be thankful that you don’t already have everything you desire…
If you did, what would there be to look forward to?
Be thankful when you don’t know something…
for it gives you the opportunity to learn.
Be thankful for the difficult times…
During those times you grow.
Be thankful for your limitations,
…because they give you opportunities for improvement.
Be thankful for each new challenge…
because it will build your strength and character.
Be thankful for your mistakes…
They will teach you valuable lessons.
Be thankful when you’re tired and weary,
…because it means you’ve made a difference.
It’s easy to be thankful for the good things.
A life of rich fulfillment comes to those who are also thankful for the setbacks.
Gratitude can turn a negative into a positive.
Find a way to be thankful for your troubles,
…and they can become your blessings.
Dakota Drifters to Perform at Hostfest – Sept 27-30, 2017
Posting from Neola Kofoid Garbe: Bottineau & Minot, ND
Dakota Drifters
This quartet is made up of Dick and Brenda Johnson from the Turtle Mountains in north central North Dakota; Carl Kannianen from the Stanley area; and Toby Nelson from Minot. All four are home grown self-taught musicians who really enjoy country music.
Dick farms near the International Peace Garden. He has been involved with music from the time he was young. He plays guitar and handles most of the vocals. He is known to favor Merle Haggard and Johnny Cash songs and always includes a few Norwegian jokes to keep things lively.
Toby is the owner of Prairie Winds Band Instrument Repair LLC in Minot ND. He and his staff keep busy repairing and maintaining all types of musical instruments for the upper northwest region of ND. As a sophomore in High School, he taught himself how to play drums and has been performing with the band Tin Star for the past 20 years. Toby is the newest member of the Dakota Drifters and is excited to help them keep traditional country western music alive!
Brenda works for the North Dakota Forest Service in Bottineau. She started playing the standup bass just a few years ago. She keeps the group organized and is always looking for new “old” material. She and Dick have played and entertained together for several years.
Carl farms in the Stanley area and has played the guitar for many years. He found out early in life that he enjoyed music. He sings harmony on several songs and also does vocals. Carl has a unique style of picking and his instrumentals are fabulous.
This group plays a variety of country, gospel, rock-a-billy, and even some rock and roll. So if you like Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Chet Atkins and other similar old time music you’ll enjoy hearing this group perform.
Joe Mufferaw
Posting from Vickie Metcalfe (’70) Bottineau, ND
Gary and friends of Dunseith,
As a child, did you all ever hear tales of Joe Mufferaw?
My dad would tell us he was going to see “Joe Mufferaw”.
We wondered which neighbor Joe Mufferaw was?
Forever guessing,Emil Morin, Uncle Wild Bill, or Art Seim because dad would end up visiting with one of those families
Finally I decided it could be a name our dad used when he was going somewhere to visit and not planning for us kids to go along.
Or perhaps Joe Muffraw meant, ” It was grown up time to talk, and none of a kid’s business.”
Art Seim would also say, “I’m going over to see Joe Mufferaw.”
I asked dad any times “Who is “Joe Mufferaw”? He’d never tell me.
Sometimes answers to all my pondering comes around and there’s it is, serendipity!
I read news from various parts of the English speaking world on my computer everyday.
(I don’t own a TV to watch the news) I believe that comes from a long ago anti-TV habit instilled in me at age six when our family lived with dad’s brother in Marysville WA.
Uncle Archie absolutely disliked TV! He’d frown, and turn off the TV. He’d change the subject by, singing a song, telling a story, make us read, play cards or board games.
With the age of computers I discovered a whole new world;Canadian TV news, Irish news, BBC, State of Montana and State of Washington news, etc.
Serendipity! I hit a Jackpot a couple years ago when reading Canadian entertainment news about a much beloved Canadian singer.
Stompin Tom Conners had passed away.
I hadn’t heard of Stompin Tom. Just what made him special to Canada? Well, he wouldn’t move S. of the border to Nashville the heart of his music was Canadian.
He wrote “The Hockey Song”, which is famous at every hockey game across Canada.
Then, Holy Cow! WoW!
Low and Behold!
Stompin Tom wrote and performed a song, “Big Joe Mufferaw.” I listened.
Finally I researched and figured out who Joe Muffraw was.
Joe Mufferaw was a Canadian legend! He was a French Canadian (Paul Bunyan) Logger.
And, Joe Mufferaw who was born in the early 1800’s lived in the same area of Ontario as my paternal grandpa Bill in the mid 1800’s.
(Arnprior, Renfrew, Smith Falls and the Rideau Canal)
Again with memories of my dad and Uncle Bill who were keepers of our family oral history.
As was, Emil Morin and Art Seim who also could tell a story 2 or 3. Perhaps as children they were told tale’s of Joe Mufferaw.
I wonder what they would say about a wood statue of a French Canadian Logger and the Stompin Tom’s song? It is a neat song, be it oral history or ‘tall tale’?
http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/a-true-canadian-artist-pays-tribute-to-folk-hero-big-joe-mufferaw-with-wood-statue-1.3486183
Conrid Wallace Metcalfe Passed Away
Our dear cousin, Conrid Wallace Metcalfe passed away this evening Thursday, September 14, 2017.
His parents were Archie Albert Metcalfe
and Bernice (Seim) Lindberg
His grandparents were;
John and Ingrid (Espe)Seim & William and Rose (LeDuc) Metcalfe
I first met Conrid when I was 6. when our family lived with his dad in Marysville.
After his dad died, Conrid moved back from college, into his Dad ‘s room.
And was with our family.
Both Nancy and I fondly thought of him like a big brother………..
The memory of Conrid’s time here on earth will always be cherished..
Godspeed dear cousin.
Conrid Wallace Metcalfe
September 14th 2017 • Everett, Washington
Edit this Obituary
It is with great sadness that we announce the death of Conrid Wallace Metcalfe, passed away peacefully on September 14 2017 in Everett, Washington, leaving to mourn family and friends. All are welcome to attend and celebrate Conrid Wallace Metcalfe’s life. Flowers and condolences may be sent in memory of the loved one.
Date of Birth : Dec 24 1939
Beachler Family
Reply from Allen Richard (65):
Lynette Beachler is married to Mark Richard, son of Floyd and Carmen. They live on a farm outside of Rolette.
Allen, That’s all I needed was a memory jar. The Beachler’s are originally from Little Prairie. Lynette’s parents were LuVerne (deceased) and Marie (Eurich) Beachler. Marie is a sister to Dave Eurich. Lynette (82) is the author of a children’s book.
I recieved the following messages after having responded to Allen’s message above.
Reply from Carmen Leonard Richard:Rolette, ND.
About the Beachler family, the parents are Luverne and Marie (Eurich) Beachler. Their children are Wyatt, Clayton, John and Lanette. Luvern passed away in the year 2000 and Marie lives in Rugby. Wyatt and his wife and family live in Steele ND where he works at the Cenex Station. Clayton and his wife, and John and family live and work in Minneapolis. Lanette is married to our son Mark and live on a farm near Rolette. They have two children Riley and Megan. She works at the Rolette school and has written two childrens books.
If you wish to have addresses I can get them for you. We saw Clayton and Betsy this summer when they were home
Marie is always included in our holiday gatherings, and she always brings the pies. Juneberry pie is her specialty.!
Reply from Evon Lagerquist (77): Dunseith, ND.
The Beachler’s that lived in the area were LaVerne and Marie. Their daughter, Lanette, is married to Floyd and Carmen Richard’s son, Mark. I think they had 3 sons, Wyatt, Clayton, and John. LaVerne passed away a few years ago, and Marie now lives in Rugby………
Reply from Vickie Metcalfe (70): Bottineau, ND.
Yes, the Clifford and Charlotte Metcalfe family photo was taken the fall of 1970.
Nancy, a public health nurse for Park County lives in Powell Wy with her husband Norm Moreno.
Their son is a Desert Storm vet, who lived in Nebraska with his family. The rest of us now live in the Bottineau -Dunseith area.
To help with your information.Re; Beachler
I ‘m sure there are family members who could give you more information.
Cecil and Ruby Beachler were sweet people who lived close to my great uncle Carl Wicks on West High Way #43. Ruby had beautiful snow white hair.
I believe Clayton and Wyatt are the son’s of Marie (Eurich) Beachler who lives in Rugby, Marie’s husband Laverne is deceased. Their daughter Lanette (Beachler) Richard lives in Rolette.
Colette (Pigeon) Schimetz and Mary {Eurich) Knutson are nieces of Marie (Eurich) Beachler whose siblings included Eva, Betty, Olynda, Frieda, Irene, Erma and brothers, Dave( who was married to Winifred Pritchard) and Fritz who passed away during WW II.
I don’t know if I listed all the David and Eva Eurich “‘kids”…who were neighbors and friends of many folks in the hills and on the prairies around Dunseith.
Eva Eurich, Dave Kraft and Kate Fassett were siblings.
Dave Kraft’s daughter,my neighbor, Dorothy (Kraft) Schneider lives down the street across from Wes and Ovida.
Telling about your dog, gives me a sense of your home. Dogs provide lots of company and delight. Mine make me get out and go for a walk when its cold. This morning it’s +18., the weather forecast for tonight, ” up to a couple inches of snow coming”, so I’ll be reluctantly finding some warmer boots.
My dogs are very multi talented “guard dogs”? The first responder, Sven the cockatiel, sits in front of a sliding glass door and raises lots of ruckus whenever something is intruding in the back yard. This alerts the furry critters and soon they are at the window jumping and barking. Quite the alarm system! Someday’s I am alerted to the meter man, rabbits, or stray dogs. Once a couple deer. Recently its been a big ….C-A-T. Yep, somebody’s hungry fat fluffy white with gray and black spotted house c-a-t, is on the prowling stalk for birds. It tries to slink by my car when the garage door is open. Then, slyly comes and peers at Sven through the glass swishing its magnificent fluffy tail. The dogs are very happy to add to the birds commotion!
Well enough rambling it’s time to be off.
Have a good day. Vickie
Bev Morinville Azure (72) update:
From Shonda Azure Cambell (94): Minot, ND.
Just a quick note as we get ready to go to the hospital .Things here are still the same we are just taking things a day at a time . Mom had a nice suprise last night when my Aunt Debbie and her husband Kenny got here. Other then that there is not much to report , please keep all the praying going it help so much and again I can not tell you enough she loves each of you very much.
Shonda
Shonda, We have not had an update on Debbie (Morinville 70) for a long time. How is she doing following her stroke?
Reply from Erling Landsverk (44):Portage, WI
Hi Gary and Everyone:
Dick Johnson beat me to the punch again. Thank you for the kind words Gary. I was unaware that you knew so many of our neighbors. I do have a few questions, so I will list them and do what you can;
Before Nick Lund lived over near Rispa’s I believe that it was the Andrew Bjerklund family that lived there. I went to school with Engrum, Evelyn and Margaret Lund. I knew both leonard and Obert., what happened to Engrum, Margaret and Evelyn. I was under the impression that Mrs Lund’s sister was Mrs Aanon Torgeson,is that the way it is. Ole Rispa was a tough old Norweigen, My brother went out to visit folks around 1969, and he said that he helped Ole, and Albert Saw wood. They were sawing up logs out of the woods, and Ole must have been around 90 years at the time. How about the Fulsebakke family? Did you by any chance know any of the helgeson family or the Amsbough family? I wonder if you knew any of the Christianson family, they lived across the lake from the melhouse family. Those Christianson girls sure were attractive. As far as I know they had one brother, Clarence. He Was still single in 1943 when we moved to wisconsin. At any rate, you should be getting your Audio book any day now and I put something else in along with it. Hope it makes it O K.
I want to thank you for all the help I received in locating folks, it meant a lot to me and to those that I contacted as well. And to Dick Johnson, I really have to take my hat off to you. You obviously have a razor sharp memory and a heart of gold to go with it. As I remember in other messages that i listened to, you were pretty active bringing smiles to retired folks with music and good followship. The world needs more folks like you.
Iwant to wish everyone of you North dakota folks living there now or elsewhere the happiest of Thanksgiving days, and a super time with your family and friends.
Erling Landsverk
Erling, It wasn’t until later in my adult life that I realized Mrs. Nick Lund’s wife was a sister to my dad’s adopted mother. We were with Leonard a lot, but not to much with the rest of his family. I always knew Dad and Leonard were related, but never knew the connection. You are right, mrs. Lund’s sister was a Torgeson. I knew most of her family quite well. It was through them that I learned the connection of Mrs. Lund and my grandmother. We don’t have any history at all about my Dad’s adopted mother, however, Irene Lindstrom Tonneson, granddaughter of Mrs. Torgeson does and has done extensive genealogy on that side of the family. I will send you here contact info with a separate message.
I will let some of the others speaks for the Christianson, Melhouse and Fulsebakke families. Clarence Christianson was married to Neola Kofoid Garbe’s aunt, Alvina Brudwick. There were two Christianson Families, Casper/Ella & Sigur/Hanna (Lagerquist). These two families were neighbors, but were not related. Agnes Melhouse Hagen is Orvin, Leland & Tom’s mother. Donnie Nelson, she may have been your grandmother, but she was a mother to you.
The Helgeson’s lived south of Salem church. I knew Clem and Selmer quite well. Clem never married, but Selmer was married to Joyce Smith, sister to Joanne (65) and Eldon (63). Clem & Ralph (Luella Boardman 49) Bjornseth were diesel mechanics. They worked together as a team doing onsite overhauls all over the country. They were some of the best mechanics of all times. I didn’t realize the Amsbaugh’s lived in that part of the hills. Franklin was married to Edna Clark, Dave Clark III sister. Franklin was working for the Minnesota Valley Breeders when he died back in the 60’s. Gary
Ryan Zorn, Son of Myron (65) & JoAnn
From Rene Casavant (65):Bismarck, ND
I want to give condolences to the Zorn family for the great loss of their son Ryan. Myron and I were best of friends during our High School years. I travel through Newcastle, Wyoming on my way to visiting my step-daughters in Colorado. I plan to jog off from Newcastle to Wright and visit the Zorns during my trip next summer. I haven’t contributed much to this blog, however I have really enjoyed keeping up with the Dunseith Alumni nostalgia. Please put my name on the list for attendance at the May Mini Reunion. Rene Casavant
From Vickie Metcalfe (70): Bottineau, ND.
Today’s Billings Gazette
Thousands line streets to honor fallen soldier
Dignitaries to attend services for Wyoming soldier killed in Iraq
Staff Sergeant Ryan Lee Zorn
CHEYENNE, Wyo. – Gov. Dave Freduenthal says he plans to attend services in Wright for a Wyoming soldier killed in Iraq.
A funeral service will be held today for Army Staff Sgt. Ryan Zorn at the Wright Baptist Church. Zorn will be buried at Black Hills National Cemetery near Sturgis, S.D.
The Department of Defense says the 35-year-old graduate of Upton High School died last week in a vehicle accident in Iraq.
Myron Zorn, Ryan’s father, said U.S. Sens. Mike Enzi and John Barrasso are also scheduled to attend
JEREMY PELZER Casper Star-Tribune | Posted: Tuesday, November 24, 2009 12:00 am |
Wyoming-linked service members killed in action listed
CHEYENNE — Wyoming-linked servicemen killed in action since 2001 include:
• Army Staff Sgt. Ryan Zorn, 35, Wright, Nov. 16, 2009.
• Army Staff Sgt. Tyler Pickett, 28, Saratoga, June 8, 2008.
• Army Pvt. Corey L. Hicks, 22, Glendale, Ariz., son of Russel Hicks of Casper, May 2, 2008.
• Army Staff Sgt. David Julian, 31, Evanston, March 10, 2008.
• Army Staff Sgt. Brian M. Long, 32, Burns, June 10, 2007.
• Airman 1st Class Eric…
CHEYENNE — When Army Staff Sgt. Ryan Zorn finally returned home to northeast Wyoming on Sunday morning, thousands braved cold and windy November weather to pay tribute to the fallen soldier from Wright.
People of all ages lined the streets of Gillette as Zorn’s casket entered town from the airport, escorted by more than a thousand vehicles including police cars, emergency vehicles and motorcycles with dozens of leather-clad military veterans and supporters.
“It was just incredible. It really was,” said 80-year-old Gillette resident Nancy Yonkee, who watched the procession with her daughter along Highway 14/16.
“I’ve lived here all my life, and I’ve never seen an outpouring like that before.”
HELPING IRAQIS
Zorn, 35, was killed Nov. 16 near the city of Tal Afar in northeastern Iraq when his armored vehicle overturned. A communications expert with the 311th Military Intelligence Unit of the 101st Airborne Division, Zorn had been helping Iraqis develop their own communications and intelligence operations.
Zorn’s body arrived at Gillette-Campbell County Airport late Sunday morning in a Falcon 20 jet from Dover Air Force Base in Delaware.
A crowded terminal fell silent as an honor guard and Zorn’s family approached the plane and pallbearers lifted Zorn’s flag-draped casket over to a waiting hearse.
“There wasn’t a sound to be had anywhere through that — (a) whole 20 minutes or better,” said state Sen. Michael von Flatern, R-Gillette, who was in the terminal building.
“It’s a moment that sends a chill up your spine, there’s no doubt about it.”
As the casket was slowly driven from the airport to a downtown Gillette funeral home five miles away, thousands of flag-waving Gillette residents lined the streets to pay their final respects to Zorn.
SIGNS OF GRIEVING
People held signs saying “God bless you” and “We love you, Ryan.”
Firefighters saluted as the hearse passed underneath a fire engine ladder extended high over the street, with an American flag unfurled underneath it.
The outpouring of support was even more impressive given how little time there was to prepare for Zorn’s body’s return.
Gillette Mayor Duane Evenson, along with several military, veterans and civilian organizations that helped plan for the procession, had less than 24 hours’ notice that Zorn’s remains would be flown back to Wyoming on Sunday.
Word of the planned procession quickly spread around town through word of mouth, newspaper and radio coverage and forwarded and reforwarded e-mails.
Myron Zorn, Ryan’s father, said it was “mind-boggling” to see the amount of support his family has received from perfect strangers around the community.
“It was just, well, gee it was nice,” he said. “I feel so bad, but you can’t imagine how good it feels to know that people are willing to come out and support you like that. It means so much.”
Funeral services are scheduled to be held at 10 a.m. today at Wright Baptist Church. About 12:30 p.m., a funeral procession will take Zorn’s body from Wright to be interred at Black Hills National Cemetery near Sturgis, S.D.
U.S. Sens. Mike Enzi and John Barrasso, as well as Gov. Dave Freudenthal and other dignitaries, will attend the funeral. Freudenthal has directed that flags be flown at half-staff across the state today to honor Zorn.
Greg Dougherty, who owns and operates a welding shop in Gillette, paid $6,500 to give the Zorns a red, white and blue Christmas tree from the Gillette Festival of Trees, an annual event in which locally crafted Christmas trees and wreaths are auctioned off for charity.
The tree was sent to Wright for a Monday afternoon memorial service and today’s funeral.
Dougherty, who’s often made charitable donations, insisted that he didn’t want any publicity about his gift.
“I just thought it would be a nice gesture to do for the family,” he said. “I have a son in the military, and I respect all the people in the military very much.”
Contact Jeremy Pelzer at 307-632-1244 or jeremy.pelzer@trib.com
Posted on September 3, 2017 by Gary
Going to Seattle.
This will be my last message before leaving for the USA.
Bernadette and I will be departing Cebu at 2 AM this Tuesday Morning for Seattle. We arrive in Seattle just past noon on Tuesday the 5th and depart going back to Cebu on Tuesday the 12th. Bernadette, I think, will be able to make the trip OK. Once we are there her Half-sister, Erma, who lives there, will be staying with us full time in our hotel assisting taking care of Bernadette. Here I have lots of help. Our kids and Grandkids are all there, so we will be spending a lot of time with them.
Yesterday, September 2nd was my dad’s Birthday. He too was a twin. They would have been 102. It was also our first Twin Grandson’s 2nd birthday too. His Twin Brother was born on September 3rd. The first was born just minutes before midnight and the other just minutes past midnight only 20 minutes apart, but none the less different days.
Our twin Grandson’s Brydon and Bryce Stokes
Thanksgiving in the Philippines”
Folks, I forgot to answer Angela Berube’s question about how we celebrate Thanksgiving here in the Philippines. This year we will be celebrating Thanksgiving with the folks from the US Retired Military activities Office (RAO). Being retired from the Army Reserves qualifies me to belong to this organization here in Cebu. We will be going to the Marriott Hotel for a genuine American Thanksgiving Buffet dinner. It is through the RAO that I am able to have a Fleet Post Office (FPO) address. That in it self is a great benefit. The local mail system is very unreliable here in the PI. We RAO members pay an annual fee to maintain the local office here in Cebu. The United States mail system delivers all of our mail to our local office. Three years ago Bill Grimme sent a CD to our Local address and to this day that CD is still in the mail. I received Dick and Brenda Johnson’s CD, mailed to our FPO address, in 10 days. Gary
Beechler’s question Previously posted:
Question from Lynn Halvorson Otto (75): Seoul, Korea
Hi Gary, can you put this on the blog! Does anyone remember the Beechler (spelling) family that lived in Dunseith. One son was in my grade and his name is Clayton. Another son’s name was Wyett, not sure though. Thanks, Lynn Halvorson Otto
I remember the Beechler name well but I’m brain dead remembering anything about the family. I’m sure with a memory jar I will remember. Gary
Ryan Zorn Commemoration – Veterans Burial Flags
From Sharron Gottbreht Shen (59): Everett, WA.
Ryan Zorn was listed in silent commemoration this morning’s KOMO 4 National News. We stand in the shadow of yet another soldier gone to glory. Evie and I talked, then Ernie and I spoke of the loss for the Zorn Family and our wish to console them. I pray for Ryan’s eternal rest and feel such gratitude for the years and life Ryan gave for us.The attached notice was published 1931; the practice was initiated in 1930.
Thanks Gary, Sharron
Me again Gary. This item was also quoted from the American Magazine in June 1931.“It is for babies that we live and love and strive; they are the essence and joy of life; they are the hope of the future.”
Sharron
Clifford Metcalfe Family:
Back Row L to R: Nancy, Vickie & Cliff
Front Row L to R: Cyndy, Archie, Shannon & Charlotte (Lottie)
Back: Roberta Hagen Striker (75)
Front: Kim Hiatt Hermann (77)
Margaret Metcalfe Leonard (65)
Class of 65 gals:
Margaret Metcalfe, Susan Fassett & Carol Jasper
Our little dog
Our little dog went in the house about 9:00 PM last night. Since about 2:00 AM it has been raining. It’s currently 12:15 PM and out little dog has not gone out in the rain to relieve her self yet. She’s been on the porch and that’s all the farther she’s gotten. She’s back in the house now. It’s amazing how long these animals can hold out. Gary.
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DustinAbbott.Net
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See My Reviews
Sony a73 (a7III) Review
Dustin Abbott
Sony chose the WPPI Conference in February, 2018 to drop the bombshell that we now know as the Sony a73 (ILCE-7M3). I call it a bombshell in that while many camera makers hold back a lot of key features on their “entry-level” full frame cameras (that typically fall around this $2000 USD price point), it seemed like Sony held back nothing. That’s not entirely true (as we will discover in this review), but, at the same time, the a73 is a serious shot across the bows of Canon and Nikon that seriously raises the bar of what we can expect from an “entry-level” full frame camera. I keep using this in quotes, as, frankly, the spec list from the Alpha 7 Mark III look remarkably close to what a flagship camera might have from just a few years ago.
24MP Full-Frame Exmor R BSI CMOS Sensor
BIONZ X Image Processor & Front-End LSI
693-Point Hybrid AF System
UHD 4K30p Video with HLG & S-Log3 Gammas
2.36m-Dot Tru-Finder OLED EVF
3.0″ 922k-Dot Tilting Touchscreen LCD
5-Axis SteadyShot INSIDE Stabilization
ISO 204800 and 10 fps Shooting
Built-In Wi-Fi and NFC, Dual SD Slots
USB Type-C Port, Weather-Sealed Design
10 frames per second? 693 Point AF system (which handily tops the 399 point AF system of the Sony a7R3, which costs more than 50% more)? 4K video complete with great codecs and gammas? Dual card slots? In body image stabilization?
In fact, I betrayed my Canon familiarity in that one of the first things I did with the a73 was flick the dial to control TV (shutter speed) to check if it was capped at 1/4000th of a second instead of going up to 1/8000th second. It wasn’t capped…so it wasn’t a Canon. Whereas Canon has often chosen to employ very obvious protectionist tactics that limit performance of its cheaper cameras (things like the afore-mentioned maximum shutter speed, limited AF systems, single card slots, and limited video capabilities and resolution options), Sony has chosen to essentially use resolution (a7R3 is 42mp, a73 is 24mp) and the viewfinder/LCD (both are higher resolution and with better refresh rates on the a7R3) to differentiate the two cameras.
As I went through the spec lists in my video episode where I reacted to the announcement I had some questions. One of my most popular articles that I’ve ever written was called, “Why I Chose a Canon 6D over a 5D Mark III”. In that article I detailed how some of the features of the 6D actually made it the more interesting camera to me despite the areas that Canon had intentionally “crippled” it. I think my feelings were mirrored by many others, too, as the 6D went on to be one of Canon’s best-selling models.
I mused out loud in that video episode about the a73 that while I think the a73 is going to do serious damage to Canon’s 6D series and Nikon D600 series, I also wonder how many orders for an a7R3 (or even a A9) got cancelled by those that reasoned that 24 megapixels was enough resolution (a7R3) or that 10 FPS was fast enough (A9) when coupled with a very similar focus system to the flagship A9? While I do value the higher resolution of the a7R3 for my own kit, I would personally say that 10 frames per second is plenty for me, and I would probably opt for an a73 for sports and wildlife work over an A9. That’s a potential conundrum for Sony, who may cannibalize sales of their other models by those who look at the a73 and conclude that it is “enough”. I suspect this is a calculated risk by Sony, though, who view the a73 as the vehicle for getting a lot of Canon and Nikon shooters on the fence to make the jump to Sony. And from the buzz that I’m hearing I think they may have gotten it right. At the same time, after spending a lot of time with the a73, I feel like I could write a similar article to why people might choose a Sony a73 over an a7R3.
On paper, the Sony a73 is one of the most well-rounded full frame options out there and has an amazing price-to-performance ratio, but how does it hold up in real life? Let’s find out together…
Prefer to watch your reviews? Here’s my final verdict on the camera:
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Build and Design
The best way to interactively see the build and design along with comparisons to the a7R3 is to watch this video.
The Sony a73 is instantly familiar to those who have used the Sony A9 or a7R3. It looks and feels nearly identical to the a7R3, and, in fact, weighs only 7 grams less (650 vs 657g, or 1.43 lbs vs 1.45 lbs). The physical dimensions are in fact identical, with the Width xHeight x Depth ratio at 126.9 x 95.6 x 73.7mm (5 x 3.8 x 2.9”). There are only a couple of external cues that separate the two models 1) the small badge on the front right of the camera (the a73 says, appropriately, a7III, while the a7R3 says, somewhat oddly, just a7R with no mention of the series Mark) and 2) the mode dial on top of the camera is slightly different. The mode dial on the a73 is missing the lock button, has one less custom mode option (2 rather than 3, though it adds a “scene” option), and has a slightly cheaper finish with letters printed rather than etched.
It is likely only those with high attention to detail that would ever note these physical differences.
One of the single biggest criticisms of the a72 was the battery life. It shared the NP-FW50 battery pack that the smaller a6300/a6500 cameras use, and battery life was, well, abysmal. I own an a6500 and, as I use it most often for shooting video, I am shocked by the fact that it seems to almost always need a fresh battery. Battery life is terrible. It wasn’t uncommon for batteries to be “exhausted” (as the camera says) before the memory card was filled when shooting 4K video. The shift to the NP-FZ100 battery pack has really, really turned a fundamental weakness in Sony’s mirrorless cameras into a real strength. The FZ100 battery packs are fantastic, and more than double the capacity of the NP-FW50, which has a 1020mAh capacity compared to the 2280mAh capacity of the FZ100 battery. I shot a wedding a few weeks ago with the a7R3 along with a Canon 5D Mark IV, and the battery on the Canon died long before the battery on the a7R3 did. In the a73 the battery rating goes even higher and is rated at 710 images per charge as opposed to 650 on the a7R3. I have found that the a7R3 routinely exceeds the rated battery life, and, beyond that, it also handles shooting video much better. All signs point to the a73 being even better. After my first 3-4 days with the camera (which included all the setting up of controls and getting familiar with the camera plus shooting with it), I was still at 86% battery life. In fact, after having had the a73 in hand for a month with daily shooting and occasional video work, I had recharged the battery once after the initial charge!
The improved battery life has definitely made the a73 a much more “livable” camera. One thing I did note when unpacking the a73 is that, unlike the a7R3, it does not come with a standalone battery charger. It has an AC adapter so that you can use the USB port on the camera for direct charge, but your only default charging option is in camera. I like the fact that Sony batteries can be charged in camera (as a backup), but that is not my preferred charging method. The Sony BC-QZ1 battery charger is somewhat pricey, but fortunately there are some good charging options from Watson that work fine and at a much cheaper price point.
On the left side of the camera behind one of the covered ports is one other physical difference; the a7R3 has a flash sync port (PC) that the a73 lacks. I personally haven’t used a flash sync cord in years, as I tend to use wireless triggers instead, but that might be an important feature to you. Otherwise the connectivity is the same, with a 1/8th” headphone jack, 1/8th” microphone jack, HDMI D (Micro), Micro USB, and USB 3.0/ USB Type-C ports. Wireless connections include WiFi, NFC, and Bluetooth. Just know that Sony’s PlayMemories Mobile app is still really rough and limited and has seen little development in the last few years. You can’t even change the focus point from the mobile app.
On the note of Bluetooth: the primary application for Bluetooth is for the camera to sync with your phone to provide geotagging for your images. This utilizes the PlayMemories Mobile app. As I noted in my a7R3 review, I strongly prefer the built-in GPS options of Canon cameras. It works much more reliably with internal GPS, and I have found trying to geotag on the a6500, several A7RIII bodies, and now this a73 to be a somewhat fiddly process that produces inconsistent results. Sometimes it stays connected, sometimes it doesn’t. I would prefer that Sony move to an embedded GPS solution in the future, particularly now that they seem to have the battery life issue solved.
I noted previously that Sony has chosen not to give the a73 the improved viewfinder found in the a7R3 and a9, so it has an OLED viewfinder with 2,360k dots of resolution and a 60fps refresh rate. The higher end models have a 3,686k OLED with a refresh rate that is twice as high (120fps), which makes for a more engaging experience at all times and a much better manual focus lens experience due to the increased clarity when magnifying the image in the viewfinder. When you go from the a7R3 to the a73 it is a bit like feeling as if you have forgotten your glasses and don’t see things quite as well. This does make for a less enjoyable shooting experience in some ways, though if you’ve never experienced the higher resolution viewfinder you may not miss it.
The LCD is also higher resolution on the a7R3, with a 1440k dot resolution compared to the 921k dot resolution of the a73. While I miss the higher resolution in the screen and viewfinder of the a73, I can at least look at this as a reasonable cost-saving method and a logical way of differentiating the product lines.
Since the bodies are essentially identical, the strengths and weaknesses of the a7R3 are essentially all true here as well. I find that my pinky still has no place to go when gripping the A73. Sony actually sells a grip extension to help solve this problem – the GP-X1EM. It essentially has one purpose – to add a little more length to the grip. Ironic to pay an additional $115 to make the camera bigger! Another option is to add a battery grip, which does have the added benefit of doubling the potential battery life as well as providing some vertical controls. The VG-C3EM runs around $350.
One unfortunate trend that seems to continue from the a7R3 to the a73 is an issue with the sensor quickly collecting dust. I noted a dust spot in some of my images within hours of receiving the camera, and there had only been one lens mount! Plan to keep a blower on hand to help with this issue!
There are a few key ergonomic improvements as well inherited from the a7R3 (in turn inherited from the a9). The first is just a basic improvement of the tactile quality of the switches, dials, and buttons themselves. Everything feels a little more premium; more precise. Another improvement is in the placement of the video record button, which is now just to the right of the viewfinder rather than off on the side of the camera. The most important improvement, however, is the addition of a thumbstick above the rotary wheel on the back that is similar that found on the better DSLRs. It makes a huge difference in navigating menus and images during playback, changing settings, and selecting focus positions.
The ergonomics of the a73 will be either an improvement or a disappointment depending on a couple of things. The first is whether you are upgrading from an earlier Sony body (where things will feel like a definite improvement) or coming over from a DSLR (where you might be a little disappointed). The second factor is how comfortable you are in customizing your camera. The strength of Sony cameras is the ability to map a lot of functions to the physical control point of your choice (buttons, wheels, etc…) I don’t enjoy shooting Sony cameras out of the box, but once I get them “set up” to my preference, my ergonomic experience vastly improves.
The same is true to the menu options. Sony’s menus have long been panned as being somewhat unintuitive. What helps this (a lot) on the a73 is that you can customize your “My Menu” to put the settings you most often need to access in an easy location that is ordered according to your own logic.
The combination of being able to customize menus and physical controls goes a long way towards improving the ergonomic experience of the a73, though it probably will take some trial and error until you find what combination works best for you. By this point, I personally have a go-to arrangement that I can set up quickly, and it is worth noting that Sony does allow you to save a configuration to an SD card so that you can transfer it. There’s no doubt that ergonomics are improved over earlier Sony cameras, however, and the improved feel of the switches and dials makes everything more user friendly. I should also note that having a dedicated dial for Exposure Value compensation (+/-3 EV) is one of the key advantages of Sony mirrorless over many DSLRs that I’ve used.
Unfortunately there is still one glaring ergonomic issue that, frankly, boggles my mind. Sony continues to have the most half-baked touchscreen integration of any the true competitors, and lags far behind the touchscreens in the most basic of Canon’s DSLRs or mirrorless cameras. You can’t use the touchscreen to navigate menus, to navigate images during playback, to change settings, or to touch to focus during stills shooting or to release the shutter. The last point is a bit puzzling, as you can touch to focus during video recording. The amount of things you can do is pretty limited, though, thankfully, you can use your finger on the touchscreen to move focus around while your eye is pressed up to the viewfinder. You can also touch the screen to select a focus point when using the LCD screen, though this will not trigger focus. What I find irritating is that there is no question that Sony is capable of doing better. I particularly find the lack of navigation ability via the touchscreen irritating. I love to pull up Canon’s Q Menu (FN on a Sony) and make quick changes with the touchscreen. Sony’s FN menu functions similarly, though you have to do all your navigation there the old-fashioned way.
I keep hoping the next Sony body I try will be the one where they get the touchscreen right, but unfortunately the a73 is not that body.
For better or worse, the a73 gets a similar degree of weather sealing to the a7R3. This makes sense as it is essentially the same outer shell. Tests have shown that while the sealing on a good part of the body is fairly good, the bottom plate has little sealing. Don’t let your camera sit in water…or there might be an issue. Weather sealing doesn’t appear to be at the level of the better DSLRs, which is logical when you consider how much is packed into the compact body of these E mount mirrorless cameras. My experience is that the camera does fine in somewhat inclement conditions, but you need to exercise some caution in extreme situations to protect your investment.
Ultimately I find the physical design of the camera to be good, though if you have larger hands you may find that smaller body is a disadvantage compared to a DSLR.
Sony a73 Sensor Performance
The primary means by which Sony separates the a73 from the a7R3 is found in what the “R” stands for – resolution. The A7 III has 24.2 megapixels while the A7R III has 42.4 megapixels. This gives the a73 a 6000 x 4000 pixel resolution, which many users will find plenty for their applications. Both models include a BSI structure which gathers more light than conventional sensors and a front-end LSI chip to improve the readout and processing speed of the cameras. Both cameras record 14-bit RAW with uncompressed or compressed options.
For my own purposes there is one significant disadvantage to the a73 when compared to the a7R3, and that is in APS-C/crop mode. For video this presents no problem, but when shooting stills it means that you are only getting a 10 MP APS-C mode instead of the much more useful 18 MP APS-C mode of the a7R3. On the a7R3 you are getting 75% of the resolution of, say, the a6500, but with all the sensor advantages of the a7R3. It produces really nice results. On the a73 you are getting less than 42% of the a6500’s resolution in APS-C mode, and while there are applications for this, I personally found that the images lacked the kind of detail I’m accustomed to seeing.
At the same time, however, there are definitely some advantages for a sensor that is not impeded by having to carry the “weight” of such high resolution. We will explore some of those advantages in the following sections.
Dynamic range has become one those topics debated ad nauseum on photography forums and harped on by certain reviewers to the place where some perspective has been lost on the topic. It has become on the key “stats” where brand fanboys either push their brand or bash another. At the same time, as a person who gets a chance to use most current gear, and one who has used the current best from Canon (5D Mark IV), Nikon (D850), and Sony (a7R3) along with older cameras, I can definitely say that there are a number of situations where improved dynamic range gives the photographer (and particularly the post-processor) more latitude to fulfill their vision. This could be in the ability to recover a blown-out sky or shadowed area as a landscape photographer or the ability to balance a foreground subject with a background or sky for portrait photographers.
I have found with each of these cameras that I bracket exposures for exposure blending/HDR less often, as it is often possible to get the result I want out of a single exposure. Dynamic range is the range of visible light that a sensor can record, and the Sony a7R3 boasts a rated 15 stops of dynamic range, though this figure is at a standardized 8 MP downsampling (this is the DXO approach). While this useful for standardizing test results, note that in most practical situations (at a native pixel level) that dynamic range is 13.6 stops at a pixel level (the D850 is rated at 13.7 stops). It is notable that Sony has managed to improve this figure from the a7R2’s 13.2 stops, showing a significant improvement of near ½ stop. At the standardized level the Canon 5D Mark IV has a 13.6 stop rating, which is little over a stop behind the D850 and a7R3.
DXO ranked the Sony a73 with an identical score to the a7R3, but in real world tests, I found that the full picture actually favored the a73. Check out this video to see the details.
What I found when purposefully underexposing by one, two, three, and four stops and then adding that exposure back in post is that the a7R3 and a73 produced very similar results through three stops, but the four-stop recovery showed cleaner results in the shadows for the a73 (even when downsampling the a7R3 result). Furthermore, while the a7R3 shows a tendency to push towards a green tint when pushed to the limit, the a73 remains impressively neutral, with no color casts of any kind. This was the best shadow recovery that I’ve seen (right on par with the Nikon D850). Like the D850, the a73 seems to retain a little more “brightness” in the image when pushed compared to the a7R3.
When I overexposed by one, two, three, and four stops and reduced that exposure in post, I found little difference between the two Sony models. The typical trend is that modern cameras are better at recovering shadows than highlights, and that remains the case here. One can recover two stops perfectly, while three stops will produce some minor “hot spots” in the brightest area of the image. Four stops is pretty much a mess, though, with “recovered” areas not looking overly credible.
Bottom line is that the a73 ranks right there with the very best models on the market in its dynamic range performance. Here’s a look at the latitude you have to recover a real image from either severe under or overexposure:
Whenever you talk about dynamic range, you invariably ignite the debate over its importance, with some arguing that “good photographers” don’t need it, while others that say that cameras without a top score in this area are “garbage”. For me, however, I don’t need good dynamic range because I “blow shots” and under or overexpose, but I do need good dynamic range because a lot of things that I shoot (from landscapes to portraits) require some latitude when processing to create the best results. Having good dynamic range allows me to recover shadows in forest areas, for example, while still having a nicely exposed sky. It enables me to raise lighting on people’s faces when using available light and balance the exposure with the background.
At the same time, however, we have reached a point where you can overdo shadow and highlight recovery and create images that have a somewhat cartoonish, bad-HDR-type look like this image:
I would always rather have more than what I need, but it is important to not abuse images in post-processing.
ISO Performance
The A7 III has a 100-51200 native range with extended levels that go as low as 50 and as high as 204800. The A7R III goes up to 32000 (native) and 102400 (extended).
Is the extra “headroom” warranted? I suggest that you watch this video to get the full picture:
I had previously compared the top models on the market in their ISO performance, but I focused on the a7R3 for this comparison, as it was the previous best of bunch.
Was. As in past tense.
The a73 most certainly leaves the a7R3 in the dust, producing the best results at higher ISO settings that I’ve ever seen. While I’m shocked to say it, I would have no hesitation in using ISO 51,200 for event work on the a73.
Where it surpasses the a7R3 is in its completely lack of color banding or cast when pushed to the limits. The a7R3 tends to skew towards a green tint, while the a73 remains impressively neutral. In fact, the color fidelity at higher ISO settings is fantastic, as is the fact that contrast remains strong. You can very faintly see some green and magenta noise at ISO 51,200 in shadow areas, but it is minimal. This is a camera that is clearly tuned for work at higher ISO settings.
While noise does increase at higher ISO levels, it remains fine and non-destructive on a global level. You can see it, but it doesn’t ruin the image.
What also stood out to me is how much brighter the a73’s image is even with all other settings equalized (lens, settings, lighting). When I look at the histograms I can see a clear shift to the right (darker) with the a7R3’s image. It’s not significant (about a third stop), but it is noticeable.
In my experience the Sony a73 is the new low light king.
The Sony a73 lags behind the a7R3 in the resolution category by a wide margin, and, as mentioned, the greatest impact of that is felt in the APS-C (crop) mode. On the a7R3 I feel like using APS-C lens in crop mode (or even using the crop mode for a different framing when shooting events) is a worthy endeavor. I don’t feel that way with the a73.
But I also feel that the a73’s resolution is at a sweet spot for a lot of things, including things likes events and weddings. The a7R3’s resolution is overkill in those settings. I find the images out of the a73 to have great detail, and their smaller size makes them snappy to work with in post. I do feel like Sony is squeezing the most out of this sensor in terms of resolution.
You do have the option of shooting either compressed or uncompressed RAW images (the difference is only noticeable in the most demanding of situations), but you don’t have anything like MRAW or SRAW resolution options where you can still get a RAW file at a smaller resolution. This is far less of an issue than with the Sony a7R3, however, as the resolution is already at a reasonable area. 24MP is probably plenty for most shooters in most situations.
I gave the a7R3 some criticism for its color science, which I felt lagged behind that of the models like the Canon 5D Mark IV. I continue to feel that Canon’s color is easier to play with in post, while Sony color can sometimes get “extreme” very quickly. At the same time, however, I do think that Sony has continued the processing of refining their color science, and I think the a73 has a little less of the green/yellow bias that I saw on the a7R3. I don’t think the gap between it and Canon is significant anymore. As previously noted, the a73 does a better job when pressed to its limits in retaining neutral colors, which tells me that the color science is a little better there as well.
When I directly compared the a73 and a7R3 with equal settings, color balance, profile, and the same lens (the impressive new Tamron 28-75mm f/2.8 RXD), I found the a73 delivered more natural skintones, without the somewhat sallow, yellowish tint that I’ve seen with other Sony bodies.
I’m also finding skin tones a little more natural (less yellow/sallow), and the custom profiles I made for the a7R3 overdo the addition of reds and blues into the skin, which is another indicator that they are already better represented there. This example was one where I played with the color a bit and found natural (and accurate) skin tones easy to produce. I used the Sony/Zeiss Planar 50mm f/1.4 for this shot, which helps in that is a lens with excellent, neutral Zeiss color.
One final boost (at least for my workflow), is that Adobe has redone their color profile structure in Lightroom and ACR, and I’m finding these new profiles work better with Sony color science. Here’s some “people shots” that show the progress in skin tone rendering.
I’m encouraged by what I perceive as progress towards improved color science from Sony cameras
Check out the image galleries to really get a sense of what this camera can do with a variety of lenses!
a73 Autofocus
When I first heard some suggest that the a73 would have a BETTER autofocus system than the a7R3, I initially rejected the notion. “How could that be?”, I reasoned, as the a7R3 is still very new and costs nearly 60% more than the a73.
But it’s true. This video episode details the differences between the two.
It seems that while Sony did amazing work in packaging a fantastic sensor with extreme resolution into an extremely versatile camera with the a7R3, there were limits to what the processor could keep up with. The a73 is not saddled with the added burden of that extreme resolution, leaving Sony with the ability to swing for the fences with its AF system. What we got is probably 95%+ of the flagship Sony a9’s autofocus system. Here’s a look at a few of the highlights of where it trumps the AF system of the a7R3:
693 Phase Detect Points vs 399
93% Coverage vs 68%
Both with 425 Contrast Detection Points
So yes, it has nearly 300 more Phase Detect points which results in nearly the whole image frame being covering with focus points. The first image here shows the phase detect coverage of a73, the second the a7R3, and finally the Contrast Detection points they both share.
You can, essentially, focus anywhere. This just embarrasses the relatively puny area of coverage of the Canon 6D Mark II, which covers only 39% of the width and 30% of the height. Ouch!
And yes, in real world shooting I could see a difference. I had already found the focus system quite excellent in the a7R3, but the a73 works just a little bit better.
First of all, let’s highlight one of Sony’s proprietary technologies – Eye AF. When Eye AF is engaged it seeks to focus on the most important area to be in focus when shooting humans or animals – the eye. Eye AF works very well (even with many adapted lenses) and enables quick focus on the subject’s eyes…wherever they happen to be in the frame. This has several real-world benefits. One is that you spend less time trying to get a focus point where you want, enabling you to move more swiftly in a portrait session…or maybe get a shot in an event setting that you might have otherwise missed. It also provides more accuracy with wide aperture lenses in “outer points” than what I’m accustomed to seeing. Eye AF works better with a wider variety of lenses than I’ve ever seen.
Even when not using Eye AF, the focus system is excellent at picking up faces and tracking them, making autofocus often more intuitive. I enjoy being able to touch the LCD screen while using the viewfinder to override focus and slide the “flexible spot” AF point wherever I want it. For me mapping this to the right side of the screen and selecting “relative” in the menu results in the best experience for me.
The tracking abilities of the a73 are definitely improved over the a7R3. I tracked a sprinter moving towards me at top speed, and during an 82 image burst using the Sony/Zeiss Planar 50mm f/1.4 (at f/2) I could not detect even ONE misfocused image! When I repeated that scenario with the a7R3, I got several front and back-focused images during that same sequence. The Planar 1.4/50mm is hardly the top sports lens out there, so that made this performance doubly impressive. It also represented the absolute best focus experience I’ve ever had with a 50mm prime (and I’ve used and reviewed MANY of them!).
When trying to track with non-native glass and various adapters (including the Metabones Fifth Generation, Sigma MC-11, Vello EF to E adapter, and the new Commlite High Speed EF to E adapter), I got mixed results. When shooting single shots or short bursts I actually saw excellent results with various adapted lenses (including the Canon 100-400mm f/4.5-5.6L IS II, Tamron 70-210mm f/4 VC, and Tamron SP 85mm f/1.8 VC). When I attempted a sustained burst like the scenario I describe above, however, I found that the lens just stopped focusing even though the camera continued to hammer out frame after frame. The plane of focus just fell further and further behind.
Some have reported that Sony only supports 3 FPS (Low Speed Drive Mode) with continuous AF with adapted lenses.
Fortunately, when shooting birds in flight (and primarily panning), I got much better results.
Focus accuracy with adapted lenses was downright excellent (exceeding what I achieve on their native DSLRs), and while focus speed varies from lens to lens, I felt that adapting lenses is an increasingly successful endeavor. The very fact that you can adapt Canon EF mount lenses and use them successfully is a key advantage for Sony. Still, if you want to do critical work for sports or wildlife, I do think that using native lenses is going to produce the best result. Unfortunately, Sony still has a lot of work to do in providing more options for both consumer grade and professional grade telephoto options.
The a73’s ability to customize button functionality means that you can map key focus-related menu items to physical buttons (including Eye AF), which further aids ergonomics. If shooting with a native Sony lens (one with the AF Hold button) you can even map something like Eye AF to it.
One other interesting feature is the a73’s Silent Shutter mode, which, combined with the whisper quiet focus of lenses like the FE 24-105mm f/4 G OSS or the new Tamron 28-75mm f/2.8 Di III RXD, results in such a silent operation that the only indication of a photo having been taken is the writing of the file to the card. This is pretty huge for events or quiet venues, allowing you to take photos in a completely unobtrusive fashion. There are a few quirks with this, however, including the fact that it doesn’t work with the anti-flicker mode (which helps get even lighting results from lights that cycle – a common feature in many venues). It appears to be an either/or thing, which is unfortunate considering that these should be complimentary rather competing technologies.
The a73 has a truly exceptional focus system that I found a joy to use. It is fast, accurate, and flexible, and I love not having to calibrate lenses before I can expect good focus accuracy from them…even when shooting at wide apertures and far off center!
Buffer and Burst Rate
The a7R3 had taken the biggest jump in burst rate that I had ever seen in a camera line, and the a73 matches it…and some. While the a73 shares a burst rate that is up to 10 FPS with either mechanical or electronic shutter, its buffer deepens even further. It can now go to 89 RAW images, and up to 177 JPEG images. The a7R3 caps at 76 frames for either RAW or JPEG. When shooting tracking sequences, I had several situations where the a7R3 started to stutter and drop frames while the a73 showed no signs of slowing down.
Another bonus is that while you are still limited in what you can do while the camera is flushing the buffer and writing to the card, this happens much more quickly due to the smaller file sizes of the a73. I rarely found it an impediment in real-world shooting.
In some situations you can speed things by tweaking what format you are recording in and where you are writing to. You obviously want to prioritize the Slot 1 (UHS-II supported) card slot (and have a fast UHS-II card in there). Slot 2 only supports UHS-1, so, for me, that’s where I write JPEGs so that doesn’t slow me down. I like to shoot RAW + JPEG, but with the JPEGs stored on a second card to give me an automatic backup but also the alternative of grabbing JPEGs if I want them. You might get a little more speed if you were just writing to the UHS-II Slot/card.
This is an astoundingly good performance from an “entry-level” full frame camera.
One of the strengths of the Sony mirrorless brand for the past five years has been on the video side of things, where Sony has been far more aggressive than Canon or Nikon in introducing video features. Sony seems to have solved earlier issues that plagued video recording, including overheating and short battery life. Neither of those are an issue with the a73.
The nature of the resolution of the a73 also makes it a more natural video option than the a7R3. It has a near perfect 6K native resolution (6000×4000 pixels), which easily downsamples to a highly detailed 4K image without an “pixel-binning”. This allows for a perfect full frame readout at 24/25fps. If you want to film at 30fps, it goes to a downsampled 5K readout at a very mild 1.2x crop factor. Both formats are very, very clean and handle high ISO filming better than the a7R3.
You also have the option of shooting in the Super 35 Crop mode, which means you get the option of using lenses designed for that crop (APS-C lenses) without having vignette issues. It means that all of my lenses from the a6500 will also work on the a7R3 in Super 35 mode, which is fantastic!
A little note on Super 35: it is enabled by default, and the menu option to enable full frame mode isn’t as intuitive as what you might like. In my mind this should be a menu choice where you select between the two, but instead the menu option is essentially just turning Super 35 off, which then enables the full frame option. And even that is a little convoluted, as the default mode is “Auto” on Super 35, which is the best mode for stills (it detects whether a lens is APS-C or full frame and acts accordingly). For video, however, it’s as if that doesn’t apply any longer, and “Auto” always selects Super 35 regardless of the lens attached. So, you first have to switch Super 35/APS-C from Auto to Manual, and then turn Super 35 off. Like I said, a little more convoluted than what it should be. I personally map Super 35/Crop mode to the C1 button on Sony cameras so that I can quickly switch back and forth. I like having the option when shooting events so that I can change up framing without having to go into post (some clients want photos immediately so that they can push them out).
Things like picture profiles, S-Log2, S-Log3 and HLG gamma curves are included along with audio in & out and a clean 4:2:2 8-bit HDMI output.
The codec choices are mostly MP4 variants (XAVC-S) in a compressed IPB format that is limited to 100Mbs. 4K framerates are still limited to 24/25/30P, but you can now shoot 1080 footage up to 120P. On the codec front this is good news (compared to the Canon) for the average shooter (the footage looks great and takes up 1/5th of the space!), though it’s also a negative for the serious cinematographers who would prefer a higher bitrate, less compressed option.
Earlier Sony cameras had two main areas people complained about for video work: battery life and overheating issues. Both seem to be solved here. The new Z series battery is VASTLY improved, and for video work will give you about 3x the battery life of the older NP-FW50 packs in the a7RII. I had no issues with overheating at any time during my six-week review period.
One other ergonomic asset is that the dedicated video “record” button has moved from the somewhat awkward side position to a new location just to the right of the viewfinder on the back of the camera. The button itself is now more raised and easier to use. It’s definitely more logical, though long time Sony users will have to mentally readjust.
Sony employs a tilting screen much like the D850, which is better than the fixed screen on the 5D Mark IV but not nearly as useful as the fully articulating screen on the Canon 6D Mark II. For video work, however, the tilting screen is useful, whether using it handheld or on a gimbal.
One issue does remain, however, and that is that Sony’s touchscreen is still rather lackluster. Beyond this, the “touch-to-focus” selection box is extremely small and a sort of grey color that seems to disappear, making it hard to know where the focus point is. The touchscreen isn’t as responsive as that on the 5D Mark IV, thus selecting a point of focus in general is a much poorer experience in general.
On a positive note, however, Sony’s face tracking during video is much improved. I still find Canon’s industry-leading DPAF a hair better, but the a73’s face tracking and smoothness of Servo AF during video is the closest I’ve seen to. It is miles ahead of the rather poor tracking capabilities of the Nikon D850.
Sony’s EVF has an extra degree of usefulness when recording video, as you can playback video clips not only on the screen but on the viewfinder. I find this very useful if I’m recording in bright, sunny conditions where it’s difficult to see anything on the LCD screen. I can get better feedback on the levels of my footage that way.
Sony’s built in 5 axis Steady Shot OSS is undoubtedly useful, as it applies equally to whatever lens you may have mounted for video. I think Sony’s IBIS works a little better for stills than video, though, and your best results will come from using a gimbal assembly of some kind.
I seriously doubt any hybrid body does as a good of job for both photos and video than the a73. It is impressive!
I was still in Sony a7R3 mode when the a73 was announced, and I wondered at the timing of Sony’s announcement. I was also more excited about the a7R3 because of it’s huge improvements along with the fantastic resolution. I went into this review with no interest in owning an a73 for myself, but, having now spent some serious time with one, I have reconsidered. I’m seriously considering adding the a73 to my kit, selling the a6500, and just using the crop mode on the a7R3 when testing APS-C glass. I can easily see the benefits of having the a73 for 1) shooting events, where the 24MP resolution and amazing low light performance makes it a top choice and 2) shooting action, where having incredibly high resolution is less important. In many ways it is a complimentary camera to the a7R3. I have only a few complaints: I miss the higher resolution EVF on the a7R3, find the APS-C mode less useful, and continue to be seriously disappointed in Sony touchscreens. And that’s about as much negative as I can come up with. The DSLR vs Mirrorless debate will continue, but regardless of what side of the fence you land, this is a great camera. Sony swung for the fences with the new Sony a73, and I think they connected.
Great focus system that is easily the best in class
Great price-to-performance ratio
Awesome battery life
Improved color science
Incredible low light (high ISO) performance
Excellent dynamic range
Excellent frame rate and buffer depth
Solid In Body Image Stabilization
Outstanding video performance
APS-C mode is much less useful than a7R3 for stills
Lower resolution viewfinder makes shooting experience less enjoyable than a7R3
Touchscreen execution continues to be lackluster
Clunky GPS/smartphone implementation
No dedicated battery charger included
Still a dust magnet – plan on blowing off the sensor often!
Gear Used:
Sony a73 Camera: B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon Canada | Amazon UK | Ebay
Sony a7R III Camera: B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon.ca | Amazon UK | Ebay
Peak Design Slide Lite: Peak Design Store | B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon Canada | Amazon UK
Sony a6500: B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon.ca | Amazon UK | Ebay
Peak Design Leash Strap: B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon Canada | Amazon UK
BenQ SW271 4K Photo Editing Monitor – B&H Photo | Amazon | Amazon.ca | Amazon UK
Adobe Photoshop Creative Cloud 1-Year Subscription
Alien Skin Exposure X2 (Use Code “dustinabbott” to get 10% anything and everything)
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Keywords: Sony a7III, Sony a73, Sony, Canon, Sony a73 Review, Sony a7 iii review, Sigma FE, Sigma, ART, FE, Dustin Abbott, Review, Sony A7R3, Sony A9, MC-11, Sample Images, Video Test, Autofocus test, Real World, Hands On, ISO, Dynamic Range, Resolution, Tracking, Video, Sony Alpha, ILCE7M3
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You are here: Home » News » Flood of new energy tariffs ‘could bamboozle customers’
Flood of new energy tariffs ‘could bamboozle customers’
Posted at December 6, 2016 » By : admin » Categories : News » Comments Off on Flood of new energy tariffs ‘could bamboozle customers’
Priyanka Shrestha
Markets Finance, Policy Legislation, Top Stories
More than 1,300 energy tariffs are to “flood” the market as the removal of the four-tariff rule comes into effect.
Independent energy supplier First Utility warns consumers could be “completely bamboozled” as a result of Ofgem removing the restrictions.
Although the rule was officially removed last week, suppliers were free to start offering more than four tariffs per fuel in the summer.
First Utility compared the average number of tariffs per energy supplier in 2011, i.e. before Ofgem introduced rules limiting suppliers to just four tariffs each, until today.
It found there were 400 tariffs available from 13 suppliers at the time, meaning the average number of tariffs available per supplier was 31.
That has increased to 873 tariffs at an average of 20 per supplier today, it adds.
If the market returned to the previous average tariff offering before Ofgem’s Retail Market Review (RMR), with 43 suppliers offering 31 tariffs each, consumers could be faced with a staggering 1,364 tariffs to choose from, according to First Utility.
The proposal to remove the four-tariff rule was suggested by the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) which has been supported by Ofgem.
First Utility previously told ELN consumers are not engaged in the energy market because of the Big Six and believes the CMA’s proposals “do little” to engage the 70% of the large suppliers’ customers who are on the most expensive tariff.
It adds the increase in tariff choices will “further confuse and turn customers off from the market” despite the savings available to those who do switch.
Ed Kamm, UK MD, First Utility said: “The CMA had a golden opportunity to make things fairer and simpler for all consumers. But their remedies do nothing to resolve what has become a ‘Tale of two markets’ – divided between those who shop around for the best deals and save hundreds and the disengaged or vulnerable who remain on the most expensive tariffs.
“The prospect of returning to the bad old days of confusion marketing, without any requirement to explain these tariffs in a way that makes sense to consumers, is hugely concerning. Why should customers be expected to wade through more than a thousand baffling options? This makes it harder for consumers to find and compare the best deals.”
Ofgem said it shares the CMA’s aim of wanting suppliers to offer a wider range of “good value” tariffs to consumers.
A spokesperson added: “When the rule was put in place we said that it was not a long term solution. Removing the rule allows suppliers to offer customers more innovative tariffs as the energy market becomes smarter. This could, for example, include bundling tariffs with energy efficiency products.
“We want to help people make informed choices about how to get a better deal. As part of this each supplier will have to make it easier for customers to compare its new deals. But we don’t want to see a return to confusopoly and we will watching suppliers closely.”
First Utility, four-tariff, Ofgem, Retail Market Review, RMR, UK
Article source: http://www.energylivenews.com/2016/12/06/flood-of-new-energy-tariffs-could-bamboozle-customers/
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Chicago Man Who Bludgeoned An Elderly Woman And Took Her Rings To Propose To His Girlfriend Get Life Without parole
By SunShyne
One has to wonder why people who constantly are doing harm to others are still able to walk the streets. Once a crime is committed with a weapon, the likelihood of that criminal not doing it again is somewhat slim. People do learn from their “mistakes” but in this case the criminal is deserving of the punishment he got. Read more how a Chicago man bludgeoned an elderly woman and used the woman’s rings from her hands to propose to his girlfriend. WOW…We’d sure hate to see what the wedding was going to be like!!
Read more as reported by ABC:
A day after Virginia Perillo was brutally attacked in her Bridgeport garage, her eldest son softly held her hand as she drew her last breath, assuring her it was OK to let go.
Later that week, Raymond Harris lovingly held the hands of his high school sweetheart and proposed with the wedding and engagement rings he took from 73-year-old Perillo after bludgeoning her, the Chicago Sun-Times is reporting.
It was a “cold and callous murder that was stifling and stunning,” Cook County Judge Charles Burns said Wednesday before sentencing Harris to life in prison without parole.
Burns said he didn’t want to “waste his breath” by telling the career criminal to improve his life behind bars.
“Your moral compass points due south,” a visibly angry Burns told Harris, who spent time in prison for two other violent incidents.
Burns said the 40-year-old Carpentersville man has built a “legacy of suffering and agony.”
Harris “left Perillo on the slab of her own garage like back-alley roadkill” and went on to “show off” the stolen rings as if he had “won the Super Bowl,” the judge said.
Perillo, who worked as a nurse, was found face down in a pool of blood next to a running car in her garage on Oct. 22, 2011.
Five days later, Harris popped the question to his longtime love, Lorraine Reed. She said “yes.”
But there would be no wedding.
Investigators were led to Harris after his DNA was found on a bloody watch that he left inside a car in Perillo’s garage in the 3300 block of South Parnell.
Harris may have had employees at a trophy shop erase Perillo’s initials off the rings, but he couldn’t get them to wash the blood off his hands, Burns said.
John Perillo on Wednesday described his mother as “humble and loving.” She was the “glue” that kept the family together, he said reading from his victim-impact statement.
Virginia Perillo had just returned from visiting an area hospital to check on her husband, who had suffered a stroke, before Harris accosted her.
Source: Sun-Times Media Wire – Copyright Chicago Sun-Times 2015.)
John Perillo said his dad now silently suffers through depression, which contributes to his physical ailments. “Our loss was so unexpected that we were not prepared for the repercussions,” he said.
Harris was paroled in May 2011 after serving 13 years of a 30-year sentence for his 1997 attempted murder and aggravated arson convictions.
Just three weeks before that attack, Harris had been released from prison for a 1993 armed robbery, vehicular invasion and burglary. In that case, Harris brandished a gun at a woman leaving her car outside her home.
Both victims in those crimes briefly testified for the prosecution on Wednesday.
Outside of court, John Perillo, 40, said Harris’ sentencing gave him “legal closure” because “he won’t be able to harm anyone else.”
“Emotionally, mentally we’re still suffering on some level,” John Perillo said of his grieving family. “We’re still sad.”
Source: ABC
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How to Improve Your Performance in JEE Main April Attempt?
Updated on Apr 24, 2020 - 7:17 a.m. IST by Team Careers360 #JEE Main
How to Improve Your Performance in JEE Main April Attempt?-NTA has announced that JEE Main 2020 will now be conducted in June which was earlier scheduled to be conducted in April due to Covid-19 situation. Candidates appearing for the upcoming attempt of JEE Main will have a good chance to improve their performance in JEE Main April attempt. They will already have an idea about the exam pattern, types of questions asked, difficulty level of the exam. Candidates who have already appeared in the January session will also be aware about their weaknesses and strengths to be more prepared for the April attempt. Read the full article to know ways and strategies and find answers to the question on “How to Improve your performance in JEE Main April attempt?”
JEE Main April 2020
JEE Main April 2020 was scheduled to be conducted in April but it has been postponed due to the current situation of Covid-19. It will now be conducted on July 18, 20, 21, 22 and 23. JEE Main 2020 is a computer based test (CBT) for admissions into various Engineering undergraduate courses.
Overview on How to improve your performance in JEE Main April attempt
Students preparing for the national level engineering entrance might have already appeared for the January attempt. They must now be analysing their performance in JEE Main January and looking for answers to the question on how to improve your performance in JEE Main April attempt. To ease their stress and help them, Careers360 have compiled the preparation tips and strategies for the students. Some of them are mentioned below:
Analyse from the result- JEE Main 2020 result has already been declared for the January session. Students who already appeared in that can analyse their performance and find out how much do they need to improve to get the desired results.
Know your weaknesses- Figure out the weak areas which require the most efforts and hard work from you. Find where you left behind in the January exam and what not to do in this upcoming attempt. Focus more on the areas which are weak and demand more hard work and attention.
Don’t forget strengths- Do not forget what your strengths are. Strong areas are the areas which will help the most to score well in the exam. Focus on the weak areas but do not let the stronger areas and your strengths become your weakness.
Exam Pattern- Go through the exam pattern again to have a deep insight about how the questions are asked. Know the number of questions, types of questions, marking scheme and other important details.
Practise- Practise more and more for improvement. Go through the question papers of the January attempt and practise from them to get familiar with the exam.
Mock Tests- Attempt as many JEE Main mock tests possible. Mock tests help in analysing the preparation level. Students can then focus on the weak areas to boost up the preparation.
Spend time wisely- This is the time when board exams are also over so all the focus can be put into the preparation for JEE Main April attempt. Spend the time wisely applying the time management skills. Stay away from all the distractions.
Relax- Do not stress yourself much as taking stress and overexertion will not be of any help.
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December 13, 2017 Updated 12:46 GMT
Homepage : Comment : After Saleh, the outlook in Yemen remains bleak
Barak Barfi
After Saleh, the outlook in Yemen remains bleak
Since 2009, Washington has carried out between 226 and 278 drone strikes in Yemen [AFP]
Date of publication: 12 December, 2017
Comment: If Yemen is to set itself on its feet again, its leader must address long-festering issues they have conveniently skirted in favour of placating patrons, writes Barak Barfi.
Yemen, Saleh, Hadi, US, Houthis, Iran, drone warfare, al-Qaeda
Thirty-eight years after the Washington Post paper leaked an intelligence estimate predicting the "erratic, unpopular" Yemeni President Ali Abdallah Saleh would fall in six months, he finally succumbed to the machinations that did in so many of his predecessors.
Saleh vacillated between supporting jihadist causes and backing the American campaign against al-Qaeda, all the while vexing allies and foes. His death and the challenges Yemen now faces illustrate everything that is wrong in Washington's approach to a Middle East it has consistently failed to navigate.
America merely drifts from crisis to crisis, caught in a whirlwind from which it cannot escape.
Much like Iraq's Saddam Hussein and Libya's Muammar Gaddafi, the legacy Saleh bequeaths to his successor does not leave much room for optimism. Yemen is a country in name more than anything else. It lacks institutions and national solidarity, and the wily Saleh was forced to rely on tribes and makeshift alliances to assure his rule.
While Arab governments incarcerated their citizens returning from the Afghan campaign against the Soviets, Saleh not only lavished his with honours, but welcomed those from other nations to fight his battles, including a 1994 civil war.
Saleh used oil wealth to create a patronage network loyal solely to him, thus throttling economic development while creating a culture of corruption. He staffed key military and security positions with family and tribal members. Though Saleh allowed the opposition to make substantial gains in limited democratic elections in 1993, by 2006 he had stifled competition, giving his party a monopoly on power.
Yemenis are angry that America has transformed their country into a test tube experiment for its drone research programme
Saleh ruled by making conflicting promises. Despite exasperating colleagues, he was always accessible and willing to listen, according to a 2007 interview with Yassin Numan, the then leader of the opposition Socialist party.
Saleh equally confounded Democratic and Republican administrations whose various Yemen policies failed miserably. When he refused to condemn the 1990 Iraqi invasion of Kuwait, President George Bush terminated an aid programme.
President Bill Clinton sought to improve relations, allowing naval ships to refuel in Aden. That experiment ended in disaster when al-Qaeda bombed the USS Cole, killing 17 Americans. President George W. Bush relied on Saleh in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, making him the poster boy of his "War on Terror".
But by 2009, President Barack Obama had launched cruise missiles against Yemen's burgeoning al-Qaeda affiliate. And since then, Washington has carried out between 226 and 278 drone strikes in Yemen. These "targeted" killings have failed to eradicate the organisation, which has instead grown in strength and popularity.
Yemenis are angry that America has transformed their country into a test tube experiment for its drone research programme.
Ultimately, Washington views regional relations exclusively through the prism of counter-terrorism. In 2005, USAID, the State Department's assistance arm, noted its "overall goal in Yemen is to support the United States government's foreign policy objectives in the war on terrorism".
Yemen is a paragon of an Arab world whose leaders see their country as the personal fiefdom of the military (Egypt), particular tribes (Yemen), sect (Bahrain, Iraq and Syria) or region (Jordan).
But the lack of coherent governance, poor social services and rampant corruption are the biggest problems facing ordinary civilians in much of the region. A United States reluctant to make their grievances a priority allows jihadists to fill the vacuum, thus creating a viscous circle from which Washington cannot extricate itself.
Today, Yemen's al-Qaeda affiliate controls and governs large swaths of territory where it acts with impunity. But tackling this jihadist threat is unlikely to be the chief priority of Saleh's successor.
Washington views regional relations exclusively through the prism of counter-terrorism
Nor will President Abd Rabbo Mansur Hadi make improving poor governance a principal goal; he has more pressing matters. The Iranian-backed Houthi rebels who took over much of the Yemen in 2014 terrify his Saudi patrons far more than al-Qaeda's growing hold over parts of the country.
Yemenis do not expect extraordinary things of their leaders. The writ of the government has never extended past the roads that connect its scattered villages. Beyond that, where the asphalt gives way to the blowing sands of the desert, tribes rule.
But what they do hope for, is a modicum of stability among the chaos that has engulfed their nation this decade. To attain it, Saleh's successors must build a more inclusive political base, while ceasing to provide tribal elders and other actors the patronage they have come to view as their birth right.
If Yemen is ever to set itself on its feet again, its leader must address long-festering issues they have conveniently skirted in favour of placating patrons. And Washington will have to offer something that goes beyond the scrap metal from the hellfire missiles its drones continue to litter across the country.
Barak Barfi is a research fellow at the New America Foundation, where he specialises in Arab and Islamic Affairs.
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Saleh's death, checkmate
What war in Yemen looks like after Saleh
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Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
RING finger E3 ligase PPP1R11 regulates TLR2 signaling and innate immunity
Alison C McKelvey,
Travis B Lear,
Sarah R Dunn,
John Evankovich,
James D Londino,
Joseph S Bednash,
Yingze Zhang,
Bryan J McVerry,
Yuan Liu,
Bill B Chen ,
University of Pittsburgh, United States;
Short Report Nov 2, 2016
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes many types of PAMPs that originate from gram-positive bacteria. Here we describe a novel mechanism regulating TLR2 protein expression and subsequent cytokine release through the ubiquitination and degradation of the receptor in response to ligand stimulation. We show a new mechanism in which an uncharacterized RING finger E3 ligase, PPP1R11, directly ubiquitinates TLR2 both in vitro and in vivo, which leads to TLR2 degradation and disruption of the signaling cascade. Lentiviral gene transfer or knockdown of PPP1R11 in mouse lungs significantly affects lung inflammation and the clearance of Staphylococcus aureus. There is a negative correlation between PPP1R11 and TLR2 levels in white blood cell samples isolated from patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections. These results suggest that PPP1R11 plays an important role in regulating innate immunity and gram-positive bacterial clearance by functioning, in part, through the ubiquitination and degradation of TLR2.
The human toll-like receptor (TLR) family consists of ten family members (TLR1-TLR10) (Chuang and Ulevitch, 2004). TLRs are single transmembrane pattern recognition receptors that recognize molecules derived from various pathogens, referred to as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) (Crespo-Lessmann et al., 2010; Delgado et al., 2008; Esen and Kielian, 2006; Chalifour et al., 2004; Tobian et al., 2003) . TLRs are highly conserved from invertebrates to mammals, and are essential for mediating innate immunity and the production of cytokines in response to infectious agents (O'Neill, 2000). All TLRs share common structural features, including multiple leucine-rich repeats (LRR), a transmembrane domain, and a conserved cytoplasmic Toll−interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R) domain (TIR domain) (Chuang and Ulevitch, 2004) . Specifically, LRR motifs from individual TLRs provide ligand binding sites for diverse PAMPs, whereas the TIR domain interacts with several intracellular proteins such as MyD88, which is essential for the transduction of downstream signaling (Fitzgerald et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2000). Within the TLR family, TLR2 possesses the unique ability to recognize glycolipids, lipopeptides, lipoproteins, and lipoteichoic acids from gram-positive bacteria. Thus, TLR2 is the key element of innate immunity that defends against gram-positive bacteria (Raby et al., 2013). TLR2 is expressed not only in immune cells, but is also present in pulmonary alveoli and airway epithelial cells, suggesting that it plays a role in mucosal innate immunity and infection-induced lung injury (Charles et al., 2011; Hertz et al., 2003; Hoth et al., 2012; Jiang et al., 2005). Interestingly, TLR2 deficient mice are highly susceptible to S. aureus infection (Takeuchi et al., 2000), and in humans, a loss-of-function TLR2 mutation has been linked to susceptibility to infectious and inflammatory diseases, faster disease progression, and a more severe course of sepsis in critically ill patients (Bronkhorst et al., 2013; Janardhanan et al., 2013; Nachtigall et al., 2014; Stappers et al., 2014). These studies illustrate the protective role of TLR2 in response to inflammatory insults and infectious diseases. Therefore, TLR2 augmentation may be a novel therapeutic strategy in the fight against gram-positive infection.
Ubiquitination of proteins brands them for degradation, either via the proteasome or the lysosome, and regulates diverse processes (Tanaka et al., 2008). First, using ATP, the catalytically active cysteine (C) residue of the E1-activating enzyme forms a high energy thioester bond to the C-terminal glycine of ubiquitin (Ub) and then, using another ATP, transfers it to the active center C of the E2 Ub conjugating enzyme (Ubc) (Jin et al., 2007). Finally, the C-terminus of Ub is attached to the ε-amino lysine (K) residue of the substrate, mediated by an E3 ligase that typically targets a substrate marked by a particular post-translational degron (Skaar et al., 2013). The mechanism of protein ubiquitination is dependent on the type of E3 ligase: SCF, RING finger, U-box, or HECT (Jin et al., 2007; Skaar et al., 2013; Hatakeyama et al., 2001; Dikic and Robertson, 2012). Of the many E3 ligases, the RING finger domain E3 superfamily remains poorly characterized. Functional data are available for only about a dozen of the over 300 predicted ligases, such as MDM2 and several RNF and TRIM proteins (Fang et al., 2000; Joazeiro and Weissman, 2000; Lorick et al., 1999; Metzger et al., 2012). RING finger E3 ligases contain a unique RING (Really Interesting New Gene) finger domain that consists of two zinc finger type domains (Borden and Freemont, 1996; Freemont et al., 1991; Lovering et al., 1993). In this study, we characterize a previously undescribed RING finger E3 ligase family member, PPP1R11, and identify its role in regulating cytokine secretion through targeted TLR2 protein ubiquitination and degradation. These studies describe a new molecular mechanism contributing to mucosal innate immunity.
TLR2 polyubiquitination is regulated by RING E3 ligase PPP1R11
We first investigated TLR2 protein degradation using a transformed murine lung epithelial (MLE) cell line. MLE cells express high levels of TLR2 protein (Data not shown). Cells were stimulated with the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, and TLR2 protein levels decreased after 4 hr. However, co-treatment with the proteasomal inhibitor MG-132 preserved TLR2 protein levels, while treatment with the lysosomal inhibitor leupeptin did not. Further, cell lysates from these treatments were subjected to TLR2 immunoprecipitation and Ubiquitin immunoblotting. High molecular weight ubiquitin signals in TLR2 immunoprecipitate were detected only in cell lysates treated with MG-132 (Figure 1A). Taken together, this suggests that the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, induces the polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TLR2 via the proteasome. We also investigated the type of ubiquitin linkage on TLR2 using a UbiCRest (Ubiquitin Chain Restriction Analysis) assay (Hospenthal et al., 2015). Polyubiquitinated TLR2 was subjected to several deubiquitinating enzymes (DUB) that target specific ubiquitin linkages (Figure 1—figure supplement 1A). As shown in Figure 1B, USP2, a DUB that non-specifically targets all ubiquitin linkages, completely reduced polyubiquitinated TLR2. We also observed a drastic decrease in TLR2 ubiquitination in the OTUB1 treated sample, which suggests that TLR2 ubiquitination is regulated in part through K48 ubiquitin linkage. We also observed K48-specific ubiquitin linkage of TLR2 following TLR2 immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting (Figure 1—figure supplement 1B). MG-132 dramatically increased the half-life of TLR2 (Figure 1—figure supplement 1C) and Ubiquitin overexpression drastically reduced TLR2 protein levels and half-life (Figure 1—figure supplement 1D, Figure 1C). These studies suggest that TLR2 protein degradation occurs in a ubiquitin-dependent manner.
Next, we tested over fifty E3 ligases that might be involved in TLR2 degradation (Data not shown) and found that overexpression of PPP1R11 decreased TLR2 levels (Figure 1—figure supplement 2A). Ectopic expression of PPP1R11 triggered TLR2 degradation in a dose dependent manner (Figure 1D) without affecting its mRNA levels (Figure 1—figure supplement 2B). Furthermore, ectopic PPP1R11 expression significantly decreased the half-life of TLR2 (Figure 1E), whereas PPP1R11 knockdown markedly increased its lifespan (Figure 1F, Figure 1—figure supplement 2C). Conversely, we observed no effect on TLR2 decay with the expression and silencing of fellow RING E3 ligase PCGF1 (Figure 1—figure supplement 2D–E). To confirm PPP1R11 as an authentic TLR2 target, we performed an in vitro ubiquitination assay using TLR2 as the substrate and observed polyubiquitination of TLR2 (Figure 1G).
TLR2 polyubiquitination is regulated by PPP1R11.
(A) Murine lung epithelial (MLE) cells were treated with Pam3CSK4 with or without MG-132 or Leupeptin in a time-dependent manner. Cells were collected and immunoblotted for TLR2 and Actin. Endogenous TLR2 was also immunoprecipitated and followed by Ubiquitin immunoblotting. (B) MLE cells were pretreated with MG-132 for 18 hr to induce accumulation of polyubiquitinated TLR2 protein. Endogenous TLR2 was immunoprecipitated using TLR2 antibody and protein A/G beads. After washing, TLR2 beads were then incubated with different DUBs before being assayed for ubiquitin immunoblotting. (C) TLR2 protein half-life determination in MLE cells transfected with Empty plasmid or Ubiquitin plasmid. Cells were collected and immunoblotted for TLR2, HA, and Actin. Below the panel levels of each protein on immunoblots were quantified densitometrically (Normalized to time zero) and shown graphically. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 3); *, p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test. (D) Immunoblots showing levels of TLR2 proteins, V5, and Actin after PPP1R11 or PCGF1 plasmid dose over-expression. (E–F) TLR2 protein half-life determination in MLE cells with empty or PPP1R11 plasmid expression (E); TLR2 protein half-life determination with Control or PPP1R11 siRNA expression (F). Below each panel levels of each protein on immunoblots were quantified densitometrically (Normalized to time zero) and shown graphically. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 3); *p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test. (G) In vitro ubiquitination assay. Purified E1 and E2 components were incubated with TLR2-V5, PPP1R11, and the full complement of ubiquitination reaction components for different lengths of time. (H) In vitro ubiquitination assay. PPP1R11-V5 was incubated with purified E1, varying E2s, biotinylated ubiquitin, and the full complement of ubiquitination reaction components. The reaction mixture was subjected to streptavidin pulldown prior to V5 immunoblotting. (I) PPP1R11 protein was immunoprecipitated from cell lysate using a PPP1R11 antibody and coupled to protein A/G beads. PPP1R11 beads were then incubated with in vitrosynthesized products expressing V5‐tagged E2 conjugating enzymes. After washing, proteins were eluted and processed for V5 immunoblotting. (J) Endogenous PPP1R11 was also immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted for UBE2D.
Figure 1—source data 1
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To investigate the in vivo relevance of the PPP1R11/TLR2 pathway, we assayed white blood cell (WBC) pellets for PPP1R11 and TLR2 expression in control and S. aureus-infected patients from our Acute Lung Injury Registry and Biospecimen Repository (Coon et al., 2015). Control patients were mechanically ventilated patients intubated for airway protection without clinical evidence of or risk factors for ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome), while S. aureus-infected patients had evidence of S. aureus in tracheal aspirates, blood, or both, and had evidence of or risk factors for ARDS. In control patients, we observed no correlation between PPP1R11 and TLR2 levels, but observed a significantly negative PPP1R11/TLR2 correlation in S. aureus-infected patients. We interpret these data to suggest that during S. aureus infection, TLR2 levels may be attenuated in part by PPP1R11 expression. This study suggests that the PPP1R11/TLR2 pathway may be relevant in the innate immune response to S. aureus infection in patients (Figure 1—figure supplement 2F).
RING finger E3 ligases utilize several unique residues, such as cysteine and histidine, to interact with zinc and form the two RING finger domains required for E3 ligase activity (Borden, 1998). They are characterized by the unique property of auto-ubiquitination (Amemiya et al., 2008; Deshaies and Joazeiro, 2009). We confirmed that PPP1R11 is an authentic ring finger E3 ligase by showing its ability to auto-ubiquitinate in the presence of ubiquitin, E1, and several different E2 conjugating enzymes (Figure 1H). We also showed that several E2 conjugating enzymes such as UBE2R1 and UBE2D2 preferably interact with PPP1R11 in vitro (Figure 1I). Lastly, we showed that PPP1R11 interacts with endogenous UBE2D2 through cellular co-immunoprecipitation (Figure 1J). We also selectively mutated several key residues of PPP1R11 putative RING finger (Figure 1—figure supplement 3A) and showed their loss-of-function in inducing TLR2 degradation (Figure 1—figure supplement 3B). H126 was chosen as negative control since it is outside of the RING finger domains. The effect of PPP1R11 was specific to TLR2, as an ectopic expression of PPP1R11 did not alter TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, or TLR9 protein levels (Figure 1—figure supplement 4). These experiments suggest that PPP1R11 is an authentic RING finger E3 ligase that specifically induces TLR2 ubiquitination and degradation.
PPP1R11 regulates Pam3CSK4-induced TLR2 protein degradation and inflammation
To further elucidate the PPP1R11/TLR2 pathway in cells, we treated MLE cells with the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4. We observed a time-dependent increase in PPP1R11 protein levels and decrease in TLR2 protein levels with this treatment (Figure 2A). Further, cell lysates from these conditions were subjected to TLR2 immunoprecipitation, and high levels of PPP1R11 protein were detected in cells treated with Pam3CSK4 for 4 and 6 hr. PPP1R11/TLR2 association at these time points also reflects the highest degree of TLR2 protein loss (Figure 2A). We also examined the role of PPP1R11 in Pam3CSK4-induced TLR2 protein degradation, and upon ectopic expression of PPP1R11, we observed an accelerated decay of TLR2 protein with Pam3CSK4 treatment (Figure 2B). Last, we performed PPP1R11 knockdown in MLE cells, and we observed stabilized TLR2 protein levels as well as less ubiquitination upon Pam3CSK4 treatment as compared to control siRNA (Figure 2C). TLR2 immunoprecipitation also showed protein ubiquitination beginning at 1 hr post Pam3CSK4 treatment, which is consistent with increased PPP1R11/TLR2 association (Figure 2A). These studies suggest that the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, induces TLR2 degradation, in part, through the ubiquitination of TLR2 by the E3 ligase PPP1R11.
PPP1R11 regulates Pam3CSK4-induced TLR2 protein degradation and inflammation.
(A) MLE cells were treated with Pam3CSK4 in a time-dependent manner. Cells were collected and immunoblotted for PPP1R11, TLR2, and Actin. Endogenous TLR2 was also immunoprecipitated and immunoblotted for PPP1R11. (B) MLE cells were transfected with either empty or PPP1R11 plasmid. 24 hr later, cells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 in a time-dependent manner. Cells were collected and immunoblotted for V5, TLR2, and Actin. (C) MLE cells were transfected with either control or PPP1R11 siRNA. 48 hr later, cells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 in a time-dependent manner. Cells were collected and immunoblotted for V5, TLR2, and Actin. Endogenous TLR2 was also immunoprecipitated and followed by ubiquitin immunoblotting. (D–E) MLE cells were transfected with either empty, PPP1R11, or TRIM52 plasmid. 24 hr later, cells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 in a time-dependent manner. Cell media was then collected and assayed for IL-6 and CXCL1 (Data represent mean values ± SEM n = 4; *p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test). (F–G) MLE cells were transfected with either control or PPP1R11 siRNA. 48 hr later, cells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 in a time-dependent manner. Cell media was then collected and assayed for IL-6 and CXCL1 (Data represent mean values ± SEM n = 4; *p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test).
We also generated a series of TLR2 lysine mutants to further characterize the mechanism of ubiquitin transfer to TLR2. Mutation of lysine 754 to arginine (K754R) within TLR2 resulted in its highest level of stability, a much extended half-life (Figure 2—figure supplement 1A), and resistance to Pam3CSK4-induced degradation (Figure 2—figure supplement 1B). K754R TLR2 is also resistant to in vitro ubiquitination and degradation during PPP1R11 co-expression (Figure 2—figure supplement 1C–D). We confirmed that the K754R mutant TLR2 is expressed and localized normally in cells (Figure 2—figure supplement 1E). This suggests that the extended stability of the TLR2 K754R mutant is due to its inability to be ubiquitinated by PPP1R11 and that K754 is a potential PPP1R11 ubiquitination site within TLR2. Since Pam3CSK4 induces the TLR2 signaling pathway that leads to cytokine release, we hypothesized that by ubiquitinating TLR2, the E3 ligase PPP1R11 is able to suppress the TLR2 signaling pathway. Indeed, ectopic expression of PPP1R11 reduces both IL-6 and CXCL1 cytokines by 40–50% upon Pam3CSK4 treatment (Figure 2D–E), whereas PPP1R11 knockdown significantly increased both IL-6 and CXCL1 cytokine release in MLE cells (Figure 2F–G). Cytokine release upon overexpression and knockdown of fellow RING E3 ligase Trim52 resulted in no significant difference relative to controls (Figure 2—figure supplement 1F–G). Finally, we embarked on gene editing experiments to confirm the regulatory role of PPP1R11 on TLR2 and cytokine release. Utilizing CRISPR-Cas9 technology, we generated a 2 bp deletion in the first exon of Ppp1r11 in MLE cells leading to an immediate pre-mature stop codon. Following colony expansion, we assayed protein half-life and observed stabilized TLR2 half-life in the Ppp1r11 KO cells relative to control (Figure 2—figure supplement 2A). We also challenged PPP1R11 KO cells with PAM3CSK4, and observed increased IL-6 and CXCL1 cytokine release relative to control cells (Figure 2—figure supplement 2B–C). From these observations we believe PPP1R11 suppresses TLR2-linked inflammatory signaling.
PPP1R11 gene transfer reduces lung inflammation and decreases bacterial clearance
To further characterize the role of PPP1R11 in TLR2-mediated infection, mice were infected with an empty lentivirus or lentivirus encoding PPP1R11. The mice were then challenged with Staphylococcus aureus (intratracheally, 108 CFU). S. aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, is a significant contributor to nosocomial pneumonia, sepsis-associated acute lung injury (ALI), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (Hudson et al., 1995; Ware and Matthay, 2000). Mice were euthanized before analysis of lung inflammation and systemic bacterial loads. PPP1R11 gene transfer significantly reduced lung inflammation shown by reduced lavage cytokines, protein concentrations, cell counts, and cell infiltrates (Figure 3A–E, and L). However, there were significantly higher bacterial loads in the lung, lavage fluid, blood, and liver (Figure 3F,G,H, and I), and there was a trend towards an increase in the spleen and kidney (Figure 3J,K). We also showed that in mice infected with S. aureus, PPP1R11 expression in the lung effectively reduced TLR2 protein levels (Figure 3M).
PPP1R11 gene transfer in the lung reduces lung inflammation and decreases bacterial clearance.
Lenti-Empty or Lenti-PPP1R11 (107PFU/mouse) was administered i.t. to C57BL/6J mice for 144 hr; mice were then infected i.t. with S. aureus (108 CFU). Mice were euthanized after 18 hr, and lungs were lavaged with saline, harvested, and then homogenized. Blood, liver, spleen, and kidney were also harvested and homogenized. (A–E) and (G). Lavage cytokines, BAL protein, BAL cell counts, and BAL bacterial counts were measured. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group; p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test). (F) and (H–K). Lung, blood, liver, spleen, and kidney bacterial counts were measured. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group; p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test). (L) H and E staining was performed on lung samples. Original magnification, 20X. Bar indicates 100 μm. (M) Mice lungs were isolated and assayed for TLR2, PPP1R11, and Actin immunoblotting.
PPP1R11 knockdown induces lung inflammation and increases bacterial clearance
To further confirm that PPP1R11 suppresses an inflammatory response through TLR2 in vivo, mice were first infected with lentivirus encoding control shRNA or Ppp1r11 shRNA and then challenged with S. aureus (intratracheally, 2.5*107 CFU). PPP1R11 knockdown significantly increased lavage cytokines, protein concentrations, cell counts, and cell infiltrates (Figure 4A–E, and J). Interestingly, increased lung inflammation further cleared bacterial loads in the lavage fluids, lung, and blood (Figure 4F,G, and H), and there was a trend towards decreased bacterial loads in the liver (Figure 4I). We also showed that in mice infected with S. aureus, PPP1R11 knockdown effectively increased TLR2 protein levels in the lungs (Figure 4K). Taken together, these results suggest that PPP1R11 is a negative regulator of TLR2 signaling and inflammatory cytokine release, which mediates the clearance of S. aureus after acute infection.
PPP1R11 knockdown induces lung inflammation and increases bacterial clearance.
Lenti-control shRNA or Lenti-PPP1R11 shRNA (107 PFU/mouse) was administered i.t. to C57BL/6J mice for 144 hr; mice were then infected i.t. with S. aureus (2.5*107 CFU). Mice were euthanized after 18 hr, and lungs were lavaged with saline, harvested, and then homogenized. Blood, liver, spleen, and kidney were also harvested and homogenized. (A–F) Lavage cytokines, BAL protein, BAL cell counts, and BAL bacterial counts were measured. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group; p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test). (G–I). Lung, blood, and liver bacterial counts were measured. The data represent mean values ± SEM (n = 8 mice per group; p<0.05, significant compared to Control, Student’s t-test).(J) H and E staining was performed on lung samples. Original magnification, 20X. Bar indicates 100 μm. (K) Mice lungs were isolated and assayed for TLR2, PPP1R11, and Actin immunoblotting.
Pattern recognition receptors play a critical role in mucosal immunity by sensing PAMPs from invading pathogens and initiating cellular responses to eliminate those pathogens. Here we show a novel mechanism by which the previously unrecognized RING finger E3 ligase, PPP1R11, attenuates TLR2 signaling in response to S. aureus infection by targeting TLR2 for proteasomal degradation. PPP1R11 (Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulatory Subunit 11) was originally described to interact with and inhibit protein phosphatase 1 activity (Zhang et al., 1998) . It also has another name, TcTex5 (T-Complex-Associated-Testis-Expressed 5), and it was implied that mutation of TcTex5 is associated with a mouse sperm motility abnormality in sterile t-haplotype mutant mice (Han et al., 2008; Pilder et al., 2007). However, its E3 ligase activity has never been described. Canonical RING finger domains contain the consensus sequence C-X2-C-X[9-39]-C-X[1-3]-H-X[2-3]-C-X2-C-X[4-48]-C-X2-C, where both cysteine and histidine residues are involved in zinc coordination (Borden and Freemont, 1996). However, we believe that PPP1R11 has a non-canonical RING finger domain with all the characteristics of a Ring finger E3 ligase (Figure 1G,H,I, Figure 1—figure supplement 3A). We show the relative specificity of TLR2 targeting by PPP1R11, as none of the other TLRs tested were degraded by PPP1R11 expression (Figure 1—figure supplement 4). However, it is possible that other E3 ligases target TLR2 for ubiquitination as this phenomenon has been well described with other substrates, e.g. SCF E3 ligase subunits Fbxw1, Fbxw7, Fbxw8, Fbxl1, Fbxo4, and Fbxo31 are all capable of ubiquitinating cyclin D1 (Skaar et al., 2009). We do not rule out other RING finger E3 ligase or even other E3 ligase family members to potentially target TLR2 for ubiquitination, however, our data suggest that PPP1R11 targets TLR2 for proteasomal degradation via ubiquitination.
Targeted TLR2 degradation by PPP1R11 may act as a negative feedback mechanism in the lung to prevent a harmful, excessive inflammatory response that causes severe lung injury. We have observed similar function of other E3 ligase proteins such as Fbxl19 in acute lung injury and pneumonia (Zhao et al., 2012). Indeed, we showed that treatment of MLE cells with TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, up-regulates PPP1R11 protein levels and gradually reduces TLR2 protein levels at about 4–6 hr (Figure 2A). We also showed that ectopic expression of PPP1R11 in MLE cells significantly reduced Pam3CSK4-induced cytokine release, and gene editing of PPP1R11 significantly increases ligand-induced cytokine release (Figure 2D–E; Figure 2—figure supplement 2B–C). This evidence suggests that PPP1R11 could be a natural inflammatory suppressor in cells, and this pathway could be utilized to target multiple types of stimuli-induced inflammation. While the targeted degradation of TLR2 may restrain excessive inflammatory responses, activation of this pathway is also critical for pathogen clearance. By manipulating levels of TLR2 in murine lungs through PPP1R11, we showed effects in downstream inflammation and S. aureus bacterial clearance (Figures 3 and 4). These results are in line with previous studies showing TLR2 deficient mice were more susceptible to S. aureus infection (Takeuchi et al., 2000). Specifically, higher inflammation in the lung might lead to lung injury, but also proved to be more efficient at clearing bacteria (Figure 4), whereas reduced inflammation in the lung is tissue-protective but fails to clear bacteria, which leads to systemic bacteremia (Figure 3). One approach to potentially control the balance between the beneficial effects of the inflammatory pathway and the harmful and excessive responses to pathogens is to manipulate PPP1R11. These results suggest that PPP1R11 inhibition might confer a protective phenotype against S. aureus pneumonia by augmenting TLR2 signaling, which is critical for bacterial clearance. As a proof-of-concept investigation, we observed a negative correlation between TLR2 and PPP1R11 protein levels in WBC pellets from S. aureus-infected patients. Interestingly, no correlation between PPP1R11 and TLR2 levels was observed in control patients (Figure 1—figure supplement 2D). This experiment suggests that the PPP1R11/TLR2 pathway is only active during S. aureus infection. It is likely that other regulators such as kinases are also involved in PPP1R11-driven TLR2 ubiquitination, which is common in E3 ligase substrate targeting (Chen et al., 2013; Lear et al., 2016). Further studies are warranted to investigate regulators that influence PPP1R11 expression and activity.
In conclusion, we show that the previously uncharacterized RING E3 Ligase, PPP1R11, is up-regulated in response to the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, and subsequently targets TLR2 for proteasomal degradation by ubiquitinating it at lysine 754. Down-regulation of TLR2 levels by PPP1R11 reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion but impairs bacterial clearance in response to S. aureus. Taken together, this study characterizes a novel innate immune regulatory mechanism involving PPP1R11-targeted degradation of the pattern recognition receptor TLR2.
Sources of the murine lung epithelial (MLE) cell line were described previously (Chen and Mallampalli, 2007; Ray et al., 2010). QuikChange II XL Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (200522) was from Aglient Technologies. Nucleofector 2b and nucleofection kits (AAB-1001) were from Amaxa. High capacity RNA-to-cDNA kits (4387406) were from Applied Biosystems. HEK293T cells (CRL-3216) were from ATCC. Thermal Cycler Life ECO (BYQ6078) was from BIOER Technology. Secondary antibodies (170–515/6) and CFX96 Touch Real-Time qPCR (1855196) were from BioRad. UbiCRest assay kit (K-400) was from Boston Biochem. Anti-TLR2 (12276), anti-Ubiquitin (3936, RRID:AB_331292), and anti-HA (3724, RRID:AB_1549585) antibodies were from Cell Signaling. Lenti-X Packaging System (631276) was from Clontech. Murine IL-1b (88–7261) and murine IL-6 (88–7064, RRID:AB_2574986) ELISA kits were from eBioscience. Ubiquitin E1, E2s, biotinylated ubiquitin (BML-UW0400) and cycloheximide (BML-GR310) were from Enzo. FBS (100–106) was from Gemini. DNA sequencing was performed at Genewiz. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium-F12 (11965–092) was from Gibco. Anti-V5 antibody (R960, RRID:AB_159298) was from Invitrogen. PAM3CSK4 (tlrl-pms) was from InvivoGen. C57BL/6J mice (000664, RRID:IMSR_JAX:000664) were from the Jackson Laboratory. SYBR Select Master Mix (4472918) was from Life Technologies. 35 mm Glass Bottom MakTek dishes (P35GCOL-0–10-C) were from MatTek. Alexa Fluor 488 Phalloidin (A12379, RRID:AB_2315147), Hoechst 33342 (H3570), Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate Donkey anti-Mouse IgG (R3711), Alexa Fluor 568 conjugate Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) (A-11004), Normal Goat Serum (50197Z) were from Molecular Probes. TnTT7 Quick Coupled Transcription/Translation System (L1170) was from Promega. Murine CXCL1 (DY453) and Murine TNF-a (DY410) ELISA kits were from R and D Systems. PPP1R11 CRISPR/Cas9 KO plasmid (SC-429347), Anti PPP1R11 antibody (SC-135427, RRID:AB_10840420), Anti UBE2D (SC-166278, RRID:AB_2210152), Anti UBE2H (SC-100620, RRID:AB_2210469) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti Actin antibody (A5441, RRID:AB_476744), leupeptin (L2884), TSB (22092), and Agar (A5306) were from Sigma Aldrich. PureLink RNA Mini kit (12183020), Strepavidin agarose resin (20349), and pcDNA3.1D V5/HIS/TOPO kit (K490040) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific. MG-132 (F1100) was from UBPBio.
Murine Lung Epithelial 12 cells (MLE) were from ATCC (CRL-2110) and cultured according to manufacturer’s instructions. The identity of the cell lines was monitored by microscope based morphology analysis and immunoblotting with multiple markers. The cell lines were checked for mycoplasma contamination using the MycoAlert Mycoplasma Detection Kit (Lonza, Switzerland). MLE cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium-F12 (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (DMEM-F12-10). For PPP1R11 overexpression in MLE cells, an Amaxa nucleofection kit was used following the manufacturer’s protocol. 24 hr later, cells were treated with doses of Pam3CSK4 up to 10 μg/ml. For PPP1R11 knockdown studies in MLE cells, scramble siRNA and PPP1R11 siRNA were used to transfect cells for 48 hr using electroporation. Cell lysates were prepared by brief sonication in 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris, 1.0 mM EDTA, 2 mM dithiothreitol, 0.025% sodium azide, and 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (Buffer A) at 4°C. For half-life study, MLE cells were exposed to cycloheximide (40 mg/ml) in a time dependent manner for up to 6 hr. Cells were then collected and immunoblotted. Protein densitometry was quantified through ImageJ and normalized to the zero time point for each set of condition.
UbiCRest assay
TLR2 protein was analyzed for ubiquitin linkage specificity via the UbiCRest method and following the manufacturer’s protocol (Hospenthal et al., 2015). MLE cells were treated with MG-132 (20 μM) for 18 hr prior to immunoprecipitation of endogenous TLR2 protein. TLR2 bound antibodies were conjugated to Protein A/G agarose resin and distributed among nine tubes. The TLR2-resins were incubated with deubiquitinases with varying specificities to the eight ubiquitin linkages. The deubiqutinases used and their working concentrations were USP2 (0.5 μM), OTULIN (0.5 μM), OTUB1 (0.5 μM), ZRANB1 (0.5 μM), STAMBP (0.5 μM), OTUD3 (0.5 μM), OTUD7A (0.1 μM), and OTU1 (0.5 μM). Following the reaction, TLR2 protein was eluted from resin and subjected to ubiquitin immunoblotting.
In vitro ubiquitin conjugation assays
The assay was performed in a volume of 25 ml containing 50 mM Tris pH 7.6, 5 mM MgCl2, 0.6 mM DTT, 2 mM ATP, 1.5 ng/ml E1, 10 ng/ml Ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzymes, 1 mg/ml ubiquitin (Calbiochem), 1 mM ubiquitin aldehyde, and in vitro synthesized V5-TLR2 and PPP1R11. Reaction products were immunoblotted for V5.
In vitro protein binding assays
PPP1R11 protein was immunoprecipitated from 1 mg MLE cell lysate using PPP1R11 antibody (rabbit) and coupled to protein A/G agarose resin. PPP1R11 beads were then incubated with in vitro synthesized products (50 ul) expressing V5-E2 conjugating enzymes. After washing, the proteins were eluted and processed for V5 immunoblotting.
RT–qPCR, cloning, and mutagenesis
Total RNA was isolated and reverse transcription was performed followed by real-time quantitative PCR with SYBR Green qPCR mixture as described (Butler and Mallampalli, 2010). All mutant PPP1R11 and TLR plasmid constructs were generated using PCR-based approaches using appropriate primers and subcloned into a pcDNA3.1D/V5-His vector.
Immunostaining
MLE cells were seeded in 35 mm MatTek glass-bottom dishes before the plasmid transfection. Cells were washed with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min, then exposed to 2% BSA, 1:500 mouse V5 antibody and 1:1000 Alexa 568 nm chicken anti-mouse antibody sequentially for immunostaining. The nucleus was counterstained with DAPI and F-actin was counterstained with Alexa 488-Phalloidin. Immunofluorescent cell imaging was performed on a Nikon A1 confocal microscope using 405 nm, 488 nm, or 567 nm wavelengths. All experiments were done with a 60x oil differential interference contrast objective lens.
Lentivirus construction
To generate lentivirus encoding PPP1R11, the Plvx-PPP1R11 plasmid was co-transfected with Lenti-X HTX packaging plasmids (Clontech) into 293FT cells following the manufacturer’s instructions. 72 hr later, the virus was collected and concentrated using Lenti-X concentrator.
CRISPR guide RNAs (gRNA) were generated by Santa Cruz Biotechnologies specific to the first exon of Ppp1r11 (TTGTAGGACGCCGTCCTTTG). MLE cells were transfected with 5 ug of plasmid. Transfection efficiency was confirmed via GFP expression. Cells were diluted and seeding to single-cell concentrations and sequence confirmed prior to half-life and cytokine studies.
All procedures were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. For pneumonia studies, C57BL6 micewere deeply anesthetized using a ketamine/xylazine mixture,and the larynx was well visualized under a fiber opticlight source before endotracheal intubation with a 3/400 24 gaugeplastic catheter. 107 CFU of lentivirus encoding genes for PPP1R11 or PPP1R11 shRNA was instilled i.t. for 144 hr before the administration of S. aureus (strain 29213, 2.5*107-108 CFU/mouse, i.t.) for 18 hr, after which animals were euthanized and assayed for BAL protein, cell count, cytokines, lung infiltrates, and tissue bacterial count (Coon et al., 2015; Zhao et al., 2012; Chen et al., 2013; Mallampalli et al., 2013)
Human samples
This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board. As part of an ongoing Acute Lung Injury Biospecimen Repository, blood was collected from critically ill, mechanically-ventilated patients admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital Medical Intensive Care Unit. Whole blood was treated with red blood cell lysis solution, and leukocytes were washed once with PBS prior to pelleting. Groups were separated into ‘control’ and ‘injury’ cohorts based on clinical evidence of or risk factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) as determined by an expert clinical panel. Control patients were mechanically ventilated without clinical evidence of or risk factors for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), while the injury cohort had clinical evidence of or risk factor for ARDS. For this study, samples were analyzed from a group of randomly selected control cohort patients (without S. aureus infection), as well as from patients with evidence of S. aureus infection (BAL, blood, or both) in the injury cohort. The Biospecimen Repository provided de-identified samples to this laboratory, and cell pellets were assayed for TLR2 and PPP1R11 proteins by immunoblotting, quantified using ImageJ software, and graphed in GraphPad. All data acquisition and densitometry was performed blinded prior to revealing cohort groups.
Statistical comparisons were performed with the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for continuous variables. All data were statistically analyzed by unpaired 2 sample t-test with p<0.05 indicative of statistical significance. All analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 6.
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Reviewing Editor; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
Thank you for submitting your article "RING Finger E3 Ligase PPP1R11 Regulates TLR2 Signaling and Innate Immunity" for consideration by eLife. Your article has been reviewed by Shao-Cong Sun (Reviewer #1) and Zhengfan Jiang (Reviewer #2) and the evaluation has been overseen by a Reviewing Editor and Tadatsugu Taniguchi as the Senior Editor.
The authors demonstrate that RING finger E3 ligase PPP1R11 can modulates polyubiquitination and degradation of TLR2 via proteasome, thus regulating TLR2-triggered the innate immunity. PPP1R11 is up regulated by TLR2 ligation and subsequently ubiquitinates TLR2 at lysine 754 for degradation, thereby suppressing cytokine production induced by TLR2/gram-positive bacterial infection. This work identifies a previously unreported RING finger E3 ligase in TLR2 regulation.
Essential revisions:
Further detailed investigation is needed for TLR2 polyubiquitination and degradation, and also in vitro experiments with CRISPR approach would be needed to improve the quality of this work. Another RING finger E3 ligase should be added as control to support the specificity of PPP1R11 in the regulation of TLR2.
In this manuscript, authors present a series of studies suggesting that a novel RING finger E3 ligase, PPP1R11, regulates polyubiquitination and degradation of TLR2 via proteasome. PPP1R11 is up regulated in response to the TLR2 ligand, Pam3CSK4, and subsequently ubiquitinates TLR2 at lysine 754 for degradation, thereby suppressing cytokine production induced by TLR2 signaling pathway. Overexpression or knockdown of PPP1R11 in mouse affects lung inflammation and bacterial clearance in response to staphylococcus aureus infection. Together, they conclude that PPP1R11 targets TLR2 for ubiquitination and degradation in vitro and in vivo, which is involved in the regulation of innate immunity induced by gram-positive bacterial infection. These findings are significant, since they characterize a previously unreported RING finger E3 ligase and suggest a new mechanism of TLR2 regulation. However, the authors should consider the following comments to further strengthen the work.
Major Points:
1) In Figure 1C and E, protein level of TLR2 is significantly lower in lane 4 than lane 1; however TLR2 densitometry figures showed identical TLR2 densitometry in these lanes. The authors should explain how the densitometry was calculated and normalized. It appears that the main difference is in the untreated lanes.
2) In Figure 2A, it appears that TLR2 degradation started from 1h following Pam3CSK4 stimulation, whereas PPP1R11 binding did not occur until 4h. Pam3CSK-induced TLR2 ubiquitination also started at 1h post-stimulation (Figure 2C). The authors should repeat this experiment to see whether this result is reproducible or due to experimental variations. If these data are reproducible, they would suggest the existence of another E3 that mediates the early stage of TLR2 ubiquitination. In such a case, the authors should discuss the results.
3) The mechanism underlying TLR2 ubiquitination was not investigated in depth. The authors should use chain-specific ubiquitin antibodies to examine whether TLR2 is conjugated with K48 ubiquitin chains or other chains (e.g. Figures 1A and 2C).
4) In Figure 1G, the protein level of TLR2 is drastically reduced after incubating TLR2 with E1, E2 and PPP1R11 in in vitro ubiquitin conjugation assays. Is this due to ubiquitination or degradation in the in vitro system? This result is quite different from that of Figure 1A, central panel (MG-132).
5) Figure 1B should indicate the amount of the individual DUBs and show a panel of DUB protein immunoblot.
6) In Figure 1—figure supplement 3, the authors find several key residues of PPP1R11 that are important for TLR2 degradation. It would be helpful if the authors the possible structural mechanisms and any rationales for testing these residues (e.g. are these conserved residues in certain domains?).
TLR2 is an important pattern recognition receptor that senses the pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), mainly those derived from gram-positive bacteria, to initiate downstream immune pathways and inflammation. As such, data on the regulation of TLR2 is important for our understanding of the immune response. The authors present data on the role of a novel RING finger E3 ligase PPP1R11 in regulating TLR2 abundance in both human and murine cell lines, as well as by gene-transfer in mice organs. Overall the manuscript is written in a clear logic and the experiments are well designed. The data presented are novel, and the regulatory effects for PPP1R11 on the pathogenesis of lung infection have been defined.
However, there are some major issues to be carefully considered before the manuscript is ready for publication on eLife.
First, most of the data in this manuscript are from ectopic expression or RNAi-mediated gene knockdown experiments. As gene-specific knockout using the CRISPR-Cas9 system is technically mature, data collected with those PPP1R11 knockout cell-lines or mice, if applicable, should undoubtedly make the conclusion more solid and reliable.
Second, the effects of PPP1R11 in TLR2-mediated infection are double faced. From the gene transfer experiments, we can see that the gain or loss of PPP1R11 results in a selection between a control of inflammation and bacteria clearance. This phenomenon, however, makes it a hard decision to manipulate this gene for an effective treatment of lung infection. The authors should carefully think over this issue and determine the physiological effects of PPP1R11.
Third, while the manuscript is well written, there are areas that would benefit from re-working in terms of English grammar and usage. These would make the manuscript flow better and, therefore, make it more pleasant for the reader. I would like to stress however that, in its current form, the manuscript is both readable and understandable.
Specific Points:
1) The control panel probing TLR2 from Figure 1A does not show a time-dependent decrease in the protein level of TLR2, for the TLR2 level at 4 hour treatment is higher than that at 2 hour treatment. This inconsistency should be corrected.
2) Figure 1E–F, another RING finger E3 ligase should be included in these experiments side by side with PPP1R11 to show that the latter is specific for TLR2. Using PCGF1 as in Figure 1D is just fine.
3) Figure 2F–G, an siRNA for another RING finger E3 ligase should be included in these experiments to show specificity. Using Trim52 as in Figure 2D–E is just fine.
4) Figure 3M, although a general trend is shown that PPP1R11 expression results in the loss of TLR2, individual consistency should be paid attention to, as gene transfer Mouse 1 should not display more TLR2 than Mouse 5 considering their PPP1R11 expression levels.
5) Figure 4K, similar to the point raised for Figure 3M, and more consistent panels are preferred for PPP1R11 and TLR2 expressions, if applicable.
[…] Reviewer #1:
[…] Major Points:
We have added more detail regarding our densitometry calculation to the figure legend and the methods. Briefly, we calculated densitometry through ImageJ and normalized to hour 0 for each condition. Lane 4 (hour 0 for both Ubiquitin overexpression and PPP1R11 overexpression) has lower TLR2 protein level to start due to the inherent enhanced derogatory environment of additional Ubiquitin and additional E3 ligase.
We have repeated this experiment and observed increased association of TLR2 and PPP1r11 at 1-hour post-stimulation (Figure 2A). This is consistent with the data in Figure 2C, in which TLR2 ubiquitination level increased at 1h following Pam3CSK4 treatment.
This is an excellent point. We immunoprecipitated TLR2 and observed significant K48-linked ubiquitin signal (Figure 1—figure supplement 1B). This is consistent with our data from the UBICrest assay, which suggests K48-ubiquitin linkages on TLR2. However, this does not rule out other species of ubiquitin linkages not associated with the degradation of TLR2. While study of these linkages will further help elucidate TLR signaling, we believe it is beyond the scope of this manuscript.
The protein level is due to degradation in the system. The in vitro ubiquitination assay composition includes rabbit reticulocyte lysate as part of the protein synthesis process in the TnT kit. In the past we have noticed baseline degradation due to the presence of proteasome and other degradative mechanisms in the reticulocyte lysate. We also hypothesize accelerated degradation occurs due to the cell-free nature of the assay.
Thank you for this comment; it is important as high concentrations of DUBs can lead to promiscuity. The working concentrations of the DUBs were 0.5 μM, except for OTUD7A which was 0.1 μM. This experimental detail has been added to the methods section. Additionally, we included a Coomassie gel to show the presence of DUB proteins in the reactions (Figure 1—figure supplement 1A).
We have included a cartoon showing the non-canonical ring finger domain including cluster of residues we mutated in the study (Figure 1—figure supplement 3A). We believe these residues form a putative set of atypical RING domains, granting PPP1R11 activity as an E3 Ligase. Further, we included a negative control mutation (H126A) which retains activity in TLR2 degradation (Figure 1—figure supplement 3B).
[…] First, most of the data in this manuscript are from ectopic expression or RNAi-mediated gene knockdown experiments. As gene-specific knockout using the CRISPR-Cas9 system is technically mature, data collected with those PPP1R11 knockout cell-lines or mice, if applicable, should undoubtedly make the conclusion more solid and reliable.
We used CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate PPP1R11 knockout in MLE cells and have evaluated the KO cells in response to TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4 in vitro. Utilizing sgRNAs designed by Santa Cruz Biotechnologies, we generated a 2 bp deletion in the first exon of PPP1R11 in MLE cells leading to an immediate pre-mature stop codon. PPP1R11 KO cells also show significantly prolonged TLR2 half-life, relative to control cells, and an increase cytokine release following ligand treatment (Figure 2—figure supplement 2A–C). This result is highly consistent with the PPP1R11 siRNA knockdown experiments (Figures 2C,5F–G).
This most likely is due to experimental variations from immunoblotting. We do however showed the time-dependent decrease of TLR2 with Pam3CSK4 treatment in additional three experiments Figure 2A,B and C. Nevertheless, we reran the samples and included new immunoblots that display the time-dependent decrease in TLR2 protein in the control condition (Figure 1A). We believe these results suggest ligand-induced TLR2 protein degradation occurs in a time-dependent manner, and is blocked by MG132 treatment.
We have conducted CHX chase experiments utilizing PCGF1 over-expression and siRNA silencing in MLE cells and observed no change in TLR2 protein decay relative to control (Figure 1—figure supplement 2D–E). We also calculated and plotted protein densitometry. PCGF1 is RING-domain E3 ligase, and hypothesized to function similar to PPP1R11. These experiments illustrate the specificity in the E3-substrate relationship.
We silenced Trim52 in MLE cells followed by Pam3CSK4 treatment, and measured IL-6 and CXCL-1 cytokine release through ELISA (Figure 2—figure supplement 1F–G). Similar to experiments with PCGF1(Figure 1—figure supplement 2D–E), we observe that a fellow RING E3 Ligase is unable to affect a functional phenotype related to PPP1R11 in regard to TLR2 degradation and cytokine release. While we do not claim PPP1R11 to be the sole-regulator of TLR2 degradation, it has proven sufficient to degrade TLR2 in contrast to fellow RING E3 family members.
We have processed frozen tissue samples and re-immunoblotted for TLR2 and PPP1R11 resulting in more representative and more consistent protein signal (Figure 3M). There exists inherent variability among individual mice as to their baseline protein concentrations and the effect size of their response to challenge. We believe that fresh sample processing and western blot displays better consistency among replicates.
We have processed frozen tissue samples and re-immunoblotted for TLR2 and PPP1R11 resulting in more representative and more consistent protein signal (Figure 4K). There exists inherent variability among individual mice as to their baseline protein concentrations and the effect size of their response to challenge. We believe that fresh sample processing and western blot displays better consistency among replicates.
Alison C McKelvey
Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
ACM, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting or revising the article
Travis B Lear and Sarah R Dunn
Travis B Lear
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
TBL, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting or revising the article
Alison C McKelvey and Sarah R Dunn
Sarah R Dunn
SRD, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data
Alison C McKelvey and Travis B Lear
John Evankovich
JE, Conception and design, Analysis and interpretation of data
James D Londino
JDL, Conception and design, Contributed unpublished essential data or reagents
Joseph S Bednash
JSB, Analysis and interpretation of data, Contributed unpublished essential data or reagents
Yingze Zhang
YZ, Acquisition of data, Contributed unpublished essential data or reagents
Bryan J McVerry
BJM, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data
Yuan Liu
YL, Conception and design, Contributed unpublished essential data or reagents
Bill B Chen
Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, United States
BBC, Conception and design, Acquisition of data, Analysis and interpretation of data, Drafting or revising the article
chenb@upmc.edu
National Institutes of Health (HL114453)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL116472)
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health R01 grant HL116472 and HL132862 (to BBC), P01 grant HL114453 (BJM, YZ and BBC), and a University of Pittsburgh Vascular Medicine Institute seed fund. We thank Shristi Rajbhandari for her contributions on early E3 ligase screening.
Human subjects: This study was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board, and consent was obtained.
Animal experimentation: All animal experiments were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under protocol (14023127). Mice were housed at University of Pittsburgh Animal Care Facility and maintained according to all federal and institutional animal care guidelines.
Xuetao Cao, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China
© 2016, McKelvey et al.
Article citation count generated by polling the highest count across the following sources: Scopus, PubMed Central, Crossref.
Structure of dual BON-domain protein DolP identifies phospholipid binding as a new mechanism for protein localisation
Jack Alfred Bryant et al.
The Gram-negative outer-membrane envelops the bacterium and functions as a permeability barrier against antibiotics, detergents, and environmental stresses. Some virulence factors serve to maintain the integrity of the outer membrane, including DolP (formerly YraP) a protein of unresolved structure and function. Here, we reveal DolP is a lipoprotein functionally conserved amongst Gram-negative bacteria and that loss of DolP increases membrane fluidity. We present the NMR solution structure for Escherichia coli DolP, which is composed of two BON domains that form an interconnected opposing pair. The C-terminal BON domain binds anionic phospholipids through an extensive membrane:protein interface. This interaction is essential for DolP function and is required for sub-cellular localisation of the protein to the cell division site, providing evidence of subcellular localisation of these phospholipids within the outer membrane. The structure of DolP provides a new target for developing therapies that disrupt the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope.
ARL3 activation requires the co-GEF BART and effector-mediated turnover
Yasmin ElMaghloob et al.
The ADP-ribosylation factor-like 3 (ARL3) is a ciliopathy G-protein which regulates the ciliary trafficking of several lipid-modified proteins. ARL3 is activated by its guanine exchange factor (GEF) ARL13B via an unresolved mechanism. BART is described as an ARL3 effector which has also been implicated in ciliopathies, although the role of its ARL3 interaction is unknown. Here we show that, at physiological GTP:GDP levels, human ARL3GDP is weakly activated by ARL13B. However, BART interacts with nucleotide-free ARL3 and, in concert with ARL13B, efficiently activates ARL3. In addition, BART binds ARL3GTP and inhibits GTP dissociation, thereby stabilising the active G-protein; the binding of ARL3 effectors then releases BART. Finally, using live cell imaging, we show that BART accesses the primary cilium and colocalises with ARL13B. We propose a model wherein BART functions as a bona fide co-GEF for ARL3 and maintains the active ARL3GTP, until it is recycled by ARL3 effectors.
Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics
A molecular mechanism for LINC complex branching by structurally diverse SUN-KASH 6:6 assemblies
Manickam Gurusaran, Owen Richard Davies
The Linker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton (LINC) complex mechanically couples cytoskeletal and nuclear components across the nuclear envelope to fulfil a myriad of cellular functions, including nuclear shape and positioning, hearing, and meiotic chromosome movements. The canonical model is that 3:3 interactions between SUN and KASH proteins underlie the nucleocytoskeletal linkages provided by the LINC complex. Here, we provide crystallographic and biophysical evidence that SUN-KASH is a constitutive 6:6 complex in which two constituent 3:3 complexes interact head-to-head. A common SUN-KASH topology is achieved through structurally diverse 6:6 interaction mechanisms by distinct KASH proteins, including zinc-coordination by Nesprin-4. The SUN-KASH 6:6 interface provides a molecular mechanism for the establishment of integrative and distributive connections between 3:3 structures within a branched LINC complex network. In this model, SUN-KASH 6:6 complexes act as nodes for force distribution and integration between adjacent SUN and KASH molecules, enabling the coordinated transduction of large forces across the nuclear envelope.
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31. Festival 2021
Honouring 30 years
Festivals since 1991
Tanzplattform Deutschland 2002 (Dance Platform Germany 2002)
20th Festival 2010
euro-scene Leipzig
Festival of contemporary European Theatre
Searching for traces and setting the course
Theatre festival euro-scene Leipzig sets out on a search for traces in its 20th anniversary
The euro-scene Leipzig, festival of contemporary European theatre, will take place from 02 to 07 November 2010 for the 20th time. The festival of contemporary European theatre will show 12 guest plays from 10 countries in 25 performances and 9 theatre venues. This includes dance and speech theatre as well as performances and two plays for children. The euro-scene Leipzig holds a firm place in the European festival landscape today. The anniversary festival is under the patronage of Stanislaw Tillich, Prime Minister of the Free State of Saxony.
In its anniversary year the festival is going by the motto »Spurensuche« (»Searching for traces«). »It is therefore embarking on a journey both towards a résumé of its own development since its foundation in 1991 during the adventurous post-reunification era and towards setting a course for the future«, says festival director Ann-Elisabeth Wolff. As in past years, the guest appearances will demonstrate the strong, individual scripting of major directors and choreographers from all over Europe. This will include a reunion with a number of artists with whom the euro-scene Leipzig has long enjoyed a partnership. In addition, companies that are still unknown will also be present and several German premières will be shown.
Alain Platel of Belgium and Angelin Preljocaj of France number amongst the most significant choreographers in Europe. Both have already been guests of the euro-scene Leipzig multiple times and will present full-length, gripping pieces for the festival opening and closing, respectively, this anniversary year. There will also be a reunion with the exceptional Italian director Romeo Castellucci. Also coming from Italy is Pippo Delbono, who practises strong societal criticism with opulent images in the film and opera traditions of his country.
On the occasion of the anniversary year, three plays that have been among the highlights of European theatre for the past years will finally be shown in Leipzig: »Sonja« by Alvis Hermanis from Riga, »Twee stemmen« (»Two voices«) by Johan Simons with Jeroen Willems, the best actor of the Netherlands, and »Savitrí«, an enchanting shadow theatre for children by Divadlo Líšeň from Brno. A play from Kosovo, by Bekim Lumi, will be a part of the important focus on Eastern Europe for the first time as well as a performance by Ivo Dimchev from Sofia.
Special features of the programme this year are a »Lange Nacht des Tanzes« (»Long night of dance«) showing new choreographies of former laureates of the competition »Das beste deutsche Tanzsolo« (»Best German dance solo«) and with it their ways of development, and the world première of »Prophezeiung 20/11« (»Prophecy 20/11«), an instinct theatre play by Philipp J. Neumann from Leipzig, who won the competition for an in-house festival production for central Germany in partnership with the Festspielhaus Hellerau/Dresden and the Thalia Theater Halle.
Two highlights within the comprehensive fringe programme deserve special mention this year: a top-class film series with dance and theatre films with the support of ARTE and a symposium in cooperation with the International Theatre Institut (ITI), Berlin, which, under the title »Ost-West-Passagen« (»East-West-Passages«), dedicates itself to the development of theatre over the last 20 years and is open to the general public.
The euro-scene Leipzig is financed from funds of the City of Leipzig and the Free State of Saxony. Main partner is the BMW Plant Leipzig. Partners are also the Sparkasse Leipzig and the hotel Holiday Inn Garden Court, Leipzig. The festival is also supported by numerous embassies and cultural institutions. Cultural partner is the MDR Figaro, media partners are ZDFtheaterkanal and info tv leipzig.
Ann-Elisabeth Wolff
Festival Director
Leipzig, 22.06.2010
The printed programme booklet will be sent on request free of charge.
Ticket sale
Information and contact:
euro-scene Leipzig, Gottschedstraße 16, 04109 Leipzig,
tel. 0049-341-980 02 84 / info@euro-scene.de / www.euro-scene.de
Festivals seit 1991
Programme with summary
Main Programme 2010
les ballets C de la B / Alain Platel, Ghent
Ivo Dimchev, Sofia
Eigenproduktion / Philipp J. Neumann, Leipzig
Jaunais Rīgas teātris / Alvis Hermanis, Riga
Socìetas Raffaello Sanzio / Romeo Castellucci, Cesena
Compagnie Pippo Delbono, Modena
Teatri Kombëtar i Kosovës / Bekim Lumi, Prishtina
Lange Nacht des Tanzes (Long night of dance)
Divadlo Líšeň / Pavla Dombrovská, Brno (»Sávitrí«)
Divadlo Líšeň / Pavla Dombrovská, Brno (»Žabáci – Sny starého dědka«)
NTGent / Johan Simons with Jeroen Willems, Amsterdam
Ballet Preljocaj / Angelin Preljocaj, Aix-en-Provence
Fringe Programme 2010
An afternoon with Alain Platel / Films and discussion
Workshop Catharina Gadelha, Cologne
Films »Inferno«, »Purgatorio«, »Paradiso« of Romeo Castellucci
Technical guidance »Die Räder im Getriebe« (»The wheels in motion«)
Symposium »Ost-West-Passagen« (»East-West-Passages«) / New impetus from the East
Festival signal and film »Ein Blick hinter die Kulissen« (»A look behind the scenes«)
Film »Blanche neige« (»Snow White«) of Angelin Preljocaj
Documentary »La Paura« (»Fear«) of Pippo Delbono
Abschlussball (Closing ball)
Analogue to the printed programme only the descriptions of the guest performances were translated.
Next euro-scene Leipzig: 02. – 07.11.2021
Honouring with Nikolaus Habjan, Vienna, 20. / 21.09.2021
Festival publication 30 years of euro-scene Leipzig
Newsletter #03-2020 – 11.12.2020
Festival booklet, flyer and evening programmes 2020
Festival 2020 cancelled
Complete programme of euro-scene Leipzig 2020
Chronological programme overview 2020
Trailer with clips of all guest performances 2020
Artistic Advisory Council 2020
Christian Watty new Festival Director from 2021
If you wish to receive topical information about the euro-scene Leipzig about three times per year, you may register below for the e-mail newsletter:
euro-scene Leipzig on Facebook
© 15.01.2021 euro-scene Leipzig
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Directed by Sébastien Pilote
French Language, Community, Ethics
A man of few words, Gaby manages his family’s farm - Buchard & Sons - on his own, despite his advancing age. With no actual sons to speak of and his two grown daughters living far away in the big city, he spends his days tending to the animals and land that surround him, eschewing modern technology and most social interactions. When his eldest daughter, Marie, appears at the family homestead to share news that she’s finally getting divorced and in desperate need of money in order to keep the home where she and her children live, Gaby’s quiet life begins to unravel. In an effort to tend to his children much the way he steadfastly tends to his farm, he’ll be forced to make sacrifices he never intended for the sake of those closest to him.
"Highly recommended" - Video Librarian
Lucie Laurier
Gilles Renaud
Johann-Marie Tremblay
Sophie Desmarais
Bonus short: The Giant, directed by Luis Da Matta and Julio Vanzeler
Sound: Stereo 2.0 and 5.1 Surround Sound
"An elegantly simple family farming drama [that is]...beautifully shot and impressively performed!"
Mark Adams, Screen Daily
SACD Prize
Cannes Film Festival (Critics' Week)
Canadian Screen Awards
Toronto Int'l Film Festival
Karlovy Vary Int'l Film Festival
Festival Int'l du Film de la Rochelle
Film by the Sea Int'l Film Festival
Haifa Int'l Film Festival
Filmfest Hamburg
Sao Paulo Int'l Film Festival
Thessaloniki Int'l Film Festival
Torino Int'l Film Festival
Anna has a great career and a devoted husband, but when she ignites a sultry affair with married Domenico, she must confront her budding lustful cravings.
2 Autumns, 3 Winters
Over the course of two autumns and three winters, Arman, Amélie and Benjamin share the moments, accidents, love stories and memories that will define who they are.
Helena from the Wedding
Newlyweds Alex and Alice invite their closest friends to a secluded cabin to ring in the New Year, but when a beautiful young model arrives unannounced, all hell breaks loose.
Shun Li and the Poet
A Chinese barmaid and a Slavic fisherman find friendship and more in an Italian fishing village.
A troubled young hostess is rescued from a shocking calamity by a fire warden fighting demons of his own.
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Relationships, Davis family, James family,
User:JL the superhuman
Jacob Davis/Relationships
< Jacob Davis
These are the details of Jacob's relationships before and during the series.
Chelsea Mitchell
(Ex-wife)
Chelsea is Jacob's ex-wife. They met in high school while Jacob still had feelings for Quinn but figured it was time to move on and dated the cheerleader. Following high school graduation Jacob married Chelsea and moved away to play both college and professional football, but their marriage was anything but happy as Chelsea would boss Jacob around and banned him from speaking to Quinn. Eventually Chelsea cheated on Jacob and Jacob filed for a divorce from her.
Quinn James
(Wife)
Quinn was one of Jacob's childhood friends and his first crush. Jacob fell hard for Quinn when he met her and vice versa. Quinn had always made Jacob feel special and does not like it when he labels himself as a psychopath when he lets his anger lose. For a few days just to get away from his parents arguing he would spend the night with Quinn and her family while they lived in Tree Hill. Both Jacob and Quinn's feelings for each other grew and grew while they were growing up to the point where they were attached to each other. For one of Jacob's birthdays Quinn paid Jacob a visit and gave him a present which was a picture of her, Haley and Taylor. After graduating high school the friends went their separate ways while Jacob married Chelsea and moved to Baltimore to play for the Baltimore Ravens Quinn left Tree Hill and dated a guy named David despite still having feelings for her best friend and crush Jacob. In season one while Jacob returned to Tree Hill Quinn followed him after she and David divorced and wanted to admit she was in love with him and marry him. While during the cafe shooting while Jacob and Haley were trapped with the shooter inside the cafe Quinn rushed down to see what was happening and heard the gunshot inside the cafe but was not aware that it was Jacob who was shot until paramedics arrived after Quinn's sister called Haley called them over to have Jacob be treated at the hospital and then eventually followed the ambulance. Several days after the shooting Jacob woke up and was taken home to Quinn's parents house because of the fighting going on at home and allowed him to rest in her bed while Quinn slept on the couch. At the beginning of season two Jacob moved in with Quinn until they could afford a house together. Once Jacob left the cafe to work at their former high school fulltime Quinn took over his job and worked alongside Haley and Lucas. By season three Jacob and Quinn are engaged and plan on having the wedding at Haley's graduation as her present. Quinn alongside Haley and Brooke seems the be the only people who can calm Jacob when he is angry and is about do something stupid. Quinn admitted that was extremely heartbroken when Jacob married Chelsea but forgave him as she always knew Jacob still truly liked her deep down.
Retrieved from "https://fanon.fandom.com/wiki/Jacob_Davis/Relationships?oldid=369844"
James family
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Call of Cthulhu: The Cannibal Baby Factory
Posted by faustusnotes under game reports, Horror, Infernal adventures, Monsters | Tags: Call of Cthulhu |
Advanced studies at the Miskatonic University…
This being a report on a Call of Cthulhu session I played in on 2nd March, in the style of the times.
In the decade since our return from the war, Mr. Ambrose and I have had our difficulties, but life had settled into a pleasant flow here in New Orleans, until we were thrown into the strange affair of the cannibal baby factory, and our eyes began to open to the dark secrets lurking beneath the veneer of American life.
Our story began one lazy Sunday afternoon, as we sat on the balcony of the pleasant New Orleans home we had been sharing this past year. Bourbons and cigarillos in hand, we had just swung into reminiscence about the hard times that beset us after our return from the trenches – hard times that were a far cry from our recent good fortune. Just a year earlier I had finally been able to open my own medical practice just off of Canal Street, and though business was still slow, for the first time in years it appeared that I had a future. Of course matters were still more complex for Mr. Ambrose, who had shared my good fortune during the war and had witnessed the full horrors of trench warfare as a participant, rather than a sawbones, and who was having trouble settling into a steady civilian life even now. Nonetheless, things were looking up on that peaceful Sunday afternoon as we sat on our verandah, lazily discussing troubles that once held our lives in such a pinch, but now seemed just vaguely amusing from the perspective of a little distance, and a little whisky. Oh, to think now that we could have been so pained by the troubles of the mortal flesh – as if such concerns as addiction, poverty and strife could hold any real terror, when compared to what we were about to discover in our neighbour’s basement …
For it was at that moment, as we embarked upon our second glasses of bourbon, that our neighbour came home. Our neighbour Mr. Corbett – good, upstanding citizen, semi-retired from his shipping business, who still attended his warehouse three days a week, whiled away most middays at a well-respected gentleman’s club in the centre of town, and commuted regularly to New York – New York! – in pursuit of his extensive business interests. A man of such wealth and respectability that he owned his own Model T Ford, and a house across the way from our somewhat ramshackle bachelor’s pad, where he enjoyed extensive grounds and even a separate garage for his car. There he was now, as the Bourbon warmed my palate, struggling up the pathway to his front door with two packages in his arms – one round like a bowling ball, the other roughly the length of a folded billiard cue, both wrapped in butcher’s paper. He seemed to struggle with them, and as he attempted to open his front door he dropped one on the porch. Then, the strangest thing: he looked all about him most furtively, as if caught in the act of smuggling something illegal through his own front door, snatched up the parcel as if it were contraband of some kind, and slipped inside his house most surrepititously.
Perhaps his act would have been dismissed as merely a whiskey-induced vision, and forgotten as a lazy Sunday afternoon’s fancy, were it not for the strange events that followed. When we were perhaps some distance into our third or fourth slugs of that fine Bourbon, lights came on in Mr. Corbett’s basement. We would not even have noted this, but that the light we could see through his basement window grew brighter and brighter, till it was fit to dazzle us; and then, with a distinct popping sound as of electrical shorting, suddenly went dark. Upon first seeing that light, I had remarked to Mr. Ambrose that perhaps Mr. Corbett were in possession of a subterranean billiards room; however, that bright light spoke more of a workshop or laboratory.
This, too, would have passed unremarked, but for the later events of the evening. I had just laid myself down to sleep, having finished another chapter of Fishbein’s New Medical Follies (that pertaining to Eclecticism, I believe) when I was struck by the fancy that I could hear a low moaning, crying sound coming from across the road. I initially discounted it as some old tinnitus, but in truth that tinnitus was only ever psychosomatic and is long cured; and certainly though he bears many ills from the war, Mr. Ambrose has no hearing difficulties, and he had not only heard it but was up and about, trying to fathom it. I joined him and we returned to the verandah, there to listen more closely. It was a strange sound, in some regards like a baby’s crying, but in others like that of an animal or some swamp beast; a kind of gurgling, unpleasant choking sound, interspersed with sloppy gusts of breath and low wails. It was obviously muffled from within Mr. Corbett’s basement and insufficient to wake the neighbours, but it set me to shivering and nervousness such as I have not experienced for years, and perhaps Mr. Ambrose too. For it resembled a sound we had not heard in 10 years, and which the last time we heard it we discounted as merely the horrific vapours of wartime: sometimes, lying in the trenches at night after one of those reckless charges that left so many dead on the battlefield, after the last cries of the dying had subsided, we would hear that same sound, as of some wild beast that prowled the no-man’s land and perhaps feasted on the dead and dying. And once, approaching the bins behind the field hospital where we would dump amputated limbs, I also thought I caught such a sound, though I never found its source. Both Mr. Ambrose and myself dismissed those mysterious and ugly tones at the time as mere trench-madness; yet here it was, clearly emanating from our ageing neighbours basement.
We must, perforce, investigate. Dressing hastily, we marched across the road to Mr. Corbett’s front door. After a brief listen to confirm it was indeed his basement from which the wails and slurps arose, we knocked upon his door. After a considerable delay he answered, wearing that same furtive expression as crossed his face during the incident of the dropped package. I proceeded to make a noise complaint, and to ask him to still “whatever wild animal he was keeping in his basement.” He looked most alarmed at our having caught his game, and immediately tried to mollify us, also promising to still the beast at once. By now my curiosity was piqued, and placing a foot surreptitiously in the door to stop its closing, I offered to accompany him down to his beast, observing that he was old and perhaps not well, and might prefer to be accompanied by two men in the prime of life, lest there be some accident? He declined firmly, and begged of us to wait outside his door – all the while pushing the door against my foot as if to close me out, the scoundrel! I assured him we would wait, and that it were better he left the door open lest there be trouble. Being unable to close the door against me, he finally agreed, and off he went to still his beast. Listening at the door and window, we could faintly hear him talking to the mewling animal, saying to it “hush now!” and “be still, it’s okay!” and other phrases as if he were speaking to a baby, rather than a beast! Whatever he kept down there went silent, and he soon returned, looking even more furtive, and bid us please be gone. After we left him, assuring him we would assist him with his beast were he to need us, we heard the sound of several locks being turned in his front door. Why such security, in peaceful New Orleans?
The next morning we determined to break into his house and see what manner of beast he kept. We convinced ourselves that we did so only out of civic duty, but I think we both felt something was wrong, and needs must assure ourselves that some primeval fear waking in us were unjustified. Oh, had we only had the lack of imagination necessary to assure ourselves it were but a wild beast, and to return to our normal daily routine, we would never be troubled by those horrors such as subsequently have haunted us daily.
While I did my morning at the surgery Mr. Ambrose sought out and purchased the services of a Mr. Boleyn, a feckless and worthless man who spent some time in the trenches with us, and proved himself good for little but causing trouble. One line of trouble he was very good at was breaking into our Colonel’s whiskey safe, and it was the employ of these skills that we engaged for $15 and the promise of a bottle of good tequila. We met him on Mr. Corbett’s verandah at midday, and once he had us through that multi-locked door we bid him wait in the hallway, both to watch the door and to assist us were we to run into further barriers. We then proceeded into Mr. Corbett’s basement, me carrying that bottle of tequila as insurance against Mr. Boleyn’s services and Mr. Ambrose carrying his service revolver.
The basement was surprisingly spacious, consisting of a hallway with two doors on each side, all closed. We followed the traditional process for room clearing that we learnt in darker times, moving anti-clockwise down the hall, and so opened the first door on our right, entering the strangest room we have ever been in, and the first room to ever test our sanity. Before us lay an ordinary nursery, in which were a normal cupboard, a cot, a rocking horse, and over the cot a mobile of little winged angels. From within the cot came the sound of a baby sleeping gently, and the entire room was rich with the smell of formaldehyde. One door led out of the room, though we did not immediately notice it. We approached the cot to view Mr. Corbett’s basement-dwelling baby, thinking perhaps here was the source of last night’s sounds, and before we had time to prepare ourselves we found ourselves facing the most terrible of sights.
The cot did indeed hold a baby, but it was a monstrous construction, a baby with six arms, and all the parts of its body stitched together from what were obviously the discarded remains of other bodies. The arms were of mismatched sizes and colours, unmatched either with his legs; I say that it was a “he,” but that part most necessary to designate gender was not attached; and I swear his ears must have been procured from a girl, though I had no way to prove it. This monstrous frankenstein baby was also the source of that formaldehyde smell – for the body parts from which it had been made were obviously once pickled.
Both Mr. Ambrose and I would have loved to have dismissed this beast as some kind of grotesque doll, constructed for god knows what reason by Mr. Corbett. We knew he had lost his own son and wife, so perchance he was in the midst of some mad delirium, constructing a family life for himself out of the dregs of others; but at this point something so alarming, so horrific, happened that we would never again be able to look upon the macabre and seek easy or dismissive answers for it in the pscyhology of others. For as we stood looking into the cot, the dead eyes opened – and the baby started to scream. The eyes were the most chilling of all for me, because they had obviously been procured from different people. One was blue and slightly rheumy with early cataracts, as if snatched from a middle-aged diabetic; the other was, I am sure, taken from an Oriental of some kind, dark brown and almond shaped and much younger. As if the horror of this were not enough, though clearly the baby could see us and was responding to our presence, those eyes retained the glassy stare of the dead, a look we had both seen many times – but never thought to see mobile and directed at us!!!
We stepped back from the cot in disgust, and it was then that the baby sprang from the cot, hitting me in the face and proceeding to grab on to me with all six arms, bearing down on me with superhuman strength as it chewed at my face. The pain was abominable, as was the stench of mild rot and formaldehyde given off by this grotesque beast. I fear we both panicked, for I have a memory of punching myself in the face and screaming at Mr. Ambrose to get it off me! But after some moments we managed to drag it from my face, and Mr. Ambrose was able to place the upturned cot over it, then putting the rocking horse onto the cot to ensure its immobility. We then squatted before the cot and looked at this beastly thing, as it stuck its fat little mismatched arms through the bars of the cot and hissed and spat at us. We looked into its dead eyes for just a few more seconds before, turning my back on it, I said to my colleague, “Mr. Ambrose, if you please…?” Understanding my intent immediately, he shot that abomination in the head, right between the eyes, and it fell bloodlessly to the ground, dead at last. Shaking and disturbed, we retreated from that room and closed the door fast, leaning against the wall in horror and disbelief. What had we witnessed in there? How could such a golem be made real? Our world had begun to turn …
Our interest, though, had begun to rise. We must find what horrid scheme Mr. Corbett was engaged in, we must end it, and we must confront him and, if necessary, end him too. We would explore the rest of the basement.
The next room proved to be a kind of study. Its walls were lined with bookshelves, and there was a desk with a journal upon it, and next to it a strange, irredescent metal box. The box held a strange allure for me, and without much thought I put it in my jacket pocket. The journal I read, and it told us what we needed to know: Mr. Corbett was engaged in some strange ritual of reanimation, which he believed connected to some ancient Indian god called Ramasekval, and he was obtaining body parts from a deluded religious nutcase called Tomas Zewski, clearly some communist Jewish Pole, who worked at the local hospital. Mr. Corbett was plying Zewski with drugs, and in exchange convincing him that he served some dark lord, and that this lord’s purpose was served by cannibalizing bodies at the hospital for body parts to be sent to Corbett. Such a repulsive scheme as I had never heard of before! Though I spent two years sawing off legs and arms in the trenches of the bloodiest war the world has ever seen, believing myself to be as close to hell as it is possible for living men to go, I now realize that I had only just begun to splash in the shallows of human depravity – and that beyond what I already knew and believed so foul, was an ocean of depravity so deep no one could ever know what horrors lay at its depths. I fear now I am beginning to see just how dark and evil a man’s soul can be, and it unnerves me.
The next room in the basement was confusingly normal: a laundry, full of drying baby clothes. We investigated, but found nothing of interest. At the far end of this room was a door, which we passed through into a machine room, stacked full of parts that had been stripped from various machines. In the corner was a massive generator, and many cans of petrol, that must clearly be used to power whatever light we had seen the night before. We left this room and returned to the hallway. There was one final room off the hallway that we had not looked into, and this we now entered, to find a small space cramped and full of jars and bottles. Many were empty, but some contained pickled body parts – heads, arms, legs. There was a strange picture on the wall at the end of the room, somewhat akin to Michelangelo’s man, but in an Indian style with many more arms and legs. We came close to this picture to investigate it, but it had a strange, unnatural aura that caused it to seem larger, as if it filled the room; strange sounds assailed our ears, and it were as if the painting had been painted on a canvas that was more complex and mathematical than real; only some part of it, wrongly folded, protruded into our own time and space, and looking upon it gave us a twisted and sick hint at those other places where its full form was stretched out. These bizarre contortions of reality sickened and terrified us, and for some minutes I passed out. I must confess that I soiled myself in my terror, and Mr. Ambrose had to drag me, twitching and frothing, from the room. When I came to he was cleaning me up in the laundry room. He had taken off my soiled jacket and trousers, and bid me wear replacements from amongst the stacked laundry of the room. I did, and did not notice at the time that in taking off my jacket he had also stolen from me that lustrous silver box.
So, we had found all but the room in which Mr. Corbett made his baby, and we knew this must be in the room beyond the macabre nursery we had first entered. We needed to return to it, but before we did, I had an idea. I poured the tequila away, and returning to the machine room filled it with petrol. I then stuffed it with a rag from the laundry, also well-soaked in petrol, and thus made a makeshift firebomb. Now we were ready for trouble. We passed back through the nursery, trying not to look at that horrid infant, and through the other door in that room. This took us, we were not surprised to find, into a dissection room filled with the equipment required to build a horrific golem of flesh. We searched it thoroughly but found nothing more to enlighten us. We did, however, find a trapdoor leading deeper into the basement, and were just beginning to look down into it, contemplating further exploration, when behind us we heard the sound of pattering feet, a grinding sound, and a crash. Dashing back into the nursery, we saw the cot had been overturned and the baby’s body was missing! It had somehow survived Mr. Ambrose’s perfect shot, and was now out somewhere in the basement.
We passed carefully out of the nursery and into the hallway, and yet still we could hear the sound of that baby’s feet, pattering around in the basement. Fearing it behind us, and wanting to calm our nerves, we ducked back into the room full of pickled body parts and slammed the door shut. I stood near the door, and Mr. Ambrose returned to look at the picture. As he did so, he suddenly disappeared! One moment he was there, and then he was gone! I was left alone in the room, with nothing but that maddening patter of baby feet, and the body parts. Somewhere behind me, an empty jar fell off of a shelf and smashed. I confess I panicked: I lit my petrol bomb, through it amongst the jars, and ran for the door. The bomb exploded, and up went the formaldehyde, creating in moments a conflagration I was sure would take that damned baby, and I dashed out of the room. Moments later though, leaning in the hallway, I heard Mr. Ambrose crying for help from inside! He had somehow reappeared in that inferno! I thew open the door, dragged him out, and slammed it shut again, then dragged him to the laundry to tend his wounds. He was badly burnt, though not in a life threatening way.
We now, however, had no time. The basement was beginning to burn, and upstairs we heard Mr. Corbett returning. We dashed up the stairs to find him standing ready to confront us, and outside a crowd gathering as the fire began to consume the house. Having no time to spare, I punched Mr. Corbett in the face, and bid Mr. Ambrose drag him outside. I dashed upstairs to his room, grabbed the only useful thing I could find – a pile of letters on his desk – and dashed out after Mr. Ambrose. Putting the doubts of the gathered crowd to rest with my doctor’s manner, we dragged Mr. Corbett’s limp body to my house to “tend” to him.
Once the crowd and the police were gone, and Mr. Corbett’s once-proud home nothing but smouldering ruin, we woke him and began to demand answers. He denied any knowledge of the doings in the basement, and professed to a singular terror at what we told him. We believed him innocent of the charges laid, though we could not think how such could be, and decided instead to investigate Mr. Zewski. It came as no surprise to me than elderly, respectable gentleman would not be the one most to blame for such evil deeds, when a Polish communist were also in the frame. It was time to visit with him, and to have words.
What horrors do they seek beneath these peaceful avenues?
Our pursuit of Mr. Zewski came to nothing. He tried to escape us in a car, and we were forced to commandeer an ambulance, eventually driving him off the road and nearly killing him. Under duress he revealed himself to be exactly the dupe Mr. Corbett’s journal described him as; less a communist mastermind and more a foolish drug addict who believed himself a satanist, though he was a member of no covern. I patched him up as best I could and we drove him back to the hospital in the same ambulance. At the hospital I procured a few harmless injectable placebos such as we occasionally use on the worst of psychosomatics, and we returned to our house. I was now convinced that Mr. Corbett knew more than he was admitting to, and enacted a fiendish plan to get the truth. I injected him with one placebo and told him that it was a poison, and the only antidote was in my possession. Showing him another vial of a harmless placebo, I placed a bell in his bound hand, and told him he had three hours to tell us everything. Before we had even left the room, he was ringing that bell madly, desperate to tell us all. Yet still, when we interrogated him, he denied all knowledge of the doings in his basement. Exasperated, we left him to his imagined death, and decided there was only one thing left to do: before the police dug deep and discovered the body parts from the ruins of his house, we needed to enter that trapdoor.
We wasted no time, and kitting ourselves up with shotgun, pistol, rope and flashlight, we returned to Mr. Corbett’s ruined house. We re-entered the basement and, after digging away ash and rubble, opened the trapdoor. I went first while Mr. Ambrose covered me, and then he followed. We found ourselves in a narrow tunnel, that curved away and out of sight. Most perplexed, we followed it for some minutes. It descended a little and straightened, and we followed it for a few more minutes before encountering the most perplexing and disturbing of sights. Ahead of us the tunnel ended in a blank wall. In front of the wall were some dozens of the same homunculi we had seen in Mr. Corbett’s house, all constructed from discarded body parts, all of different sizes, though all vaguely human. They were digging frantically at the tunnel end, extending it through the earth, and as they dug they hurled the soil behind him. There, blocking a part of the tunnel, was a terrible ugly slug-like thing, larger than a man, that oozed along behind the monsters, eating the soil they threw away with a horrid slurping sound.
The creatures had not seen us, so busy were they at their digging, and we were in no way well-enough armed to best them. We were also deeply, profoundly disturbed by what we saw. We backed slowly away and then fled in terror back down the tunnel, reemerging in the basement as fast as we could. We slammed that trapdoor shut and ran back up into the light, shaking in terror. What were we to do?
Mr. Ambrose became then the most practical of men. He directed me to find a map and a hose. While I did so, he turned on the engine of Mr. Corbett’s car. The hose we snaked from the car’s exhaust pipe down to the trapdoor, where we fed it into that tunnel. We then sealed the trapdoor and returned to the surface to consult the map. Our guess was that those horrid cannibal babies were digging straight towards the centre of town, to an old statue that stood there. Perhaps there was something buried beneath that statue, something they sought, that we could dig up first?
So I must end this diary entry, for we rest now before approaching the resolution of these mysteries. Why did Mr. Ambrose disappear before that warped and mysterious picture, and what was its purpose? Was his strange disappearance linked to the lustrous silver box? How can Mr. Corbett not know what goes on beneath his own feet? And why does his legion of homunculi dig towards that statue? By what fiendish power does he animate those corpses? What secrets have we uncovered in New Orleans? I fear we are on the cusp of a great and terrible discovery, and that our lives will never be the same again …
3 Responses to “Call of Cthulhu: The Cannibal Baby Factory”
Very cool and creepy report.
Are you able to provide any additional behind the scenes insight into the game? Do you know anything about the silver box or papers? How may SAN points have you lost so far? How much further until you’re a gibbering wreck worshipping that which broke you?
faustusnotes Says:
Thanks! Maybe next time I should provide technical footnotes … I started the game with SAN 65, and lost 17; my associate Mr. Ambrose is already halfway to the Asylum, having lost 23 of his original 55 points, so I think we’ll be booking him in for some psychoanalysis when all is done. He’s a practical and unimaginative chap, and men of that disposition tend to react poorly to the unexplained. The silver box we couldn’t analyze at all, but we’re treating it as if it were just a bauble, on teh assumption our PCs know nothing about it. My fellow player pulled a fast one on the GM to try and rescue us from its curse: when he was cleaning me after I soiled myself, he had his PC take off my jacket as if to cast it aside nonchalantly, not realizing the box was inside; but the GM had him make some kind of resistance check which he failed, and so instead he pocketed the box and then threw aside the jacket. A nice try!
We didn’t have time to investigate the journals in Mr. Corbett’s lab, and then unfortunately I burnt them all to a crisp; we only really read the one on the table, which provided the key information. The letters I stole from his room indicated he had something waiting for him in New York (I think) at his warehouse there, and also a letter written to his dead son long after both wife and son were dead, promising to protect the son; we took this as an indication of insanity on Mr. Corbett’s part. At this point in the proceedings I’m not inclined to let Mr. Corbett live, but if I do I think I’ll be using my authority as a doctor to have him put in an asylum for a very long time!
LiMiNaL Says:
Well done, my good man! -Ambrose
game reports, Horror, Infernal adventures, Monsters
Tags: Call of Cthulhu
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Nigeria: Interpol arrest former AG Adoke in Dubai on alleged fraud charges
Mohammed Bello Adoke, a former Nigerian attorney-general, has been held in Dubai by Interpol, PREMIUM TIMES has learnt.
People familiar with the development said Mr Adoke was arrested shortly after arriving in Dubai on November 11. He had travelled there for medical evaluation after a court warrant for his arrest was vacated in October.
Justice Danladi Z. Zenchi of the Federal Territory High Court had in April issued a warrant for Mr Adoke’s arrest following an ex-parte application by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).
The EFCC has been pursuing Mr Adoke over claims he was involved in the controversial Malabu Oil deal. Mr Adoke strongly denied links to the alleged fraud, and has been on self-exile since vacating office in May 2015.
He has repeatedly cited a court judgment that said he could not be prosecuted for actions he took while in office based on presidential directives.
Justice Zenchi invalidated the arrest warrant on October 25 based on prayers from Mr Adoke’s lawyers who argued that the order was wrongfully procured.
The judge also asked the EFCC which seeks to prosecute Mr Adoke to serve him the court papers by substituted means.
In her ruling that day, the judge, after hearing the submissions of all the counsel, and upon perusal of all the affidavits in support of their motions, made the following orders:
“The arrest warrant issued for the arrest of the 4th-9th defendants in charge No FCT/HC/CR/124/2017 and to be executed by the police and the Interpol is declared null and void and of no effect whatsoever.
“Accordingly, the order of 17th April 2019 issuing a bench warrant on the 4th-9th defendants is hereby set aside and vacated.
“It is further ordered that the case be adjourned sine die until the prosecution takes the required procedural steps to effect service on the defendants herein.”
It appears the Nigerian authorities failed to update Interpol overseas of the development.
PREMIUM TIMES learnt that Interpol officials in the United Arab Emirates, UAE, were shocked when Mr Adoke told them the warrant for his arrest had since been vacated and that there was no basis to hold him.
Our sources said Interpol authorities in the UAE have now requested the Nigerian authorities to officially update it on the matter.
The Ministry of Justice in Abuja has been working on transmitting the order to Interpol in Dubai to secure Mr Adoke’s release, but the process was being delayed because Attorney-General Abubakar Malami was not available, sources said.
Mr Malami could not be reached Sunday afternoon for comment. A spokesperson for Interpol told PREMIUM TIMES the headquarters cannot speak on Mr Adoke’s case because it specifically relates to the UAE.
Nigeria recently signed a mutual legal assistance treaty with the UAE that would, among others, ensure Nigerians accused of corruption and fraud, can be arrested in the UAE and deported to Nigeria to face prosecution. Such persons could also have their properties in that country seized.
Original article on allafrica.com
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Der Feine Herr
Bernhard Roetzel·
James Whitfield Bespoke —
Part 4: The bespoke sporstscoat is finished
After two fittings and a final check of the finished jacket I collected my bespoke sportscoat. The pictures taken by Tommi Aittala speak for themselves. The jacket feels as good as it looks. Here’s the final review and a short interview with James Whitfield.
Is it alright to call James Whitfield a “Savile Row tailor”? After all he works in Berlin. I think the label is applicable. James was trained in Savile Row and he’s worked for one of it’s most famous houses. And let’s not forget that most tailoring houses in Savile Row use outworkers from all over London. Only very few shops make everything in house. Unless there is so much work that they cannot cope. Of course all these garments were at least cut in Savile Row and they are fitted there. I believe that a Savile Row trained cutter can cut and fit a suit anywhere in the world resulting in a “Savile Row suit”. Is the jacket that James made for me better than what I’d get in Savile Row? The answer is of course a matter of taste. If you put the quality of fit and making that James offers at his price into relation to what you get in Savile Row for the prices asked at most tailor shops he clearly offers the better deal.
Nothing that I could see or feel has changed after the final check of the finished garment. The chest fits snugly with just very little drape. The fit around the shoulder and over the back is excellent. My shoulderbones are discreetly covered with a thin pad. The coat is a bit longer than my recent orders from my tailor in Prague but not as long as the jackets that were made for me in Savile Row by Tobias Tailors. The sleeve lenghts are exactly as I want them. The armhole is smaller and slightly higher than I usually ask tailors to cut it but it feels comfortable. The coat has a slim silhouette and I believe the high waist slighty elongates my figure. The coat looks very british but not old-fashioned unlike many examples I have seen even from younger tailors in Savile Row. The workmanship is excellent, the “Milanese” buttonhole in the lapel couldn’t be done better by a good Italian tailor. As I had mentioned the outworkers of Savile Row I’d like to stress that the coat was completely tailored in James’s workshop.
As an addition of my personal impression of the coat I have conducted a short interview with James.
Feine Herr: The jacket you made for me looks so English, an Italian tailor could never cut it this way. What’s the recipe for an English looking bespoke jacket?
James Whitfield: I think something in both cut and construction gives a jacket that particularly English look. The longer length, the full chest, a more structured shoulder, all of these things contribute to that style.
How much Savile Row is in this jacket and how much James Whitfield?
It’s a mixture. I have maintained the traditional techniques of cut and construction that I learned there, with some adaptations of my own. I try not to be too high bound by it though, if I find a better way of doing some particular part of the process then I wouldn’t forsake that in the name of tradition necessarily.
Has your work been influenced by being in Berlin instead of London?
In a way it’s liberating to be here and not have to conform to a particular way of doing things, so in that respect I suppose Berlin has changed how I work. I’m also doing almost every aspect of the process myself, alongside Marie, (cutting, coat making, trouser making, etc) which would be unusual in Savile Row where the labour process is much more divided up. The benefit for my clients is that they know that I’ll be taking care of the whole thing at every stage.
Some big tailoring houses in London or Italy tend to make one style for everybody. How much are you willing to adapt to the customer’s ideas?
I’m willing to be flexible within reason. In the end, and I think this is true for all tailors, I’m best at what I know, which is a classic London cut. I have tried once or twice (at a clients request) to make a kind of Neapolitan type of coat, but it feels a little like a fraud to do so. You have to be true to yourself without being overly dogmatic.
Do you plan to do trunkshows other cities in Germany or abroad? Do you have long term goals for your business?
I hope next year that we’ll be able to start up a proper travel program, focusing first on some cities within Germany and then perhaps Switzerland.
Bernhard Roetzel
Bernhard Roetzel is well-known internationally thanks to his first book "Gentleman" which has been translated into 20 languages. He has been publishing and speaking about menswear for more than 20 years. He is interested in craftsmanship and ready-to-wear fashions, sportswear and formal dress, tradition and innovation, natural materials and performance apparel.
There will always be a customer for the classics — An interview with James Fox, Head of Marketing at Crockett & Jones
The banker from Berlin with a great love for beauty —
An interview with Jörg Woltmann, the owner of KPM.
Corona, cordovan and cobblers. A new interview with bespoke shoemaker Korbinian Ludwig Heß.
Petru & Claymoor —
Bespoke shoes from Bucarest
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© Der Feine Herr 2020
Sandals — A matter of love or hate
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Home News Transport officials warn Transpennine Express rail services will be cut
Transport officials warn Transpennine Express rail services will be cut
Transport officials concern rail services between York and Newcastle might be cut – as a result of the East Coast Main Line has develop into too full.
They are asking Transport for the North, the sub-national physique overseen by mayors and council leaders, to battle towards attainable cuts to services run by Transpennine Express (TPE).
Trains north of York, which cease at Darlington, Durham, Newcastle and Edinburgh, might be cut to only one per hour, down from the same old service of two per hour.
The menace is revealed in a report by officials offered to Transport for the North’s rail committee.
It highlights plans to extend services run by London North East Railway, which join the North East with London.
Because each rail operators use the East Coast Main Line, rising one service might imply that one other must be cut, the report says.
It warns: “There is constrained capability on the East Coast Main Line north of York and presently there may be inadequate capability to accommodate a seventh prepare on this part of route.
” Thus, trade-offs are being thought-about by the trade and there may be concern from North East Authorities that it might not be attainable to run the second TPE prepare per hour that usually runs on this a part of the route.”
A session on service modifications in anticipated to start early this 12 months, and Transport for the North will issued a proper response as soon as as soon as that begins.
But the officials recommend the authority ought to “help the North East in strongly selling the retention of two trains per hour on TPE’s North East services.”
Newcastle North MP Catherine McKinnell, chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group for the East Coast Main Line, mentioned: “The congested part of observe between York and Newcastle is an actual bottleneck on the East Coast Main Line which critically holds again our capability so as to add new routes.
“I and cross-party colleagues on the All Party Group on the East Coast Main Line have raised this difficulty with the Government many, many instances and Network Rail have known as for the reopening of the Leamside line to offer much-needed reduction. Unfortunately we seem to be no additional ahead.”
Transpennine Express referred requests for a remark to Network Rail. Network Rail mentioned it was a matter for the Department for Transport.
supply: https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/information/north-east-news/needs-checking-transport-officials-warn-19608757
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Home Hollywood Why Didn’t The FBI And DHS Produce A Threat Report Ahead of...
Why Didn’t The FBI And DHS Produce A Threat Report Ahead of The Capitol Insurrection?
In late December, the New York Police Department despatched a packet of materials to the U.S. Capitol Police and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. It was full of what’s often called uncooked intelligence — bits and items of data that turned up by scraping varied social media websites. It all indicated that there would possible be violence when lawmakers licensed the presidential election on Jan. 6.
NYPD despatched the data to Washington underneath the belief it will be folded into a proper intelligence bulletin by the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security. The FBI’s model is called a Joint Intelligence Bulletin. DHS produces a Threat Assessment. These studies are usually written as a matter of course forward of excessive profile occasions. Local legislation enforcement see them as actionable intelligence; an early warning system to assist them put together for incoming threats.
And but, for final week’s lethal assault on the Capitol, an occasion the president himself had promised can be “wild,” no formal report was ever launched.
A DHS Intelligence and Analysis spokesperson confirmed to NPR that the company did not produce any menace evaluation in regards to the risk of violence on Jan. 6. The FBI confirmed it did not produce one both. Instead DHS offered a report in regards to the “heightened menace surroundings through the 2020-2021 election season, together with the extent to which the political transition and political polarization are contributing to the mobilization of people to commit violence,” the DHS spokesperson mentioned.
“I used to be shocked that we did not obtain any data” about Jan. 6, Mike Sena, president of the National Fusion Center Association, informed NPR. “We acquired a quantity of studies however they had been all concerning occasions throughout the election cycle, you understand, data sharing.”
The federal authorities created fusion facilities after the 9/11 assaults to enhance communication and intelligence sharing amongst native and federal legislation enforcement officers. There are 80 of them throughout the nation and one of their key tasks is to disseminate these varieties of intelligence bulletins.
The bulletins are thought of a completed product — a synthesis of validated and analyzed intelligence that helps native legislation enforcement make knowledgeable selections.
Some FBI officers have mentioned that the bureau and DHS did not produce a bulletin for Jan. 6 out of concern that doing so would possibly run afoul of First Amendment free speech protections which permit individuals to protest and assemble peacefully.
But, three legislation enforcement officers informed NPR that did not cease DHS and the FBI from issuing intelligence bulletins forward of principally peaceable demonstrations in Portland, Ore., after the killing of George Floyd this previous spring or earlier than Black Lives Matter marches in Washington in early June, or in anticipation of an annual conference of the Islamic Society of North America.
Given all of the Sturm und Drang forward of the Jan. 6 joint session of Congress to rely the electoral voters and all of the threats on social media weeks forward of a pro-Trump rally that morning, it struck Sena and different native legislation enforcement officers who spoke to NPR as unusual that there wasn’t a DHS/FBI report on what to anticipate. Threatening and planning violence is not protected First Amendment speech.
The FBI revealed this week that its area workplace in Norfolk, Va., had certainly uncovered intelligence which may have helped the U.S. Capitol Police determine how you can deploy its forces.
One legislation enforcement official confirmed to NPR that Norfolk FBI officers had discovered particular threats towards members of Congress, an change of maps of the tunnel system underneath the Capitol advanced, and gathering locations in Kentucky, Pennsylvania and South Carolina the place extremists had been assembly earlier than convoying as much as Washington. (The Washington Post first reported the existence of the Norfolk FBI warning.)
The drawback was that the threats they uncovered hadn’t gone by way of any rigorous evaluation course of. “They appear to have solely had a pair or single sourcing,” mentioned R.P. Eddy, a former American counterterrorism official and diplomat who now runs Ergo, a non-public intelligence agency. “So, when you had been a shopper of that intelligence and that is all you noticed… you’d say, oh, it is only one supply. You know, I’m not so certain I’m going to speculate 2 million {dollars} into further additional time and get a bunch of new gear for my troops.”
NPR spoke with three FBI Special Agents in Charge across the nation and 4 present and former DHS officers who all agreed that Jan. 6 was a fast-moving occasion that was arduous to anticipate. But additionally they mentioned a particular menace evaluation from the FBI and DHS within the weeks earlier than would possibly nicely have persuaded Capitol Police and others to beef up safety.
Eddy mentioned if there wasn’t an intelligence bulletin forward of the pro-Trump rally, that was an issue. “If the fact is that… neither FBI nor DHS did a menace evaluation for January 6, that was blinking pink, if that is certainly the actual fact then that is completely a failure of intelligence… and peculiar,” he mentioned.
The head of the U.S. Capitol Police informed reporters final week that he had no intelligence that instructed there can be a storming of the Capitol. DHS and FBI officers informed NPR that what he hadn’t seen was a particular Threat Assessment report or Intelligence Bulletin from DHS and the FBI. A uncooked intelligence report a day earlier than an occasion simply is not the identical factor.
‘The invisible apparent’
Last week, Steven D’Antuono, the assistant director in cost of the FBI’s Washington Field Office, informed reporters that the FBI was working intently with its companions and there was no indication Jan. 6 occasions would flip so horribly violent. D’Antuono reversed himself this week after it turned public that the Norfolk area workplace had certainly offered intelligence a few potential assault on the Capitol the day earlier than the rally was set to start out.
Local legislation enforcement companions who spoke to NPR mentioned they felt blindsided by occasions as a result of they solely had a common intelligence report about unrest through the election season with which to work. Typically, uncooked intelligence, which is what the NYPD and Norfolk FBI offered, must be vetted and analyzed earlier than it’s actionable. NPR reached out to U.S. Capitol Police asking if a federal intelligence temporary about Jan. 6 would have modified their planning and has not heard again.
The Intelligence and Analysis workplace at DHS is chargeable for producing these menace assessments they usually usually work in live performance with the FBI. The I&A workplace, as it’s recognized, has had staffing and operations issues for months, ever for the reason that former FBI agent who ran the division, Brian Murphy, was faraway from the job in August after media studies that he was compiling dossiers on journalists and protesters in Portland, Ore. Among different issues, the dossiers made be aware of which journalists had been publishing leaked documents.
The performing homeland safety secretary on the time, Chad Wolf, ordered the intelligence workplace to cease gathering the data on journalists and mentioned there can be an investigation into the matter. A brief time later, Murphy filed a whistleblower grievance through which he alleged that he had been informed to cease reporting on Russian threats to the U.S. election in his menace assessments. He mentioned he was informed it will “make President Trump look unhealthy.” His whistleblower case remains to be pending.
Murphy was changed within the fall by a longtime member of the division’s common counsel’s workplace. He was a lawyer and did not have an evaluation background. What that meant, officers mentioned, was that one of the division’s key missions — disseminating actionable menace data out to native legislation enforcement — was hobbled. This week, Acting Director Wolf introduced that he would even be leaving.
Against that backdrop, as an alternative of a particular intelligence report centered on Jan. 6, the I&A workplace produced one thing extra common about demonstrations, in response to a DHS spokesperson.
The Fusion Center Association’s Sena remembers seeing that report and different native legislation enforcement officers contacted by NPR mentioned they solely recall that again in December there was a bulletin that centered on home extremists who would possibly mobilize and create violence “within the coming months.” It did not concentrate on the Jan. 6 joint session of Congress and it did not point out that Capitol Hill may very well be a goal.
Some safety specialists mentioned they did not suppose an intelligence report would have made a lot of a distinction. “It was completely apparent, when you learn the newspaper that there was going to be an enormous rally, that the president was speaking about… be wild, and that the main focus was going to be the Capitol, the place they had been having a certification vote,” mentioned former DHS Secretary Michael Chertoff. “It did not take rocket science to see if there was a practical foreseeable danger to the Capitol and you’ll improve the safety.”
The menace was so out within the open, Chertoff mentioned, you did not want the menace evaluation to know what was going to occur.
A particular warning lastly got here from federal authorities the day earlier than the riot on the Capitol. After the FBI area workplace in Virginia issued that specific inner warning quoting a web-based menace that cited particular violence and an assault on the Capitol, officers convened a convention name with native legislation enforcement to debate it. But by then it was too late. Less than 24 hours later, a mob would descend on the Capitol.
Eddy says in hindsight he believes the issue was one thing he calls “the invisible apparent” — issues that sit proper in entrance of us that we do not discover. “The motive that they’re invisible to us… will get to our biases,” he mentioned. “The state of affairs right here, I’m sadly fairly certain we will discover, that it was very arduous for these determination makers and these analysts to appreciate that individuals who look identical to them may need to commit this type of unconstitutional violence and will actually attempt to and need to kill them.”
This was imagined to be a pro-Trump rally, till it wasn’t.
“Foe look otherwise, foe act otherwise, say various things,” Eddy mentioned. “They do not have the identical bumper stickers; they do not have the identical yellow flag of ‘Don’t Tread on Me.’ It was arduous for them to see that the legislation and order hierarchy through which they had been born and bred… the place they received their paycheck was inciting the mob that was going to commit the violence that was certainly the foe, not the good friend.”
On Sunday, the FBI formally warned native legislation enforcement that armed protests had been being deliberate in all 50 state homes and the U.S. Capitol. The warning mentioned an unidentified group was calling on others to assist them “storm” state, native and federal courthouses ought to Donald Trump be eliminated as president earlier than Inauguration Day. In Washington, the Secretary of the Army introduced as many as 20,000 National Guard are anticipated to be deployed with weapons.
Source: https://www.npr.org/2021/01/13/956359496/why-didnt-the-fbi-and-dhs-produce-a-threat-report-ahead-of-the-capitol-insurrect
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CS for SB 138 First Engrossed (ntc)
2011138e1
1 A bill to be entitled
2 An act relating to military veterans convicted of
3 criminal offenses; providing a short title; creating
4 s. 921.00242, F.S.; providing that persons found to
5 have committed criminal offenses who allege that the
6 offenses resulted from posttraumatic stress disorder,
7 traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder, or
8 psychological problems stemming from service in a
9 combat theater in the United States military may have
10 a hearing on that issue before sentencing; providing
11 that defendants found to have committed offenses due
12 to such causes and who are eligible for probation or
13 community control may be placed in treatment programs
14 in certain circumstances; providing for sentence
15 credit for defendants placed in treatment who would
16 have otherwise been incarcerated; providing a
17 preference for treatment programs that have histories
18 of successfully treating such combat veterans;
19 amending s. 948.08, F.S.; creating a pretrial
20 veterans’ treatment intervention program; providing
21 requirements for a defendant to be voluntarily
22 admitted to the pretrial program; providing certain
23 exceptions to such admission; providing for the
24 disposition of pending charges following a defendant’s
25 completion of the pretrial intervention program;
26 providing for the charges to be expunged under certain
27 circumstances; amending s. 948.16, F.S.; creating a
28 misdemeanor pretrial veterans’ treatment intervention
29 program; providing requirements for voluntary
30 admission to the misdemeanor pretrial program;
31 providing for the misdemeanor charges to be expunged
32 under certain circumstances; exempting treatment
33 services provided by the Department of Veterans’
34 Affairs or the United States Department of Veterans
35 Affairs from certain contract requirements; providing
36 an effective date.
38 Be It Enacted by the Legislature of the State of Florida:
40 Section 1. This act may be cited as the “T. Patt Maney
41 Veterans’ Treatment Intervention Act.”
42 Section 2. Section 921.00242, Florida Statutes, is created
43 to read:
44 921.00242 Convicted military veterans; posttraumatic stress
45 disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder, or
46 psychological problems from service; treatment services.—
47 (1) If a circuit or county court finds that a defendant has
48 committed a criminal offense, the court must hold a veterans’
49 status hearing prior to sentencing if the defendant has alleged
50 that he or she committed the offense as a result of
51 posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance
52 use disorder, or psychological problems stemming from service in
53 a combat theater in the United States military.
54 (2) At a veterans’ status hearing conducted as required by
55 subsection (1), the court shall determine whether the defendant
56 was a member of the military forces of the United States who
57 served in a combat theater and assess whether the defendant
58 suffers from posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain
59 injury, substance use disorder, or psychological problems as a
60 result of that service. The defendant shall bear the burden of
61 proof at the hearing.
62 (3) If the court concludes that the defendant is a person
63 described in subsection (2) who is eligible for probation or
64 community control and the court places the defendant on county
65 or state probation or into community control, the court may
66 order the defendant into a local, state, federal, or private
67 nonprofit treatment program as a condition of probation or
68 community control if the defendant agrees to participate in the
69 program and the court determines that an appropriate treatment
70 program exists.
71 (4) A defendant who is placed on county or state probation
72 or into community control and committed to a residential
73 treatment program under this section shall earn sentence credits
74 for the actual time he or she serves in the residential
75 treatment program if the court makes a written finding that it
76 would otherwise have sentenced the defendant to incarceration
77 except for the fact that the defendant is a person described in
78 subsection (2).
79 (5) In making an order under this section to commit a
80 defendant to an treatment program, whenever possible the court
81 shall place the defendant in a treatment program that has a
82 history of successfully treating combat veterans who suffer from
84 use disorder, or psychological problems as a result of that
85 service. The court shall give preference to treatment programs
86 for which the veteran is eligible through the United States
87 Department of Veterans Affairs or the Department of Veterans’
88 Affairs.
89 Section 3. Present subsection (7) of section 948.08,
90 Florida Statutes, is renumbered as subsection (8), and a new
91 subsection (7) is added to that section, to read:
92 948.08 Pretrial intervention program.—
93 (7)(a) A person who is charged with a felony, other than a
94 felony listed in s. 948.06(8)(c), and identified as a member or
95 former member of the military forces of the United States who
96 served in a combat theater and who suffers from posttraumatic
97 stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, substance use disorder,
98 or psychological problems as a result of that service is
99 eligible for voluntary admission into a pretrial veterans’
100 treatment intervention program approved by the chief judge of
101 the circuit, upon motion of either party or the court’s own
102 motion, except:
103 1. If a defendant was previously offered admission to a
104 pretrial veterans’ treatment intervention program at any time
105 prior to trial and the defendant rejected that offer on the
106 record, the court may deny the defendant’s admission to such a
107 program.
108 2. If a defendant previously entered a court-ordered
109 veterans’ treatment program, the court may deny the defendant’s
110 admission into the pretrial veterans’ treatment program.
111 3. If the state attorney believes that the facts and
112 circumstances of the case suggest the defendant’s involvement in
113 the selling of controlled substances, the court shall hold a
114 preadmission hearing. If the state attorney establishes, by a
115 preponderance of the evidence at such hearing, that the
116 defendant was involved in the selling of controlled substances,
117 the court shall deny the defendant’s admission into a pretrial
118 intervention program.
119 (b) While enrolled in a pretrial intervention program
120 authorized by this subsection, the participant is subject to a
121 coordinated strategy developed by a veterans’ treatment
122 intervention team. The coordinated strategy should be modeled
123 after the therapeutic jurisprudence principles and key
124 components in s. 397.334(4), with treatment specific to the
125 needs of veterans. The coordinated strategy may include a
126 protocol of sanctions that may be imposed upon the participant
127 for noncompliance with program rules. The protocol of sanctions
128 may include, but is not limited to, placement in a treatment
129 program offered by a licensed service provider or in a jail
130 based treatment program or serving a period of incarceration
131 within the time limits established for contempt of court. The
132 coordinated strategy must be provided in writing to the
133 participant before the participant agrees to enter into a
134 pretrial veterans’ treatment intervention program or other
135 pretrial intervention program. Any person whose charges are
136 dismissed after successful completion of the pretrial veterans’
137 treatment intervention program, if otherwise eligible, may have
138 his or her arrest record and plea of nolo contendere to the
139 dismissed charges expunged under s. 943.0585.
140 (c) At the end of the pretrial intervention period, the
141 court shall consider the recommendation of the administrator
142 pursuant to subsection (5) and the recommendation of the state
143 attorney as to disposition of the pending charges. The court
144 shall determine, by written finding, whether the defendant has
145 successfully completed the pretrial intervention program. If the
146 court finds that the defendant has not successfully completed
147 the pretrial intervention program, the court may order the
148 person to continue in education and treatment, which may include
149 treatment programs offered by licensed service providers or
150 jail-based treatment programs, or order that the charges revert
151 to normal channels for prosecution. The court shall dismiss the
152 charges upon a finding that the defendant has successfully
153 completed the pretrial intervention program.
154 Section 4. Section 948.16, Florida Statutes, is amended to
155 read:
156 948.16 Misdemeanor pretrial substance abuse education and
157 treatment intervention program; misdemeanor pretrial veterans’
158 treatment intervention program.—
159 (1)(a) A person who is charged with a misdemeanor for
160 possession of a controlled substance or drug paraphernalia under
161 chapter 893, and who has not previously been convicted of a
162 felony nor been admitted to a pretrial program, is eligible for
163 voluntary admission into a misdemeanor pretrial substance abuse
164 education and treatment intervention program, including a
165 treatment-based drug court program established pursuant to s.
166 397.334, approved by the chief judge of the circuit, for a
167 period based on the program requirements and the treatment plan
168 for the offender, upon motion of either party or the court’s own
169 motion, except, if the state attorney believes the facts and
170 circumstances of the case suggest the defendant is involved in
171 dealing and selling controlled substances, the court shall hold
172 a preadmission hearing. If the state attorney establishes, by a
174 defendant was involved in dealing or selling controlled
175 substances, the court shall deny the defendant’s admission into
176 the pretrial intervention program.
178 authorized by this section, the participant is subject to a
179 coordinated strategy developed by a drug court team under s.
180 397.334(4). The coordinated strategy may include a protocol of
181 sanctions that may be imposed upon the participant for
182 noncompliance with program rules. The protocol of sanctions may
183 include, but is not limited to, placement in a substance abuse
184 treatment program offered by a licensed service provider as
185 defined in s. 397.311 or in a jail-based treatment program or
186 serving a period of incarceration within the time limits
187 established for contempt of court. The coordinated strategy must
188 be provided in writing to the participant before the participant
189 agrees to enter into a pretrial treatment-based drug court
190 program or other pretrial intervention program. Any person whose
191 charges are dismissed after successful completion of the
192 treatment-based drug court program, if otherwise eligible, may
193 have his or her arrest record and plea of nolo contendere to the
195 (2)(a) A member or former member of the military forces of
196 the United States who served in a combat theater and who suffers
197 from posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury,
198 substance use disorder, or psychological problems as a result of
199 that service who is charged with a misdemeanor is eligible for
200 voluntary admission into a misdemeanor pretrial veterans’
202 the circuit, for a period based on the program requirements and
203 the treatment plan for the offender, upon motion of either party
204 or the court’s own motion. However, the court may deny the
205 defendant admission into a misdemeanor pretrial veterans’
206 treatment intervention program if the defendant has previously
207 entered a court-ordered veterans’ treatment program.
223 misdemeanor pretrial veterans’ treatment intervention program or
224 other pretrial intervention program. Any person whose charges
225 are dismissed after successful completion of the misdemeanor
226 pretrial veterans’ treatment intervention program, if otherwise
227 eligible, may have his or her arrest record and plea of nolo
228 contendere to the dismissed charges expunged under s. 943.0585.
229 (3)(2) At the end of the pretrial intervention period, the
230 court shall consider the recommendation of the treatment program
231 and the recommendation of the state attorney as to disposition
232 of the pending charges. The court shall determine, by written
233 finding, whether the defendant successfully completed the
234 pretrial intervention program. Notwithstanding the coordinated
235 strategy developed by a drug court team pursuant to s.
236 397.334(4) or by the veterans’ treatment intervention team, if
237 the court finds that the defendant has not successfully
238 completed the pretrial intervention program, the court may order
239 the person to continue in education and treatment or return the
240 charges to the criminal docket for prosecution. The court shall
241 dismiss the charges upon finding that the defendant has
242 successfully completed the pretrial intervention program.
243 (4)(3) Any public or private entity providing a pretrial
244 substance abuse education and treatment program under this
245 section shall contract with the county or appropriate
246 governmental entity. The terms of the contract shall include,
247 but not be limited to, the requirements established for private
248 entities under s. 948.15(3). This requirement does not apply to
249 services provided by the Department of Veterans’ Affairs or the
250 United States Department of Veterans Affairs.
251 Section 5. This act shall take effect July 1, 2011.
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Press Release – Expanse.Tech™ Creates $1 Million Grant Program to Fund Innovative Projects Designed to Run on the Expanse Blockchain
Expanse.TechTM Creates $1 Million Grant Program to Fund Innovative Projects Designed to Run on the Expanse Blockchain
The EXPGrants program is designed to advance blockchain technology innovation by providing financial assistance for projects built in and around Expanse.
WASHINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA, USA, May 23, 2018 /EINPresswire.com/ — The Expanse.Tech Project today announced the creation of a $1 million grant fund called EXPGrants. The idea is to provide financial assistance for innovative projects built in and around Expanse.
Expanse.Tech is inviting project ideas that could be funded in the range of
$5000 to $50,000 with absolutely no strings attached. Intellectual property
rights remain with the developers and they are free to use and publish their work however and wherever they wish.
Developers can also use the funds as they want without any obligations whatsoever to Expanse.tech. The only prerequisite is that the project has to be developed on the Expanse platform.
Describing the rationale behind the grants, Expanse.Tech founder and CEO, Christopher Franko, said, “What we have created is a massively scalable and extremely powerful platform that can be used to create unique Dapps to The EXPGrants program is our way of letting the world know of the limitless possibilities of the Expanse blockchain, while providing financial support to help others achieve their dreams.”
solve real world problems. The more people build on Expanse, the more they explore and discover its utility and the more successful Expanse is. The EXPGrants is our way of letting the world know of the limitless abilities of, and possibilities with, the Expanse platform. EXPGrants can give you the capital required to bring your vision to reality. Ultimately, our endeavor is to make the world we live in a better place with the help of this exciting new technology.”
Christopher J. Franko, CEO
The EXPGrants program can also help students and instructors create class projects, how-to videos, curricula, tutorials and any other creative or innovative work. It can also help developers who have a path-breaking idea or even a working Dapp and are looking to expand their horizons. It also has a soft corner for charity projects because charity is one of the cornerstones of everything happening at Expanse. All of these activities can be done on the Expanse platform better than anywhere else.
To apply for a grant, all the developer has to do is fill in a short form available on the web site. The application will be studied by the core team at Expanse, and successful applicants will be contacted for further course of action. The developer team will also get technological expertise from the Expanse team to hasten the completion of their project.
About Expanse.Tech
The Expanse platform was built in 2015 and now has a three-year history of consistent growth and stability. Although it started out small, it had big ideas. Slowly, it started attracting a brilliant and loyal community that has built numerous projects that underline the immense abilities of the platform. What can be achieved on the Expanse platform is limited only by the imagination and talent of all the diverse people around the world involved in the journey. Expanse.Tech plans to be one of the top blockchain projects in the world. It invites you to explore its limitless possibilities. Visit us at https://expanse.tech.
Marcia Lewis Danzeisen
Expanse.Tech
This press release can be viewed online at: http://www.einpresswire.com
Disclaimer: If you have any questions regarding information in this press release please contact the company listed in the press release. Please do not contact EIN Presswire. We will be unable to assist you with your inquiry. EIN Presswire disclaims any content contained in these releases.
© 1995-2018 IPD Group, Inc. All Right Reserved.
Biweekly news 未分类
EXPANSE 快报 Vo. 3, No. 11– 6/15/2018
新闻稿-Expanse。科技™创造了100万美元的赠款项目基金创新项目旨在在广袤Blockchain上运行
EXPANSE GRANTS – OPENING NEW VISTAS FOR BLOCKCHAIN ENTREPRENEURS
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Laura Payne
Interim Director, Office of Recreation & Park Resources, Recreation, Sport and Tourism
Professor, Recreation, Sport and Tourism
Emaillpayne@illinois.edu
Leisure Business & Economics
Recreation Medicine & Life Sciences
Self-efficacy Business & Economics
Physical Activity Business & Economics
Recreational Parks Medicine & Life Sciences
Social Support Business & Economics
Effects of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health, Health Beliefs, and Medical Use: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Reif, J., Chan, D., Jones, D., Payne, L. & Molitor, D., Jul 2020, In: JAMA Internal Medicine. 180, 7, p. 952-960 9 p.
Leisure education in chronic disease self-management: a case study and lessons learned
Janke, M. C., Payne, L. L. & Son, J. S., Jul 2 2020, In: Leisure/ Loisir. 44, 3, p. 397-420 24 p.
The Roles of Leisure Attitudes and Self-Efficacy on Attitudes Toward Retirement Among Retirees: A Sense of Coherence Theory Approach
Lee, C., Payne, L. L. & Berdychevsky, L., Mar 3 2020, In: Leisure Sciences. 42, 2, p. 152-169 18 p.
Sense of Coherence
Diabetes disparities in Illinois
Jansen, T., Aguayo, L., Whitacre, J., Bobitt, J., Payne, L. & Schwingel, A., Jan 1 2019, In: Preventing Chronic Disease. 16, 2, 180154.
Geographic and social factors associated with chronic disease Self-Management Program participation: Going the "extra-mile" for disease prevention
Bobitt, J., Aguayo, L., Payne, L., Jansen, T. & Schwingel, A., Mar 1 2019, In: Preventing Chronic Disease. 16, 3, 180385.
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The 100 Season 4: Clarke’s New Love Interest, Luna & Roan Ally or Enemy?
What’ll happen in The 100 Season 4?
Clarke’s New Love Interest?
Roan and Luna: Ally or Enemy?
The last season of The 100 left us hanging on a number of questions – the biggest of which being humanity’s survival on Planet Earth. Besides the threat to wipe outhuman race, The 100 season 4 will also be shedding some light on Clarke’s future love interest and her relationship with people around her.
New love interest, new characters and new haircut coming up in The 100 season 4.
When season 3 ended, Clarke had saved her friends from becoming slaves to an AI. But it was a ‘from the pan into the fire’ situation because just before pulling the kill switch, Alie – the AI – tells Clarke that nuclear reactors are melting and soon the planet will become inhabitable. With 96% of Earth’s natural resources destroyed due to radiation, Clarke and her gang will have to face harsh condition, with scarcity of food, clean water, black rain among a bunch of other adversarial circumstances. The questions is– how many lives will be lost by the time season 4 ends? Will The 100 squad come together in moments of dire need? And will strong personalities like Luna and Roan (yes, he survived) join hands with Clarke and the Sky people in a bid for survival?
The CW rolled out a trailer for season 4 a couple of weeks back. With only a few weeks left for the season to premiere, there is a new poster where Clarke and her friends are seen looking over to the horizon where the world is coming to an end.
The 100 Season 4 Key Art
Here’s the official The 100 season 4 trailer. Check oit out, if you haven’t already.
Weeks ago, showrunner Jason Rothenbergand Eliza Taylor had shed some light on what we are likely to see in season 4:
“The Earth strikes back in season 4. It’s an unbeatable foe. [The story]becomes not trying to stop it, because it’s not stoppable, it becomes how do we survive? There are not enough life boats. The Earth is the ark. Some people are just done fighting and just want to party until the end of the world.” –Jason Rothenberg
“It’s going to be really interesting to watch a group of people, humans, trying to survive again in a world that — this is an enemy that we can’t defeat,” Taylor said. “How do we move forward? In true Clarke fashion, that will be her trying to get everyone on board. There will be some very different reactions.”
The 100 is a show about survival and as usual, the gang will be pushed beyond their limits. But it’ll be interesting to see if the show comes up with a refreshing approaching to their story-telling with season 4.
After Lexa’s death in season 3, for several fans it’s hard to imagine Clarke with someone else. Although some fans have voiced concern that it won’t be appropriate for Clarke to have a new love interest so soon, showrunner Jason Rothenberg says despite nursing a broken heart, Clarke will move on, because that is something Lexa would’ve wanted.
“And I can say, as the voice of Lexa – the person who created that character – that Lexa would want her to. Lexa would want Clarke to be happy again. As I think we all would want the people who we love to be able to – not forget us – but to move on and find happiness,”Rothenberg told Hypable.
Of course, he didn’t confirm anything and left us to figure things out when The 100 season 4 premieres.
We already confirmed that Roan and Luna is returning for this season. Seems like Roan had survived and could still be heading the Ice Nation. While shooting for the upcoming seasonNadia Hilker (Luna) revealed that her character gets to be more ass-kicking and “things are getting bloody” this season. So fans can hope for a blast whenever she appears on thescreen. Both being powerful leaders and having control over the people they rule, they could help Clarke and her squad to survive in what seem like the second apocalypse in The 100 universe. But ever since they landed on Earth, the Sky people’s partnership with other clans have ended in a disaster. So fans will simply have to wait and see if Roan and Luna help the Sky people survive Apocalypse 2.0.
Besides the regular bunch of characters, The 100 season 4 will see new one’s coming on board and perhaps for new clans that are going to appear this season.
The 100 season 4 premieres on February 1, 2017, with 13 episodes.
Do you think it’s too soon for Clarke to have a new love interest? Should she be given more time to nurse her broken heart and reconnect with her family and friends, before jumping to a new relationship? Tell us what you think.
TagsThe 100The CW
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76 - 100 out of 179Page size: 25
Faecal recovery, mucosal adhesion, gastrointestinal effects and tolerance of mixed cultures of potential probiotic lactobacilli
Rosenfeldt, V., Pærregaard, A., Larsen, C. N., Møller, P. L., Tvede, M., Sandström, B., Jakobsen, Mogens & Michaelsen, Kim F., 2003, In : Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease. 5, p. 2-9 8 p.
Effect of soybean fortification on Ghanaian germented maize dough aroma
Annan, N. T., Plahar, W. A., Poll, L. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 56, 5, p. 315-326 12 p.
Biodiversity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from a survey of pito production sites in various parts of Ghana
Glover, R., Robert C., A., Jakobsen, Mogens & Jespersen, Lene, 2005, In : Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 28, 8, p. 755-761 7 p.
Occurrence and diversity of yeasts involved in fermentation of West African cocoa beans
Jespersen, Lene, Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Hønholt, S. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : FEMS Yeast Research. 5, 4-5, p. 441-453 13 p.
Influence of volatile compounds produced by yeasts predominant during processing of Coffea arabica in East Africa on growth and ochratoxin A (OTA) production by Aspergillus ochraceus
Masoud, W. M. H., Poll, L. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : Yeast. 22, 14, p. 1133-1142 9 p.
The combined effects of pH, NaCI and temperature on growth of cheese ripening cultures of Debaryomyces hansenii and coryneform bacteria
Masoud, W. M. H. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : Internationational Dairy Journal. 15, p. 69-77 9 p.
Five essential oils from aromatic plants of Cameroon: their antibacterial activity and ability to permeabilize the cytoplasmic membrane of Listeria innocua examined by flow cytometry
Nguefack, J., Budde, B. B. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : Letters in Applied Microbiology. 39, p. 395-400 6 p.
Impact of diet on the composition of the intestinal microflora and inflammation in 10 months old infants
Nielsen, S. D., Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Lauritzen, Lotte, Jakobsen, Mogens & Michaelsen, Kim F., 2005. 1 p.
Influence of nutrition on the composition of the intestinal microflora and fecal calprotectin concentration in 10 months old infants
Nielsen, S. D., Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Jakobsen, Mogens & Michaelsen, Kim F., 2005. 1 p.
Influence of the nutrition on the composition of the intestinal microflora and calprotectin concentration in 10 months old infants
Nielsen, S. D., Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Jakobsen, Mogens & Michaelsen, Kim F., 2005, Abstracts. Levnedsmiddelcentret, p. 94 1 p.
Volatile compounds of Soumbala, a fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) food condiment
Ouoba, L. I. I., Diawara, B., Annan, N. T., Poll, L. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2005, In : Journal of Applied Microbiology. 99, 99, p. 1413-1421 9 p.
Adhesion properties of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from Italian tabel olives and propionibacteria
Altier, C., Bevilacqua, A., Ouoba, L. I. I., Sinigaglia, M. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006. 1 p.
Esterase and protease activities of Bacillus spp. from afitin, iru and sonru: three African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) condiments from Benin
Azokpota, P., Hounhouigan, D. J., Nago, M. C. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006, In : African Journal of Biotechnology. 5, 3, p. 265-272 8 p.
Control of pathogens at cellular and molecular level in the food chain
Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006. 1 p.
Differential expression of proteins and genes in the lag phase of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis grown in synthetic medium and reconstituted skim milk
Larsen, N., Boye, M., Siegumfeldt, Henrik & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006, In : Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 72, 2, p. 1173-1179 7 p.
Ghanaian cocoa fermentations investigated using culture dependant and independant methods
Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Teniola, O. D., Ban-Koffi, L., Owusu, M., Andersson, T., Holzapfel, W. H. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006. 1 p.
Degradation of polysaccharides and non-digestible oligosaccharides by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus isolated from Soumbala, a fermented African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa) food condiment
Ouoba, L. I. I., Diawara, B., Christensen, T., Mikkelsen, J. D. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2006, In : European Food Research and Technology. 224, 6, p. 689-694 6 p.
The effect of applying GMP and HACCP to traditional food processing at a semi-commerical kenkey production plant in Ghana
Amoa-Awua, W. K., Ngunjiri, P., Anlobe, J., Kpodo, K., Halm, M., Ewurafua Hayford, A. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2007, In : Food Control. 18, 11, p. 1449-1457 9 p.
Interactions of macrophages with probiotic bacteria lead to increased antiviral response against vesicular stomatitis virus
Ivec, M., Botic, T., Koren, S., Jakobsen, Mogens, Weingartl, H. & Cencic, A., 2007, In : Antiviral Research. 75, 3, p. 266-274 9 p.
Novel Lactobacillus plantarum or Pentosus strain, a probiotic having protective activity, useful as starter culture for fermentation of food product e.g. sausage, for treating gastrointestinal disorders, atopic eczema, allergy
Klingberg, T. D., Budde, B. B., Jakobsen, Mogens, Axelsson, L. & Naterstad, K., 2007, IPC No. C12N-001/20, Patent No. WO2007003917-A1, 11 Jan 2007
Research output: Patent
Hvad kan det bruges til? fødevaremikrobiologi
Mortensen, B. K. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2007, In : Maelkeritidende. 120, 15, p. 328-329 2 p.
Lactobacillus ghanensis sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium isolated from Ghanaian cocoa fermentations
Nielsen, Dennis Sandris, Schillinger, U., Franz, C. M. A. P., Bresciani, J., Amoa-Awua, W., Holzapfel, W. H. & Jakobsen, Mogens, 2007, In : International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 57, p. 1468-1472 5 p.
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Home Analysis Player Analysis Jupiler Pro League 2018/19 Tactical Analysis: Hans Vanaken
Jupiler Pro League 2018/19 Tactical Analysis: Hans Vanaken
Club Brugge didn’t finish top in the Jupiler Pro League in the 2018-2019 season as KRC Genk won the title, but their performances on the pitch did sparkle many. Ivan Leko was the mastermind from the touchline, but the leader of the orchestra was Hans Vanaken, as this tactical analysis will show.
Hans Vanaken signed for Club Brugge in 2015, when he came from Sporting Lokeren. Vanaken was voted as the best player of the season in the Jupiler Pro League 2017-2018 and won the award again this season. Vanaken was an important player in the 2018-2019, because he was instrumental in Ivan Leko’s 3-5-2 formation. We will explore that in this tactical analysis.
Ivan Leko’s 3-5-2 of Club Brugge. Hans Vanaken has played the majority of the games on the midfield as a left central midfielder.
As you can see in the image above, Ivan Leko employed a 3-5-2 formation with a five-man midfield. Vanaken usually played in a high block with Ruud Vormer, just in front of defensive midfielder Mats Rits.
On other occasions, Hans Vanaken would move forward and form a striker duo with veteran Jelle Vossen. This happened in 40% of the matches this season, but the place on the midfield was were Vanaken had the most impact on the game.
Attacking style of play
Hans Vanaken played a significant role in the attack. His statistics show that much. He has 17 goals and 16 assists in 40 games played during last season with a pass completion of 84,8%. If you look at his heatmap of the last season, you can see that he mainly moves on the left central midfield, moving a bit more to the left-wing position.
Hans Vanaken’s heatmap of the 2018-2019 season: he mainly plays on the left-midfield on the opponents’ half.
In reality, this means that Hans Vanaken is involved with the attacking style of play conducted by Club Brugge. Vanaken goes forward and passes the ball to the upcoming versatile wing-backs, in order to create a chance from the flanks. This can be seen in the image below.
Hans Vanaken creates spaces for the upcoming wing-backs on the left.
Vanaken didn’t only create the space for the cross, but also followed up on that pass. He moved forward into the box in order to receive the pass from the wing-back and make an attempt on goal. He did that on several occasion this season, but you can also see this in the image below in the game against Antwerp.
Vanaken moves into the box, ready to attack the cross.
Vanaken creates chances for others and himself on the left-hand side, but equally important for the attack, is his partnership with Ruud Vormer. Their attacking block creates a number of chances.
Vormer and Vanaken with Rits playing behind them.
As said before, Rits played behind those two in a defensive role, while Vanaken en Vormer tried to play high on the opponent’s half. Especially when in control of the attack as can be seen below.
Vanaken and Vormer play high up Antwerps half to pose a threat to their opponents.
While Vormer was often the central midfielder that dropped a bit more back, Vanaken was the central midfielder who played more progressively. In this pass map below of the game against Antwerp you can see that Vanaken receives a lot of passes going forward and distributes them to the front two.
Pass map Vanaken against Antwerp.
Vanaken plays closely to the attackers Openda and Wesley, creating a threat on the left side and making life easier for the attackers going forward.
Vanaken created many chances which can be seen in the amount of shot assists and second assists he had through the season. He had 98 passes that lead to a shot from a teammate and 6-second assists, passes that lead to a teammate giving an assist.
Role in defensive shape
As part of the five-man midfield, Vanaken also had his defensive duties in Ivan Leko’s 3-5-1-1 or 3-5-2 formation. When the opponent attacks the five-man midfield helps the defence, as can be seen in the image below.
The five-man midfield drops down when Club Brugge are under attack. The versatile wing backs and defensive midfielder Rits form a five-man defence.
The role Vanaken had in this type of defensive situation can be seen in the image below, where he is part of the Vanaken-Vormer block that drops down with Rits playing in front of the defence.
Vanaken and Vormer complete the defensive 5-3-2 set up when being under attack.
Vanaken and Vormer formed the three midfielders alongside Rits. The versatile Club Brugge wing-backs completed the five-man defence, which meant that the defensive 5-3-2 formation was in place when under attack by KAA Gent, like on the image above.
Vanaken and Vormer formed the first defensive line in these situations, and Vanaked did well with that this season. He had 299 recoveries of which 51,8% were on the opponent’s half, 168 interceptions and 38 clearances during this Jupiler League 2018-2019 season.
Prolific midfielder
Next to the tactical analysis, we also had a look at his statistics. His statistics for this season are great. Not only has he scored 17 goals and given 16 assists, but he’s also beating his expected goals (15,67) and expected assists (12,27). This means that he capitalises on the chances he gets or the chances he creates.
His statistics for passing are quite impressive as well. He has made 2673 passes during the season with a pass completion of 84,8% in 40 matches. 433 of those passes were to the final third (75,8% completion), which indicates that he constantly wants to create chances.
Club Brugge sought to retain their title in the Jupiler Pro League but failed to do so. But that wasn’t of lack of trying of Hans Vanaken. He had a very successful season with 17 goals and 16 assists as this tactical analysis showed. His contribution was vital in the attacking style of playing Club Brugge had and many clubs will look for ways to attract him over the summer.
Marc Lamberts
My name is Marc Lamberts. Freelance journalist and Arts & Culture student. Football fanatic. Love 3-5-2. UEFA C. 27. Dutch.
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David Strelec 2020/21 – scout report
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Home Analysis Katty Martinez 2019/20 – scout report
Katty Martinez 2019/20 – scout report
Mexico’s first female professional football league, the Liga MX Feminil, has seen a meteoric rise in popularity since its creation in 2017/18. The league has flourished with fans showing support for their female Liga MX counterparts, filling stadiums by the thousands. The 2019 Liga MX Feminil final-played between Monterrey and Tigres UANL, broke the league’s attendance record with a total of 41,615 fans packed into the Estadio Universitario.
Playing in that Liga MX Femeni final for Tigres, was none other than the promising Mexican international striker: Katty Martinez. The 22-year-old from Nuevo Leon has taken the league by storm, scoring a total of 41 goals in 57 appearances. Her performances have recently sparked rumors of a transfer to the NWSL, with the Houston Dash being cited as notable suitors.
Martinez is continuing to uphold her goalscoring prowess in the 2020 Clausura, scoring five goals in 551 minutes so far this season. In this scout report, we will view why the talents of Martinez are essential to Tigres formidable attack in Liga MX feminil. A comprehensive tactical analysis will also provide factual evidence as to why she is so successful in Tigres attacking play, and how her abilities can be translated with other dynamic tactics.
Positioning:
Martinez has primarily been used by Roberto Medina’s side as a central striker in a flexible 1-4-2-3-1 formation. When viewing Martinez’s heatmap one can see that she operates primarily in central areas of the pitch, but also has a tendency to drop into deeper positions on the left side. This is a typical trend, as her positioning complements the movement of Tigres creative left-winger, Lizbeth Ovalle.
Tigres can rely on Martinez to always be an outlet when playing the ball to her feet. She can be classified as a typical back-to-goal striker that is able to drop into space in front of the backline in order to receive possession. Once in these areas, she is able to bring her teammates into play and also combine to get behind the oppositions defensive lines herself. This can be seen in her simple passing accuracy rating of 78.9%, which shows how consistent she is in the teams build up.
Roberto Medina’s style of play runs largely through the use of Ovalle, Mayor, Navarette, and Martinez. Tigres often look to build from the back methodically and then either look to play forward to Martinez immediately or switch the ball across the backline in order to open up another forward passing lane.
Martinez is especially good at helping Tigres build in the attack by ranking second in Liga MX for attacking contributions with 1.04 average per 90mins. Attacking contributions can be defined as a metric that assigns the xG value of a shot to every player that made any action in the attack that led to the shot. This indicates that Martinez is particularly adept at creating shot chances for herself and the team.
Attacking build-up:
Tigres UANL utilise Martinez as a central striker and even as an occasional #10 in the midfield three. This tactic is traditionally seen when Stephany Mayor is in the lineup, as the two have very good role relationships with who checks into space underneath and who stretches the opposition vertically. These actions are particularly important to Tigres who typically utilise Mayor and Martinez as outlets to build off of going forward. Martinez and Mayor have excellent back to goal abilities which allow them to hold up play for many of the midfielders underneath like Rangel and Antonio. Tigres generally implement many up-back-through patterns of play that place a high demand on the quality of pass being made into the wings for Ovalle and Navarette to receive. This is particularly evident in Tigres play as they lead the league in average crosses per 90 (17.82) and average touches in the penalty area per 90 (17.69).
Martinez’s skillset as a target forward and how they fit into Roberto Medina’s tactics can be viewed through the rosy lens of Marcelo Bielsa’s, “Advanced Area Actions” philosophy. This philosophy highlights the concept of verticality and the idea to penetrate with possession through the opposition’s lines. The use of “Advanced Area Actions” is a term used in certain training exercises to help classify dangerous areas of the pitch that can draw defenders out of space. The spaces in behind the backline and inbetween the midfield/defensive lines are where Martinez is particularly good.
Katty Martinez is particularly adept at playing with her back to goal and bringing her teammates into play underneath the backline. [Credit: Wyscout]
Once again, Martinez drops into the half-space providing a “Mixed position” for defenders to deal with. [Credit: Wyscout]
She is very good with her back to goal and often positions herself in areas that are difficult for defenders to engage in. By dropping deep in between the midfield/defensive line, she places many defenders in tough situations to either follow her and apply pressure, or let her receive and turn in a dangerous area. These “mixed positions” are particularly difficult for defenders to deal with as it forces them to cover more ground diagonally in order to apply pressure.
Mixed positions are much harder for defenders due to the slightly longer distance they must cover and the communication needed to organize effectively. [Credit: The Football Philosophy- In Shadows of Marcelo Bielsa]
By pulling defenders out of their defensive zones, this opens up more space for players like Ovalle, Mayor, and Navarette to run into. This is particularly evident with the movement of Ovalle, who is a very creative winger who can cut inside and also get in behind defenders in tandem with Martinez’s movement.
Katty Martinez drifts in space across the backline, then looks to play the wingers into space. [Credit: Wyscout]
Martinez’s positioning is often dependent on where she is receiving service from. Typically Tigres look to methodically rotate the ball across the back before a passing lane opens up vertically. This can be seen from the pass maps of Tigres centre-backs Ferral and Espinoza, who often look to play Martinez’s feet in Tigres build-up.
Katty Martinez 2019/20-scout report tactical analysis tactics
This indicates how often Martinez is used as a direct outlet for Tigres to penetrate and build off of. This encompasses the goal of Bielsa’s “Advanced Area Actions” which looks to emphasise forward penetration in spaces that the ball may be played into. It is safe to say that Martinez is an integral piece of Roberto Medina’s attacking build-up.
Goal scoring:
Being a central striker, Martinez’s main duty is to finish opportunities. She finished the 2019 Clausura as Tigres top scorer with 17 goals scored combined with a season accumulated xG of 17.31, placing her in 3rd place in the Liga MX goalscoring charts. Although she is placed 3rd in the league for goals scored, her total minutes played must be acknowledged.
Martinez played a total of 1,845 minutes in last years Clausura, placing her at 9th overall for minutes played out of the Liga MX Feminil’s top ten scorers showing an impressive goalscoring prowess with limited minutes. Monterrey’s Monca Monsivais played a total of 2,517 minutes and scored 23 goals which is 672 more minutes than Martinez. This information can be used to compare Martinez’s impressive goal tally in relationship to minutes played. She accumulated 17 goals over the course of 1,845 minutes in the league and if she played in 600+ more minutes, she could very well be in the 25+ goals range.
In this image, we can note that Katty Martinez has the highest average xG value when compared to the rest of the leagues top 10 goal scoring strikers.
After evaluating Martinez’s performance further one can note that her average xG of 0.75 ranks 1st out of all Liga MX strikers. This statistic is particularly telling of her abilities to get into dangerous areas and to finish as she scored a total of 17 goals over the course of the year with a season accumulated xG of 17.31. Clearly, Martinez is able to get into very dangerous attacking scenarios, but her finishing ability can be improved to match the season xG quota.
Out of all the players in Liga MX Feminl, Martinez ranks 6th overall for touches in the penalty area with a rating of 4.63 per 90- which coincides with her goal-scoring prowess. Many of Martinez’s chances come from within the penalty area, which often varies from crossing chances, through balls, and penalty kicks. In the shot map below we can see that many of her chances are created in and around the penalty spot where xG is typically the highest. Martinez’s ability to poach effectively in these dangerous areas can be a reason why her xG is so high as well as her average SOG accuracy, which is ranked 4th out of the league’s top ten scoring strikers with a 49% SOG average.
Martinez scores and creates most of her opportunities centrally inside the penalty area. [Credit: Wyscout]
Martinez is particularly good at arriving late to the box and making near post runs for crossing opportunities. The near post-run is arguably the most fundamental concept that a goal-scoring striker can learn in order to open up space in the box, challenge the keeper, and force defenders out of position. Martinez has almost perfected this skill due to her deceptive ability in the build-up play. As a central striker, she often initiates attacks by combining with midfielders and wide players to get forward underneath.
Martinez begins her movement into the penalty area by drifting in between the two centre backs. [Credit: Wyscout]
Any time she senses the ball going into a wide area or any dangerous space in the attacking third, she places herself in “mixed positions” often in between the two centre-backs. This positioning often creates confusion for defenders by questioning who has to mark her. Martinez then uses this to her advantage by flashing in between both markers to make a hard near post-run. The tactic essentially “pins” defenders in the box who are ball watching and not paying attention to Martinez’s movements which focuses on getting into the area between the near post and the edge of the six-yard box.
Due to her prior positioning, Martinez can now choose when to run to the near post catching the defenders off guard and blindsided. [Credit: Wyscout]
This ability has been made famous by her fellow Mexican compatriot, Javier Hernandez, who flourished in the EPL and La Liga as a poaching striker for some of the world’s best teams(Manchester United and Real Madrid to name a few). Hernandez almost always had a knack for being in the box at the right time, which was contributed to his proactive positioning that happened well before he reached the penalty area.
Martinez notices that a cross is coming and the defender cannot see her. [Credit: Wyscout]
Martinez capitalizes by running towards the edge of the 6 and slotting home. [Credit: Wyscout]
Out of Martinez’s 17 goals scored, 47% of them have been from crossing opportunities in the box which is a testament to her timing abilities. If Martinez continues to improve her goal ratio and ability to score consistently inside the penalty area, then a big move to the NWSL or Europe may well be on the cards.
Defensive work rate:
Defensively, Martinez’s main responsibility is to be the first defender in the press. Tigres typically look to press teams high in the oppositions final third and force the ball into wide channels. Martinez contributes to this action by steering play into the channels and cutting off passing lanes that help teams switch the point of attack.
Tigres ranks 4th for avg PPDA per90. [Credit: Wyscout]
Communication with Stephanie Mayor is key, as the #10 can roll high or drop off to help adhere to Martinez in her pressing actions. These actions have led to Tigres producing a PPDA of 5.19, placing them at 4th overall in Liga MX Feminil for pressing intensity.
Katty Martinez and Stephanie Mayor look to press in tandem when the ball begins going wide. [Credit: Wyscout]
Martinez’s own pressing contributions can be shown in the image below. She ranks first in overall pressing percentage in the opposition’s half with 86% of her recoveries coming from this area, but she needs to increase her overall duel win percentage as she ranks 8th out of the league’s top ten strikers with a duel win rate of 35%. This is an area that Martinez can look to improve especially if she wants to move to a more physically demanding league. More data is needed to create a holistic analysis of her actual pressing ability across all strikers in the league, but the top ten goal scorers sample does provide enough framework for how each top striker works defensively in their respective team environments.
Katty Martinez has a great win percentage in the oppositions half (86%) but she needs to improve her overall deul% (35%) and work rate to be a more well-rounded player.
There is no doubting Martinez’s abilities in attack for Tigres UANL, as the young Mexican international has continuously improved in the Liga MX Feminil. On the other hand, she does need to improve her defensive work rate and become more clinical, as her xG value provides evidence that she could be scoring more goals. Only time will tell if Martinez will make the jump to Europe or the NWSL, but the future is bright for one of Liga MX Feminil’s best talents.
Kyle Emerick
Collegiate coach, analyst, and lifelong learner
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Archives, Coming of Age
The Cuban Missile Crisis | We All Hid Under Our Desks
Posted by the messenger on February 4, 2017 July 22, 2017
In the previous message, The Pioneering Age of Radio & Security (Part One), the author alluded to the “Red Scare” and the Cuban missile crisis. Here is the author’s memory of a day in October 1962…
<feature photo by ccecoldwar1.weebly.com
I sat at my desk eating lunch at elementary school on Wednesday, October 24, 1962. My mom’s tuna fish sandwiches were hard to beat. She added a bag of Lay’s potato chips and a bottle of Yoo-hoo. The class waited for CBS newscaster Walter Chronkite’s fatherly voice to explain how the Russians had responded to President’s Kennedy’s speech two nights ago. JFK had promised to block Soviet ships from entering into Cuba. My classmate Billy Burns boasted that Khrushchev had attempted an end run, like in football, in hopes of scoring a touchdown. Billy said his dad told him that the Russians had underestimated the U.S. defense during the Cuban missile crisis.
photo by pinterest.com
Our Teacher Mrs. Bristlin had placed the small black & white T.V. on her desk yesterday. The students smiled as she sat at Jenny Harding’s desk eating a sandwich like one of us. Jenny had been absent all week with the Hong Kong flu. Mrs. Bristlin was close enough to the T.V. where she could reach over to regulate the sound. CBS News’s Walter Chronkite’s special broadcast placed our class on high alert.
photo by New York Daily News
Monday evening President John F. Kennedy had addressed the nation regarding the Cuban missile crisis. As my dad said, “Kennedy didn’t mince words.” In other words he told us all what was going on and warned that the solution wouldn’t be easy to come by.
From what I understood, Russian Premier Nikita Khrushchev had been sneaking missile components into Cuba via ships from the Soviet Union, despite being warned by the U.S. government to stop. JFK told us that once installed, Khrushchev could easily launch the nuclear missiles into United States cities. It sounded pretty scary. Kennedy promised retaliation, like when Carl, who sat behind me, would toss spitballs down the back of my shirt and I’d dig my feet into the floor and ram my desk into his, in retaliation. Of course, Kennedy’s retaliation would have much more dire consequences. Here is an excerpt of JFK’s message to all of us:
My fellow citizens, let no one doubt that this is a difficult and dangerous effort on which we have set out. No one can foresee precisely what course it will take or what costs or casualties will be incurred. Many months of sacrifice and self-discipline lie ahead—months in which both our patience and our will be tested, months in which many threats and denunciations will keep us aware of our dangers. But the greatest danger of all would be to do nothing.
Before class began Mrs. Bristlin, who had supreme faith in JFK, told us that we needn’t be fearful and that President Kennedy would find a way to stop the Russians. Becky, who sat at a desk in the rear, began crying. Mrs. Bristlin, a Southern Belle transplanted from Alabama to Southern California comforted Becky with words as soft as peach fuzz.
photo by UO Blogs
When Walter Chronkite’s face came on the TV screen Mrs. Bristlin held one hand up to quiet the class while her other hand adjusted the volume. For the next few minutes Mrs. Bristlin clasped her hands at her firm jaw while us kids, like good soldiers, listened on. When Chronkite ended the broadcast he said, “And that’s the way it is.” Like Kennedy he didn’t mince words.
Walter Chronkite told us that Khrushchev bragged that the U.S. would not intimidate the Soviet Union. Khrushchev refused to remove the missiles from Cuba. He also accused President Kennedy of putting the world at risk of a nuclear war by ordering the quarantine.
Mrs. Bristlin forgot to turn the T.V. volume back down. Meanwhile, she told the class that we should continue our lessons so that we’d finish elementary school and progress to high school later.
The familiar bell rang. Unlike the recess bell this one didn’t stop.
“All right class,” Mrs. Bristlin said, in a calm voice. “Everyone get under their desk. Now hurry.”
Was the Cuban missile crisis for real? Did Khrushchev fire missiles at us? I saw that Raymond, who would sit in the back row with his long legs stretched out couldn’t get under his desk. At nearly six feet, he was taller than Mrs. Bristlin, and a foot taller than most of us kids.
If the bomb exploded would Raymond be killed because of his height? That wasn’t fair. Mrs. Bristlin pulled her chair out and said, “Raymond, come here, you get under my desk.”
“What about you, Mrs. Bristlin?” Raymond said.
“Don’t worry about me,” she said.
In the back row Becky cried out, “I don’t want you to die Mrs. Bristlin.”
“We’ll all be fine. Now everyone stay under their desks.”
photo by dailymotion.com
When the bell stopped ringing, the room quieted except for the noise of the T.V.
The class followed Mrs. Bristlin’s instruction. We all got up from under our desks while the familiar jingle sounded out of the T.V.’s speaker.
You’ll wonder where the yellow went when you brush your teeth with Pepsodent.
We all smiled as Mrs. Bristlin lowered the T.V. volume and said, “Everybody turn to page fort-two in your social studies book.”
Cuban missile crisisJFKKhrushchevWalter Chronkite
Previous Post The Pioneering Age of Radio & Security (Part One)
Next Post The Pioneering Age of Radio & Security (Part Two)
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Call of War- Forum
Analyze, Adapt, Overcome! - Release Notes
Arcorian Jan 12th 2021, 3:48pm +3
Release Notes - 2021-01-12
Attention, Generals!
With our first update of the year, we rework the way armies are displayed on the map by implementing new army labels for all branches. From now on you will be able to gather all relevant information about army compositions, their allegiances and their current status much quicker in order to formulate a battle plan and stay one step ahead of
your adversaries.
Today’s update also includes some balancing changes and multiple bug fixes. For a complete overview please take a look at the list below:
Any ambitious Officer will highly value the ability to gather precise information quickly and without delay. For this exact reason we have completely reworked the army labels for both the zoomed-in and zoomed-out view. From now on you will immediately be able to get all the crucial information about an army by simply looking at the new army label displayed next to it.
While zoomed-in the new labels will include the respective armies national flag, a health bar, information about its current status represented by unique icons, as well as the overall composition of the army as shown by individual icons for different troop branches.
While zoomed-out the labels will be more simplistic but still provide all necessary information to analyze the situation on a larger scale. The displayed unit icon will depend on the heaviest armored unit class present while the overall unit count will be represented by 1-3 dots in the lower part of the label depending on the armies size.
Last but not least a player’s relation with an army will be colour coded in both views. Enemy armies will field a red label, neutral forces will be brown, allies are represented by green labels and own forces will be displayed in white.
Please note that the new army labels will only be implemented in games of Call of War 1.5 and also not be enabled if low graphics mode has been selected.
Balancing:
We took note of your opinions concerning the AI’s behavior and how frequently AI nations declare wars on players whose global popularity had dropped to low levels. From now on AI nations will be slightly more hesitant to go to war with unpopular players. This does not mean they will idly stand by while players conquer the globe but should result in less cases of players receiving multiple new declarations of war every day.
The overall hitpoints of Aircraft Carriers have been reduced and are now identical to those of Battleships at all levels. Their damage values have also been slightly lowered.
The overall costs to construct Infrastructure have been reduced which will allow players to establish an efficient road network earlier in the game, increasing strategic flexibility should they be willing to invest the resources.
Please note that all balance changes will only affect games created after the release and won’t be implemented in classic games.
The visual indicator for provinces at risk of triggering a revolt was not displayed for values between 0-1%. We adjusted this so any chance for a revolt taking place will trigger the pulsating, red hatching effect even for very low values.
Upgrading units caused their active fire control orders to be reset. This is no longer the case as issued fire control orders will be kept and executed after the upgrading process is done.
A bug has been fixed that caused a player’s own coalition icon to be displaced in the diplomacy screen when playing on mobile devices.
A bug has been fixed that caused the infantry section of a provinces production list to not be scrollable on mobile devices when all units have been unlocked.
On mobile devices the army info popup contained icons of the wrong colour. These have been unified and will now be displayed correctly.
When selecting multiple armies at once their information sections for “Activity” and “Status” sometimes displayed text incorrectly. From now on these sections will always contain centered text.
A bug that caused the chat window to immediately jump to the newest received message as soon as one has been received has been fixed. You will now be able to read up on older chat messages without having to scroll back up multiple times if you are in an active conversation.
For some language settings the email registration popup contained slightly displaced interface buttons, which has been fixed.
We hope you like the redesigned army labels as much as we do and take advantage of the easily processable information they contain when planning your next move in detail, as well as in hasty situations that call for quick decisions. In addition to that make sure to test the effects of today’s balance changes and adapt your strategies accordingly.
Best of luck general, now prove yourself on the battlefield!
Your Bytro Team
[OPEN] THE ENGLISH GAME OPERATOR TEAM IS LOOKING FOR YOU!
Akiar Jan 5th 2021, 1:55pm +15
APPLICATIONS ARE CURRENTLY OPEN!
Do you love helping others? Do you revel in solving problems? Are you a team player that strives to support the community to the best of your ability? If you answered yes to any or all those questions then we look forward to you getting in touch with us.
We are looking for active players to join the international volunteer game operator team to support our endeavour to provide the community with the best support possible! This means responding to player questions and problems via our support suite with the goal of improving morale and getting our players' troops back into the fight. Be it gameplay questions, account problems or player feedback, you will be responsible for addressing these issues with the help and in communication with your team and Bytro to support players everywhere.
Next to being able to help others, joining will also give you the opportunity to take a glimpse behind the curtain of how Bytro works and talk to the team directly. And who knows, there might be other incentives as well…
You are interested and meet the requirements (look below for the full list) but aren’t sure if you have what it takes? Don’t worry, once you are a part of the team you will be trained properly and in-depth so you have all the tools you need to succeed.
So what are you waiting for? Send a forum PM with the subject "English GO Application" to @Slyx and @Akiar (add both as participants) containing the following information and we will get back to you as soon as possible:
Why do you want to become a Game Operator?
Do you have previous experience in customer support?
How well do you know the game mechanics? How long have you been playing the game?
Why should we select you?
Any additional information you would like to share
At least 18 years old
Ability to communicate with users in a professional and mature manner, work in a team and willingness to learn
Game experience and have a good understanding of game mechanics
Ability to work efficiently and be reliable
Regular activity
Native English speaker or very high proficiency
Impeccable grammar and spelling
You have a Discord account
We Want You! EN Moderator Team Recruitment
Dr. Leipreachán Dec 28th 2020, 2:56pm +10
Greetings Generals,
Are you willing to serve the community on the Frontlines? We are looking for Moderators to join the ranks of the volunteer community support English Server team.
What would the role involve?
Moderator (Mod):
Be active in chat and forums
Support players if they have questions in the game chat
Secure TOS, forum rules and chat rules.
Participation in team meetings.
Information exchange via internal forums, PM and Discord.
Are there requirements?
You have to be at least 18 years old.
You have good writing skills.
You communicate in a clean and diplomatic way.
You are a reliable team player.
You have experience with the game and with the detailed game mechanics.
You are active in the game, in the forums and in Discord (for meetings) and you can work on your tasks multiple days a week.
The first steps as a MOD:
You receive an introduction by an experienced MOD
You will get to meet the complete GO and MOD team
Within the first days you will receive additional rights for forum and chat; you will need these for your occupation
Please send an application to @Dr. Leipreachán and @PrinceofHonor via forum conversation and/or Call of War PM system
Your application should include the following information:
Your game username and forum username.
Why you want to join the moderation team?
How much experience do you have in the game? (experience and rank level is not everything as long as you know the mechanics of the game and you are friendly and professional)
Your name, your age and your Discord account name (we use discord to communicate with each-other)?
Do you play on a computer or smartphone?
Timezone.
Any other information about you, (hobbies, etc.) you may be a sports fan and have a favorite team or you may be a secret Taylor Swift fan and love the new album
We look forward to reviewing your application!!
Your CoW Moderation Team!!
Leave a mark! - Release Notes
Arcorian Dec 15th 2020, 3:39pm
With our last update of the year, we implement new dynamic country names on the map and a Call of War wiki that you can access from within and outside the game!
The new dynamic country names appear when you zoom out on the map and allow you to leave a visible mark in your game round. The bigger your empire grows; the more impressive your country's name will be represented on the map for all players to see.
The new Wiki replaces the old manual and allows you to search for vital information without leaving the game. You will find a vast amount of information in there to a wide variety of topics, explaining the ins and outs of the game and its mechanics. Please note that we will add more content to the Wiki in the next few weeks.
Today’s update also includes some balancing changes, further updates and bug fixes. For a complete overview please take a look at the list below:
A new Call of War Wiki was implemented in the game providing detailed information on a wide range of aspects of the game. The new Wiki can be accessed from outside and inside the game.
The Wiki can be opened via a new menu item on top of the “other” menu in the bottom right corner on mobile.
On desktop the existing “info” button in the top left corner of the screen is re-purposed to open the game wiki instead.
In the forums the current manual articles are replaced with a link to the Wiki.
The Wiki can also be accessed via wiki.callofwar.com/
The Wiki provides information in English only, as the amount of information is too much to provide localized versions and keeping all those languages up to date in case of changes.
Country names are now displayed dynamically when zooming out on the map. The bigger your country gets, the larger the font size and your mark on the map for all players to see and to represent the power of your empire.
The naval combat balance was adjusted, especially in terms of how Destroyers are fighting Submarines. Prior to this update it was too easy for Destroyers to destroy Submarines due to their attack range combined with their high speed and ability to reveal. Destroyers now get their attack range removed and are compensated with higher damage values and lower costs, among other changes::
Destroyers:
The attack range was removed
The research, building and upkeep costs were reduced
The damage against submarines was increased.
The view range was increased from 50 to 70.
Submarines:
The research, building and upkeep costs were increased
The hit points of Submarines were decreased.
Cruisers:
The damage against submarines was decreased.
These changes only affect newly created game rounds. Games created before this update and “Classic” game rounds are not affected by this change.
The inactivity timers in events were streamlined to make it easier for you to know after what amount of time the AI is taking over your reign in case you are not available to rule your nation.
The inactivity timer is now 2 real life days in all events except in high speed events with 6x or 10x the speed of normal game rounds.
The inactivity timer for events with 6x or 10x the speed of normal game rounds is 1 real life day now.
The index of nations/coalitions and the ranking table in the newspaper, including the info how many Victory Points are needed to win the game round were removed for Dominion maps, as these maps do not require Victory Points to win the game.
Call of War can now be played in landscape mode on tablets.
Since the army bar and province bar are now displayed at the bottom of the screen on mobile, notifications were moved to the top of the screen and can be closed now to avoid overlap.
A bug was fixed that prevented the Game End timer to be displayed at the end of a game round on mobile devices.
An issue was resolved that caused the login notification “you have 1 new front report" to be displayed although the player was already logged in and the reported notification was displayed on the screen. The login notification is not displayed anymore when the player is logged in and received the notification itself.
A bug was fixed on mobile devices that prevented the scrolling function in the stock market from working when scrolling the market and switching resource tabs.
An issue on mobile devices was resolved that caused an empty space to be displayed between the coalition flag and the country flag in the army bar, which caused the info button to be hidden.
An issue was resolved that could cause units to be displayed in front of resource icons, but behind other labels on the map. Resource icons are now displayed in front of units, like the other labels on the map.
We added translations for several tooltips that were displayed in English language for some languages.
A bug has been fixed that caused the option of using arrow keys to cycle between provinces and armies to not work as intended.
We hope you like the new Call of War Wiki, the dynamic country names on…
New alternative to Canvas - Release Notes
Arcorian Dec 1st 2020, 3:43pm +1
Today we introduce the new “Low Graphics Mode” in Call of War. This new mode is designed to help player’s that experience performance issues when playing on older mobile devices and as a replacement for “Canvas”. “Canvas” is the old graphic mode that is not the standard advanced graphic mode with advanced rendering. The new “Low Graphics Mode” not only reduces performance requirements, which is handy for mobile users on the go, but also allows traditional Canvas players to switch over to the superior webgl version of Call of War while still enjoying more simplified graphics. The new “Low Graphics Mode” can be found in the account settings on Mobile and Desktop.
The Advisor which appears straight after a new player starts the tutorial is getting a new modern design with improved usability, additional new tasks and rewards. This will improve the introduction of new players to the game and explain more aspects of the game. Existing players will be able to complete the new tasks as well, so you do not miss out on any reward.
We also improved the tablet version of the game by changing the way interfaces are displayed and by offering the ability to play in horizontal position. If you like playing the mobile version on a bigger screen we highly recommend you check it out!
For a complete overview of today’s release please check the list below:
Damage values of early level Mechanized Infantry units were slightly decreased to bring them more in line with other units unlocked on the same days.
Manpower costs of Mechanized Infantry units were slightly increased to bring manpower requirements more in line with other Infantry units.
Damage values of Light Tanks against light armor units were slightly increased for later levels to make them more viable in mid game.
These changes only affect new game rounds. Game rounds created before today's release and “Classic” game rounds are not affected by these changes.
The Low Graphics Mode was implemented for desktop and mobile players.
The graphics mode can be activated and deactivated in the account settings.
Certain low end devices will automatically be put into low graphics mode. Unfortunately, those devices will not be able to switch back to the regular mode right now.This might change with a later update.
A new advisor Layout was implemented on desktop and mobile, including a lot of new tasks rewarding new players for staying active
Newly added tasks will also be visible to all existing players, allowing all players to complete these tasks and receive the rewards as well.
The filters in the newspaper were reworked to reflect recently made changes to the game.
The economics filter was removed from the newspaper in game rounds where buildings are only visible to players when revealed by units or spy actions.
The “enemies & allies” filter was split in two separate filters: One filter for Enemies and one filter for Allies.
An issue was resolved that caused the number of coalitions created on mobile to be displayed incorrectly in the army bar on desktop.
We fixed a bug on the 1939 Blitzkrieg map that caused Damascus being the capital of France at the start of the game. Paris is now the capital of France on this map again.
We fixed multiple connection and name issues on several other maps as well.
An issue was resolved that caused the movement lines of units to be displayed too bold on the map.
We fixed a bug that prevented several forum features (incl. Language selection) from working when entering the forums via Steam. All forum features are working as intended now when entering the forum playing via Steam.
An issue was resolved that could cause the popup that appears after confirming a gold transaction to be misplaced when a player tried to construct buildings with gold due to a lack of resources.
We resolved an issue that could cause an error message to be displayed for some players when they were trying to enter a map.
We hope you like the new advisor and the Low Graphics Mode, and that these new features help your efforts on the battlefield!
EPIC CoW moments!
1 Reply, 21 Views, An hour ago
What do mods see behind the scenes?
2 Replies, 31 Views, 3 hours ago
In game chat moderation
9 Replies, 65 Views, 11 hours ago
Italy- 1939 - Historic World War - a Day by Day report
69 Replies, 2,233 Views, A week ago
Badly described game
GrandEmpire - Jan 20th 2021, 1:29am
RBoi200 - Jan 20th 2021, 12:39am
DO DEV REALLY LISTEN TO OUR SUGGESTION AND CRITISM ??!!! I DOUBT THAT THEY EVEN READ!
Tribunate - Jan 20th 2021, 12:06am
whowh - Jan 19th 2021, 11:41pm
100 player map
Alliance Challenge
Paratroopers
Suggestions / Criticism
suggestions/critisism
update suggestion
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Fallout 76 militia gets suspended by Facebook — again
By adminPosted January 13, 2021
A group of die-hard Fallout 76 fans logged on one day to find that their usual stomping grounds had been suspended from Facebook — again. It’s crucial that communities built around online games have a place to gather, organize, and coordinate outside of the game itself, but the Free States Militia is finding that’s harder than they ever could have realized.
The Free States Militia is a popular and sociable group in Fallout 76, whose members take part in the game’s grand role-play wars and social events. They’ve been removed from Facebook twice by the platform’s moderation system. Without adequate communication from Facebook, the Free States players have assumed that their recent suspension is tied to the insurrection at the U.S. Capitol on Jan. 6. Facebook did not respond to a request for comment.
The Free States are an actual faction in Fallout 76. After the nuclear war and fall of American civilization, the Free States banded together to keep an independent presence in Appalachia, free of the tyranny of factions like the Enclave or the Brotherhood of Steel.
The Big Boss of the Free States council, who plays under the handle Non_Serviam79, spoke to Polygon over DMs about the unique problem the group faces.
Non_Serviam79, whose real name is Bobby, chose to stay on Facebook after the first moderation issue in October of 2020. “Facebook is unfortunately the easiest platform to reach thousands of people at once, and we will no longer have that asset,” he notes. The Free States Militia was in the middle of a big give-away with other role-play groups, and now they have no way to promote that.
Their Twitter page, by comparison, has just over 440 followers. “We will be moving to Discord, and our team is designing it as we speak,” says Bobby. While Discord is an excellent chat client, it lacks promotional and networking features that role-play groups have come to rely on with Facebook.
The Free States Council meet in a secret bunker deep within the Mire to finalize plans to #WalkAway from @Facebook over their censorship and banning process.
We are all old enough to chose for ourselves how we speak and what words we use. We will not be intimidated! pic.twitter.com/3baIHnkA8r
— FSM Playstation Video Game Club (@Free_StatesMil) January 12, 2021
The Free States Militia has not been given a full explanation for the suspension, nor have they been able to speak to a human being at Facebook about it. Bobby provided a screenshot of the shutdown, which reads: “You can’t comment until Feb 7. You have posted things that don’t follow our Community Standards more than once.”
Facebook has policies against “violence and criminal behavior,” which includes incitement, discussions of public harm, and “organizations or individuals that proclaim a violent mission or are engaged in violence.” Bobby denies that the Free States Militia violated these policies.
“The Facebook page is 100% Fallout related,” says Bobby. “I’d say 90% of the page is lore. We write our stories in line with 76’s Free States Militia faction. 5% is group events, and 5% are in-game photos. [We write] about our individual characters and their adventures in the wasteland.”
The Free States Militia has tried to keep things friendly for Facebook. “At first we figured the word ‘militia’ was the issue,” Bobby says. The group tried scrambling the word with special characters, with combinations like m![[!+!@. The group also used a shorter phrase: just Free States. On Twitter, they identify themselves as the FSM Playstation Video Game Club. But that didn’t protect them from Facebook’s algorithm. It’s been a frustrating hurdle for gamers just trying to have fun.
“Adult games have adult themes. There will be bleed over from reality into fiction as a result,” says Bobby. “Banning words such as ‘gun,’ ‘acid,’ or ‘militia’ only serves to make people feel as though they are helping. But in reality, they are only making things worse.”
An elderly dating game that’s all about sexual freedom
Star Wars Jedi: Fallen Order next-gen update improves frame rates, resolution
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Netflix’s Christmas Chronicles 2 abandons the promise of a badass, sexy action-Santa
By adminPosted November 25, 2020
In the countless Christmas movies that run on cable on repeat every year, we’ve seen all different kinds of Santa Clauses. There’s the jovially inept Santa of The Santa Clause, and the “You’ll shoot your eye out!” mean Santa of A Christmas Story. There’s the real-or-not? wise Santa of Miracle on 34th Street, and the bad Santa of, um, you know, Bad Santa. What made Netflix’s original 2018 movie The Christmas Chronicles different is that it reimagined Santa as an action-movie badass. And not just any badass, either: Kurt freakin’ Russell, the bicep-flexing hero of Escape from New York and Tango and Cash.
Russell’s Kris Kringle in Christmas Chronicles is as lovable and omnipotent as any Father Christmas should be, but he also isn’t afraid to get into a car chase with the cops in downtown Chicago, or pilot a sled that goes so damn fast, it has wings on it like a mini airplane. So why doesn’t The Christmas Chronicles 2 have more of that? 2020’s inevitable follow-up, now streaming on Netflix, has badass Santa… singing and dancing in an airport terminal, along with disgruntled holiday travelers. It’s the equivalent of turning on Die Hard, and finding that it’s been swapped for the Bing Crosby classic White Christmas. The sequel has traded in cool for cute, and just like that, it’s become indistinguishable from every other entry in the holiday-movie glut.
Like the first outing, this film also centers around teenager Kate (Darby Camp), but instead of mourning her dead father (why does every modern Christmas movie have a dead parent?), she’s mourning that she and her family are spending the holiday at an all-inclusive Mexican resort with her mother (Kimberly Williams-Paisley), her mom’s new boyfriend Bob (Tyrese Gibson), and Bob’s son Jack (Jahzir Bruno). While trying to get back home to Massachusetts, Kate and stowaway Jack are kidnapped by an evil elf named Belsnickel (Deadpool 2’s Julian Dennison) who’s trying to get into the North Pole to ruin Christmas.
Photo: Joseph Lederer / Netflix
This shifts the action from the real world to Santa’s Village, which looks like an outlet mall in a second-tier ski-mountain community, where Santa not only makes airplanes and baby dolls, but also codes video games, calibrates Nerf guns, and — in a vignette so egregious, it must be product placement — has a whole Lego-sculpting chalet. With Kate and Jack at the antipodes, Mrs. Claus (Russell’s real-life partner Goldie Hawn) is central to the action, as is the fleet of pint-sized elves who help Santa deliver Christmas to millions of children every year.
The problems really start with the elves, CGI critters with big guts and weird hats, who speak their own language and proliferate like a bedbug infestation. They’re like the Ewoks, Scrappy-Doo, Jar Jar Binks, and the annoying trolls of both the Frozen and Trolls movies combined, as they putz about, falling all over themselves with cuteness as they go about their jobs. Once the kids are in the village, the Clauses then have to explain a complex mythology of how Christmas was created, where the elves come from, and how a magical star powers a force field around the North Pole that somehow protects Christmas.
This leads to a good 40 minutes of expository world-building that no one asked for. The great thing about Santa is that the mythology is already built in. He has the naughty and nice list, eats cookies and milk, has the eight flying reindeer, flies down the chimney, and laughs like a bowl full of jelly. We don’t need a complicated backstory like it’s the first few minutes of Transformers 19: The Quest to Buy Michael Bay a Private Island.
The ultimate problem is, even with all this explanation, there are still so many questions. The elves and the Clauses communicate in a fake Germanic elven language written specifically for the film. Except when they don’t. Sometimes Mrs. Claus addresses the elves in English, which they understand. So then why is the film bothering with Elven and subtitles, something younger viewers might have a hard time keeping up with? And why does no one explain why Belsnickle only speaks in English, and also has a New Zealand accent? If you’re going to build a world, build a world. Instead, writer Matt Lieberman (back from the first go-round) builds a lean-to in the half-abandoned wilderness.
When Christmas Chronicles 2 finally gets to the action — which is complicated by a plot so serpentine, even the Crocodile Hunter wouldn’t touch it — it’s as exciting and well-shot as the first time around. But that time the mission was as clear as it is in all Christmas movies: help Santa and save Christmas. Now, it’s totally unclear who Santa is chasing, what Kate actually needs to procure, or why they’re doing any of it.
Ostensibly, this sequel should have been a step up. Chris Columbus, the director of Home Alone and the writer of Gremlins, two of the greatest Christmas-not-Christmas movies of all time, signed on as director and co-writer. Instead of bringing the action, suspense, and humor of those movies, he’s saddled this with so much animation that you can practically see the green screens behind Russell and Hawn.
They’re a winning pair, with the kind of chemistry that only decades as one of Hollywood’s great couples could bring. But when Columbus finally gets Goldie and Kurt on screen together for the first time since Overboard, he should really deliver like a Barbie Dream House under the Christmas tree. Instead, he’s stuck with this expensive-looking contraption that no one asked for, and which will probably sit, unmolested, on a shelf for years to come.
Maybe the problems don’t all rest at Columbus’s feet, but he’s the big change between this installment and the previous one. Yes, any Christmas movie is going to have a huge heaping of cheese, which is fine and expected. The Christmas Chronicles served up the cheese along with a light, punchy good time that both kids and parents could enjoy, as we finally got to see a Santa with a whole lot of swag and even some sex appeal.
Russell’s Santa still has that swag, but it’s hard to be a badass when doing a production number in an airport, or fending off the cartoon slapstick of the animated elves. It’s cheese on top of cheese, smothered in fondue. Christmas doesn’t need to be cuter, and it certainly doesn’t need to be an extended cinematic universe. It’s sad that those things were allowed to take over a Christmas story with an action-movie gloss that was once much more entertaining, and certainly more original.
Christmas Chronicles 2 is streaming on Netflix now.
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We Can Be Heroes is the Spy Kids for the Avengers generation
By adminPosted December 27, 2020
We Can Be Heroes is a sequel to the 2005 cult kids movie The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl in 3-D, but it has more in common with family-focused action-packed narrative of Robert Rodriguez’s first all-ages adventure, Spy Kids.
Sharkboy and Lavagirl are back, but the premise, about kids taking over their parents’ legacy and stepping up to save them, reaches the emotional highs of when the Cortez family banded together to fight off thumb-shaped minions. Instead of a tight focus on one family, though, Rodriguez pulls together a big ensemble cast reminiscent of superhero team-ups like the Avengers, and an emotional message that evolves the sentiments of Spy Kids for the current generation.
[Ed. note: This review contains some spoilers for We Can Be Heroes]
Photo: Ryan Green/Netflix
Missy Moreno (YaYa Gosselin), daughter of superhero Marcus Moreno (Pedro Pascal), is a bit jaded with the crime-fighting life. Her father promised not to do any more heroics after her mother’s death, but when aliens arrived on Earth, he stepped in to help — and ultimately got kidnapped along with the other members of his Heroics team. So when the Heroics’ administrator Ms. Granada (Priyanka Chopra) corrals all the super-children in a secure government location, Missy embarks on a rescue mission for their parents. She doesn’t have any powers, but she manages to step up to lead the kids.
With 11 children wielding 11 different superpowers (well, 10 since Missy doesn’t actually have powers), as well as all the parents, We Can Be Heroes juggles a huge cast. But Rodriguez cracks his own “Avengers assemble” moment in one of the most seamless superhero introduction sequences imaginable. Missy enters the classroom of superpowered kids and meets each kid and their powers — immediately after, the kids all watch their parents fight the alien invasion on television. Each time a parent gets captured, Rodriguez shows us their kid reacting, reminding us of who is who and also giving a small reminder of what their powers are. We get a good sense of their personality, of their relationship to their parents, and the end of that scene immediately catapults the plot into action as the kids plot to break out and save their parents. It introduces and solidifies the characters, but continues to push the plot along. The movie rarely stagnates and Rodriguez effectively uses every moment to build up to the climax.
The kids’ superpowers are also brightly imaginative and fun. The most traditional one is Noodles, a kid with elasticity powers, but Rodriguez dreams up kids who can fast forward and rewind time, sing so low as to be able to move objects, and manipulate water while also possessing shark strength. (The guy loves shark powers.) A tricky part of kids-with-superpowers movies relies on balancing the cast and their powers, especially when some are overwhelmingly more useful than others. We Can Be Heroes elevates each kid, giving them distinct personalities, which is all the more impressive considering its expansive cast. All of the kids get a special moment to shine in the final battle, which takes place in an alien spaceship that looks like something out of a children’s coloring book.
Like Rodriguez’s other kids movies, We Can Be Heroes is a visual delight. It’s bright, bold, and visually feels more like a comic book than any modern superhero movie. The Heroics HQ has a big ol’ “H” blazing on it and their agents’ badges come with similarly styled letters. All the adult superheroes wear garish, bright costumes (something lampshaded by the kids, who remark that the colorful costumes made them easy targets for the aliens). The alien spaceship glows bright purple and channels the same fun, yet sinister vibes of Floop’s castle in Spy Kids years ago. The action sequences take full advantage of the kids’ funky powers — as well as the many tentacled aliens and eventually some pencil-drawn creatures come to life. In that regard, they take after Sharkboy and Lavagirl’s zany punches. It’s fun and dynamic to watch.
Image: Netflix
And true to Rodriguez’s past movies, the heart of We Can Be Heroes comes from parent-child relationships. The large cast leaves little space in which to build up specific connections between the kids and between their parents, but the main thread between Missy and her father is strong enough to carry the movie through. The other parent-kid pairs buttress that emotional crux, even if they are a bit one-dimensional themselves. And a beautiful twist ending packs a heartwarming punch.
We Can Be Heroes is a rarity: A kids movie actually made for kids, bringing what was special about Spy Kids to a new generation, and a complete delight on its own. Rodriguez taps into more specific themes of childhood and parenthood, while creating a movie where the young cast gets to do as cool of stuff as the famous adults. It’s also a reminder that, while being a kid is fun, it’s also important.
We Can Be Heroes is out on Netflix today.
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