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The crew of a 20-metre longliner vessel called for help after finding themselves in a tricky situation on Saturday morning. At 6.45am, on May 9, Bermagui surf lifesavers were called to help the South Seas longliner which had run aground between Narooma and Bermagui. Using their inflatable rescue boat (IRB), lifesavers were able to set up a towline between the stricken vessel and a large Sydney-based trawler further out. Bermagui Surf Club captain Andrew Curven said the rising tide allowed for a good window of opportunity. "It was good timing, they had two hours of rising tide left and it was on a steep beach." Mr Curven said. "They were fairly lucky, as there was only a little shore dump, apart from that, conditions were fairly calm." NSW Martime Narooma and Marine Rescue Bermagui were at the scene on standby. Mr Curven said it was "too shallow for bigger boats" to get close enough to set the towline, making the IRB perfect for the job. Eden Water Police coordinated the rescue. Sergeant Stephen Judd said the skipper of the stricken boat had organised a trawler, called the Immacolata, to assist in the towing and salvage. Mr Judd said other emergency services were on standby "in case people on board had to bail". He said the longliner was in good condition aside from damage done to its steering. "It was a well kept and maintained longliner operating out of Bermagui," he said. "It all happened at the right time and the right place. There was no debris or damage to the environment in the operation." READ MORE: Water police rescue stricken yacht at Eden Once towed out a distance, the South Seas vessel was able start its engine and was towed to Ulladulla. "Everyone on board was safe and well with no injuries," Mr Judd said. The cause of the vessel to run aground was unknown as it is under investigation by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority as well as Transport for NSW. The skipper of the vessel thanked lifesavers on Facebook: "Thankyou very much to the Bermagui Surf Lifesaving Club, especially Andrew (Curven), Vikki (Marshall) and Andrew (McCaughtrie). You guys did an unbelievable job early this morning and played a major part in the rescue of my crew and vessel South Seas. I can't thank you guys enough!"
/images/transform/v1/crop/frm/39FjqB3SNxYNGBFLWEMKh7h/3daa6c68-da3d-4576-ba23-9dda9ed04738.jpg/r0_37_720_444_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
May 12 2020 - 10:39AM
Lifesavers rescue longliner stuck on South Coast beach
Claudia Ferguson
A longliner vessel stuck on the beach between the Wallaga Lake entrance and the Tilba Cemetery. Picture: Alison Kuiter.
The crew of a 20-metre longliner vessel called for help after finding themselves in a tricky situation on Saturday morning.
At 6.45am, on May 9, Bermagui surf lifesavers were called to help the South Seas longliner which had run aground between Narooma and Bermagui.
Using their inflatable rescue boat (IRB), lifesavers were able to set up a towline between the stricken vessel and a large Sydney-based trawler further out.
Bermagui Surf Club captain Andrew Curven said the rising tide allowed for a good window of opportunity.
"It was good timing, they had two hours of rising tide left and it was on a steep beach." Mr Curven said.
Pictures: Alison Kuiter
"They were fairly lucky, as there was only a little shore dump, apart from that, conditions were fairly calm."
NSW Martime Narooma and Marine Rescue Bermagui were at the scene on standby.
Mr Curven said it was "too shallow for bigger boats" to get close enough to set the towline, making the IRB perfect for the job.
Eden Water Police coordinated the rescue.
Sergeant Stephen Judd said the skipper of the stricken boat had organised a trawler, called the Immacolata, to assist in the towing and salvage.
Mr Judd said other emergency services were on standby "in case people on board had to bail".
He said the longliner was in good condition aside from damage done to its steering.
"It was a well kept and maintained longliner operating out of Bermagui," he said.
"It all happened at the right time and the right place. There was no debris or damage to the environment in the operation."
READ MORE: Water police rescue stricken yacht at Eden
Once towed out a distance, the South Seas vessel was able start its engine and was towed to Ulladulla.
"Everyone on board was safe and well with no injuries," Mr Judd said.
The cause of the vessel to run aground was unknown as it is under investigation by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority as well as Transport for NSW.
The skipper of the vessel thanked lifesavers on Facebook: "Thankyou very much to the Bermagui Surf Lifesaving Club, especially Andrew (Curven), Vikki (Marshall) and Andrew (McCaughtrie). You guys did an unbelievable job early this morning and played a major part in the rescue of my crew and vessel South Seas. I can't thank you guys enough!"
This story Lifesavers rescue longliner stuck on South Coast beach first appeared on Narooma News.
Discuss "Lifesavers rescue longliner stuck on South Coast beach"
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Hannity shares world view with Trump, and lawyer, too
NEW YORK (AP) — Sean Hannity shares a world view with President Donald Trump and on Monday it was revealed, with some reluctance, that he shares a lawyer, too. The Fox News Channel prime-time host is Trump's most vocal defender on television, and a week ago he was on the air criticizing the FBI raid on the president's personal attorney Michael Cohen as evidence that Special Counsel Robert Mueller's "witch hunt" against the president has become a runaway train. After it was revealed in a court hearing Monday that Cohen represented Hannity, Fox News did not say whether it knew that ahead of time, or whether Hannity had any ethical obligation to reveal that relationship to viewers.
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Hanging On: Last Call (2020)-Reviewed
Fair or not, there's a tendency among a not insignificant portion of the film community to label one-take films as a "gimmick." Even when there's a clear reason behind it, many people become hung up on the director wanting to "show off." I've always found that line of thinking silly at best but I won't lie and say that I haven't found myself drifting into that territory. A film is more than its perceived "gimmicks" though and I think we, as viewers, owe every piece of a film more than write-off like that. Especially when one as riveting as Last Call comes along.
Shot in two true one takes and presented in split screen, Gavin Michael Booth's Last Call takes place, in real time, over one phone call that will change the lives of the people on each end. Scott (Daved Wilkins, also co-writer with Booth) gets home from the bar, already very drunk. He plops down on the couch, tries to call someone who doesn't answer and eventually calls a number that he thinks is a suicide help line. Running concurrently to this, we see Beth (Sarah Booth) getting into work. A student moonlighting as a janitor at her college, she's fretting about her eldest son who still hasn't reported home to the babysitter. In between increasingly frantic calls back and forth to the sitter, she ends up being on the receiving end of Scott's call. Over the next hour, the two will have one of the most devastating onscreen experiences you'll see this year.
My initial skepticism due to both the aforementioned unfair bias to "gimmicks" and the fact that this is releasing during Suicide Awareness Month was almost immediately dispelled. There's a world in which this plays like an hour-long, condescending commercial for the "You are not alone" set. Like many people, I suffer from depression and there's an inherent fear going into to a film like Last Call. Your defenses are up because you don't want to be preached to and you definitely don't want some saccharine, heavy-handed message. Thankfully, Last Call is none of that but instead, a brutal 75 minutes of searing honesty and heartbreaking reality.
Booth's direction and script are two important keys to getting something like this to work. My brain is geared pretty heavily toward dialogue heavy movies, I love nothing more than watching people sit around and talk for 90 minutes. But the work has to be put in to make it compelling and the script is more than up to it. Never descending into platitudes about suicide or depression, the conversation moves along so honestly, it's genuinely hard to watch at times. Getting to the core of that honesty is the depiction of Scott, both in Wilkins' performance and in how he's written. There's a side to mental illness that's hard to acknowledge, especially to yourself. Depression colors perspective and that lack of perspective can cause you to be, for lack of a nicer term, an asshole. Scott is tremendously heartbreaking not just because of his circumstances but because his trauma has forced him into a shell of a person. Being so far into the throes of depression, Scott vacillates between friendly curiosity about Beth and outbursts of rage. It's a brutal portrayal and gets vitally close to what that it feels like when you just need someone to talk to and anyone will do. Beth is, quite literally, his life line and in our worst moments we often throw those life lines away. It’s a bold but realistic choice to make Scott hard to root for so to speak.
Scott's is the showier role and while not an easy one to pull off, I think it requires a bit less than what's asked of Sarah Booth as Beth. This is where the film truly soars, Sarah Booth's staggering performance as the person unwittingly thrown into what may be the last moments of someone's life. It's never an easy ask to be on the receiving end of a "going through the wringer" performance but Booth is unbelievable in how much she connects with both her character and Wilkins'. Her flustered annoyance at having answered a wrong number call turning to stone cold terror at the realization of what Scott is calling for brought me to tears. From there, she's a force, doing everything she can to keep Scott on the phone.
Running around the campus, desperately trying to get information out of him or find it through the computer, she anchors the film and helps lift it past just "good." She frequently makes you forget about all the camera trickery, becoming one with cinematographer Seth Wessell-Estes' camera. As she bounces around the campus, increasingly frantic, it glides with her in a dance of a performance, the two as partners. Booth is so empathetic, her face processing 1000 different emotions. It's a stunner of a performance and completely blew me away. Last Call works as a tightly written thriller of sorts because she forces you to care.
It doesn’t all work, the score is oppressively tinkly and sad and even at a tight 75 minutes, it feels bloated. But those are relatively small gripes about a very strong version of the kind of indie film that usually ends in disaster. Grounded in intense realism and offering no easy answers, Last Call transcends what could have been a misstep. The fact that it isn’t is a small miracle, thanks to a thoughtful script, smart and kinetic filmmaking and a knockout performance from Sarah Booth. It’s an exceptionally tough film to watch in a moment where windows for hope are becoming increasingly small but if you can weather that, it’s one of the more compelling journeys you’ll take this year.
-Brandon Streussnig
Last Call is available through select Virtual Theaters starting Friday, September 18th
Tags: brandon streussnig, Indie, last call, movie sleuth, new releases, reviewed, spoiler free, suicide awareness month at 9/17/2020
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Arrow Video: ivansxtc (2000) - Reviewed
Bernard Rose and Lisa Enos’ ivansxtc, the director/writer-producer’s searing transposition of Leo Tolstoy’s The Death of Ivan Ilyich into a contemporary hedonistic Hollywood setting, remains one of the greatest films of the 2000s no one has ever seen outside of select film screenings or importing shoddy DVD transfers from the UK. Thanks to the good folks at Arrow Video with generous participation from the filmmakers, audiences in the United States can finally see the film critics raved about but no one could see.
Starring Danny Huston as Ivan Beckman, a hotshot film agent working in Hollywood, ivansxtc is a painfully tragic tale of one man’s slow journey towards death after a cancer diagnosis and the subsequent substance abuse and sexual addled excesses experienced by Ivan on the way there. Co-starring Lisa Enos as Ivan’s girlfriend and Peter Weller as a cocaine addicted movie star, the film is told almost entirely in flashback chronicling Ivan’s downward spiral as he comes to grips with his fading mortality in a world where people become commodities in service to the unholy altar of Tinseltown.
Far more savage than Mulholland Drive and more piercing than Maps to the Stars, Candyman director Rose and producer Enos have fashioned a beautiful, haunting film which is equal parts enlightening and draining to watch. Featuring a gifted and unforgettable performance by Danny Huston as the tormented Ivan, ivansxtc winds up being one of the most indelible takes on Tolstoy as well as a deeply personal project for Enos.
For years the film was almost completely unavailable in the United States due to comments made by the director concerning the very real death of CAA agent Jay Maloney in an effort to drum up notoriety. Something of a cursed film with various unexpected problems plaguing the film for almost twenty years, ivansxtc faced an uphill battle from day one.
Predating the technological innovation employed by Ang Lee’s Billy Lynn’s Long Halftime Walk and Gemini Man, the film was shot at 60i frames per second on a Sony HDW-700A HD video digital camera. When transferred to 35mm for 24 frames per second theatrical projection, the finished image looked something like a smeary Dogme 95 film with print damage further soiling the film’s brilliant camerawork lensed by Ron Forsthye and Bernard Rose himself.
Thanks to the generous contribution of Lisa Enos, however, now the film can be seen on the Arrow Video blu-ray disc in both the theatrical 24fps version, the native 60i version and also includes a new extended producer’s cut prepared by Enos at 60i. The new results marking among the very first Arrow Video releases to include a 60 frames per second version of the film are a revelation, bringing you closer than before into the hemisphere of Ivan’s tortured journey into oblivion. That no one was able to see the film this way until now is indeed a shame and those who did manage to see the film somehow someway before this new release are in for quite a surprise.
A difficult, somber masterpiece with arguably the darkest look at the Hollywood machine since The Day of the Locust, ivansxtc is a labor of love whose results won’t be to all tastes but for adventurous cinephiles remains one of the greatest films ever made you’ve neither heard of or seen until now. Hard and heavy, the film is at once a personal emotional expression as well as a new take on Tolstoy you’ve never thought of before. One of the most important home video releases of 2020 easily!
--Andrew Kotwicki
Tags: andrew kotwicki, arrow video, bernard rose, danny huston, drama, film, films, free, hollywood, ivansxtc, leo tolstoy, lisa enos, movie, peter weller, review, reviewed, reviews, sleuth, spoiler at 10/07/2020
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LOCATION | New York, USA
STATUS | RFP
SERVICE | Urban Design
ROLE | Landscape Designer
TEAM | Studio Rede with LEFT Architects, MIIM Design and Metaamo Studio
CLIENT | Van Alan Institute
The Grove is conceived as a dynamic, community-focused process that introduces growth, change and shifting identities through a elevated bamboo forest into the heart of New York City - through both a permanent intervention and constant change. Our proposal creates a symbolic entrance - a circular point of focus, a gateway that is inclusive in motion, representing a cyclical forest of life that emulates the growth, change and shifting identities of Chinatown and the other celebrated neighborhoods. Our design proposal offers various ways for the community to participate in the celebration of life through the varied exchanges between the plaza and the adjacent business owners and lifelong residences. The interface, an interactive, programmable band on the periphery of the structure, would house the functions of the existing kiosk (an info booth, signage, maps and interactive displays), takes on a new function of being programmable surface for the community and surrounding institutions to engage the public with – allowing new ways for both locals and visitors to experience the district. The introduction of the forest is almost an act of anti-architecture and of creative contrast. The Grove is conceived as a dynamic, community-focused process that introduces growth, change and shifting identities through a bamboo forest into the heart of New York City. However, given the fact that air pollution is an invisible killer to almost 7 million premature deaths each year, we seek a design solution that would not only create a much-needed air-purifying solution but also an urban space that would transform the heat-absorbing asphalt and concrete surfaces into an oasis. The use of bamboo as the primary building material helps to evoke Chinese heritage and processes of change over time, while inherently being something that can be understood and appreciated by all people — because, after all, Nature is universal.
© 2019. Julia Watson Studio
63 South Oxford Street, GF
info@juliawatson.com
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30th Edition of ‘Poemandu’ to mark ‘World Poetry Day’
March 20, 2016, 5:45 p.m. Published in Magazine Issue: Vol 09, No 17, March 18,2016 (Chaitra 5,2072)
To mark ‘World Poetry Day’, B.P. Koirala India-Nepal Foundation organized its 30th edition of ‘Poemandu’ on Sunday, 20th March 2016 at Nepal Bharat Library,
The Chief Guest of the program was Prof Tulasi Diwas who released the book “Maun Akathya” written by Shiva Kumar Mishra. Tulasi Diwas, the chief guest, shared the importance of poem in today’s world and also expressed that poems act as a bridge to connect people from different languages and culture.
Ms. Ruby Jaspreet Sharma, Secretary of B. P. Koirala India-Nepal Foundation, welcomed everybody at the program. The idea of starting a poetry club for Nepalese poets was mooted at the program.
The program was attended by various literary figures, poets and general audience. The program saw recital of poetry in various languages by renowned Nepalese poets. Poems were recited in Hindi, Nepali, Maithli, Bhojpuri and Urdu languages.
UN Agencies In Asia-Pacific To announce Widening Impact Of Unaffordable Diets By NEW SPOTLIGHT ONLINE 4 days, 9 hours ago
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Minneapolis residents made impassioned and often conflicting pleas Wednesday night for changes to the Police Department and public safety following George Floyd’s death and an increase in violent crime.
Just like the elected leaders who represent them, the people who spoke during an especially long public hearing were divided. Some begged elected officials not to cut police staffing, while others urged them to trim the department and fund other services instead.
The 2021 budget, which city leaders will approve next week, has drawn immense public scrutiny and will provide the next major test of the city’s appetite for changing policing and public safety following Floyd’s death.
More than 400 people signed up to dial into the livestreamed meeting, a showing unlike any other in recent city memory. Residents were still speaking late into the night.
Some said their homes had been pierced by gunfire. More than 500 people have been killed or wounded by gunshots this year, according to police statistics. Others said carjackings and robberies have prompted them to rethink daily routines like grocery shopping and walking the dog.
“I have just never felt so unsafe recently. This isn’t the Minneapolis I know,” said Brent Johnson, of Whittier, who attributed some of the violence to discussions about defunding the Police Department.
Others said the department, which has in the past disproportionately used force on Black residents, made them fear for their safety. They said they worry about being killed, shot or harassed by police.
“I don’t feel safe, so who’s more important?” asked Vineetha Adams. “Clearly, white people walking their dogs is more important than Black people feeling safe and colored people feeling safe and Indigenous people feeling honored for a country that was stolen from them. It does not make any sense, and it is disheartening and is frustrating.”
Daniel Mendez, meanwhile, rejected the notion that calling police comes from a place of privilege and argued that conversations about defunding police had disproportionately harmed people of color.
“I live in fear for my own children being targeted for looking white. They are half white, half Mexican, which makes this whole racial issue a joke,” said Mendez, who identified as Mexican American.
Other speakers said they worried that people were falsely equating a larger police force with a guarantee that the city could ensure their safety. Some of them noted the current department hasn’t been able to prevent the uptick in violent crime.
“If we keep using the same broken strategy, we will get the same results: dead citizens and a city righteously burned to the ground,” said Max Friedman, who said he lives near the former Third Precinct site.
Former Minneapolis Mayor Sharon Sayles Belton also spoke, urging City Council members to cooperate with the mayor, and to do more methodical reviews before implementing new proposals.
“When it comes to public safety we cannot be a city divided,” she said.
The large turnout was in part a reflection of increased community activism following Floyd’s death and an especially violent summer.
Black Visions and Reclaim the Block are encouraging council members to fulfill a promise nine of them made to “begin the process of ending the Minneapolis Police Department” following Floyd’s death.
They want city leaders to reduce the department’s budget and instead boost funding for mental health crisis workers, violence prevention, housing and other causes. They have persuaded dozens of other groups in the city to advocate for those changes as well, calling the proposal “The People’s Budget.”
Meanwhile, other groups are trying to persuade city leaders to maintain or increase funding for the police department while reforming it. Some of that builds off a grassroots effort, Operation Safety Now, which asked elected leaders to provide a clearer plan for approaching public safety and to treat it like an emergency.
Some residents and activists on the city’s North Side have also filed a lawsuit questioning whether the city was maintaining enough police officers.
Police staffing and funding are expected to be key points of discussion as city leaders wrap up budget negotiations.
Mayor Jacob Frey made his pitch earlier this fall for a roughly $1.5 billion budget for 2021 that includes some increases for violence prevention and housing.
It includes $179 million for the Police Department, an amount that would allow for three additional recruit classes to help amid an officer shortage.
Council members will get a chance to propose their budget amendments Thursday, and the process could extend into Friday.
Already, three council members — President Lisa Bender and public safety committee leaders Phillipe Cunningham and Steve Fletcher — have previewed their own proposal.
That would seek to cut nearly $8 million from the department and use that money to fund violence prevention, a mental health crisis team, a more robust civilian oversight effort, and efforts to have other city departments process property damage and parking violation reports.
Both plans would approve three additional recruit classes — leaving the city with a monthly average of 770 working officers in 2021.
The two plans have very different implications for future years, though. Frey’s proposal would seek to keep 888, the original number of officers authorized for this year, listed as the “target level.” That would make it easier to continue hiring in future years.
The three council members have said they hope to reduce the authorized force size to 750 in coming years.
The Police Department had 874 officers at the beginning of the year, though it was authorized for 888.
As of early November, it had 834, with 121 on leave.
While the current debate is technically over funding for 2021, it will have implications for future years as well. Under Minneapolis’ financial policies, the city uses the prior year’s funding levels as a starting point for any new budget.
The city’s budgeting process became a focal point for police and public safety changes after a council-led effort to replace the police department stalled in the city’s Charter Commission earlier this year.
That plan, if ultimately approved by voters, would have allowed the city to replace the department with a wider community safety department, in which police would theoretically be optional. That required a change to the city’s charter, which requires a minimum police force based on the city’s population.
The Charter Commission earlier Wednesday signed off on a report rejecting that proposal. Commissioners argued, among other things, that it required more public input, wasn’t clear enough, might be inconsistent with state law and wasn’t necessary to accomplishing the goal of reimagining public safety.
Liz Navratil covers Minneapolis City Hall for the Star Tribune. She previously worked in Pennsylvania, where she covered state government and crime — and sometimes both at once. She's part of the team that won a 2019 Pulitzer Prize for Breaking News Reporting.
liz.navratil@startribune.com 612-673-4994 liznavratil
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A deeper look at areas most damaged by rioting, looting in Minneapolis, St. Paul • Minneapolis
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Tanner Morgan learned a valuable lesson about patience vs. South Dakota State last week.
In the first quarter, the Gophers sophomore quarterback tried threading a pass to double-covered receiver Rashod Bateman. It was intercepted.
“I’ve just got to wait for the second window or move on,” Morgan said. “… I thought I could get it in right there with [the safety’s] shoulders turned, but he made a great play.”
Morgan, though, said Tuesday he’s learned from that mistake, as he and the Gophers prepare for Saturday night’s visit to Fresno State. Gophers coach P.J. Fleck, agreed, saying Morgan now knows he “can’t touch the stove.”
That oopsie happened early, but evaluating the rest of Morgan’s game shows one of his strongest suits: Responding well to adversity. Morgan completed 13 of 18 passes for 176 yards and one touchdown. Of those incompletions, two were drops and one was a throwaway. Fleck said Morgan had one missed post down the field when he had open receivers. But the coach can understand how Morgan’s eyes wandered because the protection broke down, forcing Morgan to scurry.
Fleck said he was impressed with Morgan’s game management, especially since this was his first time starting a season opener.
Aaron Lavinsky • aaron.lavinsky@startribune.com
Gophers quarterback Tanner Morgan passed for a first down in the second quarter of Thursday’s 28-21 victory over South Dakota State.
“He kept his composure. He was Tanner,” Fleck said. “… Made some big plays. Did a great job of getting out of the pocket when he needed to get out of the pocket, stepped up in the pocket when he needed to step up in the pocket. Made really accurate throws where guys could catch and run with it. Very decisive decisions.”
Morgan’s mobility was on full display in the fourth quarter, when he broke out on a 14-yard run. That made up the bulk of his 22 rushing yards on five attempts.
Fleck said no one would look at the 6-foot, 215-pound Morgan and think he’s a running quarterback. But he is a quarterback who can run, which is an important distinction. Morgan might only bring that skill out once or twice in a game, but the one he did against South Dakota State was “perfect,” according to his coach.
“When he runs, it’s an effective run,” Fleck said. “I don’t think you’re going to see a lot of big design runs, a quarterback power, quarterback counter, those types of things for him. But he’s effective enough. And he’s smart enough to be able to understand his reads and when he should pull it and when he should get it.”
Morgan said on his run, the Gophers checked to a new play after South Dakota State shifted its front. From there, it was just enacting something the team had practiced again and again in training camp.
“It’s something that we worked a lot in the offseason because we weren’t good enough at it last year of extending the ride and being able to keep those,” Morgan said. “And I felt like [the defender] was charging at Rodney [Smith, running back] so I kept it. Almost tripped and fell. I thought he was going to end up taking me. But no, it ended up being an open lane and got a first down.”
Another learning moment for Morgan, he said, was not letting the adrenaline drive him in those moments and making sure he gets down if he can’t make a move on his tackler.
The Gophers lacked a rushing dynamic to the QB position last year, but Morgan also added another facet to his game: Catching. He caught a two-point conversion trick play, when Smith took the snap and handed it off to receiver Tyler Johnson for the pass to Morgan in the end zone.
“He looked like all the receivers out there,” Bateman said after the game. “… It was fun to see him catch a touchdown pass.”
In all, Fleck assessed while Morgan didn’t play his best, he did play well. And for Week 1, that’s a start.
Megan Ryan is a sports reporter at the Star Tribune covering colleges.
megan.ryan@startribune.com theothermegryan
Mike Nuga had 23 points as Kent State narrowly defeated Buffalo 84-81 on Tuesday.
Despite modest playing ability, Toby Gardenhire tabbed by Twins to manage Class AAA
Toby Gardenhire, son of former AL Manager of the Year Ron Gardenhire, sounded excited, but also confident, as he was introduced Tuesday as the new manager of the Class AAA St. Paul Saints
No disrespect to Tom Brady, but young Tampa Bay linebacker Devin White wants the Buccaneers defense on the field with the game on the line.
Gophers realize less is more after shaky opener
Gophers made huge strides defensively in upsetting Michigan • Gophers
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Gophers climb six spots in AP men's basketball poll; Duke drops out • Gophers
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Obama demands TV stations stop airing 'despicable' anti-Biden ad from Pro-Trump PAC that misuses his words
Savannah BehrmannUSA TODAY
WASHINGTON – Former President Barack Obama demanded South Carolina television stations and a pro-Trump group stop airing a "despicable" ad that misuses his voice to attack his former Vice President Joe Biden.
"Joe Biden promised to help our community. It was a lie. Here's President Obama," the ad begins, then continues to play an audio passage from Obama's 1995 memoir, "Dreams from My Father," to allude that Biden supports "plantation politics" and describes how the black community had been wrongfully treated.
The ad simultaneously flashes headlines across the screen that knocked Biden's history on race, and concludes: "Enough. Joe Biden won't represent us, defend us, or help us. Don't believe Biden's empty promises."
PolitiFact found that the audio is Obama reading a quotation from a barber about Chicago's first black mayor, Harold Washington, where the man says, “Plantation politics. Black people in the worst jobs.The worst housing. Police brutality rampant. But when the so-called black committeemen came around election time, we’d all line up and vote the straight Democratic ticket. Sell our souls for a Christmas turkey.”
The ad comes from the Committee to Defend the President, and aired on local CBS affiliates in South Carolina before Tuesday night's Democratic debate in Charleston. Obama's office said his lawyers would be sending the PAC a cease-and-desist letter.
Obama spokeswoman Katie Hill told USA TODAY in a statement that, "[T]his despicable ad is straight out of the Republican disinformation playbook, and it’s clearly designed to suppress turnout among minority voters in South Carolina by taking President Obama’s voice out of context and twisting his words to mislead viewers."
"In the interest of truth in advertising, we are calling on TV stations to take this ad down and stop playing into the hands of bad actors who seek to sow division and confusion among the electorate,” the statement continues.
Biden, who struggled in early primary and caucus states, is looking to South Carolina for help. He is counting on his support within the African American community to help him win the state.
Hill said that though Obama has many "friends" competing for the Democratic nomination, including Biden, he is is not endorsing anyone in the primary, "because he believes that in order for Democrats to be successful this fall, voters must choose their nominee."
Biden campaign spokesperson Andrew Bates called the ad a "despicable torrent of misinformation" and said it shows that Trump "and his allies are absolutely terrified that Joe Biden will defeat him in November."
This is not the first time a pro-Trump PAC has used the sound bite. Great America Alliance used the same bite in 2017 to inveigle black voters away from Democrats, targeting Georgia’s 6th Congressional District’s special election, according to the Washington Post.
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Jefferson County Criminal Defense
Jefferson County is the self-proclaimed gateway to the rocky mountains. The cities within Jefferson County's limits include Golden, Lakewood, Evergreen, Arvada, Morrison, Conifer, Wheat Ridge and Edgewater. Jefferson County offers its 534,000 residents hiking and biking through majestic trails, museums ranging about everything from trains to gold, concerts at the world renowned Red Rocks Amphitheater and high end shopping. It is one of the premier places to live and vacation. The Jefferson County courthouse is located at 100 Jefferson County Parkway, Golden, CO and the clerk of the court can be reached via telephone at 303-271-6237.
Being investigated or charged with a crime is a stressful experience. Our clients often report the police did not listen to their side of the story and the charges are blown out of proportion. Individuals facing charges are scared and uncertain about the future. All cases are different and carry different penalties and consulting with an attorney allows you to understand exactly what you are facing and how to go about resolving the criminal case.
Steven Louth Law Offices has two attorneys, father son who exclusively dedicate their practice to criminal law. Jefferson County Criminal Defense Attorney Steven Louth began his career serving as a deputy district attorney for eight years in Boulder County. Mr. Louth left the DA's office to open his private practice and now has twenty-five years experience handling criminal cases. Zach Louth has worked at Steven Louth Law Offices in various capacities for over four years. He understands the Colorado laws inside and out and has successfully appealed cases to the Colorado Supreme Court. He frequently represents his clients facing criminal charges in Jefferson County. Experienced criminal defense lawyers have seen all types of cases with different legal issues, and understand how to go about dealing with these issues to help your case.
Mr. Louth has practiced in Jefferson County throughout his entire career. Mr. Louth has professional relationships with the judges, district attorneys, police officers and court personnel which helps him facilitate the resolution of a case. He is also familiar with the sentences each judge hands down which helps him make strong arguments for each client. If you may be in need of a Jefferson County Criminal Defense Attorney contact Steven Louth Law Offices for a free consultation.
Jefferson County Criminal Defense Attorneys Steven Louth and Zach Louth practice all areas of criminal law including:
Jefferson County DUI Defense
Jefferson County Assaults and Violent Crimes
Jefferson County Domestic Violence
Jefferson County Controlled Substances
Jefferson County Sex Assaults
Jefferson County Jury Trials
If you have been charged with a crime or police want to speak with you contact our Jefferson County Criminal Defense Lawyers for a free consultation. Our attorneys know the Jefferson County criminal justice system and will be more than happy to answer your initial questions during this free consultation.
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© 2020 Copyright Tauil & Chequer Advogados, a Brazilian law partnership with which Mayer Brown is associated. All rights reserved.
Latin Finance “Restructuring of the Year 2014”
The Lupatech deal has been awarded the Latin Finance “Restructuring Deal of the Year 2014”. Tauil & Chequer Advogados in association with Mayer Brown LLP had an outstanding role in the deal representing The Bank of New York Mellon (as trustee and agent for the perpetual bond). With a cross-border perpetual bond and much of its debt to a small group of bank creditors, including BNDES, the Brazilian development bank, Lupatech decided to file a recuperação extrajudicial to restructure its bond debt, while restructure its remaining financial debt through an out-of-court workout. Upon court confirmation of the prepackplan in Brazil and of the Chapter 15 proceeding in the US, Lupatech managed to restructure its bond debt. Prepack deals have been used occasionally in other parts of Latin America, but Lupatech is the first large case and the most relevant precedent in Brazil.
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Has Apple just opened up the world to mobile wallets?
By Mark Prior-Egerton 15 September 2014
Pay is way more than just a machine-to-machine transaction
Apple Pay - touch ID
On the 9th of September, Apple announced a series of products and services that will possibly change the way we pay for things forever. With ApplePay, Apple could be set to move mobile wallets into the mainstream, in much the same way the company's first iPhone ushered in a sea change in personal computing in 2007, proving to be the catalyst for smartphones and apps going mainstream.
Apple is far from the first to step into this arena; Google's offering has been available for some time in the US, while Amazon launched its wallet stateside in July. The industry sees mobile wallets as a key component in the future of payments but things haven't quite clicked yet for consumers.
But, what has made the likes of Google, Apple, Visa and PayPal push digital wallets with such fervour? For banks and the like, there is a clear practical advantage.
The cost of fulfilling credit and debit cards is not limited to the production of the card itself; it includes the management and distribution of cards, including maintaining dedicated customer helplines to activate or reorder lost, stolen or expired cards. Considering this, the fact that financial institutions are so keen on digital wallets as a cost-effective alternative is no surprise.
Check out our hands on review of the Apple Watch
Winner takes all?
In spite of this, consumers have yet to really embrace the technology. In the UK, for instance, very few digital wallets are available, with Starbuck's and EE providing customers with the option to "preload" funds for payments to their smartphones. That said, much has been made of the so-called 'Wallet Wars' and the fragmentation resulting from numerous merchants, banks and other players looking at bringing their products to market.
As is the case with your everyday physical wallet, the average person only wants one place for all their credit, debit and loyalty cards. This introduces the challenge of which cards take precedence. Every issuer wants their 'card' front and centre in the wallet, meaning that card issuers are looking to deploying their own wallets so as not to be marginalised by competitors.
Much of the success of digital wallets will come down to consumer choice. Until now, there hasn't been any real choice in the UK, although Paym is the big move by the banks into mobile payments it only operates on a person-to-person basis, like Barclays' Pingit app. Neither enables the customer to pay in store. Apple, however, has the infrastructure and relationships to make this a possibility.
Factor in that the company reports having over 800 million iTunes account holders and the capacity to make new technologies both desirable and user-friendly, ApplePay could be the first truly compelling digital wallet offering. It does no harm that it will come pre-loaded on the most desirable smart devices around too.
Check out everything businesses need to know about Apple Pay on our sister website, ITProPortal.com
The security question
With any payment solution there are also always consumer concerns around security. This has been true of ApplePay with a lot of the early analysis focusing on the issue. In fact, a customer survey from just before Apple's launch found that while 80% of US consumers were aware of digital wallets, concerns around security have been the main barrier to adoption. Interestingly, we have seen that device security itself is not people's biggest worry; the primary concern is what to do when a phone is lost and what happens to their card details then.
When mobile wallets and Near Field Communication (NFC) first entered the public consciousness, the focus was on storing payment card credentials on the Secure Element on the devices SIM – if you lost your phone, then there was a complex provisioning process required, which could mean long delays in getting your replacement phone and subsequently your ability to make payments. Now, however, there has been a move towards Host Card Emulation (HCE).
Read our hands on review of Apple Pay
HCE allows an app on any NFC-enabled device to emulate a contactless smart card. The app essentially accesses your payment card credentials in a remote location and communicates these via the cloud directly to the devices NFC reader.
This uses the same infrastructure as used in the card payments today, so in addition to meeting the stringent security standards set out by the PCI Security Council, if a person should lose their mobile, they can simply get a replacement, download the app and login to their mobile wallet to reactive HCE on their new device.
With Apple's long anticipated adoption of NFC in the iPhone 6 and Apple watch, ApplePay is likely to spur the mass adoption of mobile wallets into everyday use. iOS retains over 30% of market share in the UK alone, and the trusted relationships Apple has built with its user base should encourage them to finally embrace wallet technology.
However, the UK with the rest of Europe will have to wait a little while longer as ApplePay will only available to the U.S. in October, with no official announcement of when this will be available elsewhere.
With Apple finally putting its weight behind the mobile wallet revolution, it could be that we're paying for our iPhone 7s in September 2015 via ApplePay on our Apple Watches.
Mark Prior-Egerton is Solutions Marketing Manager, The Logic Group
New Xbox Series X games: upcoming Xbox Series X game release dates
The Samsung S20 trio has been discontinued now the Galaxy S21 is here
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TechRadar pro IT insights for business
Best Cloud Storage
Mobile Industry
Nuance Dragon NaturallySpeaking Premium 13 review
The biggest name in voice recognition returns
By Carrie Marshall 01 September 2014
Impressive improvements have been made to Dragon's speech recognition routines
There are a few flaws here, but Dragon 13 delivers fast and accurate speech recognition.
Very accurate
Supports digital recorders, smartphones and laptop mics
A little pricey
Occasionally stops listening
Some installation issues
Introduction and setup
Nuance Dragon NaturallySpeaking Premium 13 deals
Dragon Naturally Speaking 13...
Reviewers of speech recognition software often publish the unedited transcripts of their dictation sessions, with predictably hilarious consequences. Unfortunately for us Dragon 13 doesn't want to play that game: in normal circumstances with a good quality microphone it performed flawlessly, converting long texts into type without significant errors. The days when voice recognition software made irritating errors such as hearing "new paragraph" as "uterus" – hello, IBM ViaVoice! – are clearly long gone.
Dragon NaturallySpeaking Premium comes in three versions: the standard version at £139.99, and the Wireless version, which bundles a Bluetooth headset at £199.99. There's also a Mobile version, which includes a Philips Digital Voice Recorder you can use to dictate when you're out and about before transferring the recordings to Dragon for processing. That's £199.99, too.
The software takes your accent into account
Dragon is designed to do two things: to turn your speech into text in your various applications, and to enable you to control your computer using only your voice. You can dictate directly into Office (and OpenOffice) applications or into desktop or web-based email, get Dragon to post to social networks, search the web with voice commands and schedule calendar appointments without lifting a finger – and unlike many voice recognition programs, you don't necessarily need to wear a noise-cancelling headset to use it.
Dragon supports a PC's built-in microphone and its own Dragon Remote Microphone smartphone app (not to be confused with the Dragon NaturallySpeaking app, which is a standalone product for on-the-go dictation), which connects via Bonjour to enable the use of a smartphone as a microphone. You can also use your phone's native recording app to record notes and ideas when you're out and about and then put them into Dragon when you get back to the office. However, if you work in a noisy environment a headset with a noise-cancelling mic is still the most effective option.
You can use the program to operate your web browser
Installation and getting started
We encountered major problems installing Dragon on our previously problem-free 64-bit Windows 8.1 PC – it failed to install a required MSXML component, an issue that led to many frustrating and unsuccessful hours trying to identify and repair the problem. In the end we gave up, wiping our PC, installing a clean build of Windows 8.0 and then upgrading to 8.1. That solved our installation problems, but it seems we're not the only ones to encounter issues with Dragon's installer.
A basic microphone check is all that's needed before getting started
Once we installed the program, we were pleasantly surprised: Dragon dispenses with the long and tedious training sessions of old (although they're still there if you have the time and patience). There's just a short microphone check and then you can start dictating via the auto-hiding DragonBar that appears at the top of the screen. This enables you to turn the microphone on and off, and to access Dragon's various features and settings.
On Windows 8, Dragon works in both desktop and Metro/Modern mode with a few exceptions, so for example the web component works in Internet Explorer in Metro/Modern mode, but not in Chrome or Firefox.
Current page: Introduction and setup
Next Page Performance and features
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PRIVACY POLICY AND COOKIE NOTICE
Chargers Cornerback Casey Hayward on Leave After His Brother’s Death
Lyn Kelly
The Los Angeles Chargers gave cornerback Casey Hayward some time off after the player tragically lost his brother in a fatal car accident.
Coach Anthony Lynn addressed the press on Wednesday and confirmed that Hayward had left for home. Lynn did not know whether the 28-year-old would come back in time for the game against the Cleveland Browns this Sunday.
“I told him he needs to go home and be with his family,” the coach said. “If Casey makes it back and plays, that’s great. If he doesn’t, then we certainly understand.”
The Chargers certainly need Hayward’s defensive presence especially since the team is looking to sneak into the playoffs. After an uninspiring 0-4 start to the season, the team has gone on to win five of their last seven games.
In 11 games this season, Hayward has recorded 30 tackles along with four interceptions. He’s now the defensive fulcrum of the Chargers lineup after Jason Verrett went down in September due to a knee injury.
Lynn may remain hopeful that Hayward will come back on Sunday to face Cleveland, especially since the player brought his homework along on the way to be with his family. But plans can change suddenly, and Hayward’s coach and teammates will surely support his decisions during this difficult time.
“He may have more on his plate than he thinks, and I just told him take care of business at home, and we’ll take care of this,” Lynn added.
According to reports, 27-year-old Jecavesia Hayward was the front seat passenger in a Toyota Camry traveling on Interstate 75 in Macon, Georgia. The vehicle slammed into a tractor trailer, which was stopped in the emergency lane, just before midnight on Monday.
Reports stated that Hayward was ejected from the vehicle and subsequently struck by other passing vehicles. Drivers of those vehicles called 911, but Hayward was pronounced dead on the scene by Bibb County Coroner Leon Jones. The driver of the Camry and another passenger were listed in stable condition. No one else was injured in the crash.
UP NEXT Veteran Scout with Cancer ‘Hurt’ After Being Fired by...
Related Topicsafc westcar accidentcasey haywardcleveland brownscoach anthony lynncornerbackfamilyfootballJecaives Haywardleavelos angeles chargersNFLtragic deathweek 13
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Kendrick Lamar DAMN.
Top Dawg https://www.tinymixtapes.com/sites/default/files/1704/kendrick-lamar-damn_1.jpg
[Top Dawg; 2017]
By Jazz Scott https://www.tinymixtapes.com//writer/jazz+scott 2017-04-19T23:59:56-04:00
Styles: ALL CAPS.
Others: Fear of a Black Planet , Achtung Baby , The Life of Pablo
For Jill, who would have hated this shit.
So I was taking a walk the other day…
Sometimes, when I’m taking walks by myself, I make lists in my head of what’s going to get me killed: CANCER. CARDIAC ARREST. PULMONARY EMBOLISM. The worst part about being a hypochondriac is that this shit isn’t just in my head (as if that would make it any less valid); it’s all corporeal, it’s all in my DNA. I’ve had a BLOOD clot, my grandfather died of a HEART ATTACK while shoveling snow when my dad was six years old, CANCER killed my sister. Some say that LOVE can get you killed, but it’s FEAR that’s going to be the death of me. It’s in my DNA. I’ll prolly die from anxiety.
What is Kendrick Lamar afraid of? On his latest release, Kendrick reveals that his greatest fear is loss, whether it be of money, creativity, LOVE, LOYALTY from PRIDE, GOD’s light, HUMBLEness. There’s a FEAR present here that no degree of straight fire will ever reverse GOD’s curse against all things black. Doubt and duplicity permeate Kendrick’s lines while he maps his way forward, but he delivers his thoughts with unmatched clarity. Kendrick knows even more now (or at least when he spits knowledge, it’s more succinct): murder, conviction, burners, boosters, burglars, ballers, dead, redemption, scholars, fathers dead with kids. When Kendrick takes a walk, he’s also making lists of how he’ll die, vivid in his imagery in a way that only somebody who’s almost died can be: “anonymous… with promises… walkin’ back home from the candy house… because these colors are standin’ out.” To Pimp a Butterfly saw Kendrick going home after making it out. This time, we hear him wrestling with whether making it out was enough.
Damn is a derivative of damnare , a rather mundane Latin word meaning loss or harm. John Ayto, author of The Dictionary of Word Origins , reveals that it didn’t become exclusively a theological term or an expletive until its original meaning was lost around 16c; its Biblical use is therefore contested, as its original connotation of mild condemnation does not fit what has eventually become synonymous with exemption from divine mercy. Its use on DAMN. encapsulates all of these historical permutations, as loss, harm, and exclusion (from both divine and mundane spaces) are all prominent themes. There’s a recurring motif, delivered at one point through a voicemail from Kendrick’s cousin Carl, of people of color being cursed by GOD for being inequitable and following other gods. Damn, as a verb here, is something that GOD does. It’s a top-down kind of smiting, but this kind of exchange is also present here between mortals. On opener “BLOOD.,” there’s a sample of FOX News reporters misquoting and deriding his song “Alright” after his 2015 BET Awards performance. “Oh please, ugh, I don’t like it,” one anchor says of its supposed anti-police message. It’s another, fleshier example of punching down, of condemning (or reinforcing condemnation of) a disenfranchised people.
On “ELEMENT.,” a song that mostly eschews religious imagery for pointed digs at fake rappers, Kendrick uses “damn” as a participle, adjective, verb, and an expletive in one line, highlighting how those most affected by violence are pushed out of those very positions of power that could protect them: “Damned if I do, if I don’t (yuhhh)/ Goddamn us all if you won’t (yuhhh)/ Damn, damn, damn, it’s a goddamn shame/ You ain’t frontline, get out the goddamn way.” It’s a biting twist on Eleanor Roosevelt’s famous line, delivered as a sparse bridge in between sexy James Blake-produced keyboard stabs and grimy snares. Kendrick is asserting through this track that nobody can take him out of his ELEMENT, which in this case is wherever he’s at.
While “damn” itself is used in a plethora of different ways throughout DAMN. , it is “DNA.” that sets these permutations into motion through its sheer power, eliciting that initial reaction from its audience: “DAMN.(!)” Kendrick is cracking open his genes all over this thing with vigor, unravelling strands of his pedigree like a Pandora’s ladder, choking those who are offended by his inner duplicitousness: “ I got millions, I got riches buildin’ in my DNA / I got dark, I got evil, that rot inside my DNA / I got off, I got troublesome, heart inside my DNA. ” There are multitudes here, mutations, mutilations, meditations, millions. Packed so tight that it never stops popping. Unpacking it all is an impossible task. Luckily for us, trying is a Helluva time.
I got so many theories and suspicions…
As both a religious person and a scholar of religion, I’ve always been fascinated by religious rhetoric and imagery, especially in non-worship music. Biblical imagery is abundant on DAMN., but its intentional juxtaposition with profanity is what makes it stand out. Deuteronomy 28:28 is referenced multiple times and presents us with DAMN. ’s central dilemma: “The Lord will afflict you with madness, blindness, and confusion of mind.” This is essentially a curse, one that Kendrick’s cousin Carl uses as an etiology for black suffering. This divine curse leaves Kendrick wrestling with two options throughout DAMN : keep defying it by succeeding against all odds, or guarantee everlasting life by repenting and coming clean. “YAH.” exemplifies Kendrick’s quandary:
“I’m not a politician, I’m not ‘bout a religion
I’m a Israelite, don’t call me Black no mo’
That word is only a color, it ain’t facts no mo’
My cousin called, my cousin Carl Duckworth
Said know my worth
And Deuteronomy say that we all been cursed
I know he walks the Earth
But it’s money to get, bitches to hit, yah
Zeroes to flip, temptation is, yah
First on my list, I can’t resist, yah
Everyone together now, know that we forever ”
In one verse, there is both a rejection of religion and a reclamation of an ancient religious lineage. Kendrick respects his cousin Carl’s faith amidst adversity, yet offers that temptation is often stronger. Ultimately, Kendrick professes a message of togetherness, locating eternity in fraternal bonds. Attaining redemption, however, rides on making it out in America, a land plagued by its own inequities divorced from those that drove Kendrick’s people out of the Promised Land, America itself a land that promised radical equality for those who have been oppressed and suppressed. As Bono sings in “XXX.,” “It’s not a place/ This country is to be a sound of drum and bass.” U2’s chorus reminds us that America is still at war with itself and is so by its own cruel design.
Three months in, DAMN. feels like our first Trump-era classic. It’s as bold and as hard and as hopeful as it is bursting with vitriol. It’s as distracting as it is inciting. It’s as cohesive as it is dense. It’s a volatile, unpredictable chapter in a legacy that’s followed Kendrick from Compton to Congress and now to the Cosmos, as we all struggle for meaning together in a Universe that’s on fire and covered in BLOOD. DAMN. is an expletive shouted into infinity, a judgment of our own judgments, a wrestling with GOD, a letting go of loss and harm, something that we could all give a little more of. It’s a DAMN masterpiece in a world that too often feels like a DAMN shame.
FEEL (alternate version)
I FEEL like my only accomplishments are reflections
I FEEL like my privilege only silences my message
I FEEL like I’m losing my GOD DAMN edge if I had one
I FEEL like I never had much to say in the first place
FEEL like, I FEEL like we’re on two different planets
FEEL like I am part of a problem that I can’t fix
I FEEL like too many people out prayin’ for themselves
I FEEL like violence is a function of FEAR and that’s BULLSHIT
GOD. DAMN. you
GOD. DAMN. me
GOD. DAMN. us
GOD. DAMN. we
GOD. DAMN. US. ALL.
GOD bless every DAMN one of US ALL.
Are we gonna live? Or die?
“It is my eager expectation and hope that I will not be put to shame in any way, but that by my speaking with all boldness, Christ will be exalted now as always in my body, whether by life or by death. For to me, living is Christ and dying is gain. If I am to live in the flesh, that means fruitful labor for me; and I do not know which I prefer.”
— Philippians 1:20-22
“Pay attention, that one decision changed both of they lives
One curse at a time
Reverse the manifest and good karma, and I’ll tell you why
You take two strangers, and put ‘em in random predicaments; give ‘em a soul
So they can make their own choices and live with it”
— “DUCKWORTH.”
Two Christmases ago, my sister died of cancer. Around that time, I started experiencing stomach pains and frequent dizziness for no discernible physiological reason; part of me convinced myself that I had somehow contracted cancer from her ghost and that ghost cancer just wasn’t detectable. We weren’t that close, but as those holes have closed up tightly in her absence and my other sister and brother and stepmother and I have grown closer, I’ve realized more and more just how intimately people can be connected. Loss can be physically devastating. On hard days, I’m reminded more than ever before how violent disconnection can be. For a lot of people, life isn’t a choice; it’s a sentence. It’s hard finding lessons in what so often feels like a cavalcade of creative and destructive accidents. But here’s where hope enters: we have some control of that speeding, blistering motorcade. We can listen while others mourn, we can hold each other up when foundations bottom out, we can rebuild this house together, and we can forgive when listening and holding and rebuilding and forgiving seem impossible. Life is DAMN. hard, but it’s shit like DAMN. that make it a bit easier. It’s fresh air over a gravestone. Sunshine on an epitaph. GOD BLESS these molecules, bent on decay.
More about: Kendrick Lamar
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2017: Favorite 50 Music Releases
This year’s shitshow can’t be completely undone, but we are not beyond repair.
Some releases are so incredible we just can’t help but exclaim EUREKA! While many of our picks here defy categorization and explore the constructed boundaries between ‘music’ and ‘noise,’ others complement, continue, or rupture traditions that provide new forms and ways of listening. Not all of our favorites will be listed here, but we think each EUREKA! album is worthy of careful consideration. This section is a work-in-progress, so expect its definition to be in perpetual flux.
“You’re an idealist, and I pity you as I would the village idiot.” - Stanley Kubrick
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Google launches new social networking site
Google has launched a new social networking site, Google+, for field trials. The site is designed to rival Facebook, which has now gathered over 500m users.
"We'd like to bring the nuance and richness of real-life sharing to software. We want to make Google better by including you, your relationships, and your interests. And so begins the Google+ project," said Vic Gundotra, Senior Vice President, Engineering in a post on the official Google Blog.
The new social networking site features +Circles, designed to allow users to share what they want with specific groups of people or social circles, instead of sharing with all friends.
"From close family to foodies, we found that people already use real-life circles to express themselves, and to share with precisely the right folks. So we did the only thing that made sense: we brought Circles to software. Just make a circle, add your people, and share what's new - just like any other day," said Gundotra.
The site also features +Sparks, an online sharing engine which is designed to deliver content from across the internet to users in 40 different languages, based on a user's interests.
Exciting Features :
+Circle
+Sparks
+Hangouts
+Mobile : These days a phone is the perfect sharing accessory: it's always with you, it's always online, and it's how we stay close with our closest friends. We didn't want "just" a mobile experience, however, so with Google+ we focused on things (like GPS, cameras, and messaging) to make your pocket computer even more personal.
+Location, location, location
In life, the places we visit shape conversations in lots of meaningful ways. If we call John from the airport, he'll likely ask about our trip. Or if Jane texts from a nearby restaurant, we might join her for dessert. With Google+ you can add your location to every post. (Or not. It's always up to you.)
+Instant Upload
Getting photos off your phone is a huge pain, so most of us don't even bother. Of course pictures are meant to be shared, not stranded, so we created Instant Upload to help you never leave a photo behind. While you're snapping pictures, and with your permission, Google+ adds your photos to a private album in the cloud.
+Huddle :Coordinating with friends and family in real-time is really hard in real life. After all, everyone's on different schedules, in different places, and plans can change at any moment. Phone calls and text messages can work in a pinch, but they're not quite right for getting the gang together. So Google+ includes Huddle, a group messaging experience that lets everyone inside the circle know what's going on, right this second.
+You :That's the Google+ project so far: Circles, Sparks, Hangouts and mobile.
+Hangouts is an onscreen social gathering tool, designed to combine an online meet-up with live multi-person video.
Hangouts lets you stop by when you're free, and spend time with your Circles. Face-to-face-to-face
The +Mobile application in Google+ lets users share directly from their phones and includes support for features like GPS, cameras, and messaging capabilities.
Google+'s +Location feature is designed to allow users to share where they are on every post they send out if they choose.
he +Instant Upload feature uploads photos directly from your phone as you are shooting to a private album in the cloud, with a user's permission, ready to share when the user wants to.
According to Google, +Huddle allows users to coordinate with friends and family via group messaging, which lets everyone inside the specific Circle know what's going on.
Google+ is currently available on the Android Market and mobile web.
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from AT&T News Room
AT&T and HBO reach historic multi-platform programming agreement
Via AT&T News Room
First All-Platform Deal for HBO will Make Premium Content Available
To DIRECTV and U-verse Customers On Any Screen; HBO and CINEMAX
To be Part of New ‘DIRECTV NOW’ Streaming Service
AT&T* and Home Box Office, Inc. have reached a multi-year, strategic agreement that will extend HBO’s award-winning content across all AT&T products.
The agreement renews HBO’s existing contract with the AT&T DIRECTV and U-verse services, and will also make all HBO and CINEMAX content available on DIRECTV NOW. AT&T expects the new streaming service to roll out by the end of the year.
AT&T and HBO are not disclosing financial and other details of the new agreement.
“Our agreement with HBO is groundbreaking in the pay TV and wireless industries as well as the premium category,” said Dan York, Chief Content Officer for AT&T. “With this agreement, we have created easy access to subscribe and consume HBO’s premium content across all of our platforms. We look forward to growing HBO and Max subscribers. This is a first-of-its-kind deal for both companies and a big win for consumers, building off AT&T’s industry leading scale as an HBO distributor for the benefit of our wireless, broadband, and entertainment customer base.”
“We are thrilled to extend and deepen our valued and long-standing relationship with AT&T by announcing this groundbreaking agreement, said Simon Sutton,” President, Global Distribution, HBO. “This deal will deliver the best in TV programming to viewers across AT&T’s multi-platform experience. The entertainment landscape has evolved and we are excited to innovate on both AT&T's traditional and new platforms to further provide premium quality, extraordinary value and accessibility to viewers anywhere.”
In addition to bringing shows like HBO’s multiple Emmy-nominated “Game of Thrones” and “Veep” to the DIRECTV NOW platform, HBO and CINEMAX content will also be part of AT&T mobile video bundle offers. Details about those will be available at a later date.
As part of the agreement, DIRECTV and U-verse customers will continue to have access to HBO and CINEMAX content on linear TV, online and TV Everywhere apps.
Media & Entertainment,
This content extract was originally sourced from an external website (AT&T News Room) and is the copyright of the external website owner. TelecomTV is not responsible for the content of external websites. Legal Notices
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from Hewlett Packard Enterprise
RIOgaleao airport upgrades the travel experience for 30 million anticipated passengers with HPE Aruba
Via Hewlett Packard Enterprise
Official Airport of the 2016 Olympics Modernizes Wired and Wireless Network, Adds Indoor Navigation to Support Major Increase in Passengers for Summer Games and Beyond
RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL and SUNNYVALE, CA--(Marketwired - Jun 28, 2016) - Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company (NYSE: HPE), today announced that RIOgaleão-Tom Jobim International Airport, the official airport of the 2016 Olympics, has upgraded to HPE data center and Aruba campus networking solutions. The Airport is also taking a modern approach to air travel with a new mobile app powered by Aruba's Meridian platform that features wayfinding to accelerate airport operations and bring passengers an improved travel experience.
As yearly passenger traffic at RIOgaleão Airport recently reached approximately 17 million, and an anticipated 1.5 million are expected for the upcoming summer games in August 2016, the airport knew that upgrading its network infrastructure would be a key priority. With the games as an immediate need and future growth of the busy airport as a key driver, RIOgaleão's IT team undertook a major network upgrade, in concert with the Airport's 100,000 square meter construction and expansion project.
RIOgaleão Airport leadership believed its previous disparate, legacy networking solutions were unable to keep up with the growing demands of passengers, visitors and airport vendors, as well as the airport's own operational needs. The top priorities for the infrastructure upgrade were improving the performance and reliability of the network as well as introducing a new mobile app to enable a richer traveler experience. With the summer games expected to deliver a peak of 90,000 visitors per day to the airport before the opening and after the close of the games -- double the usual number -- improving the network became critical. In addition, the Airport wanted to provide network services to airlines, concessionaires and service companies, as well as streamline internal airport functions for its anticipated 30 million passenger capacity.
RIOgaleão Airport evaluated a number of vendors, but determined that the HPE/Aruba solutions provided the best TCO (Total Cost of Ownership), the broadest range of solutions and the simplified deployment and management they sought.
"HPE provided the best technical solution on the wired side, particularly with its ability to accommodate different operational protocols without having to switch out the hardware," said Alexandre Villeroy, CIO for RIOgaleão Airport. "And we knew already that Aruba had one of the best Gigabit wireless solutions, so the fact that we could obtain the complete, end-to-end solution from HPE/Aruba was a big factor in our decision. Overall, the HPE/Aruba roadmap was more aligned with our vision."
Working with channel partner ZIVA on the installation, the airport's upgrade includes Aruba 200 Series 802.11ac access points and the 7200 Series Mobility Controller, HPE FlexNetwork 5130 HI Series switches, HPE FlexFabric 7910 switch chassis and HPE/Aruba network management software to replace the outdated and miscellaneous legacy infrastructure.
The airport is also installing Aruba's Mobile Engagement Solution including more than 3,000 Aruba Beacons and the Meridian Mobile App Platform. Using the Meridian platform, and with assistance from mobile app development, design and integration partner Accenture Digital, the airport will launch the RIOgaleão mobile app to provide flight status information and wayfinding for visitors, as well as enable push notifications. The airport can use the notifications to send alerts and information to passengers, including promotions and discounts from airport vendors. The airport is also examining ways to use the app and the new network to speed the check-in, security and boarding processes for passengers, so they spend less time in lines and more time enjoying airport amenities and offerings. Finally, RIOgaleão Airport is investigating how they might use the app to develop a better relationship with passengers, enabling channels for passenger suggestions, requests and complaints.
"Traditionally, the airlines own the relationship with the passengers so it's difficult for the airport facility to develop that relationship and learn who these passengers are and what kinds of services appeal to them," said Renata Pinheiro, Marketing and Communications Director for RIOgaleão Airport. "With the app in place, we're hoping to gather more knowledge about our passengers so we can cater to their needs and wants more effectively."
With the new network in place, RIOgaleão Airport is also looking for ways to enhance internal operations as the facility grows. These include personnel access to airport operational and maintenance systems, control and management of Internet of Things (IoT) devices such as air conditioning, lighting and water systems, and allowing vendors that provide baggage and aircraft services to access their own operational systems via the Wi-Fi network. The airport is also exploring integration with aircraft to download information from telemetry and other onboard systems, as well as Wi-Fi onboard the aircraft.
Noted Villeroy, "Airports globally are becoming more dependent upon commercial initiatives and revenues rather than just the flights. That's why it's crucial for us to give passengers an environment that becomes part of their journey -- a place where they want to spend more time and money." He added, "The new HPE/Aruba network helps lay the foundation for our future growth and ability to provide this enriched experience for airport visitors."
About RIOgaleão
RIOgaleão comprises Odebrecht TransPort, Changi Airports International and Infraero. The concessionaire took over the administration and operation of the airport in August 2014, under a 25 year concession contract. Until the end of that period, RIOgaleão will invest R$5.2 billion in the airport -- out of these, approximately R$2 billion will be invested by the Olympic Games. Construction at the airport is spearheaded by a joint venture led by Odebrecht. Changi Airports International brings to RIOgaleão its expertise in airport operations. It is responsible for the operation and management of Singapore Changi Airport, the most awarded airport in the world. The two companies have joined forces to transform Tom Jobim International Airport into an iconic gateway to Latin America.
About Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company Aruba, a Hewlett Packard Enterprise company, is a leading provider of next-generation networking solutions for enterprises of all sizes worldwide. The company delivers IT solutions that empower organizations to serve the latest generation of mobile-savvy users who rely on cloud-based business apps for every aspect of their work and personal lives.
Contract Award,
Data Centres,
Device Software & Apps,
Digital Platforms & Services,
Latin America,
This content extract was originally sourced from an external website (Hewlett Packard Enterprise) and is the copyright of the external website owner. TelecomTV is not responsible for the content of external websites. Legal Notices
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Offering fine advice since 2007
What are the guidelines for male friends helping each other apply sunscreen?
David Courtney
https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/offering-fine-advice-since-2007-45/
From the August 2008 Issue Subscribe
Illustration by Jack Unruh
Q: What are the guidelines for male friends helping each other apply sunscreen? I was recently down at the coast with a buddy of mine. My girlfriend wasn’t there, so when I was putting on some sunscreen, I asked him if he’d mind doing my back. He nearly had a conniption fit and acted like I had made some sort of depraved request. Did I err?
Name withheld
A: Blessed with a preternaturally bronzed (the fact-checkers say orange) and perpetually glistening (the fact-checkers say unwashed) beach-friendly physique, like that of Hercules film series star Reg Park (who, the fact-checkers say, succumbed to skin cancer in 2007), the Texanist has never himself had much use for sunscreen. His position vis-à-vis ultraviolet radiation shares much with the president’s onetime stance toward Islamic extremism: Bring it on. But he is keenly aware of the medical establishment’s point of view regarding the harmful effects of the sun’s rays and knows well the strong bonds, but equally strong boundaries, of male friendship. It would be nice if these forces never collided, but male-on-male sunblock application is hardly the only case of fellowship’s leading to manly activities that can be misconstrued. Has your friend never hugged a man after a victory in sport? Slapped a man on the buttocks for a job well-done? Pinned a man to the floor during a night of drunken Indian leg wrestling that gets a little out of hand? As long as the summer sun shines on Texas’s beautiful beaches, men will share shirtless moments frolicking beneath it. If your friend is resolute in his reluctance to “do your back,” maybe next time you should bring the girls.
Q: I don’t consider myself a cheapskate, but I was recently labeled such for pointing out an offensive trend in restaurants throughout Texas—charging for chips and salsa! I think establishments that do this should be punished with organized boycotts. Does that make me a tightwad?
C. H. Ramirez, McAllen
A: My God! Charging for chips and salsa? Is there nothing in this world that cannot be measured in dollars and cents? From the dawn of time, a basket of golden-fried, piping-hot, well-salted tortilla chips served with a bowl of fresh salsa “on the house” has symbolized the bountiful good neighborliness for which this part of the world is known. Nothing says “Bienvenidos, mis amigos” like this bit of local lagniappe. A chips-and-salsa surcharge says something entirely different, something the Texanist, a gentleman by trade, reserves for those rare instances when cattle rustlers and horse thieves knock at his door. Boycott? A boycott is too good for these vultures. Their wanton disregard for old-fashioned hospitality makes the Texanist sick. You, my friend, are not the tightwad. The tightwad is the Tex-Mex restaurateur who puts the grubbing of a few measly dollars ahead of the social good.
Q: How long is it acceptable to loiter in a grocery store’s produce section to avoid the heat?
Hannah, Via e-mail
A: Since the store pays to run its massive AC unit whether you partake of its glorious refrigerated air or not, there is no time limit on this activity. In fact, the Texanist would encourage you to broaden your horizons. Consider whiling away the afternoon in a nearby ice rink; see what a few hours spent prone on our Capitol’s chilly basement floor does for your constitution; kill four hours on a bench in an art museum pretending to look at a painting. If produce sections are your thing, try the United Supermarket on Tennessee Avenue in Dalhart or the H-E-B on Boca Chica Boulevard in Brownsville. The Texanist has spent countless hours communing with the fruits and vegetables at these and other glacial Shangri-las. No one minds. The security guard will not be called unless you remove your shirt and hug a week’s worth of frozen provisions to your chest. Although this is a very effective technique for beating the heat, the Texanist can say with authority that it is frowned upon by the managers of the Piggly Wiggly in Sulphur Springs, the Central Market in Southlake, and the Brookshire’s in Sweetwater.
Q: I was recently invited to a girls’ brunch hosted by a friend. I happily RSVP’d yes, thinking it’d be a fun social gathering, only to find out upon arrival at her house that the get-together was in fact a Mary Kay party. I felt pressured to buy products I didn’t want and came away feeling betrayed by my friend. How can I tell her that I don’t want to be tricked into any more of her sales efforts?
Anna Smith, Richardson
A: The Texanist has never been to a Mary Kay party, but he knows a racket when he sees one. This so-called friend set you up, and your feelings of betrayal are warranted. You should be blunt with her and simply explain that you don’t appreciate the false invitation. Undoubtedly, this would be the most appropriate course of action. The Texanist must confess, however, that were he in your shoes, he might succumb to the childish impulse to retaliate, and if you feel drawn to do the same, he may be able to help. You see, the Texanist has an acquaintance who is a top official of a contract review panel interested in the importation of goods with funds that are presently trapped in Nigeria. This acquaintance has been delegated to look for an overseas partner into whose bank account the panel would transfer U.S. $21,320,000. Perhaps your friend, with her business acumen, would like to get involved in this exciting and lucrative international opportunity.
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Thai Startup Year in Review 2015
Thailand BOI Approves New electric vehicles (EV) Package
COVID-19 pandemic wiped out 81 million jobs in Asia-Pacific countries
Kasikorn Research expects Thailand’s GDP to grow 2.6% in 2021
Thais encouraged to travel more to help stimulate economy
Thailand expects 400 foreign visitors in early November
Tech Sauce
Time flies where the end of the year has passed and Techsauce is about to be one year old real soon. Nevertheless, we still have the same team that has been together in Thailand’s startup industry since the beginning with Thumbsup and HUBBA. First of all we would like to say thank you to all of our followers who have been following our works for all this time. Ever though it is still a small society of operators in Thailand, but the team remains committed and intend to continue to be a part that helps push for a better and stronger startup ecosystem here. So let us look at what have happened to the Kingdom’s startup ecosystem in the past year.
Large Corporates, Innovation, and Cooperation with Startup
Large enterprises in other countries have been paying attention to startup for a while now including projects to accelerate and incubate and developers such as Hackathon. They have been providing many supportive programs to help startup and there are many reasons for that which includes the search for new innovation via existing facilities, market channels, and customer bases that could be collaborate with startup in search for new business opportunities.
There are also startups that are facing various challenges and they are at risk from the…
Read the complete story here
LINE เตรียมตัวออก IPO ในปีนี้
Thailand plans to invest $1.1bn to speed up broadband services
Techsauce is the partnership of two titans in the Thai technology startup industry between Thumbsup, the leading technology media in Thailand and HUBBA, the biggest coworking space network in Thailand.
Award-winning Personal Expenses Tracking App Fortune City Launches New Localized Version for Thailand, Aiming to Help Thai Users Keep Their New Year’s Resolutions for 2021 and Their Finances Healthy
BANGKOK – Fourdesire, Taiwan’s leading mobile app developer, will release a Thai version of Fortune City, their popular money management app, in Thailand this month.
Thailand’s digital minister asked experts to help plug gaps in e-commerce security after netizens discovered personal data from more than 13 million accounts up for sale on an underground website.
Boris Sullivan
Many of us take for granted the ability to withdraw money from our bank account, wire it to family in another country, and pay bills online.
Following the pandemic, more than half of the survey’s respondents now shop online more frequently and rely on the internet more for news, health-related information and digital entertainment.
The pandemic has accelerated the shift towards a more digital world and triggered changes in online shopping behaviours that are likely to have lasting effects.
Investment4 hours ago
The BCG model, as defined by the Thai Government, encompasses industries that allow inclusive, sustainable growth while reducing waste, pollution...
The Board of Investment of Thailand’s (BOI) latest survey, shows most foreign investors, estimated at 96%, are still confident in...
Companies5 days ago
Thai Firm Siam Bioscience Joins with AstraZeneca to Make COVID-19 Vaccine for Southeast Asia and says it will produce 200...
Investment5 days ago
Thailand BOI new measures to boost post-Covid-19 investment
Thailand's Board of Investment (BOI) approved a series of measures to accelerate investments and to encourage businesses to adopt digital...
Bloomberg surveys show that analysts are penciling in high rates of growth next year for some of those that have...
Even in Southeast Asia, which has fared comparatively well in minimizing deaths, economies have either ground to a halt or...
Thailand's Public debt to GDP ratio within framework says Finance Minister
No second wave of COVID-19 in Thailand says Public Health Minister
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Bringing America to the Table: How to Get People Interested in Food
Helene York
We've been singing to the choir for a long time. What we need to do, though, is learn to reach those all the way back in the peanut gallery.
On my farewell visit to Borders, I browsed the environment section. Three years ago, the same shelves were devoted to the sky-is-falling-because-of-climate-change books. Now, there are numerous titles devoted to food, the food system, agriculture, and organics.
Sadly, the themes and tones are still monotonous. One after another, it seemed as if all of them could have been called How Industrial Food is Making Us Sicker, Fatter and Poorer -- and What You Can Do About It (the actual subtitle for Food, Inc.). Jeffrey Masson's The Face on Your Plate: The Truth About Food begins with this cheerful assessment: "The human appetite for animal flesh is a driving force behind virtually every major category of environmental damage now threatening the human future."
Who really wants to read titles like Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal (by Tristam Stuart) or Confessions of an Eco-Sinner (by Fred Pearce)? They convey urgency and are written by serious, thoughtful journalists, but even many hardcore members of the food movement choir consign these books permanently to their bedside tables as if, someday, they will adopt a more inviting tone.
Diet for a Hot Planet author Anna Lappé once told me about her view of the need to sing to the choir: even they sometimes need to be reminded of the song and how to sing it well. Absolutely a fair point. Many books about the broken food system or the modern diet have important kernels of knowledge, are well-researched and written. But choir directors know that they have to quit practicing after a while and make real music. For the food system to change meaningfully, Mr. and Ms. Average American have to tune in eventually. And we're not going to get them to through ominous tomes. Three ideas come to mind.
Interest in gardening has grown exponentially. Though often hard work, gardening is nothing like trying to support your family from the land. Cued up as an avocation, however -- and that's the point -- it is quietly inspirational to many who otherwise have paid little attention to the food system. Gardeners have turned into a potential army for good food. We need to mobilize them.
The second is health. I'll admit it: I'm bored by the chatter of affluent white women talking about the healthful properties of certain foods. The scientific evidence is sketchy, but their hopes and suspicions propel them to believe. Whatever. For the most part, these women are engaged and interested. They can make the connection between their passions and the environmental and social impact of our food system, and channel their purchasing power. Alicia Silverstone's best-selling The Kind Diet turns Food, Inc.'s tagline into a positive message. She calls it "A Simple Guide to Feeling Great, Losing Weight, and Saving the Planet." Same message, expressed differently, and more widely read. The book is goofy in many ways but the main messages are powerful ... and accessible.
And then there's the great missing link: humor. I've seen numerous films about what's wrong with the food system, but there was one I truly loved: King Corn. Unlike Frankensteer or The Future of Food, it was delightfully funny as well as educational. We need more in this vein. Where's the movie where Kathy Bates drives her Happy Meal-dependent grandkids to the feedlot to lock them in with the cloned cattle? Or the buddy picture about the farmer and the chef conspiring to camouflage a bumper crop of giant zucchini in every meal? Someone in Hollywood should be preparing a corny horror film by now about genetically modified Frankenfish (if the script isn't buried in some studio's legal department). Speaking of lawyers, remember the episode of the TV comedy Boston Legal in which William Shatner learned about farmed versus wild salmon while vacationing in British Columbia? It was a hoot ... and it reached millions and millions of non-choir members.
No movement has ever found it easy to reach masses of people, especially when they already think they're doing something meaningful by eschewing bottled water while running errands in their SUVs. But successful leaders recognize that reaching people where they are, rather than where we want them to be, is necessary. If we use humor and others' passions as a starting point, we have a prayer that the whole congregation may be singing our messages eventually.
Image: REUTERS/Radu Sigheti.
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A Warning About the Next Economic Crisis from Leaders Who Battled the Last One
© Jonathan Ernst / Reuters
Three top officials who helped steer the U.S. through the financial crisis a decade ago warned Tuesday that, while the banking system has clearly been strengthened, policymakers might find it harder to deal with the next crisis.
At a recent round-table discussion with reporters at the Brookings Institution, Former Fed Chair Ben Bernanke and former Treasury Secretaries Henry Paulson and Timothy Geithner expressed concern than policymakers would be more constrained, and have weaker emergency powers, in responding to the next large-scale crisis. "Better defenses, weaker arsenal," said Geithner, according to USA Today.
The three also voiced concerns about the dangers of rising deficits and mounting national debt.
Bernanke: The former Fed chair “criticized the deficit-ballooning tax cuts and spending increases agreed to by President Donald Trump and Congress as ill-timed,” Bloomberg’s Rich Miller reports. “Bernanke noted that they come as the country is at or near full employment. He also voiced concern about the longer-term consequences of rapidly rising government debt.”
Geithner: "I think the deficit fever of '09 through '13 was mistimed," the former Treasury secretary said, according to USA Today, noting that deficit concerns served to reduce stimulus spending that might have helped speed the recovery. "I say the new complacency about the larger deficits is mistimed, too."
Paulson: “If we don’t act, that is the most certain fiscal or economic crisis we will have,” the Treasury secretary under President George W. Bush said of the national debt. “It will slowly strangle us.” Paulson also said that now, when the economy is growing, is the best time to address “some of the persistent structural issues that are going to determine our long-term economic competitiveness.” Those issues, he said, include the deficit, immigration, income disparities and what automation and globalization are doing to wages.
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'Twas the night before Christmas, and up on the Hill Congress keeps fighting over its stimulus bill. Pelosi pressed...
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The Free Library > Communications > News, opinion and commentary > Cihan News Agency (CNA) > June 19, 2014
The Free Library > Date > 2014 > June > 19 > Cihan News Agency (CNA)
A Tour of M51 spiral galaxy.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Tour+of+M51+spiral+galaxy.-a0371894074</a>
MLA style: "A Tour of M51 spiral galaxy.." The Free Library. 2014 SyndiGate Media Inc. 19 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Tour+of+M51+spiral+galaxy.-a0371894074
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. A Tour of M51 spiral galaxy.." Retrieved Jan 19 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Tour+of+M51+spiral+galaxy.-a0371894074
APA style: A Tour of M51 spiral galaxy.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 19 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+Tour+of+M51+spiral+galaxy.-a0371894074
WASHINGTON (CyHAN)- Like the Milky Way, the whirlpool is a spiral galaxy with spectacular arms of stars and dust.
M51 (NGC 5194) The Whirlpool Galaxy is a grand design spiral galaxy located in the constellation of Canes Venatici, "the Hunting Dogs". It is one of the most famous galaxies in the sky, appearing face-on when viewed from Earth. At magnitude 8.4, it's relatively bright and visible in binoculars especially from a dark site. It has a much smaller dwarf companion NGC 5195 and together they are well-known as the finest and most studied example of an interacting galaxy pair.
M51 was one of Charles Messier original discoveries on October 13, 1773 while his friend Pierre Mechain discovered NGC 5195 on March 20, 1781. Messier described M51 as a faint nebula without stars that was difficult to see. In his catalogue of 1781, Messier describes both M51 and NGC 5195 in the same note and hence there is some confusion over the exact designation of M51. Is he referring to M51 as just the larger galaxy or does he actually mean the pair? If it's the pair then NGC 5194 is sometimes referred to as "M51A", with NGC 5195 separately known as "M51B".
Canes Venatici is a small northern constellation of faint stars that was created by Johannes Hevelius in the 17th century. Apart from its brightest star Cor Caroli ([eth] CVn - mag. 2.9), the constellation contains no stars brighter than 4th magnitude. However, locating M51 isn't difficult as it positioned towards the northeast border of Canes Venatici and only a few degrees from the handle of the seven stars that form the famous "Plough" or "Big Dipper" asterism of Ursa Major.
To locate M51, first identify Alkaid ([eth][cedilla] UMa - mag 1.9) the end star of the handle of the bowl of the "Plough". Located 3 degrees directly west of Alkaid is magnitude 4.5 star 24 UMa. Positioned a degree to the northeast of 24 UMa is a magnitude 6.5 star. Now imagine a line from this star to 24 UMa and then continue it southwards for a further two degrees. This leads to a triangle of stars of magnitudes 7.1, 7.1 and 7.5. All three stars are easily visible in binoculars with M51 located just west of the southernmost star.
SHOT LIST
-Thursday, June 19, 2014 SOURCE CIHAN
-VAR of M51 spiral galaxy
CyHAN
Copyright 2014 Cihan News Agency. All right reserved. Provided by SyndiGate Media Inc. ( Syndigate.info ).
COPYRIGHT 2014 SyndiGate Media Inc.
Cihan News Agency (CNA)
Top court: Sledgehammer defendants' rights to free trial violated.
Space Scoop: Collecting clues to a cosmic crime.
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The Free Library > Health > Health, general > Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences > September 1, 2016
The Free Library > Date > 2016 > September > 1 > Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Glaucoma surgery in pregnancy: a case series and literature review.
<a href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Glaucoma+surgery+in+pregnancy%3a+a+case+series+and+literature+review.-a0461609596</a>
MLA style: "Glaucoma surgery in pregnancy: a case series and literature review.." The Free Library. 2016 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences 19 Jan. 2021 https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Glaucoma+surgery+in+pregnancy%3a+a+case+series+and+literature+review.-a0461609596
Chicago style: The Free Library. S.v. Glaucoma surgery in pregnancy: a case series and literature review.." Retrieved Jan 19 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Glaucoma+surgery+in+pregnancy%3a+a+case+series+and+literature+review.-a0461609596
APA style: Glaucoma surgery in pregnancy: a case series and literature review.. (n.d.) >The Free Library. (2014). Retrieved Jan 19 2021 from https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Glaucoma+surgery+in+pregnancy%3a+a+case+series+and+literature+review.-a0461609596
The coincidence of glaucoma and pregnancy is thought to be rare, but about one-quarter of respondents to a survey of ophthalmologists in the United Kingdom were faced with this clinical situation. (1) The frequency of glaucoma during pregnancy seems to be increasing among women because some women wait longer to become pregnant. Therefore, we need to improve our understanding about glaucoma management in this very challenging population. There is a tendency for the intraocular pressure (IOP) to decrease during pregnancy, especially during the second and third trimesters. (2,3) Additionally, a reduced diurnal variation of the IOP and an increased retrobulbar blood flow have been reported in pregnancy. (2) Despite all the information indicating that the IOP typically decreases during pregnancy, many glaucoma patients continue to require medical and surgical treatment and glaucoma may progress. (3)
Given the paucity of reports on glaucoma management in pregnant patients and the impossibility of conducting clinical trials in this group of patients, there are no guidelines for managing this clinical situation. There is a general level of uncertainty regarding management among ophthalmologists faced with a pregnant woman who has progression of her glaucoma. (1) Herein, we describe 6 glaucoma surgical procedures in 3 pregnant glaucoma patients with an uncontrolled IOP on maximum tolerable medication.
Cases Presentation
A retrospective case series was performed on 3 cases of uncontrolled glaucoma during pregnancies that were managed surgically at Wills Eye Institute, Philadelphia, USA, and Poostchi Eye Research Center, Shiraz, Iran. Relevant clinical and management details were extracted from the medical records.
A 26-year-old asthmatic pregnant patient whose juvenile open-angle glaucoma had been controlled for 12 years with timolol, brimonidine, and latanoprost presented to the glaucoma service in her second trimester of pregnancy because of an uncontrolled IOP (44 mm Hg in both eyes) detected by her ophthalmologist. She used albuterol and ipratropium inhalers PRN for controlling her asthma. The best-corrected visual acuity (-6.00- 0.25x95 in the right eye and - 6.25 in the left eye) was 20/20, and the vertical cup/disc ratio was 0.7 in both eyes. The visual field in the right eye was normal, and the left eye showed a shallow inferior arcuate scotoma. The central corneal thickness was 550 [micro]m and 557 pm in the right and left eyes, respectively. The patient underwent trabeculectomy in her left eye with 2% lidocaine jelly and subconjunctival 1% lidocaine with monitored anesthetic care at 24 weeks of gestation. Postoperatively, topical neomycin-polymyxin B-dexamethasone was started and tapered over 2 months.
Trabeculectomy was performed in the right eye while the IOP was 41 mm Hg at the 27th week of gestation. The IOP was 13 mm Hg 2 weeks after the second operation in both eyes and then was stable at low teens throughout pregnancy. She gave birth to a normal baby at the 38th week of gestation. The baby weighed 3050 grams and her Apgar score was 10. The course of glaucoma and the IOP (low teens) were stable during a second pregnancy 2 years later and a third pregnancy, 7 years after the first.
A 24-year-old pregnant patient (16 weeks) was referred to the glaucoma service due to an uncontrolled IOP in her left eye on maximum tolerable topical anti-glaucoma medications (timolol, dorzolamide, latanoprost, and brimonidine) by her local ophthalmologist. Up to this point, the juvenile open-angle glaucoma had been controlled with timolol, dorzolamide, and latanoprost for the last 3 years. She had received all 3 medications during the first trimester due to an escalating IOP rise. Brimonidine had been added to her medications at the beginning of the second trimester. She had no history of prior glaucoma surgery.
On initial examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 and 20/25 in right and left eyes respectively, wearing -5.25-1.75x170 OD and -6.5-2.75x170 OS. The IOP was 24 mm Hg in the right eye and 34 mm Hg in the left eye with timolol, dorzolamide, latanoprost, and brimonidine. The central corneal thickness in the right and left eyes was 550 pm and 560 [micro]m, respectively. Heidelberg retinal tomography revealed a large optic disc (about 2.90 [mm.sup.2]) with a 0.6 cup/disc ratio bilaterally. Stratus optical coherent tomography also revealed a normal nerve fiber layer thickness in both eyes. Visual field testing was normal in both eyes. She underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty in the left eye (16th week of pregnancy), although no beneficial effect was observed over 4 weeks (IOP=36 mm Hg). Visual field examination showed no significant change compared to her prior visual fields. Due to the possibility of an unfavorable outcome with trabeculectomy without mitomycin in young patients, an Ahmed valve (FP7, New World Medical, Rancho Cucamonga, California, USA) implantation was done on the left eye at 20 weeks of gestation. The surgery was accomplished by employing topical tetracaine and subconjunctival 2% lidocaine. The lidocaine (2%) was injected subconjunctivally in the superotemporal quadrant; and after opening the conjunctiva, additional lidocaine was administered in the sub-Tenon's space. No intravenous sedative was used. She tolerated the operation well and received topical chloramphenicol for 2 weeks and betamethasone for 8 weeks postoperatively. Topical chloramphenicol use in pregnancy is considered to be safe. (4) Nasolacrimal occlusion and eyelid closure were recommended after topical medication application. Four weeks after surgery, the IOP in the left eye rose to 24 mm Hg and timolol/dorzolamide combination drop was started. The IOP in her right eye also rose to 44 mm Hg with topical medications. The same procedure was performed in right eye at 29 weeks of gestation. The operation was accomplished by placing the patient in the left down decubitus position to prevent systemic hypotension due to aortic and vena caval compression by the conceived uterus. The patient's hips, abdomen, and thighs were rotated to left while maintaining a normal head position for ophthalmic surgery. She and her fetus tolerated the procedure well, and similar postoperative medication and care were tailored. At the fifth postoperative week, the IOP was 25 and 14 in the right and left eyes. The patient was advised to start timolol/ dorzolamide combination drop for the right eye as well. At the beginning of the ninth month of pregnancy, the IOP in both eyes was 14 mm Hg with timolol/dorzolamide combination drop. Any possible side effect of timolol on the newborn's respiration and cardiovascular system was prevented by replacing the timolol/dorzolamide combination drop with dorzolamide in the ninth month. The IOP was 18 mm Hg in both eyes with dorzolamide over the last 2 weeks of pregnancy and 2 months after delivery. The mother gave birth to a healthy baby with a birth weight of 2750 grams and an Apgar score of 9.
A 23-year-old healthy myope presented to her local ophthalmologist because of a decline in vision in both eyes. She was unaware that she might have juvenile glaucoma. She had a positive family history, as her father had juvenile glaucoma. Four days before referral to the glaucoma service, she presented with an IOP of 54 mm Hg and 60 mm Hg in the right and left eyes, respectively, and was started on medications. She smoked one pack of cigarettes per day and wore soft contact lens. The patient did not report to the treating physician or the staff that she was pregnant. She denied pregnancy when queried, and 2 pregnancy tests checked before eye operations at 20 and 24 weeks of her pregnancy with urine samples were negative. Later on, she admitted to switching urine samples with her mother in the ladies' room, as she was fearful that surgery would be denied to her due to her pregnant state.
On examination, the best-corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in the right eye and 20/100 in the left eye. The refraction in the right and left eyes was -10.00-1.5x005 and -9.75-1.5x015, respectively. The IOP was 14 mm Hg in both eyes with latanoprost, timolol/brimonidine combination drop, and acetazolamide (125 mg twice daily). The central corneal thickness was 565 [micro]m in both eyes. Optic nerve examination showed a vertical cup/disc ratio of 0.85 in the right eye and 0.9 in the left eye with pallor and peripapillary atrophy. The visual filed defects in both eyes showed dense superior and inferior arcuate scotomas with dense nasal steps. The patient was advised to stop acetazolamide due to symptoms of nausea and fatigue. Two weeks later, the IOP in both eyes was 17 mm Hg but the patient admitted to poor compliance with this medical regimen. One month later (24th week of pregnancy), the IOP in the left eye increased to 43 mm Hg and was not reduced after resuming acetazolamide. Given her age and contact lens wear, it was decided to proceed with a Baerveldt shunt under general anesthesia. At the time, it was not known that the patient was in her second trimester of pregnancy. Therefore, under general anesthesia, a Baerveldt 350-[mm.sup.2] (Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, California, USA) was implanted augmented with mitomycin 0.4 mg/mL for 3 minutes in a pledget in the area of the plate. Postoperatively, topical moxifloxacin was given for 2 weeks and difluprednate for 6 weeks on a slow taper. One month after the left eye surgery, the IOP in the right eye increased to 40 mm Hg with all the aforementioned anti-glaucoma medications. Hence, the same procedure was done on the right eye at the 24th week of pregnancy. Again, the pregnancy urine test was negative. General anesthesia was used. One month later, the IOP was 14 mm Hg in the right eye and 16 mm Hg in the left eye. The IOP remained 14 mm Hg in both eyes with 0.5% timolol throughout the pregnancy and has continued to remain so over the following 2.5 years. The patient delivered a healthy baby girl with a birth weight of 2523 grams at term with an Apgar score of 10, three months after the second operation. The baby girl is completely healthy and at this point, has no known ocular disease or any other defects or pathology.
In the present study, 6 eyes of 3 patients underwent surgical intervention to control their IOP. All the patients used various antiglaucoma medications during their pregnancies, tolerated the operations very well, and gave birth to normal babies. There are limited reports on the surgical management of glaucoma in pregnancy. A successful case of trabeculectomy without adjunctive antimetabolites performed with retrobulbar anesthesia has been reported in a pregnant patient. She had uncontrolled glaucoma with 3 medications without any response to argon laser trabeculoplasty. (5) Another study demonstrated IOP reduction after cyclophotocoagulation in a pregnant woman with uveitic aphakic glaucoma. (6) A search on the PubMed database reveled no report on shunt implantation in pregnant patients.
Although some studies indicate that the IOP decreases in pregnancy, (7-10) some patients may develop an elevated IOP during pregnancy. There are case reports describing pregnant women with glaucoma whose IOP has been difficult to control despite medical and surgical interventions. (6,11) In a retrospective study conducted on 28 eyes of 15 pregnant glaucoma patients with varying severity and types of glaucoma, Brauner et al. (12) reported that in 5 (17.9%) eyes, the IOP increased, but there was no progression of visual field loss. In 5 (17.9%) eyes, visual field loss progressed, while the IOP remained stable or increased. Two of our patients had a controlled glaucoma with medication before pregnancy and developed an uncontrolled IOP during gestation. Changes in the IOP should be monitored closely in pregnant patients with glaucoma due to the highly variable course of glaucoma during pregnancy.
In glaucomatous women of childbearing age, if possible, the treatment plan should be discussed before the woman plans to become pregnant, allowing for discussion of treatment options and possible risks. As we experienced in case 3, women do not always volunteer the possibility of pregnancy during ophthalmic consultation. In the third case, 2 urine pregnancy tests were negative because the woman switched her mother's urine for hers because of fears concerning the impact of pregnancy on her care. As the tests were negative, the patient was treated as a non-pregnant patient. She received a general anesthesia, and mitomycin was applied during shunt implantation. Another alternative would be to check serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-HCG) in women of childbearing age.
Unfortunately, there is little definitive information concerning the medical management of glaucoma during pregnancy. (13) No topical anti-glaucoma agents have strong evidence of safety based on human studies. (3) The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification of drugs safety in pregnancy can be summarized as follows: Category A: safety established using human studies; Category B: presumed safety based on animal studies, but no human studies; Category C: uncertain safety, with no human studies and animal studies showing adverse effect; Category D: unsafe; evidence of risk that in certain clinical circumstances may be justifiable; and Category X: definitely unsafe, with the risk of use outweighing any possible benefit.
Table 1 lists the FDA's classification of selected anti-glaucoma medications as well as the reported teratogenic effects in animal and human studies. While no glaucoma medications are known to be human teratogens, none has been proven to be completely risk-free either. The majority of anti-glaucoma medications are in group C and the only medications in group B (animal studies show no harm to the fetus) are sympathomimetics.
As many pregnancies are unplanned, exposure to medication often occurs before women know that they are pregnant. During the first 12 weeks of gestation, organogenesis occurs and teratogenic drug effects are more severe when medicines are administered during thisperiod. (33) The last month of pregnancy is also important because the drugs pass through the placenta and reach the fetal circulation and may affect the newborn's cardiac, respiratory, and neurologic systems functions. Nasolacrimal occlusion, eyelid closure, or blotting the excess drops away during administration and punctual plugging should be discussed with pregnant women on topical anti-glaucoma medications. (13)
If maximum safe topical medications fail to control the IOP or a progressive visual field loss is noted, or a woman with severe glaucoma wishes to decrease the potential risk of medications to the fetus, surgical intervention should be considered. (3) A potential option before incisional surgeries is laser trabeculoplasty. The procedure would impose the least possible risk to the fetus and would not require the addition of preoperative and postoperative medications that invasive procedures would necessitate. Other advantages include it being an outpatient procedure, the use of topical anesthesia, sitting in an upright posture, faster rehabilitation, and very low risk to the patient. However, laser trabeculoplasty is less effective in patients younger than 50 years. (34) In this series, one of the patients who received laser trabeculoplasty had no IOP decrease, which was in line with Pickering's report. (5)
There are specific risks and considerations of glaucoma surgery in pregnant patients, including timing of surgery, position of the patient during surgery, risks of local and general anesthesia, and intra- and postoperative medications. (35) Agents like narcotics, paralyzing agents, inhaled anesthetic agents, and any of the central nervous system depressants which are used to anesthetize the patient can influence the fetus. Nevertheless, there are no well-controlled human studies about the teratogenic effects of these agents. However, neither our patient who had 2 general anesthesia for both eyes surgeries nor a 22-year-old pregnant woman that had a sclerotomy operation at 32 weeks of gestation under general anesthesia experienced complications and both gave birth to normal babies. (36) Nonetheless, there are reports of increased incidence of low birth weight and an increased rate of neural tube defects with exposure to general anesthesia in the first trimester. (37)
Most local anesthetics have not been shown to be teratogen in humans and are considered relatively safe for use during pregnancy. In the FDA's classification, etidocaine, lidocaine, and prilocaine are categorized in group B and bupivacaine and mepivacaine are placed in group C because of inducing fetal bradycardia. (38) Limiting the dose to the minimum required for effective pain control is obviously advisable. (39) Subconjunctival and anterior sub-Tenon's anesthesia combined with a topical anesthesia for glaucoma surgery may be well tolerated and may allow a less systemic absorption of the medication than a retrobulbar anesthesia. (39) The supine position in the second and third trimesters of gestation can induce profound systemic hypotension due to aortic and vena caval compression by the conceived uterus. Consideration should be given to rotating the patients' hips, abdomen, and thighs on their left side while maintaining a normal head position for ophthalmic surgery. (40)
Glaucoma filtration surgery in pregnant patients may be at relatively higher risk of failure because of young age, physiological changes during pregnancy, and contraindicated antimetabolite usage. Both mitomycin and 5-fluorouracil, which are used commonly as antimetabolite agents in glaucoma filtering surgeries, are in category X and contraindicated in pregnancy. (41,42) It is well known that in pregnancy, the serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (43) and placental growth factor (PGF), (44) which is a ligand for VEGF Receptor-1, are elevated. Because VEGF has a major role in angiogenesis and fibroblast and inflammatory cell migration and proliferation and synergistic effect of PGF with VEGF, it seems that wound healing at the trabeculectomy site during pregnancy is augmented.
The 5-year results of the Tube Versus Trabeculectomy (TVT) (45) study will probably encourage more surgeons to expand the indications for aqueous shunt surgery to include more primary surgical cases or at least encourage aqueous shunt surgery when both options are reasonable alternatives. Shunt surgery seems to be a reasonable alternative for some patients who need surgery in pregnancy.
For postoperative pain, acetaminophen may be the safest and it usually provides adequate pain relief. Because the pain may increase the possibility of premature labor, in the postoperative period the patient should receive adequate analgesia. (46)
Table 2 summarizes the risks of some postglaucoma surgery medications in pregnancy.
It is now commonplace for women to choose to start families later in life; thus, the frequency of glaucoma during pregnancy may increase. It is logical not to defer the glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy or shunt surgery) to the postpartum period in pregnant patients that have an uncontrolled IOP at a level that puts vision at risk in the short term as optic nerve damage is irreversible. Pregnant glaucoma patients present challenges, but with careful consideration regarding medication and surgery as discussed above, these patients may undergo incisional surgery with good outcomes for the patient with no risk to the fetus.
What's Known
* There is a dearth of data on the safety and effectiveness of incisional glaucoma procedures in pregnant glaucoma patients.
* Pregnant patients with glaucoma and uncontrolled intraocular pressure my undergo glaucoma surgery (trabeculectomy or shunt surgery) to prevent irreversible optic nerve damage.
* Incisional glaucoma surgery in pregnancy may confer good outcomes for the patient with no risk to the fetus.
Conflict of Interest: None declared.
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Mohammad Reza Razeghinejad [1], MD; Masoumeh Masoumpour [1], MD; Mohammad Hossein Eghbal [2], MD; Jonathan S. Myers [3], MD; Marlene R. Moster [3], MD
[1] Poostchi Eye Research Center, Poostchi Clinic, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
[2] Department of Anesthesiology, Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;
[3] Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Institute, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, USA
Mohammad Reza Razeghinejad, MD; Department of Ophthalmology, Khlaili Hospital, Poostchi Clinic, Zand Street, Zip Code: 71936-16642, Shiraz, Iran
Tel/Fax: +98 71 36291779
Email: razeghinejad@yahoo.com
Revised: 14 April 2015
Table 1: Food and Drug Administration's classification of selected
anti-glaucoma medications and potential side effects in pregnancy
FDA's Reported effect in animal
classification studies
Preservative of C * Dose-related increase in
medications, BAK fetal resorption and death
and minor sternal defects
Beta-blockers C
Oral C Forelimb anomalies (18)
Topical C Fetal vertebral body
malformations and decrease
fetal weights (dose 31
times) (20,21)
Prostaglandin analogs
Latanoprost C Dead fetus (dose 80 times)
Travoprost C Teratogen (dose 250 times)
Bimatoprost C Reduced duration of
gestation and increased
incidence of dead fetus
(dose 41 times) (25)
Parasympathomimetics
Pilocarpine C Teratogen (26)
Echothiophate iodide
Sympathomimetic
Non-selective B ** Congenital cataract (2)
Brimonidine B No fetal damage (29)
Fixed-combination C
Anti-glaucoma
Fixed-Combination C (31) As each component of the
Timolol/dorzolamide drug
Timolol/brimonidine drug
Reports of side effects in human
Preservative of
medications, BAK
Beta-blockers A case with cardiac conduction
disorder. Arrhythmia and
bradycardia (resolved after
stopping the drug) (15)
Systemic use: Intrauterine
growth restriction and
persistent beta-blockade in the
Impairment of respiratory
control in the neonate, lethargy
and confusion (16,17)
Oral Single case of sacrococcygeal
teratoma (has not been
substantiated by others) (19)
Latanoprost A case of miscarriage in a 46-
year-old woman that seems to be
due to her reproductive risk
related to her advance age, not
the drug (23)
Travoprost
Pilocarpine Signs mimicking meningitis in
the newborn (27)
Echothiophate iodide Suppression of the infant's
pseudocholinesterase
Non-selective Systemic: Delays the second
stage of labor or cause a
prolonged period of uterine
atony with hemorrhage
Topical: Local side effects and
a high rate of systemic side
effects (28)
Brimonidine In infants has central nervous
system effects (30)
Fixed-combination --
Fixed-Combination
Timolol/dorzolamide
Timolol/brimonidine
* Uncertain safety, with no human studies and animal studies showing
adverse effect; ** Presumed safety based on animal studies
Table 2: Food and Drug Administration's category and potential
complications of medications used topically after glaucoma surgery
Drug FDA's Reported Side Effects in
Classification Animal Studies
Dexamethasone C *
Prednisolone C Developmental and teratogenic
effect, cleft lip and palate,
and sex organ abnormalities
Erythromycin B **
Polymyxin C
Aminoglycoside D *** Hearing loss and
nephrotoxicity (48)
Sulfonamide C Cleft palate and other bony
abnormalities (48)
Fluoroquinolone C No teratogenic effects,
decreased body weight, and
delayed skeletal development
Tetracycline D
Chloramphenicol C
Atropine C
Drug Reported Side Effects of Systemic
Use during Pregnancy
Dexamethasone Leukocytosis in infants with in
utero exposure to systemic use
Prednisolone Increase in the risk of
stillbirth, intrauterine growth
retardation, and adrenal
insufficiency (47)
Polymyxin
Sulfonamide Hyperbilirubinemia (48)
Fluoroquinolone Arthropathy (48)
Tetracycline Discoloration of the primary
teeth (after the third month of
pregnancy) (48)
Chloramphenicol Gray baby syndrome (Topical usage
is safe.) (48)
Atropine Probability of an effect on the
fetal heart rate (49)
adverse effect; ** Presumed safety based on animal studies; ***
Unsafe; Evidence of risk that in certain clinical circumstances may be
COPYRIGHT 2016 Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Title Annotation:
Razeghinejad, Mohammad Reza; Masoumpour, Masoumeh; Eghbal, Mohammad Hossein; Myers, Jonathan S.; Mos
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
Clinical report
Geographic Code:
7IRAN
Association between serum Vitamin D level and glycemic and inflammatory markers in non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Auditory brainstem response wave amplitude characteristics as a diagnostic tool in children with speech delay with unknown causes.
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Robin Van Persie Joins United
It seems that the Robin Van Persie transfer saga is finally coming to an end. News filtered out from the Emirates today that RVP is set to join Manchester United for a fee of around £22m, subject to a medical at Old Trafford on Thursday morning.
The announcement was confirmed when United released a statement on it’s website manutd.com: ‘Manchester United is pleased to announce it has reached agreement with Arsenal Football Club for the transfer of Robin Van Persie.’
‘The deal is subject to a medical and the agreement of personal terms. A further announcement will be made in due course.’
The news has United fans salivating at the prospect of watching the Premier Leagues two leading goal scorers, Wayne Rooney and Robin Van Persie, side-by-side at Old Trafford in the coming season. Between them they scored a total of 57 league goals in last year’s title race and many are hoping for a repeat over the next few months.
The signing of RVP signals Manchester United’s determination to wrestle back the Premier League trophy from neighbours Manchester City. But it’s Arsenal fans who will be wondering how their club can bounce back from losing it’s talismanic captain.
With the start of the 2012/13 Premier League only days away, Arsene Wenger will be hoping that his team can avoid a repeat of the disastrous start to the campaign they suffered in 2011/12 season which included a run of poor performances that culminated in the 8-2 thrashing at the hands of Alex Ferguson.
News of the RVP signing was quickly reflected by the bookies who cut United’s odds on winning the league. No doubt Van Persie will be hoping he can emulate the success of striker Teddy Sheringham, who left the capital to join United in June 1997 and went on to win the triple in 1999.
You can view Premier League outright winners odds below. However, you’d need to be a brave man to bet against Alex making it title number 20!
August 15, 2012 /by TheGameHunter
Tags: Manchester United F.C.
https://www.thegamehunter.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/united-rvp.jpg 350 620 TheGameHunter https://www.thegamehunter.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/game2018.png TheGameHunter2012-08-15 21:24:122020-03-20 11:42:47Robin Van Persie Joins United
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Home Locations “The Chickasaw Rancher” Begins Filming in Oklahoma
“The Chickasaw Rancher” Begins Filming in Oklahoma
TheHollywoodTimes.today
The Oklahoma Film + Music Office (OF+MO) and the Chickasaw Nation are pleased to announce the start of principal photography this week for the feature film “The Chickasaw Rancher” in Oklahoma. Among the film’s locations is the Chickasaw Ranch in the Davis area with additional filming to take place throughout the state.
A project of Chickasaw Nation Productions, “The Chickasaw Rancher” shares the story of one of the most colorful personalities of the 19th century – Chickasaw rancher Montford T. Johnson. Orphaned at a young age, Johnson survived great hardships and tragedy to establish a vast ranching empire along the famous cattle highway of the American West, the Chisholm Trail. Inspired by recounts of Johnson’s life, the film will tell of his time among settlers, cowboys, Indian fighters, bandits and fur traders. Armed with a Colt revolver and dreams of a better life, Johnson had the grit, determination and courage that was needed to tame what seemed an infinite wilderness, while always maintaining respect for the Native people who lived there.
“The Chickasaw Rancher” emphasizes diversity in casting with more than 10 tribes represented in speaking roles. In fact, minority roles constitute more than 60% of the speaking roles in the movie which will be directed by Nathan Frankowski, whose previous credits include “To Write Love On Her Arms” as well as “Te Ata”, which was also produced by Chickasaw Nation Productions in Oklahoma.
Paul Sirmons, an independent filmmaker with a career covering 36 years, has been hired as producer of “The Chickasaw Rancher”. Sirmons also served as both the producer for the Chickasaw Nation film “Te Ata” and the Film and Entertainment Commissioner in Florida.
“It is a great pleasure to be working with the Oklahoma Film Commission, the Chickasaw Nation and the people of Oklahoma again,” said Sirmons. “Oklahoma is a wonderful place to make movies. It offers a wide variety of great locations, a skilled workforce and a number of talented actors. Filming here is even more attractive because of the rebate program which allows us to tell (and reveal) this Native American story in his native lands.”
“The Chickasaw Rancher” will utilize the Oklahoma Film Enhancement Rebate Program administered by the Oklahoma Film & Music Office. This is the third film produced by the Chickasaw Nation to qualify for the program.
“We’re thrilled to be once again working with Paul Sirmons and the Chickasaw Nation on their latest feature film,” said OF+MO Director Tava Maloy Sofsky. “The Oklahoma Film Enhancement Rebate has been a crucial factor in allowing our state to play a key role both on and off screen as the Nation seeks to preserve and share its indigenous stories with film audiences.”
Chickasaw Nation Governor Bill Anoatubby said film production is part of the Nation’s effort to tell the story of the Chickasaw people.
“Montford Johnson’s life story helps illustrate the important role Chickasaw people have played shaping American history and culture,” said Governor Anoatubby. “His remarkable legacy of helping others in their time of need, entrepreneurialism and diplomacy blazed a trail we can all appreciate. We believe sharing this story of his strong Chickasaw spirit will enable us to expand on his legacy and develop an even stronger sense of community.”
The vast ranching operation Johnson created, beginning in 1868, led to the establishment of a half-dozen Oklahoma towns and communities and was one of the first successful examples of large-scale ranching in Indian Territory.
About Oklahoma Film + Music Office
Created in 1979, The Oklahoma Film + Music Office (OF+MO) strives to share all that Oklahoma has to offer by welcoming filmmakers and music professionals to the state and by creating a network of support to develop Oklahoma’s film and music industries. For more information about the Oklahoma Film Enhancement Rebate Program or the Oklahoma Film + Music Office please visit www.okfilmmusic.org.
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Valerie Milano is the well-connected Senior Editor and TV Critic at TheHollywoodTimes.Today, a showbiz/promotions aggregate mainly for insiders. She has written for Communications Daily, Hollywood Today, Television International, and Video Age International plus freelanced for others. Valerie donates and works closely with the Human Rights Campaign (Fed Club Council Member), GLSEN, Outfest, NCLR, LAMBDA Legal and the Desert Aids Project. She is a member of the Los Angeles Press Club. Milano loves meeting people and does so in her fave getaway Palm Springs as a member of the Palm Springs Museum of Art and the Old Las Palmas area community member. For years Valerie was a board member and one of the chief organizers for the Television Critics Association’s press tours. The tours take place twice a year in Beverly Hills/Pasadena.
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More than 1,000 foreigners nabbed for immigration violations
/ Sat, May 9, 2015 / 02:47 pm
The Immigration Directorate General nabbed more than 1,000 foreigners for immigration violations during nationwide, three-day sting to enforce immigration law that lasted from Tuesday to Thursday.
Foreigners were arrested for visa and work permit violations, illegal entry and using fictitious sponsors, head of the investigation subdirectorate, Bambang Catur, announced on Friday.
He added that Chinese nationals made up the bulk of those arrested, which also included British, German, South Korean and Bangladeshi nationals.
The Manokwari Immigration Office nabbed the most foreigners, at 342, followed by the Tual Immigration Agency, which arrested 130 people, and the Depok Immigration Office, which nabbed 80 people.
Catur said the operation, which would be held quarterly, involved 120 immigration offices across the country to monitor foreigners entering and those who were already in the country.
The monitoring involves border control management, enabling immigration offices to track foreigners' movement across Indonesia, as well as monitoring the foreigners monitoring information system (PORA), which allows the public to file reports to immigration offices on the presence of suspicious foreigners.
The security measure was considered urgent, especially with the government's plan to waive visas for more than 30 countries.
"Our intention is not to spy on foreigners, but to make sure they abide by the law," Catur said.
Indonesia plans to extend a visa-free policy to a host of countries, including China, Japan, South Korea and Russia in the first stage, before adding 30 more countries, including Canada, Mexico and the US, in a second stage.
The plan is still being discussed, as the Immigration Law stipulates that such visa-waiver practice must be done on a reciprocal basis.
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Data problems cast shadow over Indonesia's ambitious vaccine drive
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In farewell video, Melania Trump says be passionate, but not violent
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Prabowo declares victory, again
Made Anthony Iswara
Jakarta / Thu, April 18, 2019 / 07:27 pm
A screen capture from a video of presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto (center), flanked by running mate Sandiaga Uno, declaring his victory for the second time despite the contradictory results of quick counts from 12 survey institutions. (JP/-)
Presidential contender Prabowo Subianto declared victory again over the incumbent Joko "Jokowi" Widodo on Thursday evening — but this time, he was not alone.
He proclaimed victory alongside his running mate Sandiaga Uno, Democratic Party secretary general Hinca Pandjaitan and National Mandate Party (PAN) patron Amien Rais, who had all been absent during Prabowo’s first declaration on Wednesday evening.
“I declare victory along with Sandiaga Uno as president and vice president for the 2019-2024 period based on [our lead of] 64 percent of the vote in the real count that we have recapitulated,” Prabowo said.
His supporters who packed the team's basecamp on Jl. Kertanegara in South Jakarta cheered loudly and shouted his name. Prabowo also asked his supporters to shout Allahu Akbar (God is Great) with him.
“We have declared this victory earlier than [the final results] because we have evidence of various wrongdoings in numerous villages, subdistricts and districts across Indonesia.”
Read also: Jokowi: World leaders congratulate me
Twelve survey institutions have released their well-publicized quick count results and all consistently show that Jokowi and his running mate Ma'ruf Amin are leading with between 54 and 55 percent, while Prabowo and Sandiaga are trailing behind with between 44 and 45 percent.
Similar to the previous declaration, he also urged his supporters to avoid “overreacting” to his declarations, as he said the claimed victory was a chance for each side to strengthen the bonds between them.
Sandiaga, Hinca and Amien were standing close to him but they did not make a speech.
At around the same time, Jokowi also held a speech on Thursday evening, saying that 13 state leaders had congratulated “all Indonesians, as well as Jokowi and Ma’ruf” for the success of the general election.
While the incumbent has yet to explicitly rebuke his rival’s repeated victory declaration, Jokowi told reporters that the congratulations for Ma’ruf and him were “special”.
Prabowo first claimed victory on Wednesday at his base camp in Jakarta upon receiving information that he had won the race with 62 percent of the vote based on an internal “real count” of over 320,000 polling stations across Indonesia.
Researcher Burhanuddin Muhtadi from Indikator Politik Indonesia said in a discussion panel on TVOne right after Prabowo's second declaration that collecting data from 320,000 polling stations across the country within a day was impossible. (evi)
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(First published April 28th, 2014)
So it appears that the winter that wouldn't let go is finally letting go. This is what happens when Mother Nature and Old Man Winter shack up together, do shots off of each other's bellies (not as sexy as it sounds) and proceed and to go on a drunken rampage.
But, like a train filled with mounds of candy floss, all things must come to an end. Luckily for you I had a chance to sit down and have a final word with the Last Ice of Winter. This is what three feet of January ice turns into in April (Oh, and I apologize for Infinitesimally lowering the water level of Head Lake to produce this story).
Charlie: So you've had quite the year...
Last Ice Of Winter (LIOW): Yeah, it's been one of those years Grandpa used to talk about. No one did hypothermia better than he did but we were close this year.
Charlie: You take great pride in wreaking havoc then?
LIOW: Fuck yeah. I'm not hear to make friends. If you're built to lift weights you lift weights. Nothing makes my day more than seeing a car veer into the ditch and knowing I played a small part in it.
Charlie: So it's not just something as simple as this Polar Vortex explanation we keep hearing about then?
LIOW: Sure, you can believe that shit if you want to. If it makes you sleep better to think this is some sort of planetary mumbo jumbo then so be it. Truth is, we were in Super Ninja mode this year. We put the "win" back in "winter."
Charlie: You weren't just affecting traditional areas this year. You were widespread.
LIOW: Back in late October we broke camp feeling good about ourselves and we felt we could have a big year. It's not just me. It was a team effort. I mean you just mention "blizzard" now and people crap their pants. He's back, baby. Our mantra this year was to be badder than an STD.
Charlie: You really messed with the Eastern seaboard and the Deep South.
LIOW: I know. Did you see some of those videos from Georgia where people were abandoning their cars on the Interstate? I mean there was like a half inch of snow and they were running around like they were waiting for polar bear attacks.
Charlie: Any other highlights this year?
LIOW: Shit, there are so many. (Pauses) I guess how thick we got on some lakes has to be right up there. I mean, we were touching bottom since November. Touching bottom, man. That's epic. Fish were making exit strategies.
Charlie: At any point did you feel any sort of remorse, like people had suffered enough?
LIOW: At one point this kid was bawling that he couldn't feel his toes and for a moment I thought: What am I doing here? But then I thought: What about his hands? They're still OK and he hasn't said a fucking word about them. Little shit's never happy. So then I just got back to work. I'll tell you though, he was sure as hell wearing thick boots the next time I saw the little bastard.
Charlie: So you think humans are pussies then?
LIOW: Not all of them. I mean there was this one dude - wore a kilt till late December. I did all I could but I couldn't get to him. Tough dude.
Charlie: Maybe he's nuts.
LIOW:Whatabout his nuts?
Charlie: I said maybe he's crazy.
LIOW: With balls made out of thick wool too it would seem.
Charlie: So how do you want to be remembered?
LIOW: Someone who gave his all. Someone who terrorized humanity without prejudice of any kind. Chinese, Iraqis, Greeks, Aboriginals, I don't give a shit about where you come from or what your skin colour is. Actually, check that. I do care what colour your skin is. Hopefully all blue. And stiff. (Laughs)
Charlie: I can honestly say you've definitely left your mark this year. I'd imagine that makes you smile?
LIOW: (no response)
Charlie: I said you'll go down in history as a real shit kicker. Does that make you feel good!?
(Editor's note: Interview ended suddenly. Nothing left but a pool of water.)
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Traditions - General Info Section
Valentines Day - Saint Valentin - Tradition
Valentinus of Rome
Valentines Day - St-Valentin in French - is the celebration of Love.
Millions of people throughout the world indeed give gifts to their loved-ones on that day.
The Church of Rome, the Anglicans and Lutherans celebrate Saint Valentin or Valentines Day on February 14.
However, the origin of this celebration goes back to the Pagan times.
Valentinus was a Christian martyr and lived in Rome.
He was jailed around 270AD for helping other Christians to escape persecution and carrying out clandestine weddings for soldiers.
Indeed, Roman soldiers were not allowed to marry, because Emperor Claudius believed that married men couldn't make good soldiers!
And any Christian sacrament was anyway outlawed by the Roman Empire.
Hearts in trees to celebrate Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day heart decoration
Heart, the symbol of Love
The legend has it that Valentinus was the first to use the 'Heart' symbol.
He indeed gave newlyweds a piece of parchment, cut out in the shape of a heart and inscribed with the registration of their vows.
According to legend, he also started the tradition of sending a greeting card.
It all started when he healed the blind daughter of his jailer.
The jailer and his extensive family saw in this miracle the revelation of God and converted to Christianity.
The legend also mentions that Valentinus fell in love with the young girl, who by then had recovered her sight and could read.
So before his execution, on February 14, he sent her a farewell note signed “from your Valentine”.
Cupid, the little winged Roman God of Desire, Affection and Love, is also associated with Valentine's Day.
He is known in Latin as Amor and in Greek as Eros, and his cult is most likely related to ancient Pagan rituals.
Hearts wreath
Pagan Festivals of Fertility of Lupercalia and Juno Februa
Ancient rites were too deeply rooted to be eradicated in a generation or two, so the Church of Rome superimposed its own celebrations on them.
It's therefore no coincidence that St.Valentine has been celebrated on February 14 since the 5th century AD.
For ancient Greeks, February was indeed a month largely dedicated to a Pagan festival of Fertility and Love.
In the Attic Calendar (the calendar used in Attica - Ancient Athens) the month running from mid-January to mid-February was known as Gamelion.
It was dedicated to the celebration of the marriage of Zeus (the Father of Gods and Men) and Hera (the Goddess of Marriage and Women).
Romans later celebrated their pastoral and fertility Festival of Lupercalia on February 13-14-15 in order to appease all evil spirit and bring health and fertility.
This festival was also known as Februa and left its name to the month of February.
In Roman mythology Lupercus was the God of Shepherds.
He was often associated to Faunus, the horned god of the forest, plain and fields who made cattle fertile.
His Greek counterpart was Pan.
Nude young men conducted the celebrations of fertility.
They wore little more than a goat-skin and spanked the bums of young women with goat-skin whips…in order to initiate fertility.
Lupercalia was only celebrated in Rome.
The Festival of Juno Februa (Juno the purifier or the chaste), however, was celebrated in most regions on February 13-14.
Heart-shaped cookies
Valentines Day in the Middle-Ages
Valentine became associated with Courtly Love during the Middle Ages.
Chaucer indeed wrote a poem about St. Valentine in his Parlement of Fowls in order to celebrate the engagement of King Richard II of England to Anne of Bohemia (1381):
"For this was on Saint Valentine’s Day,
When every fowl cometh there to choose his mate.”
On Valentines Day 1400, a High Court of Love was opened in Paris in order to deal with marriage contracts, divorces, infidelity and domestic violence.
In 1415 the French Duke Charles of Orléans complied with the tradition and wrote a letter on Valentines Day to the lady he loved.
He was in the Tower of London, where he had been jailed after the defeat of Agincourt.
The trend developed very quickly; by the 15th century people had also developed the tradition of giving flowers and small presents to their loved-one on Valentines Day.
From Shakespeare to modern era
Even Shakespeare mentioned Valentine’s Day in his Hamlet when Ophelia laments:
"To-morrow is Saint Valentine’s Day,
All in the morning bedtime,
And I a maid at your window,
To be your Valentine”
In the late 18th century, printers started to print greetings cards with little poems and sketches.
These largely contributed to the popularity of Valentines Day tradition, which has kept growing and thriving since to become the universal celebration of Love.
In 1913, Hallmark produced their first Valentines Day greeting card.
Fortunately, the rise of the Internet has not yet deterred people from sending cards as they are still more personal and meaningful than an email!
Lovers also flock to Paris to celebrate Valentines Day and seal their eternal love by placing love locks on the many bridges of the city.
Traditions - General Info - Latest content
January 12 2020
Express train RER from CDG Airport to Paris
Traditions – General Info Section Express train RER from CDG Airport to Paris [wce_code id=1] Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris in 30mn by the express RER train link The express train link RER is the second most popular means of transport from CDG airport to Paris after the taxi. It’s also fast and good […]
January 9 2020
New Year greeting cards tradition in France
Sending greeting cards is a tradition that originated in Asia centuries ago and became popular in England and France in the mid-19th century
March 30 2019
How to get to Paris from Charles de Gaulle Airport
Discover how to get to Paris from Charles de Gaulle Airport using one of the three main means of transport, taxi, fast train RER and bus
Buses from Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris
Direct buses from Charles de Gaulle Airport to Paris are a fast and economical means of transport while standard public buses are the cheapest but slowest
Filed under: Traditions General Information
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Trebuchet Magazine| 05/03/2013| News
Feed Your Mind: King’s Brings the Yum
More PhDs than a senior common room on test match day, with a solid showing from the medical and psychology departments suggesting that this is set to be an event of genuine scholarship and expertise, rather than the thin gruel served on the likes of Radio Four’s Kitchen Cabinet
Yeah, yeah. The event that will be seen on all the listings pieces is bound to be Clive Page and Mark Miodownik’s lecture on the science of chocolate.
That’s the poster shot, the coquette showing just a little too much cleavage, the screamer headline.
But delve a little deeper into the programme and there are some debates and talks there with an appeal that is much less obvious, and a deal more robust.
Marching On Their Stomachs: A Military History of Food
Does Healthy Eating Cost More?
The Impact Of Diet On The Brain And Mental Health
and what is bound to be a popular seminar:
Whisky Galore! An Historical And Practical Introduction To Scotch Whisky.
Better than all that though, are the credentials of the speakers. More PhDs than a senior common room on test match day, with a solid showing from the medical and psychology departments suggesting that this is set to be an event of genuine scholarship and expertise, rather than the thin gruel served on the likes of Radio Four’s Kitchen Cabinet (‘Why of course you can curry spaghetti bolognaise! Think of it as fusion food. Anything goes, eh?)’
Trebuchet recommends.
FEED YOUR MIND
KING’S COLLEGE LONDON UNIVERSITY
FESTIVAL OF FOOD AND IDEAS
7-22 MARCH 2013
Food is one of the defining global issues of our time: what are we eating? How does it reach our plates? Is there enough of it? It’s also one of the oldest pleasures we crave. It is not surprising then that food is related in some way to much of the research at King’s College London.
The King’s College London Festival of Food & Ideas is a feast of free public events designed to showcase the latest thinking covering science, arts and the humanities and exploring themes as diverse as the science of chocolate, the taste of whisky, food and war, food addictions, food labelling, the medicinal properties of Chinese cuisine, superfoods, the medieval diet, food security, and much more.
Held at lunchtimes and early evenings, amongst 25 events (held at the Strand campus, the Guy’s Hospital campus and the Institute of Psychiatry), the festival includes:
Debates & discussions: food security, the cost of healthy eating, sustainability of slow food, politics of food labelling, ethics of consumer choice and food addictions
Presentations: the science of chocolate, what your saliva says about you, the cult of celebrity chefs, the medieval diet and more
Speakers are recognised experts and public communicators in their fields. These include Tom Sanders, speaking here on the true cost of healthy eating; Alan Maryon-Davis on the politics of food labelling; and Clive Page and Mark Miodownik exploring the science, history and sensations of a globally prized delicacy… chocolate.
Join us for a series of events designed to stimulate the neurons, tickle the pleasure centres and excite the taste buds.
King’s is involved in an astonishing range of research connected in some way with food, and the festival gives our experts the opportunity to share the fruits of their work with the public in an informative and entertaining way. Chris Coe, Director of Public Engagement, King’s College London
Time is Tights : London Super Comics Convention
Tracey get it down ya.
Tasting the Statue
Sticking It To The Lord
Hot News: The ‘Like Illegal Drugs’ Effects of Chilli Peppers
Buzz, Feed? Keeping up with the Bees
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Altitude 32
Amplitude8
Amplitude8m
Altitude48ext
Magnitude 32
ST2-HiFi
La Remote
ST2 Pro
D-MON
MC Pro
Ovation2
Trinnov Audio
User Case
Pro Audio Users
My Trinnov
Len Wallis Audio
First established in 1978, Len Wallis Audio is located in an expansive interactive showroom, office and warehousing complex in Lane Cove’s shopping precinct on Sydney’s North Shore Australia. LWA is a multi-award winning company comprising of management, sales consultants, project managers, installers and AutoCAD draftsman, picking up award year after year for their custom work, including Best International Integrator by Crestron and CEDIA Dealer of the Year.
We interviewed Alberto Vangi, Len Wallis Audio senior sales & design consultant, regarding one of his most recent and special cinema project’s to date, built to perfection by multi award winning Sydney builder Joe Fuda of Innovative Building Services.
WHICH WERE THE CHALLENGES AND OBJECTIVES INHERENT TO THIS HIGH-END HOME CINEMA SET-UP?
The challenges were that we first had a room which had a complete glass wall, as the right glass wall, when looking at the screen. The owner wanted to show off the house from the outside too. So the owner agreed to build custom made pillars to allow for the three side speakers to go into, which would line up in with each row. We then used heavy curtains for acoustics and to block out the light. They are also motorised and can easily be opened to allow natural light when required to enter the room. The other challenge was that we did not have a curtain running from the front to the back at the owner’s request. So the symmetric acoustic balance would require Trinnov’s magic audio compensation model to fix this, which it did. As we also had three rows and a limit to how high our ceiling could be, the owner had to build a custom-made raked central higher ceiling at the back section of the room.
CAN YOU ELABORATE MORE ON THE SPEAKER LAYOUT ?
With speaker placement critical we found a perfect balance for the Dolby Atmos to be in the lower part of the rake ceiling and above the seating positions facing the screen, which worked really well. With the sheer size of the room I found that to avoid having empty areas of sound, that quite a few speakers would be needed to bring the cinema sound experience to life. So we went with three front as normal being left, center and right. What we then did have is Auro 3D upper left, center and right forming six speakers behind the screen. This also provided quite an effect with such a deep and spacious room size. With four sub woofers at the front and four at the rear, 8 Dolby Atmos and eight surrounds, the challenge we had was how to have this many speakers so that each channel could be discrete. And that’s where Trinnov came into the picture. And it was the best decision ever.
WHY DID YOU PICK THE ALTITUDE 32 AS THE PROCESSOR FOR THIS LUXURY HOME CINEMA?
Having provided a slight introduction to the reason why Trinnov was chosen, the reasons were endless, where I will stick to the key reasons for the moment. Firstly we had many speakers to account for, 30 in our case, whereby the Altitude having 32 channels ticked this first box for us. Then we had to factor in the acoustics of the room and the Trinnov’s capability in being able to brilliantly calibrate the sound via its 3D Microphone is absolutely unique. The sound created by the flexibility and pure accuracy of the Trinnov was absolutely magic. Hence, the grant from the French government and the fact that Trinnov is not only being used in many of the world’s best home cinemas but also commercial cinemas really says so much about the product’s capability. Being such a highly technical product, can I also add the support, enthusiasm, and knowledge shown by the whole team in France was so professional, I cannot recommend them more highly. They sure live up the product’s worldwide exceptional reputation.
HOW WAS THE RESPONSE FROM THE CLIENT TO THE SONIC OF THE FINAL PROJECT?
Words like “this is so much better than being at the cinemas” are relayed continuously to me. They are also hearing the same words from all their friends and guests. The owners also tell me time and time again “we spend virtually every chance they have in the cinema and absolutely love it”. Also, saying “we very rarely use any of their other 12 TV’s”.
This particular project is an exceptional one, to say the least, where the client was invited to hear one of my previous cinema project’s and said “I want the same after having experienced this other cinema”. After having seen this client’s own room, being over 2.5 times larger in volume, I felt in every way, it was my duty not to rush into this project with the previous words as guided by the client. Instead, a professional approach was taken to carefully determine what the solution I should be presenting to the client, based on the room size and their love of movie, sport, gaming, TV, and concert watching to name a few. I was able to move forward and provide a truly special result for the client. With Trinnov delivering an absolute masterpiece of surround sound quality. A magic part of the cinema. Thank you Trinnov.
in Trinnov High-End, Uncategorized, User case
Trinnov Audio designs and manufactures preamplifiers and processors featuring exclusive loudspeaker/room optimization and 3D sound technologies for high-end Hi-Fi & Home Theaters, Professional Studios and Movie Theaters.
5, rue Edmond Michelet, Neuilly-Plaisance, FRANCE
contact@trinnov.com
Please, give us your email adress to receive the newsletter. You will receive a confirmation email.
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Jeep Tour of Carrara Marble Quarries in Tuscany
Europe Italy Tuscany
All Tuscany
See the Carrara Marble Quarries by Jeep
Martha Bakerjian
Martha Bakerjian is an Italian travel expert who uses her home in northern Tuscany as a base for her in-depth explorations of the country.
Carrara Marble Tour
The famous marble of Carrara has been quarried since Roman times and has long been a favorite of sculptors, including Michelangelo. Fantiscritti Marble Quarries, or cave (pronounced cah-vey), has a 50 minute 4x4 jeep tour that gives visitors a chance to get an inside look at the quarries and also includes a fantastic view from high above them.
If you're in the Carrara area of northern Tuscany, don't miss this experience.
Inside the Marble Mines of Carrara
Carrara Marble Tour takes you on a fascinating ride through the quarries for a close look at the marble cliffs and mines. Near the top, you'll get out and enjoy a spectacular view of the quarries, the city of Carrara, and the coast. This is a much higher point than you are allowed to drive to on your own.
Your guide will explain the history and uses of marble, the different types of marble, and how the quarries operate. You'll see a working section of the mine, as well as the site where several Austin Martin's went over the cliff during the filming of the James Bond movie, Quantum of Solace.
The interesting and scenic 50-minute tour is offered daily from March to November and is priced at 12 euros (as of 2019). A 3-4 hour option includes pick-up and drop-off from your nearby hotel, time to tour the town of Carrara, plus a special breakfast of local specialties, including lardo di Colonnata, which is seasoned pork fat. This tour is currently priced at 65 euros per person.
Carrara Marble Tour Details
Cave di Fantiscritti Carrara Marble Tour. Check the website for updated hours and prices or to book a tour.
The cost is 12 euros (as of 2019).
Tours are 50 minutes and can be taken in Italian, English, or French.
Note that during inclement weather, the mines are not in operation.
At the parking area of the quarry are a museum, gift shop, restaurant, and restrooms. In summer, there are mini-bus tours inside the mines.
From Carrara, follow signs for Cave and then Fantiscritti, going through a couple of marble tunnels.
If you have a car, it's possible to see some of the mining areas and visit the museum without taking a tour, although the tour is a highly recommended way to see the quarries close-up and is worth the price just for the amazing views.
Sightseeing Near the Carrara Marble Quarries
Very near the marble quarries is the picturesque mining town of Colonnata, famous for producing lardo. Colonnata is a good place to eat with several restaurant choices.
Carrara is in the part of northern Tuscany known as Versilia that includes the three main towns of Carrara, Massa, and Pietrasanta and a long stretch of coast where you'll find beaches and the seaside resort town of Viareggio, famous for its carnival parades.
The 9 Best Beaches and Coastal Areas in Tuscany
The Complete Guide to Visiting Siena
What to See and Do in Tuscany, Italy
The 15 Best Wineries in Tuscany
The Best Time to Visit Tuscany
Tuscany Off the Beaten Path Away from Tourist Crowds
A Guide to Airports in Tuscany
Where to Go to the Beach in Tuscany
Everything You Should Eat In the Tuscany Region of Italy
Explore Italy's Caves and Caverns
Pietrasanta: City of Artists in Northern Tuscany
The 9 Best Rome Tours of 2021
Capri Italy Guide: Planning Your Visit
The 10 Best Day Trips to Take From Taipei
Exploring Tuscany by Car, Train, Plane, Ferry & More
The 10 Best Day Trips from Naples
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La Grange Park, Illinois (United States)
Sighted on Thursday 30. April 2009
Reported on Saturday 12. September 2009
Shape: Star-like | Duration: Undisclosed
I had typed a full report but when I submitted it, the data had cleared because it told me I had forgotten to put my last name. Now I don't feeling like going into that much detail because I spent a lot of time on that and it had disappeared. To sum this up, it was night and I was walking my dog at 11:30 PM along Beach Ave. in La Grange Park and I stopped near the Cook County Highway Department. It was a perfectly clear night and I had looked up and saw an object in the sky at some distance North northwest of my position and it was bright and star-like. I had never seen anything like that and I knew what was in the sky because of my position so close to O'Hare airport. There was also commercial airliners outside the vicinity of it and imagined that the pilots and passengers could probably have a good view of it. It was very strange indeed but I didn't want to be anywhere close it. I watched it for about 15 minutes as it just hung there glowing brightly and looked around to see if anything else was going on in the sky at the same time. I hoped that there would be some kind of explanation of this like a flare or something. Just as that crossed my mind two fighter jets going around Mach 1 came screaming out of the left corner of my view and passed the object. I watched if the fighters had circled around but my vision was blocked by the tops of the trees in the forest nearby. When I had turned to watch the object again I got to see it for about 2 more minutes and it had suddenly winked out. I knew that night something was going down because Air Force fighter drills with flares are not usual around my parts and the jets came later than the glowing light so It couldn't have been a flare. I was way too bright and way too big. I tried to figure this out in my head as I walked my dog home. I am 18 years old and I had been living in the neighborhood most of my life but I hadn't seen anything like that and I had chills going up my spine for the rest of the night. I decided to post this because this has to coincide with a sighting report I found near my area in Chicago in 2007 where a man named Alex Newton reported a star-like objects over Lake Michigan while waiting for a Metra train in the city during a storm in which fighter jets had chased the objects away. I hadn't reported it because I feared criticism that I had got from my friends because of it and that people would think I was crazy or joking around. I was always skeptical of UFO's and things like that but this recent experience has made a believer out of me and I want to know the truth.
Orland Park 2020-10-12 Orb 15min
Huntley, Illinois (United States) 2020-06-04 Circle 00:08:00
Lombard, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-24 Disc 00:40:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-24 N, A 00:00:15
Ottawa, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-22 Tic Tac 00:00:05
McHenry, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-15 Circle 00:02:00
Mokena, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-15 Sphere 00:01:00
Tower Lakes, Illinois (United States) 2020-05-09 Cylinder 00:02:00
Lowell, Indiana (United States) 2020-05-06 Other 00:09:00
Crown Point, Indiana (United States) 2020-05-02 Other 02:00:30
Lockport, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-29 Circle 00:06:00
Leland, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:00:40
Michigan City, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Circle 00:02:00
Hebron, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:00:15
Lemont, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Star-like 00:02:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Fireball 03:00:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Bullet, Missile 00:00:10
Manteno, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-26 Circle 00:00:45
Dyer, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-26 Sphere 02:00:00
Waukegan, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-19 Oval 07:23:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-18 Circle 00:00:30
Homewood, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-16 Circle 00:01:00
Grayslake, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-09 Oval 00:10:40
Lake Village, Indiana (United States) 2020-04-09 Star-like 00:25:00
Homewood, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-09 Square, Rectangular 00:00:00
North Barrington, Illinois (United States) 2020-04-07 Oval 00:01:07
Hammond, Indiana (United States) 2020-03-29 Disc 00:02:00
Mount Prospect, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Unknown 00:35:00
Lake Villa, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Star-like 00:25:00
Lake Zurich, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Circle 00:10:00
Pingree Grove, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-21 Disc 04:00:00
Cicero, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-15 Boomerang 00:05:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-13 Unknown 00:30:00
Verona, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Circle 00:05:00
Riverside, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Circle 00:10:00
Des Plaines, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Flash 00:05:00
Libertyville, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-06 Star-like 00:30:00
Wauconda, Illinois (United States) 2020-03-05 Triangle 00:00:00
Racine, Wisconsin (United States) 2020-02-25 Circle 00:10:00
Harvard, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-24 Circle 00:06:00
Lake Villa, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-14 Circle 01:00:00
Johnsburg, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-11 Circle 00:05:00
Wheeling, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-08 Drumbell 00:00:45
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-02-02 Triangle 00:05:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-01-31 Other 00:00:05
60451 2020-01-19 Circular 1-10 minutes
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2020-01-15 Sphere 00:03:00
Marengo, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-27 Teardrop 00:00:07
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:10:00
Bolingbrook, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:20:00
Griffith, Indiana (United States) 2019-12-22 Circle 10:00:00
Downers Grove, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:06:00
Joliet, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:20:00
Palatine, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Unknown 00:10:00
De Motte, Indiana (United States) 2019-12-22 Star-like 00:10:00
Schaumburg, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-22 Circle 00:02:00
Crystal Lake, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-12 Triangle 00:05:00
Belvidere, Illinois (United States) 2019-12-11 Unknown 00:03:00
Chicago Ohare 2019-12-08 disk metallic 5 minutes
Campton Hills, Illinois (United States) 2019-11-28 Oval 00:00:05
Schaumburg, Illinois (United States) 2019-11-24 Star-like 00:15:00
Antioch, Illinois (United States) 2019-11-16 Sphere 00:03:00
Union Grove, Wisconsin (United States) 2019-10-24 Sphere 00:05:00
Kankakee, Illinois (United States) 2019-10-07 Tic Tac 00:00:08
Rosemont, Illinois (United States) 2019-10-05 Other 00:00:30
Gilberts, Illinois (United States) 2019-10-04 Drumbell 00:05:00
Morris, Illinois (United States) 2019-09-24 Disc 01:00:00
Ottawa, Illinois (United States) 2019-09-24 Oval 02:00:00
Ottawa, Illinois (United States) 2019-09-24 Circle 01:30:00
46342 Hobart,indiana 2019-09-23 V 30-40seconds
Willowbrook, Illinois (United States) 2019-09-08 Fireball 00:03:00
North Riverside, Illinois (United States) 2019-09-07 Other 00:03:00
Kankakee, Illinois (United States) 2019-08-29 Other 00:00:00
Round Lake, Illinois (United States) 2019-08-28 Disc 00:00:15
Palatine, Illinois (United States) 2019-08-25 Circle 00:31:00
Palatine, Illinois (United States) 2019-08-25 Sphere 00:35:00
Marseilles, Illinois (United States) 2019-08-24 Flash 10:00:00
La Porte, Indiana (United States) 2019-07-12 Other 00:00:00
Kenosha, Wisconsin (United States) 2019-05-19 Triangle 00:00:00
Mundelein, Illinois (United States) 2019-04-28 Sphere 00:40:00
West Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2019-04-21 Egg 00:03:00
Chicago, Illinois (United States) 2019-03-06 Egg 00:00:04
Oakbrook Terrace, Illinois (United States) 2019-03-05 Cigar 00:00:00
Cedar Lake, Indiana (United States) 2019-02-27 Unknown 03:00:00
Gary, Indiana (United States) 2019-02-15 Sphere 02:05:00
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Home ⇒ News ⇒ Rick Warren Speaks at 2011 Commencement
Rick Warren Speaks at 2011 Commencement
Apr 19, 2011 Sarah Heirendt 839 0 0
This year at Graduation, Vanguard will host Pastor Rick Warren of Saddleback Church as the main commencement speaker. Warren is the founder and head pastor of Saddleback Church in Lake Forest, the eighth largest Church in the United States. He has written numerous books, including “The Purpose Driven Church” and “The Purpose Driven Life,” which made him a New York Times bestselling author.
It was at an Assemblies of God conference in San Diego back in December 2010 that President Taylor first met Warren. While congratulating Vanguard’s successes and growth, he offered to speak at commencement. President Taylor said she was delighted at the prospect.
“We are honored to have Pastor Rick Warren share with our graduates on Saturday morning. We have many students and members of the Vanguard community that are part of the Saddleback church. More broadly, Pastor Warren has a voice and impact throughout the evangelical community, the nation, and has been a dear friend of the Assemblies of God. We welcome him and know that whatever he shares will be both inspiring and challenging for our graduates,” Taylor said.
Responses from the student community have ranged from impressed to unenthusiastic.
“One thing I like is his ability to connect with all people, not just Christians, I don’t feel threatened with having him as a speaker if I were to bring non-Christian friends and family. It will be interesting to see his message for the Christian community taking into consideration who his audience is,” senior Andrea Tsavahidis said.
However, others are not quite as enthused.
“Saddleback has many branches, each delivering the same passage, but creating a different message. Using multiple translations is manipulating and confusing,” junior James Lewis said.
While the content of his message is unknown, President Taylor feels positively about the proceedings.
“We will have a great celebration with all of our commencement events the first week of May,” Taylor said.
The graduation ceremony takes place Saturday, May 7 at 9:30 a.m. at Mariners Church in Irvine
Chemistry professor dies, leaves behind adoring students
School spirit soars under new student group, The Roar
Cover Up and Let Your Brains Show
Global Center for Women’s and Justice “Priceless Luncheon”
Bursting the Vanguard Bubble?
Increased Calories May Not Decrease Calorie Cravings
About Sarah Heirendt
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History News
More History News
Accomplishments: Department of History
Submit an Accomplishment
Carlos Dimas
Appointment/Election: Carlos Dimas
Carlos S. Dimas (History) was elected by his peers as secretary for the Teaching and Teaching Materials Committee of The Conference on Latin American History, the major organization of Latin American historians in the United States. He will serve as secretary for 2021-22, then serve as chair for 2022-23.
Susan Lee Johnson
Published: Susan Lee Johnson
Susan Lee Johnson (History) is the author of Writing Kit Carson: Fallen Heroes in a Changing West (University of North Carolina Press), a critical biography that braids lives together over time and space, telling tales of two white women who, in the 1960s, produced books about frontiersman Kit Carson — Quantrille McClung, a Denver librarian, and Kansas-born but Washington D.C.- and Chicago-based Bernice Blackwelder, who sang on stage and radio and worked for the CIA before starting to write. In...
Michelle Follette Turk
Published: Michelle Follette Turk
Michelle Follette Turk (History and Honors) has published a revised and expanded book, Gambling with Lives: A History of Occupational Health in Greater Las Vegas, a long-term study of health and safety in Southern Nevada, and the region's most catastrophic workplace disasters. Her research began as a dissertation at UNLV (Ph.D. History, 2011), and was funded by the 2010-11 President's UNLV Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
Susan Lee Johnson (History) has published a piece on recent controversies over monuments honoring the frontiersman Christopher "Kit" Carson. It appears in the online magazine We're History. Johnson is the Harry Reid Endowed Chair for the History of the Intermountain West.
A. B. Wilkinson
Published: A. B. Wilkinson
A. B. Wilkinson (History) published Blurring the Lines of Race and Freedom: Mulattoes and Mixed Bloods in English Colonial America with the University of North Carolina Press. This book investigates how people of mixed African, European, and Native American heritage (referred to as “mulattoes,” “mustees,” and “mixed bloods”) were integral to the construction of early ideas about race. Thousands of mixed-heritage people appear in English colonial records and Wilkinson’s book provides a clear and...
Jeff Schauer
Presentation: Jeff Schauer
Jeff Schauer (History) gave a presentation at the annual meeting of the African Studies Association — in virtual form this year. His paper, "Developing the National Herds: The Making of National-Era Wildlife Policy in Zambia, 1964-1974," explored how attempts to imagine a radical repurposing of ecology, debates, and negotiations around overlapping uses of national parks, and backroom negotiations with rogue chiefs and recalcitrant hunters represented alternative possibilities that emerged...
Presentation: William Bauer
William Bauer (History, American Indian and Indigenous Studies, American Indian Alliance) participated on a roundtable discussion, "A History of Hops in the Western World" at the second annual Beer Culture Summit, hosted virtually by the Chicago Brewseum. He discussed Indigenous Peoples who worked in the hop industry in Nevada, California, Oregon, and Washington.
Honors: History Department
History Department (Liberal Arts) has received the prestigious 2020 American Historical Association Equity Award. This award is given annually to an individual or institution demonstrating an exceptional record in the recruitment and retention of students and new faculty from racial and ethnic groups underrepresented within the historical professions. The institutional award to the department of history recognized a record that include such achievements as mentoring, program building,...
Iesha Jackson, Doris Watson, Marcie Gallo, and Claytee White
Presentation: Iesha Jackson, Doris Watson, Marcie Gallo, and Claytee White
Iesha Jackson (Teaching and Learning), Doris L. Watson (Educational Psychology and Higher Education), Marcie Gallo (History), and Claytee White (Oral History Center) gave their second of two peer review presentations on their collaborative project, Digging Deep and Branching Out: Using Oral History and Collaborative Inquiry to Explore Candidate Resilience and Craft Equitable Experiences for ARL Teachers of Color. The presentations were given at the Southwest Oral History Conference and the Oral...
Doris Morgan Rueda
Exhibition: Doris Morgan Rueda
Doris Morgan Rueda (History) is included in an online multimedia art project, "Without Borders, Sin Fronteras," curated by Veronica Aranda and Eduardo Parra. This virtual exhibit explores issues of immigration and migration and celebrates cross-cultural immigration experiences through poetry, film, music, and visual art. She is a doctoral candidate.
John Curry
Presentation: John Curry
John Curry (History) presented a paper at the annual conference of the Middle East Studies Association, which was held virtually this year. His paper, "The Extraordinary Life of Mezemorta Huseyin Pasha: Corsair, Captive, Dey and Admiral," sought to explain how marginal figures engaged in piracy in the early modern Mediterranean could sometimes rise to positions of great significance in the Ottoman Imperial Navy.
Alejandra Herrera
Grant: Alejandra Herrera
Alejandra Herrera (History) won the Western History Association Graduate Student Prize. The prize is designed to foster graduate student professional development and to enhance collegial citizenship within the organization. Herrera will use the research stipend to conduct research on the history Nevada, once it is safe to travel in spring 2021. She is a master's student.
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South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC)
Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Charleston Aquifer near Mount Pleasant, SC – an Update
Science Center Objects
The objective of the investigation is to use an existing, updated groundwater-flow model of the South Carolina Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units in the Mount Pleasant area created by Petkewich and Campbell to simulate current groundwater conditions and to include current planning goals developed by the Mount Pleasant Waterworks. The scope of the groundwater simulations will include the Coastal Plain aquifers underlying the Mount Pleasant area.
Problem Statement:
Figure 1. Map of Mt. Pleasant Waterworks wells in the Charleston aquifer
Mount Pleasant, South Carolina (SC) is located in the metropolitan Charleston, SC area (fig. 1), and has grown between 1960 and 2015 from a small town of about 7,000 persons to a city of about 78,000. This growth has increased demand on groundwater pumped from the Middendorf aquifer (currently called the Charleston aquifer, Campbell and Coes (2010)), about 1,800 to 2,000 feet (ft) below land surface, in the Mount Pleasant area. Mount Pleasant Waterworks (MPW), the town’s independent public works agency, has produced potable water from the Charleston aquifer since 1969 and operates 6 wells that produce groundwater from the Charleston aquifer. This groundwater has high dissolved solids and is treated at 4 reverse osmosis (RO) plants. The total capacity of groundwater that can be pumped and treated is about 7 million gallons per day (Mgal/D) (J. Ouellet, MPW, 2012, written commun.). In fiscal year 2012, the MPW distributed an average of 8 MGAL/D, where groundwater provided about 32 percent (2.2 Mgal/D) and treated surface water from the Charleston Water System provided the balance (5.8 Mgal/D).
Groundwater has been pumped from the Charleston aquifer by the City of Charleston, MPW and other users since development started in the late 1800s. There are presently a number of users of Charleston aquifer groundwater including MPW, Kiawah Island, private industry, Sullivan’s Island, and Isle of Palms. During this time, pumpage primarily by MPW and Kiawah Island to meet irrigation needs, past use by the Town of Summerville, and private industry has resulted in a deep, regional cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Charleston (fig. 2; Wachob, 2015).
Figure 2. Potentiometric map of Charleston, South Carolina
Groundwater levels have declined from about 126 feet (ft) above land surface in downtown Charleston prior to pumpage (Aucott and Speiran, 1985) to current (2015) groundwater levels of approximately 40 ft below land surface as measured in observation well CHN-14 and about 60 ft below land surface at BRK-431 both of which are open to the Charleston aquifer near Mount Pleasant (figs. 2 [inset] and 3).
A consequence of these regional declines in groundwater levels has been that Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester Counties have been designated by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) as a Capacity Use Area (CUA) (South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, 2001). In CUAs, groundwater withdrawals in excess of 3 million gallons per month must be permitted by and reported to the SCDHEC. A concern faced by current groundwater users in a CUA is that future regulations could be imposed to limit further increases in groundwater pumped from the Charleston aquifer.
This scenario of regional cone of depression, competing demands for groundwater within a CUA, and current and potential future increased demands on groundwater creates a concern for the MPW regarding the sustainability of groundwater pumped from the Charleston aquifer. As of 2015, pumping levels in the 6 MPW wells have been as low as approximately 400 ft below land surface and the decreasing groundwater levels result in pumps being lowered and higher costs for electricity incurred to lift water from these progressively deeper depths.
Figure 3a. Graph of groundwater level at observation well CHN-14
Figure 3b. Graph of groundwater level at observation well BRK-431
Objective and Scope:
The objective of the proposed investigation is to use an existing, updated groundwater-flow model of the South Carolina Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units in the Mount Pleasant area created by Petkewich and Campbell (2007) to simulate current groundwater conditions and to include current planning goals developed by MPW (C. Duffie, MPW, 2015, personal commun.). The scope of the groundwater simulations will include the Coastal Plain aquifers underlying the Mount Pleasant area. The simulation period of the model will be from about 2015 to 2045 in the future determined by discussions with the MPW. The results of these investigations will be documented in a peer-reviewed USGS Scientific Investigations Report.
Task 1: Inclusion of Recent Groundwater Data into Model
Task 2: Update Model and Run New Simulations
Scenarios:
a. Maximize current reverse-osmosis plant capacity: Simulate current wellfield maximum pumping of 8.5 Mgal/d to 2045 with no variation in annual withdrawal rates;
b. Maximize current well capacity: Increase withdrawal rates from 9.0 Mgal/d in 2015 to 10.5 Mgal/d for the period of 2020-2045. The increase from 9.0 to 10.5 Mgal/d will be applied in 20-percent increments each year from 2016 to 2020;
c. Minimize Charleston Water System (Surface-Water Source) Purchases: Add 2 new Charleston aquifer wells in 2020 capable of pumping 1,100 gallons per minute. The increase in withdrawals from 9.0 to 10.5 Mgal/d will be applied in 20-percent increments each year from 2016 to 2020. And then from 10.5 to 12.5 Mgal/d from 2020 – 2025; also at 20-percent increments.
d. Minimize Reverse-Osmosis / Well Usage: Seasonal variations in pumping rates based on historical MPW demand will be used. Total pumping will be incrementally increased from 6 Mgal/d in 2015 to 8.5 Mgal/d in 2045.
Task 3: Publication
A USGS Scientific Investigations Report will be published to document the revisions to the groundwater-flow model.
Status - Active
Explore More Science:
Water Availability and Use
Groundwater Contamination
The primary products of this investigation include:
All model datasets and model computer files (provided upon the completion of the project)
Project findings published in a USGS Scientific Investigations Report
Below are publications associated with this project.
Filter Total Items: 4
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National Field Manual for the Collection of Water-Quality Data. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Book 9
The mission of the Water Resources Discipline of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is to provide the information and understanding needed for wise management of the Nation's water resources. Inherent in this mission is the responsibility to collect data that accurately describe the physical, chemical, and biological attributes of water systems....
Attribution: Kansas Water Science Center, Water Resources
Groundwater availability in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina
The Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifers and confining units of North and South Carolina are composed of crystalline carbonate rocks, sand, clay, silt, and gravel and contain large volumes of high-quality groundwater. The aquifers have a long history of use dating back to the earliest days of European settlement in the late 1600s. Although extensive...
Campbell, Bruce G.; Coes, Alissa L.
Attribution: South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC), Water Resources, Water Availability and Use Science Program, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
Groundwater availability in the Atlantic Coastal Plain of North and South Carolina; 2010; PP; 1773; Campbell, Bruce G.; Coes, Alissa L.
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina--Predevelopment, 2004, and Predicted Scenarios for 2030
Heavy water use from the Cretaceous Middendorf aquifer in South Carolina has created a large, regional cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Middendorf aquifer in Charleston and Berkeley Counties, South Carolina. Water-level declines of up to 249 feet have been observed in wells over the past 125 years and are a result of ground-...
Petkewich, Matthew; Campbell, Bruce G.
Attribution: South Atlantic Water Science Center (SAWSC), Water Resources, Region 2: South Atlantic-Gulf (Includes Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands)
Hydrogeology and Simulation of Ground-Water Flow near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina--Predevelopment, 2004, and Predicted Scenarios for 2030; 2007; SIR; 2007-5126; Petkewich, Matthew D.; Campbell, Bruce G.
Potentiometric surfaces of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina prior to development
Characteristics of the Coastal Plains aquifers of South Carolina are being studied as a part of the Regional Aquifer Systems Analysis program of the U.S. Geological Survey. A framework has been developed to best represent the hydrology of the Coastal Plain aquifers by dividing them into a system of five aquifers. This framework includes a...
Aucott, Walter R.; Speiran, Gary K.
Potentiometric surfaces of the coastal plain aquifers of South Carolina prior to development; 1985; WRI; 84-4208; Aucott, Walter R.; Speiran, Gary K.
Below are partners associated with this project.
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Mount Pleasant Waterworks
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‘The Challenge: War of the Worlds’ Cast: Get to Know the 34 Competitors on Season 33
By Emily Longeretta
CT Tamburello, Ashley Mitchell, Theo Campbell and Julia Nolan. MTV
It’s safe to say that the 17 veterans of The Challenge are in for quite the challenge when they meet 17 new competitors, all from reality TV backgrounds. The Challenge: War of the Worlds features stars from The Bachelor, Ex on the Beach, Floribama Shore, Survivor, Big Brother and more.
'The Challenge' Greats: Where Are They Now?
In case you’re not caught up with those shows, we’re breaking down who’s who. Plus, here’s a refresher on the Challenge vets!
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TGIF! Top Instagrams Flicks of the Week
May 18, 2012 - 2:04 pm by Adelle Platon TWITTER
We're back for the second edition of favorite Instagram flicks for the week. As always, it's been a busy week with birthday celebrations, diamond rings and Throwback Thursdays (unless you partake in Flashback Friday like Kim Kardashian).
In case the past five days flew by you, let us bring it back -- HERE!
More on Vibe
Aaliyah during TNT Presents - A Gift of Song - New York - January 1, 1997 in New York City, New York, United States.
KMazur/WireImage
Fans Rally For Aaliyah's Discography To Be Released On Streaming Platforms
As another day passes without Aaliyah's music on streaming platforms, fans are looking for answers.
Over the weekend, the hashtag #FreeAaliyahMusic appeared on Twitter in light of song battles between Swizz Beats vs. Timbaland and Ne-Yo vs. Johnta Austin. The latter opponents played their collaborations with the late singer, proving Baby Girl's dynamic relevancy in the age of modern R&B. As songs like "I Don't Wanna" and "Come Over" picked up plays on YouTube, the hashtag pointed out the tragedy of her songs not existing on platforms like Spotify, Tidal and Apple Music.
Aaliyah's only album on multiple platforms is her 1994 debut, Age Ain't Nothing But A Number. Other albums like the platinum-selling One in A Million and Aaliyah are being held in a vault of sorts along with other unmixed vocals by her uncle and founder of Blackground Records, Barry Hankerson.
Hankerson has built up a mysterious yet haunting aura over the years due to his refusal to release Aaliyah's music on streaming platforms. Reasons are unknown but Stephen Witt's 2016 investigation revealed business deals like the shift in distribution from Jive Records to Atlantic helped Hankerson take ownership of the singer's masters. The deal was made in 1996 when Blackground featured artists like Aaliyah, Toni Braxton, R. Kelly, then-production duo Timbaland and Magoo as well as Missy Elliott.
Sadly, Aaliyah's music isn't the only recordings lost in the shuffle. Recordings from Timbaland and Toni Braxton have been hidden from the world with both taking legal action against the label over the years. There's also JoJo, who had to break from the label after they refused to release her third album. The singer recently re-recorded her first two albums.
With Aaliyah's music getting the attention it deserves, Johnta Austin discussed the singer's impact on R&B today. "It was amazing, she was incredible from top to bottom," he told OkayPlayer of working with the singer on "Come Over" and "I Don't Wanna." "I don't think Aaliyah gets the vocal credit that she deserves. When she was on it, she had the riffs, she had everything."
Earlier this year, an account impersonating Hankerson claimed her music would arrive on streaming platforms January 16, on what would've been her 41st birthday. A docuseries called the Aaliyah Diaries was also promoted for a release on Netflix.
Of course, it was far from the truth. Fans can enjoy selected videos and songs on YouTube, but it's clear they want more.
Aaliyah’s music is the landmark for a lot of your favs not only was she ahead of her time with her futuristic sounds she also was a fashion Icon dancer and phenomenal actress . The future generations need be exposed to her artistry and pay homage .#FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/LxZfxcqRgF
— Black Clover (@la_alchemist) March 29, 2020
Her first #1 solely based on AirPlay! She was the first ! #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/BHlANZjCGZ
— (@hodeciii) March 29, 2020
Makes no sense for someone still so influential to be hidden. Many try to emulate her. On Spotifys This is Aaliyah playlist, theres some great tracks not on her main Spotify #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/vLqLTVxqO9
— Blackity Black⁷ (@ClaudBuzzzz) March 29, 2020
Aaliyah is trending once again. She deserves endless flowers. This is true impact y’all. Her voice, her sound, her music...She’s been gone for 2 decades and y’all see the love for her is even stronger! We miss you baby girl! #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/ALDcT0ZQxR
— A A L I Y A H (@forbbygrlaali) March 30, 2020
Aaliyah said she wanted to be remembered for her music and yet most of it is not on streaming services #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/zwk0AWMCoE
— RJR (@MyNewEssence96) March 29, 2020
aaliyah’s gems like more than a woman deserve to be in streaming sites #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/mM2GWEg1pe
— k (@grandexrocky) March 30, 2020
I saw #FreeAaliyahMusic and IMMEDIATELY jumped into action! I can’t express how betrayed I felt when we were supposed to have all her music on Spotify by her birthday. Her discography is deeply underestimated and we need to make it right for our babygirl!pic.twitter.com/GfxBeJxUY1
— jerrica✨ (@jerricaofficial) March 29, 2020
Before Megan The Stallion drove the boat...
Aaliyah rocked the boat...
#FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/iXNwssD3sY
— Al’Bei (@_albei) March 29, 2020
i think we should have that conversation #FreeAaliyahMusic pic.twitter.com/cGl269tuTr
— AALIYAH LEGION (@AaliyahLegion) April 1, 2020
Singers Adrienne Bailon (L) and Kiely Williams of the 'Cheetah Girls' pose for photos around Mercedes Benz Fashion Week held at Smashbox Studios on October 18, 2007 in Culver City, California.
Katy Winn/Getty Images for IMG
Kiely Williams Explains Fallout With Adrienne Bailon Houghton And Alleged Fight With Raven-Symonè
Our current isolated way of life has given some plenty of time for reflection like Kiely Williams of the former girl group 3LW and The Cheetah Girls (ask your kids). The tales of both successful groups have been told time after time by fans in YouTube documentaries and members of each collective but Williams has decided to share her side of the story.
Williams hopped on Live Monday (March 30) where she discussed her former friendship with The Real co-host Adrienne Bailon Houghton and the infamous chicken throwing fight with actress/singer Naturi Naughton. The mother of one didn't pinpoint exactly why she fell out with Houghton but did point out how she wouldn't be interested in appearing on her talk show.
"I don't think Adrienne wants to have live TV with me," Williams said. "'Cause she's gon' have to say, 'Yes Kiely, I did pretend to be your best friend. Now, I am not.' You were either lying then or you're lying now. You either were my best friend and now you're just not claiming me or you were pretending [to be my best friend."
The two remained friends after Naughton was kicked out of 3LW, the platinum-selling group known for 2000s pop hits like "No More (Baby I'ma Do Right)" and "Playas Gon' Play." Williams and Houghton were eventually picked to be apart of The Cheetah Girls with then-Disney darling Raven-Symonè and dancer Sabrina Bryan.
Williams went on to discuss her fight with Naughton, which she denies had anything to do with her skin color. With her mother near, Williams claimed Naughton called her a b***h, leading to the fight. While she didn't clear up the chicken throwing, she stated how she was "going for her neck" and was holding food and her baby sister in the process.
Apologies aren't on the horizon either. “I don’t feel like I have anything to make amends for, especially as it relates to Adrienne,” Kiely said. “As far as Naturi goes, if there was ever a reason to apologize, all of that has kind of been overshadowed by the literal lies and really ugly stuff that she said about my mom and my sister. So, no. Not interested in that. I’m sorry.”
Moving onto The Cheetah Girls, Williams also denied claims she got into fights with Raven-Symonè on the set of The Cheetah Girls films and never outed her as a teen. The rumor about Symonè and Williams was reportedly started by Symonè's former co-star Orlando Brown.
Symonè has often shared positive memories about The Cheetah Girls and their reign but did imply during an episode of The View how co-star Lynn Whitfield kept her from losing her cool on set.
On a lighter note, Symonè, Houghton and Naughton have kept in contact with Naughton and Houghton putting their differences aside during an appearance on The Real.
Symonè and Houghton also reunited at the Women's March in Los Angeles in January. During Bailon's performance at the event, the two briefly performed the Cheetah Girls' classic, "Together We Can."
Willaims also shared some stories about the making of the group's hits. Check out her Live below.
Mark Metcalfe/Getty Images
Kelis Announces ‘Cooked With Cannabis’ Show Will Premiere On Netflix
Kelis is taking her chef talents to Netflix. The musician will host a food competition show titled Cooked With Cannabis that’ll premiere on the very-fitting April 20 (4/20). According to NME, the show will span six episodes and be co-hosted by chef Leather Storrs.
Describing the opportunity as a “dream come true” since she’s a major supporter of the streaming service, Kelis took to Instagram to share how cannabis and cooking is one of her many creative passions. “As a chef, I was intrigued by the food and as an everyday person, I was interested in how powerful this topic is in today’s society,” the mother-of-two writes. “In this country, many things have been used systemically to oppress groups of people, but this is so culturally important for us to learn and grow together.”
Each episode will place three chefs against each other as they craft three-course meals with cannabis as the central ingredient. Each episode’s winner takes home $10,000. Guests will play an integral role in who takes home the cash prize. Too $hort, and El-P are just a few of this season's guests.
I'm really excited to announce my new show, Cooked with Cannabis on @Netflix!! Anyone that knows me, knows how much I love my Netflix, so this is a dream come true. Interestingly, this was one of those things that I didn't go looking for, it kind of came to me. As a chef, I was intrigued by the food and as an everyday person, I was interested in how powerful this topic is in today's society. In this country, many things have been used systematically to oppress groups of people, but this is so culturally important for us to learn and grow together. I hope you all will tune in, it's definitely going to be a good time! We launch on 4/20! XO, Kelis
A post shared by Kelis (@kelis) on Mar 18, 2020 at 7:57am PDT
In a previous Lenny Letter profile, Kelis shared she comes from a line of culinary influences beginning with her mother who owned a catering service. In 2008, the “Milkshake” singer sought to refine her cooking skills by enrolling in the Le Cordon Bleu school. Receiving a certificate as a trained saucier, the New York native put her expertise to the test during pop-up restaurants in her native city, created a hot sauce line, and co-owns a sustainable farm in Quindio, Colombia.
“Food is revolutionary because it is the one and only international language. It’s the most human thing you can partake in,” she said in an interview with Bon Appetit. “We are the only species that cooks.”
This isn’t Kelis’ first foray into the reality-cooking television world. In 2014, she partnered with the Cooking Channel for Saucy and Sweet and published the "My Life on a Plate" cookbook a year later.
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VICE's daily podcast on the absurdity of the modern condition.
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By Maya Singer
Raquel Allegra isn’t typically a designer to choose a seasonal muse. But it turns out, when Allegra goes muse, she goes hard. Her inspiration this season was the Belladonna of Sadness, the main character in the 1973 film of the same name. A classic of Japanese animation, the film is a fever dream of sex, psychedelia, and the occult—all of which Allegra distilled into her collection, starting with the red-tinged tie-dyes that paid homage to the Belladonna’s volcanic-eruption-triggering orgasms. As a whole, this collection came off like the uniform for a highly erotic Malibu cult. Which is a compliment, by the way.
If the tie-dyes were the most vivid pieces here—the tie-dyed red velvets, in particular—Allegra allocated plenty of flair to her more subdued pieces, as well. Dresses and pajama-like sets in abstracted kimono florals were a highlight; so, too, the peacoat-inspired looks in navy, which had an appealing preppy-gone-to-seed effect. Bold check, meanwhile, offered a nice graphic counterpoint to the collection’s blouson shapes and copious tie-dye. But even those sharp checks had an unraveled tone, courtesy of soft fabrications and frayed-edge details. Allegra is hardly known for her fussiness; her collections are always, fundamentally, about ease. But with this outing she seemed to be entering new emotional territory, where the state of “being relaxed” edged into the state of “total release.” That’s a richer, more complicated mood—and it suits this designer well.
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Watch the exact moment Boris Johnson sees his parliamentary majority vanish
Published: 2:56 PM September 3, 2019 Updated: 8:43 AM September 18, 2020
Boris Johnson in the House of Commons scenes. Picture: Parliament TV. - Credit: BBC
It was a moment of high drama in the House of Commons when the MP who represented the Conservatives' vanishing majority in parliament crossed the floor to join the Liberal Democrats.
Boris Johnson was addressing the House of Commons about "taking back control of our trade policy" just as he noticed he was losing control of his party and his working majority.
Phillip Lee, MP for Bracknell, walked into the Commons with two other MPs. Johnson looked up from his speech as he seemingly tried to figure out what was going on.
Andrea Leadsom and Sajid Javid, sitting behind the prime minister, can be seen watching the rebel MP cross the room.
Instead of joining the benches of the party in government, Lee headed to sit next to Jo Swinson's MPs.
Is this the walk that could bring down a government?
Conservative MP Philip Lee literally crosses the floor onto the Liberal Democrats benches and takes a seat next to Lib Dem Party Leader Jo Swindon. #Brexit pic.twitter.com/KXUCD8pwYx
— Michael Gravesande (@OldBlackHack) September 3, 2019
The Lib Dem MPs ostentatiously shifted along the benches to make room for him, the party's 15th MP.
MORE: Tory MP defects to Lib Dems over government's 'political manipulation, bullying and lies'In his resignation letter, Lee has slammed the government for "undermining our country's economy, democracy and role in the world," he wrote.
"It is using political manipulation, bullying and lies."
Here is the actual moment, during Johnson's statement, when Philip Lee defected to the LibDems (and with him his Commons majority). Johnson mutters 'hear, hear' while trying to work out what's going on. ~AA pic.twitter.com/Fq9Phz5TDp
— Best For Britain #StopBrexit (@BestForBritain) September 3, 2019
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Skyrise Miami Applies For Construction Permit To Begin Building Recreational Tower
A construction permit for Skyrise Miami was applied for in the past few weeks.
Records from Miami’s Building Department show that a permit application was created on January 21 and submitted on January 22. The actual plans have not been submitted yet, however (so it could be a dry run).
The total usable area that is being built is listed at 115,780 square feet. Here’s how it breaks down, according to the newly filed application:
Recreational – 85,790 square feet spread across 12 floors (levels 14, 16, 18, 18M, 21, 22, 23 ,24, 26, 2, 10R, 28). Occupancy is 5,000 people.
General Commercial – 12,000 square feet on level 2, with occupancy for 120 people.
Juice Bar / Coffee Shop/ Bakery/ Deli/ Ice Cream Shop/ Cigar Bar – 1,150 square feet on levels 2, 4, 18, 18M, 26. Occupancy is 165.
Restaurant – 4,000 square feet on level 4
Retail – 12,760 square feet on level 3
The contractor is listed as Plaza Construction. Arquitectonica is the architect.
Total estimated cost of hard construction is $200,000,000.
The upfront permit application fee charged to the developer for review of the permit is $560,000.
FeaturedSkyRise Miami
Ill believe it once the shovels hit the ground, otherwise its just a pretty picture…
Last year. Foundation work has already started (though it is currently halted)
They’ve not done any piling work there. The machinery there was for soil testing, sea wall work and utilities for the marina.
Sea walls were redone thats about it
Sea walls was phase I.
When will this finally become a reality here in Miami? I want this tower to be built already. It will be a nice addition to the skyline, and also tourism will probably go up dramatically as well. Let’s make this happen!
Downtown needs a boost and this will be the perfect draw.
Look at Singapore, before Marina Bay was unknown, now everyone wants a shot at that infinity pool
Yeah… but a resort casino for us grownups… nah.
Shawn Kouri
Now the question is when are they going to break ground? This was supposed to be built a couple of years ago.
It broke ground last year.
All they did was some sea wall work and utilities for the marina. If you want to call that breaking ground then ok.
Then it will probably be completed by either a timeframe between 2023 and 2026.
Azarius
By the next Miami Super Bowl lol
Next Super Bowl in 6 years.
It will be funny if they break ground sometime this year with all the haters out there. Remember, the Eiffel Tower was hated as well by the locals when it was built back in 1886 for the World’s Fair. Yet, the Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris, and hard to imaging Paris without it.
I love this project from day one.
The concept of this project is not bad but the design is.
This tower looks like something painted by Picasso and the Eiffel Tower looks like the Mona Lisa in comparison.
You know that most people hated the Eiffel Tower design too. Let’s wait until it gets built. I think it will be a great addition to downtown.
It looks like a nail clipper. Andy Warhol seems like the inspiration.
Miami is doing fine without this phalic symbol. If we are smart, we should wrap it and send it to Topeka Kansas.
They’ll probably have someone blow it up before it gets there.
Realtalk Reilly
I can tell you’ve never spent much time among Parisians. They hated the Eiffel Tower in 1886, and most of them still think it’s tacky and ugly today. It’s the tourists who regard it as an iconic symbol of Paris, and love it. To many locals it’s still a pointless, ugly, Erector Set project.
Same for this dumb Skyrise thing, although I don’t even know if tourists will like it, let alone the locals.
Those renderings are polished!
I only see one rendering.
It’s literally just the base. The tower is still a giant tacky green bobby pin.
Skyrise Miami plus a $60 Million, Bayside renovation.
New landshark Grill going in on the lower level of the Hardrock building.
Short of Disney-esque rides, it is hard to break an even or positive ROI on $200 million with ‘recreational activities.’ That’s a lot of flying swing rides, or whatever is scheduled there.
I was thinking the exact same thing when I saw that number.
The renderings lie. In reality, this thing is going to look like the Sombrero at South of the Border.
The piles were driven last year and that was the only activity on the site. As a sub that worked with the GC on multiple VE exercise and had our original scope reduced to nothing, i can tell you when its finally completed, the final product will look nothing like the renderings. All of the sections are modular and will be built offsite and brought in on a barge and lifted into place. Its a very costly installation process but a very impressive engineering feat being handled by Mammot who is one of the most reputable lifting and hoisting company’s in the world
This seems a lot more complex than hoisting the FIU bridge… I hear that you’re saying it’s a completely different firm, but I can’t be the only one to think that might not end well.
Fake News. That site has not seen any piles.
… and I hope it never does for this poorly designed thing.
Wow! Those views will be nice.
If its not going vertical I wouldn’t believe its actually happening.
John nyc
I really believe this thing is going to look stunning once it’s built. There is really nothing like it anywhere in the world like this. Build it.
Because no other city in the world would think about putting such an ugly designed thing like this in their skyline.
Instead of complaining about it’s design, why don’t you actually send that message to the developers since you care so much about it?
Well since you’re such a fanboy you’re probably the developer trying to hype it up, so I’ll be direct, this thing is hideous
Come onnnnn, why is nobody putting a stop to this monstrosity? It’s a patently ridiculous blot on the skyline. A gigantic, space-wasting eyesore that is way out of proportion with its surroundings. THIS is supposed to be our iconic Miami structure? New York has the Statue of Liberty, and we have the Tower of Stupidity?
That’s it. I’m done talking. It’s brujeria time. Headed to Homestead to buy some live chickens that won’t be alive for long.
A dry run? hmmm
A dry run of plans is a typical procedure with city/county agencies….
That seawall in the rendering looks like it’s ready for any stinkin sea level rise.
World Class.
Then why hasn’t any other city in the world built something this quirky looking?
Because Miami is the lone phallic city in a world of Georgia O’Keefe’s.
This is going to be very good for downtown Miami. It will bring construction and hopefully those empty lots will be filled with other cool looking skyscrapers. Affordable housing is needed. I say build it.
Hey John, propose something designed like this for Manhattan and come tell us how people in NYC like it… okay?
Who cares what they think in NYC! This is brash Miami, you stump jumper!
RustyTRUMPet
SOUND THE ALARM!!!
I love the project, but again, I do not think it will happen, this town is just blah, blah, blah
caspmct
They should really call it Sea-rise, as it will one day stand as a monument to a society so vapid and self-absorbed it spent TWO HUNDRED MILLION DOLLARS on an overblown carnival ride while the city around them vanished beneath the waves.
SKYRISE DOUBTER
Will Skyrise Miami EVER get built, and, if so, will it look anything like the current renderings of it?
They are going to use pre-fabricated construction to build this tower according to rumors. That definitely allows the building to get done faster and cheaper and also more durable.
ICONIC!!!!!!!!!!
They should let all you boogers in Miami slide down the side of that ‘thing’ harness-free. That would be a good use. You all keep celebrating how great things are while your country will soon be run by proxy by Putin. It’s like little slaves looking around loving how great the owners look. We pretty massa? It’s coming, the country that was founded on striving only for personal material gain will find that to be its eventual downfall. The only concern and priority is to sell family out for as little as a week’s enjoyment of shiny objects. In the longer arc of time, we will all just be part of a future documentary about the blind and the lack of awareness ‘back then’. Staring at shiny buildings while ignoring the sea levels. LMAO .
Fake news, theyre going to place a condo tower here
It damn sure would be better than looking at this thing.
Wow.. we may not get Okan’s tower in the skyline but this guy insist on putting this ugly designed thing in the forefront of Miami’s skyline for the world to see and make jokes about and he’ll probably get his way… smdh…
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DEFRA says no to EU avian flu compensation
27 April 2006, at 12:00am
UK - EU farm ministers signed off new legislation this week giving the EU Commission powers to compensate producers for losses of income due the impact of avian flu on demand for eggs and poultry meat, but DEFRA has ruled out any sector aid for the UK. Under the new rules, the EU will fund half of the compensation - not 100% as originally requested by the European Parliament - with the remaining half financed by the Member State’s national budget. It will be up to member states to submit their proposals for sector aid. Mariann Fischer Boel, Commissioner for Agriculture and Rural Development, said: “Some countries have suffered a serious drop in consumption and prices in the poultry sector which could not be adequately compensated with the existing tools. "In my view, the most sensible approach would be to compensate producers for measures which temporarily reduce production.” Peter Bradnock, chief executive of the British Poultry Council, believes there is justification for DEFRA to submit a proposal. Source: Fwi
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Hendrix Genetics Layers awarded AI free compartment status for all Netherlands based operations
Poultry health Company/products
11 September 2018, at 12:00am
All Hendrix Genetic Layers Breeding complexes, the GPS farms and its rearing farms, and the hatcheries have been awarded AI free compartment status by the Dutch Food and Consumer Product Authority (NVWA). This status is also recognised by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
Dorothé Ducro, Global Quality Manager and Bart Stokvis, DVM pictured with compartment status recognition
“The compartment status allows us to secure our distribution to HGL customers around the world as we deliver our products from the Netherlands to over 25 countries in five continents” said Ron Joërissen, Technical Director of Hendrix Genetics Layers. Since 2003, the Netherlands has been dealing with several outbreaks of Avian Influenza, which have had a direct and destructive impact on trade barriers as well as the supply to our worldwide customers.
With compartment status, we can safeguard the supply of high quality genetics to our customers.
Compartmentalisation was established by the OIE in 2004 with the goal of ensuring the security of supply of day old chicks and hatching eggs during disease outbreak in an exporting country. Businesses that achieve this status must be operating at such high standards of biosecurity that they can ensure that all their facilities remain disease-free in the event of an outbreak elsewhere in the country.
With this status they are able to continue to export their products, and the recipient of the birds or hatching eggs can expect that the shipment will be free from disease.
Criteria for a compartment
The main criterion for a compartment is that the animals contained in it are clearly recognisable as part of a unique subpopulation with limited or no epidemiological links to other populations of risk. The compartment must be clearly defined, indicating the functional relationships of all its components and their contribution to an epidemiological boundary between the animals in the compartment and populations of higher risk.
A biosecurity plan must in place and with standard operating procedures, and should include education and training of workers to ensure that all persons involved in biosecurity are knowledgeable.
The operations in the Netherlands are among the largest breeding centers for Hendrix Genetics Layers. Since 2012, over € 10 million has been invested to increase the (G)PS Hatchery capacity and to upgrade all operations to the highest biosecurity standards.
The project to achieve compartmental status was started in 2016. Dorothé Ducro, Global Quality Manager of Hendrix Genetics Layers said: “Achieving compartmentalisation is the crowning glory of the efforts that we’ve all made. It demonstrates that we have serious standard operating procedures in place that prevent the entry of disease into any of our Dutch operations. All employees respect the measurements that we took to mitigate the risks of entry, and our separations and surveillance are at the very highest standards.” Bart Stokvis, DVM of Hendrix Genetics Layers, added: “Achieving the OIE avian influenza free compartment status is the official confirmation of the strength of our biosecurity system.”
Hendrix Genetics
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HomeElection WatchPolling station ransacked by thugs – NEC cancels election results at Constituency 110
Polling station ransacked by thugs – NEC cancels election results at Constituency 110
August 25, 2019 Abdul Rashid Thomas Election Watch 17
Sierra Leone Telegraph: 25 August 2019:
The National Electoral Commission (NEC) has cancelled the results of the re-run elections in constituency 110 in Freetown. Votes cast at all polling centres have been tallied by NEC, with the exception of one centre where all ballot papers and equipment were destroyed yesterday by thugs.
It is not certain which group of political party supporters destroyed the polling materials and drove away voters, but tonight questions are being asked as to whether the police simply turned a blind eye, or were unable to provide security at the polling station.
But should NEC have cancelled all of the results they have so far counted and tallied? Should they not have simply set a date for fresh election at the destroyed polling station?
One eye witness who was at the NEC Tally Centre at Wellington said: “I was in the NEC Tally Centre yesterday at Wellington. All the RR Forms entered where without any problems. The Table displayed on the wall before us shows APC winning the Election with 43% and SLPP 40%.
“The decision to announce the results is the responsibility of the Commission as they were to take a decision on the Angola Town saga in which the SLPP thugs disrupted the entire centre. To me, 93% of centers entered is a solid reason for the Commission to announce the results, since the remaining 7% is not materially important.
“But NEC by their press statement released this morning, they’re looking at the number of voters which is about 2000 in a mist of 38% Turnout.
“Angola Town is the stronghold of the Opposition APC Party, the home of Hon. Kadie Davies (APC candidate). It was deliberately destroyed by SLPP Arata because of the expected victory for the APC”.
There are mixed reactions to today’s decision by NEC to cancel all the results of the by-election at Constituency 110 that have so far been counted and tallied. Many ruling SLPP party supporters say that NEC is justified in cancelling the results.
The opposition APC strongwoman – Dr Sylvia Olayinka Blyden said: “There is absolutely no legal basis for NEC’s decision to cancel those results. The only legal step that is correct is to re-run the election in the single polling centre affected. That’s all. That is what the Law allows for. Cancellation of the entire results lacks a legal justification”.
This is the Chief Electoral Commissioner – Mohamed Nfa Alie Conteh speaking on AYV TV today:
This is NEC’s statement:
Rebuilding a sustainable city of Freetown – a rejoinder
SLPP claims by-election victory as opposition APC protests cancellation of results
Alimamy Turay says:
The people of consistency 110 in Hamilton cannot be intimidated by the paopa thuggery that has been sown by the ‘new direction’ Sierra Leone Peoples Party (SLPP) since coming into power through a controversial result in the 2018 parliamentary and presidential elections. They clearly made their choice on these elections, in Hon. Kadijatu Davies of the All Peoples Congress (APC) party, and were not unnerved to endorse that fact in what many would see as a bogus exercise to instil a regime, that is constantly losing public appeal and credibility, by the minute.
Other things equal: no rigging; no intimidation of the electorate by the use of any apparatus; no bribery or political corruption; no bullying; and amongst other deceitful and dangerous tactics associated by this ‘new direction’ government – it is now evident that the people of constituency 110 would come back any other day, to register the love and tust of their choice.
The SLPP had been a violent and rogue party from time immemorial. The problem is, they are also sly characters; as they have been blackmailing the APC all along. Now, their violent nature has intensified since the paopa mentality was introduced into the party.
The APC are not angels either; and the SLPP are quite aware of what they are capable of. However, to the eyes of many, a new trend is developing in the political landscape of Sierra Leone. Since the 2018 elections, the SLPP has been on the OFFENSIVE – the exclusive commission of inquiry (COI); non payment of gratuities and other benefits to officials of the past APC administration; the harasssmrnt, detention, maiming and killing of opposition APC members or supporters; the degradation of the constitution; the firing of tear gas canisters at APC supporters on their premises; the desperate intent to rig elections – in what amounts to a pre-emptive strategy, in an attempt to introduce an unrealistic paopa ideology that can only be compared to despotism.
The APC on the other hand, since they are still sweating in the dock, have no choice but to take a defensive stance. An appropriate strategy taken by the main opposition, some will agree, that would restore the status quo in terms of peace and security in the country. Notwithstanding, this fragile situation is not going to last forever, irrespective of the outcome of the COI. And sooner than later, the country will be echoing louder than ever, for their disappointment on the failure of the ‘new direction’ SLPP to deliver their promises.
What would be the political climate in the country with regards to the new relationship that would evolve leading to the next elections, in 2023? Will the populace be allowed to exercise their right to self determination on their preferences to political parties or dogmas, or forcibly disenfranchised in what is already looking like a false democracy?
Jabron Amara says:
Why insulted Trump for calling African countries shit holes. You have just seen the evidence. Why can’t the loser ask for a recount or accept the results? Wasting time and money. Poor countries, everybody is hungry.
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“My costume is not consent”
Published on October 20, 2016 November 11, 2016 by Dellesia Noah
With Halloween right around the corner, many students will be dressing up as their favourite characters this year. To paraphrase Cady from Mean Girls, Halloween is the one time of year where a person can be as provocatively dressed as they want and not be judged for it. You won’t find any judgement in this article either, but unfortunately provocative costumes come hand in hand with unsolicited, non-consensual, sexual advances. For some people it’s only something they have to endure one night out of the year, but for others, they participate in an active community where it’s Halloween every day.
Meet Rae Luira, Summer Edwards, and Pearl Nguyen, three female cosplayers who have had their fair share of unsolicited sexual advances while cosplaying.
Luira is a student at the University of Toronto, She’s been cosplaying since she was 13 but didn’t get seriously into the performance art until 16. Luira made the decision to cosplay as male characters when she first started out and didn’t transition into female characters until later.
“When I was 16 I bared my midriff at events people were really gross with me as compared to when I was a guy nothing happened” Luira said.
That wouldn’t be the last time Luira had to endure sexist or pervasive comments or actions. At another event Luira came dressed in a police outfit, “One guy interviewed me and asked ‘how much could I pay you to wear this out into the streets?’ insinuating that I was dressed like a prostitute. That was an uncomfortable moment.”
At another event Luira was ready to push the envelope a little more by playing characters with more sex appeal. A photographer had approached her online saying he wanted take pictures of Luira at a convention.
“During the shoot he pulled my skirt up, at the time I didn’t really think much of it…I learned later on that photographers should never touch models without asking,” Luira said, “He kept telling me my boobs look great.” The experience really put Luira off and she later found out that that same photographer has harassed other girls.
Edwards is a freelance photographer, she started cosplaying when she was 19. In Edwards’ earlier stages of cosplaying she described her experiences as, not super bad, but it wasn’t until earlier this year when Edwards played Catwoman that things shifted.
“This guy approached me and asked ‘will you hit me with that whip? I’ve been a bad boy,’” Edwards said, “I was like oh god no.”
This middle aged man, old enough to be Edwards’ father, approached her without any invitation, during a private photoshoot she was doing with her friends and said this to her. An occurrence that sadly isn’t out of the ordinary for Edwards. Edwards constantly gets hit on the most because she doesn’t look like your “stereotypical Asian.” Edwards is bi-racial, half Scottish, half Filipino, with a curvier figure which, in her experience, makes her receive the most of these sexist comments. People like to fetishize and strip away Edwards’ humanity, for no other reasons other than the fact that she is biracial and curvy.
“As a photographer myself I want to make sure everyone is comfortable and safe,” Edwards said. And comments like that really taint the safe-space cosplayers have built for themselves.
Nguyen is also a student at OCAD university, she started cosplaying at 14 when she was introduced to it by a friend at her language school. At the beginning of Nguyen’s cosplay experience, she would go for characters close to her age and cutesy and innocent in demeanour. Now Nguyen likes to play more “bad-ass” female characters. It wasn’t until Nguyen was 16 that she too also started to realize the hyper-sexualisation of cosplayers.
“I am now a little more conscious about modesty,” Nguyen said, “I want people to be more attracted to the craftsmanship of the work.” Nguyen said she experiences more fetishizing inside personal relationships with significant others than in the cosplaying community. “I don’t really tell my significant other that I’m into cosplay. As soon as I tell somebody that they like to turn into a sexual fantasy,” Nguyen said.
Nguyen recalled a previous relationship where her partner pushed her to bring her cosplaying into the bedroom, “I said no. I spent months working on this costume I wasn’t about to have him rip it off.”
Despite all these negative experiences, the one reason all these women still loved to participate in cosplay is that it allowed anyone who ever felt like an outsider to join a community where people could genuinely be themselves.
Dellesia Noah
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News from Idaho, Kansas, Indiana and, yes, Washington…
► In today’s Spokesman-Review — Federal judge rejects Idaho anti-union laws— A federal judge has invalidated two anti-union laws pushed through by Idaho GOP lawmakers last session, saying they violate federal law. The two measures, SB 1007 and 1006, were expansions of Idaho’s right-to-work law. One banned “job targeting programs” that use union dues to subsidize members’ wages as a way to help contractors win bids. The other banned “project labor agreements” through which contractors sign agreements with unionized workers while bidding on public works projects. The measures were pushed amid legislative grousing over loud picketing at some Idaho projects by the Carpenters Union.
► From AP — New rail safeguards where 3 died in Washington — Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railway says automatic flashing lights and crossing gates have been installed at a rail crossing where three people died last March when a freight train struck their van.
► In today’s Wichita Eagle — Wichita facility’s closing will affect 2,160 workers — Boeing said layoffs won’t begin until the second half of this year as it plans to close its Wichita facility by the end of 2013 and move the work to other sites, officials said.
► In today’s LA Times — Boeing to close historic Wichita facility — The company’s decision may augur more cuts in the defense industry as federal spending on weapons procurement shrinks in the coming decade.
► In today’s Seattle Times — Wichita closure to bring 100 jobs here — Kansas employees and politicians fumed Wednesday at Boeing’s decision to close its defense plant in Wichita. And the move didn’t meet expectations here, delivering fewer jobs in the Puget Sound region than anticipated when rumors of the closure first surfaced in November.
EDITOR’S NOTE — I can’t help but contrast today’s reactions from Kansas politicians (Republicans all) with the reaction of Washington State’s Democratic establishment when Boeing announced in 2001 that it was moving its headquarters to Chicago. In Kansas, the Republicans are expressing “outrage” that Boeing would “squander eight decades of goodwill” by refusing to honor its commitment to the region. Here, hand-wringing Democrats allowed right-wing conservatives to blame the move on the state’s “unfriendly” business climate (which the company denied) and spin a competitiveness myth that set off a decade of legislative capitulation to corporate interests on everything from massive tax breaks to unemployment insurance to workers’ compensation.
Kansas is a union-busting “right-to-work” state that runs its unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation systems on the cheap and sports a $7.25 minimum wage. As right-wingers in Washington fantasize about bringing that corporate utopia here, perhaps Republicans in Kansas will now begin a decade of investment in aerospace apprenticeship and training to try to overcome those clear competitive disadvantages.
► Breaking from the Seattle Times — Supreme Court: State isn’t fully funding education — In a highly anticipated court ruling released Thursday morning, the Washington State Supreme Court agreed the state is failing to meet its constitutional duty to fully fund education and said it would retain jurisdiction to make sure the Legislature does so. But the court did not require the Legislature to take specific action to remedy the situation, as some education advocates had hoped.
► In today’s Yakima H-R — Rep. Hunter to discuss education ‘levy swap’ — State Rep. Ross Hunter (D-Medina) will be in Yakima tonight to talk to educators about his new proposal to change the way public education is funded in Washington. Hunter devised a “revenue-neutral levy swap” as a way to make K-12 funding more consistent and less dependent on unstable local levies, which must be approved every two to four years by district voters.
► In today’s Olympian — Gregoire supports same-sex marriage — State Rep. Laurie Jinkins (D-Tacoma) says her 11-year-old son, Wulf, wants her to have a wedding cake with green frosting. The date is not on the calendar yet, but after Gov. Chris Gregoire lent public support for same-sex marriage on Wednesday, it no longer seems as far-fetched as it once did in Washington state.
► In today’s Wenatchee World — Local leaders will move forward with sales tax idea— Mayors and commissioners from Chelan and Douglas counties appear to favor asking voters for a sales tax increase to pay off the Town Toyota Center’s debt.
N.L.R.B.
► In today’s LA Times — Bypassing Congress, Obama will appoint three to NLRB — Capping a daylong assault on congressional Republicans, President Obama appointed three members to the National Labor Relations Board as part of a series of recess appointments the GOP had tried to prevent. Obama made the move while Congress is away for the holiday break, but meeting every few days in pro forma sessions to block the White House from precisely these type of recess appointments. The labor board appointments were tucked into Obama’s more public announcement of Richard Cordray as the new consumer protection bureau chief.
► At AFL-CIO Now — Operating Engineers’ counsel among picks for NLRB — IUOE President James T. Callahan says that Richard Griffin is “highly respected by lawyers on both the labor and business side of labor law.”
► In The Hill — Romney ad: Obama’s NLRB appointees are ‘union stooges’ — Republican Mitt Romney is calling President Obama’s appointees to the labor board “union stooges” who practice un-American political playback, in a new ad his campaign is airing in South Carolina.
► In today’s NY Times — ‘Right to work’ Republicans denied quorum in Indiana — On what was to be the first day of a new lawmaking session in Indiana, most Democratic state representatives stayed away from the House floor on Wednesday, preventing the Republican majority, which has made “right to work” legislation a top priority, from doing business.
► At AFL-CIO Now — Public pressure re-opens Indiana statehouse doors — Caving into intense public pressure, Indiana Gov. Mitch Daniels (R) this morning rescinded an order that would have barred thousands of Hoosiers from the statehouse as the legislature considers a so-called “right to work” bill. As I write, we hear that three doors are open and workers are streaming in, with lines of people wrapped around the block.
► At Politico — How to fight liberals: Imitate them — Impressed by the effectiveness of the liberal Center for American Progress, a group of conservative journalists and operatives are preparing to engage in their own sincerest form of flattery — launching an advocacy group with a similar name and mission but very different target.
TODAY’S MUST-READ
► In today’s NY Times — Harder for Americans to rise from lower rungs — Benjamin Franklin did it. Henry Ford did it. And American life is built on the faith that others can do it, too: rise from humble origins to economic heights. “Movin’ on up,” George Jefferson-style, is not only a sitcom song but a civil religion. But many researchers have reached a conclusion that turns conventional wisdom on its head: Americans enjoy less economic mobility than their peers in Canada and much of Western Europe. The mobility gap has been widely discussed in academic circles, but a sour season of mass unemployment and street protests has moved the discussion toward center stage.
The Stand posts links to Washington state and national news of interest every weekday morning by 9 a.m. These links are functional at the date of posting, but sometimes expire.
Posted by David Groves on Jan 5 2012. Filed under DAILY LINKS. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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Home Picture of the Day Electrical Accumulators
Electrical Accumulators
Stephen Smith July 22, 2013 - 22:59 July 19, 2014 Picture of the Day
Galaxy clusters such as Abell 2151 in the constellation Hercules are powerful X-ray emitters.
Credit: Tony Hallas
What takes place in thunderstorms on Earth is most likely a smaller version of large scale phenomena.
“I have always believed that astrophysics should be the extrapolation of laboratory physics, that we must begin from the present Universe and work our way backward to progressively more remote and uncertain epochs.”
— Hannes Alfvén
Previous Picture of the Day articles discussed electric fields that build up in and around thunderstorms. Since Earth is electrically charged, it maintains an electric field at its surface of between 50 and 200 volts per meter. In other words, for every meter of altitude the voltage increases by that measure.
Electromagnetic fields beneath thunderstorms increase to 10,000 volts per meter because the storms and the Earth act like the plates of a capacitor, storing electrical energy from the surrounding environment. A “wind” of charged particles blows toward the developing storm, pulling neutral air molecules along with the current, creating powerful updrafts that can occasionally rise into the stratosphere. Once the storm reaches a critical threshold, the stored energy is released as a lightning bolt.
Thunderstorms act like “particle accelerators,” launching massive discharges upward to space, as well as downward to ground. The upward strokes are known as red sprites and blue jets but are not easy to detect, since they last just a few milliseconds and are at high altitude.
Red sprites are massive, diffuse flashes above active thunderstorms, coinciding with normal lightning strokes. They can be single events, or multiple, with filaments above and below, often extending to altitudes close to 100 kilometers. Some of the largest sprites contain dozens of individual smaller sprites, covering horizontal distances of 50 kilometers, with a volume of 10,000 cubic kilometers.
Blue jets are distinct from sprites, since they propagate upward in narrow cones that disappear at an altitude of about 50 kilometers. They are also more powerful because the electric discharges are confined within a smaller spatial volume. Geophysicists are beginning to realize that sprites and jets are part of every moderate to large storm system and are an essential component in Earth’s electric circuit.
Electric Universe theorists propose that what is observed on other planets, within galaxies, or in free space should be used as examples of what can occur on Earth, as opposed to using our planet to model the Universe. We are part of a cosmic “ecology” that maintains a coherent physical aspect, so that aspect ought to apply here.
The European Space Agency’s (ESA) International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL), was launched from the Baikanor Cosmodrome on October 17, 2002. It is the first space-based observatory that can be used to simultaneously study objects in gamma ray, X-ray, and visible light. One of INTEGRAL’s major finds was the observation in 2008 of an extreme X-ray source from the center of a remote galaxy cluster.
X-ray emissions are far too intense to be generated from hot gas in the cluster, so “shockwaves must be rippling through the gas.” Astrophysicists suggested that the shockwaves had “turned the galaxy into a giant particle accelerator.”
The temperature of gases in the cluster core was measured at 100 million Kelvin. Researchers think that electrons accelerated by shockwaves traveling through the cluster gas generate the intense X-rays. The shockwaves are said to be created when two galaxy clusters “collide and merge.”
By referring to material with a temperature of 100 million Kelvin as “hot gas,” ESA scientists are highlighting their complete ignorance of plasma and its behavior. No atom can remain intact at such temperatures: electrons are stripped from the nuclei and powerful electric fields develop. The gaseous matter becomes plasma, capable of conducting electricity and forming double layers.
Nobel laureate Hannes Alfvén maintained that double layers are a unique celestial object, and that intense X-ray and gamma ray sources could be due to double layers “shorting out” and exploding. Double layers can accelerate charged particles up to enormous energies in a variety of frequencies, forming “plasma beams.” If the double layer breaks the circuit, the double layer may explode, drawing electricity from the entire circuit and discharging more energy than was contained in the double layer.
Double layers dissipate when they accelerate particles and emit radiation, so they must be powered by external sources. Birkeland currents are theorized to transmit electric power over many light-years through space, perhaps over thousands of light-years, so they are most likely the power source for the extreme X-ray generator in Ophiuchus.
So-called “particle accelerators” in thunderstorms and galaxy clusters are most likely manifestations of Birkeland currents pouring electricity into double layers. Sprites and jets exhibit filamentary structure, as does terrestrial lightning. Streamers of plasma can be seen flowing through galaxy clusters. In time, it may become evident that the scaleable nature of the plasma Universe reveals itself through electrical events both large and small.
Click here for a Spanish translation
Flagellar Motors
Grose Valley, Australia
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Vermont Summer Festival
Six Weeks of Top Equestrian Competition in Vermont's Green Mountains
Julie Welles and Twan Triumph in $50,000 Vermont Grand Prix
Aug 09, 2014 For Immediate Release, MEDIA CONTACT: Jennifer Ward for Jump Media LLC, Tel: 518-586-6258.
"Julie Welles and Twan won the $50,000 Vermont Summer Celebration Grand Prix on August 9 during the sixth and final week of the 2014 Vermont Summer Festival in East Dorset, VT." Photo credit – David Mullinix Photography. Photograph may be used one time only in relation to the above news item. For high resolution photograph, please email Starting Gate Communications
East Dorset, Vermont — Julie Welles of Wellington, FL, and Twan triumphed in the $50,000 Vermont Summer Celebration Grand Prix on August 9 during the final week of the Vermont Summer Festival horse show in East Dorset, VT. The six-week equestrian competition runs July 2 through August 10 at Harold Beebe Farm in East Dorset, VT.
A total of 10 entries found their way to a clear round over the track set by U.S. course designer Eric Hasbrouck, giving the crowd an opportunity to enjoy a thrilling jump-off. The first clear round in the tie-breaker belonged to Henrik Gundersen of Denmark, who stopped the timers in 44.53 seconds to take the early lead with his 14-year-old Hanoverian stallion, Adlanteur.
Four horses later, Bryn Sadler galloped to the top of the leader board, crossing the timers in 44.12 seconds with Bon Giorno, a 15-year-old Swedish Warmblood gelding owned by Showcase 81, LLC. Her time at the top would be short-lived, however, as Julie Welles was next to challenge with Twan. The pair made easy work of the course, slicing and dicing their way around the track in 42.55 seconds.
When Gundersen had an unplanned dismount from his second jump-off contender, Ahaveros, and Catherine Tyree incurred eight faults with Wetter, Welles was still in the lead with Twan when she entered the grand prix ring with the final jump-off entry, Ramses du Lavillon. Welles guided the nine-year-old selle francais gelding owned by her employer, Missy Clark and North Run, to a clear round, but their time of 44.14 seconds left them just behind Sadler in third place.
“Eric did a great job, he always does,” said Welles in praise of the course. “The jump-off was a lot of fun. You could go fast, there were nice turns; it was great!
“Twan is super-fast, so sometimes in the jump-off I try to go too fast!” continued Welles of the Dutch Warmblood that Missy Clark owns in partnership with Stephex Stables of Belgium. “I have to keep my mind under control and remember that he is already fast enough. He’s a horse that we’ve had since the beginning of April; he’s a 14 year old gelding with a lot of experience over in Europe. We’ve had lots of good results throughout the spring and the summer. He’s been knocking on the door for a big win; we have been second numerous times, so I couldn’t be happier with him.”
Of the 14-year-old Dutch Warmblood’s personality, Welles noted, “He’s a sassy little thing and I think that’s what makes him so good. He’s a little horse with a big personality. He goes in there and always tries to do his best. As long as I don’t get in his way, he’ll fight for it.”
Her third place mount, Ramses du Lavillon, also came to Missy Clark and John Brennan’s North Run, based in Warren, VT, in April.
“Ramses is nine, so he’s still learning how to jump clear, how to go fast, and where his balance is,” said Welles. “He surprised me today with how great he was in the jump-off. Before I went in, John, Missy and I looked at each other and said ‘let’s try to be first and second!’ I gave it a go, and he was so good! He just kept jumping higher and higher the faster I went.”
It was a great finish for the 26-year-old Welles. In addition to winning with Twan and taking third with Ramses du Lavillon, she also posted the fastest four fault effort in the opening round to place eleventh with Bazooka de Muze.
For the win, Welles received a crystal trophy and a Vermont Summer Festival custom scrim from Mona’s Monograms. Twan’s groom, Ulises Gonzalez, was presented with a display cooler and a jacket from Glenn Geary’s Horse Watch.
For Welles, who spent her junior career riding with Missy Clark, competing at the Vermont Summer Festival is a homecoming of sorts.
“When I first came to the Vermont Summer Festival, I was doing the Equitation 11 and Under division,” laughed Welles, 26, who is now a professional rider and trainer with North Run. “I hadn’t been here for four or five years and when I came back last summer, it was like I had never left. It’s come full circle, I’m back at home. I have nice horses to show and I love helping the kids. I couldn’t ask for anything else right now.”
North Run brought approximately 40 horses to this year’s Vermont Summer Festival, competing for three weeks of the circuit.
“I like that it’s so laid-back, everyone is friendly, and they all work with you,” said Welles. “We have our busy days, of course, but it’s a nice downtime in the summer. You know what you are going to get here.”
The Vermont Summer Festival offers a full schedule of hunter, jumper, and equitation competition. The 2014 Vermont Summer Festival wraps up on Sunday, August 10, with competition beginning at 8 a.m. Admission prices on Sunday are $7 for adults, $5 for children. 100% of the gate proceeds benefit area libraries, including Manchester Community Library.
The Vermont Summer Festival is a proud member event of the Show Jumping Hall Of Fame, the Marshall & Sterling League, and the North American League (NAL). Please e-mail us or visit our website for more information about the Vermont Summer Festival.
$50,000 Vermont Summer Celebration Grand Prix
1 Julie Welles Twan 0:0 42.55
2 Bryn Sadler Bon Giorno 0:0 44.12
3 Julie Welles Ramses du Lavillon 0:0 44.14
4 Henrik Gundersen Adlanteur 0:0 44.53
5 Lauren Fischer Offenbach du Granit 0:0 46.56
6 Sloane Coles Baloucat 0:4 43.01
7 Katie Tyler Kroner Z 0:4 43.78
8 Catherine Tyree Wetter 0:8 40.85
9 Leann Kelly Leander 0:21 56.58
10 Henrik Gunderson Ahaveros 0:elim
11. Julie Welles Bazooka de Muze 4
12. Jackie McQuade Copilot 4
©2003-2020 Vermont Summer Festival Horseshows • All rights reserved • Email • Home
Website by MadRiverWeb.com
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Home/Mobiles/TomTom Go Navigation comes to Huawei’s App Gallery
TomTom Go Navigation comes to Huawei’s App Gallery
JhonsonSeptember 2, 2020
TomTom Go Navigation is now available on all major app platforms, including Huawei’s App Gallery.
This gives many Huawei device owners a rare major alternative to the built-in mapping app.
If you own a Huawei phone without Google Play Store access, you haven’t had many major options for navigation apps — Here WeGo has been about as good as it gets. Today, though, you have a viable alternative.
TomTom has announced that its Go Navigation app is available on all major app platforms, including Huawei’s App Gallery. It’s also available from Google Play and Apple’s App Store. It offers up-to-date 2D and 3D maps as well as many of the staples of better navigation apps. These include real-time traffic, speed camera alerts, lane guidance, and data-saving offline maps.
Read more: The best Huawei phones you can buy
It will cost you a modest amount of money to use TomTom Go Navigation. You’ll have a 30-day free trial, but after that, you’ll need to pay for auto-renewing plans. They cost $13 per year, $9 for six months, $5 for three months, or $2 per month. The company is counting on both full access to its services and a lack of ads to draw you in.
Huawei was reported to have struck a deal with TomTom to use its mapping data for an in-house app. However, with this app’s availability, you don’t need to rely on that partnership to get driving directions.
This won’t necessarily convince you to switch from Here WeGo, let alone to buy a modern Huawei phone if you weren’t already inclined. However, TomTom Go Navigation may give you more of a reason to stick with the Chinese tech giant’s devices or to keep them on your shortlist if you were already thinking of buying one.
vivo V20 Pro 5G arrives in India
Top 10 trending phones of week 46
Realme Watch S will be unveiled on November 2, key specs confirmed
Users with Android phones have hard time on date apps
Huawei Mate 40 Pro has arrived in the UAE
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Could you start your own country?
You'll find micronations – mini legally-unrecognised countries – all over the world. So what's stopping you from grabbing some land and making your very own nation? We meet some people who did just that
Ever got sick of the way things are run in your own country? Ever found yourself muttering “If I were in charge...”? Well some people decide to act on it and actually start their own country. Introducing the ‘micronation’, basically a legally unrecognised country that lays claim to land that is either disputed or its members believe to be unadopted.
Three new micronations have already been formed in 2015. The Free Republic of Liberland, the Kingdom of Enclava and the Principality of Ongal all lay claim to land along the Croatia-Serbia border opened up by the 1990s Yugoslav Wars.
Within the last 10 years, the number of micronations has risen – more than 100 of them now exist in the world today. So are they real countries and can you visit them? While none have been officially recognised – it takes a defined territory, permanent population and a capable government for that to happen – you can still pay some of them a visit.
“Tours are given free of charge by the monarchy and there’s no limit on photos,” says Lord Steven Baikie, from the Principality of Hutt River in Australia – which requires a passport and visa payment if you want to enter. Some places, like Whangamomona Republic in New Zealand, are an easy visit with no border controls, but others – as with Liberland – are off limits (Croatia has blocked access there since its inception).
Then there are the marketing savvy ones – the UK micronation of Sealand offers official stamps, currency, flags and the chance to become a Lord, Baron or Knight. But why are more of them cropping up today? “The internet,” says Emperor Eric Lis of the 28-year-old Aerican Empire, a Canadian micronation. “It inspires copycats.”
So though we travel aficionados may have thought there was a finite number of places for us to visit, it turns out that number is growing all the time. So grab your passport and start making a new must-travel list – now where do we book a flight to Ladonia..?
5 micronations you (probably) didn't know existed
North Dumpling Island
A private island owned by Segway inventor Dean Kamen a mile off the coast of Connecticut, he declared he was breaking away from the United States after he wasn’t allowed to build a wind turbine.
This disused Second World War sea fort off the Suffolk coast was initially set up as a pirate radio station by Paddy Roy Bates. In 1978, the inhabitants had to overcome an invasion by Dutch and German mercenaries.
Principality of Hutt River
Australia’s oldest micronation, it was born in 1970 after farmer Leonard Casley and the government disagreed about crop sales but now welcomes 40,000 visitors per year.
Naminara Republic
Created as a tool to boost tourism to Namiseom Island in South Korea, the ploy seems to have worked – 1.5 million people visit the wildlife-laden micronation each year.
Kingdom of North Sudan
Founded on the promise that he would make his daughter a princess, American Jeremiah Heaton has laid claim to Bir Tawil, an 800 sq mile unclaimed slice of land between Sudan and Egypt.
Main image: Man on top of mountain (Shutterstock)
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Ammonia leak contained after Coca-Cola plant evacuated in Berry Hill
by: WKRN Web Staff
NASHVILLE, Tenn. (WKRN) — Crews responded to a HAZMAT situation in the Berry Hill area of Nashville early Monday morning.
Firefighters, officers and chemical specialists were called to the 400 block of Craighead Street near Bransford Avenue around 2 a.m. The emergency response was centered around the Coca-Cola manufacturing plant.
Officials on the scene told News 2 it was an ammonia leak that caused the hazardous materials response, which is when substances in quantities or forms may pose a reasonable risk to health, property or the environment.
An official with the Nashville Fire Department told News 2 around 4:20 a.m. that the situation has been resolved. A total of 17 people were evacuated from the Coca-Cola building. No injuries were reported.
Ammonia is produced by a reaction of hydrogen and nitrogen. The Centers for Disease Control says it is mostly used in fertilizers but can also be used as a refrigerant gas.
Low levels of exposure can lead to eye and nose irritation, including a burning sensation, and it can also irritate the throat. Prolonged exposure could cause serious side effects.
Portions of Craighead Street were closed to traffic throughout the evacuation.
A few of the roads shutdown include Bransford to fairground near Wedgwood.
Craighead to Nolensville Pk
Bransford to Rosedale Ave. This could change as the scent of the ammonia is very strong. Stick with @WKRN for updates. pic.twitter.com/Ag2KoJMQz2
— WKRN Brent Remadna (@RemadnaWKRN) October 14, 2019
(Photo: WKRN)
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Compare Giving Solutions
& Ministries
Ministry Investments
Ministry Accounting
Generosity Magazine
A Church for the Unchurched
New Beginning Baptist Church
Salem, Indiana
It’s not going out on a limb if God asks you to do to it.
In 2005, several founding members of New Beginning Baptist Church, Salem, Ind., took a step of faith and signed a $500,000 loan for their young congregation to build a church facility.
“We shared the vision to be a church for the unchurched,” says pastor Scott Huffaker, bivocational church planter.
Pastor Scott Huffaker leads his congregation to reach out to their rural community with the Gospel. In 2017 alone, 38 people in the rural farming community made professions of faith.
That same vision guided church leaders through designing building plans, choosing a construction company and eventually adapting to their new building.
As a “multipurpose” building, their church home is easily adaptable today for children’s and youth events as well as worship services, which average 100 to 130 attendees most Sunday mornings.
Church potlucks create a great opportunity for New Beginning Baptist Church to invite the community for a free meal.
“We want the church building to be a healing place, a safe place for people to come,” Huffaker’s wife Sherry says. “We offer a warm welcome.”
Beyond church functions, the building also opens its doors to the community as residents use it for events such as reunions, birthday parties, wedding receptions and even a homeschooling group.
Having a multi-purpose building allows New Beginning Baptist Church to open their doors to the community for more events than a traditional building might.
Recently, church leaders set out to refinance that loan signed by its charter members more than a dozen years ago. Through Southeastern Indiana Baptist Association, church leaders discovered WatersEdge Ministry Services, which offered a lower interest rate and committed to invest all interest revenue in other ministries and mission projects.
“There was no reason not to proceed – the loan process was so easy and non-stressful,” Sherry says. “It’s a way to give back.”
The loan, which closed this past March, has been a blessing, Huffaker says, because it “enables us to get out of debt faster, but also relieved the burden of a few charter members who financially backed the original loan.”
Additionally, he says, “With freed-up funds, those monies can be used for future outreach ministries to continue the vision of a church for the unchurched.”
Pastor Scott Huffaker and his wife, Sherry, have the blessing of attending church with their family.
In 2017 alone, 38 people in the rural farming community made professions of faith. “We are praying that number can grow as we are able to fund other outreach ministries in 2018 and beyond,” Huffaker says.
Story by Margaret Colson
Photos by Michael Chandler
WatersEdge Endowment Distribution tops $8.5 million
Bright City – A Leap of Faith
Borrowing Wisely
Interest-Only Loan Payments
Sample Gift Language
AdvisorsMinistry Services
NEW NAME, SAME PURPOSE: The Baptist Foundation of Oklahoma is now WatersEdge.
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Park Hill Sushi Co.
Slotted Spoon Meatball Eatery - Closed
2730 S. Colorado Blvd.
Southeast Denver
http://www.slotted-spoon.com
Hours: Monday through Sunday 11 a.m. to 9 p.m.
Features: Vegetarian Friendly, Catering, Kid Friendly, Takeout
Serving: Lunch, Dinner
Alcohol: No Alcohol
Parking: Parking Lot Available
Fast Casual Fusion
Slotted Spoon Meatball Eatery, which opened in early 2013 in the University of Denver neighborhood, is a meatball-slinging version of Chipotle, the fast-casual chain that got its start just a few blocks away. And co-owners Alex Comisar, Johnny Coast and Jensen Cummings have come up with what looks like a winning concept with their colorful place, which focuses on meatballs, of course, but serves them up in sandwiches, salads and pastas. Cummings may be the most overqualified fast-casual cook in the country, and he's not only created some unusual preparations -- like the surprisingly successful Sgt. Pepper pasta, with chicken meatballs and a creamy red-pepper-and-paprika sauce -- but offers handy suggestions for what items will work together. For example, he knows that a refreshing, dill-heavy tzatziki will complement the falafel-like quinoa-and-black-bean balls in the gyro salad. Well-priced and creative side dishes -- including lemony sautéed kale, coleslaw, and a kid-friendly macaroni and shells with American cheese and bacon -- turn mains into more of a meal.
Reader: The Slotted Spoon Went Bye-Bye Because People Want a Real Restaurant
Monday, February 29, 2016 at 7:56 a.m. by Westword Staff
We're about to post our Restaurant Roll Call for February, a compendium of all the openings and closings in the metro area over the past month. And while several spots opened, there were also some notable places that threw in the ki...
The Slotted Spoon Goes Dark in University Hills
Monday, February 22, 2016 at 7:55 a.m. by Mark Antonation
The Slotted Spoon Meatball Eatery opened in the University Hills shopping center three years ago this month, bringing a new fast-casual concept to Denver: meatballs, and lots of them — meatballs on bread, meatballs on pasta, even me...
The Dish on Jensen Cummings, CRA's Philanthropist Award Winner
Thursday, September 4, 2014 at 6:35 a.m. by Patricia Calhoun
As chef at the now-defunct Row 14, Jensen Cummings was used to being asked to participate in charity events; out of 150 requests, he did 31 events in 2013. And even as he made plans to open his own spot, the Slotted Spoon Meatball E...
Dining out paleo: Ten dishes to satisfy your inner caveman
Tuesday, May 28, 2013 at 7:55 a.m. by Kate Gibbons
The "caveman diet" is getting a real workout across Colorado. The creation of Loren Cordain, a Colorado State University professor who wrote The Paleo Diet and numerous follow-up books, the diet has been picked up by the Crossfit co...
More Fast Casual Restaurants in Denver
Juicy Burgers & Dogs
Juicy Burgers & Dogs is located in a minimalist space in the corner of a small strip mall in Cent...
Chook Charcoal Chicken
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How to Buy a Home-From Debt to a Deposit
Power, Emily
Publisher RANDOM HOUSE AUSTRALIA
RANDOM HOUSE AUSTRALIA / 9780143787907
A practical guide for preparing to enter the property market
Emily Power is the Domain Group magazines editor. She is a news journalist of 14 years' experience, including eight years within the newsroom of Melbourne's Herald Sun and three seasons as a TV presenter with Network Ten's morning show The Circle, and is a twice-published author.
Emily is the go-to real estate commentator for Melbourne's top-rating talkback radio station, 3AW, and a co-host of the station's Saturday Weekend Breakfast program.
When Emily Power declared online, 'I am 33 and my parents give me pocket money,' she started a national debate about personal finances and the challenges of breaking into the property market.
The Pocket Money Savings Plan has empowered Emily to move out of stifling debt and start scouting for her first property. It's a radical solution that won't work for everyone, so Emily, who is now editor of Domain magazines, has interviewed experts to devise other savings methods and household budgets to suit your situation, whether you're single, or planning to buy as a couple or a family.
How can you escape the debt trap? What is stamp duty? And where are the right suburbs to buy property? In the plain and motivating language of someone who's been there and done that, Emily takes you through-
How to save your pocket money
How to be a cheapskate and keep your friends
How to read the market like a pro
How to find the one
How to win the keys.
Along the way, you'll get tips on building a budget wardrobe, cooking healthy recipes on a shoestring, cheap and effective skincare products and economical wines. Before you know it, you too will be stepping over the threshold of your new home.
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The world's first wiki where authorship really matters (Nature Genetics, 2008). Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts. Search thousands of articles and collaborate with scientists around the globe.
wikigene or wiki gene protein drug chemical gene disease author authorship tracking collaborative publishing evolutionary knowledge reputation system wiki2.0 global collaboration genes proteins drugs chemicals diseases compound
Hoffmann, R. A wiki for the life sciences where authorship matters. Nature Genetics (2008)
[search][options]
NCBI Gene
NCBI SNP
iHOP resource
High impact information on ObPVgp1
Biological context of ObPVgp1
Other interactions of ObPVgp1
Language [English]
Please enable Javascript support in your browser to use this application.
Instructions on how to enable JavaScript on different browsers can be found here: http://www.google.com/support/bin/answer.py?answer=23852.
Gene Review:
ObPVgp1 - 180K protein
Obuda pepper virus
Chen, J. et al., Ohno, T. et al., Ishikawa, M. et al., Chen, J. et al., Nishiguchi, M. et al.
Welcome! If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text. Read more.
Welcome to WikiGenes!
If you are familiar with the subject of this article, you can contribute to this open access knowledge base by deleting incorrect information, restructuring or completely rewriting any text.
Ideally this entry shall become one comprehensive and continuous article. Bulleted lists, for instance, were only used because it is impossible to automatically integrate independent facts into a continuous text.
Much of the current information on this page has been automatically compiled from Pubmed.
This precompiled information serves as a substrate and matrix to embed your contributions, but it is by no means the final word - Homo sapiens can do much better!
WikiGenes is a non-profit and open access community project - Read more.
Three (two frame-shift and one non-sense) mutants with an intact 130K but a defective 180K protein gene were not infectious, while two mutants with a one-amino-acid insertion in the 180K protein gene were infectious [1].
Complete nucleotide sequencing of the TMV-R genomic RNA revealed amino acid changes in the 130K/ 180K replicase proteins, the 30K protein, and the coat protein and nucleotide changes in the 5' and 3' noncoding regions compared to TMV-U1 [2].
Examination of the infection phenotypes of the 14 constructed chimeric viruses in BY showed that determinants defining the differential infection phenotype in BY reside in the 130K/180K replicase proteins and the 3' noncoding region [2].
The 130K (1,115 amino acids), 180K (1,615 amino acids), 30K (263 amino acids) and coat protein (158 amino acids) cistrons are located at residues 72-3442, 72-4922, 4906-5700, and 5703-6182 on the genome, respectively [3].
Only three, which were in the common reading frame for both the 130K and 180K proteins, resulted in amino acid changes [4].
The amino acid sequence homologies of the four encoded proteins (180K, 130K, 30K, coat protein) are from 95.9% to 98.0% compared with TMV-U1 [5].
Remarkable differences between them were found in a part of the N-terminal portion of the 130K/180K protein and the C-terminal portion of the 30K protein [3].
In vitro mutagenesis of the putative replicase genes of tobacco mosaic virus. Ishikawa, M., Meshi, T., Motoyoshi, F., Takamatsu, N., Okada, Y. Nucleic Acids Res. (1986) [Pubmed]
Mapping of host range restriction of the rakkyo strain of tobacco mosaic virus in Nicotiana tabacum cv. bright yellow. Chen, J., Watanabe, Y., Sako, N., Ohshima, K., Okada, Y. Virology (1996) [Pubmed]
Nucleotide sequence of the tobacco mosaic virus (tomato strain) genome and comparison with the common strain genome. Ohno, T., Aoyagi, M., Yamanashi, Y., Saito, H., Ikawa, S., Meshi, T., Okada, Y. J. Biochem. (1984) [Pubmed]
Molecular basis of plant viral virulence; the complete nucleotide sequence of an attenuated strain of tobacco mosaic virus. Nishiguchi, M., Kikuchi, S., Kiho, Y., Ohno, T., Meshi, T., Okada, Y. Nucleic Acids Res. (1985) [Pubmed]
Complete nucleotide sequence and synthesis of infectious in vitro transcripts from a full-length cDNA clone of a rakkyo strain of tobacco mosaic virus. Chen, J., Watanabe, Y., Sako, N., Ohshima, K., Okada, Y. Arch. Virol. (1996) [Pubmed]
Contributions to this collaborative article are from individual authors of WikiGenes or mined by the WikiGenes Data Mining Engine from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.About WikiGenesOpen Access LicencePrivacy PolicyTerms of Useapsburg
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34 resultsPast week
List of Super Dragon Ball Heroes episodes - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Super_Dragon_Ball_Heroes_episodes
4 days ago · Super Dragon Ball Heroes is a Japanese original net animation and promotional anime series for the card and video games of the same name.Similar to Dragon Ball GT, it is a manga-inspired installment of the Dragon Ball media franchise, created by Toei Animation instead of franchise creator Akira Toriyama.The opening theme songs for the season are "Universe Mission Series Theme Song" …
Images of Whis vs Space Battles
What is Super Dragon?
Super [&Dragon&] [&Ball&] [&Heroes&] is a [&Japanese&] original net animation and promotional anime series for the card and video games of the same name. Similar to [&Dragon&] [&Ball&] GT, it is a manga-inspired installment of the [&Dragon&] [&Ball&] media franchise, created by Toei Animation instead of franchise creator Akira Toriyama.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Super_Dragon_Ball_Heroes_e…
What race is Vegeta?
Vegeta is introduced as the proud prince of the Saiyan (サイヤ人, Saiya-jin) race. He travels to Earth with his comrade Nappa to use the Dragon Balls to wish for immortality. Nappa easily fights off Earth's heroes and kills Tenshinhan, Chaozu, and Piccolo in the process. Goku then arrives after completing his training with Kaiō-sama.
Vegeta - Wikipedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegita
What is Vegeta scared of?
Vegeta is shown to be exceptionally vain and egotistical. Only in very few instances is he seen to be afraid of opponents, such as against Freeza. Arguably, his most defining trait is his rivalry with Goku and obsession to surpass him in power.
About For Books Dragon Ball Z, Vol. 5 (SJ Edition): Dragon ...
https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x7ymzsh
Jan 12, 2021 · In search of a way to resurrect their dead friends, Kuririn, Gohan, and Bulma go into space in search of Namek--Piccolo's home planet where the Dragon Balls were originally made. But Namek has become a battleground, …
Author: Akram Samuels
List of Dragon Ball Super episodes - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Ball_Super_episodes
6 days ago · Dragon Ball Super is a Japanese anime television series produced by Toei Animation that began airing on July 5, 2015 on Fuji TV. It is the first television series in the Dragon Ball franchise to feature a new story in 18 years. The series begins with a retelling of the events of the last two Dragon Ball Z films, Battle of Gods and Resurrection 'F', which themselves take place during the ten ...
DBFZ/SSB Goku - Dustloop Wiki
https://www.dustloop.com/wiki/index.php?title=DBFZ/SSB_Goku
2 days ago · Version Damage Guard How this attack can be guarded. Smash Which type of cinematic this attack can trigger. Startup Shows how many frame that the corresponding move needs to go through in order to reach its active frames. Active Shows how many frames where there is an attackbox, AKA the hitbox where if the opponent touches it, they will take damage. Occurs after Startup.
Why We Fight - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Why_We_Fight
1 day ago · Why We Fight is a series of seven documentary films which were commissioned by the United States government during World War II in order to tell U.S. soldiers why their country was involved in the war. Later on, they were also shown to the U.S. public in order to persuade it to support U.S. involvement in the war. Most of the films were directed by Frank Capra, who was daunted, yet …
Directed by: Frank Capra, Anatole Litvak
Production company: U.S. Army Pictorial …
Music by: Alfred Newman, Dimitri Tiomkin, Howard Jackson
Produced by: Frank Capra
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Soter Vineyards Planet Oregon Pinot Noir 2015
Pinot Noir from Willamette Valley, Oregon
Quantity Select 1 Ships Tomorrow123Ships Fri, Jan 22456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120
Fresh and bright aromas of strawberries and flowers follow through to a medium to full body, fine and juicy tannins and a savory finish. A beauty. From environmentally sustainable grapes. Drink or hold.
Soter Vineyards
Tony Soter has demonstrated a genius in crafting award winning wine over his five decades of innovative winegrowing; A dedication and reverence to the purity and intrinsic nature of the craft; a mastery is revealed in hi artful ability to allow the character of the place to resonate in the wines; a reflection of both the land and the hand. Tony Soter found his passion in winemaking in Napa Valley where he was the winemaker and consulting winemaker for many iconic proprieties. His start was at Chappellet in the late 70’s, followed by a long tenure at Spottswood, adding Shafer, Dalla Valle, Viader, Moraga, and Araujo to his resume. He started his first winery, Etude, in 1982. Tony was quickly becoming a name in Napa Valley, however his passion of cool climate Pinot Noir would lead him to Oregon in 1997.
Tony Soter started Soter Vineyards at he was certain he found his true passion of winemaking in Oregon.
James Cahill joined Tony Soter in 2002 as the Associate Winemaker. He and Tony crafted lovely Pinot Noirs and developed the Sparkling wine program at the Estate. It is worth mentioning that James’ first interview with Tony was at the Mineral Springs address; the vineyard had not been planted but the site clearly had tremendous potential. Today, James is a veteran of 25 harvest season in Oregon. He oversees all grower partnerships and collaborates on all winemaking at Soter Vineyards.
Home of some of the planet’s most amazingly elegant and expressive Pinot noir, the Willamette Valley is a pastoral, mixed landscape of green, bucolic rolling hills, dramatic forestlands and small, independent, friendly wine growers. As a leader in environmental stewardship, the valley has some of the nation’s most protective land use policies, with two-thirds of its vineyards farmed sustainably and over half, organically. While the valley claims a cool, continental climate, and is heavily influenced by the cold, moist winds of the Pacific Ocean, its warm and dry summers allow for the steady, even ripening of Pinot noir.
The potential of Willamette Valley Pinot noir continues to attract the investment of serious growers and winemakers both locally and from abroad, as naturally the finished wines bring accolades from professionals and enthusiasts. With a range of styles from delicate dried cherry, raspberry and hibiscus to stronger notes of truffle, mocha, plum and spice, a fine Willamette Valley Pinot noir is a perfect expression of both character and grace.
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You are here: Home - Household Bills - News -
Warning about scam ads on Facebook and Google
Written by: Emma Lunn
Which? found fraudsters can create scam ads on popular platforms within hours, after carrying out its own tests.
Facebook and Google lack effective controls to stop criminals creating and posting fake adverts and spreading misinformation, according to Which?
The two platforms accounted for the majority of the UK’s digital advertising market in 2019, earning 80% of the £14bn expenditure in this industry, according to the Competition and Markets Authority (CMA).
While thousands of legitimate businesses use Facebook and Google to advertise their products or services, there has been an increase in fraudsters using fake companies and false information to lure in victims and steal their money.
Fake companies on Google
Which? created two linked fake companies to expose how easy it is for fraudsters to create and promote false adverts. The fake companies were a water brand named Remedii, and an online service offering pseudo health and hydration advice called Natural Hydration.
Google operates a pay-per-click system which allows businesses to compete for a prominent position on online searches. The search engine earned £6bn from UK search advertising in 2019.
Although Google has taken steps to improve ad transparency over the past few years and introduced a verification process for political advertisers in 2018, it has yet to extend this to all advertisers on its platform.
Which? found that Google just required advertisers to have a Gmail account to create adverts and while it did review adverts submitted, it did not verify if the business existed or was legitimate, nor ask for proof of identity.
The adverts Which? created for both fake businesses were approved by Google in less than an hour and garnered nearly 100,000 impressions over the space of a month.
Worryingly, the fake advert for Natural Hydration appeared above the official NHS Scotland pages when users searched for “hydration advice”.
In April, Google announced plans to improve advertising transparency that will require all advertisers to complete an identity verification programme providing proof of identity or business incorporation documents.
However, these rules do not come into force in the UK until early 2021 and Which? believes they do not go far enough.
Fake business pages on Facebook
Facebook earned more than £2bn from UK display advertising in 2019 and while it has restrictions when it comes to adverts that could cause harm, Which? found it was still worryingly easy to create a fake business page.
Using a personal Facebook account, which only requires an email address or mobile number to set up, Which? created a business page for Natural Hydration and produced a range of posts with pseudo health advice to promote it.
Which? paid Facebook to promote this page, which garnered 500 likes in a week.
Facebook introduced an in-app tool for reporting scam ads last year.
Targeted audience
Using targeted advertising on Facebook and Google, Which? was also able to tailor the audience who received the fake ads.
On Facebook, Which? targeted females aged between 18 and 65 with interests in health and wellbeing, water and extreme weight loss. On Google, it was possible to target users who searched for terms such as “eczema treatment”, “high blood pressure” and “suicide”.
While Google allows users to opt-out of personalised adverts, this setting is turned on by default on Facebook. This highlights just how easy it would be for unscrupulous advertisers who abuse the platform to target people with harmful or suspicious adverts.
Reporting scam ads
The Advertising Standards Authority (ASA) and Internet Advertising Bureau (IAB) launched a scam ad alert system to flag and remove suspicious and fake adverts last month.
But Which? believes tech companies need to take a more proactive approach to stop fake adverts from appearing on their platforms in the first place.
Harry Rose, Which? magazine editor, says: “Fraudulent activity is rife on social media and search engines and our investigation has exposed that a lack of controls on Facebook and Google has made it worryingly easy for fraudsters to create adverts promoting scams or fake products and services.
“Tech giants earn billions from advertising and should be putting more resources into preventing fraudsters from abusing their platforms, so consumers can trust that the adverts they see are legitimate.
“The government should widen its definition of ‘online harms’ to include fake adverts and content, which would mean future regulation would require more action from tech companies to tackle false advertising.”
Watch for these fake Covid-19 vaccination messages
‘Irresponsible’ Klarna ads banned
Warning about ‘sharp rise’ in facility takeover scams
Online harms bill criticised for omissions
Tagged: advertising Facebook fraud Google which? scam ads
By Emma Lunn
The countries you can visit without self-isolating upon return to England
The government has published a list of 'travel corridor' countries people can visit without having to quarantine upon return to...
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Found 11 Documents (Results 1–11)
Marigo, Jean-Jacques; Maurel, Agnès; Pham, Kim; Sbitti, Amine
Effective dynamic properties of a row of elastic inclusions: the case of scalar shear waves. (English) Zbl 1374.74106
J. Elasticity 128, No. 2, 265-289 (2017).
MSC: 74Q10 74Q15 74Q20
\textit{J.-J. Marigo} et al., J. Elasticity 128, No. 2, 265--289 (2017; Zbl 1374.74106)
Marigo, Jean-Jacques; Maurini, Corrado; Pham, Kim
An overview of the modelling of fracture by gradient damage models. (English) Zbl 1374.74109
Meccanica 51, No. 12, 3107-3128 (2016).
MSC: 74R10
\textit{J.-J. Marigo} et al., Meccanica 51, No. 12, 3107--3128 (2016; Zbl 1374.74109)
Pham, Kim
An energetic formulation of a one-dimensional model of superelastic SMA. (English) Zbl 1341.74027
Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 26, No. 6, 833-857 (2014).
MSC: 74B20 74N10 74C10
\textit{K. Pham}, Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 26, No. 6, 833--857 (2014; Zbl 1341.74027)
Pham, Kim; Marigo, Jean-Jacques
From the onset of damage to rupture: construction of responses with damage localization for a general class of gradient damage models. (English) Zbl 1343.74004
Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 25, No. 2-4, 147-171 (2013).
MSC: 74A45 74R99
\textit{K. Pham} and \textit{J.-J. Marigo}, Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. 25, No. 2--4, 147--171 (2013; Zbl 1343.74004)
Pham, K.; Kouznetsova, V. G.; Geers, M. G. D.
Transient computational homogenization for heterogeneous materials under dynamic excitation. (English) Zbl 1325.74125
J. Mech. Phys. Solids 61, No. 11, 2125-2146 (2013); corrigendum ibid. 64, 483 (2014).
MSC: 74Q20 74H15 74E05 74N15 74Q05 74S30
\textit{K. Pham} et al., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 61, No. 11, 2125--2146 (2013; Zbl 1325.74125)
Pham, K.; Marigo, J.-J.
Stability of homogeneous states with gradient damage models: size effects and shape effects in the three-dimensional setting. (English) Zbl 1263.74046
J. Elasticity 110, No. 1, 63-93 (2013).
MSC: 74R10 49J40 26A45 47J30
\textit{K. Pham} and \textit{J. J. Marigo}, J. Elasticity 110, No. 1, 63--93 (2013; Zbl 1263.74046)
Pham, Kim; Marigo, Jean-Jacques; Maurini, Corrado
The issues of the uniqueness and the stability of the homogeneous response in uniaxial tests with gradient damage models. (English) Zbl 1270.74015
J. Mech. Phys. Solids 59, No. 6, 1163-1190 (2011).
MSC: 74A45 74H25
\textit{K. Pham} et al., J. Mech. Phys. Solids 59, No. 6, 1163--1190 (2011; Zbl 1270.74015)
The variational approach to damage. II: The gradient damage models. (Approche variationnelle de l’endommagement. II: Les modèles à gradient.) (French. Abridged English version) Zbl 1300.74047
C. R., Méc., Acad. Sci. Paris 338, No. 4, 199-206 (2010).
\textit{K. Pham} and \textit{J.-J. Marigo}, C. R., Méc., Acad. Sci. Paris 338, No. 4, 199--206 (2010; Zbl 1300.74047)
The variational approach to damage. I: The foundations. (Approche variationnelle de l’endommagement. I: Les concepts fondamentaux.) (French. Abridged English version) Zbl 1300.74046
Pham, Kim Son (10)
Maurini, Corrado (2)
Geers, Marc G. D. (1)
Kouznetsova, Varvara G. (1)
Sbitti, Amine (1)
Contin. Mech. Thermodyn. (2)
C. R., Méc., Acad. Sci. Paris (2)
J. Mech. Phys. Solids (2)
J. Elasticity (2)
Meccanica (1)
PETSc (1)
FEniCS (1)
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Why D’banj sacks producer
By OGBENI OPA (Erinlakatabu) On Mar 15, 2016
Emergency’ crooner, D’banj, seems not to be happy with his music producer, Divine Austin better known as Deevee, after a disappointing four years working relationship.
Although the motive for both parties parting way was yet to be known but Deevee has disclosed that he does not regret working with the singer for the past four years.
It has been a long time since fans got to hear a hit track from D’banj, and with the sack of his manager, fans will be hoping to see who he gets as a replacement and how blossoms his career will be.
He recently released his new song titled ‘Emergency’ which was produced by P Loops and has been doing fine and it is hoped that he will have a follow up song to that now he seems to have time for his music.
It will be recalled that the same producer late 2015, had called out rapper Olamide for stealing D’Banj’s song.
DeeVee confirming the breakup wrote, “4 years after, end of an era. Moving on, LeeTemple was fun, let’s conquer again.”
Singer D’banj recovers Instagram account after hacking incident
Everyday you use death of your child to emotionally blackmail…
‘How My Son Escaped Ogun Tanker Explosion’ – Actress Omowunmi Ajiboye Recounts
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Videos not playing?
Check out our official YouTube Channel!
The music video for CONTINUUM SHIFT was assembled using live footage from one of the most amazing festivals we have played so far:
Rock Harz Open Air in July 2014. So freaking awesome we have yet to find an experience similar to this! Edited by Mirko Witzki.
The music video for TELLTALE NOTION was shot in January 2014. We are more than happy to have won Mirko Witzki who belongs to the most talented young video artists from our region. It was freezing cold but we had one hell of a good time!
Official Lyric Video featuring the song BEAUTY IN PASSING, taken from the 2014 release The Black Wild Yonder.
A really smooth lyric video for EVER AFTER, one of our most highly anticipated songs so far. Put together by Alexander Otto himself using footage of one of his photography trips to Portugal.
THE GREAT ESCAPE - Official Lyric Video. Also shot by Alex himself on one of his photography trips to Portugal. The video was released shortly after the official Immersion album release.
One of our first official Youtube uploads and also the song that got us a record deal with one of Germany's major record labels! Taken from the 2012 release Immersion, SORAE still makes crowds go absolutely nuts!
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の結果を表示
近々発売
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Illinois Jacquet - Collection: 1942-56
レーベル検索 Illinois Jacquet
リリース 2017/07/07
ミュージックジャンル Jazz
フォーマット CD
価格: ¥1,913
Illinois Jacquet was a tenor saxophonist of the Texas school who bridged the gap between swing, R&B and post-war jazz with a powerful and emotional style which was equally at home in the full orchestras of the likes of Lionel Hampton and Count Basie as it was in the quintets and sextets that he led during his recording heyday of the late '40s and early '50s. He came to the fore in 1942, when, aged just 20, he recorded an inspired solo in Lionel Hampton's "Flying Home", which became a landmark of the genre, endlessly copied by other players over the years. He was one of the core musicians in Norman Granz's "Jazz At The Philharmonic" concerts, underlining the respect he enjoyed with his peers and his ability to improvise, which is amply evident from the selections in this anthology. This excellent-value 44-track collection does not set out to be in any way definitive - it simply comprises selections from studio sessions, and one or two 'live' performances, design to include some of the recordings which have been highlighted by commentators over the years as representing among the best examples of his unique style and skill. It inevitably includes performances alongside some of the jazz luminaries who were his peers - too numerous to list here - featuring him as both sideman and leader, and it is an entertaining introduction to an innovative sax stylist.
アーティスト: Illinois Jacquet
タイトル: Illinois Jacquet - Collection: 1942-56
ジャンル: Jazz
レーベル: Acrobat
ディスクの数: 2
フォーマット: CD
バーコード: 824046320324
Illinois Jacquet
DVD リージョンコードについて
ブルーレイ リージョンコードについて
安全なショッピングへの保証
全価格 JPY | WOW HD JP
支払いカード:
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First ‘murder hornet’ captured by Wash. entomologists in plan to stop species’ spread
Published: Aug. 2, 2020 at 6:06 AM CDT
BIRCH BAY, Wash. (Gray News) - Entomologists in Washington have accomplished the first step in a plan to stop the invasive Asian giant hornet from spreading across the state.
The first Asian giant hornet, popularly known as the “murder hornet,” has been captured in Washington state. The hornet was found dead July 14 in a trap near Birch Bay, not far from where the initial sightings were in Blaine.
“Our initial feeling is that this is a worker hornet. Our response to this will be to inundate the area immediately surrounding that positive trap capture with additional traps that are designed to capture the hornets alive,” said Sven Spichiger, the managing entomologist for the Washington State Department of Agriculture.
The WSDA will now search for Asian giant hornet nests using infrared cameras and place additional traps intended to capture live hornets in an attempt to tag and track them back to the colony. Once located, the agency will eradicate the colony.
“This is encouraging because it means we know that the traps work,” Spichiger said. “But it also means we have work to do.”
The WSDA hopes to find and destroy the nest by mid-September, which is when the colony would begin creating new reproducing queens and drones.
There have been five confirmed sightings in Washington of the hornets, which are capable of killing off entire honeybee colonies, small animals and, in rare cases, humans. It’s unknown how the invasive species made it to the United States, but the long-standing belief is that they came with cargo from overseas.
Copyright 2020 Gray Media Group, Inc. All rights reserved KIRO contributed to this report via CNN.
Questions answered about COVID-19 vaccine distribution in Wisconsin
First Alert Tuesday Weather Forecast - A warming trend starts tomorrow
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Home > Trout Unlimited Applauds Withdrawal of Harmful Mining ProvisionsPublic Lands Safe From Firesale
Trout Unlimited Applauds Withdrawal of Harmful Mining ProvisionsPublic Lands Safe From Firesale
Contact: Chris Hunt, (208) 406-9106, chunt@tu.org or Kathleen Campbell, (571) 274-0597, kcampbell@tu.org
Trout Unlimited Applauds Withdrawal of Harmful Mining Provisions
Public Lands Safe From Firesale
WASHINGTON, DC—Rep. Gibbons (R-NV) yesterday pulled provisions from the Reconciliation Bill that would have sold public lands to mining companies and other development interests for $1,000 an acre.
“This is a great day for all Americans who believe that public lands belong in public hands,” said Steve Moyer, Trout Unlimited’s Vice President for Government Affairs. “Trout Unlimited members and other sportsmen are deeply supportive of modernizing the 1872 mining law and making it more environmentally friendly. This dialogue should occur in the light of day through the standard legislative process.”
Rep. Gibbons announced Wednesday afternoon that he withdrew the mining provisions, which were contained in the House-passed version of the Reconciliation bill. This withdrawal followed several weeks of vocal opposition from Western officials, community leaders, and anglers and hunters.
Trout Unlimited led a dozen fish and wildlife organizations in the initial opposition of the measure. These groups sent a letter to members of Congress opposing the sale of public lands to mining companies and other development interests because it “would open these previously public lands to development, fragmentation, habitat loss, and potential pollution.” (full text of letter available at www.tu.org).
“Trout Unlimited members and other sportsmen played a crucial role in forcing the withdrawal of these harmful provisions,” said Brian O’Donnell, Director of TU’s Public Lands Initiative. “The message from America’s sportsmen is clear. Public lands provide the last, best places to hunt and fish, and they should not be sold off.”
Trout Unlimited is North America’s leading coldwater fisheries conservation organization, with more than 150,000 members dedicated to the protection and restoration of trout and salmon fisheries and their watersheds.
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By : Nathan Muller
Category : Our Blog
Ransomware has become one of the biggest perils haunting the web. According to The Coveware Quarterly Ransomware Report, not only are ransomware attackers going after larger companies, the average ransomware payment has risen to $233,817 – a 31% increase from this time last year.
Key Take-way from the Report
“The biggest change over the past 6 quarters is threat actors now realize that their tactics [can] scale to much larger enterprises without much of an increase in their own operating costs. The profit margins are extremely high and the risk [of getting caught] is low.”
A Growing Threat
It’s not only companies that are being hurt by ransomware, municipalities, hospitals and schools are increasingly the targets of this extortion method. Consequently, whole communities are burdened by the loss or interruption of vital services. Often, taxpayers must pick up the tab for data recovery, security consultants, and massive updates to equipment and software that will better protect computer systems and networks against future attacks.
The cost of these measures can run into the millions of dollars. Some of the costs can be picked up by insurance companies, but cyber security provisions can be invalidated or decremented if the victim has not acted responsibly to protect their IT infrastructure, especially after failing to take corrective action spelled out in a previous security audit.
Ransomware incidents have been growing unchecked, and this economically destructive cyber crime has increasingly led to dangerous, physical consequences. It is clear that ransomware has become too large a threat for any one entity to address alone.
Industry Response
To develop a unified response, the newly formed Ransomware Task Force – a group of 19 security firms, tech companies and non-profits which include Microsoft and McAfee – has announced its plan to form a coalition to deal with this rising threat.
The RTF will commission expert papers on the topic, engage stakeholders across industries, identify gaps in current solutions, and then work on a common roadmap to address ransomware issues. The group’s goal is the creation of a standardized framework for dealing with ransomware attacks across all market segments that will be based on proven strategies and industry consensus rather than on individual random advice offered by lone contractors.
An RTF website will debut in January 2021 to expand membership and ransomware awareness, with ongoing ransomware guidance from the RTF expected to start in April.
Nathan Muller is the author of 29 technical books and over 3,000 articles that have appeared in 75 publications worldwide. He also writes articles, blogs and social media content for tech companies and their executives.
Tags : Cyber CrimeRansomwareSecurity
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Bijou, the Jewel of De Nile
Bijou (meaning jewel in French) has been in our family since we lived in Texas, and has been an important member of our family of six. Whether she’s eating ham from my son’s sandwich, or looking at us expectantly when we open cans of tuna, one thing’s for sure; our home would never be the same without our little lady, our Bijou.
Since then, she’s put up with a lot of things, from coyotes hoping to make their meal of her, to a family with four young kids, 12 and under. Regardless the challenge, she’s always been there with us. An avid hunter, she was welcomed by neighbors, and helped keep voles and mice at bay in our small corner of the neighborhood.
When we moved to Colorado, our Texas neighbors were saddened, but Bijou quickly made herself at home in the older Boulder home with even more mice to dispatch. Now she spends her time hunting, taking long walks along the fence line, and loudly reprimanding the neighbors who don’t pet her immediately. It’s her job after all.
For a non-Siamese, our girl is pretty verbal, letting us know in articulate yowls and miaouuuuus and chirps and squeaks what she thinks of things. Some cats give you the eye, but there’s none of that with Bijou, who’s not afraid to bristle her tail and chatter at us for permission to eat. Sometimes she loudly scolds us when we haven’t let her in (or out) with enough expediency. And she always patiently inwardly sighs when one of the kids thinks it is hilarious to stage ridiculous cat moments on film.
Of course, she gets back at them later by harassing them in their sleep…
She also tends to stretch herself out strategically under the cherry trees. Appearing as though she could not care less what happened around her, she licked her paws and elongates herself in a long, feline yawn, one eye squinting around for robins who had been happily chattering about those red, ripe bits of fruit. Strangely, no cherries disappeared, but a few less robins have been seen chattering. And, as always, Bijou remains happy with herself.
One day it arrived from the deep. All right, maybe that’s a little dramatic, but when Aspen, our white Westie, came home with us a few years later, Bijou was so annoyed with us for shaking up her comfortable, quiet home that she soundly refused to enter the main level of the home for weeks. I can’t say I blamed the girl. The dog, after all, proved to have no manners, and Bijou has always been a lady through and through.
As a matter of fact, see the top, featured image? Bijou rests, savage huntress of the Savannah… but wait; that’s no wild scene. The rest is below.
They think they’re the presents…
Still, after years of careful training, the sometimes-impolite-in-her-exuberance white creature with the big doe eyes and a nose that looks like a black olive has finally passed Bijou’s muster, and is allowed to preside in her presence.
In fact, while I wouldn’t go so far as saying the two are fast friends (more along the lines of slow acquaintances with boundaries enforced by cat claws) the two are amiable, Bijou showing, as she always has, the way to her little furry heart is in not eating her food and drinking all of her water when she’s not looking or stealing her warm spot on the sofa when she’s popped out to investigate a ham sandwich.
Bijou tolerates Aspen now, even if ever so slightly.
And, as with the rest of us, Aspen wants to be near her friend and mentor, the true alpha dog of the family: the cat.
How do you feel about your sweet, sometimes finicky bundle of love? Purina wants to know– and you might win $5,000 in the process.
Contest Details:
• Share your story
Pick a theme, create a title and tell us your story.* Share any story you’d like, but be sure to tell us how very special your relationship is with your cat as well as how he or she is always there for you—these are important details that will help us select our finalists. And although photos and videos are optional, we’d certainly love to see you with the cats in your life!
• Be entered into the contest
Stories shared between 12:00:01 p.m. ET June 4, 2012 and 11:59 a.m. ET July 31, 2012 are entered into the contest. And you can share your story through Facebook, YouTube or CatChow.com!
• Vote for the winners—one of them could be you!
Our finalists will be announced and voting begins on Facebook, YouTube and CatChow.com August 28, 2012 at 12:00:01 p.m. ET. Votes will be accepted through 11:59:59 a.m. ET on September 18, 2012 and the winners announced on or around October 1, 2012! There is a limit of one vote per person/IP address, per day, from all voting channels combined.
5 grand prizes:
$5,000 cash plus a one year supply of Purina® Cat Chow®
5 runner-up prizes:
And 40 honorable mentions win a $100 Amazon gift card!
For complete details, see Official Rules.
The Real Stories Project is an app that collects the real stories of cat people everywhere. Cats are special to each of us – this is our way of celebrating how
much of a role they play in our lives, all the memories we have had together, and the fact that they are always there for us, no matter what. This experience
lives on yourcatstory.com, catchow.com, facebook.com/purinacatchow, and youtube.com/purinacatchow.
Enter a story during June and July and participants have an opportunity to win $5,000 and a one-year supply of Purina Cat Chow.
Disclosure: Compensation was provided by Purina Cat Chow via Glam Media.The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and are not indicative of the opinions or positions of Purina Cat Chow.”
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Do Greenpeace causes deserve immunity from prosecution?
I don’t think there’s a simple answer to this – protests and degrees of lawbreaking and importance of causes can vary a lot.
But Russel Norman and co-defendant Sara Howell are claiming that if they are convicted for “low level civil disobedience” it would prevent other protests for fear of prosecution.
There are ways to protest without breaking the law, but that’s not part of this story.
Stuff: Greenpeace activists oil ship protest was just ‘low level disobedience’
Greenpeace executive director Russel Norman and fellow activist Sara Howell appeared in Napier District Court on Friday to apply for a discharge without conviction after admitting a charge of interfering with an oil exploration vessel.
Crown prosecutor Cameron Stuart said the pair caused significant disruption and danger and there was a high level of perseverance and premeditation by the defendants, as evidenced by the fact they acknowledged they rehearsed their moves in advance.
Their actions posed huge risk to them and to the ship’s crew and sensationalised what would have been a peaceful and legal activity”.
“This hearing is not about the morality of the law. It’s not about oil. It’s not about climate change,” Stuart said.
He said the consequences of a conviction would not be out of all proportion to the gravity of the offending. He said the pair had leveraged what they called an “unjust prosecution” as a means of publicising their views.
This raised questions as to how their reputation could be damaged if they were convicted, he said.
The defence
Norman and Howell were represented by Ron Mansfield, said the pair were devoted to fighting climate change and the burning of fossil fuels.
Their views were genuine, well-held, and designed to care for generations to come, Mansfield said.
He said the pair had entered the water at a distance from the vessel that permitted it to avoid them without too much disruption.
He said the danger had been “completely overstated” and the pair could have been removed from the water at any time.
Mansfield said the offending was “low level civil disobedience” and it would be concerning if others undertaking such protests were prevented from doing so because they feared being convicted.
Judge Arthur Tompkins said that argument “cut both ways” and there may be an argument as to why a conviction was necessary.
Judge Tompkins said other protesters had been convicted in the past and this had not had the “chilling effect” Mansfield suggested.
The verdict – not yet
Judge Tompkins reserved his decision. The pair were remanded until September 24.
The pair faced a maximum penalty of 12 months’ imprisonment, or a fine of up to $50,000 for the offence of interfering with or coming within 500m of an offshore ship involved in oil exploration.
Protest is an important part of a democratic country.
Laws are generally to protect safety and freedoms.
The offence of interfering or coming close to a ship involved in exploration was contentious. From NZ Petroleum & Minerals:
People are free to protest on the water as they are on land – provided they do not interfere with structures or vessels involved in lawful petroleum and minerals activities.
While a number of laws cover activities at sea, provisions specific to offshore petroleum and minerals activities were introduced following protests that hindered a seismic survey vessel in 2011.
In May 2013 the Crown Minerals Act 1991, which governs the allocation of the Crown’s petroleum and mineral resources, was amended. New offences were introduced for damaging or interfering with structures or ships being used offshore in prospecting, exploration and mining activities – including incursions into specified Non Interference Zones.
Green MP Gareth Hughes in parliament 13 April 2017:
GARETH HUGHES (Green) to the Minister of Energy and Resources: Does she agree with Dr Russel Norman, who said that section 101B(1)(c) of the Crown Minerals Act 1991, known as the Anadarko Amendment, was “put in place by the Government to protect the interest of big oil and to stifle dissent”?
If the “Anadarko Amendment” is all about protecting people’s safety, why does it apply only to the oil and mining industries, and is this simply a case of one law for us and one law for oil?
Can the Minister confirm that that 2013 amendment, used to charge Dr Norman, was passed under urgency with no consultation and received no New Zealand Bill of Rights Act check, and that polls at the time showed 79 percent of Kiwis wanted to see it withdrawn or sent back to committee?
I remember the opposition to the bill, but I don’t remember the poll, and I can’t find it..
by Pete George on 21st July 2018 • Permalink
Tagged Anardarko Amendment, court, Crown Minerals Act 1991, Gareth Hughes, prosecution, Russel Norman, Sara Howell
Posted by Pete George on 21st July 2018
https://yournz.org/2018/07/21/do-greenpeace-causes-deserve-immunity-from-prosecution/
Trump invites Putin to White House meeting
Nation: James Shaw on climate change progress
/ 21st July 2018
Best place to decide that each time is the Courts.
I agree, breaking the law and endangering lives is not integral to a protest.
This reminds me of that Kiwi peace activist who got onto a US Airbase and damaged the tire of a B52. She was charged with a Federal Offence and spent all of her time bitching about the conditions in the prison she was incarcerated in. What did she expect?
lurcher1948
She poured blood on the tyre of the death bringing machine,doing no physical damage
Could have thrown 100 and 1000 sprinkles the result would have been the same.
She wasn’t charged for activism but breaking a law.
Remind me what were Norman and Howell charged with?
artcroft
So the Left is arguing they should be allowed to shut down the free speech rights of others AND break the law themselves without fear of prosecution. That’s some sense of entitlement right there.
Like a slinger wearing a bullet proof vest, Arty. That type of entitlement can get a owlhoot killed in the real world of natural justice. One law for all.
As Gezza said, let the courts decide.
Some Greenpeace background material that does not read too savoury.
https://www.biggreenradicals.com/group/greenpeace/
“In addition to uncovering Greenpeace’s collusion with government and industry, his access to secret financial accounts found that a meager six percent of revenue went to field operations while 11 percent went to legal expenses to attack the organization’s critics and defend members who had run afoul with the law.
According to classified documents he obtained, an astounding 60 percent of the organization’s revenue went to salaries.”
All that is Green is not Gold.
I used to be a passionate Greenpeace supporter, but became very disillusioned later.
It’s just a pyramid scheme.
sometimes ‘civil disobedience’ is required to get the public attention (eg Cannabis reform; J-day) BUT as with this.. breaking the law does leave you open to arrest & prosecution, if the police deem it ‘necessary’.. but as M Gandhi & ML King said; NON-violent protest/civil disobedience is the best option, to achieve change !
Pete George
It makes sense to try to avoid things that will get you arrested when trying civil disobedience.
tautoko PG.. BUT… being part of the ‘silent majority’ often get you nowhere 🙂
People like Gandhi were prepared to take the consequences, as were the US civil rights activists,
It’s extraordinary that in ‘the land of the free’ people couldn’t marry a person with a different skin colour until about 50 years ago, and that many blacks didn’t have the vote then, either. Black women, I heard, had it last of all.
The “silent majority” think that Norman is an idiot.
arshdeep.nz
How could courts decide immunity? Courts will enforce law as it stands. I don’t think Greenpeace (or anyone else for that matter) deserve immunity from courts. I thinka any immunity should come from the law.
Commonsense should prevail.
Years ago when someone set themselves alight here, a schoolboy ran into a shop and grabbed the fire extinguisher off the wall without wasting time in explanations. He was not charged with theft, although technically it was one. I saw cars speeding to get off a bypass when the police were going to an emergency and there wasn’t room to pass, but I don’t suppose that the drivers were charged.
Greenpeace has come to think that it’s above the law and gone away from its roots, alas.
I think it’s a badly-conceived law. What is needed is the ability to sue for damages in a cost-effective and meaningful way. The legal eagles need to put their minds to that.
Maggy Wassilieff
Greenpeace has a history of illegal and damaging activities
https://business.financialpost.com/news/greenpeace-admits-its-attacks-on-forest-products-giant-were-non-verifiable-statements-of-subjective-opinion
http://www.roughlydrafted.com/RD/Home/ABC6DFDA-9DE9-4EA8-A269-65EAAB628676.html
https://qz.com/417805/greenpeace-crashed-the-seal-product-market-and-inuit-livelihood-along-with-it/
http://www.iflscience.com/environment/greenpeace-irrevocably-damages-fragile-nazca-lines-peru-during-publicity-stunt/
Nookin
I am not sure that we really have a good paradigm for activism and protest in NZ. It really favours the protester at the cost of the alleged ogre.
The installation at Waihopai was deliberately and intentionally damaged at huge cost. No criminal sanction because they believed they were on the side of the angels.
The Occupy Auckland mob caused significant damage to Aotea Sq. Again, the ratepayers bore the cost.
I see that Laurel Southern was charged $60,000 by Aussie police for security. She was doing nothing illegal but pays for the cost of security because activists know that the greater the threat to peace and quiet, the greater the cost that their victim will bear. She will be expected to carry the costs of security if she gets a venue in NZ. The protesters will salivate as they see how easy it is to run up a huge bill for her to pay.
How much did Auckland City pay in costs because a stubborn, misguided activist refused to pay her rates? The courts told her repeatedly that she was wrong.
We are living in a society which is sucked in by virtue signalling by people who do not give a toss about law and order and the rights of others if it means getting their own way.
Do Greenpeace causes deserve immunity from prosecution? — Your NZ – NZ Conservative Coalition
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Pawn Sacrifice – Edward Zwick (2015)
I normally espouse going into a film almost randomly, not knowing what I am getting into – keeps the experience fresh, you know. So it was with Pawn Sacrifice. I knew it was about chess, rather than having to hock your wedding ring to pay off your bookie, and I was right on that count. I did not know that it was about Fischer and Spassky, or that it was, horror of horrors, a biopic. Naive dunderhead I may be, I only knew it had gotten generally positive buzz, had something to do with the Cold War, and was fictional. Were that it were so! How will they (those phantom filmmakers, as I had not yet discovered it was directed by Ed Zwick) make chess interesting on the big screen? Short answer – they won’t. Instead of the cooler, more serene sequel to Pi I was hoping for, we have instead a rehashing of the life of Bobby Fischer, with the narrative edifice built around his legendary series in Iceland against Spassky in 1972. Does anyone not know this story? I feel like I’ve seen it on PBS, on the History Channel, read about it in Games magazine… so this is hardly freshly trodden ground (except that those were small screen exertions). For those who don’t know, and would remotely care (although I don’t know why), Bobby Fischer was a chess prodigy born in Chicago, son of a German biophysicist (although the paternity is controversial) and physician mother Regina (played by Robin Weigert). Mom, although a consummate leftist, must leave Dad in Moscow during the onset of World War II. Our film finds Regina, now a single Mom, rearing older daughter Joan (Lily Rabe) and Bobby (Tobey Maguire) in a Brooklyn brownstone that also serves as a pressure cooker of paranoia. You see, the Feds are interested in Mom due to her politics and foreign service, so they often park out front and take photos, and Bobby is schooled from a young age in the proper etiquette of putting off impolite inquiries from G-Men. Somehow taking an early interest in chess, Bobby is quickly referred to the Brooklyn Chess Club by his psychiatrist, and is taken under the tutelage of Carmine Nigro (Conrad Pla), its president. From there, we are only a series of montage sequences away from Fischer’s early, still relatively sane triumphs, and from there onward again through another series of montage sequences to the heavyweight match against the man most likely to wear sunglasses at the chess board, Mr. Boris Spassky (Liev Schreiber). Of course, as anyone who knows the story of Bobby Fischer will understand, the montage sequences are just the skeleton over which the sinews of insanity will be draped. Bobby starts out paranoid (not unjustifiably, thanks to Mom), and gets more so exponentially. Obsessed with Spassky, yet also seemingly afraid to take him on, Fischer continually plays matches, gets to a high level of competition, then explodes, affronted by perceived slights and inequalities which grow more and more absurd and egotistical; he then makes demands, claims that he is the single most important factor in the chess equation, and pushes until, absurdly, his demands are always met. Thus reinforced, he then usually loses the match, but is now confident that he should wash, rinse, and repeat, albeit at an even more fevered and intense pitch. (You can always tell when Fischer is about to snap because Maguire gets a certain set to his jaw, looks up and to the right, into the distance, hands on hips, as if he were about to reveal himself to be Superparanoiaman). Accompanying Fischer in his endeavor to rise to the peak (and then retreat, over and over again) are lawyer Paul Marshall (Michael Stuhlbarg), Fischer’s fixer and personal Iago, who is driven by jingoistic Cold War “patriotism,” and the not cynical Father Bill Lombardy (Peter Sarsgaard), who sticks with Fischer (most of the time) due to a mix of compassion and deep love for the game. Eventually, we reach Reykjavik, and the movie slows to a more sluggish mix of montage sequences and hazily portrayed chess games. Yes, eventually Fischer wins, although we are spared having to see all 21 individual matches. Fischer gets a standing ovation from Spassky, which of course does nothing but arouse his suspicions (he starts going Superparanoiaman, but then realizes he has nothing to bitch about, since he is now World Champ). We then get yet another closing montage sequence detailing Fischer’s slow slide into ignominy and at least partial insanity. T h e e n d.
There are a few (and I mean damn few) bright points. Sarsgaard is likable enough as chess priest. Liev Schreiber speaks passable Russian. Time can be spent pondering if Fischer is insane, or if he is indeed playing the greatest (meta)game of all time. (This is the film’s strongest suit). Otherwise, the film really is the poster child for everything that is horrible about biopics. It is deeply boring, as it tells us a story we already know without anything but the most superficial insights into the psychology of the tale’s actors. Spassky is a Soviet tank, lumbering ever onward, crushing all opposition, while Fischer is that most charming combination, an insecure egomaniac. Having to watch scene after scene where he builds himself up as the most indispensable man in the world, and having to watch Marshall kowtow to him, does begin to achieve some degree of impact at least, as Fischer’s arrogance, no matter what the cause, becomes totally intolerable. The film tries to provide some compassion in the form of Father Lombardy (“he’s not afraid to lose… he’s afraid to win”), but Fischer, as in real life, is bulletproof. Our sympathies cannot penetrate his force field of tooth grinding jerkiness. There are more montage sequences than in an NBC Olympics broadcast, and they are of about the same quality – reductive, and telegraphing exactly which one emotion we are supposed to feel. (Admiration during young Fischer’s speed chess wins, gritty nostalgia during the oh-lord-I-can’t-believe-I-actually-have-to-watch-a-’60s-greatest-social-unrest-hits-set-to-White-Rabbit sequence, patriotism during the canned reactions to Fischer’s defeat of the Soviet menace, etc etc). And the montage sequences are cheaply done. I mean, some are crappy beyond belief. (One features a street interview, supposedly referencing the early ’70s, although looking like an ersatz ’90s music video, with three contemporary looking tween girls stuffed into tie-dyes, a lame After Effects video separation filter slapped on top). We are forced to look at idiots waving flags in slow motion celebration of an egomaniac for far longer than anyone who is not George W. Bush should have to. Having to watch every character in the film – from Mom and Sis to the guy at the front desk of a motel Fischer once stayed at – sit in front of a TV, waiting with baited breath for Fischer’s triumph, and then having to watch their feeble celebrations of that triumph (“yippee, a guy who once paid me to screw him just won a board game!”), will make you yearn for a seven hour analytic viewing of the Zapruder film with Oliver Stone sitting in your lap. But I digress. Even if we put aside the fact that Fischer’s Wikipedia entry is more compelling (and accurate), there is the fact of the portrayal of chess. It is absolutely pitiful. Chess in this film is reduced to a bunch of Rain Man style autistics shooting rapid fire notation at each other, playing games in their heads. If you don’t know how to play chess, you are patronizingly asked to sit in slack-jawed admiration of dem damn smert peeple. If you do know how to play chess, you can only sit there in slack-jawed disgust at the shallowness of the game’s representation. It is reduced to semi-mystical mumbo jumbo, emptied of any content or interest except as a site for vacant veneration. Yes, anyone watching the Spassky-Fischer match live in ’72 might have known little about chess, but at least they would have learned something by the end of the process. This film does not even attempt to achieve the pedagogical level of Wide World of Sports. Too much work, I suppose, or too much imagination required to conceive of a way to portray the abstractions of chess on a screen. What is a pawn sacrifice? You’ll never learn, nitwit. You obviously lack the IQ to drool on Fischer’s Cliff’s Notes. The only sacrifice required of you is the two hours of your life you’ll never get back.
Author AlanPosted on October 3, 2015 Categories ReviewTags .5 stars, 1970s, bio-pic, games
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Home » London – Roni Horn: “Butterfly Doubt” at Hauser and Wirth Saville Row Through July 25th, 2015
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London – Roni Horn: “Butterfly Doubt” at Hauser and Wirth Saville Row Through July 25th, 2015
Roni Horn, Hack Wit – chasing blue out (2014), via Hauser and Wirth
Hauser and Wirth is currently devoting both its Saville Row Galleries to a collection of several recent series by Roni Horn, documenting the American artist’s ongoing investigations of language, repetition and meaning that stem from both the viewer and artist’s encounter with the work.
Working frequently between sculpture, drawing and photography, Horn’s work has often targeted the moment of engagement between the viewer and work as her territory of operation, particularly in the expression and utilization of chance operations in her work to subvert linguistic or formal recognition. Here, Horn incorporates similar variations on these interests through the trio of series on view, Or (2014), Hack Wit (2013 – 2014), and Remembered Words (2013).
Ron Horn, Butterfly Doubt (Installation View), via Hauser and Wirth
Roni Horn, Hack Wit – water star (2014), via Hauser and Wirth
It’s Or that presents the most prominent aesthetic kick, cut and recombined pieces that incorporate two separate works into grids and whorls of color, meticulous structures created from the recombination and examination of her previous practice. The result is a complex architecture of revisions and changes to the original pieces, the surfaces of which quickly allude back to the carefully considered construction of their final state. In a similar move, Horn’s Hack Wit series seems to take the approach one step further, moving from her recomposed lines and forms to a more nuanced approach. The works here are covered over with additional textual elements, through which her cut elements are threaded through, or partially obscure. These poetic fragments make for an interesting parallel with the cut and recomposed lines of the works in Or, underscoring the same contextual studies and broken links, but reflected in a different system of language, one that feels more immediate its contextual rupture.
Roni Horn, Remembered Words – (Drive-In) (detail) (2014), via Hauser and Wirth
The show also features works from her Remembered Words series, dotted compositions that often feature grouped texts that seem like the product of automatic writing or randomly selected clusters. These variations, recalling early 20th century poetic experiments, also offer a reflection back on the artist herself, hinting at her own poetic compulsions at an atomic level, ostensibly arranging these seemingly disparate words based on their tonal appeal, either in sequence or individually.
Taken as a full show, the works here seem to move along similar lines of encounter as Horn’s previous works, while reflecting a more interior working perspective. The site of encounter, where the work’s roots in memory and Horn’s evaluation of the work itself, welcomes a focus on Horn’s own process. The intersections of her creative experience and her own personal reflections on the surfaces of her own works present a fold in the artistic process, a moment of clarity that allows her a second say on the final appearance of her work.
Butterfly Doubt is on view through July 25th.
Roni Horn, Or 1 (2014), via Hauser and Wirth
— D. Creahan
Roni Horn: Butterfly Doubt [Hauser and Wirth]
“Adrian Searle encounters: Roni Horn’s mysterious drawings that just won’t leave you alone” [The Guardian]
“Roni Horn’s Alchemic Drawings at Hauser & Wirth London” [Art Info]
“Roni Horn’s ‘seductively perplexing’ work” [FT]
This entry was posted on Tuesday, July 7th, 2015 at 12:00 am and is filed under Art News, Featured Post, Show. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.
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Cybersecurity Predictions for 2021: Robot Overlords No, Connected Car Hacks Yes
Published: November 30, 2020 Created: November 27, 2020
Tara Seals
While 2021 will present evolving threats and new challenges, it will also offer new tools and technologies that will we hope shift the balance towards the defense.
Predicting the future is always an iffy proposition. There’s the Nostradamus route, making predictions so cryptic and vague they could mean just about anything. Or you can go the TV psychic route and throw a handful of darts at the wall, highlighting the ones that stick and hope everyone ignores the many misses.
In cybersecurity, the best we can do is look at trends in attack methodologies, recognize changes in the threatscape, see what new technologies are emerging and offer a best guess about where things will be going forward.
We will get it wrong part of the time. Possibly most of the time. But we are coming at it from the angle of cybersecurity professionals familiar with where we were and where we are, and with some insight into where we’re going. Let’s hope we can do better than celebrity psychics who never seem to have the foresight to make a mint by picking the next big stock.
With that in mind, here are some predictions about the world of cybersecurity going into 2021. While 2020 makes us inclined to predict that “quantum computing will make machines sentient and the robots will rise up and kill us all,” the future does not look that bad.
Ransomware Will Evolve
Cyberattacks have matured over the years, with different trends coming and going. Going into 2021, ransomware will almost certainly remain a big part of the attacker’s portfolio, but cybercriminals will continue to “add value” by also stealing data before they encrypt it. We have seen them use this added extortion tactic already, but this will become more of an issue in the healthcare space, where attackers can use stolen patient records to blackmail patients by threatening to release medical histories.
Sadly, continued attacks against healthcare and medical infrastructure will probably lead to serious consequences going into 2021. Someone will likely die as the direct result of a cyberattack. The only positive outcomes here are that the tragic wakeup call will be the impetus needed to beef up defenses in the healthcare space and make law enforcement more aggressive pursuing cybercriminals.
As cybercriminals continue to evolve their business models, they will become bolder and target a broader range of industries. They will still go after targets of opportunity as low-hanging fruit, but expect to see more targeted attacks against companies, and industries, that had not previously considered themselves at high risk. This includes any organization outside the top five: Financial services, government, healthcare, higher education or the energy sector.
Zero-Days and Cryptocurrency
Zero-day attacks against popular operating systems and applications will continue to be an issue too. Developers have become more careful overall, but there is still room for improvement. Bug bounties help (offered by major vendors for people to improve their code), but malicious actors will continue to use their version of the same model and offer high payouts to people who sell them exploits.
Cryptocurrency remains a volatile pseudo-commodity that is favored by privacy advocates and criminals, while it is loathed by government agencies. From the perspective of cybersecurity, cryptominers have become a common payload for attackers simply going after compute resources. We are likely to see more of them going forward.
Governments are already working to regulate the space and 2021 may see legislation seeking to control, if not outright ban, the use of cryptocurrencies. Law-enforcement agencies worldwide will need to cooperate if they are to have any chance of dealing with an ever-growing cybercriminal underground. The criminals’ evolving business models may actually make them easier to target by law enforcement.
The IoT Tsunami – and Connected Cars
Internet of things (IoT) devices will continue to live largely unseen and unnoticed as they’re compromised. Separate from the larger devices such as medical imaging systems, small IoT devices will remain vulnerable and unpatched, if not unpatchable, as they become ubiquitous. Malicious actors will find new and more creative uses for these devices, possibly finding ways to use them to compromise the cloud-based controllers they frequently rely on.
Something we can look forward to or, rather, worry about, are cyberattacks against the latest generation of connected vehicles. While there have been no known attacks against over-the-air updates to vehicle software, it will become a growing concern as more manufacturers adopt the technology. We are also likely to see attacks against self-driving systems in one form or another.
While proof-of-concept attacks may be nothing more than spoofing an autopilot system into stopping for obstacles that aren’t there or following traffic markings into a parking lot, the potential exists for serious attacks against the sensors and software that enable these technologies.
The safety measures in place to protect these advanced systems make external attacks more difficult. The same applies to cloud infrastructures and more modern operating systems. Our defenses are improving, which means attackers are likely to move inside where they can.
Whether this is through bribery or account compromise, both things we’ve seen in 2020 and are likely to see more of in 2021, the insider-threat vector is likely to increase. This will be a growing concern in the supply chain, where attackers can move against smaller, less mature, organizations on their route to compromising downstream targets.
The Good News: Defenses Will Improve
One of the reasons we’ll see more internal attacks is that password-management tools and multi-factor authentication (MFA) will become more prevalent. This will help slow the rate of account-compromise attacks through phishing and data theft.
These tools are very effective at reducing the threat from compromised accounts, with token-based MFA being the more effective of the two, but usage has grown slowly over the years. However, inexpensive physical tokens and software-based equivalents make them accessible. User acceptance will still be a challenge going into the new year and, probably, for several years more.
We’re also likely to see a growth in risk-based access control technologies, where security analytics tools are used to help decide what level of authentication is appropriate on a case-by-case bases. This will reduce the burden on users by only requiring additional authentication when needed, while making it more difficult for attackers by tying behavior analysis techniques into the security stack. This also ties into zero-trust architectures, which should also see growth moving into 2021 and beyond.
Security analytics as a technology will see more use, being incorporated into existing security stacks by seamlessly merging into existing solutions. It will become even more important as extended detection and response (XDR) evolves past the initial vendor-centric definition to a more open vendor-agnostic model going forward. The behavior-analytics models will continue to improve, which will deliver more accurate results, as endpoint agents continue to improve and feed better information into the stack.
If we are lucky, we will see ultralight agents that can deploy on IoT devices and extend endpoint defense into that vulnerable sector. We will also see deception technologies more broadly deployed. While they can’t prevent attacks, they can serve as a reliable early warning and compliment the rest of the stack.
2020 was a difficult year in cybersecurity and for the world as a whole. While 2021 will present evolving threats and new challenges, it will also offer new tools and technologies that will we hope shift the balance towards the defense.
https://threatpost.com/cybersecurity-predictions-2021-robot-overlords-connected-car/161594/
No Thoughts on Cybersecurity Predictions for 2021: Robot Overlords No, Connected Car Hacks Yes
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the inexplicable logic of my life genre
A sci-fi comedy series about a bumbling nerd who shifts between parallel universes whenever he falls asleep. Then, later in the book, Sal gets angry when he sees Eddie and Sam talking at school. Perhaps it has something to do with the unopened letter from his dead mother and the fact he has no idea what kind of person his natural father was.
It felt like a million firecrackers going off in my chest—bright and burning; it kind of hurts but it’s also kind of beautiful. Yet there remain some few books whose power is such that they seem to trivialize any irritations with stylistic matters, shortcomings in the portrayal of the odd character, or some kind of discomfort with an aspect of the plot.
The Inexplicable Logic of my Life is a lovely achievement, a novel of power and beauty. 16499 Ratings. He is so understanding, yet protective. Sudden tragedies force Sal and his loved ones to pull together when it would be easier to drift apart, leaving them to come to terms with loss, hope, and acceptance. the story was great and touching and I could imagine the charaters and immerse myself in this book so easily. I absolutely adored Aristotle and Dante Discover The Secrets of The Universe, so really hoped I would enjoy this book as much, and I did. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life has the word count of a book with worlds to build, but rather than using its pages to explore the confines of an imaginary land, it … But why was she talking to him in the first place? He literally adopts every one of Sal’s friends just because they need a father and someone to love them. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Saenz. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life is about a high school senior named Sal and his father and his family and his friends and all the hard things that come with approaching life after high school. There will be a sequel, but this one is a completely different book, with nothing to do with Aristotle and Dante, sorry ._. Sam accepting his apology as if he just kissed another girl in front of her.
Check out our wide selection of third-party gift cards. Great review , Thank you for reading, Marta! finding your place in the world, and figuring out what type of person you want to me.
After that first punch is thrown, Sal finds it hard to stop fighting. His poetic, thought provoking writing instantly captured me and this book did not disappoint. Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in, Or get 4-5 business-day shipping on this item for $5.99 The implication is that Sal made an unfair judgment and HE was the bad guy for being too quick to defend Sam... from a guy... who attempted to RAPE her. And there is a central theme of concern with relationships that are less than perfect - parents and children who fail each other, and the struggle to find a way of not just … And then that word becomes someone you know. One level-headed, sexy Aries. Year: 2017. And you meet it face to face.
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His novel Aristotle and Dante Discover the Secrets of the Universe won a Printz Honor Award, the Pura Belpre, Lambda, and Stonewall Book Awards. Everything and nothing happened in this book and in typical Benjamin Alire Saenz fashion, I was left in awe. [Alright.
Genre: Young Adult, Contemporary Pages: 452 Series: None Release Date: March 7, 2017 Publisher: Clarion Books.
Start by marking “The Inexplicable Logic of My Life” as Want to Read: Error rating book. With The Inexplicable Logic of my Life, author Benjamin Alire Saenz returns to a theme of his first novel Carry Me Like Water: the idea of what makes a family. Change ). It proudly takes its place on the shelf with its author’s other fine novels, for Benjamin Alire Saenz is one of our best.
I basically cried through most of it. I don’t want to give away any spoilers, but will forewarn that there is a focus on dealing with the loss of loved ones due to cancer, accidents and drug overdose. ( Log Out / It felt like being simultaneously lost and found. Free Download The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Saenz EPUB ebook [ Hulkload ], Free Download The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Saenz EPUB ebook [ Sendspace ], Free Download The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Saenz EPUB ebook [ UploadRAR ]. Even if it is an entirely personal assessment - 'I liked it perfectly' - what would that mean beyond the possibility that I was entirely without any critical faculty? Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 17 November 2019, Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 20 August 2017, goegeous coming of age story in the oustanding writing this author delivers ever so consistently, Reviewed in the United Kingdom on 27 March 2018, Another lovely book by Benjamin Alire Sáenz. No, no, no. This really isn't what you would call creative, right?
Prime members enjoy FREE Delivery and exclusive access to music, movies, TV shows, original audio series, and Kindle books. Father figures, with the exception of Sal's adoptive dad, are also conspicuously absent, gone before they could contribute much more than DNA. This story revolves around Sal, who has been brought up by his adoptive gay father, a man who was best friends with his mother. For these few there is an inexplicable logic that forces the hand to click on that fifth star, and The Inexplicable Logic of My Life, for me at least, is one of these. The Inexplicable Logic of My Life will make you cry, laugh, and feel so much love for these characters whose emotions practically drip off the page. There's a problem loading this menu right now.
Salvador is sweet, yet combatant.
Free Download The Inexplicable Logic of My Life by Benjamin Alire Saenz EPUB file on your Apple / Android / Kindle device. But this is told from the persp. He's angry when someone offends his family and even hits someone when he's being provoked. I absolutely loved. I loved all the characters in this book! A lot of the things that happened in the book felt slightly dramatic. Here, the death and absence of parents is a litany of loss written across our characters' lives.
This is a genre that I would have kept afar in the normal course – Young Adult, they call it. Please try your request again later.
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40 Facts about Landmarks
Agua Azul, Mexico
The larger cataracts of Agua Azul waterfall are as high as 6 meters.
Bachkovo Monastery, Bulgaria
Bachkovo Monastery is an important monument of Christian architecture and one of the largest and oldest Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Europe.
Ecopath Byala Reka, Bulgaria
Ecopath Byala Reka lies at an altitude of 570 to 630 m in the Central Balkan National Park and its length is 1830 m.
Kylemore Abbey, Ireland
At the beginning when it was a castle, there were 33 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, 4 sitting rooms, a ballroom, billiard room, library, study, school room, smoking room, gun room and various offices and domestic staff residences for the butler, cook, housekeeper and other servants.
Dunguaire Castle, Ireland
Dunguaire Castle was used in the 1969 Walt Disney movie Gun In the Heather in the UK and The Secret of Boyne Castle in the US.
Boyana Church, Bulgaria
The Boyana Church owes its world fame above all to the frescoes from 1259, which demonstrate the exceptional achievements of mediaeval Bulgarian culture.
Navagio Beach, Greece
Navagio Beach has been named Shipwreck Beach since 1983, when the alleged smuggler ship Panagiotis was wrecked on the beach while transporting cigarettes.
Pamukkale, Turkey
In this area, there are 17 hot water springs in which the temperature ranges from 35 °C (95 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F).
The annual Dubrovnik Summer Festival is a 45-day-long cultural event with live plays, concerts, and games.
Columbus Monument, Spain
An elevator inside the column takes visitors up to a viewing platform at the top (just below the socle).
Cordillera del Paine (2884 m), Chile
In the national park hikers are not allowed to stray from the paths. Camping is only allowed at specified campsites, and wood fires are prohibited in the whole park.
In the Boyana Church a total of 89 scenes with 240 human images are depicted on the walls.
Sagrada Família, Spain
The central spire of Jesus Christ is to be surmounted by a giant cross; the spire's total height (170 m) will be one metre less than that of Montjuïc hill in Barcelona as Gaudí believed that his creation should not surpass God's.
Belogradchik Rocks, Bulgaria
The rocks vary in color from primarily red to yellow; some of the rocks reach up to 200 m in height.
Mont Aiguille (2085 m), France
Mont Aiguille is notable for its first climb in 1492, which was said to mark the "birth of mountaineering".
Search for Facts
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On 7tripsOn there are currently 362 landmarks from 80 countries. 7tripsOn trippers have made a total of 1988 landmarks marked as "visited", 2395 landmarks marked as "want to visit" and 17 reviews of landmarks. What about You... which landmarks you have visited and which you want to visit?
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From natural history to science
The emergence of experimental philosophy
Translation projects
Translation project I: Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum
Cosmologie filosofica. Texte fundamentale. Volumul I
CELFIS Seminar
CELFIS Graduate Seminar
Course: The philosophy of experiment from Bacon to Newton
Curs Cosmologie Filosofică 3: Traducere filosofică
World makers: Early Modern Philosophers and their Cosmological Projects
World-makers: Research-based master course
Conceptions of Space in the Scientific Revolution
Curs Cosmologie filosofica 1
Teorii ale materiei în Renaștere
Scientific report 2012
Final report (2012-2016)
Bucharest Colloquium in Early Modern Science
Bucharest Princeton Seminar in Early Modern Philosophy (12-16 July 2016, Alba Iulia)
From natural history to science: The emergence of experimental philosophy
Bucharest-Princeton Seminar in Early Modern Philosophy (16th edition)
The purpose of this project was to trace some of the characteristic features of the early modern experimental philosophy in the natural historical investigations of the late sixteenth century, more precisely, into what we have called “research-oriented natural history.” During the past six years, our team has investigated a diversity of natural historical writings ranging from cosmography to medical natural histories and from diverse collections of ‘individuals’ to topical investigations of natural phenomena. The project was coordinated by Dana Jalobeanu and financed by the CNCS (PN-II-ID-PCE-2011-3-0719;contract no. 294/ 2011).
Team, research objectives and the development of the research plan
We began in 2012 with a plan for three years and a team of seven members. Meanwhile, the project turned into a six-year research project with a team fluctuating from 4 to 6 members and a number of associated researchers and students. Our activities included a regular research seminar, the organization of the weekly history and philosophy of science (CELFIS) seminar in the Department of Philosophy, the organization of the yearly Bucharest Colloquium in Early Modern Science, the organization of the Bucharest Graduate Conference in Early Modern Philosophy. Our team’s members have also proposed and organized optional courses.
Some of these activities were directed towards encouraging young researchers and graduate students to engage in inter-disciplinary, high-quality research.
Our six-year investigation into early modern forms of natural history has reached, in many ways, far beyond its initial goals. We have managed to introduce into the scholarly debates new historiographic categories, and we have put them to work on a growing number of case-studies. The concept of research-oriented natural history (Jalobeanu 2014b, 2015a, 2015b), as well as that of “Senecan natural histories” (Jalobeanu 2012, 2015a) are already used by international colleagues in their analyses of early modern forms of experimental philosophy (Garber 2014, Van Dyck and Vermeir, 2014, Lawson 2014, Scott, 2016). Similarly, what has been recently called the “Bucharest interpretation of Bacon,” i.e, the interpretation centered on Bacon’s methodology (art) of experimenting is increasingly cited in the literature (Giglioni, 2014, Garber, 2014, Schwartz, 2014, Selcer, 2014, Cardenas-Baretto, 2015, Silver, 2015, Park, 2016, Giglioni, 2016, Anstey and Vanzo 2016, Vanzo, 2016, Feingold, 2016). Since 2012, the members of this project have published 12 articles in leading journals, 13 articles in other journals (BDI) and 9 book chapters; and some of our work is currently cited by colleagues across the world (see citations below). We have published one book, two editions, one PhD thesis, and we have finished and submitted to the publisher two other books. We have managed to disseminate our results not only by publications, but also by initiating various international short-term and long-term collaborations. The fruits of these international collaborations can be easily seen if we take into considerations the fellowships, grants and jobs the members of our teams got in the past two years. Our initial group, based in Bucharest is now, six years after the beginning of the project, working in various research centers across the world (Princeton, Groningen, Ghent, Karlsruhe). This, I think, is a convincing proof of the success of our research.
Our team completed the first Romanian translation of Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum (London: 1626). Bacon’s Sylva is a representative collection of observations and experiments characteristic for seventeenth century Baconian natural (and experimental) history. Published posthumously and extremely popular among the proponents of the “new science,” Sylva can be read as a “laboratory textbook”, an interesting interplay of humanism, commonplace methods of reading and writing, natural historical observations, experimental reports and recordings of hands-on experimental investigations. It was never translated (into any modern language) and in rendering it into Romanian we are not so much translating as learning to understand and interpret this extremely difficult and challenging text.
This translation has a very important research component, since we are talking about one of Bacon’s works which did not get, so far, a modern edition. Sylva Sylvarum, or a natural history in ten centuries was published posthumously in 1626 and constituted, in many ways, Francis Bacon’s magnum opus. It was one of his most popular books until well into the eighteenth century, and went through a large number of editions in English and Latin throughout the seventeenth century. However, the changing tides of Baconian scholarship which brought Novum Organum to the fore of academic interest in the nineteenth century have thrown Sylva Sylvarum and the other natural histories into disrepute. This is the main cause why, to date, we are still working with an outdated nineteenth century edition of the work. In the past ten years, the editorial team of The Oxford Francis Bacon has initiated the project of a modern critical edition of the Sylva Sylvarum; but their work is far from completion. In our work of translating and annotating Sylva we have initiated an extended collaboration with the team in charge of the Oxford Francis Bacon volume of Sylva Sylvarum (co-ordinated by Guido Giglioni) and with the French team preparing a French translation of Sylva Sylvarum (co-ordinated by Claire Crignon). We took part in several workshops and organized a number of international meetings in Bucharest (see the list on our web-site). Collaborative research in this direction will continue even after the end of the project with meetings in London (Dec. 8, 2016) and Paris (Feb. 23, 2017).
Mihnea Dobre. 2016. Experimental Cartesianism and the Problem of Space. In Boundaries, Extents and Circulations. Space and Spatiality in Early Modern Natural Philosophy. eds. Koen Vermeir and Jonathan Regier (Dordrecht: Springer).
Jalobeanu. 2016. Borders, ‘leaps’ and ‘orbs of virtue:’ A contextual reconstruction of Francis Bacon’s extension-related concepts, In Boundaries, Extents and Circulations. Space and Spatiality in Early Modern Natural Philosophy. eds. Koen Vermeir and Jonathan Regier (Dordrecht: Springer).
Dana Jalobeanu. 2016. Disciplining experience: Francis Bacon’s experimental series and the art of experimentation, Perspectives on Science, 24 (3): 324-342.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2016. The marriage of physics with mathematics: Francis Bacon on measurement, mathematics and the construction of a mathematical physics. In Language of Nature. Reassessing the Mathematization of Natural Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century. Eds. Geoffrey Gordon, Benjamin. Hill, Edward Slowik and Kenneth Waters , Minnesota Studies in Philosophy of Science, 51-81.
Doina-Cristina Rusu. 2016. Rethinking Sylva Sylvarum: Francis Bacon’s Use of Giambattista Della Porta’s Magia Naturalis. Perspectives on Science.
Other recent publications by members of our project:
Dana Jalobeanu, Bacon’s apples: a case study in Baconian Experimentation, in Francis Bacon on Motion and Power. Eds. Guido Giglioni, James Lancaster, Sorana Corneanu, Dana Jalobeanu, Springer: Dordrecht, 83-113.
Forthcoming publications:
Mihnea Dobre. Metaphysics and Physics in Descartes and Early French Cartesian Natural Philosophy. ZetaBooks, forthcoming 2017.
Dana Jalobeanu. The Hunt of Pan: Francis Bacon’s Art of Experimentation and the Invention of Science, Zeta Books, forthcoming, 2017.
Dana Jalobeanu. Rewriting Francis Bacon’s Natural History: Pierre Amboise’s translation of Sylva Sylvarum, special issue of Intersections: Interdisciplinary Studies in Early Modern Culture, edited by Raphaele Fruet (et. all), Brill, forthcoming 2016.
Doina-Cristina Rusu. Manipulating matter and its appetites: Francis Bacon on causation and the creation of preternatural. In Contingency and Natural order in Early Modern Science, eds. Pietro Daniel Omodeo and Rodolfo Garau, Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science, Springer, forthcoming 2016.
Doina-Cristina Rusu and Christoph Lüthy. 2016. Extracts from a Paper Laboratory. The Status of Francis Bacon’s Sylva Sylvarum. Intellectual History Review, forthcoming 2016.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2015. The Art of Experimental Natural History: Francis Bacon in Context, Zeta Books: București (2015), ISBN: 978-606-8266-92-3 (ebook), ISBN: 978-606-8266-93-0 (paperback).
Dana Jalobeanu, Doina Cristina Rusu (eds). 2015. Cosmologie filosofica-texte fundamentale. Vol. I Renașterea și modernitatea timpurie, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, ISBN: 978-606-16-0629-0.
Oana Matei. 2015. Husbandry Tradition and the Emergence of Vegetable Philosophy inside the Hartlib Circle. Philosphia. International Journal of Philosophy 16 (1): 32-52, ISSN: 2244-1875 (Print); ISSN 2244-1883 (Online).
Mihnea Dobre. 2014. Considerații despre filosofia experimentului în perioada modernă timpurie. Revista de Filosofie 61 (6), 2014, 631-642.
Mihnea Dobre. 2014. Mixing Cartesianism and Newtonianism: the reception of Cartesian physics in England. In Gianna Katsiampoura (ed.), Scientific Cosmopolitanism and Local Cultures: Religions, Ideologies, Societies. Proceedings of 5th International Conference of the European Society for the History of Science, National Hellenic Research Foundation/Institute of Historical Research, Athens 1-3 November 2012. Athens, 2014, pp. 126-131.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2014. A Natural History of the Heavens: Francis Bacon’s Anti-Copernicanism. Chap. 3 In The Making of Copernicus, edited by Wolfgang Neuber, Thomas Rahn and Carl Zittel, 64-87. Leiden: Brill.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2014. Constructing natural historical facts: Baconian natural history in Newton’s first paper on light and colours, in Zvi Biener, Eric Schliesser, eds. Newton and Empiricism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2014. Elements of natural history in Sidereus nuncius. Revue Roumaine de Philosophie 58 (1): 55-77.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2014. The French reception of Francis Bacon’s natural history in mid seventeenth century, in Elodie Cassan, ed. Bacon et Descartes: Genese de la modernite philosophique, Editions ENS Lyon.
Doina-Cristina Rusu. 2014. Abolishing the Borders between Natural History and Natural Magic: Francis Bacon’s Sylva sylvarum and the Historia vitae et mortis. Societate și Politică 8 (2), 23-42.
Doina-Cristina Rusu. 2014. Critica autorității și folosirea surselor: Francis Bacon despre compilarea istoriilor naturale. In Etica cercetarii si drepturile de autor, ed. Constantin Stoenescu, Editura Universitatii din Bucuresti, pp. 47-84.
Mihnea Dobre. 2013. Knowledge and Certainty in the Foundation of Cartesian Natural Philosophy. Revue Roumaine de philosophie 57 (1): 95-110.
Mihnea Dobre. 2013. On Glass-Drops: a case Study of the Interplay between Experimentation and Explanation in Seventeenth-Century Natural Philosophy. Journal of Early Modern Studies 2 (1):105–124.
Claudia Dumitru. 2013. Crucial Instances and Crucial Experiments in Bacon, Boyle, and Hooke. Societate si Politica 7 (2013) 45-61.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2013. Four idols of Baconian scholarship, in Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences 71: 123-130, Elsevier, proceedings of International Workshop on the Historiography of Philosophy: Representations and Cultural Constructions 2012.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2013. Francis Bacon, Early Modern Baconians and the Idols of Baconian Scholarship: Introductory study, Societate si Politica 7 (2013) 5-28.
Dana Jalobeanu. 2013. Learning from experiment: classification, concept formation and modeling in Francis Bacon’s experimental philosophy. Revue Roumaine de philosophie 57 (1): 75-93.
Oana Matei. 2013. Macaria, the Hartlib Circle, and Husbanding Creation.Society and Politics (Societate şi Politică)7 (2/ 14): 7-33.
Sebastian Mateiescu. 2013. Francis Bacon on Potential Heat. Societate si Politica 7 (2013) 5-28
Sebastian Mateiescu. 2013. Philip Melanchthon and the concept of universal experience. Revue Roumaine de philosophie 57 (1): 111-131.
Oana Matei. 2013. Letters by Early Modern Philosophers, co-edited with Filip Buyse. Society and Politics (Societate şi Politică)7 (2/ 14).
Jalobeanu, Dana and Cesare Pastorino, eds. 2014. Instruments and Arts of Inquiry: Natural History, Natural Magic and the Production of Knowledge in Early Modern Europe. Vol. 3:2, Journal of Early Modern Studies. Bucharest: Zeta Books.
Claudia Dumitru. 2014. Society & Politics, vol. 8, no 1 (The Quest for Certainty at the Crossroads of Science, Religion, and Philosophy in the Early Modern Period).
Doina-Cristina Rusu. 2014. Natural history, Natural magic and the emergence of experimental philosophy. Special issue of the Society and Politics (Societate si Politica), Vol. 8, no. 2.
Dana Jalobeanu has edited a special issue of the Journal of Early Modern Studies: The Creative Role of Experimentation in Early Modern Science with papers by Cesare Pastorino, Benedino Gemelli, Claudio Buccolini, Delphine Kolesnik, Laura Georgescu, Mihnea Dobre, Jonathan Regier.
Other publications by members of our team:
Francis Bacon, Progresul cunoasterii, (The Advancement of Learning) – ed. by
Dana Jalobeanu and Grigore Vida, Editura Humanitas, Bucuresti, 2012
A special issue of Perspectives on Science 20 (2) 2012: Francis Bacon and the Medicine of the Mind: Late Renaissance Contexts. Edited by Sorana Corneanu, Guido Giglioni, and Dana Jalobeanu.
A special issue of Early Science and Medicine 17 (1-2) 2012: Francis Bacon and the transformation of early modern natural history. Edited by Sorana Corneanu, Guido Giglioni, Dana Jalobeanu.
Dana Jalobeanu, The Nature of Body, in The Oxford Handbook of British Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century, ed. by Peter Anstey, Oxford University Press 2013
Dana Jalobeanu, Idolatry, Natural History and Spiritual Medicine: Francis Bacon and the Neo-Stoic Protestantism of the Late Sixteenth Century, Perspectives on Science, 21: 2012: 207-226.
Dana Jalobeanu, Francis Bacon’s natural history and the Senecan Natural Histories of Early Modern Europe, Early Science and Medicine, 17: 1-2, 2012, pp. 197-229(33).
Mihnea Dobre. “Rohault’s Traité de physique and its Newtonian reception” in ROCA-ROSELL, A. (ed.) (2012). The Circulation of Science and Technology: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference of the ESHS, Barcelona, 18-20 November 2010. Barcelona: SCHCT-IEC. ISBN: 978-84-9965-108-8, pp. 389-394.
Mihnea Dobre. “Early Cartesianism and the Journal des Sçavans, 1665-1671,” Studium, vol. 4, no. 4 (2011): 228-240.
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10 Things New Yorkers Can Learn From Londoners
By Ruth Margolis | Posted on January 28th, 2014
The Big Apple and its residents get a lot of stuff right. But that’s not to say they can’t learn a few thing things from those fog-drenched, bowler hat wearing folk in that other great global city.
Let pregnant people sit down
Subway users in NYC like children more than their London Underground counterparts. But they resolutely shun pregnant women. You could be lugging around a bump the size of Texas and your co-passengers, rather than catch your eye and kindly offer you a seat, will suddenly become extremely focused on their iPad or belt buckle. Londoners, meanwhile, fight to give up their seat to any woman with a belly they suspect might contain a fetus.
Make museums free
Museum and gallery enthusiasts in New York need to throw serious money at their hobby. Most big-name establishments charge entrance fees upwards of $20 – and this usually doesn’t include access to special exhibits. In London, you needn’t part with a penny to explore the city’s major museums.
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Recent offers and news
British stand-up star Josie Long in New York – ticket offer!
Mike Leigh in New York! Abigail’s Party on stage at The Barrow Group
Absolutely Fabulous – the movie. ADVANCE SCREENING TICKETS
Journey to Suffolk countryside with Frederick Ashton and American Ballet Theatre
Brits Off Broadway has begun! See 9 US Premieres at 59E59 Theaters
DUKE OF EDINBURGH’S INTERNATIONAL AWARD ALUMNI NETWORK
Cabaret with Melinda Hughes – An English Girl in New York
SAVE ON THE EFFECT AT BARROW STREET THEATRE + GET A FREE…
Premiership Rugby comes to New York on Sat 12 March – London Irish v Saracens
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Argentina | Archive
LAMC Announces Concerts At Central Park
The Latin Alternative Music Conference Announces Annual SummerStage Concert Line-Up Featuring Pioneering Rappers Beatnuts, Grammy Winners La Santa Cecilia, Legendary Rockers Babasonicos, Fan Favorite Ana Tijoux, Innovative Songstress Juana Molina, Local Hero Bodega Bamz and the Legendary DJ Tony Touch
For the Love of Wine
By Jennifer McCutchen
PINTA NY – The Modern and Contemporary Latin American Art Show Announces 2013 Exhibitors and Curated Sections
Introducing an exclusive and intimate international art fair of select exhibitors presenting the best Modern and Contemporary art from Latin America, Spain, and Portugal.
The Rise of Argentine Malbec
Unspoiled Wonders of Patagonia
explora and Cruceros Australis Combine Operational Excellence to Reveal the Wonders of Patagonia
Cinema Guild Presents the U.S. Theatrical Premiere of Matías Piñeiro’s VIOLA
Film Opens Friday, July 12 at the Film Society of Lincoln Center’s Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center in NYC, alongside a Retrospective of Piñeiro’s Films
Natalia Clavier Premieres New Video
Natalia Clavier, Live Voice Of Thievery Corporation, Premieres New Video Exclusively At The Onion’s A.V. Club:
A dazzling riff on Shakespeare’s “Twelfth Night” by one of Argentinian cinema’s most sensuous and sophisticated new voices
Top of the Line At the Bottom of the World
Travel + Leisure Readers Rank Explora Patagonia #6 In the World For Service and #1 In Central and South America
KCRW Debuts New Album From Natalia Clavier
Natalia Clavier, the live voice of Thievery Corporation, to release her new album ‘Lumen’ on May 28th.
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Time to revisit Arnold vs Donald: “In this world the bad guys can win!”
Your correspondent has long held a fondness for the term ‘half-smart’; it always seemed crisper, briefer and more pointed than the more common ‘too clever for his/her own good.’ There are, however, circumstances wherein the longer, clunkier phrase is actually the more appropriate.
Case in point: one of my all-time favourite cinematic Guilty Pleasures, in the form of AH-nuld Schwarzenegger’s 1993 box-office disaster The Last Action Hero.
On the face of it, the movie should’ve been a slam-dunk, an open goal, a triple jackpot. Director/producer John McTiernan was riding high on the success of Die Hard; AH-nee himself was, in his mid-40s, just about the biggest marquee name in the movies after a judicious mixture of big smart action movies (The Terminator; Terminator II: Judgement Day; Total Recall) and big dumb action movies (Command; Red Dawn; Raw Deal and Predator, the latter directed by McTiernan) plus a couple of gently self-mocking comedies (Twins, Kindergarten Cop). (I won’t mention the two Conan movies if you won’t.)
And talk about High Concept: the basic plot conceit must’ve seemed solid copper-bottomed gold. Consider: a mash-up of Willie Wonka And The Chocolate Factory (just-a-poor-boy-from-a-poor-family gets his hands on a Golden Ticket which allows him to live out his most cherished fantasy) and Woody Allen’s The Purple Rose Of Cairo (cinema screen becomes portal which allows viewers and players to enter each others’ worlds and mingle), generously sprinkled with powerful handguns, major explosions, heavy-duty car-chases and AH-nuld himself.
The story exists on three levels of reality: (1) ours, in which we’re watching the movie; (2) a faux-fictional reality almost like ours, except that one of AH-nuld’s key franchises is a series of flicks in which he stars as supercop Jack Slater, and the poor-boy-from-a-poor-family (played by only-moderately-annoying child star Austin O’Brien), who lives in a cramped NYC apartment with his single-parent mom, worships AH-nee as Slater, and (3) the designated-fictional world of the Slater movies into which AO’B’s character enters via his Golden Ticket and from which characters from the Slaterverse – notably Charles Dance’s haughty Brit villain, delightedly exclaiming, “In this world the bad guys can win!” – slide back into Reality2, where they even get to meet a version of AH-nuld himself. Result: a Big Faux-Dumb Action Movie which autodeconstructs and fourth-walls itself. Pastiche, parody, piss-take, what? Coolness! Hilarity does indeed ensue.
Factor in a stellar supporting cast including Dance, Anthony Quinn, F Murray Abraham and Ian McKellen (not to mention cameos from the likes of Sharon Stone, Tina Turner, Joan Plowright, Robert Patrick, Jim Belushi and even MC Hammer) … hey, what could possibly go wrong?
Ahem. Let me count the ways. For a start, there were backstage shenanigans re the script: Zak Penn & Adam Leff’s original screenplay was so thoroughly rewritten (by Shane Black ¬– who’d scripted the Lethal Weapon movies which LAH satirises, not ineffectively – and an uncredited William Goldman) that they were relegated to a mere ‘story’ credit. Then there was a release date brought so far forward by the studio that McTiernan complained that he virtually had to edit the movie in the camera; a disastrous rough-cut preview generating horrendous word-of-mouth notices …
Suffice it to say that the movie became AH-nee’s first serious flop, though not his last. It died a hideous death in theatres, though video afterlife eventually led it into posthumous profit.
We ask again: what went wrong? It wasn’t because LAH was a comedy – Twins and Kindergarten Cop were both comedies and successful (KC’s best gag: AH-nee’s megatough undercover lawman, exhausted after a day of dealing with pre-schoolers, complains about having to tell them a story concerning ‘beers who go sharping’), but then they were flagged up front as comedies. LAH ‘s poster displays an image of its star with biceps, pecs and lats busting out of a torn T-shirt (as seen nowhere in the movie), and – despite Austin O’Brien cradled in AH-nuld’s arm holding a box of popcorn – the expectation was nevertheless created that this was another Big Arnie Big Gun movie: the mixture more or less as before.
Instead, what they got was popcorn post-modernism, delivered (unlike, say, Galaxy Quest, which was adored and celebrated by Trekkies) without audience permission. Worse! In the scene when the Arnie from Reality 1 (ours) appears as the Arnie from Reality 2 (Austin’s), he presents himself as exactly the smug, callous, complacent blowhard his detractors always considered him to be.
Flanked by his real-life then-wife Maria Shriver, he proudly announces, ‘In zis moofie ve only kill 48 people. In zer last one ve killed 119, but ve make up for it viz a good story, emotions, depth, dimensions. And at Planet Hollywood ve haff some incredible memorabilia. It is absolutely fabulous …’
‘You embarrassed me,’ she hisses. ‘How could you do that? Do not plug the restaurants. I hate that. It is so tacky.’
Maria, you spoke for us all.
So: AH-nuld’s crime was not to take himself anywhere near as seriously as his audience took him – and they thus felt that they were the ones being insulted.
LAH didn’t derail AH-nuld’s career (though it certainly didn’t help): he hooked up with James Cameron again and came back strong with his final classic, True Lies. The wheels did, however, come off with the DayGlo rubber-nippled turkey that was Batman And Robin, which proved, among other things, that paying Big AH-nee the Big Bucks was no longer a blue-chip investment.
As Governor of California, he found himself (much to everybody’s surprise, including his own) that he was actually a LIBRUL, at least with regard to LGBT rights and environmental issues. And he now amuses himself (and us) by regularly trolling DOH-nuld Trump (who evidently stole Charles Dance’s Golden Ticket into our reality) with YouTube diatribes which expertly and characteristically combine the heavy-handed and the light-footed.
Here’s a recent favourite: Arnold Has A Message For Trump
Never mind! Here in 2018, wrenched from its era of origin a quarter-century after the fact, LAH’s satire seems much sharper than it did at the time: indeed, with the wisdom of distance (perspective, ya dig) it seems like it was made now about then. Plus it’s stuffed with good gags: Austin warning Slater that his colleague (F Murray Abraham) is not to be trusted because ‘he killed Mozart!’ AH-nuld as Hamlet (‘To be or not to be’ … (lights cigar) … ‘not to be’ … (Elsinore Castle explodes behind him). McKellen as the robed Death from Bergman’s Seventh Seal. Frank McRae roasting the ‘shouty black police precinct captain’ trope to a turn. The Sylvester Stallone joke. Quinn and Dance having almost as much self-parodic fun as AH-nuld himself.
And many, many more, which I’ll leave you to discover for yourselves.
If you saw it at the time, revisit it: it’s one of the best things he ever did. If you’ve never seen it before, make sure you catch it the next time it’ll be baahhhhk on TV.
If you missed it altogether, trust me … BEEG mistake. There’s a more than decent chance that it’ll end up as one of your Guilty Pleasures, too.
Posted on October 30, 2018 by Charles Shaar Murray
Posted on July 19, 2018 by Charles Shaar Murray
From NME journalist to animal rights activist, Andrew Tyler’s extraordinary life and death
If you’ve ever read a more arresting opening paragraph to an autobiography than this …
If all went according to plan on April 28, 2017, I ended my life in a small village in the canton of Zurich, accompanied by officials from Dignitas. To remain within the law, I had to do the deed myself: lift the cup and drink a very large dose of Sodium Pentobarbitol, together with an anti-emetic to stop me vomiting it up.
… then feel free to tell me about it.
The para in question kicks off My Life As An Animal (Loop Books) by a dear friend and former NME colleague named Andrew Tyler. We only worked alongside each other for three or four years, but during that time I realized that he was one of the sweetest, nicest, most generous people I’ve ever known, and that what he brought to our table – apart from solid journalistic talent and experience plus an endearing deadpan wit, expressed through a poker face betrayed only by a giveaway eye-twinkle – was a unique degree of empathy. He was a long way from being NME’s most profound critic (that would have been the late Ian MacDonald), but if you wanted an interview which would touch parts of the subject no-one else could reach, he was yer man.
It was precisely that empathy which led him first to wanting to tell the stories of downtrodden people and then to addressing the plight of animals; from vegetarianism and then to veganism, and finally to the most important period of his post-NME professional life: as director of the Animal Aid charity. Some people find it hard to identify with fellow humans less fortunate than themselves; Andrew’s empathy ultimately led him to care about worms, not to mention bigger, cuter or more seriously endangered creatures. And he managed this without ever being holier-than-thou or flaunting moral superiority, with none of the haughty implied rebukage with which smaller spirits belabour those less committed.
Nevertheless, Andrew was first and foremost not only a man of principle, but one whose warm, gentle demeanour, and an easy charm which was as uncontrived as it was effortless, could not mask his iron determination to follow those principles wherever they led, and no matter how thorny the path.
In those NME days we didn’t talk too much about our personal histories: living in the continuous present as we did, we took each other as we were on the day. Thus Andrew’s book tells me far more than I’d ever gathered about his life from the odd dropped-here-and-there reference or anecdote: dumped into a Jewish orphanage as a small child after his parents split up; falling in love with music; leaving school at 14 and educating himself virtually from scratch; learning his journo craft on small trade magazines and exploring the wider world via three years hitching and odd-jobbing around the Americas, from Canada to Mexico and all points in between, including San Francisco in 1967 …
Andrew had a few years’ worth of rockanroll fun at the NME before setting off to explore a bigger world of proper grown-up crusading investigative journalism for mainstream national publications. However, it was animal activism which occupied him for the next few decades. He’d still be doing it now (and would have been far too busy to write a book) had he not been laid progressively lower and lower by Parkinsons Disease and a degenerative back disease … to the horrifying point where even as physically undemanding an activity as lying in bed reading became an agony.
A lively mind and a passionate spirit trapped in a disintegrating body … Andrew just wasn’t having that. In his letter to Dignitas, he wrote, “The alternative, because of my condition, was to eke out more years without purpose, without the work that means so much to me, shrinking into pain, infirmity and indignity. I do not want that! I want to be free of that dread prospect …”
And now he is.
Since Andrew left the building, and since I first read this memoir, two more of our former colleagues on the NME – or, as master photographer Joseph ‘Captain Snaps’ Stevens used to call it, ‘The Old Gazette’ – have also gone missing. The planet is poorer without Andrew, and also without certified good guys and stalwart companions Roy Carr and Bob Woffinden. To all three, a heartfelt ave atque vale …
It was a pleasure and a privilege to work with all of those guys. I’m particularly happy and grateful that I knew Andrew Tyler, and I regret only that I didn’t know him better. My Life As An Animal goes a formidable distance towards redressing that deficiency: it’ll make you wish you’d known him too.
Rules are all right if there’s someone left to play the game
All my friends are going, things just don’t seem the same.
Nick Gravenites said that in a song he wrote for Paul Butterfield.
We only meet at funerals
Fewer of us each time
At every stop somebody leaves
As we get closer to the end of the line.
I said that.
https://www.facebook.com/AndrewTylerWriter/videos/356462758190477/
PS: the link for Andrew’s book takes you to the Animal Aid bookshop — which may cost you a little more than Amazon would charge, but it means that more of your hard-earned stipend goes where Andrew would want it to go … to his family and to the organisation to which he committed so much of his energy. A word to the wise guy (or gal) … you know it makes sense.
Posted in Books, Charles Shaar Murray, Journalism, Music | Tagged Andrew Tyler, Animal Aid, NME
Posted on April 25, 2018 by Charles Shaar Murray
Did Superman writers create President Donald Trump? NOT FAKE NEWS!
What becomes a super-villain most? Or: who becomes a supervillain most?
In the Oxford University Press anthology Our Superheroes, Ourselves (2013), edited by Robin S. Rosenberg and dealing with the social, political and psychological aspects of those brightly-coloured metaphors on legs, an essay by Robert J. Sternberg offers a handy guide to the common characteristics of super-villains like Lex Luthor, Dr Doom, The Green Goblin, Magneto and various James Bond bad guys.
Some of these characterics seemed eerily familiar, so I’m taking the liberty of quoting Dr Sternberg’s checklist in the hope of solving the mystery
Massive egocentrism. They believe that they are the centre of the universe and literally try to place themselves at the centre of the human universe. They see others as tools to serve them.
Lack of conscience. They really do not care what happens to others as long as their ego needs are met. If anything, they enjoy seeing others suffer [ …]
Exploitativeness. They exploit people shamelessly to their own ends. They have no qualms about using other people for their self-glorification and in the service of executing their plans.
False omniscience. They believe that they are either all-knowing or so hugely knowledgeable that there is little they can learn from anyone else. They often fail to learn from experience, which can further lead to their doom.
False invulnerability. They think that they are all-powerful, failing to recognize their own weaknesses.
False omnipotence. They believe that they are, or at least should be, all-powerful.
Ethical disengagement. They leave ethics to others; they have little or no sense of ethics of their own.
Hmmmm … the mists are clearing … all this definitely reminds me of someone …
Phun Phact # 1: Back in the 1980s, when the illuminati of DC Comics decided to reboot their flagship character, Superman, writer/artist John Byrne, to whom the future of the Man Of Steel had been entrusted, also decided on a makeover for Supey’s nemesis, Lex Luthor. Formerly a genius-level mad scientist in and out of jail so often that sometimes he didn’t even bother changing out of his prison greys, he was now reinvented – in the wake of Gene Hackman version from the Christopher Reeve-era Superman movies – as a megalomaniac billionaire tycoon whose superpowers were unlimited amounts of money and malevolence.
He thus became DC’s incarnation of Bad Capitalism, as opposed to the Good Capitalism represented by billionaire philanthropist Bruce (Batman) Wayne; just as, over at Marvel, Norman (Green Goblin) Osbourn was the evil twin of Good Capitalist and reformed arms dealer Tony (Iron Man) Stark. Byrne later revealed that his model for the ‘new’ Luthor was New York property developer Donald J. Trump.
Phun Phact #2: In several early-2000s storylines, Luthor actually became President of the United States, ruthlessly exploiting the powers of his office to pursue his various and nefarious schemes and agendas before being driven from said office by the revelation of high crimes against not just the USA but Planet Earth and much of the galaxy. (Marvel’s Norman Osborn had to content himself with becoming Secretary Of Defence.) Well, fancy that …
So maybe there’s still hope. In the meantime, despite my fondness for the nickname ‘Mafia Don’, I may start referring to him as ‘Lex Looter’. Or, better still, ‘Lex Loser.’
Posted in Comics, Heroes, Movies, politics | Tagged comics, Donald Trump, John Byrne, Lex Luthor, movies, Politics, Superman
Posted on March 12, 2018 by Charles Shaar Murray
The NME of my NME is …
Guess who got THIS scoop
Don’t start me talkin’ … I’ll tell everything I know. Because there’s so much things to say …
The news that the NME – where, during my twenties and half of my thirties, I worked and played and did my best to mess with the culture for fun, profit and the chance to make the world, in small and peculiar ways, a better place – has ceased to exist as a printed thing after many years of slow and steady decline gives rise to a plethora of remixed emotions.
Is it like seeing a dear old friend, braindead and paralysed after a protracted illness, having life-support finally switched off? Nahhhh … way too morbid, not to mention too melodramatic. I guess it’s more like passing somewhere you used to live and, even though you’re well aware that different people live there now, that the locks have long been changed and that you’re glad you moved, it’s still a shock to discover that it’s now been converted into a branch of Poundland.
Nevertheless, the NME is still a part of me, and some aspect of me is still a part of the NME. It was where I discovered that – despite all evidence to the contrary – that there was something I could do which people liked, and seized, with both hands and both feet, the opportunity to be part of an attempt to reboot an ailing and obsolescent music paper on the brink of potential cancellation into a mass-market underground-press rock rag capable of capturing the imagination of a significant chunk of the nation’s smartest and most inquisitive yoot-dem.
Long story short: we did it. And when I say ‘we’, I mean those who were there when I arrived in the summer of ’72 (Alan Smith, Nick Logan, Tony Tyler, Roy Carr, Julie Webb, Robert Ellis, Fred Dellar and others), those who arrived soon after I did (Nick Kent, Joe Stevens, Pennie Smith, Neil Spencer, Ian MacDonald) and them what came along in the next few new waves (Andrew Tyler, Mick Farren, John May, Pete Erskine, Chris Salewicz, Tony Benyon, Kate Phillips, Julie Burchill, Tony Parsons, Paul Morley, Ian Penman, Paul du Noyer, Anton Corbijn, Danny Baker, Chalkie Davies, Mat Snow, Barney Hoskyns, Chris Bohn … the list goes on and continued to do so long after my own departure ). No single one of us ‘was’ the NME. None of us ever could have been. We all were. And we all made contributions to building this … thing … which were as irreplaceable as was the thing itself.
Farewell to #NME. 😢 When I was a teenager, I read you from cover to cover. I met Bernie Taupin through an ad in the back pages. It changed my life forever. Thanks for so many memories, and Charles Shaar Murray. E x pic.twitter.com/5VSrlncfgf
— Elton John (@eltonofficial) March 9, 2018
If it hadn’t been for the NME, I have no idea what my life would have been like (apart from grievously bereft of sex, drugs and rockanroll). And I know that the demise of Printed Stuff is about as inevitable as a very inevitable thing can get, and that there’s no use crying over spilt beans and the passing times.
So let’s raise a glass and/or spliff for those no longer on the set: I.Mac, the Terrible Tyler Twins, Micky Farren, poor old Pete Erskine, Fiona Foulgar, the recently departed and already massively missed Cliff White.
Most of us had fun. A few of us (not me!) got rich. All of us made a difference.
Songs? Try The Beatles’ In My Life, Dusty Springfield’s Goin’ Back and Johnny Cash singing Kristofferson’s Sunday Morning Coming Down for how I feel now. For how it felt then … compile your own playlist, depending on when your own zeitgeisty NME ‘then’ was. Mine would run from Starman and All The Young Dudes to Ghost Town and The Message.
NME was a perfect storm, coming together from a set of social, cultural, technological and economic conditions which had never coincided before and will never coincide again. One of our distinguished alumni recently suggested bringing together the survivors of the 70s team for ‘one more issue’ but hey, fugeddaboudit … you can’t dip into the same river twice, or expect to look into the mirror of your teenage bedroom and see the same face again.
(Unless, that is, you could bring back I.Mac, the Terrible Tyler Twins and Micky F from wherever they’re currently hanging out …)
At every station somebody leaves
Approaching the end of the line …
These we have loved, these we have lost along the way … and the stars look very different today.
Pic Pennie Smith
Posted in Charles Shaar Murray, Journalism, Music, Writing | Tagged David Bowie, Elton John, NME
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Will donate one ticket to a home game
20 mai 2020 Non classé
Isaiah Wilson T Georgia Tennessee Titans 30.
It will feature eight men’s tour players in a 32-match, round-robin competition with prize money and playoffs behind closed doors in the nation’s Rhineland-Palatinate state with no fans in attendance.
• According to data and consulting firm NPD Group, the U.S.
LeBron looks to partner with leading companies like McDonald’s and we are thrilled to be associated with one of the most recognized and renowned brands, as well as with the many opportunities to work together in the coming months.
The launch spot, Shaq And Kendrick Score Big At Soaptopia, finds O’Neal and Lamar in specialty shop Soaptopia testing such products as Pink-a-Boo Blossom, Red-Hot Lover and what appears to be Shaq’s favorite, I’m Yummy And I Know It.
The three-year extension, which will focus on community and promotional initiatives, will run through the 2012 NBA season.
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Polamalu explain the benefits of the product to consumers through a campaign anchored by the Troy Polamalu School of Deeper Learning.
Jalen Reagor WR Texas Christian Philadelphia Eagles 22.
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Rice, now in his fifth season with the Ravens, is part of a BodyArmor roster of athlete investors and partners that also includes NFL ers Rob Gronkowski , LeSean McCoy and Jason https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0837PJ5PW .
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30 in Raleigh, hosted by the Carolina Hurricanes.
JJ Watt has teamed up with Reebok to inspire and motivate people everywhere to reach their full potential through fitness.
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He just wants to play the game and you gotta love a kid that’s like that.
The survey of 7 consumers was conducted May 3, per the NRF.
I Men’s Basketball Tournament, which will air on CBS, TBS, TNT and truTV, begins March 17 on CBS with .
We will be smart and strategic.
To support its MLB alliance, Esurance signed an endorsement deal with San Francisco Giants catcher and three-time World Series champion Buster Posey, who has a starring role in his own Sorta You Isn’t You commercial.
Also that season, the Los Angeles Lakers signed a three-year jersey patch with e-commerce platform Wish, valued at $12 million annually.
Previous efforts include spots showing that the left side of the candy was made in a different factory than the right side.
That amount is more than double the 2009 total raised in St.
Jeff Gladney CB Texas Christian Minnesota Vikings 32.
CDW has been a very gracious company .
Injuries and position moves in 2017 opened up a spot for Lanier on the defensive line and has given him an opportunity to https://www.amazon.com/dp/B084LBH2BM For many people, game time is the best time – and we are saluting the dedicated baseball fans who prioritize their passion and seize those great moments.
Adrienne Lofton, svp-global brand management for Under Armour, said when the campaign was unveiled, The Under Armour team proudly refers to Dwayne Johnson as the ‘Motivator of the Masses’ and together we bring this campaign to the world in celebration of our fused belief that with the right amount of ‘Will power,’ all athletes – including the UA athletes featured alongside him in this campaign – can find their custom basketball uniforms to the top.
27 – Mathew Barzal tallied one goal and one assist in 18 of ice time in the Islanders’ 5 win over the Flyers on Sunday.
Athletes trust chocolate milk stability their recovery soccer
Ambitious efforts to elevate can close attention leagues Josh Kline Jersey
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Strategy for Texas Holdem Poker Cash Games - Ring Game Tactics.
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35: Your Account
..and zo', we say "farewell" to zee' Caleepzo, so sad, yes? :: Archived
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Scuttle Calypso as scuba diving reef to end Cousteau family feud?
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by HUGH SCHOFIELD
LA ROCHELLE, France (21 Jan 2006) -- In an obscure corner of the old trawler harbour of La Rochelle, hidden from view by the building-site that was once the city's fish-market and forgotten by all but a devoted few, lie the rotting remains of one of the most famous ships of the 20th century.
Heavy-duty rubber straps have been bound round the stern to stop it breaking apart and the front is covered by a white tarpaulin. A large sign warns the curious against coming aboard. Understandably, because the handrails are splitting and the metal floors have rusted through to a thin veneer.
For the intrepid visitor who ignores the advice there is more desolation to come. Inside, where once rang out the cries of hardy crewmen and a thousand instruments whirred, there are now blackened timbers, gaping emptiness and the drip of discoloured rainwater.
This is the pitiful carcass of the legendary Calypso, the former Royal Navy minesweeper that for nearly half a century plied the oceans with the French undersea adventurer Jacques Cousteau, taking a starring role in his celebrated films and television programmes.
Nine years after the commander's death, the ship has fallen victim to a bitter family feud and its chances of a new life as a museum or research centre – let alone taking to the sea again – appear to be receding into the depths.
"We had an expert's report done recently and they said it was no longer a question of repairing the boat, but of rebuilding it," said Marc Parnaudeau, who is in charge of the Calypso dossier at the La Rochelle town hall.
"Every part would have to be replaced because the wood has completely rotted through. But it's like the bicycle which you change every part of. In the end you have a completely new one," he said.
The sad tale of the Calypso's decline began in 1996 – a year before Cousteau's death at the age of 87– when the ship was badly damaged in a collision with a barge in Singapore. Towed back to Marseille, the Calypso was brought to La Rochelle on the Atlantic coast two years later where the plan was to make it the centrepiece of a projected maritime museum.
"The theme of the museum was going to be submarine exploration – so it would have been perfect. But then the questions over the ownership suddenly emerged," said Parnaudeau.
Throughout its decades of service, the Calypso had in fact been the property of the Anglo-Irish millionaire Sir Loel Guinness, who leased it to Cousteau for a nominal rent. But since the commander's death two associations have laid claim to his legacy.
On one side the Equipe Cousteau – the French arm of the US-based Cousteau Society – represents the interests of Cousteau's widow Francine. On the other, the Campagnes Océanographiques Françaises (COF) is backed by Jean-Michel Cousteau, the commander's son by his first marriage, as well as by several of his old crew such as chief diver Albert Falco, now 78.
Francine – a former air-hostess 40 years Cousteau's junior who married him six months after the death of his first wife Simone – says that since the collapse of the La Rochelle museum idea she has struck a deal with an American company to have the Calypso turned into a scientific education centre in the Bahamas.
But the COF wants the ship to stay in France. "This is an historic vessel that should have been classified as part of the French national heritage a long time ago," said Jean-Michel. According to Falco, Cousteau told him shortly before he died that he wanted the Calypso to return to the Mediterranean.
"The boat needs us. I'd be ready to start out tomorrow," Falco told Le Monde.
Last November, a court in Paris appeared to settle the matter when it ruled in favour of Francine. A document showing that the Calypso was registered under the COF's name in the 1970s was erroneous, the judge found. But the COF immediately said that it would appeal – earning a vicious denunciation from Francine.
Meanwhile, the authorities in La Rochelle are impatient to get rid of a boat which is now seen as an embarrassing encumbrance.
"The dispute has gone on so long that we just want to be shot of it. It is heart-breaking, but we have to think ahead. And having the Calypso falling apart on our quayside is not good publicity. We will be happy to help pay the costs of getting her out of here," said Parnaudeau.
Some have suggested the Calypso should be towed out to sea and scuttled. It could then be used as a training area for deep-sea divers. Compared to yet more legal wrangling and years of painful decay, it could prove to be the more fitting end.
"All facts go to clearly prove that Shades is a thrice-cursed traitor & mentally deranged person steeped in inveterate enmity toward mankind"
JG300-Stoopy
Location: Group W bench
Posted: Tue Jan 24, 2006 12:04 am
Post subject: Re: ..and zo', we say "farewell" to zee' Caleepzo, so sad, yes?
Absolutely, I'd think there's little doubt the old man would approve of it becoming a living reef being as it's not likely to be seaworthy ever again...heck the Great Barrier Reef is supposed to be shrinking minutely every year so why not start adding back to it.
Overall it sure is a pretty sad story for a such a famous boat. Used to love watching that stuff when I was young. This vessel and Cousteau;s crew were ground-breakers. And still today, estimates are that we've only explored about 1% of the ocean environment....every new deep-sea dive brings the discovery of at least one more deepwater species.
"Once your reputation is ruined, you can live quite freely."
Archive Revive
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The time now is Wednesday, January 20, 2021 (01:08:55)
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Rock Band: The Beatles given an official launch
Microsoft also gave the official unveiling of Rock Band: The Beatles yesterday, with much fanfare and hoo-hah about the whole thing. Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr mooched about on stage with Microsoft reps, while Yoko Ono and Olivia Harrison repped for the departed members.
The first ten tracks have been released too, and here they are for your perusal:
God knows why they've put Octopus's Garden in there, we can only imagine it was there to make Ringo feel a bit better about himself. The pair of them also gave the most grandaddy quotes of all time, as though they had absolutely no idea what this whoe thing was about.
'We love the game, it's fantastic,' said McCartney. 'Who would have every thought we'd end up as androids?' Um, what? 'The game is good, the graphics are very good... we look great,' Said Ringo, unconvincingly. The game is going to be coming out in September, by the way.
Paul McCartney,
Ringo Starr,
Yoko Ono,
Rock Band: The Beatles unveiled
Ringo Starr claims Paul McCartney died and was replaced by doppelganger
McCartney says Yoko not to blame for Beatles split
Beatles audition for drummer
Using the cheapest Microsoft Works Office 2007 and 2008 Software
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Toyota uses tear gas to prevent theft of its cars
by jack walter · March 16, 2019
Toyota Motor Company has applied for a patent to protect the vehicle from theft by using tear gas.
Toyota has applied for a patent for an aromatherapy system, including the emission of tear gas if an intruder is identified, according to Motor 1 .
The company said that “The gas distributor in the car will have a transmitter and receiver configured to communicate with the owner of the car “.
She pointed out that there will be a controller that can automatically launch a specific scent for the passenger.
The system works mainly by identifying the passenger if an intruder smells bad when someone else enters the car.
The invention included the method of deodorizing, cleaning the car of all odors.
The American Rivian is ready to launch R1T “the first electric Truck”
by jack walter · Published November 21, 2018
Audi electric e-tron mentioned on video
by jack walter · Published September 18, 2018
Mini may share its technology with a Chinese company in the future
Cristiano Ronaldo accused of rape!!
Food, Weight Loss & Diet
What is cellulite and how to treats it?
McLaren Speedtail may accelerate from 0 to 100 km / h in less than two seconds
Winners of FIFA Football awards “the best 2018”
Mercedes Vision EQ Silver Arrow lunched at the Paris Show
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Increased incidence of melanotic tumors in two strains of Drosophila Melanogaster following treatment with sodium fluoride
Author: Genetics
Journal Name: Herskowitz IH, Norton IL.
Volume/Page: 48(2):307-10.
Categories: Cancer, Genotoxicity
In Drosophila melanogaster the frequency of adults with melanotic tumors increases both when .larvae from genetically normal and genetically melanotic tum0r strains are exposed to nutrient containing silver nitrate. Larval nutrient containing sodium fluoride also has this effect on genetically normal individuals. The present work was performed to test simultaneously the melanotic tumorigenic
capacity of sodium fluoride in two different genetic lines in which such tumors normally occur or do not occur with appreciable frJ1quency.
In D. Melanogaster, when larvae are grown in nutrient containing different concentrations of NaF, the tu-soj strain, which normally has a relatively strong genetic predisposition for the formation of melanotic tumors, demonstrates a significantly higher rate of induced melanotic tumors in the adult stage than does the wild·type Oregon R strain, which normally has a relatively weak genetic predisposition in this respect.
The influence of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride on the frequency of sex-linked recessive lethals and sterility in Drosophila Melanogaster
The influence of hydrogen fluoride as an atmospheric contaminant was investigated in the Oregon-r strain of Drosophila melanogaster. Two principal parameters of mutagenicity were used: sex-linked recessive lethals and sterility. The flies were subjected to various levels of HF in fumigation chambers. Sex-linked recessive lethal mutation frequency increasd at each level
Induction of micronuclei by sodium fluoride
More than 500 million people live in communities with artificially or naturally fluoridated drinking water that has been treated with 1 ppm or more of fluoride. Workers in aluminum plants, phosphate fertilizer plants and other fluoride-related factories are also exposed to high concentrations of fluoride. It is reported that workers
Genotoxic evaluation of chronic fluoride exposure: micronucleus and sperm morphology studies
The purpose of this study was to investigate the genotoxic effects of chronic fluoride exposure on mammalian cells in vivo by use of the mouse bone-marrow micronucleus test and the sperm morphology methodology. Mice of genotype B6C3F1 were obtained at weaning and maintained on a low-fluoride diet (less than 0.2
Is fluoride a mutagen?
Recent studies suggest that fluoride may be genotoxic. While the concentration of fluoride in artificially fluoridated water (1 mg Fl-1) is generally considered to be "safe", levels of fluoride present in a number of widely used dental health products, such as fluoride-containing toothpaste, appear to be potentially mutagenic. Since fluoride
Chronic fluoride exposure does not cause detrimental, extraskeletal effects in nutritionally deficient rats
On the basis of observations that endemic fluorosis occurs more often in malnourished populations, a series of studies tested the hypothesis that deficient dietary intake of calcium, protein or energy affects fluoride metabolism so that the margin of safe fluoride exposure may be reduced. The objective of the investigation was
NTP Bioassay on Fluoride/Cancer (1990)
In 1977, the U.S. Congress requested that animal studies be conducted to determine if fluoride can cause cancer. The result of the Congressional request was an extensive animal study conducted in the 1980s by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) and published in 1990. The main finding of NTP's study was a dose-dependent increase in osteosarcoma (bone cancer) among the fluoride-treated male rats.
A Critique of Gelberg's Study on Fluoride/Osteosarcoma in New York
The case-control study by Gelberg, published first as a PhD dissertation and then later in two peer-reviewed journals, may represent the most substantive study on fluoride/osteosarcoma previous to Bassin’s 2001 analysis. In assessing Gelberg’s data, we were at first struck by the existence of several notable errors in both the thesis and papers. While these errors do raise questions about the study, our primary concern with Gelberg’s work relates to the methods she used to analyze her data.
Fluoride & Liver Cancers in NTP Bioassay
On October 28, 1988, Battelle Columbus Laboratories submitted its Final Report to the NTP concerning the results of the Mouse study. The principal finding of Battelle's report was that a dose-dependent increase of a rare liver cancer (hepatocholangiocarcinoma) had occurred in the fluoride-treated male and female mice.
Fluoride's Mutagenicity: In vivo Studies
Consistent with dozens of in vitro studies, a number of in vivo studies, in both humans and animals, have found evidence of fluoride-induced genetic damage. In particular, research on humans exposed to high levels of fluoride have found increased levels of "sister chromatid exchange" (SCE). As noted in one study: "In
Fluoride/Osteosarcoma Link Is Biologically Plausible
The "biological plausiblility" of a fluoride-osteosarcoma link is widely acknowledged in the scientific literature. The biological plausibility centers around three facts: 1) Bone is the principal site of fluoride accumulation, particularly during the growth spurts of childhood; 2) Fluoride is a mutagen when present at sufficient concentrations, and 3) Fluoride can stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells).
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Ed Stocker
Jean Enock Joseph stands up to Haiti’s toughest problems. His message: people possess the ability to help themselves.
See the PDF
Jean Enock Joseph is a born storyteller. Seated behind a desk at his office in the Haitian capital, Port-au-Prince, he energetically waves his hands as he explains his work. Mr. Joseph clearly has endless enthusiasm for his subject – powered by the raw energy of a reformer.
“With sheer willpower and hardly any means, we’ve built our projects on
efficiency and vision,” he says, his singsong French rising and falling with
each sentence. “We’ve focused on inclusion, fairness, excellence and making a
difference. Those are our values – and we’ve produced results.”
Focusing on the most needy
Pastor Enock (as he’s better known) is an evangelical preacher, which
goes some way to explaining his rousing speaking style. But he’s also a
passionate advocate of lay issues, such as access to education and housing, needs
that continue to bypass large swaths of the population here.
His day-to-day social work focuses on helping some of Haiti’s most
needy, in a country that remains the poorest in the Western Hemisphere.
Joseph was born and raised in Cité Soleil – the most notorious
shantytown in Port-au-Prince – where many of his social projects are still
focused. The area is renowned for gangs with various political allegiances and
drug-related violence.
A bloody upturn in violence a decade ago was enough to convince the
pastor that enough was enough.
“Our initiative was launched 10 years ago to respond to a problem that
was ravaging Cité Soleil,” Joseph explains. “There was a murderous struggle
between residents of [the] Boston and Soleil Neuf [neighborhoods], which, over
the course of around 30 days, saw women raped, houses destroyed, and people
killed. The population was powerless to stop the thugs from doing what they
wanted.
“We realized that there were plenty of good, honest people able to do
something about this situation,” he continues, “which is why we launched CONOCS
– the Collective of Noteworthy People in Cité Soleil. Our goal at the time was
to struggle for peace, nonviolence, and sustainable development
in the area.”
While Joseph concedes that Cité Soleil has a special place in his heart,
his focus over the years has shifted to helping Haiti as a whole. His work now
takes him to places such as Bon Repos and Croix-des-Bouquets, cities northeast
of Port-au-Prince.
Putting Haitians in charge
of recovery
CONOCS has also evolved into a large umbrella organization called MPE(Ministère
Pasteur Enock) overseen by the pastor. To date it has helped set up five
primary schools, two hospitals, one vocational college, one music school, two
youth orchestras, and three Internet cafes.
In a country where the slow pace of reconstruction work since the
January 2010 earthquake has received intense criticism – and plenty of questions about the efficacy of aid distribution
– Joseph’s projects show a transparent, intelligent use of limited resources.
The hordes of international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that operate
in the country – with far greater means at their disposal – coulddo far worse
than follow his lead.
In an ideal world, of course, MPE would be independent
of international charities. But with the Haitian government unable to raise
funds, Joseph is reliant on donations from overseas. The big difference between
his organization and others, he argues, is that with his group, the foreign involvement
ends with the donations: Haitians are the ones conceiving the ideas for their
own communities and then staying the course to oversee their implementation.
“There’s a big debate in the international press at
the moment about the effectiveness of NGOs,” Joseph says. “We can say that
there are real doubts when several billion dollars are invested in a country,
and you can’t see the results with the naked eye. You need a giant telescope to
see them.
“But the projects from Food For The Poor and the
Fondation Saint-Luc [which we work with] are visible.”
‘Pastor Enock is
a fabulous individual’
For Delane Bailey-Herd, Haiti project manager at Food
For The Poor, a Christian international relief and development organization based
in Coconut Creek, Fla., Joseph is the ideal person to have on the ground in
Port-au-
“Pastor Enock is a fabulous individual,” she says. “He
understands the needs and the difficulties of Cité Soleil – the people, the
gangs, where they’re at. Both he and his group have such great ideas for
change. We’ve come alongside him to empower him in these transformative steps.
But he understands the area best.”
A recent visitor to MPE’s Cité Soleil Non-Violence
Vocational Center, set up in 2006, watched apprentices beavering away
furiously. Outside in the courtyard, a group of young men wearing protective
dark glasses forged strips of metal. Inside, women tore bits of paper and cardboard
into small strips.
When Joseph temporarily halted work to make a
motivational speech, the members of his flock craned their necks to listen.
Both the metal forging and the paper project are
designed to generate funds. The latter is a clever way of turning scraps of
rubbish into compressed fuel briquettes. The idea not only helps tidy the
streets by recycling unwanted refuse but provides an alternative to wood-based charcoal
in a country that already suffers from severe deforestation.
The job of the apprentices is to sell these ideas to
domestic and industrial consumers. The hope is that the money they generate can
be plowed back into other initiatives.
“We’d like the government to take charge of the
population and provide a subsidy equal to the one we receive from abroad –
that’s our hope,” Joseph says. “But we’re also looking to put in place
production workshops and other structures so that MPE can guarantee its own funds
to finance projects. That’s our ultimate goal.”
Other microprojects that Joseph says can help bankroll
MPE include a cabinetmaking workshop and a garden center.
Perhaps most important, the MPE workshops and training
projects offer Haitians an “alternative path” in life, as Joseph puts it. Learning
a skill or profession gives them a viable alternative to the lure of drug money
and a gang culture that often affect young people living in the slums.
Haitians can do
it for themselves
Yet despite MPE’s strong desire to help those in need,
its ethos firmly focuses on helping Haitians control their own destinies.
“Many people we’ve helped have been waiting for a
messiah or some important person to give them food and things like that,”
Joseph explains. “But it’s no good for an individual to be like that. You have
the responsibility to look after your own life, and you can’t wait for someone else
to help you live.”
Despite the negative headlines that dominate coverage
of Haiti, MPE’s progress reaffirms the idea that all is not lost for the
impoverished Caribbean nation. And Joseph is keen to point out that the work
his organization is doing is by no means the only positive story here: Haitians
really can do it for themselves.
“Joseph has a vision, and we saw that,” Ms. Bailey-Herd
says. “He wants to see big transformations in the next 20 years.”
A hands-on force for change in a country that has often been torn apart by racial, political, and social divisions, Joseph sees MPE as proof that another Haiti is possible.
“We see the human being,” he says. “Not his faith, his color, his outlook, or his level of education.
“Any man or woman is worthy of our help.”
© 2019 Ed Stocker
ed@edstocker.com
US: +1 929 2628639
UK: +44 (0) 7793 548 987
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Zarif in Moscow for More Syria Planning
By MEI Staff | Oct 26, 2016
Iranian Foreign Minister Javad Zarif is due to be in Moscow on October 28. There, he will meet with his Russian and Syrian counterparts to assess the military campaign against the Syrian opposition.
Zarif’s return to Moscow comes as the Iranian press is speculating that no American action of any kind should be expected in the dying weeks of the Obama administration. According to one outlet, Iranian Diplomacy, President Barack Obama has already decided to leave any major US policy decision on the question of Syria to his successor.
This in turn provides an opening for the pro—al-Assad states, including Iran and Russia, to best utilize this window of time to consolidate the Syrian government’s position before the next US president takes office in January 2017.
Meanwhile, Tehran is also very carefully watching the Egyptian position on the Syrian war. The Russians have been asking Cairo to come out in support of Damascus, a development that in Iran’s eyes would go a long way to help al-Assad’spropaganda war against the Syrian opposition.
Iran - International
MEI Staff
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Zarif arrives in South Africa leading high-ranking trade delegation
Iran expands nuclear enrichment activity at Natanz facility
IRGC steps up crackdown on environmentalists amid anti-government protests
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Why Allshore?
About Allshore
Virtual IT Support
Sales Staffing
Language in Pakistan
Pakistan is a small country with a large population and a surprising number of languages; more than 70 according to Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Some are much more prominent and widespread than others, but they all hold a certain level of importance within Pakistan.
The primary languages in Pakistan
Urdu is the national language of Pakistan and its lingua franca. It is Pakistan’s most widely used and understood language and serves as a bridge language, allowing people throughout Pakistan with different mother tongues to communicate when they come in contact. So while it may not be everyone’s first language, it is almost always people’s second language and it is the language most often taught in schools. While Urdu is the language most associated with Pakistan, a small percentage of Pakistanis (typically those particularly in tribal lands) do not speak or understand Urdu at all.
The Urdu Alphabet
Although Urdu is the national language, the official language of Pakistan is actually English. This means that it is the language used by the Pakistani government for official forms and documents, although English is not necessarily spoken during Pakistan’s government proceedings. While a large number of Pakistanis speak English, it is generally only spoken by those with access to higher quality schools and tends to be much more prominent in metropolitan areas. English is very prominent in higher education and many degree programs are taught entirely in English, especially those trades that are often conducted internationally including most programs for IT and web development.
It is not uncommon in Pakistan for an individual to speak multiple languages.
There are four provinces in Pakistan, and each has its own language:
Punjab has Punjabi
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has Pashto
Sindh has Sindhi
Balochistan has Balochi.
People raised in each province will generally know the province’s language, and while some will choose to use it as their primary language, most also know Urdu since traveling is made difficult without it. Those who speak English therefore may speak three languages.
Some of the other languages spoken throughout Pakistan include Hindko, Saraiki, Jhangochi, Kashmiri and Kalash. Some languages are more prevalent in metropolitan areas, while others are more prevalent in rural or tribal areas. It is somewhat unclear what percentage of Pakistanis speaks each language, but it is clear that there is no shortage of language diversity in the densely populated country.
Language at Allshore
Allshore’s Pakistan offices are in Islamabad, Lahore and Karachi. Lahore is located in the province Punjab, and thus many of the developers and team leaders in that office speak Punjabi. The Islamabad office features a little more language diversity, with some speaking Punjabi, and others speaking Pashto or Urdu. The Karachi office, on the other hand, features mostly Urdu speakers. Like the majority of Pakistanis, Allshore’s Pakistani team members are all able to speak and understand Urdu, but some may prefer to use their regional language when they can. Though Allshore employees conduct all business in English, it is clear that our Pakistani team features an abundance of cultural and linguistic diversity.
http://www.ethnologue.com/country/PK/default/***EDITION***
http://nationalheritage.gov.pk/languagelitrature.html
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CALIFORNIA: Loma Linda Univ. Cumulative GPA minimum of 3.0 (4-point scale) on all undergraduate and graduate work completed at a regionally accredited university or college. Analytics cookies do not personally identify you and cannot be turned off. Thank you for your interest in subscribing to receive the latest Samford news. Applicants can self-report unofficial scores on their CASPA application, but this does not replace official score reports. Please Note: There are no Cameras for sale in this listing.. U.S.. News & World Report ranked the profession no. Applicants may 2 have courses in progress at the time the application is submitted: Example: Biology 1 plus lab = 1 course. Answer 1 of 3: Hi, I will visit stamford in near future. About See All. A career as a physician assistant is inherently collaborative, working alongside physicians and other health care professionals to provide exemplary care through optimal team practice. Samford Academics . Accreditation-Provisional is an accreditation status granted when the plans and resource allocation, if fully implemented as planned, of a proposed program that has not yet enrolled students appear to demonstrate the program’s ability to meet the ARC-PA Standards or when a program holding Accreditation-Provisional status appears to demonstrate continued progress in complying with the Standards as it prepares for the graduation of the first class (cohort) of students. Candidates must meet certain physical requirements for acceptance and completion of the program. Augusta University PA Program 987 Sebastian Way EC 3304 Augusta, GA 30912 706-721-3247 paprogram@augusta.edu. Must complete 24 credit hours as a full-time student in a U.S. regionally accredited institution. Physician Assistant Schools in South Carolina. Pay the initial service fee of $179 when submitting the CASPA application. To me it's always easier to take the train (Metro North) into NYC.Most of central Manhattan is walkable from Grand Central. Get answers to your questions about Stamford . 1,137 people follow this. A student’s intention to practice in a narrow area of clinical medicine will not alter the technical and didactic requirements needed to successfully graduate. Answer 1 of 2: Does anybody know the cost of overnight parking at stamford station? This is a subreddit for all pre-physician assistant students seeking help with their applications. Learn More. Emily Russell. All students will be required to demonstrate competency in both the didactic and technical curriculum in order to complete the program. Vision . Thanksgiving Parade Advice 20 November 2019; Question about Stamford Transportation Center 13 September 2019; Train travel to NYC from Stamford CT 12 September 2019; Newtown PA to Stamford CT 10 September 2019; Overnight parking options at Stamford station 01 August 2019; … Please do not send transcripts to Samford University. From eliciting patient histories to preventative care, clear and concise communication is essential in patient care. As a part of Samford’s College of Health Sciences, you will learn in an interprofessional setting, studying alongside students in other health care disciplines, like nursing, pharmacy, physical therapy, social work, nutrition and more. The projected cost is subject to change. Community See All. Anchored in Christian understanding, the mission of Samford University's Department of Physician Assistant Studies is to nurture and develop students both spiritually and academically to provide empathetic, compassionate patient care and service to the community. The total projected cost for the Samford University's Physician Assistant Studies program, including tuition, fees, etc., is $97,000. Answer 1 of 7: Looking for the best route from Newtown, PA to Stamford, CT. Best meaning least traffic congestion. © 2018 PhysicianAssistantForum.Com. (The average for all occupations is only seven percent. (Must complete a full sequence. Students and applicants may participate in relevant topics, but are to start new threads in their respective sections only, NOT here. Once properly oriented, students must be able to observe and participate in demonstrations and experiments in the basic sciences. WISCONSIN: Univ. Minimum of C letter grade in all prerequisite courses from a regionally accredited college or university within the United States. The mission of Samford University is to nurture persons in their development of intellect, creativity, faith and personhood. Forum for the Samford Bulldogs. Remi na Stamford Bridgeu . Any one know how much it … Academics, Student Spotlight & Outcomes. Stamford forums . Upon acceptance, a non-refundable fee of $1,000 is required to secure admission into the program. will park at 3 pm and come back next day around 8 pm. Accreditation Status: Provisional Learn more about what provisional accreditation status means for you. Through these four-week rotations, you will gain experience in areas like family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics and physiology, along with your choice of elective rotations in areas like trauma, neurology, cardiovascular surgery and more. Fylde (a) 1st December. Tuition, Fees and Associated Cost of Attendance. High fidelity simulators respond realistically to care and allow students to practice skills until they are comfortable with assessment and procedures. Discuss topics relating to specific states. Accreditation-Provisional is an accreditation status granted when the plans and resource allocation, if fully implemented as planned, of a proposed program that has not yet, enrolled students appear to demonstrate the program’s ability to meet the ARC-PA, or when a program holding Accreditation-Provisional status appears to, demonstrate continued progress in complying with the. Stamford. Paul Harrelson is a 1988 graduate from Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest University Physician Assistant program. The students should have sufficient postural and neuromuscular control, sensory function, and coordination to perform appropriate physical examinations using accepted techniques. As students graduate from our programs, outcome data will be published regarding: Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies Plan of Study. Applications will not be considered for admission until the WES report is received. Students must be able to observe classroom demonstrations and participate in technical procedures as required by the curriculum. The program’s accreditation history can be viewed on the ARC-PA website. If your school does not offer either of these services, your transcript must be sent by mail. Get the best Samford Bulldogs consensus picks from the Covers Community. Plenty of parking. Discussion about PA school, from acceptance to graduation. Please review the application instructions at. by soxskier. WISCONSIN: University of Wisconsin-Madison, [PAST FEATURED] Professional PA General Discussion, International Physician Assistant Schools, ENGLAND: St. Georges University of London, NETHERLANDS: Hanze University of Groningen, NETHERLANDS: HAN University of Applied Sciences Arnhem/Nijmegen, NETHERLANDS: Inholland University Graduate School, NETHERLANDS: University of Applied Sciences Utrecht. Physician Assistant Forum About. The link to the supplemental form will be e-mailed when your application is submitted. 1 01 August 2019. by Derek What’s Stamford like? Minimum requirements for admission include: The steps below outline the application process for Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies program. Emory University PA Program 1462 Clifton Rd NE Atlanta, GA 30322 404-727-7827 pa_admissions@emory.edu. BPA Forum > Avenue Chat. Through the use of simulation, physician assistant studies students will experience caring for a patient in a safe environment with no risk of harm to the patient. Official transcripts from every college or university attended are considered part of the CASPA application. For PA's interested in discussion in starting an maintaining a PA Owned practice. This website uses cookies to ensure you get the best experience on our website. Log In. Charleston Southern University PA Program 9200 University Blvd Charleston, SC 29406 843-863-7427 paprogarm@csuniv.edu. The Physician Assistant Program requires a course-by-course evaluation including verification of lab components of the courses with the CASPA application. Stamford Tourism Stamford Hotels Bed and Breakfast Stamford Stamford Holiday Rentals Flights to Stamford Stamford Restaurants Stamford Attractions Stamford Travel Forum Stamford Photos Stamford Map Stamford Guide All Stamford Hotels; Stamford Hotel Deals; Last Minute Hotels in Stamford; By Hotel Type Stamford Motels ; Stamford Green Hotels; Family Hotels Stamford; Business … Newtown PA to Stamford CT. by marchgal. See more of Samford University School of Health Professions on Facebook. The ARC-PA has granted Accreditation-Provisional status to the Samford University Physician Assistant Studies Program sponsored by Samford University. Share with: Link: Copy link. Candidates must possess key components needed to be a physician assistant. Not Now. Since the options in the Amtrak snack bar car aren't that great, does anyone have suggestions for a nearby place to pick up sandwiches for the train? by bradford758 » 12:29 AM - Today. Powered by Invision Community, Welcome to the Physician Assistant Forum! Physician Assistant Schools in Georgia. The fee is applied to the first semester's tuition. We're thinking about stopping in Stamford for the night the shorten the driving and for a cheaper night's stay. by robertredmile. Neambiciozan londonski derbi na Stamford Bridgeu: Po bod Chelseaju i Tottenhamu . Howard College of Arts and Sciences News Feed. 70. Sacred Heart University's Physician Assistant Department offers a Master of Physician Assistant Studies (MPAS) ... Tandet Center, 4 Hospital Plaza, Stamford, CT 06902 Email olsena3@sacredheart.edu. Our fully integrated curriculum provides comprehensive medical knowledge and skills that will prepare you to be practice-ready for a variety of clinical settings, and with small class sizes, our faculty will know you by name. With this in mind, patient safety is a major consideration in determining the physical, cognitive and emotional capabilities of students both through admission and matriculation through the program. It is limited to no more than five years from matriculation of the first class. Create New Account. Samford's School of Health Professions does not uphold any admission or enrollment practices that favor specific individuals or groups. They must be able to observe a patient accurately at a distance, as well as, close at hand and be able to obtain a medical history directly from the patient, while observing the patient's medical condition. This new master's program in physician assistant studies will offer students a personalized education experience with a low student-to-faculty ratio in both classroom and clinical settings. For I will restore health to you, and your wounds I will heal, declares the LORD. We use cookies to improve our site, personalize content and serve more relevant advertising on other platforms. The program has the ethical responsibility to assure that patients will be provided with safe and appropriate medical care. Physician Assistant Forum About. The Stanford School of Medicine Master of Science in Physician Assistant (PA) Studies program seeks to develop highly skilled clinical PAs and inspire PA students to become PA leaders through work in scholarly concentrations, including community health, clinical research, health services and policy research, and medical education. Students must exhibit both the mental and cognitive capabilities to complete the program including all of its didactic and clinical components. Contact the Association of American Medical Colleges for submission of MCAT scores to CASPA. Foto: EPA . Observation of gross and microscopic structures necessitates the functional use of the senses of vision and touch and is enhanced by the functional sense of smell. Topics. College of Pharm and Health Sciences- Manchester, NEW JERSEY: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, NEW MEXICO: The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, NEW YORK: Long Island University Division of PA Studies, NEW YORK: New York Institute of Technology, NEW YORK: Pace University-Lenox Hill Hospital, NEW YORK: Rochester Institute of Technology, NEW YORK: SUNY Upstate Medical University, NEW YORK: The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, NEW YORK: Wagner College/Staten Island University Hospital, NORTH DAKOTA: Univ. 1,090 people like this. 5 out of 5 stars. Members. Includes units, ATS records and last 10 picks. Cultural Heart? College & University in Birmingham, Alabama. A forum for discussion of admission to PA school in general. Candidates must be able to tolerate physically taxing workloads and to function effectively when stressed. Meet the Coaches Contact Disclaimers/Policy Free Resources. Applicants may choose from the following 3 tests. Alumni. The Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies, is an intense and rigorous program that requires knowledge in all fields of medicine and the basic skills needed within these fields to practice effectively. Samford University School of Health Professions. We hope you will join us to meet our faculty and learn more about the programs offered by our four schools: School of Health Professions, Moffett & Sanders School of Nursing, McWhorter School of Pharmacy and School of Public Health. Please allow up to four weeks for verification, contact CASPA for more information. General Psychology or Abnormal Psychology or Developmental Psychology—two of the three required (6 semester hours), Human Anatomy & Human Physiology with labs, or Anatomy & Physiology I and II with labs or Comparative Anatomy and Mammalian physiology with labs. The student must be capable of performing basic laboratory tests, using a calculator and a computer, reading an EKG, and interpreting common imaging tests. Phone: 205-726-4720. View our privacy policy. The skills needed to practice as a physician assistant are numerous. Tuition, Fees and Associated Cost of Attendance . A forum for graduated PAs to discuss topics of interest. Threads or posts not on topic will be deleted or moved to the appropriate forum at … ), Application Opens: April 30, 2020Application Deadline: August 1, 2020Entry Month: August 2021 [see Accreditation]. Subscribe. This is an estimate and will be dependent on approval by the Samford University's Board of Trustees. The area is close to SONO and has some nice places to eat. After reasonable training and experience, the candidate must be capable of performing a complete physical examination, including observation, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Clubhouse; Schedule; Statistics; Roster; Photos; Tickets The GRE and PA-CAT are currently being administered online. Created Nov 22, 2014. Samford University will provide the necessary accommodations to prepare our students from both the didactic and technical aspects preparing them for their future careers as physician assistants. … You will need an ... Finkenblog: Beeson Divinity School's Online Forum. The total projected cost for the Samford University's Physician Assistant Studies program, including tuition, fees, etc., is $97,000. Program Spotlight: Samford University. Please read our FAQs before submitting questions. Substitutions for separate course sequence will not be accepted.) Francis Marion University PA Program 200 W Evans St PO Box 100547 Florence, SC 29501 843-661-1659 … The candidate must also possess the motor skills needed to perform numerous clinical procedures such as, but not limited to, the following: pelvic examination, digital rectal examination, lumbar punctures, central venous lines, suturing, drawing blood from veins and arteries and giving intravenous injections, basic cardiopulmonary life support, and simple obstetrical procedures. No minimum score. International applicants or American citizens who learned English as a second language must score at least 550 (paper), 213 (computer) or 80 (Internet) on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). Discussion forum for International Physician Assistants, © 2018 PhysicianAssistantForum.Com. 5. (6-8 semester hours), General biology I and II with labs (6-8 semester hours), Microbiology with lab (3-4 semester hours), General Chemistry I and II with labs or higher Chemistry (Organic I or Organic II with labs) (8-9 semester hours), Statistics, including statistical tests and analysis (3 semester hours), If coursework is completed in an institution outside of the United States, an international credential evaluation is required reporting prior university. A science GPA of 3.0 (4-point scale) on all undergraduate and graduate work completed at an accredited university or college within the United States. Take a look at the Norwalk Maritime center, it has a great aquarium. Padgett led the Bulldogs to 20 wins in 2016-17 but never better than a sixth-place finish in the Southern Conference. This observation necessitates the functional use of the sense of vision, hearing and other sensory modalities in order to elicit accurate patient information, make diagnoses, and perceive both verbal and non-verbal communication. by Rob W. 3 26 April 2019. by Rob W Taxi from Stamford to Norwalk that takes credit cards. To apply, you are required to submit both an application through CASPA as well as a physician assistant supplemental form. Found. Accepted- Omotola. Share. or. of N. Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, OREGON: Oregon Health Sciences University, PENNSYLVANIA: Lock Haven University of Pennsylvania, PENNSYLVANIA: Pennsylvania College of Technology, PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, PENNSYLVANIA: Thomas Jefferson University, PENNSYLVANIA: University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, SOUTH CAROLINA: Charleston Southern University, SOUTH CAROLINA: Francis Marion University, SOUTH CAROLINA: Medical University of South Carolina, SOUTH CAROLINA: North Greenville University, SOUTH CAROLINA: University of South Carolina, TENNESSEE: Lincoln Memorial University PA Program, TENNESSEE: University of Tennessee Health Science Center, TEXAS: Interservice, Academy of Health Sciences, US Army, TEXAS: Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, TEXAS: The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TEXAS: The University of Texas Medical Branch, TEXAS: The University of Texas Rio Grande, TEXAS: University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, UTAH: Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, VIRGINIA: Eastern Virginia Medical School, WASHINGTON, DC: George Washington University Medical Center. Our Experiential Learning and Simulation Center offers discipline specific and interdisciplinary learning opportunities across the simulation continuum. of Wisconsin-LaCrosse-Gunderson Lutheran Med. Answer 1 of 3: My wife and I are driving down from Cape Cod to NYC. The program is a lock-step program, we do not grant or award advanced placement. Email: pharrels@samford.edu. By the conclusion of the clinical clerkships, the student should achieve full competence in the skills described above including the ability to synthesize and organize these skills. 3 on its list of The 100 Best Jobs in 2019, and the U.S. Department of Labor’s Bureau of Labor and Statistic reports physician assistant should see a 30 percent expected job growth before 2024. The student must be able to move in the clinical setting so as to act quickly in emergencies. Students and applicants may participate in relevant topics, but are to start new threads in their respective sections only, NOT here. Completion of a standardized test for the 2020 admission season is required. For prerequisite courses taken during the spring 2020 semester, pass/fail grading will be accepted. One of the School of Health Professions' newest programs, the program offers students a personalized education experience with a low student-to-faculty ratio in both classroom and clinical settings. as it prepares for the graduation of the first class (cohort) of students. 1; 2; 3; 69 Replies 2.0K Views Last post by jeff 12:43 PM - Today 2020-11-25T22:12. Number of … For discussion of doctoral programs for PAs who didn't start out with doctorates--DHEd, DHSc, DMSc, or whatever, aimed at PAs who started with a masters' degree or lower. Transcripts must be sent directly to: CASPA only accepts electronic transcripts from Credentials Solutions and Parchment. 29.11.2020 u 19:26 . For details, visit ETS. Candidates must possess the emotional well-being required for the full use of their intellectual abilities; the exercise of sound judgment, the prompt completion of all responsibilities attendant to the diagnosis and care of patients; and the development of mature, sensitive and effective relationships with patients. Program Spotlight ** Updated March 2020 ** Location: Birmingham, AL. Updated 10:58 am EST, Thursday, November 26, 2020 Obtain student copies of your college transcripts to assist you in completing the coursework section for the application. March 23, 2020. Students will be able to accurately, safely and efficiently use equipment and materials during the assessment and treatment of patients. The candidate must be capable of using instruments such as, but not limited to: a stethoscope, an ophthalmoscope, an otoscope and a sphygmomanometer. Submit Graduate Record Examination Score electronically to CASPA, Institution Code 2733 no later than the August 1 deadline. Stamford. The recommendations should attest to the applicants academic ability and/or clinical experience. Before starting these applications, we recommend that you complete the following steps: Our program offers diverse clinical experiences that are overseen by quality preceptors who are invested in your education. Threads or posts not on topic will be deleted or moved to the appropriate forum at moderator discretion. Answered: We're taking Amtrak from Stamford to Boston late Monday morning. All Rights Reserved. 18.1k . Professional Photographer in Stamford Downsizing Paper, Formica, Large items including a Super-Boom Stand with Casters and some General Photo Equipment...Please TEXT me With any requests.. Feel Free top call or Text on the items above. Subscribe to receive the latest articles from the Beeson Divinity School blog. Technical Standards. or AACRAO International Education Services (IES), found at. Replies Views Last post; Spennymoor (a) 28.11.20. by bradford758 » 10:12 PM - 4 days ago. AcceptPreferences. Phone 203-989-9233. School of Medicine, CALIFORNIA: Touro University at Mare Island PA Program, CALIFORNIA: UC Davis Department of Family Practice PA Program, CALIFORNIA: University of the Pacific (Sacramento), CALIFORNIA: Western Univ. The College of Health Sciences hosts a number of Open House events for prospective undergraduate and graduate students. The center also features adult, pediatric and neonatal simulators and a variety of patient care settings including inpatient hospital rooms, and operating room and even a simulated home unit. Health care simulation is an innovative and exciting way to learn and practice caring for patients. They can be located on the sidebar or at the pinned post titled "START HERE". Questions asked here will be answered by interested PA students and practicing PAs. Alexandra Jaffe and Jill Colvin, Associated Press. No more than three letters of recommendation should be submitted. As a Christian university, the community fosters academic, career and ethical competency while encouraging social and civic responsibility and service to others. … Online. This is an estimate and will be dependent on approval by the Samford University's Board of Trustees. Students must be able to communicate effectively and sensitively with patients and colleagues, including individuals from different cultural and social backgrounds; this includes, but is not limited to, the ability to establish rapport with patients and communicate judgments and treatment at a level consistent with competent professional practice. 146 check-ins . The Latest in Physician Assistant View More News. Baccalaureate degree or higher from a regionally accredited college or university (degree in any field) or be in the senior year of undergraduate study. Southern Conference. of Health Sciences Primary Care PA Program, COLORADO: University of Colorado Health Science Center, CONNECTICUT: Yale University School of Medicine, FLORIDA: Adventist University of Health Sciences, FLORIDA: Barry University School of Graduate Medical Sciences, FLORIDA: Florida International University, FLORIDA: Nova Southeastern University-FORT LAUDERDALE/DAVIE, FLORIDA: Nova Southeastern University-FORT MYERS/NAPLES, FLORIDA: Nova Southeastern University- ORLANDO, FLORIDA: Nova Southeastern University- JACKSONVILLE, GEORGIA: Emory University School of Medicine, ILLINOIS: John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County /Malcolm X College, ILLINOIS: Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, ILLINOIS: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, INDIANA: Butler University/Clarian Health, INDIANA: Indiana University School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, IOWA: Des Moines University-Osteopathic Medical Center, LOUISIANA: Louisiana State University HSC-New Orleans, LOUISIANA: Louisiana State University HSC-Shreveport, LOUISIANA: Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady University, MARYLAND: Community College of Baltimore County, MARYLAND: University of Maryland-Eastern Shore, MASSACHUSETTS: Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, MASSACHUSETTS: MGH Institute of Health Professions, MASSACHUSETTS: Springfield College/Baystate Health System, MASSACHUSETTS: Westfield State University, MINNESOTA: The College of St. Scholastica, MISSOURI: University of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine, NEBRASKA: University of Nebraska Medical Center, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Mass. Students complete the program within 27 months of enrollment. Graduates will have training in many of these skills to prepare them for the clinical year and future careers. Meet the Coaches Contact Disclaimers/Policy Free Resources. Samford has parted ways with coach Scott Padgett, sources told ESPN. Stamford Tourism Stamford Hotels Bed and Breakfast Stamford Stamford Holiday Rentals Flights to Stamford Stamford Restaurants Stamford Attractions Stamford Travel Forum Stamford Photos Stamford Map Stamford Guide All Stamford Hotels; Stamford Hotel Deals; Last Minute Hotels in Stamford; By Hotel Type Stamford Motels ; Stamford Green Hotels; Family Hotels Stamford; Business … U okviru desetog kola engleskog Premiershipa Chelsea je na svom Stamford Bridgeu ugostio ekipu Tottenhama, a konačan rezultat utakmice je glasio 0:0. Check out the r/PAstudent subreddit once accepted and r/physicianassistant after graduation.
samford pa forum
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Jockstocks Forums > Non Sports Related > The REAL Financial World
'dick' of the year
The REAL Financial World A place to discuss investments you've made or are considering
....remembering these ARE just discussions.
yon Beast
Keep Calm Chive On
Location: Saskatchatoon
this guy is coming across as a real jerk!
drive a company under and make a fortune.
how the hell is this guy getting away with this?
http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/10/bu...down.html?_r=0
bestest site...
Why am I the only one naked at this gender reveal party?
Find all posts by yon Beast
Location: Southport, N.C.
hmmmmmmmmmmmm.....
"To pressure state and federal regulators to investigate Herbalife, an act that alone could cause its stock to dive, his team has helped organize protests, news conferences and letter-writing campaigns in California, Nevada, Connecticut, New York and Illinois, although several of the people who signed the letters to state and federal officials say they do not remember sending them, an investigation by The New York Times has found."
↑ all you need to know...the states mentioned above are the epitome of corrupt liberal states.
You may not believe in guns and you may not believe in God. ...but if someone breaks into your home I guarantee the 1st two things you'll do is call someone with a gun and pray they get there in time
A veteran is someone who, at one point in his life wrote a blank check made payable to 'The United States of America ' for an amount of 'up to and including my life.' That is Honor, and there are way too many people in this country who no longer understand it.'
I will never believe that the rats didn't steal this 2020 election. Do they think we'll put our tails between our legs?I predict......NO!
Find all posts by rich76
I finally finished reading the rest of that link beast......that guy IS a dick. What I hope happens is that they cannot come up with enough "victims" and the FTC, instead, goes after ackman . He loses the billion for his investors....and goes to jail. While in jail...they confiscate all of his belongings and possessions.......sells them off and pays off the investors (even those scumbags knew what was up). When bigshot gets out of jail, he's broke.
i thought i would look this up and see how Mr. Ackman has made out....
he is one slick cucumber.
Ackman’s Herbalife turnaround has been even more dramatic. Shares of the diet shake seller closed at $37.34 the day before Ackman stepped onto a Manhattan stage to explain why he believed Herbalife was a pyramid scheme that would collapse. In the months that followed, Herbalife’s stock would trade as high as $83.51. It seemed like Ackman was in trouble until March of 2014, when Herbalife disclosed it was under investigation by the Federal Trade Commission. Herbalife seems to have since changed its business operations in a meaningful way and Herbalife’s revenue and profit machine has started to sputter as a result. Herbalife’s stock is down by more than 50% in 2014 and was recently trading for $38.41.
not much of a win or loss....but Bill has a crystal ball methinks.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/nathanva...man-wins-2014/
honourable mention to Martin Shkreli
http://globalnews.ca/news/2406673/ce...f61e2c93988f05
Earlier this year, Shkreli sparked international outrage after he raised the cost of Daraprim from $13.50 to $750 per pill.
Mr Shkreli is running a second year in a row. He gets my vote. Prick!
https://www.yahoo.com/news/shkreli-o...3--sector.html
this guy .....smh
he's a proven douchebag.......put him away
new guy looking for a shot at the title :/
https://www.yahoo.com/news/universit...160617576.html
...according to the Supreme Court, it’s up to the university to pay for it.
SiteWolf
JSAdmin
Location: Just south of sane
another way they bastardize and repurpose First Amendment rights....
he may have the first amendment right to say it, but they'd have the right to not allow him to say it on their campus...at their expense
Find us on for updates, including site issues.
The fact that there is a highway to hell but only a stairway to heaven says a lot about anticipated traffic numbers.
So, when is this "old enough to know better" thing supposed to kick in?
Find all posts by SiteWolf
Originally Posted by SiteWolf
not true....it is a publicly funded college.
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Of White Powders and Other Benefits
What really bothers Ashok Singhal and his Vishwa Hindu Parishad? If you're wanting to answer that, you need look no further than his recent diatribe against Amartya Sen. Sen's steady calls for ending illiteracy in India, along with his Nobel prize, is a "Christian conspiracy" that is going to destroy Hinduism.
This is the bizarre thesis Singhal has chosen to foist on us. In so doing, he also tells us the truth: he really cannot stand the idea of ending illiteracy in India.
Poor Ashok Singhal. Try, won't you, to imagine how the prospect terrifies him. The more India's masses get educated, aware, the more we will start asking questions. We will ask questions about our condition; about the dirt, injustice, hunger, corruption, thirst, disease and oppression that lie everywhere. We will ask questions about Singhal's rhetoric about temples and conspiracies and spreading radioactive sand around the country: rhetoric that was deliberately designed for an essentially unquestioning audience. We will want to know exactly what this rhetoric has to do with any of the daily problems in our lives. And as we ask those questions and get no answers, we will see clearly just how empty Ashok Singhal's bag of tricks really is.
That is what bothers Singhal. The thought of facing such questions frightens him. That is why he really wants us Indians to remain largely illiterate. That is why he heaps abuse on literacy, Amartya Sen and Christianity.
So rampant is the perversity in all this that it is difficult to know where to start arguing against it. Of course, Amartya Sen needs no help from me. So let me instead discuss Christianity and illiteracy.
In a country that contains over 800 million Hindus, Singhal wants to persuade you that 20 million Christians pose a threat to Hinduism. Almost two millenia of Christianity, with all the rabid missionary fervour its zealots have exhibited in those years, has "succeeded" to the extent of bringing one in every fifty Indians to the church. Compare that to the stellar success illiteracy has had in remaining entrenched in India: after a mere 50 years of Independence, we have more illiterate Indians -- over 450 million -- than we had Indians at Independence. Today, one of every two Indians cannot read and write; according to the UNDP's Human Development Report, about one of every three adult illiterates in the world in 1993 was an Indian.
The extent to which this disgrace weakens India, to which it threatens the survival of India, is entirely opaque to Ashok Singhal -- or, more likely, he purposely chooses that opacity. If there is a danger to Hinduism, surely it is that hundreds of millions of Hindus — of Indians — live such deprived, oppressed lives. Yet Singhal cares not a whit about them.
Instead, perhaps sensing that people are tiring of his Parivar's campaign against 120 million Indian Muslims, he decides to whip up hatred against 20 million Indian Christians. It must be a strange and twisted mind that sees those 20 million as a threat to a vast, ancient religion. But Singhal, his muttering VHP cronies and their followers possess just such minds. That, again, is why they are so scared of any talk of literacy — like from Amartya Sen.
What's far worse, they deliberately blind themselves to the extent to which so many low-caste and tribal Indians themselves see converting to other religions as the only way to escape oppression and misery.
Take what a tribal leader I interviewed recently told me: "High-caste Hindus don't treat humans as humans. They will feed milk to snakes, but they will kick people. They send money to build a temple, but none for people. Just saying [the word] dharma does not make dharma. This is why some of us convert to Islam or Christianity."
Take, too, what a Pardhi tribal I met in Maharashtra's Satara district said: "We think of ourselves as Hindus. But if we can't get justice here in India, where will we get it, in Pakistan? We don't want this kind of Hinduism, where we are treated as criminals. If this goes on, we will have no choice but to convert."
When I quoted this last man in a column here some months ago, I got a flood of angry responses attacking me for "criticising" the BJP and its Parivar. None of these email-happy dudes stopped to think: what's the real problem here? That there are people who feel this way? Or that it got reported? When will Singhal and his gang understand that there are Indians who themselves decide that they want to switch religions? That they are no part of any conspiracy?
And yet, the real tragedy is that converting will change their lives so little. One reason for that is the silly pretexts for which the actual conversion often happens. In a recent Sunday Observer report, Sunil K Poolani tells of a tribal in Gujarat who was offered "a white powder" by nuns from the Church of North India. They told him it was "God's prasad" and could "cure any illness"; that and some catechism classes convinced the man to convert.
This miraculous prasad, Poolani learned, is nothing more divine than powdered Crocin (a paracetamol tablet). The motive of these oh-so-generous representatives of the Church, then, is clearly nothing more divine than more numbers added to the fold. No wonder this tribal's brother is now "seriously thinking" of reconverting: a Hindu group told him that "they would give us more benefits than what the church does." After all, it takes very little to promise "more benefits" than powdered tablets and a few classes.
This is how unbelievably mindless this whole business of converting and reconverting is. This is it: religion reduced to membership in clubs.
There's another reason conversion from one religion to another, by itself, can hardly change lives for the better. Too often, the caste prejudices converts are trying to escape simply carry over into their new religions, as terms like "Dalit Christian" hint at. The ill-treatment continues irrespective of religion: because what defines so many Indian lives is not religion, but caste.
So if Ashok Singhal is truly worried about Hinduism, he might recognise that little truth. He might try to understand that Hinduism, and India, will flourish only when we break the stranglehold caste has on us all.
Only, Singhal's various pronouncements tell us that what he truly wants is something quite different: for those at the bottom of the caste totem pole to remain there, illiterate and unquestioning. He will not even recognise the paradox in that. As long as illiteracy is widespread, there will be those who fall for devious allurements like powdered tablets; whose conversions so annoy Singhal. Fighting illiteracy and oppression is the way to prevent people converting. But instead, this man rants at literacy.
Another tribal told Sunil K Poolani: "[F]or us, religion is immaterial — what is important is that we get basic amenities." The equation is that simple. But for the strange minds of the VHP, even that must be too hard.
— Dilip D'Souza
Picture of Sunil K Poolani by Shilpika Bordoloi
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Title: African and European Addresses
Author: Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919
*** Start of this Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book "African and European Addresses" ***
AFRICAN AND EUROPEAN ADDRESSES
With an Introduction presenting a Description of the Conditions under
which the Addresses were given during Mr. Roosevelt's Journey in 1910
from Khartum through Europe to New York
by LAWRENCE F. ABBOTT
My original intention had been to return to the United States direct
from Africa, by the same route I took when going out. I altered this
intention because of receiving from the Chancellor of Oxford
University, Lord Curzon, an invitation to deliver the Romanes Lecture
at Oxford. The Romanes Foundation had always greatly interested me,
and I had been much struck by the general character of the annual
addresses, so that I was glad to accept. Immediately afterwards, I
received and accepted invitations to speak at the Sorbonne in Paris,
and at the University of Berlin. In Berlin and at Oxford, my addresses
were of a scholastic character, designed especially for the learned
bodies which I was addressing, and for men who shared their interests
in scientific and historical matters. In Paris, after consultation
with the French Ambassador, M. Jusserand, through whom the invitation
was tendered, I decided to speak more generally, as the citizen of
one republic addressing the citizens of another republic.
When, for these reasons, I had decided to stop in Europe on my way
home, it of course became necessary that I should speak to the Nobel
Prize Committee in Christiania, in acknowledgment of the Committee's
award of the peace prize, after the Peace of Portsmouth had closed the
war between Japan and Russia.
While in Africa, I became greatly interested in the work of the
Government officials and soldiers who were there upholding the cause
of civilization. These men appealed to me; in the first place, because
they reminded me so much of our own officials and soldiers who have
reflected such credit on the American name in the Philippines, in
Panama, in Cuba, in Porto Rico; and, in the next place, because I was
really touched by the way in which they turned to me, with the
certainty that I understood and believed in their work, and with the
eagerly expressed hope that when I got the chance I would tell the
people at home what they were doing and would urge that they be
supported in doing it.
In my Egyptian address, my endeavor was to hold up the hands of these
men, and at the same time to champion the cause of the missionaries,
of the native Christians, and of the advanced and enlightened
Mohammedans in Egypt. To do this it was necessary emphatically to
discourage the anti-foreign movement, led, as it is, by a band of
reckless, foolish, and sometimes murderous agitators. In other words,
I spoke with the purpose of doing good to Egypt, and with the hope of
deserving well of the Egyptian people of the future, unwilling to
pursue the easy line of moral culpability which is implied in saying
pleasant things of that noisy portion of the Egyptian people of
to-day, who, if they could have their way, would irretrievably and
utterly ruin Egypt's future. In the Guildhall address, I carried out
the same idea.
I made a number of other addresses, some of which--those, for
instance, at Budapest, Amsterdam, Copenhagen, Stockholm, and the
University of Christiania,--I would like to present here; but
unfortunately they were made without preparation, and were not taken
down in shorthand, so that with the exception of the address made at
the dinner in Christiania and the address at the Cambridge Union these
can not be included.
THEODORE ROOSEVELT.
SAGAMORE HILL,
Mr. Roosevelt as an Orator.
PEACE AND JUSTICE IN THE SUDAN
An Address at the American Mission in Khartum, March 16, 1910.
LAW AND ORDER IN EGYPT
An Address before the National University in Cairo, March 28, 1910.
CITIZENSHIP IN A REPUBLIC
An Address Delivered at the Sorbonne, Paris, April 23, 1910.
INTERNATIONAL PEACE
An Address before the Nobel Prize Committee Delivered at Christiania,
Norway, May 5, 1910.
THE COLONIAL POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES
An Address Delivered at Christiania, Norway, on the Evening of
THE WORLD MOVEMENT
An Address Delivered at the University of Berlin, May 12, 1910.
THE CONDITIONS OF SUCCESS
An Address at the Cambridge Union, May 26, 1910.
BRITISH RULE IN AFRICA
Address Delivered at the Guildhall, London, May 31, 1910.
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGIES IN HISTORY[1]
Delivered at Oxford, June 7, 1910.
[1] The text of this lecture, which is the Romanes Lecture for
1910, is included in the present volume under the courteous
permission of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Oxford.
Mr. Roosevelt as an Orator
In the tumult, on the one hand of admiration and praise and on the
other of denunciation and criticism, which Mr. Roosevelt's tour in
Africa and Europe excited throughout the civilized world, there was
one--and I am inclined to think only one--note of common agreement.
Friends and foes united in recognizing the surprising versatility of
talents and of ability which the activities of his tour displayed.
Hunters and explorers, archæologists and ethnologists, soldiers and
sailors, scientists and university doctors, statesmen and politicians,
monarchs and diplomats, essayists and historians, athletes and
horsemen, orators and occasional speakers, met him on equal terms. The
purpose of the present volume is to give to American readers, by
collecting a group of his transatlantic addresses and by relating some
incidents and effects of their delivery, some impression of one
particular phase of Mr. Roosevelt's foreign journey,--an impression of
the influence on public thought which he exerted as an orator.
No one would assert that Mr. Roosevelt possesses that persuasive grace
of oratory which made Mr. Gladstone one of the greatest public
speakers of modern times. For oratory as a fine art, he has no use
whatever; he is neither a stylist nor an elocutionist; what he has to
say he says with conviction and in the most direct and effective
phraseology that he can find through which to bring his hearers to his
way of thinking. Three passages from the Guildhall speech afford
typical illustrations of the incisiveness of his English and of its
effect on his audience.
Fortunately you have now in the Governor of East Africa, Sir Percy
Girouard, a man admirably fitted to deal wisely and firmly with
the many problems before him. He is on the ground and knows the
needs of the country and is zealously devoted to its interests.
All that is necessary is to follow his lead and to give him
cordial support and backing. The principle upon which I think it
is wise to act in dealing with far-away possessions is this:
choose your man, change him if you become discontented with him,
but while you keep him, back him up.
I have met people who had some doubt whether the Sudan would pay.
Personally, I think it probably will. But I may add that, in my
judgment, this does not alter the duty of England to stay there.
It is not worth while belonging to a big nation unless the big
nation is willing, when the necessity arises, to undertake a big
task. I feel about you in the Sudan just as I felt about us in
Panama. When we acquired the right to build the Panama Canal, and
entered on the task, there were worthy people who came to me and
said they wondered whether it would pay. I always answered that it
was one of the great world-works that had to be done; that it was
our business as a nation to do it, if we were ready to make good
our claim to be treated as a great World Power; and that as we
were unwilling to abandon the claim, no American worth his salt
ought to hesitate about performing the task. I feel just the same
way about you in the Sudan.
It was with this primary object of establishing order that you
went into Egypt twenty-eight years ago; and the chief and ample
justification for your presence in Egypt was this absolute
necessity of order being established from without, coupled with
your ability and willingness to establish it. Now, either you have
the right to be in Egypt, or you have not; either it is, or it is
not your duty to establish and keep order. If you feel that you
have not the right to be in Egypt, if you do not wish to establish
and keep order there, why then by all means get out of Egypt. If,
as I hope, you feel that your duty to civilized mankind and your
fealty to your own great traditions alike bid you to stay, then
make the fact and the name agree, and show that you are ready to
meet in very deed the responsibility which is yours.
There may be little Ciceronian grace about these passages, but there
is unmistakable verbal power. So many words of one syllable and of
Saxon derivation are used as to warrant the opinion that the speaker
possesses a distinctive style. That it is an effective style was
proved by the response of the audience, which greeted these particular
passages (although they contain by implication frank criticisms of the
British people) with cheers and cries of "Hear, hear!" It should be
remembered, too, that the audience, a distinguished one, while neither
hostile nor antipathetic, came in a distinctly critical frame of mind.
Like the man from Missouri, they were determined "to be shown" the
value of Mr. Roosevelt's personality and views before they accepted
them. That they did accept them, that the British people accepted
them, I shall endeavor to show a little later.
There are people who entertain the notion that it is characteristic of
Mr. Roosevelt to speak on the spur of the moment, trusting to the
occasion to furnish him with both his ideas and his inspiration.
Nothing could be more contrary to the facts. It is true that in his
European journey he developed a facility in extemporaneous
after-dinner speaking or occasional addresses, that was a surprise
even to his intimate friends. At such times, what he said was full of
apt allusions, witty comment (sometimes at his own expense), and
bubbling good humor. The address to the undergraduates at the
Cambridge Union, and his remarks at the supper of the Institute of
British Journalists in Stationers' Hall, are good examples of this
kind of public speaking. But his important speeches are carefully and
painstakingly prepared. It is his habit to dictate the first draft to
a stenographer. He then takes the typewritten original and works over
it, sometimes sleeps over it, and edits it with the greatest care. In
doing this, he usually calls upon his friends, or upon experts in the
subject he is dealing with, for advice and suggestion.
Of the addresses collected in this volume, three--the lectures at the
Sorbonne, at the University of Berlin, and at Oxford--were written
during the winter of 1909, before Mr. Roosevelt left the Presidency; a
fourth, the Nobel Prize speech, was composed during the hunting trip
in Africa, and the original copy, written with indelible pencil on
sheets of varying size and texture, and covered with interlineations
and corrections, bears all the marks of life in the wilderness. The
Cairo and Guildhall addresses were written and rewritten with great
care beforehand. The remaining three, "Peace and Justice in the
Sudan," "The Colonial Policy of the United States," and the speech at
the University of Cambridge were extemporaneous. The Cairo and
Guildhall speeches are on the same subject, and sprang from the same
sources, and although one was delivered at the beginning, and the
other at the close of a three months' journey, they should, in order
to be properly understood, be read as one would read two chapters of
one work.
When Mr. Roosevelt reached Egypt, he found the country in one of those
periods of political unrest and religious fanaticism which have during
the last twenty-five years given all Europe many bad quarters of an
hour. Technically a part of the Ottoman Empire and a province of the
Sultan of Turkey, Egypt is practically an English protectorate. During
the quarter of a century since the tragic death of General Gordon at
Khartum, Egypt has made astonishing progress in prosperity, in the
administration of justice, and in political stability. All Europe
recognizes this progress to be the fruit of English control and
administration. At the time of Mr. Roosevelt's visit, a faction, or
party, of native Egyptians, calling themselves Nationalists, had come
into somewhat unsavory prominence; they openly urged the expulsion of
the English, giving feverish utterance to the cry "Egypt for the
Egyptians!" In Egypt, this cry means more than a political antagonism;
it means the revival of the ancient and bitter feud between
Mohammedanism and Christianity. It is in effect a cry of "Egypt for
the Moslem!" The Nationalist party had by no means succeeded in
affecting the entire Moslem population, but it had succeeded in
attracting to itself all the adventurers, and lovers of darkness and
disorder who cultivate for their own personal gain such movements of
national unrest. The non-Moslem population, European and native, whose
ability and intelligence is indicated by the fact that, while they
form less than ten per cent. of the inhabitants, they own more than
fifty per cent. of the property, were staunch supporters of the
English control which the Nationalists wished to overthrow. The
Nationalists, however, appeared to be the only people who were not
afraid to talk openly and to take definite steps. Just before Mr.
Roosevelt's arrival, Boutros Pasha, the Prime Minister, a native
Egyptian Christian, and one of the ablest administrative officers that
Egypt has ever produced, had been brutally assassinated by a
Nationalist. The murder was discussed everywhere with many shakings of
the head, but in quiet corners, and low tones of voice. Military and
civil officers complained in private that the home government was
paying little heed to the assassination and to the spirit of disorder
which brought it about. English residents, who are commonly courageous
and outspoken in great crises, gave one the impression of speaking in
whispers in the hope that if it were ignored, the agitation might die
away instead of developing into riot and bloodshed.
Now this way of dealing with a law-breaker and political agitator is
totally foreign to Mr. Roosevelt; even his critics admit that he both
talks and fights in the open. In two speeches in Khartum, one at a
dinner given in his honor by British military and civil officers, and
one at a reception arranged by native Egyptian military men and
officials, he pointed out in vigorous language the dangers of
religious fanaticism and the kind of "Nationalism" that condones
assassination. Newspaper organs of the Nationalists attacked him for
these speeches when he arrived in Cairo. This made him all the more
determined to say the same things in Cairo when the proper opportunity
came, especially as officials, both military and civil, of high rank
and responsibility, had persistently urged him to do what he properly
could to arouse the attention of the British Government to the
Egyptian situation. The opportunity came in an invitation to address
the University of Cairo. His speech was carefully thought out and was
written with equal care; some of his friends, both Egyptian, and
English, whom he consulted, were in the uncertain frame of mind of
hoping that he would mention the assassination of Boutros, but
wondering whether he really ought to do so. Mr. Roosevelt spoke with
all his characteristic effectiveness of enunciation and gesture. He
was listened to with earnest attention and vigorous applause by a
representative audience of Egyptians and Europeans, of Moslems and
Christians. The address was delivered on the morning of March 28th; in
the afternoon the comment everywhere was, "Why haven't these things
been said in public before?" Of course the criticisms of the extreme
Nationalists were very bitter. Their newspapers, printed in Arabic,
devoted whole pages to denunciations of the speech. They protested to
the university authorities against the presentation of the honorary
degree which was conferred upon Mr. Roosevelt; they called him "a
traitor to the principles of George Washington," and "an advocate of
despotism"; an orator at a Nationalist mass meeting explained that Mr.
Roosevelt's "opposition to political liberty" was due to his Dutch
origin, "for the Dutch, as every one knows, have treated their
colonies more cruelly than any other civilized nation"; one paper
announced that the United States Senate had recorded its disapproval
of the speech by taking away Mr. Roosevelt's pension of five thousand
dollars, in amusing ignorance of the fact that Mr. Roosevelt never had
any pension of any kind whatsoever. On the other hand, government
officers of authority united with private citizens of distinction
(including missionaries, native Christians, and many progressive
Moslems) in expressing, personally and by letter, approval of the
speech as one that would have a wide influence in Egypt in supporting
the efforts of those who are working for the development of a stable,
just, and enlightened form of government. In connection with the more
widely-known Guildhall address on the same subject it unquestionably
has such an influence.
Between the delivery of the Cairo speech and that of the next fixed
address, the lecture at the Sorbonne in Paris on April 23d, there were
a number of extemporaneous and occasional addresses of which no
permanent record has been, or can be made. Some of these were
responses to speeches of welcome made by municipal officials on
railway platforms, or were replies to toasts at luncheons and dinners.
In Rome, Mayor Nathan gave a dinner in his honor in the Campidoglio,
or City Hall, which was attended by a group of about fifty men
prominent in Italian official or private life. On this occasion the
Mayor read an address of welcome in French, to which Mr. Roosevelt
made a reply touching upon the history of Italy and some of the
social problems with which the Italian people have to deal in common
with the other civilized nations of the earth. He began his reply in
French, but soon broke off, and continued in English, asking the Mayor
to translate it, sentence by sentence, into Italian for the assembled
guests, most of whom did not speak English. Both the speech itself and
the personality of the speaker made a marked impression upon his
hearers; and after his retirement from the hall in which the dinner
was held, what he said furnished almost the sole subject of animated
conversation, until the party separated. In Budapest, under the dome
of the beautiful House of Parliament, Count Apponyi, one of the great
political leaders of modern Hungary, on behalf of the Hungarian
delegates to the Inter-Parliamentary Union presented to Mr. Roosevelt
an illuminated address in which was recorded the latter's achievements
in behalf of human rights, human liberty, and international justice.
Mr. Roosevelt in his reply showed an intimate familiarity with the
Hungarian history such as, Count Apponyi afterwards said, he had never
met in any other public man outside of Hungary. Although entirely
extemporaneous, this reply may be taken as a fair exemplification of
the spirit of all his speeches during his foreign journey. Briefly, in
referring to some allusions in Count Apponyi's speech to the great
leaders of liberty in the United States and in Hungary, he asserted
that the principles for which he had endeavored to struggle during his
political career were principles older than those of George Washington
or Abraham Lincoln; older, indeed, than the principles of Kossuth, the
great Hungarian leader; they were the principles enunciated in the
Decalogue and the Golden Rule. One of the significant things about
these sermons by Mr. Roosevelt--I call them sermons because he
frequently himself uses the phrase, "I preach"--is that nobody spoke,
or apparently thought the word cant in connection with them. They were
accepted as the genuine and spontaneous expression of a man who
believes that the highest moral principles are quite compatible with
all the best social joys of life, and with dealing knockout blows when
it is necessary to fight in order to redress wrongs or to maintain
The people of Paris are perhaps as quick to detect and to laugh at
cant or moral platitudes as anybody of the modern world. And yet the
Sorbonne lecture, delivered by invitation of the officials of the
University of Paris, on April 23d, saturated as it was with moral
ideas and moral exhortation, was a complete success. The occasion
furnished an illustration of the power of moral ideas to interest and
to inspire. The streets surrounding the hall were filled with an
enormous crowd long before the hour announced for the opening of the
doors; and even ticket-holders had great difficulty in gaining
admission. The spacious amphitheatre of the Sorbonne was filled with a
representative audience, numbering probably three thousand people.
Around the hall, were statues of the great masters of French
intellectual life--Pascal, Descartes, Lavoisier, and others. On the
wall was one of the Puvis de Chavannes's most beautiful mural
paintings. The group of university officials and academicians on the
dais, from which Mr. Roosevelt spoke, lent to the occasion an
appropriate university atmosphere. The simple but perfect arrangement
of the French and American flags back of the speaker suggested its
international character.
The speech was an appeal for moral rather than for intellectual or
material greatness. It was received with marked interest and approval;
the passage ending with a reference to "cold and timid souls who know
neither victory nor defeat," was delivered with real eloquence, and
aroused a long-continued storm of applause. With characteristic
courage, Mr. Roosevelt attacked race suicide when speaking to a race
whose population is diminishing, and was loudly applauded.
Occasionally with quizzical humor he interjected an extemporaneous
sentence in French, to the great satisfaction of his audience. A
passage of peculiar interest was the statement of his creed regarding
the relation of property-rights to human rights; it was not in his
original manuscript but was written on the morning of the lecture as
the result of a discussion of the subject of vested interests with one
or two distinguished French publicists. He first pronounced this
passage in English, and then repeated it in French, enforced by
gestures which so clearly indicated his desire to have his hearers
unmistakably understand him in spite of defective pronunciation of a
foreign tongue that the manifest approval of the audience was
expressed in a curious mingling of sympathetic laughter and prolonged
and serious applause.
A fortnight after the Sorbonne address, I received from a friend, an
American military officer living in Paris who knows well its general
habit of mind, a letter from which I venture to quote here, because it
so strikingly portrays the influence that Mr. Roosevelt exerted as an
orator during his European journey:
I find that Paris is still everywhere talking of Mr. Roosevelt. It
was a thing almost without precedent that this _blasé_ city kept
up its interest in him without abatement for eight days; but that
a week after his departure should still find him the main topic of
conversation is a fact which has undoubtedly entered into Paris
history. The _Temps_ [one of the foremost daily newspapers of
Paris] has had fifty-seven thousand copies of his Sorbonne
address printed and distributed free to every schoolteacher in
France and to many other persons. The Socialist or revolutionary
groups and press had made preparations for a monster demonstration
on May first. Walls were placarded with incendiary appeals and
their press was full of calls to arms. Monsieur Briand [the Prime
Minister] flatly refused to allow the demonstration, and gave
orders accordingly to Monsieur Lépine [the Chief of Police]. For
the first time since present influences have governed France,
certainly in fifteen years, the police and the troops were
authorized to _use their arms in self-defence_. The result of this
firmness was that the leaders countermanded the demonstration, and
there can be no doubt that many lives were saved and a new point
gained in the possibility of governing Paris as a free city, yet
one where order must be preserved, votes or no votes. Now this
stiff attitude of M. Briand and the Conseil is freely attributed
in intelligent quarters to Mr. Roosevelt. French people say it is
a repercussion of his visit, of his Sorbonne lecture, and that
going away he left in the minds of these people some of that
intangible spirit of his--in other words, they felt what he would
have felt in a similar emergency, and for the first time in their
lives showed a disregard of voters when they were bent upon
mischief. It is rather an extraordinary verdict, but it has seized
the Parisian imagination, and I, for one, believe it is correct.
Some of the English newspapers, while generally approving of the
Sorbonne address, expressed the feeling that it contained some
platitudes. Of course it did; for the laws of social and moral health,
like the laws of hygiene, are platitudes. It was interesting to have a
French engineer and mathematician of distinguished achievements, who
discussed with me the character and effect of the Sorbonne address,
rather hotly denounce those who affected to regard Mr. Roosevelt's
restatement of obvious, but too often forgotten truth, as
platitudinous. "The finest and most beautiful things in life," said
this scientist, "the most abstruse scientific discoveries, are based
upon platitudes. It is a platitude to say that the whole is greater
than a part, or that the shortest distance between two points is a
straight line, and yet it is upon such platitudes that astronomy, by
aid of which we have penetrated some of the far-off mysteries of the
universe, is based. The greatest cathedrals are built of single blocks
of stone, and a single block of stone is a platitude. Tear the
architectural structure to pieces, and you have nothing left but the
single, common, platitudinous brick; but for that reason do you say
that your architectural structure is platitudinous? The effect of Mr.
Roosevelt's career and personality, which rest upon the secure
foundation of simple and obvious truths, is like that of a fine
architectural structure, and if a man can see only the single bricks
or stones of which it is composed, so much the worse for him."
Of the addresses included in this volume the next in chronological
order was that on "International Peace," officially delivered before
the Nobel Prize Committee, but actually a public oration spoken in the
National Theatre of Christiania, before an audience of two or three
thousand people. The Norwegians did everything to make the occasion a
notable one. The streets were almost impassable from the crowds of
people who assembled about the theatre, but who were unable to gain
admission. An excellent orchestra played an overture, especially
composed for the occasion by a distinguished Norwegian composer, in
which themes from the _Star-Spangled Banner_ and from Norwegian
national airs and folk-songs were ingeniously intertwined. The day was
observed as a holiday in Christiania, and the entire city was
decorated with evergreens and flags. On the evening of the same day,
the Nobel Prize Committee gave a dinner in honor of Mr. Roosevelt
which was attended by two or three hundred guests,--both men and
women. General Bratlie, at one time Norwegian Minister of War, made an
address of welcome, reviewing with appreciation Mr. Roosevelt's
qualities both as a man of war and as a man of peace. The address in
this volume, entitled, "Colonial Policy of the United States" was Mr.
Roosevelt's reply to General Bratlie's personal tribute. It was wholly
extemporaneous, but was taken down stenographically; and it adds to
its interest to note the fact that on the evening of its delivery it
was the first public utterance on any question of American politics
which Mr. Roosevelt had made since he left America a year previous.
The Nobel Prize speech and this address taken together form a pretty
complete exposition of what may perhaps be called, for want of a
better term, Mr. Roosevelt's "peace with action" doctrine.
"The World Movement," the address at the University of Berlin, was the
first of two distinctively academic, or scholastic utterances, the
other, of course, being the Romanes lecture. The Sorbonne speech was
almost purely sociological and ethical. There are, to be sure, social
and moral applications made of the theories laid down at Berlin and at
Oxford; but these two university addresses are distinctly for a
university audience. My own judgment is that the Sorbonne and
Guildhall addresses were more effective in their human interest and
their immediate political influence. But at both Berlin and Oxford,
Mr. Roosevelt showed that he could deal with scholarly subjects in a
scholarly fashion. It may be that he desired on these two occasions to
give some indication that, although universally regarded as a man of
action, he is entitled also to be considered as a man of thought. The
lecture at the University of Berlin was a brilliant and picturesque
academic celebration in which doctors' gowns, military uniforms, and
the somewhat bizarre dress of the representatives of the undergraduate
student corps, mingled in kaleidoscopic effect. One interesting
feature of the ceremony was the singing by a finely trained student
chorus without instrumental accompaniment, of _Hail Columbia_ and _The
Star-Spangled Banner_, harmonized as only the Germans can harmonize
choral music. The Emperor and the Empress, with several members of the
Imperial family, attended the lecture. Those who sat near the Emperor
could see that he followed the address with genuine interest, nodding
his head, or smiling now and then with approval at some incisively
expressed idea, or some phrase of interjected humor, or a
characteristic gesture on the part of the speaker. In one respect the
lecture was a _tour de force_. On account of a sharp attack of
bronchitis, from which he was then recovering, it was not decided by
the physicians in charge until the morning of the lecture that Mr.
Roosevelt could use his voice for one hour in safety. Arrangements had
been made to have some one else read the lecture if at the last moment
it should be necessary; and the fact that Mr. Roosevelt was able to
do it himself effectively under these circumstances indicates that he
has some of the physical as well as the intellectual attributes of the
practised orator.
Mr. Roosevelt's first public speech in England was made at the
University of Cambridge on May 26th when he received the honorary
degree of LL.D. His address on this occasion was not, like the Romanes
lecture at Oxford, a part of the academic ceremony connected with the
conferring of the honorary degree. It was spoken to an audience of
undergraduates when, after the academic exercises in the Senate House,
he was elected to honorary membership in the Union Society, the
well-known Cambridge debating club which has trained some of the best
public speakers of England. At Oxford the doctors and dignitaries
cracked the jokes--in Latin--while the undergraduates were highly
decorous. At Cambridge, on the other hand, the students indulged in
the traditional pranks which often lend a color of gaiety to
University ceremonies at both Oxford and Cambridge. Mr. Roosevelt
entered heartily into the spirit of the undergraduates, and it was
evident that they, quite as heartily, liked his understanding of the
fact that the best university and college life consists in a judicious
mixture of the grave and the gay. The honor which these undergraduates
paid to their guest was seriously intended, was admirably planned,
and its genuineness was all the more apparent because it had a note of
pleasantry. Mr. Roosevelt spoke as a university student to university
students and what he said, although brief, extemporaneous, and even
unpremeditated, deserves to be included with his more important
addresses, because it affords an excellent example of his
characteristic habit of making an occasion of social gaiety also an
occasion of expressing his belief in the fundamental moral principles
of social and political life. The speech was frequently interrupted by
the laughter and applause of the audience, and the theory which Mr.
Roosevelt propounded, that any man in any walk of life may achieve
genuine success simply by developing ordinary qualities to a more than
ordinary degree, was widely quoted and discussed by the press of Great
Britain.
Next in chronological order comes the Guildhall speech. In the
picturesqueness of its setting, in the occasion which gave rise to it,
in the extraordinary effect it had upon public opinion in Great
Britain, the continent of Europe, and America, and in the courage
which it evinced on the part of the speaker, it is in my judgment the
most striking of all Mr. Roosevelt's foreign addresses.
The occasion was a brilliant and notable one. The ancient and splendid
Guildhall--one of the most perfect Gothic interiors in England, which
has historical associations of more than five centuries--was filled
with a representative gathering of English men and women. On the dais,
or stage, at one end of the hall, sat the Lord Mayor and the Lady
Mayoress, and the special guests of the occasion were conducted by
ushers, in robes and carrying maces, down a long aisle flanked with
spectators on either side and up the steps of the dais, where they
were presented. Their names were called out at the beginning of the
aisle, and as the ushers and the guest moved along, the audience
applauded, little or much, according to the popularity of the
newcomer. Thus John Burns and Mr. Balfour were greeted with
enthusiastic hand-clapping and cheers, although they belong, of
course, to opposite parties. The Bishop of London, Lord Cromer, the
maker of modern Egypt, Sargent, the painter, and Sir Edward Grey, the
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, were among those greeted in
this way. In the front row on one side of the dais were seated the
aldermen of the city in their red robes, and various officials in wigs
and gowns lent to the scene a curiously antique aspect to the American
eye. Happily, the City of London has carefully preserved the
historical traditions connected with it and with the Guilds, or groups
of merchants, which in the past had so much to do with the management
of its affairs. Among the invited guests, for example, were the
Master of the Mercers' Company, the Master of the Grocers' Company,
the Master of the Drapers' Company, the Master of the Skinners'
Company, the Master of the Haberdashers' Company, the Master of the
Salters' Company, the Master of the Ironmongers' Company, the Master
of the Vintners' Company, and the Master of the Clothworkers' Company.
These various trades, of course, are no longer carried on by Guilds,
but by private firms or corporations, and yet the Guild organization
is still maintained as a sort of social or semi-social recognition of
the days when the Guildhall was not merely a great assembly-room, but
the place in which the Guilds actually managed the affairs of their
city. It was in such a place and amid such surroundings that Mr.
Roosevelt was formally nominated and elected a Freeman of the ancient
City of London.
Mr. Roosevelt's speech was far from being extemporaneous; it had been
carefully thought out beforehand, and was based upon his experiences
during the previous March, in Egypt; it was really the desire of
influential Englishmen in Africa to have him say something about
Egyptian affairs that led him to make a speech at all. He had had
ample time to think, and he had thought a good deal, yet it was
plainly to be seen that the frankness of his utterance, his
characteristic attitude and gestures, and the pungent quality of his
oratory at first startled his audience, accustomed to more
conventional methods of public speaking. But he soon captured and
carried his hearers with him, as is indicated by the exclamations of
approval on the part of the audience which were incorporated in the
verbatim report of the speech in the London _Times_. It is no
exaggeration to say that his speech became the talk of England--in
clubs, in private homes, and in the newspapers. Of course there was
some criticism, but, on the whole, it was received with commendation.
The extreme wing of the Liberal party, whom we should call
Anti-Imperialists, but who are in Great Britain colloquially spoken of
as "Little Englanders," took exception to it, but even their
disapproval, save in a few instances of bitter personal attack, was
mild. The London _Chronicle_, which is perhaps the most influential of
the morning newspapers representing the Anti-Imperialist view, was of
the opinion that the speech was hardly necessary, because it asserted
that the Government and the British nation have long been of Mr.
Roosevelt's own opinion. The _Westminster Gazette_, the leading
evening Liberal paper, also asserted that "none of the broad
considerations advanced by Mr. Roosevelt have been absent from the
minds of Ministers, and of Sir Edward Grey in particular. We regret
that Mr. Roosevelt should have thought it necessary to speak out
yesterday, not on the narrow ground of etiquette or precedent, but
because we cannot bring ourselves to believe that his words are
calculated to make it any easier to deal with an exceedingly difficult
problem."
The views of these two newspapers fairly express the rather mild
opposition excited by the speech among those who regard British
control in Egypt as a question of partisan politics. On the other
hand, the best and most influential public opinion, while recognizing
the unconventionality of Mr. Roosevelt's course, heartily approved of
both the matter and the manner of the speech. The London _Times_ said:
"Mr. Roosevelt has reminded us in the most friendly way of what we are
at least in danger of forgetting, and no impatience of outside
criticism ought to be allowed to divert us from considering the
substantial truth of his words. His own conduct of great affairs and
the salutary influence of his policy upon American public life ... at
least give him a right, which all international critics do not
possess, to utter a useful, even if not wholly palatable, warning."
The _Daily Telegraph_, after referring to Mr. Roosevelt as "a
practical statesman who combines with all his serious force a famous
sense of humor," expressed the opinion that his "candor is a tonic,
which not only makes plain our immediate duty but helps us to do it.
In Egypt, as in India, there is no doubt as to the alternative he has
stated so vigorously: we must govern or go; and we have no intention
of going." The _Pall Mall Gazette's_ opinion was that Mr. Roosevelt
"delivered a great and memorable speech--a speech that will be read
and pondered over throughout the world."
The London _Spectator_, which is one of the ablest and most thoughtful
journals published in the English language, and which reflects the
most intelligent, broad-minded, and influential public opinion in the
British Empire, devoted a large amount of space to a consideration of
the speech. The _Spectator's_ position in English journalism is such
that I make no apology for a somewhat long quotation from its comment:
Perhaps the chief event of the week has been Mr. Roosevelt's
speech at the Guildhall. Timid, fussy, and pedantic people have
charged Mr. Roosevelt with all sorts of crimes because he had the
courage to speak out, and have even accused him of unfriendliness
to this country because of his criticisms. Happily the British
people as a whole are not so foolish. Instinctively they have
recognized and thoroughly appreciated the good feeling of Mr.
Roosevelt's speech. Only true friends speak as he spoke.... The
barrel-organs, of course, grind out the old tune about Mr.
Roosevelt's tactlessness. In reality he is a very tactful as well
as a very shrewd man. It is surely the height of tactfulness to
recognize that the British people are sane enough and sincere
enough to like being told the truth. His speech is one of the
greatest compliments ever paid to a people by a statesman of
another country.... Mr. Roosevelt has made exactly the kind of
speech we expected him to make--a speech strong, clear, fearless.
He has told us something useful and practical, and has not lost
himself in abstractions and platitudes.... The business of a
trustee is not to do what the subject of the trust likes or thinks
he likes, but to do, however much he may grumble, what is in his
truest and best interests. Unless a trustee is willing to do that,
and does not trouble about abuse, ingratitude, and accusations of
selfishness, he had better give up his trust altogether.... We
thank Mr. Roosevelt once again for giving us so useful a reminder
of our duty in this respect.
These notes of approval were repeated in a great number of letters
which Mr. Roosevelt received from men and women in all walks of life,
men in distinguished official position and "men in the street." There
were some abusive letters, chiefly anonymous, but the general tone of
this correspondence is fairly illustrated by the following:
Allow me, an old colonist in his eighty-fourth year, to thank you
most heartily for your manly address at the Guildhall and for your
life-work in the cause of humanity. If I ever come to the great
Republic, I shall do myself the honor of seeking an audience of
your Excellency. I may do so on my one hundredth birthday! With
best wishes and profound respect.
The envelope of this letter was addressed to "His Excellency
'Govern-or-go' Roosevelt." That the _Daily Telegraph_ and that the
"man in the street" should independently seize upon this salient point
of the address--the "govern-or-go" theory--is significant.
American readers are sufficiently familiar with Mr. Roosevelt's
principles regarding protectorate or colonial government; any
elaborate explanation or exposition of his views is unnecessary. But
it may be well to repeat that he has over and over again said that all
subject peoples, whether in colonies, protectorates, or insular
possessions like the Philippines and Porto Rico, should be governed
for their own benefit and development and should never be exploited
for the mere profit of the controlling powers. It may be well, too, to
add Mr. Roosevelt's own explanation of his criticism of
sentimentality. "Weakness, timidity, and sentimentality," he said in
the Guildhall address, "many cause even more far-reaching harm than
violence and injustice. Of all broken reeds sentimentality is the most
broken reed on which righteousness can lean." Referring to these
phrases, a correspondent a day or two after the speech asked
if the word "sentiment" might not be substituted for the word
"sentimentality." Mr. Roosevelt wrote the following letter in reply:
DEAR SIR: I regard sentiment as the exact antithesis of
sentimentality, and to substitute "sentiment" for "sentimentality"
in my speech would directly invert its meaning. I abhor
sentimentality, and, on the other hand, I think no man is worth
his salt who is not profoundly influenced by sentiment, and who
does not shape his life in accordance with a high ideal.
Faithfully yours,
The Romanes lecture at Oxford University was the last of Mr.
Roosevelt's transatlantic speeches. I can think of no greater
intellectual honor that an English-speaking man can receive than to
have conferred upon him by the queen of all universities, the highest
honorary degree in her power to give, and in addition, to be invited
to address the dignitaries and dons and doctors of that university as
a scholar speaking to scholars. There is no American university man
who may not feel entirely satisfied with the way in which the American
university graduate stood the Oxford test on that occasion. He took in
good part the jokes and pleasantries pronounced in Latin by the
Chancellor, Lord Curzon; but after the ceremonies of initiation were
finished, after the beadles had, in response to the order of the
Chancellor, conducted "_Doctorem Honorabilem ad Pulpitum_," and after
the Chancellor had, this time in very direct and beautiful English,
welcomed him to membership in the University, he delivered an address,
the serious scholarship of which held the attention of those who heard
it and arrested the attention of many thousands of others who received
the lecture through the printed page.
The foregoing review of the chief public addresses which Mr. Roosevelt
made during his foreign journey, I think justifies the assertion that,
for variety of subject, variety of occasion, and variety of the fields
of thought and action upon which his speeches had a direct and
manifest influence, he is entitled to be regarded as a public orator
of remarkable distinction and power.
By way of explanation it may perhaps be permissible to add that I met
Mr. Roosevelt in Khartum on March 14, 1910, and travelled with him
through the Sudan, Egypt, the continent of Europe and England, to New
York; I heard all his important speeches, and most of the occasional
addresses; much of the voluminous correspondence which the speeches
gave rise to passed through my hands; and I talked with many men, both
in public and private life, in the various countries through which
the journey was taken about the addresses themselves and their effect
upon world-politics. If there is a failure in these pages to give an
intelligent or an adequate impression of the oratorial features of Mr.
Roosevelt's African and European journey, it is not because there was
any lack of opportunity to observe or learn the facts.
LAWRENCE F. ABBOTT.
An Address at the American Mission[2] in Khartum, March 16, 1910
[2] The American Mission at Khartum is under the auspices of the
United Presbyterian Church of America. The Rev. Dr. John Giffen
introduced Mr. Roosevelt to the assembly.--L.F.A.
I have long wished to visit the Sudan. I doubt whether in any other
region of the earth there is to be seen a more striking instance of
the progress, the genuine progress, made by the substitution of
civilization for savagery than what we have seen in the Sudan for the
past twelve years. I feel that you here owe a peculiar duty to the
Government under which you live--a peculiar duty in the direction of
doing your full worth to make the present conditions perpetual. It is
incumbent on every decent citizen of the Sudan to uphold the present
order of things; to see that there is no relapse; to see that the
reign of peace and justice continues. But you here have that duty
resting upon you to a peculiar degree, and your best efforts must be
given in all honor, and as a matter, not merely of obligation, but as
a matter of pride on your part, towards the perpetuation of the
condition of things that has made this progress possible, of the
Government as it now stands--as you represent it, Slatin Pasha.[3]
[3] One of the most distinguished officers of the Anglo-Egyptian
Army whose well-known book, _Fire and Sword in the Sudan_, gives a
graphic picture of the conditions England has had to deal with in
the Sudan.--L.F.A.
I am exceedingly pleased to see here officers of the army, and you
have, of course, your oath. You are bound by every tie of loyalty,
military and civil, to work to the end I have named. But, after all,
you are not bound any more than are you, you civilians. And, another
thing, do not think for a moment that when I say that you are bound to
uphold the Government I mean that you are bound to try to get an
office under it. On the contrary, I trust, Dr. Giffen, that the work
done here by you, done by the different educational institutions with
which you are connected or with which you are affiliated, will always
be done, bearing in mind the fact that the most useful citizen to the
Government may be a man who under no consideration would hold any
position connected with the Government. I do not want to see any
missionary college carry on its educational scheme primarily with a
view of turning out Government officials. On the contrary, I want to
see the average graduate prepared to do his work in some capacity in
civil life, without any regard to any aid whatever received from or
any salary drawn from the Government. If a man is a good engineer, a
good mechanic, a good agriculturist, if he is trained so that he
becomes a really good merchant, he is, in his place, the best type of
citizen. It is a misfortune in any country, American, European, or
African, to have the idea grow that the average educated man must find
his career only in the Government service. I hope to see good and
valuable servants of the Government in the military branch and in the
civil branch turned out by this and similar educational institutions;
but, if the conditions are healthy, those Government servants, civil
or military, will never be more than a small fraction of the
graduates, and the prime end and prime object of an educational
institution should be to turn out men who will be able to shift for
themselves, to help themselves, and to help others, fully independent
of all matters connected with the Government. I feel very strongly on
this subject, and I feel it just as strongly in America as I do here.
Another thing, gentlemen, and now I want to speak to you for a moment
from the religious standpoint, to speak to you in connection with the
work of this mission. I wish I could make every member of a Christian
church feel that just in so far as he spends his time in quarrelling
with other Christians of other churches he is helping to discredit
Christianity in the eyes of the world. Avoid as you would the plague
those who seek to embroil you in conflict, one Christian sect with
another. Not only does what I am about to say apply to the behavior of
Christians towards one another, but of all Christians towards their
non-Christian brethren, towards their fellow-citizens of another
creed. You can do most for the colleges from which you come, you can
do most for the creed which you profess, by doing your work in the
position to which you have been called in a way that brings the
respect of your fellow-men to you, and therefore to those for whom you
stand. Let it be a matter of pride with the Christian in the army
that in the time of danger no man is nearer that danger than he is.
Let it be a matter of pride to the officer whose duty it is to fight
that no man, when the country calls on him to fight, fights better
than he does. That is how you can do more for Christianity, for the
name of Christians, you who are in the army. Let the man in a civil
governmental position so bear himself that it shall be acceptable as
axiomatic that when you have a Christian, a graduate of a missionary
school, in a public office, the efficiency and honesty of that office
are guaranteed. That is the kind of Christianity that counts in a
public official, that counts in the military official--the
Christianity that makes him do his duty in war, or makes him do his
duty in peace. And you--who I hope will be the great majority--who are
not in Government service, can conduct yourselves so that your
neighbors shall have every respect for your courage, your honesty,
your good faith, shall have implicit trust that you will deal
religiously with your brother as man to man, whether it be in business
or whether it be in connection with your relations to the community as
a whole. The kind of graduate of a Christian school really worth
calling a Christian is the man who shows his creed practically by the
way he behaves towards his wife and towards his children, towards his
neighbor, towards those with whom he deals in the business world, and
towards the city and Government. In no way can he do as much for the
institution that trains him, in no way can he do as much to bring
respect and regard to the creed that he professes. And, remember, you
need more than one quality. I have spoken of courage; it is, of
course, the first virtue of the soldier, but every one of you who is
worth his salt must have it in him too. Do not forget that the good
man who is afraid is only a handicap to his fellows who are striving
for what is best. I want to see each Christian cultivate the manly
virtues; each to be able to hold his own in the country, but in a
broil not thrusting himself forward. Avoid quarrelling wherever you
can. Make it evident that the other man wants to avoid quarrelling
with you too.
One closing word. Do not make the mistake, those of you who are young
men, of thinking that when you get out of school or college your
education stops. On the contrary, it is only about half begun. Now, I
am fifty years old, and if I had stopped learning, if I felt now that
I had stopped learning, had stopped trying to better myself, I feel
that my usefulness to the community would be pretty nearly at an end.
And I want each of you, as he leaves college, not to feel, "Now I have
had my education, I can afford to vegetate." I want you to feel, "I
have been given a great opportunity of laying deep the foundations for
a ripe education, and while going on with my work I am going to keep
training myself, educating myself, so that year by year, decade by
decade, instead of standing still I shall go forward, and grow
constantly fitter, and do good work and better work."
I visited, many years ago, the college at Beirut. I have known at
first hand what excellent work was being done there. Unfortunately,
owing to my very limited time, it is not going to be possible for me
to stop at the college at Assiut, which has done such admirable work
in Egypt and here in the Sudan, whose graduates I meet in all kinds of
occupations wherever I stop. I am proud, as an American, Dr. Giffen,
of what has been done by men like you, like Mr. Young, like the other
Americans who have been here, and, I want to say still further, by the
women who have come with them. I always thought that the American was
a pretty good fellow. I think his wife is still better, and, great
though my respect for the man from America has been, my respect for
the woman has been greater.
I stopped a few days ago at the little mission at the Sobat. One of
the things that struck me there was what was being accomplished by the
medical side of that mission. From one hundred and twenty-five miles
around there were patients who had come in to be attended to by the
doctors in the mission. There were about thirty patients who were
under the charge of the surgeon, the doctor, at that mission. I do not
know a better type of missionary than the doctor who comes out here
and does his work well and gives his whole heart to it. He is doing
practical work of the most valuable type for civilization, and for
bringing the people of the country up to a realization of the
standards that you are trying to set. If you make it evident to a man
that you are sincerely concerned in bettering his body, he will be
much more ready to believe that you are trying to better his soul.
Now, gentlemen, it has been a great pleasure to see you. When I get
back to the United States, this meeting is one of the things I shall
have to tell to my people at home, so that I may give them an idea of
what is being done in this country. I wish you well with all my heart,
and I thank you for having received me to-day.
An Address before the National University in Cairo, March 28, 1910
It is to me a peculiar pleasure to speak to-day under such
distinguished auspices as yours, Prince Fouad,[4] before this National
University, and it is of good augury for the great cause of higher
education in Egypt that it should have enlisted the special interest
of so distinguished and eminent a man. The Arabic-speaking world
produced the great University of Cordova, which flourished a thousand
years ago, and was a source of light and learning when the rest of
Europe was either in twilight or darkness; in the centuries following
the creation of that Spanish Moslem university, Arabic men of science,
travellers, and geographers--such as the noteworthy African traveller
Ibn Batutu, a copy of whose book, by the way, I saw yesterday in the
library of the Alhazar[5]--were teachers whose works are still to be
eagerly studied; and I trust that here we shall see the revival, and
more than the revival, of the conditions that made possible such
contributions to the growth of civilization.
[4] Prince Fouad is the uncle of the Khedive, a Mohammedan
gentleman of education and enlightened views.--L.F.A.
[5] The great Moslem University of Cairo, in which 9000 students
study chiefly the Koran in mediæval fashion.--L.F.A.
This scheme of a National University is fraught with literally untold
possibilities for good to your country. You have many rocks ahead of
which you must steer clear; and because I am your earnest friend and
well-wisher, I desire to point out one or two of these which it is
necessary especially to avoid. In the first place, there is one point
upon which I always lay stress in my own country, in your country, in
all countries--the need of entire honesty as the only foundation on
which it is safe to build. It is a prime essential that all who are in
any way responsible for the beginnings of the University shall make it
evident to every one that the management of the University, financial
and otherwise, will be conducted with absolute honesty. Very much
money will have to be raised and expended for this University in order
to make it what it can and ought to be made; for, if properly managed,
I firmly believe that it will become one of the greatest influences,
and perhaps the very greatest influence, for good in all that part of
the world where Mohammedanism is the leading religion; that is, in all
those regions of the Orient, including North Africa and Southwestern
Asia, which stretch from the Atlantic Ocean to the farther confines of
India and to the hither provinces of China. This University should
have a profound influence in all things educational, social, economic,
industrial, throughout this whole region, because of the very fact of
Egypt's immense strategic importance, so to speak, in the world of the
Orient; an importance due partly to her geographical position, partly
to other causes. Moreover, it is most fortunate that Egypt's present
position is such that this University will enjoy a freedom hitherto
unparalleled in the investigation and testing out of all problems
vital to the future of the peoples of the Orient.
Nor will the importance of this University be confined to the Orient.
Egypt must necessarily from now on always occupy a similar strategic
position as regards the peoples of the Occident, for she sits on one
of the highways of the commerce that will flow in ever-increasing
volume from Europe to the East. Those responsible for the management
of this University should set before themselves a very high ideal. Not
merely should it stand for the uplifting of all Mohammedan peoples and
of all Christians and peoples of other religions who live in
Mohammedan lands, but it should also carry its teaching and practice
to such perfection as in the end to make it a factor in instructing
the Occident. When a scholar is sufficiently apt, sufficiently sincere
and intelligent, he always has before him the opportunity of
eventually himself giving aid to the teachers from whom he has
received aid.
Now, to make a good beginning towards the definite achievement of
these high ends, it is essential that you should command respect and
should be absolutely trusted. Make it felt that you will not tolerate
the least little particle of financial crookedness in the raising or
expenditure of any money, so that those who wish to give money to this
deserving cause may feel entire confidence that their piasters will be
well and honestly applied.
In the next place, show the same good faith, wisdom, and sincerity in
your educational plans that you do in the financial management of the
institution. Avoid sham and hollow pretence just as you avoid
religious, racial, or political bigotry. You have much to learn from
the universities of Europe and of my own land, but there is also in
them not a little which it is well to avoid. Copy what is good in
them, but test in a critical spirit whatever you take, so as to be
sure that you take only what is wisest and best for yourselves. More
important even than avoiding any mere educational shortcoming is the
avoidance of moral shortcoming. Students are already being sent to
Europe to prepare themselves to return as professors. Such preparation
is now essential, for it is of prime importance that the University
should be familiar with what is being done in the best universities of
Europe and America. But let the men who are sent be careful to bring
back what is fine and good, what is essential to the highest kind of
modern progress, and let them avoid what are the mere non-essentials
of the present-day civilization, and, above all, the vices of modern
civilized nations. Let these men keep open minds. It would be a
capital blunder to refuse to copy, and thereafter to adapt to your own
needs, what has raised the Occident in the scale of power and justice
and clean living. But it would be a no less capital blunder to copy
what is cheap or trivial or vicious, or even what is merely
wrongheaded. Let the men who go to Europe feel that they have much to
learn and much also to avoid and reject; let them bring back the good
and leave behind the discarded evil.
Remember that character is far more important than intellect, and that
a really great university should strive to develop the qualities that
go to make up character even more than the qualities that go to make
up a highly trained mind. No man can reach the front rank if he is not
intelligent and if he is not trained with intelligence; but mere
intelligence by itself is worse than useless unless it is guided
by an upright heart, unless there are also strength and courage
behind it. Morality, decency, clean living, courage, manliness,
self-respect--these qualities are more important in the make-up of a
people than any mental subtlety. Shape this University's course so
that it shall help in the production of a constantly upward trend for
all your people.
You should be always on your guard against one defect in Western
education. There has been altogether too great a tendency in the
higher schools of learning in the West to train men merely for
literary, professional, and official positions; altogether too great a
tendency to act as if a literary education were the only real
education. I am exceedingly glad that you have already started
industrial and agricultural schools in Egypt. A literary education is
simply one of many different kinds of education, and it is not wise
that more than a small percentage of the people of any country should
have an exclusively literary education. The average man must either
supplement it by another education, or else as soon as he has left an
institution of learning, even though he has benefited by it, he must
at once begin to train himself to do work along totally different
lines. His Highness the Khedive, in the midst of his activities
touching many phases of Egyptian life, has shown conspicuous wisdom,
great foresight, and keen understanding of the needs of the country in
the way in which he has devoted himself to its agricultural
betterment, in the interest which he has taken in the improvement of
cattle, crops, etc. You need in this country, as is the case in every
other country, a certain number of men whose education shall fit them
for the life of scholarship, or to become teachers or public
officials. But it is a very unhealthy thing for any country for more
than a small proportion of the strongest and best minds of the country
to turn into such channels. It is essential also to develop
industrialism, to train people so that they can be cultivators of the
soil in the largest sense on as successful a scale as the most
successful lawyer or public man, to train them so that they shall be
engineers, merchants--in short, men able to take the lead in all the
various functions indispensable in a great modern civilized state. An
honest, courageous, and far-sighted politician is a good thing in any
country. But his usefulness will depend chiefly upon his being able to
express the wishes of a population wherein the politician forms but a
fragment of the leadership, where the business man and the landowner,
the engineer and the man of technical knowledge, the men of a hundred
different pursuits, represent the average type of leadership. No
people has ever permanently amounted to anything if its only public
leaders were clerks, politicians, and lawyers. The base, the
foundation, of healthy life in any country, in any society, is
necessarily composed of the men who do the actual productive work of
the country, whether in tilling the soil, in the handicrafts, or in
business; and it matters little whether they work with hands or head,
although more and more we are growing to realize that it is a good
thing to have the same man work with both head and hands. These men,
in many different careers, do the work which is most important to the
community's life; although, of course, it must be supplemented by the
work of the other men whose education and activities are literary and
scholastic, of the men who work in politics or law, or in literary and
clerical positions.
Never forget that in any country the most important activities are the
activities of the man who works with head or hands in the ordinary
life of the community, whether he be handicraftsman, farmer, or
business man--no matter what his occupation, so long as it is useful
and no matter what his position, from the guiding intelligence at the
top down all the way through, just as long as his work is good. I
preach this to you here by the banks of the Nile, and it is the
identical doctrine I preach no less earnestly by the banks of the
Hudson, the Mississippi, and the Columbia.
Remember always that the securing of a substantial education, whether
by the individual or by a people, is attained only by a process, not
by an act. You can no more make a man really educated by giving him a
certain curriculum of studies than you can make a people fit for
self-government by giving it a paper constitution. The training of an
individual so as to fit him to do good work in the world is a matter
of years; just as the training of a nation to fit it successfully to
fulfil the duties of self-government is a matter, not of a decade or
two, but of generations. There are foolish empiricists who believe
that the granting of a paper constitution, prefaced by some
high-sounding declaration, of itself confers the power of
self-government upon a people. This is never so. Nobody can "give" a
people "self-government," any more than it is possible to "give" an
individual "self-help." You know that the Arab proverb runs, "God
helps those who help themselves." In the long run, the only permanent
way by which an individual can be helped is to help him to help
himself, and this is one of the things your University should
inculcate. But it must be his own slow growth in character that is
the final and determining factor in the problem. So it is with a
people. In the two Americas we have seen certain commonwealths rise
and prosper greatly. We have also seen other commonwealths start under
identically the same conditions, with the same freedom and the same
rights, the same guarantees, and yet have seen them fail miserably and
lamentably, and sink into corruption and anarchy and tyranny, simply
because the people for whom the constitution was made did not develop
the qualities which alone would enable them to take advantage of it.
With any people the essential quality to show is, not haste in
grasping after a power which it is only too easy to misuse, but a
slow, steady, resolute development of those substantial qualities,
such as the love of justice, the love of fair play, the spirit of
self-reliance, of moderation, which alone enable a people to govern
themselves. In this long and even tedious but absolutely essential
process, I believe your University will take an important part. When I
was recently in the Sudan I heard a vernacular proverb, based on a
text in the Koran, which is so apt that, although not an Arabic
scholar, I shall attempt to repeat it in Arabic: "_Allah ma el
saberin, izza sabaru_"--God is with the patient, _if they know how to
wait_.[6]
[6] This bit of Arabic, admirably pronounced by Mr. Roosevelt,
surprised and pleased the audience as much as his acquaintance
with the life and works of Ibn Batutu surprised and pleased the
sheiks at the Moslem University two days before. Both Mr.
Roosevelt's use of the Arabic tongue and his application of the
proverb were greeted with prolonged applause.--L.F.A.
One essential feature of this process must be a spirit which will
condemn every form of lawless evil, every form of envy and hatred,
and, above all, hatred based upon religion or race. All good men, all
the men of every nation whose respect is worth having, have been
inexpressibly shocked by the recent assassination of Boutros Pasha. It
was an even greater calamity for Egypt than it was a wrong to the
individual himself. The type of man which turns out an assassin is a
type possessing all the qualities most alien to good citizenship; the
type which produces poor soldiers in time of war and worse citizens in
time of peace. Such a man stands on a pinnacle of evil infamy; and
those who apologize for or condone his act, those who, by word or
deed, directly or indirectly, encourage such an act in advance, or
defend it afterwards, occupy the same bad eminence. It is of no
consequence whether the assassin be a Moslem or a Christian or a man
of no creed; whether the crime be committed in political strife or
industrial warfare; whether it be an act hired by a rich man or
performed by a poor man; whether it be committed under the pretence of
preserving order or the pretence of obtaining liberty. It is equally
abhorrent in the eyes of all decent men, and, in the long run, equally
damaging to the very cause to which the assassin professes to be
Your University is a National University, and as such knows no creed.
This is as it should be. When I speak of equality between Moslem and
Christian, I speak as one who believes that where the Christian is
more powerful he should be scrupulous in doing justice to the Moslem,
exactly as under reverse conditions justice should be done by the
Moslem to the Christian. In my own country we have in the Philippines
Moslems as well as Christians. We do not tolerate for one moment any
oppression by the one or by the other, any discrimination by the
Government between them or failure to mete out the same justice to
each, treating each man on his worth as a man, and behaving towards
him as his conduct demands and deserves.
In short, gentlemen, I earnestly hope that all responsible for the
beginnings of the University, which I trust will become one of the
greatest and most powerful educational influences throughout the whole
world, will feel it incumbent upon themselves to frown on every form
of wrong-doing, whether in the shape of injustice or corruption or
lawlessness, and to stand with firmness, with good sense, and with
courage, for those immutable principles of justice and merciful
dealing as between man and man, without which there can never be the
slightest growth towards a really fine and high civilization.
An Address Delivered at the Sorbonne, Paris, April 23, 1910
Strange and impressive associations rise in the mind of a man from the
New World who speaks before this august body in this ancient
institution of learning. Before his eyes pass the shadows of mighty
kings and warlike nobles, of great masters of law and theology;
through the shining dust of the dead centuries he sees crowded figures
that tell of the power and learning and splendor of times gone by; and
he sees also the innumerable host of humble students to whom clerkship
meant emancipation, to whom it was well-nigh the only outlet from the
dark thraldom of the Middle Ages.
This was the most famous university of mediæval Europe at a time when
no one dreamed that there was a New World to discover. Its services to
the cause of human knowledge already stretched far back into the
remote past at the time when my forefathers, three centuries ago,
were among the sparse bands of traders, plowmen, woodchoppers, and
fisherfolk who, in hard struggle with the iron unfriendliness of the
Indian-haunted land, were laying the foundations of what has now
become the giant republic of the West. To conquer a continent, to tame
the shaggy roughness of wild nature, means grim warfare; and the
generations engaged in it cannot keep, still less add to, the stores
of garnered wisdom which once were theirs, and which are still in the
hands of their brethren who dwell in the old land. To conquer the
wilderness means to wrest victory from the same hostile forces with
which mankind struggled in the immemorial infancy of our race. The
primeval conditions must be met by primeval qualities which are
incompatible with the retention of much that has been painfully
acquired by humanity as through the ages it has striven upward toward
civilization. In conditions so primitive there can be but a primitive
culture. At first only the rudest schools can be established, for no
others would meet the needs of the hard-driven, sinewy folk who thrust
forward the frontier in the teeth of savage man and savage nature; and
many years elapse before any of these schools can develop into seats
of higher learning and broader culture.
The pioneer days pass; the stump-dotted clearings expand into vast
stretches of fertile farm land; the stockaded clusters of log cabins
change into towns; the hunters of game, the fellers of trees, the rude
frontier traders and tillers of the soil, the men who wander all their
lives long through the wilderness as the heralds and harbingers of an
oncoming civilization, themselves vanish before the civilization for
which they have prepared the way. The children of their successors and
supplanters, and then their children and children's children, change
and develop with extraordinary rapidity. The conditions accentuate
vices and virtues, energy and ruthlessness, all the good qualities and
all the defects of an intense individualism, self-reliant,
self-centred, far more conscious of its rights than of its duties, and
blind to its own shortcomings. To the hard materialism of the frontier
days succeeds the hard materialism of an industrialism even more
intense and absorbing than that of the older nations; although these
themselves have likewise already entered on the age of a complex and
predominantly industrial civilization.
As the country grows, its people, who have won success in so many
lines, turn back to try to recover the possessions of the mind and the
spirit, which perforce their fathers threw aside in order better to
wage the first rough battles for the continent their children inherit.
The leaders of thought and of action grope their way forward to a new
life, realizing, sometimes dimly, sometimes clear-sightedly, that the
life of material gain, whether for a nation or an individual, is of
value only as a foundation, only as there is added to it the uplift
that comes from devotion to loftier ideals. The new life thus sought
can in part be developed afresh from what is round about in the New
World; but it can be developed in full only by freely drawing upon the
treasure-houses of the Old World, upon the treasures stored in the
ancient abodes of wisdom and learning, such as this where I speak
to-day. It is a mistake for any nation merely to copy another; but it
is an even greater mistake, it is a proof of weakness in any nation,
not to be anxious to learn from another, and willing and able to adapt
that learning to the new national conditions and make it fruitful and
productive therein. It is for us of the New World to sit at the feet
of the Gamaliel of the Old; then, if we have the right stuff in us,
we can show that, Paul in his turn can become a teacher as well as a
To-day I shall speak to you on the subject of individual citizenship,
the one subject of vital importance to you, my hearers, and to me and
my countrymen, because you and we are citizens of great democratic
republics. A democratic republic such as each of ours--an effort to
realize in its full sense government by, of, and for the
people--represents the most gigantic of all possible social
experiments, the one fraught with greatest possibilities alike for
good and for evil. The success of republics like yours and like ours
means the glory, and our failure the despair, of mankind; and for you
and for us the question of the quality of the individual citizen is
supreme. Under other forms of government, under the rule of one man or
of a very few men, the quality of the rulers is all-important. If,
under such governments, the quality of the rulers is high enough, then
the nation may for generations lead a brilliant career, and add
substantially to the sum of world achievement, no matter how low the
quality of the average citizen; because the average citizen is an
almost negligible quantity in working out the final results of that
type of national greatness.
But with you and with us the case is different. With you here, and
with us in my own home, in the long run, success or failure will be
conditioned upon the way in which the average man, the average woman,
does his or her duty, first in the ordinary, every-day affairs of
life, and next in those great occasional crises which call for the
heroic virtues. The average citizen must be a good citizen if our
republics are to succeed. The stream will not permanently rise higher
than the main source; and the main source of national power and
national greatness is found in the average citizenship of the nation.
Therefore it behooves us to do our best to see that the standard of
the average citizen is kept high; and the average cannot be kept high
unless the standard of the leaders is very much higher.
It is well if a large proportion of the leaders in any republic, in
any democracy, are, as a matter of course, drawn from the classes
represented in this audience to-day; but only provided that those
classes possess the gifts of sympathy with plain people and of
devotion to great ideals. You and those like you have received special
advantages; you have all of you had the opportunity for mental
training; many of you have had leisure; most of you have had a chance
for the enjoyment of life far greater than comes to the majority of
your fellows. To you and your kind much has been given, and from you
much should be expected. Yet there are certain failings against which
it is especially incumbent that both men of trained and cultivated
intellect, and men of inherited wealth and position, should especially
guard themselves, because to these failings they are especially
liable; and if yielded to, their--your--chances of useful service are
at an end.
Let the man of learning, the man of lettered leisure, beware of that
queer and cheap temptation to pose to himself and to others as the
cynic, as the man who has outgrown emotions and beliefs, the man to
whom good and evil are as one. The poorest way to face life is to face
it with a sneer. There are many men who feel a kind of twisted pride
in cynicism; there are many who confine themselves to criticism of the
way others do what they themselves dare not even attempt. There is no
more unhealthy being, no man less worthy of respect, than he who
either really holds, or feigns to hold, an attitude of sneering
disbelief towards all that is great and lofty, whether in achievement
or in that noble effort which, even if it fails, comes second to
achievement. A cynical habit of thought and speech, a readiness to
criticise work which the critic himself never tries to perform, an
intellectual aloofness which will not accept contact with life's
realities--all these are marks, not, as the possessor would fain
think, of superiority, but of weakness. They mark the men unfit to
bear their part manfully in the stern strife of living, who seek, in
the affectation of contempt for the achievements of others, to hide
from others and from themselves their own weakness. The role is easy;
there is none easier, save only the role of the man who sneers alike
at both criticism and performance.
It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the
strong man stumbles, or where the doer of deeds could have done them
better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in the arena,
whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood; who strives
valiantly; who errs, and comes short again and again, because there is
no effort without error and shortcoming; but who does actually strive
to do the deeds; who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions;
who spends himself in a worthy cause; who at the best knows in the
end the triumph of high achievement, and who at the worst, if he
fails, at least fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall
never be with those cold and timid souls who know neither victory nor
defeat. Shame on the man of cultivated taste who permits refinement to
develop into a fastidiousness that unfits him for doing the rough work
of a workaday world. Among the free peoples who govern themselves
there is but a small field of usefulness open for the men of
cloistered life who shrink from contact with their fellows. Still less
room is there for those who deride or slight what is done by those who
actually bear the brunt of the day; nor yet for those others who
always profess that they would like to take action, if only the
conditions of life were not what they actually are. The man who does
nothing cuts the same sordid figure in the pages of history, whether
he be cynic, or fop, or voluptuary. There is little use for the being
whose tepid soul knows nothing of the great and generous emotion, of
the high pride, the stern belief, the lofty enthusiasm, of the men who
quell the storm and ride the thunder. Well for these men if they
succeed; well also, though not so well, if they fail, given only that
they have nobly ventured, and have put forth all their heart and
strength. It is war-worn Hotspur, spent with hard fighting, he of the
many errors and the valiant end, over whose memory we love to linger,
not over the memory of the young lord who "but for the vile guns would
have been a soldier."
France has taught many lessons to other nations; surely one of the
most important is the lesson her whole history teaches, that a high
artistic and literary development is compatible with notable
leadership in arms and statecraft. The brilliant gallantry of the
French soldier has for many centuries been proverbial; and during
these same centuries at every court in Europe the "freemasons of
fashion" have treated the French tongue as their common speech; while
every artist and man of letters, and every man of science able to
appreciate that marvellous instrument of precision, French prose, has
turned towards France for aid and inspiration. How long the leadership
in arms and letters has lasted is curiously illustrated by the fact
that the earliest masterpiece in a modern tongue is the splendid
French epic which tells of Roland's doom and the vengeance of
Charlemagne when the lords of the Frankish host were stricken at
Roncesvalles.
Let those who have, keep, let those who have not, strive to attain, a
high standard of cultivation and scholarship. Yet let us remember that
these stand second to certain other things. There is need of a sound
body, and even more need of a sound mind. But above mind and above
body stands character--the sum of those qualities which we mean when
we speak of a man's force and courage, of his good faith and sense of
honor. I believe in exercise for the body, always provided that we
keep in mind that physical development is a means and not an end. I
believe, of course, in giving to all the people a good education. But
the education must contain much besides book-learning in order to be
really good. We must ever remember that no keenness and subtleness of
intellect, no polish, no cleverness, in any way make up for the lack
of the great solid qualities. Self-restraint, self-mastery,
common-sense, the power of accepting individual responsibility and yet
of acting in conjunction with others, courage and resolution--these
are the qualities which mark a masterful people. Without them no
people can control itself, or save itself from being controlled from
the outside. I speak to a brilliant assemblage; I speak in a great
university which represents the flower of the highest intellectual
development; I pay all homage to intellect, and to elaborate and
specialized training of the intellect; and yet I know I shall have the
assent of all of you present when I add that more important still are
the commonplace, every-day qualities and virtues.
Such ordinary, every-day qualities include the will and the power to
work, to fight at need, and to have plenty of healthy children. The
need that the average man shall work is so obvious as hardly to
warrant insistence. There are a few people in every country so born
that they can lead lives of leisure. These fill a useful function if
they make it evident that leisure does not mean idleness; for some of
the most valuable work needed by civilization is essentially
non-remunerative in its character, and of course the people who do
this work should in large part be drawn from those to whom
remuneration is an object of indifference. But the average man must
earn his own livelihood. He should be trained to do so, and he should
be trained to feel that he occupies a contemptible position if he does
not do so; that he is not an object of envy if he is idle, at
whichever end of the social scale he stands, but an object of
contempt, an object of derision.
In the next place, the good man should be both a strong and a brave
man; that is, he should be able to fight, he should be able to serve
his country as a soldier, if the need arises. There are well-meaning
philosophers who declaim against the unrighteousness of war. They are
right only if they lay all their emphasis upon the unrighteousness.
War is a dreadful thing, and unjust war is a crime against humanity.
But it is such a crime because it is unjust, not because it is war.
The choice must ever be in favor of righteousness, and this whether
the alternative be peace or whether the alternative be war. The
question must not be merely, Is there to be peace or war? The question
must be, Is the right to prevail? Are the great laws of righteousness
once more to be fulfilled? And the answer from a strong and virile
people must be, "Yes," whatever the cost. Every honorable effort
should always be made to avoid war; just as every honorable effort
should always be made by the individual in private life to keep out of
a brawl, to keep out of trouble; but no self-respecting individual,
no self-respecting nation, can or ought to submit to wrong.
Finally, even more important than ability to work, even more important
than ability to fight at need, is it to remember that the chief of
blessings for any nation is that it shall leave its seed to inherit
the land. It was the crown of blessings in Biblical times; and it is
the crown of blessings now. The greatest of all curses is the curse of
sterility, and the severest of all condemnations should be that
visited upon wilful sterility. The first essential in any civilization
is that the man and the woman shall be father and mother of healthy
children, so that the race shall increase and not decrease. If this is
not so, if through no fault of the society there is failure to
increase, it is a great misfortune. If the failure is due to
deliberate and wilful fault, then it is not merely a misfortune, it is
one of those crimes of ease and self-indulgence, of shrinking from
pain and effort and risk, which in the long run Nature punishes more
heavily than any other. If we of the great republics, if we, the free
people who claim to have emancipated ourselves from the thraldom of
wrong and error, bring down on our heads the curse that comes upon
the wilfully barren, then it will be an idle waste of breath to
prattle of our achievements, to boast of all that we have done. No
refinement of life, no delicacy of taste, no material progress, no
sordid heaping up of riches, no sensuous development of art and
literature, can in any way compensate for the loss of the great
fundamental virtues; and of these great fundamental virtues, the
greatest is the race's power to perpetuate the race. Character must
show itself in the man's performance both of the duty he owes himself
and of the duty he owes the State. The man's foremost duty is owed to
himself and his family; and he can do this duty only by earning money,
by providing what is essential to material well-being; it is only
after this has been done that he can hope to build a higher
superstructure on the solid material foundation; it is only after this
has been done that he can help in movements for the general
well-being. He must pull his own weight first, and only after this can
his surplus strength be of use to the general public. It is not good
to excite that bitter laughter which expresses contempt; and contempt
is what we feel for the being whose enthusiasm to benefit mankind is
such that he is a burden to those nearest him; who wishes to do great
things for humanity in the abstract, but who cannot keep his wife in
comfort or educate his children.
Neverthless, while laying all stress on this point, while not merely
acknowledging but insisting upon the fact that there must be a basis
of material well-being for the individual as for the nation, let us
with equal emphasis insist that this material well-being represents
nothing but the foundation, and that the foundation, though
indispensable, is worthless unless upon it is raised the
superstructure of a higher life. That is why I decline to recognize
the mere multi-millionaire, the man of mere wealth, as an asset of
value to any country; and especially as not an asset to my own
country. If he has earned or uses his wealth in a way that makes him
of real benefit, of real use,--and such is often the case,--why, then
he does become an asset of worth. But it is the way in which it has
been earned or used, and not the mere fact of wealth, that entitles
him to the credit. There is need in business, as in most other forms
of human activity, of the great guiding intelligences. Their places
cannot be supplied by any number of lesser intelligences. It is a good
thing that they should have ample recognition, ample reward. But we
must not transfer our admiration to the reward instead of to the deed
rewarded; and if what should be the reward exists without the service
having been rendered, then admiration will come only from those who
are mean of soul. The truth is that, after a certain measure of
tangible material success or reward has been achieved, the question of
increasing it becomes of constantly less importance compared to other
things that can be done in life. It is a bad thing for a nation to
raise and to admire a false standard of success; and there can be no
falser standard than that set by the deification of material
well-being in and for itself. The man who, for any cause for which he
is himself accountable, has failed to support himself and those for
whom he is responsible, ought to feel that he has fallen lamentably
short in his prime duty. But the man who, having far surpassed the
limit of providing for the wants, both of body and mind, of himself
and of those depending upon him, then piles up a great fortune, for
the acquisition or retention of which he returns no corresponding
benefit to the nation as a whole, should himself be made to feel that,
so far from being a desirable, he is an unworthy, citizen of the
community; that he is to be neither admired nor envied; that his
right-thinking fellow-countrymen put him low in the scale of
citizenship, and leave him to be consoled by the admiration of those
whose level of purpose is even lower than his own.
My position as regards the moneyed interests can be put in a few
words. In every civilized society property rights must be carefully
safeguarded; ordinarily, and in the great majority of cases, human
rights and property rights are fundamentally and in the long run
identical; but when it clearly appears that there is a real conflict
between them, human rights must have the upper hand, for property
belongs to man and not man to property.
In fact, it is essential to good citizenship clearly to understand
that there are certain qualities which we in a democracy are prone to
admire in and of themselves, which ought by rights to be judged
admirable or the reverse solely from the standpoint of the use made of
them. Foremost among these I should include two very distinct
gifts--the gift of money-making and the gift of oratory. Money-making,
the money touch, I have spoken of above. It is a quality which in a
moderate degree is essential. It may be useful when developed to a
very great degree, but only if accompanied and controlled by other
qualities; and without such control the possessor tends to develop
into one of the least attractive types produced by a modern industrial
democracy. So it is with the orator. It is highly desirable that a
leader of opinion in a democracy should be able to state his views
clearly and convincingly. But all that the oratory can do of value to
the community is to enable the man thus to explain himself; if it
enables the orator to persuade his hearers to put false values on
things, it merely makes him a power for mischief. Some excellent
public servants have not the gift at all, and must rely upon their
deeds to speak for them; and unless the oratory does represent genuine
conviction, based on good common-sense and able to be translated into
efficient performance, then the better the oratory the greater the
damage to the public it deceives. Indeed, it is a sign of marked
political weakness in any commonwealth if the people tend to be
carried away by mere oratory, if they tend to value words in and for
themselves, as divorced from the deeds for which they are supposed to
stand. The phrase-maker, the phrase-monger, the ready talker, however
great his power, whose speech does not make for courage, sobriety, and
right understanding, is simply a noxious element in the body politic,
and it speaks ill for the public if he has influence over them. To
admire the gift of oratory without regard to the moral quality behind
the gift is to do wrong to the republic.
Of course all that I say of the orator applies with even greater force
to the orator's latter-day and more influential brother, the
journalist. The power of the journalist is great, but he is entitled
neither to respect nor admiration because of that power unless it is
used aright. He can do, and he often does, great good. He can do, and
he often does, infinite mischief. All journalists, all writers, for
the very reason that they appreciate the vast possibilities of their
profession, should bear testimony against those who deeply discredit
it. Offenses against taste and morals, which are bad enough in a
private citizen, are infinitely worse if made into instruments for
debauching the community through a newspaper. Mendacity, slander,
sensationalism, inanity, vapid triviality, all are potent factors for
the debauchery of the public mind and conscience. The excuse advanced
for vicious writing, that the public demands it and that the demand
must be supplied, can no more be admitted than if it were advanced by
the purveyors of food who sell poisonous adulterations.
In short, the good citizen in a republic must realize that he ought to
possess two sets of qualities, and that neither avails without the
other. He must have those qualities which make for efficiency; and he
must also have those qualities which direct the efficiency into
channels for the public good. He is useless if he is inefficient.
There is nothing to be done with that type of citizen of whom all that
can be said is that he is harmless. Virtue which is dependent upon a
sluggish circulation is not impressive. There is little place in
active life for the timid good man. The man who is saved by weakness
from robust wickedness is likewise rendered immune from the robuster
virtues. The good citizen in a republic must first of all be able to
hold his own. He is no good citizen unless he has the ability which
will make him work hard and which at need will make him fight hard.
The good citizen is not a good citizen unless he is an efficient
citizen.
But if a man's efficiency is not guided and regulated by a moral
sense, then the more efficient he is the worse he is, the more
dangerous to the body politic. Courage, intellect, all the masterful
qualities, serve but to make a man more evil if they are used merely
for that man's own advancement, with brutal indifference to the rights
of others. It speaks ill for the community if the community worships
these qualities and treats their possessors as heroes regardless of
whether the qualities are used rightly or wrongly. It makes no
difference as to the precise way in which this sinister efficiency is
shown. It makes no difference whether such a man's force and ability
betray themselves in the career of money-maker or politician, soldier
or orator, journalist or popular leader. If the man works for evil,
then the more successful he is the more he should be despised and
condemned by all upright and far-seeing men. To judge a man merely by
success is an abhorrent wrong; and if the people at large habitually
so judge men, if they grow to condone wickedness because the wicked
man triumphs, they show their inability to understand that in the last
analysis free institutions rest upon the character of citizenship, and
that by such admiration of evil they prove themselves unfit for
The homely virtues of the household, the ordinary workaday virtues
which make the woman a good housewife and house-mother, which make the
man a hard worker, a good husband and father, a good soldier at need,
stand at the bottom of character. But of course many others must be
added thereto if a State is to be not only free but great. Good
citizenship is not good citizenship if exhibited only in the home.
There remain the duties of the individual in relation to the State,
and these duties are none too easy under the conditions which exist
where the effort is made to carry on free government in a complex,
industrial civilization. Perhaps the most important thing the ordinary
citizen, and, above all, the leader of ordinary citizens, has to
remember in political life is that he must not be a sheer doctrinaire.
The closet philosopher, the refined and cultured individual who from
his library tells how men ought to be governed under ideal conditions,
is of no use in actual governmental work; and the one-sided fanatic,
and still more the mob leader, and the insincere man who to achieve
power promises what by no possibility can be performed, are not
merely useless but noxious.
The citizen must have high ideals, and yet he must be able to achieve
them in practical fashion. No permanent good comes from aspirations so
lofty that they have grown fantastic and have become impossible and
indeed undesirable to realize. The impracticable visionary is far less
often the guide and precursor than he is the embittered foe of the
real reformer, of the man who, with stumblings and shortcomings, yet
does in some shape, in practical fashion, give effect to the hopes and
desires of those who strive for better things. Woe to the empty
phrase-maker, to the empty idealist, who, instead of making ready the
ground for the man of action, turns against him when he appears and
hampers him as he does the work! Moreover, the preacher of ideals must
remember how sorry and contemptible is the figure which he will cut,
how great the damage that he will do, if he does not himself, in his
own life, strive measurably to realize the ideals that he preaches for
others. Let him remember also that the worth of the ideal must be
largely determined by the success with which it can in practice be
realized. We should abhor the so-called "practical" men whose
practicality assumes the shape of that peculiar baseness which finds
its expression in disbelief in morality and decency, in disregard of
high standards of living and conduct. Such a creature is the worst
enemy of the body politic. But only less desirable as a citizen is his
nominal opponent and real ally, the man of fantastic vision who makes
the impossible better forever the enemy of the possible good.
We can just as little afford to follow the doctrinaires of an extreme
individualism as the doctrinaires of an extreme socialism. Individual
initiative, so far from being discouraged, should be stimulated; and
yet we should remember that, as society develops and grows more
complex, we continually find that things which once it was desirable
to leave to individual initiative can, under the changed conditions,
be performed with better results by common effort. It is quite
impossible, and equally undesirable, to draw in theory a hard and fast
line which shall always divide the two sets of cases. This every one
who is not cursed with the pride of the closet philosopher will see,
if he will only take the trouble to think about some of our commonest
phenomena. For instance, when people live on isolated farms or in
little hamlets, each house can be left to attend to its own drainage
and water supply; but the mere multiplication of families in a given
area produces new problems which, because they differ in size, are
found to differ not only in degree but in kind from the old; and the
questions of drainage and water supply have to be considered from the
common standpoint. It is not a matter for abstract dogmatizing to
decide when this point is reached; it is a matter to be tested by
practical experiment. Much of the discussion about socialism and
individualism is entirely pointless, because of failure to agree on
terminology. It is not good to be the slave of names. I am a strong
individualist by personal habit, inheritance, and conviction; but it
is a mere matter of common sense to recognize that the State, the
community, the citizens acting together, can do a number of things
better than if they were left to individual action. The individualism
which finds its expression in the abuse of physical force is checked
very early in the growth of civilization, and we of to-day should in
our turn strive to shackle or destroy that individualism which
triumphs by greed and cunning, which exploits the weak by craft
instead of ruling them by brutality. We ought to go with any man in
the effort to bring about justice and the equality of opportunity, to
turn the tool user more and more into the tool owner, to shift burdens
so that they can be more equitably borne. The deadening effect on any
race of the adoption of a logical and extreme socialistic system could
not be overstated; it would spell sheer destruction; it would produce
grosser wrong and outrage, fouler immorality, than any existing
system. But this does not mean that we may not with great advantage
adopt certain of the principles professed by some given set of men who
happen to call themselves Socialists; to be afraid to do so would be
to make a mark of weakness on our part.
But we should not take part in acting a lie any more than in telling a
lie. We should not say that men are equal where they are not equal,
nor proceed upon the assumption that there is an equality where it
does not exist; but we should strive to bring about a measurable
equality, at least to the extent of preventing the inequality which is
due to force or fraud. Abraham Lincoln, a man of the plain people,
blood of their blood and bone of their bone, who all his life toiled
and wrought and suffered for them, and at the end died for them, who
always strove to represent them, who would never tell an untruth to or
for them, spoke of the doctrine of equality with his usual mixture of
idealism and sound common-sense. He said (I omit what was of merely
local significance):
I think the authors of the Declaration of Independence intended to
include all men, but that they did not mean to declare all men
equal _in all respects_. They did not mean to say all men were
equal in color, size, intellect, moral development, or social
capacity. They defined with tolerable distinctness in what they
did consider all men created equal--equal in certain inalienable
rights, among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
happiness. This they said, and this they meant. They did not mean
to assert the obvious untruth that all were then actually enjoying
that equality, or yet that they were about to confer it
immediately upon them. They meant to set up a standard maxim for
free society which should be familiar to all--constantly looked
to, constantly labored for, and, even though never perfectly
attained, constantly approximated, and thereby constantly
spreading and deepening its influence, and augmenting the
happiness and value of life to all people, everywhere.
We are bound in honor to refuse to listen to those men who would make
us desist from the effort to do away with the inequality which means
injustice; the inequality of right, of opportunity, of privilege. We
are bound in honor to strive to bring ever nearer the day when, as far
as is humanly possible, we shall be able to realize the ideal that
each man shall have an equal opportunity to show the stuff that is in
him by the way in which he renders service. There should, so far as
possible, be equality of opportunity to render service; but just so
long as there is inequality of service there should and must be
inequality of reward. We may be sorry for the general, the painter,
the artist, the worker in any profession or of any kind, whose
misfortune rather than whose fault it is that he does his work ill.
But the reward must go to the man who does his work well; for any
other course is to create a new kind of privilege, the privilege of
folly and weakness; and special privilege is injustice, whatever form
it takes.
To say that the thriftless, the lazy, the vicious, the incapable,
ought to have the reward given to those who are far-sighted, capable,
and upright, is to say what is not true and cannot be true. Let us try
to level up, but let us beware of the evil of levelling down. If a man
stumbles, it is a good thing to help him to his feet. Every one of us
needs a helping hand now and then. But if a man lies down, it is a
waste of time to try to carry him; and it is a very bad thing for
every one if we make men feel that the same reward will come to those
who shirk their work and to those who do it.
Let us, then, take into account the actual facts of life, and not be
misled into following any proposal for achieving the millennium, for
re-creating the golden age, until we have subjected it to hard-headed
examination. On the other hand, it is foolish to reject a proposal
merely because it is advanced by visionaries. If a given scheme is
proposed, look at it on its merits, and, in considering it, disregard
formulas. It does not matter in the least who proposes it, or why. If
it seems good, try it. If it proves good, accept it; otherwise reject
it. There are plenty of men calling themselves Socialists with whom,
up to a certain point, it is quite possible to work. If the next step
is one which both we and they wish to take, why of course take it,
without any regard to the fact that our views as to the tenth step may
differ. But, on the other hand, keep clearly in mind that, though it
has been worth while to take one step, this does not in the least
mean that it may not be highly disadvantageous to take the next. It is
just as foolish to refuse all progress because people demanding it
desire at some points to go to absurd extremes, as it would be to go
to these absurd extremes simply because some of the measures advocated
by the extremists were wise.
The good citizen will demand liberty for himself, and as a matter of
pride he will see to it that others receive the liberty which he thus
claims as his own. Probably the best test of true love of liberty in
any country is the way in which minorities are treated in that
country. Not only should there be complete liberty in matters of
religion and opinion, but complete liberty for each man to lead his
life as he desires, provided only that in so doing he does not wrong
his neighbor. Persecution is bad because it is persecution, and
without reference to which side happens at the moment to be the
persecutor and which the persecuted. Class hatred is bad in just the
same way, and without any regard to the individual who, at a given
time, substitutes loyalty to a class for loyalty to the nation, or
substitutes hatred of men because they happen to come in a certain
social category, for judgment awarded them according to their
conduct. Remember always that the same measure of condemnation should
be extended to the arrogance which would look down upon or crush any
man because he is poor, and to the envy and hatred which would destroy
a man because he is wealthy. The overbearing brutality of the man of
wealth or power, and the envious and hateful malice directed against
wealth or power, are really at root merely different manifestations of
the same quality, merely the two sides of the same shield. The man
who, if born to wealth and power, exploits and ruins his less
fortunate brethren, is at heart the same as the greedy and violent
demagogue who excites those who have not property to plunder those who
have. The gravest wrong upon his country is inflicted by that man,
whatever his station, who seeks to make his countrymen divide
primarily on the line that separates class from class, occupation from
occupation, men of more wealth from men of less wealth, instead of
remembering that the only safe standard is that which judges each man
on his worth as a man, whether he be rich or poor, without regard to
his profession or to his station in life. Such is the only true
democratic test, the only test that can with propriety be applied in
a republic. There have been many republics in the past, both in what
we call antiquity and in what we call the Middle Ages. They fell, and
the prime factor in their fall was the fact that the parties tended to
divide along the line that separates wealth from poverty. It made no
difference which side was successful; it made no difference whether
the republic fell under the rule of an oligarchy or the rule of a mob.
In either case, when once loyalty to a class had been substituted for
loyalty to the republic, the end of the republic was at hand. There is
no greater need to-day than the need to keep ever in mind the fact
that the cleavage between right and wrong, between good citizenship
and bad citizenship, runs at right angles to, and not parallel with,
the lines of cleavage between class and class, between occupation and
occupation. Ruin looks us in the face if we judge a man by his
position instead of judging him by his conduct in that position.
In a republic, to be successful we must learn to combine intensity of
conviction with a broad tolerance of difference of conviction. Wide
differences of opinion in matters of religious, political, and social
belief must exist if conscience and intellect alike are not to be
stunted, if there is to be room for healthy growth. Bitter internecine
hatreds, based on such differences, are signs, not of earnestness of
belief, but of that fanaticism which, whether religious or
anti-religious, democratic or anti-democratic, is itself but a
manifestation of the gloomy bigotry which has been the chief factor in
the downfall of so many, many nations.
Of one man in especial, beyond any one else, the citizens of a
republic should beware, and that is of the man who appeals to them to
support him on the ground that he is hostile to other citizens of the
republic, that he will secure for those who elect him, in one shape or
another, profit at the expense of other citizens of the republic. It
makes no difference whether he appeals to class hatred or class
interest, to religious or anti-religious prejudice. The man who makes
such an appeal should always be presumed to make it for the sake of
furthering his own interest. The very last thing that an intelligent
and self-respecting member of a democratic community should do is to
reward any public man because that public man says he will get the
private citizen something to which this private citizen is not
entitled, or will gratify some emotion or animosity which this
private citizen ought not to possess. Let me illustrate this by one
anecdote from my own experience. A number of years ago I was engaged
in cattle-ranching on the great plains of the western United States.
There were no fences. The cattle wandered free, the ownership of each
being determined by the brand; the calves were branded with the brand
of the cows they followed. If on the round-up an animal was passed by,
the following year it would appear as an unbranded yearling, and was
then called a maverick. By the custom of the country these mavericks
were branded with the brand of the man on whose range they were found.
One day I was riding the range with a newly hired cowboy, and we came
upon a maverick. We roped and threw it; then we built a little fire,
took out a cinch-ring, heated it at the fire; and the cowboy started
to put on the brand. I said to him, "It is So-and-so's brand," naming
the man on whose range we happened to be. He answered: "That's all
right, boss; I know my business." In another moment I said to him,
"Hold on, you are putting on my brand!" To which he answered, "That's
all right; I always put on the boss's brand." I answered, "Oh, very
well. Now you go straight back to the ranch and get what is owing to
you; I don't need you any longer." He jumped up and said: "Why, what's
the matter? I was putting on your brand." And I answered: "Yes, my
friend, and if you will steal _for_ me you will steal _from_ me."
Now, the same principle which applies in private life applies also in
public life. If a public man tries to get your vote by saying that he
will do something wrong _in_ your interest, you can be absolutely
certain that if ever it becomes worth his while he will do something
wrong _against_ your interest.
So much for the citizenship of the individual in his relations to his
family, to his neighbor, to the State. There remain duties of
citizenship which the State, the aggregation of all the individuals,
owes in connection with other states, with other nations. Let me say
at once that I am no advocate of a foolish cosmopolitanism. I believe
that a man must be a good patriot before he can be, and as the only
possible way of being, a good citizen of the world. Experience teaches
us that the average man who protests that his international feeling
swamps his national feeling, that he does not care for his country
because he cares so much for mankind, in actual practice proves
himself the foe of mankind; that the man who says that he does not
care to be a citizen of any one country, because he is a citizen of
the world, is in very fact usually an exceedingly undesirable citizen
of whatever corner of the world he happens at the moment to be in. In
the dim future all moral needs and moral standards may change; but at
present, if a man can view his own country and all other countries
from the same level with tepid indifference, it is wise to distrust
him, just as it is wise to distrust the man who can take the same
dispassionate view of his wife and his mother. However broad and deep
a man's sympathies, however intense his activities, he need have no
fear that they will be cramped by love of his native land.
Now, this does not mean in the least that a man should not wish to do
good outside of his native land. On the contrary, just as I think that
the man who loves his family is more apt to be a good neighbor than
the man who does not, so I think that the most useful member of the
family of nations is normally a strongly patriotic nation. So far from
patriotism being inconsistent with a proper regard for the rights of
other nations, I hold that the true patriot, who is as jealous of the
national honor as a gentleman is of his own honor, will be careful to
see that the nation neither inflicts nor suffers wrong, just as a
gentleman scorns equally to wrong others or to suffer others to wrong
him. I do not for one moment admit that political morality is
different from private morality, that a promise made on the stump
differs from a promise made in private life. I do not for one moment
admit that a man should act deceitfully as a public servant in his
dealings with other nations, any more than that he should act
deceitfully in his dealings as a private citizen with other private
citizens. I do not for one moment admit that a nation should treat
other nations in a different spirit from that in which an honorable
man would treat other men.
In practically applying this principle to the two sets of cases there
is, of course, a great practical difference to be taken into account.
We speak of international law; but international law is something
wholly different from private or municipal law, and the capital
difference is that there is a sanction for the one and no sanction for
the other; that there is an outside force which compels individuals to
obey the one, while there is no such outside force to compel
obedience as regards the other. International law will, I believe, as
the generations pass, grow stronger and stronger until in some way or
other there develops the power to make it respected. But as yet it is
only in the first formative period. As yet, as a rule, each nation is
of necessity obliged to judge for itself in matters of vital
importance between it and its neighbors, and actions must of
necessity, where this is the case, be different from what they are
where, as among private citizens, there is an outside force whose
action is all-powerful and must be invoked in any crisis of
importance. It is the duty of wise statesmen, gifted with the power of
looking ahead, to try to encourage and build up every movement which
will substitute or tend to substitute some other agency for force in
the settlement of international disputes. It is the duty of every
honest statesman to try to guide the nation so that it shall not wrong
any other nation. But as yet the great civilized peoples, if they are
to be true to themselves and to the cause of humanity and
civilization, must keep ever in mind that in the last resort they must
possess both the will and the power to resent wrong-doing from others.
The men who sanely believe in a lofty morality preach righteousness;
but they do not preach weakness, whether among private citizens or
among nations. We believe that our ideals should be high, but not so
high as to make it impossible measurably to realize them. We sincerely
and earnestly believe in peace; but if peace and justice conflict, we
scorn the man who would not stand for justice though the whole world
came in arms against him.
And now, my hosts, a word in parting. You and I belong to the only two
Republics among the great powers of the world. The ancient friendship
between France and the United States has been, on the whole, a sincere
and disinterested friendship. A calamity to you would be a sorrow to
us. But it would be more than that. In the seething turmoil of the
history of humanity certain nations stand out as possessing a peculiar
power or charm, some special gift of beauty or wisdom or strength,
which puts them among the immortals, which makes them rank forever
with the leaders of mankind. France is one of these nations. For her
to sink would be a loss to all the world. There are certain lessons of
brilliance and of generous gallantry that she can teach better than
any of her sister nations. When the French peasantry sang of
Malbrook, it was to tell how the soul of this warrior-foe took flight
upward through the laurels he had won. Nearly seven centuries ago,
Froissart, writing of a time of dire disaster, said that the realm of
France was never so stricken that there were not left men who would
valiantly fight for it. You have had a great past. I believe that you
will have a great future. Long may you carry yourselves proudly as
citizens of a nation which bears a leading part in the teaching and
uplifting of mankind.
Norway, May 5, 1910
It is with peculiar pleasure that I stand here to-day to express the
deep appreciation I feel of the high honor conferred upon me by the
presentation of the Nobel Peace Prize.[7] The gold medal which formed
part of the prize I shall always keep, and I shall hand it on to my
children as a precious heirloom. The sum of money provided as part of
the prize by the wise generosity of the illustrious founder of this
world-famous prize system I did not, under the peculiar circumstances
of the case, feel at liberty to keep. I think it eminently just and
proper that in most cases the recipient of the prize should keep for
his own use the prize in its entirety. But in this case, while I did
not act officially as President of the United States, it was
nevertheless only because I was President that I was enabled to act at
all; and I felt that the money must be considered as having been given
me in trust for the United States. I therefore used it as a nucleus
for a foundation to forward the cause of industrial peace, as being
well within the general purpose of your Committee; for in our complex
industrial civilization of to-day the peace of righteousness and
justice, the only kind of peace worth having, is at least as necessary
in the industrial world as it is among nations. There is at least as
much need to curb the cruel greed and arrogance of part of the world
of capital, to curb the cruel greed and violence of part of the world
of labor, as to check a cruel and unhealthy militarism in
international relationships.
[7] Awarded to Mr. Roosevelt for his acts as mediator between
Russia and Japan which resulted in the Treaty of Portsmouth and
the ending of the Russo-Japanese war.--L.F.A.
We must ever bear in mind that the great end in view is righteousness,
justice as between man and man, nation and nation, the chance to lead
our lives on a somewhat higher level, with a broader spirit of
brotherly good-will one for another. Peace is generally good in
itself, but it is never the highest good unless it comes as the
handmaid of righteousness; and it becomes a very evil thing if it
serves merely as a mask for cowardice and sloth, or as an instrument
to further the ends of despotism or anarchy. We despise and abhor the
bully, the brawler, the oppressor, whether in private or public life;
but we despise no less the coward and the voluptuary. No man is worth
calling a man who will not fight rather than submit to infamy or see
those that are dear to him suffer wrong. No nation deserves to exist
if it permits itself to lose the stern and virile virtues; and this
without regard to whether the loss is due to the growth of a heartless
and all-absorbing commercialism, to prolonged indulgence in luxury and
soft effortless ease, or to the deification of a warped and twisted
sentimentality.
Moreover, and above all, let us remember that words count only when
they give expression to deeds or are to be translated into them. The
leaders of the Red Terror prattled of peace while they steeped their
hands in the blood of the innocent; and many a tyrant has called it
peace when he has scourged honest protest into silence. Our words must
be judged by our deeds; and in striving for a lofty ideal we must use
practical methods; and if we cannot attain all at one leap, we must
advance towards it step by step, reasonably content so long as we do
actually make some progress in the right direction.
Now, having freely admitted the limitations to our work, and the
qualifications to be borne in mind, I feel that I have the right to
have my words taken seriously when I point out where, in my judgment,
great advance can be made in the cause of international peace. I speak
as a practical man, and whatever I now advocate I actually tried to do
when I was for the time being the head of a great nation, and keenly
jealous of its honor and interest. I ask other nations to do only what
I should be glad to see my own nation do.
The advance can be made along several lines. First of all, there can
be treaties of arbitration. There are, of course, states so backward
that a civilized community ought not to enter into an arbitration
treaty with them, at least until we have gone much further than at
present in securing some kind of international police action. But all
really civilized communities should have effective arbitration
treaties among themselves. I believe that these treaties can cover
almost all questions liable to arise between such nations, if they are
drawn with the explicit agreement that each contracting party will
respect the other's territory and its absolute sovereignty within
that territory, and the equally explicit agreement that (aside from
the very rare cases where the nation's honor is vitally concerned) all
other possible subjects of controversy will be submitted to
arbitration. Such a treaty would insure peace unless one party
deliberately violated it. Of course, as yet there is no adequate
safeguard against such deliberate violation, but the establishment of
a sufficient number of these treaties would go a long way towards
creating a world opinion which would finally find expression in the
provision of methods to forbid or punish any such violation.
Secondly, there is the further development of The Hague Tribunal, of
the work of the conferences and courts at The Hague. It has been well
said that the first Hague Conference framed a Magna Charta for the
nations; it set before us an ideal which has already to some extent
been realized, and towards the full realization of which we can all
steadily strive. The second Conference made further progress; the
third should do yet more. Meanwhile the American Government has more
than once tentatively suggested methods for completing the Court of
Arbitral Justice, constituted at the second Hague Conference, and for
rendering it effective. It is earnestly to be hoped that the various
Governments of Europe, working with those of America and of Asia,
shall set themselves seriously to the task of devising some method
which shall accomplish this result. If I may venture the suggestion,
it would be well for the statesmen of the world in planning for the
erection of this world court, to study what has been done in the
United States by the Supreme Court. I cannot help thinking that the
Constitution of the United States, notably in the establishment of the
Supreme Court and in the methods adopted for securing peace and good
relations among and between the different States, offers certain
valuable analogies to what should be striven for in order to secure,
through The Hague courts and conferences, a species of world
federation for international peace and justice. There are, of course,
fundamental differences between what the United States Constitution
does and what we should even attempt at this time to secure at The
Hague; but the methods adopted in the American Constitution to prevent
hostilities between the States, and to secure the supremacy of the
Federal Court in certain classes of cases, are well worth the study
of those who seek at The Hague to obtain the same results on a world
scale.
In the third place, something should be done as soon as possible to
check the growth of armaments, especially naval armaments, by
international agreement. No one Power could or should act by itself;
for it is eminently undesirable, from the standpoint of the peace of
righteousness, that a Power which really does believe in peace should
place itself at the mercy of some rival which may at bottom have no
such belief and no intention of acting on it. But, granted sincerity
of purpose, the great Powers of the world should find no
insurmountable difficulty in reaching an agreement which would put an
end to the present costly and growing extravagance of expenditure on
naval armaments. An agreement merely to limit the size of ships would
have been very useful a few years ago, and would still be of use; but
the agreement should go much further.
Finally, it would be a master stroke if those great Powers honestly
bent on peace would form a League of Peace, not only to keep the peace
among themselves, but to prevent, by force if necessary, its being
broken by others. The supreme difficulty in connection with developing
the peace work of The Hague arises from the lack of any executive
power, of any police power, to enforce the decrees of the court. In
any community of any size the authority of the courts rests upon
actual or potential force; on the existence of a police, or on the
knowledge that the able-bodied men of the country are both ready and
willing to see that the decrees of judicial and legislative bodies are
put into effect. In new and wild communities where there is violence,
an honest man must protect himself; and until other means of securing
his safety are devised, it is both foolish and wicked to persuade him
to surrender his arms while the men who are dangerous to the community
retain theirs. He should not renounce the right to protect himself by
his own efforts until the community is so organized that it can
effectively relieve the individual of the duty of putting down
violence. So it is with nations. Each nation must keep well prepared
to defend itself until the establishment of some form of international
police power, competent and willing to prevent violence as between
nations. As things are now, such power to command peace throughout the
world could best be assured by some combination between those great
nations which sincerely desire peace and have no thought themselves
of committing aggressions. The combination might at first be only to
secure peace within certain definite limits and certain definite
conditions; but the ruler or statesman who should bring about such a
combination would have earned his place in history for all time and
his title to the gratitude of all mankind.
An Address Delivered at Christiania, Norway, on the Evening of May 5,
When I first heard that I was to speak again this evening, my heart
failed me. But directly after hearing Mr. Bratlie[8] I feel that it is
a pleasure to say one or two things; and before saying them, let me
express my profound acknowledgment for your words. You have been not
only more than just but more than generous. Because I have been so
kindly treated, I am going to trespass on your kindness still further,
and say a word or two about my own actions while I was President. I do
not speak of them, my friends, save to illustrate the thesis that I
especially uphold, that the man who has the power to act is to be
judged not by his words but by his acts--by his words in so far as
they agree with his acts. All that I say about peace I wish to have
judged and measured by what I actually did as President.
[8] See the Introduction.--L.F.A.
I was particularly pleased by what you said about our course, the
course of the American people, in connection with the Philippines and
Cuba. I believe that we have the Cuban Minister here with us to-night?
[A voice: "Yes."] Well, then, we have a friend who can check off what
I am going to say. At the close of the war of '98 we found our army in
possession of Cuba, and man after man among the European diplomats of
the old school said to me: "Oh, you will never go out of Cuba. You
said you would, of course, but that is quite understood; nations don't
expect promises like that to be kept." As soon as I became President,
I said, "Now you will see that the promise will be kept." We appointed
a day when we would leave Cuba. On that day Cuba began its existence
as an independent republic. Later there came a disaster, there came a
revolution, and we were obliged to land troops again, while I was
President, and then the same gentlemen with whom I had conversed
before said: "Now you are relieved from your promise; your promise has
been kept, and now you will stay in Cuba." I answered: "No, we shall
not. We will keep the promise not only in the letter but in the
spirit. We will stay in Cuba to help it on its feet, and then we will
leave the island in better shape to maintain its permanent independent
existence." And before I left the Presidency Cuba resumed its career
as a separate republic, holding its head erect as a sovereign state
among the other nations of the earth. All that our people want is just
exactly what the Cuban people themselves want--that is, a continuance
of order within the island, and peace and prosperity, so that there
shall be no shadow of an excuse for any outside intervention.
We acted along the same general lines in the case of San Domingo. We
intervened only so far as to prevent the need of taking possession of
the island. None of you will know of this, so I will just tell you
briefly what it was that we did. The Republic of San Domingo, in the
West Indies, had suffered from a good many revolutions. In one
particular period when I had to deal with the island, while I was
President, it was a little difficult to know what to do, because there
were two separate governments in the island, and a revolution going on
against each. A number of dictators, under the title of President, had
seized power at different times, had borrowed money at exorbitant
rates of interest from Europeans and Americans, and had pledged the
custom-houses of the different towns to different countries; and the
chief object of each revolutionary was to get hold of the
custom-houses. Things got to such a pass that it became evident that
certain European Powers would land and take possession of parts of the
island. We then began negotiations with the Government of the island.
We sent down ships to keep within limits various preposterous little
manifestations of the revolutionary habit, and, after some
negotiations, we concluded an agreement. It was agreed that we should
put a man in as head of the custom-houses, that the collection of
customs should be entirely under the management of that man, and that
no one should be allowed to interfere with the custom-houses.
Revolutions could go on outside them without interference from us; but
the custom-houses were not to be touched. We agreed to turn over to
the San Domingo Government forty-five per cent. of the revenue,
keeping fifty-five per cent. as a fund to be applied to a settlement
with the creditors. The creditors also acquiesced in what we had done,
and we started the new arrangement. I found considerable difficulty
in getting the United States Senate to ratify the treaty, but I went
ahead anyhow and executed it until it was ratified. Finally it was
ratified, for the opposition was a purely factious opposition,
representing the smallest kind of politics with a leaven of even baser
motive. Under the treaty we have turned over to the San Domingo
Government forty-five per cent. of the revenues collected, and yet we
have turned over nearly double as much as they ever got when they
collected it _all_ themselves. In addition, we have collected
sufficient to make it certain that the creditors will receive every
cent to which they are entitled. It is self-evident, therefore, that
in this affair we gave a proof of our good faith. We might have taken
possession of San Domingo. Instead of thus taking possession, we put
into the custom-houses one head man and half a dozen assistants, to
see that the revenues were honestly collected, and at the same time
served notice that they should not be forcibly taken away; and the
result has been an extraordinary growth of the tranquillity and
prosperity of the islands, while at the same time the creditors are
equally satisfied, and all danger of outside interference has ceased.
That incident illustrates two things: First, if a nation acts in good
faith, it can often bring about peace without abridging the liberties
of another nation. Second, our experience emphasizes the fact (which
every Peace Association should remember) that the hysterical
sentimentalist for peace is a mighty poor person to follow. I was
actually assailed, right and left, by the more extreme members of the
peace propaganda in the United States for what I did in San Domingo;
most of the other professional peace advocates took no interest in the
matter, or were tepidly hostile; however, I went straight ahead and
did the job. The ultra-peace people attacked me on the ground that I
had "declared war" against San Domingo, the "war" taking the shape of
the one man put in charge of the custom-houses! This will seem to you
incredible, but I am giving you an absolutely accurate account of what
occurred. I disregarded those foolish people, as I shall always
disregard sentimentalists of that type when they are guilty of folly.
At the present we have comparative peace and prosperity in the island,
in consequence of my action, and of my disregard of these self-styled
advocates of peace.
The same reasoning applies in connection with what we did at the
Isthmus of Panama, and what we are doing in the Philippines. Our
colonial problems in the Philippines are not the same as the colonial
problems of other Powers. We have in the Philippines a people mainly
Asiatic in blood, but with a streak of European blood and with the
traditions of European culture, so that their ideals are largely the
ideals of Europe. At the moment when we entered the islands the people
were hopelessly unable to stand alone. If we had abandoned the
islands, we should have left them a prey to anarchy for some months,
and then they would have been seized by some other Power ready to
perform the task that we had not been able to perform. Now I hold that
it is not worth while being a big nation if you cannot do a big task;
I care not whether that task is digging the Panama Canal or handling
the Philippines. In the Philippines I feel that the day will
ultimately come when the Philippine people must settle for themselves
whether they wish to be entirely independent, or in some shape to keep
up a connection with us. The day has not yet come; it may not come for
a generation or two. One of the greatest friends that liberty has ever
had, the great British statesman Burke, said on one occasion that
there must always be government, and that if there is not government
from within, then it must be supplied from without. A child has to be
governed from without, because it has not yet grown to a point when it
can govern itself from within; and a people that shows itself totally
unable to govern itself from within must expect to submit to more or
less of government from without, because it cannot continue to exist
on other terms--indeed, it cannot be permitted permanently to exist as
a source of danger to other nations. Our aim in the Philippines is to
train the people so that they may govern themselves from within. Until
they have reached this point they cannot have self-government. I will
never advocate self-government for a people so long as their
self-government means crime, violence, and extortion, corruption
within, lawlessness among themselves and towards others. If that is
what self-government means to any people then they ought to be
governed by others until they can do better.
What I have related represents a measure of practical achievement in
the way of helping forward the cause of peace and justice, and of
giving to different peoples freedom of action according to the
capacities of each. It is not possible, as the world is now
constituted, to treat every nation as one private individual can treat
all other private individuals, because as yet there is no way of
enforcing obedience to law among nations as there is among private
individuals. If in the streets of this city a man walks about with the
intent to kill somebody, if he manages his house so that it becomes a
source of infection to the neighborhood, the community, with its law
officers, deals with him forthwith. That is just what happened at
Panama, and, as nobody else was able to deal with the matter, I dealt
with it myself, on behalf of the United States Government, and now the
Canal is being dug, and the people of Panama have their independence
and a prosperity hitherto unknown in that country.
In the end, I firmly believe that some method will be devised by which
the people of the world, as a whole, will be able to insure peace, as
it cannot now be insured. How soon that end will come I do not know;
it may be far distant; and until it does come I think that, while we
should give all the support that we can to any possible feasible
scheme for quickly bringing about such a state of affairs, yet we
should meanwhile do the more practicable, though less sensational,
things. Let us advance step by step; let us, for example, endeavor to
increase the number of arbitration treaties and enlarge the methods
for obtaining peaceful settlements. Above all, let us strive to awaken
the public international conscience, so that it shall be expected, and
expected efficiently, of the public men responsible for the management
of any nation's affairs that those affairs shall be conducted with all
proper regard for the interests and well-being of other Powers, great
or small.
An Address Delivered at the University of Berlin, May 12, 1910
I very highly appreciate the chance to address the University of
Berlin in the year that closes its first centenary of existence. It is
difficult for you in the Old World fully to appreciate the feelings of
a man who comes from a nation still in the making, to a country with
an immemorial historic past; and especially is this the case when that
country, with its ancient past behind it, yet looks with proud
confidence into the future, and in the present shows all the abounding
vigor of lusty youth. Such is the case with Germany. More than a
thousand years have passed since the Roman Empire of the West became
in fact a German Empire. Throughout mediæval times the Empire and the
Papacy were the two central features in the history of the Occident.
With the Ottos and the Henrys began the slow rise of that Western
life which has shaped modern Europe, and therefore ultimately the
whole modern world. Their task was to organize society and to keep it
from crumbling to pieces. They were castle-builders, city-founders,
road-makers; they battled to bring order out of the seething
turbulence around them; and at the same time they first beat back
heathendom and then slowly wrested from it its possessions.
After the downfall of Rome and the breaking in sunder of the Roman
Empire, the first real crystallization of the forces that were working
for a new uplift of civilization in Western Europe was round the
Karling House, and, above all, round the great Emperor, Karl the
Great, the seat of whose Empire was at Aachen. Under the Karlings the
Arab and the Moor were driven back beyond the Pyrenees; the last of
the old heathen Germans were forced into Christianity, and the Avars,
wild horsemen from the Asian steppes, who had long held tented
dominion in Middle Europe, were utterly destroyed. With the break-up
of the Karling Empire came chaos once more, and a fresh inrush of
savagery: Vikings from the frozen North, and new hordes of outlandish
riders from Asia. It was the early Emperors of Germany proper who
quelled these barbarians; in their time Dane and Norseman and Magyar
became Christians, and most of the Slav peoples as well, so that
Europe began to take on a shape which we can recognize to-day. Since
then the centuries have rolled by, with strange alternations of
fortune, now well-nigh barren, and again great with German achievement
in arms and in government, in science and the arts. The centre of
power shifted hither and thither within German lands; the great house
of Hohenzollern rose, the house which has at last seen Germany spring
into a commanding position in the very forefront among the nations of
mankind.
To this ancient land, with its glorious past and splendid present, to
this land of many memories and of eager hopes, I come from a young
nation, which is by blood akin to, and yet different from, each of the
great nations of Middle and Western Europe; which has inherited or
acquired much from each, but is changing and developing every
inheritance and acquisition into something new and strange. The German
strain in our blood is large, for almost from the beginning there has
been a large German element among the successive waves of newcomers
whose children's children have been and are being fused into the
American nation; and I myself trace my origin to that branch of the
Low Dutch stock which raised Holland out of the North Sea. Moreover,
we have taken from you, not only much of the blood that runs through
our veins, but much of the thought that shapes our minds. For
generations American scholars have flocked to your universities, and,
thanks to the wise foresight of his Imperial Majesty the present
Emperor, the intimate and friendly connection between the two
countries is now in every way closer than it has ever been before.
Germany is pre-eminently a country in which the world movement of
to-day in all of its multitudinous aspects is plainly visible. The
life of this University covers the period during which that movement
has spread until it is felt throughout every continent; while its
velocity has been constantly accelerating, so that the face of the
world has changed, and is now changing, as never before. It is
therefore fit and appropriate here to speak on this subject.
When, in the slow procession of the ages, man was developed on this
planet, the change worked by his appearance was at first slight.
Further ages passed, while he groped and struggled by infinitesimal
degrees upward through the lower grades of savagery; for the general
law is that life which is advanced and complex, whatever its nature,
changes more quickly than simpler and less advanced forms. The life of
savages changes and advances with extreme slowness, and groups of
savages influence one another but little. The first rudimentary
beginnings of that complex life of communities which we call
civilization marked a period when man had already long been by far the
most important creature on the planet. The history of the living world
had become, in fact, the history of man, and therefore something
totally different in kind as well as in degree from what it had been
before. There are interesting analogies between what has gone on in
the development of life generally and what has gone on in the
development of human society, and these I shall discuss elsewhere.[9]
But the differences are profound, and go to the root of things.
[9] In the Romanes Lecture at Oxford.--L.F.A.
Throughout their early stages the movements of civilization--for,
properly speaking, there was no one movement--were very slow, were
local in space, and were partial in the sense that each developed
along but few lines. Of the numberless years that covered these early
stages we have no record. They were the years that saw such
extraordinary discoveries and inventions as fire, and the wheel, and
the bow, and the domestication of animals. So local were these
inventions that at the present day there yet linger savage tribes,
still fixed in the half-bestial life of an infinitely remote past, who
know none of them except fire--and the discovery and use of fire may
have marked, not the beginning of civilization, but the beginning of
the savagery which separated man from brute.
Even after civilization and culture had achieved a relatively high
position, they were still purely local, and from this fact subject to
violent shocks. Modern research has shown the existence in prehistoric
or, at least, protohistoric times of many peoples who, in given
localities, achieved a high and peculiar culture, a culture that was
later so completely destroyed that it is difficult to say what, if
any, traces it left on the subsequent cultures out of which we have
developed our own; while it is also difficult to say exactly how much
any one of these cultures influenced any other. In many cases, as
where invaders with weapons of bronze or iron conquered the neolithic
peoples, the higher civilization completely destroyed the lower
civilization, or barbarism, with which it came in contact. In other
cases, while superiority in culture gave its possessors at the
beginning a marked military and governmental superiority over the
neighboring peoples, yet sooner or later there accompanied it a
certain softness or enervating quality which left the cultured folk at
the mercy of the stark and greedy neighboring tribes, in whose savage
souls cupidity gradually overcame terror and awe. Then the people that
had been struggling upward would be engulfed, and the levelling waves
of barbarism wash over them. But we are not yet in position to speak
definitely on these matters. It is only the researches of recent years
that have enabled us so much as to guess at the course of events in
prehistoric Greece; while as yet we can hardly even hazard a guess as
to how, for instance, the Hallstadt culture rose and fell, or as to
the history and fate of the builders of those strange ruins of which
Stonehenge is the type.
The first civilizations which left behind them clear records rose in
that hoary historic past which geologically is part of the immediate
present--and which is but a span's length from the present, even when
compared only with the length of time that man has lived on this
planet. These first civilizations were those which rose in Mesopotamia
and the Nile valley some six or eight thousand years ago. As far as we
can see, they were well-nigh independent centres of cultural
development, and our knowledge is not such at present as to enable us
to connect either with the early cultural movements, in southwestern
Europe on the one hand, or in India on the other, or with that Chinese
civilization which has been so profoundly affected by Indian
influences.
Compared with the civilizations with which we are best acquainted, the
striking features in the Mesopotamian and Nilotic civilizations were
the length of time they endured and their comparative changelessness.
The kings, priests, and peoples who dwelt by the Nile or Euphrates are
found thinking much the same thoughts, doing much the same deeds,
leaving at least very similar records, while time passes in tens of
centuries. Of course there was change; of course there were action and
reaction in influence between them and their neighbors; and the
movement of change, of development, material, mental, spiritual, was
much faster than anything that had occurred during the æons of mere
savagery. But in contradistinction to modern times the movement was
very slow indeed, and, moreover, in each case it was strongly
localized; while the field of endeavor was narrow. There were certain
conquests by man over nature; there were certain conquests in the
domain of pure intellect; there were certain extensions which spread
the area of civilized mankind. But it would be hard to speak of it as
a "world movement" at all; for by far the greater part of the
habitable globe was not only unknown, but its existence unguessed at,
so far as peoples with any civilization whatsoever were concerned.
With the downfall of these ancient civilizations there sprang into
prominence those peoples with whom our own cultural history may be
said to begin. Those ideas and influences in our lives which we can
consciously trace back at all are in the great majority of instances
to be traced to the Jew, the Greek, or the Roman; and the ordinary
man, when he speaks of the nations of antiquity, has in mind
specifically these three peoples--although, judged even by the history
of which we have record, theirs is a very modern antiquity indeed.
The case of the Jew was quite exceptional. His was a small nation, of
little more consequence than the sister nations of Moab and Damascus,
until all three, and the other petty states of the country, fell under
the yoke of the alien. Then he survived, while all his fellows died.
In the spiritual domain he contributed a religion which has been the
most potent of all factors in its effect on the subsequent history of
mankind; but none of his other contributions compare with the legacies
left us by the Greek and the Roman.
The Græco-Roman world saw a civilization far more brilliant, far more
varied and intense, than any that had gone before it, and one that
affected a far larger share of the world's surface. For the first time
there began to be something which at least foreshadowed a "world
movement" in the sense that it affected a considerable portion of the
world's surface and that it represented what was incomparably the most
important of all that was happening in world history at the time. In
breadth and depth the field of intellectual interest had greatly
broadened at the same time that the physical area affected by the
civilization had similarly extended. Instead of a civilization
affecting only one river valley or one nook of the Mediterranean,
there was a civilization which directly or indirectly influenced
mankind from the Desert of Sahara to the Baltic, from the Atlantic
Ocean to the westernmost mountain chains that spring from the
Himalayas. Throughout most of this region there began to work certain
influences which, though with widely varying intensity, did
nevertheless tend to affect a large portion of mankind. In many of the
forms of science, in almost all the forms of art, there was great
activity. In addition to great soldiers there were great
administrators and statesmen whose concern was with the fundamental
questions of social and civil life. Nothing like the width and variety
of intellectual achievement and understanding had ever before been
known; and for the first time we come across great intellectual
leaders, great philosophers and writers, whose works are a part of all
that is highest in modern thought, whose writings are as alive to-day
as when they were first issued; and there were others of even more
daring and original temper, a philosopher like Democritus, a poet like
Lucretius, whose minds leaped ahead through the centuries and saw what
none of their contemporaries saw, but who were so hampered by their
surroundings that it was physically impossible for them to leave to
the later world much concrete addition to knowledge. The civilization
was one of comparatively rapid change, viewed by the standard of
Babylon and Memphis. There was incessant movement; and, moreover, the
whole system went down with a crash to seeming destruction after a
period short compared with that covered by the reigns of a score of
Egyptian dynasties, or with the time that elapsed between a Babylonian
defeat by Elam and a war sixteen centuries later which fully avenged
This civilization flourished with brilliant splendor. Then it fell. In
its northern seats it was overwhelmed by a wave of barbarism from
among those half-savage peoples from whom you and I, my hearers, trace
our descent. In the south and east it was destroyed later, but far
more thoroughly, by invaders of an utterly different type. Both
conquests were of great importance; but it was the northern conquest
which in its ultimate effects was of by far the greatest importance.
With the advent of the Dark Ages the movement of course ceased, and it
did not begin anew for many centuries; while a thousand years passed
before it was once more in full swing, so far as European
civilization, so far as the world civilization of to-day, is
concerned. During all those centuries the civilized world, in our
acceptation of the term, was occupied, as its chief task, in slowly
climbing back to the position from which it had fallen after the age
of the Antonines. Of course a general statement like this must be
accepted with qualifications. There is no hard and fast line between
one age or period and another, and in no age is either progress or
retrogression universal in all things. There were many points in which
the Middle Ages, because of the simple fact that they were Christian,
surpassed the brilliant pagan civilization of the past; and there are
some points in which the civilization that succeeded them has sunk
below the level of the ages which saw such mighty masterpieces of
poetry, of architecture--especially cathedral architecture--and of
serene spiritual and forceful lay leadership. But they were centuries
of violence, rapine, and cruel injustice; and truth was so little
heeded that the noble and daring spirits who sought it, especially in
its scientific form, did so in deadly peril of the fagot and the
halter.
During this period there were several very important extra-European
movements, one or two of which deeply affected Europe. Islam arose,
and conquered far and wide, uniting fundamentally different races into
a brotherhood of feeling which Christianity has never been able to
rival, and at the time of the Crusades profoundly influencing European
culture. It produced a civilization of its own, brilliant and here and
there useful, but hopelessly limited when compared with the
civilization of which we ourselves are the heirs. The great cultured
peoples of southeastern and eastern Asia continued their checkered
development totally unaffected by, and without knowledge of, any
European influence.
Throughout the whole period there came against Europe, out of the
unknown wastes of central Asia, an endless succession of strange and
terrible conqueror races whose mission was mere destruction--Hun and
Avar, Mongol, Tartar, and Turk. These fierce and squalid tribes of
warrior horsemen flailed mankind with red scourges, wasted and
destroyed, and then vanished from the ground they had overrun. But in
no way worth noting did they count in the advance of mankind.
At last, a little over four hundred years ago, the movement towards a
world civilization took up its interrupted march. The beginning of the
modern movement may roughly be taken as synchronizing with the
discovery of printing, and with that series of bold sea ventures which
culminated in the discovery of America; and after these two epochal
feats had begun to produce their full effects in material and
intellectual life, it became inevitable that civilization should
thereafter differ not only in degree but even in kind from all that
had gone before. Immediately after the voyages of Columbus and Vasco
da Gama there began a tremendous religious ferment; the awakening of
intellect went hand in hand with the moral uprising; the great names
of Copernicus, Bruno, Kepler, and Galileo show that the mind of man
was breaking the fetters that had cramped it; and for the first time
experimentation was used as a check upon observation and theorization.
Since then, century by century, the changes have increased in rapidity
and complexity, and have attained their maximum in both respects
during the century just past. Instead of being directed by one or two
dominant peoples, as was the case with all similar movements of the
past, the new movement was shared by many different nations. From
every standpoint it has been of infinitely greater moment than
anything hitherto seen. Not in one but in many different peoples there
has been extraordinary growth in wealth, in population, in power of
organization, and in mastery over mechanical activity and natural
resources. All of this has been accompanied and signalized by an
immense outburst of energy and restless initiative. The result is as
varied as it is striking.
In the first place, representatives of this civilization, by their
conquest of space, were enabled to spread into all the practically
vacant continents, while at the same time, by their triumphs in
organization and mechanical invention, they acquired an unheard-of
military superiority as compared with their former rivals. To these
two facts is primarily due the further fact that for the first time
there is really something that approaches a world civilization, a
world movement. The spread of the European peoples since the days of
Ferdinand the Catholic and Ivan the Terrible has been across every sea
and over every continent. In places the conquests have been ethnic;
that is, there has been a new wandering of the peoples, and new
commonwealths have sprung up in which the people are entirely or
mainly of European blood. This is what happened in the temperate and
sub-tropical regions of the Western Hemisphere, in Australia, in
portions of northern Asia and southern Africa. In other places the
conquest has been purely political, the Europeans representing for the
most part merely a small caste of soldiers and administrators, as in
most of tropical Asia and Africa and in much of tropical America.
Finally, here and there instances occur where there has been no
conquest at all, but where an alien people is profoundly and radically
changed by the mere impact of Western civilization. The most
extraordinary instance of this, of course, is Japan; for Japan's
growth and change during the last half-century has been in many ways
the most striking phenomenon of all history. Intensely proud of her
past history, intensely loyal to certain of her past traditions, she
has yet with a single effort wrenched herself free from all hampering
ancient ties, and with a bound has taken her place among the leading
civilized nations of mankind.
There are of course many grades between these different types of
influence, but the net outcome of what has occurred during the last
four centuries is that civilization of the European type now exercises
a more or less profound effect over practically the entire world.
There are nooks and corners to which it has not yet penetrated; but
there is at present no large space of territory in which the general
movement of civilized activity does not make itself more or less felt.
This represents something wholly different from what has ever hitherto
been seen. In the greatest days of Roman dominion the influence of
Rome was felt over only a relatively small portion of the world's
surface. Over much the larger part of the world the process of change
and development was absolutely unaffected by anything that occurred in
the Roman Empire; and those communities the play of whose influence
was felt in action and reaction, and in inter-action, among
themselves, were grouped immediately around the Mediterranean. Now,
however, the whole world is bound together as never before; the bonds
are sometimes those of hatred rather than love, but they are bonds
nevertheless.
Frowning or hopeful, every man of leadership in any line of thought or
effort must now look beyond the limits of his own country. The student
of sociology may live in Berlin or St. Petersburg, Rome or London, or
he may live in Melbourne or San Francisco or Buenos Aires; but in
whatever city he lives, he must pay heed to the studies of men who
live in each of the other cities. When in America we study labor
problems and attempt to deal with subjects such as life insurance for
wage-workers, we turn to see what you do here in Germany, and we also
turn to see what the far-off commonwealth of New Zealand is doing.
When a great German scientist is warring against the most dreaded
enemies of mankind, creatures of infinitesimal size which the
microscope reveals in his blood, he may spend his holidays of study in
central Africa or in eastern Asia; and he must know what is
accomplished in the laboratories of Tokyo, just as he must know the
details of that practical application of science which has changed the
Isthmus of Panama from a death-trap into what is almost a health
resort. Every progressive in China is striving to introduce Western
methods of education and administration, and hundreds of European and
American books are now translated into Chinese. The influence of
European governmental principles is strikingly illustrated by the fact
that admiration for them has broken down the iron barriers of Moslem
conservatism, so that their introduction has become a burning question
in Turkey and Persia; while the very unrest, the impatience of
European or American control, in India, Egypt, or the Philippines,
takes the form of demanding that the government be assimilated more
closely to what it is in England or the United States. The deeds and
works of any great statesman, the preachings of any great ethical,
social, or political teacher, now find echoes in both hemispheres and
in every continent. From a new discovery in science to a new method of
combating or applying Socialism, there is no movement of note which
can take place in any part of the globe without powerfully affecting
masses of people in Europe, America, and Australia, in Asia and
Africa. For weal or for woe, the peoples of mankind are knit together
far closer than ever before.
So much for the geographical side of the expansion of modern
civilization. But only a few of the many and intense activities of
modern civilization have found their expression on this side. The
movement has been just as striking in its conquest over natural
forces, in its searching inquiry into and about the soul of things.
The conquest over Nature has included an extraordinary increase in
every form of knowledge of the world we live in, and also an
extraordinary increase in the power of utilizing the forces of
Nature. In both directions the advance has been very great during the
past four or five centuries, and in both directions it has gone on
with ever-increasing rapidity during the last century. After the great
age of Rome had passed, the boundaries of knowledge shrank, and in
many cases it was not until well-nigh our own times that her domain
was once again pushed beyond the ancient landmarks. About the year 150
A.D., Ptolemy, the geographer, published his map of central Africa and
the sources of the Nile, and this map was more accurate than any which
we had as late as 1850 A.D. More was known of physical science, and
more of the truth about the physical world was guessed at, in the days
of Pliny, than was known or guessed until the modern movement began.
The case was the same as regards military science. At the close of the
Middle Ages the weapons were what they had always been--sword, shield,
bow, spear; and any improvement in them was more than offset by the
loss in knowledge of military organization, in the science of war, and
in military leadership since the days of Hannibal and Cæsar. A hundred
years ago, when this University was founded, the methods of
transportation did not differ in the essentials from what they had
been among the highly civilized nations of antiquity. Travellers and
merchandise went by land in wheeled vehicles or on beasts of burden,
and by sea in boats propelled by sails or by oars; and news was
conveyed as it always had been conveyed. What improvements there had
been had been in degree only and not in kind; and in some respects
there had been retrogression rather than advance. There were many
parts of Europe where the roads were certainly worse than the old
Roman post-roads; and the Mediterranean Sea, for instance, was by no
means as well policed as in the days of Trajan. Now steam and
electricity have worked a complete revolution; and the resulting
immensely increased ease of communication has in its turn completely
changed all the physical questions of human life. A voyage from Egypt
to England was nearly as serious an affair in the eighteenth century
as in the second; and the news communications between the two lands
were not materially improved. A graduate of your University to-day can
go to mid-Asia or mid-Africa with far less consciousness of performing
a feat of note than would have been the case a hundred years ago with
a student who visited Sicily and Andalusia. Moreover, the invention
and use of machinery run by steam or electricity have worked a
revolution in industry as great as the revolution in transportation;
so that here again the difference between ancient and modern
civilization is one not merely of degree but of kind. In many vital
respects the huge modern city differs more from all preceding cities
than any of these differed one from the other; and the giant factory
town is of and by itself one of the most formidable problems of modern
Steam and electricity have given the race dominion over land and water
such as it never had before; and now the conquest of the air is
directly impending. As books preserve thought through time, so the
telegraph and the telephone transmit it through the space they
annihilate, and therefore minds are swayed one by another without
regard to the limitations of space and time which formerly forced each
community to work in comparative isolation. It is the same with the
body as with the brain. The machinery of the factory and the farm
enormously multiplies bodily skill and vigor. Countless trained
intelligences are at work to teach us how to avoid or counteract the
effects of waste. Of course some of the agents in the modern
scientific development of natural resources deal with resources of
such a kind that their development means their destruction, so that
exploitation on a grand scale means an intense rapidity of development
purchased at the cost of a speedy exhaustion. The enormous and
constantly increasing output of coal and iron necessarily means the
approach of the day when our children's children, or their children's
children, shall dwell in an ironless age--and, later on, in an age
without coal--and will have to try to invent or develop new sources
for the production of heat and use of energy. But as regards many
another natural resource, scientific civilization teaches us how to
preserve it through use. The best use of field and forest will leave
them decade by decade, century by century, more fruitful; and we have
barely begun to use the indestructible power that comes from harnessed
water. The conquests of surgery, of medicine, the conquests in the
entire field of hygiene and sanitation, have been literally
marvellous; the advances in the past century or two have been over
more ground than was covered during the entire previous history of the
human race.
The advances in the realm of pure intellect have been of equal note,
and they have been both intensive and extensive. Great virgin fields
of learning and wisdom have been discovered by the few, and at the
same time knowledge has spread among the many to a degree never
dreamed of before. Old men among us have seen in their own generation
the rise of the first rational science of the evolution of life. The
astronomer and the chemist, the psychologist and the historian, and
all their brethren in many different fields of wide endeavor, work
with a training and knowledge and method which are in effect
instruments of precision, differentiating their labors from the labors
of their predecessors as the rifle is differentiated from the bow.
The play of new forces is as evident in the moral and spiritual world
as in the world of the mind and the body. Forces for good and forces
for evil are everywhere evident, each acting with a hundred- or a
thousand-fold the intensity with which it acted in former ages. Over
the whole earth the swing of the pendulum grows more and more rapid,
the main-spring coils and spreads at a rate constantly quickening, the
whole world movement is of constantly accelerating velocity.
In this movement there are signs of much that bodes ill. The
machinery is so highly geared, the tension and strain are so great,
the effort and the output have alike so increased, that there is cause
to dread the ruin that would come from any great accident, from any
breakdown, and also the ruin that may come from the mere wearing out
of the machine itself. The only previous civilization with which our
modern civilization can be in any way compared is that period of
Græco-Roman civilization extending, say, from the Athens of
Themistocles to the Rome of Marcus Aurelius. Many of the forces and
tendencies which were then at work are at work now. Knowledge, luxury,
and refinement, wide material conquests, territorial administration on
a vast scale, an increase in the mastery of mechanical appliances and
in applied science--all these mark our civilization as they marked the
wonderful civilization that flourished in the Mediterranean lands
twenty centuries ago; and they preceded the downfall of the older
civilization. Yet the differences are many, and some of them are quite
as striking as the similarities. The single fact that the old
civilization was based upon slavery shows the chasm that separates the
two. Let me point out one further and very significant difference in
the development of the two civilizations, a difference so obvious that
it is astonishing that it has not been dwelt upon by men of letters.
One of the prime dangers of civilization has always been its tendency
to cause the loss of virile fighting virtues, of the fighting edge.
When men get too comfortable and lead too luxurious lives, there is
always danger lest the softness eat like an acid into their manliness
of fibre. The barbarian, because of the very conditions of his life,
is forced to keep and develop certain hardy qualities which the man of
civilization tends to lose, whether he be clerk, factory hand,
merchant, or even a certain type of farmer. Now I will not assert that
in modern civilized society these tendencies have been wholly
overcome; but there has been a much more successful effort to overcome
them than was the case in the early civilizations. This is curiously
shown by the military history of the Græco-Roman period as compared
with the history of the last four or five centuries here in Europe and
among nations of European descent. In the Grecian and Roman military
history the change was steadily from a citizen army to an army of
mercenaries. In the days of the early greatness of Athens, Thebes,
and Sparta, in the days when the Roman Republic conquered what world
it knew, the armies were filled with citizen soldiers. But gradually
the citizens refused to serve in the armies, or became unable to
render good service. The Greek states described by Polybius, with but
few exceptions, hired others to do their fighting for them. The Romans
of the days of Augustus had utterly ceased to furnish any cavalry, and
were rapidly ceasing to furnish any infantry, to the legions and
cohorts. When the civilization came to an end, there were no longer
citizens in the ranks of the soldiers. The change from the citizen
army to the army of mercenaries had been completed.
Now, the exact reverse has been the case with us in modern times. A
few centuries ago the mercenary soldier was the principal figure in
most armies, and in great numbers of cases the mercenary soldier was
an alien. In the wars of religion in France, in the Thirty Years' War
in Germany, in the wars that immediately thereafter marked the
beginning of the break-up of the great Polish Kingdom, the regiments
and brigades of foreign soldiers formed a striking and leading feature
in every army. Too often the men of the country in which the fighting
took place played merely the ignoble part of victims, the burghers and
peasants appearing in but limited numbers in the mercenary armies by
which they were plundered. Gradually this has all changed, until now
practically every army is a citizen army, and the mercenary has almost
disappeared, while the army exists on a vaster scale than ever before
in history. This is so among the military monarchies of Europe. In our
own Civil War of the United States the same thing occurred, peaceful
people as we are. At that time more than two generations had passed
since the War of Independence. During the whole of that period the
people had been engaged in no life-and-death struggle; and yet, when
the Civil War broke out, and after some costly and bitter lessons at
the beginning, the fighting spirit of the people was shown to better
advantage than ever before. The war was peculiarly a war for a
principle, a war waged by each side for an ideal, and while faults and
shortcomings were plentiful among the combatants, there was
comparatively little sordidness of motive or conduct. In such a giant
struggle, where across the warp of so many interests is shot the woof
of so many purposes, dark strands and bright, strands sombre and
brilliant, are always intertwined; inevitably there was corruption
here and there in the Civil War; but all the leaders on both sides,
and the great majority of the enormous masses of fighting men, wholly
disregarded, and were wholly uninfluenced by, pecuniary
considerations. There were of course foreigners who came over to serve
as soldiers of fortune for money or for love of adventure; but the
foreign-born citizens served in much the same proportion, and from the
same motives, as the native-born. Taken as a whole, it was, even more
than the Revolutionary War, a true citizens' fight, and the armies of
Grant and Lee were as emphatically citizen armies as Athenian, Theban,
or Spartan armies in the great age of Greece, or as a Roman army in
the days of the Republic.
Another striking contrast in the course of modern civilization as
compared with the later stages of the Græco-Roman or classic
civilization is to be found in the relations of wealth and politics.
In classic times, as the civilization advanced toward its zenith,
politics became a recognized means of accumulating great wealth. Cæsar
was again and again on the verge of bankruptcy; he spent an enormous
fortune; and he recouped himself by the money which he made out of
his political-military career. Augustus established Imperial Rome on
firm foundations by the use he made of the huge fortune he had
acquired by plunder. What a contrast is offered by the careers of
Washington and Lincoln! There were a few exceptions in ancient days;
but the immense majority of the Greeks and the Romans, as their
civilizations culminated, accepted money-making on a large scale as
one of the incidents of a successful public career. Now all of this is
in sharp contrast to what has happened within the last two or three
centuries. During this time there has been a steady growth away from
the theory that money-making is permissible in an honorable public
career. In this respect the standard has been constantly elevated, and
things which statesmen had no hesitation in doing three centuries or
two centuries ago, and which did not seriously hurt a public career
even a century ago, are now utterly impossible. Wealthy men still
exercise a large, and sometimes an improper, influence in politics,
but it is apt to be an indirect influence; and in the advanced states
the mere suspicion that the wealth of public men is obtained or added
to as an incident of their public careers will bar them from public
life. Speaking generally, wealth may very greatly influence modern
political life, but it is not acquired in political life. The colonial
administrators, German or American, French or English, of this
generation lead careers which, as compared with the careers of other
men of like ability, show too little rather than too much regard for
money-making; and literally a world scandal would be caused by conduct
which a Roman proconsul would have regarded as moderate, and which
would not have been especially uncommon even in the administration of
England a century and a half ago. On the whole, the great statesmen of
the last few generations have been either men of moderate means, or,
if men of wealth, men whose wealth was diminished rather than
increased by their public services.
I have dwelt on these points merely because it is well to emphasize in
the most emphatic fashion the fact that in many respects there is a
complete lack of analogy between the civilization of to-day and the
only other civilization in any way comparable to it, that of the
ancient Græco-Roman lands. There are, of course, many points in which
the analogy is close, and in some of these points the resemblances
are as ominous as they are striking. But most striking of all is the
fact that in point of physical extent, of wide diversity of interest,
and of extreme velocity of movement, the present civilization can be
compared to nothing that has ever gone before. It is now literally a
world movement, and the movement is growing ever more rapid and is
ever reaching into new fields. Any considerable influence exerted at
one point is certain to be felt with greater or less effect at almost
every other point. Every path of activity open to the human intellect
is followed with an eagerness and success never hitherto dreamed of.
We have established complete liberty of conscience, and, in
consequence, a complete liberty for mental activity. All free and
daring souls have before them a well-nigh limitless opening for
endeavor of any kind.
Hitherto every civilization that has arisen has been able to develop
only a comparatively few activities; that is, its field of endeavor
has been limited in kind as well as in locality. There have, of
course, been great movements, but they were of practically only one
form of activity; and although usually this set in motion other kinds
of activities, such was not always the case. The great religious
movements have been the pre-eminent examples of this type. But they
are not the only ones. Such peoples as the Mongols and the
Phoenicians, at almost opposite poles of cultivation, have represented
movements in which one element, military or commercial, so
overshadowed all other elements that the movement died out chiefly
because it was one-sided. The extraordinary outburst of activity among
the Mongols of the thirteenth century was almost purely a military
movement, without even any great administrative side; and it was
therefore well-nigh purely a movement of destruction. The individual
prowess and hardihood of the Mongols, and the perfection of their
military organization, rendered their armies incomparably superior to
those of any European, or any other Asiatic, power of that day. They
conquered from the Yellow Sea to the Persian Gulf and the Adriatic;
they seized the Imperial throne of China; they slew the Caliph in
Bagdad; they founded dynasties in India. The fanaticism of
Christianity and the fanaticism of Mohammedanism were alike powerless
against them. The valor of the bravest fighting men in Europe was
impotent to check them. They trampled Russia into bloody mire beneath
the hoofs of their horses; they drew red furrows of destruction across
Poland and Hungary; they overthrew with ease any force from western
Europe that dared encounter them. Yet they had no root of permanence;
their work was mere evil while it lasted, and it did not last long;
and when they vanished they left hardly a trace behind them. So the
extraordinary Phoenician civilization was almost purely a mercantile,
a business civilization, and though it left an impress on the life
that came after, this impress was faint indeed compared to that left,
for instance, by the Greeks with their many-sided development. Yet the
Greek civilization itself fell, because this many-sided development
became too exclusively one of intellect, at the expense of character,
at the expense of the fundamental qualities which fit men to govern
both themselves and others. When the Greek lost the sterner virtues,
when his soldiers lost the fighting edge, and his statesmen grew
corrupt, while the people became a faction-torn and pleasure-loving
rabble, then the doom of Greece was at hand, and not all their
cultivation, their intellectual brilliancy, their artistic
development, their adroitness in speculative science, could save the
Hellenic peoples as they bowed before the sword of the iron Roman.
What is the lesson to us to-day? Are we to go the way of the older
civilizations? The immense increase in the area of civilized activity
to-day, so that it is nearly coterminous with the world's surface; the
immense increase in the multitudinous variety of its activities; the
immense increase in the velocity of the world movement--are all these
to mean merely that the crash will be all the more complete and
terrible when it comes? We cannot be certain that the answer will be
in the negative; but of this we can be certain, that we shall not go
down in ruin unless we deserve and earn our end. There is no necessity
for us to fall; we can hew out our destiny for ourselves, if only we
have the wit and the courage and the honesty.
Personally, I do not believe that our civilization will fall. I think
that on the whole we have grown better and not worse. I think that on
the whole the future holds more for us than even the great past has
held. But, assuredly, the dreams of golden glory in the future will
not come true unless, high of heart and strong of hand, by our own
mighty deeds we make them come true. We cannot afford to develop any
one set of qualities, any one set of activities, at the cost of seeing
others, equally necessary, atrophied. Neither the military efficiency
of the Mongol, the extraordinary business ability of the Phoenician,
nor the subtle and polished intellect of the Greek availed to avert
We, the men of to-day and of the future, need many qualities if we are
to do our work well. We need, first of all and most important of all,
the qualities which stand at the base of individual, of family life,
the fundamental and essential qualities--the homely, every-day,
all-important virtues. If the average man will not work, if he has not
in him the will and the power to be a good husband and father; if the
average woman is not a good housewife, a good mother of many healthy
children, then the State will topple, will go down, no matter what may
be its brilliance of artistic development or material achievement. But
these homely qualities are not enough. There must, in addition, be
that power of organization, that power of working in common for a
common end, which the German people have shown in such signal fashion
during the last half-century. Moreover, the things of the spirit are
even more important than the things of the body. We can well do
without the hard intolerance and and barrenness of what was worst
in the theological systems of the past, but there has never been
greater need of a high and fine religious spirit than at the
present time. So, while we can laugh good-humoredly at some of the
pretensions of modern philosophy in its various branches, it would be
worse than folly on our part to ignore our need of intellectual
leadership. Your own great Frederick once said that if he wished to
punish a province he would leave it to be governed by philosophers;
the sneer had in it an element of justice; and yet no one better than
the great Frederick knew the value of philosophers, the value of men
of science, men of letters, men of art. It would be a bad thing indeed
to accept Tolstoy as a guide in social and moral matters; but it would
also be a bad thing not to have Tolstoy, not to profit by the lofty
side of his teachings. There are plenty of scientific men whose hard
arrogance, whose cynical materialism, whose dogmatic intolerance, put
them on a level with the bigoted mediæval ecclesiasticism which they
denounce. Yet our debt to scientific men is incalculable, and our
civilization of to-day would have reft from it all that which most
highly distinguishes it if the work of the great masters of science
during the past four centuries were now undone or forgotten. Never has
philanthropy, humanitarianism, seen such development as now; and
though we must all beware of the folly, and the viciousness no worse
than folly, which marks the believer in the perfectibility of man when
his heart runs away with his head, or when vanity usurps the place of
conscience, yet we must remember also that it is only by working along
the lines laid down by the philanthropists, by the lovers of mankind,
that we can be sure of lifting our civilization to a higher and more
permanent plane of well-being than was ever attained by any preceding
civilization. Unjust war is to be abhorred; but woe to the nation that
does not make ready to hold its own in time of need against all who
would harm it! And woe thrice over to the nation in which the average
man loses the fighting edge, loses the power to serve as a soldier if
the day of need should arise!
It is no impossible dream to build up a civilization in which
morality, ethical development, and a true feeling of brotherhood shall
all alike be divorced from false sentimentality, and from the
rancorous and evil passions which, curiously enough, so often
accompany professions of sentimental attachment to the rights of man;
in which a high material development in the things of the body shall
be achieved without subordination of the things of the soul; in which
there shall be a genuine desire for peace and justice without loss of
those virile qualities without which no love of peace or justice shall
avail any race; in which the fullest development of scientific
research, the great distinguishing feature of our present
civilization, shall yet not imply a belief that intellect can ever
take the place of character--for, from the standpoint of the nation as
of the individual, it is character that is the one vital possession.
Finally, this world movement of civilization, this movement which is
now felt throbbing in every corner of the globe, should bind the
nations of the world together while yet leaving unimpaired that love
of country in the individual citizen which in the present stage of the
world's progress is essential to the world's well-being. You, my
hearers, and I who speak to you, belong to different nations. Under
modern conditions the books we read, the news sent by telegraph to our
newspapers, the strangers we meet, half of the things we hear and do
each day, all tend to bring us into touch with other peoples. Each
people can do justice to itself only if it does justice to others; but
each people can do its part in the world movement for all only if it
first does its duty within its own household. The good citizen must be
a good citizen of his own country first before he can with advantage
be a citizen of the world at large. I wish you well. I believe in you
and your future. I admire and wonder at the extraordinary greatness
and variety of your achievements in so many and such widely different
fields; and my admiration and regard are all the greater, and not the
less, because I am so profound a believer in the institutions and the
people of my own land.
An Address at the Cambridge Union, May 26, 1910
Mr. President and gentlemen, it is a very great pleasure for me to be
here to-day and to address you and to wear what the Secretary[10] has
called the gilded trappings which show that I am one of the youngest
living graduates of Cambridge. Something in the nature of a tract was
handed to me before I came up here. It was an issue of the _Gownsman_
[holding up, amid laughter, a copy of an undergraduate publication]
with a poem portraying the poet's natural anxiety lest I should preach
at him. Allow me to interpose an anecdote taken from your own hunting
field. A one-time Master of Foxhounds strongly objected to the
presence of a rather near-sighted and very hard-riding friend who at
times insisted on riding in the middle of the pack; and on one
occasion he earnestly addressed him as follows: "Mr. So and So, would
you mind looking at those two dogs, Ploughboy and Melody. They are
very valuable, and I really wish you would not jump on them." To which
his friend replied, with great courtesy: "My dear sir, I should be
delighted to oblige you, but unfortunately I have left my glasses at
home, and I am afraid they must take their chance." I will promise to
preach as little as I can, but you must take your chance, for it is
impossible to break the bad habit of a lifetime at the bidding of a
comparative stranger. I was deeply touched by the allusion to the lion
and the coat-of-arms. Before I reached London I was given to
understand that it was expected that when I walked through Trafalgar
Square, I should look the other way as I passed the lions.
[10] The Cambridge Union is the home of the well-known debating
society of the undergraduates of Cambridge University. To the
Vice-President, a member of Emmanuel College, the college of John
Harvard who founded Harvard University, was appropriately assigned
the duty of proposing the resolution admitting Mr. Roosevelt to
honorary membership in the Union Society. In supporting the
resolution the Vice-President referred to the peculiar relation
which unites the English Cambridge and the American Cambridge in a
common bond and touched upon Mr. Roosevelt's African exploits by
jocosely expressing anxiety for the safety of "the crest of my own
college, the Emmanuel Lion, which I see before me well within
range." There had just appeared in _Punch_, at the time of Mr.
Roosevelt's arrival in England, a full-page cartoon showing the
lions of the Nelson Monument in Trafalgar Square guarded by
policemen and protected by a placard announcing that "these lions
are not to be shot." The Secretary, in seconding the resolution,
humorously alluded to the doctor's gown, hood, and cap, in which
Mr. Roosevelt received his degree, as a possible example of what
America sometimes regards as the gilded trappings of a feudal and
reactionary Europe.--L.F.A.
Now I thank you very much for having made me an honorary member.
Harvard men feel peculiarly at home when they come to Cambridge. We
feel we are in the domain of our spiritual forefathers, and I doubt if
you yourselves can appreciate what it is to walk about the courts, to
see your buildings, and your pictures and statues of the innumerable
men whose names we know so well, and who have been brought closer to
us by what we see here. That would apply not alone to men of the past.
The Bishop of Ely to you is the Bishop of to-day; but I felt like
asking him when I met him this morning, "Where is Hereward the Wake?"
It gives an American university man a peculiar feeling to come here
and see so much that tells of the ancient history of the University.
The tie between Harvard and Cambridge has always been kept up. I
remember when you sent over Mr. Lehmann to teach us how to row. He
found us rather refractory pupils, I am afraid. In the course of the
struggle, the captain of the Harvard crew was eliminated. He
afterwards came down to Cuba and was one of the very best captains in
my regiment. At that time, however, he was still too close to his
college days--he was separated from them only by about two weeks when
he joined me--to appreciate what I endeavored to instil into him, that
while winning a boat-race was all very well, to take part in a
victorious fight, in a real battle, was a good deal better. Sport is a
fine thing as a pastime, and indeed it is more than a mere pastime;
but it is a very poor business if it is permitted to become the one
serious occupation of life.
One of the things I wish we could learn from you is how to make the
game of football a rather less homicidal pastime. (Laughter.) I do not
wish to speak as a mere sentimentalist; but I do not think that
killing should be a normal accompaniment of the game, and while we
develop our football from Rugby, I wish we could go back and undevelop
it, and get it nearer your game. I am not qualified to speak as an
expert on the subject, but I wish we could make it more open and
eliminate some features that certainly tend to add to the danger of
the game as it is played in America now. On the Pacific slope we have
been going back to your type of Rugby football. I would not have
football abolished for anything, but I want to have it changed, just
because I want to draw the teeth of the men who always clamor for the
abolition of any manly game. I wish to deprive those whom I put in the
mollycoddle class, of any argument against good sport. I thoroughly
believe in sport, but I think it is a great mistake if it is made
anything like a profession, or carried on in a way that gives just
cause for fault-finding and complaint among people whose objection is
not really to the defects, but to the sport itself.
Now I am going to disregard your poet and preach to you for just one
moment, but I will make it as little obnoxious as possible.
(Laughter.) The Secretary spoke of me as if I were an athlete. I am
not, and never have been one, although I have always been very fond of
outdoor amusement and exercise. There was, however, in my class at
Harvard, one real athlete who is now in public life. I made him
Secretary of State, or what you call Minister of Foreign Affairs, and
he is now Ambassador in Paris. If I catch your terminology straight,
he would correspond to your triple blue. He was captain of the
football eleven, played on the base-ball team, and rowed in the crew,
and in addition to that he was champion heavy-weight boxer and
wrestler, and won the 220-yard dash. His son was captain of the
Harvard University crew that came over here and was beaten by Oxford
two years ago. [Voices: "Cambridge."] Well, I never took a great
interest in defeats. (Loud laughter and applause.) Now, as I said
before, I never was an athlete, although I have always led an outdoor
life, and have accomplished something in it, simply because my theory
is that almost any man can do a great deal, if he will, by getting the
utmost possible service out of the qualities that he actually
possesses.
There are two kinds of success. One is the very rare kind that comes
to the man who has the power to do what no one else has the power to
do. That is genius. I am not discussing what form that genius takes;
whether it is the genius of a man who can write a poem that no one
else can write, _The Ode on a Grecian Urn_, for example, or _Helen,
thy beauty is to me_; or of a man who can do 100 yards in nine and
three-fifths seconds. Such a man does what no one else can do. Only a
very limited amount of the success of life comes to persons possessing
genius. The average man who is successful,--the average statesman, the
average public servant, the average soldier, who wins what we call
great success--is not a genius. He is a man who has merely the
ordinary qualities that he shares with his fellows, but who has
developed those ordinary qualities to a more than ordinary degree.
Take such a thing as hunting or any form of vigorous bodily exercise.
Most men can ride hard if they choose. Almost any man can kill a lion
if he will exercise a little resolution in training the qualities that
will enable him to do it. [Taking a tumbler from the table, Mr.
Roosevelt held it up.] Now it is a pretty easy thing to aim straight
at an object about that size. Almost any one, if he practises with the
rifle at all, can learn to hit that tumbler; and he can hit the lion
all right if he learns to shoot as straight at its brain or heart as
at the tumbler. He does not have to possess any extraordinary
capacity, not a bit,--all he has to do is to develop certain rather
ordinary qualities, but develop them to such a degree that he will
not get flustered, so that he will press the trigger steadily instead
of jerking it--and then he will shoot at the lion as well as he will
at that tumbler. It is a perfectly simple quality to develop. You
don't need any remarkable skill; all you need is to possess ordinary
qualities, but to develop them to a more than ordinary degree.
It is just the same with the soldier. What is needed is that the man
as soldier should develop certain qualities that have been known for
thousands of years, but develop them to such a point that in an
emergency he does, as a matter of course, what a great multitude of
men can do but what a very large proportion of them don't do. And in
making the appeal to the soldier, if you want to get out of him the
stuff that is in him, you will have to use phrases which the
intellectual gentlemen who do not fight will say are platitudes.
(Laughter and applause.)
It is just so in public life. It is not genius, it is not
extraordinary subtlety, or acuteness of intellect, that is important.
The things that are important are the rather commonplace, the rather
humdrum, virtues that in their sum are designated as character. If you
have in public life men of good ability, not geniuses, but men of
good abilities, with character,--and, gentlemen, you must include as
one of the most important elements of character commonsense--if you
possess such men, the Government will go on very well.
I have spoken only of the great successes; but what I have said
applies just as much to the success that is within the reach of almost
every one of us. I think that any man who has had what is regarded in
the world as a great success must realize that the element of chance
has played a great part in it. Of course a man has to take advantage
of his opportunities; but the opportunities have to come. If there is
not the war, you don't get the great general; if there is not a great
occasion you don't get the great statesman; if Lincoln had lived in
times of peace no one would have known his name now. The great crisis
must come, or no man has the chance to develop great qualities.
There are exceptional cases, of course, where there is a man who can
do just one thing, such as a man who can play a dozen games of chess
or juggle with four rows of figures at once--and as a rule he can do
nothing else. A man of this type can do nothing unless in the one
crisis for which his powers fit him. But normally the man who makes
the great success when the emergency arises is the man who would have
made a fair success in any event. I believe that the man who is really
happy in a great position--in what we call a career--is the man who
would also be happy and regard his life as successful if he had never
been thrown into that position. If a man lives a decent life and does
his work fairly and squarely so that those dependent on him and
attached to him are better for his having lived, then he is a success,
and he deserves to feel that he has done his duty and he deserves to
be treated by those who have had greater success as nevertheless
having shown the fundamental qualities that entitle him to respect. We
have in the United States an organization composed of the men who
forty-five years ago fought to a finish the great Civil War. One thing
that has always appealed to me in that organization is that all of the
men admitted are on a perfect equality provided the records show that
their duty was well done. Whether a man served as a lieutenant-general
or an eighteen-year-old recruit, so long as he was able to serve for
six months and did his duty in his appointed place, then he is called
Comrade and stands on an exact equality with the other men. The same
principle should shape our associations in ordinary civil life.
I am not speaking cant to you. I remember once sitting at a table with
six or eight other public officials, and each was explaining* how he
regarded being in public life, how only the sternest sense of duty
prevented him from resigning his office, and how the strain of working
for a thankless constituency was telling upon him, and nothing but the
fact that he felt he ought to sacrifice his comfort to the welfare of
his country kept him in the arduous life of statesmanship. It went
round the table until it came to my turn. This was during my first
term of office as President of the United States. I said: "Now,
gentlemen, I do not wish there to be any misunderstanding. I like my
job, and I want to keep it for four years longer." (Loud laughter and
applause.) I don't think any President ever enjoyed himself more than
I did. Moreover, I don't think any ex-President ever enjoyed himself
more. I have enjoyed my life and my work because I thoroughly believe
that success--the real success--does not depend upon the position you
hold, but upon how you carry yourself in that position. There is no
man here to-day who has not the chance so to shape his life after he
leaves this university that he shall have the right to feel, when his
life ends, that he has made a real success of it; and his making a
real success of it does not in the least depend upon the prominence of
the position he holds. Gentlemen, I thank you, and I am glad I have
violated the poet's hope and have preached to you.
*Transcriber's Note: Original "explaning"
Address Delivered at the Guildhall, London, May 31, 1910[11]
[11] The occasion of this address was the ceremony in the
Guildhall in which Mr. Roosevelt was presented by the Corporation
of the City of London (the oldest corporation in the world), with
the Freedom of the City. Sir Joseph Dimsdale, on behalf of the
Lord Mayor and the Corporation, made the address of
presentation.--L.F.A.
It is a peculiar pleasure to me to be here. And yet I cannot but
appreciate, as we all do, the sadness of the fact that I come here
just after the death of the Sovereign whom you so mourn, and whose
death caused such an outburst of sympathy for you throughout the
civilized world. One of the things I shall never forget is the
attitude of that great mass of people, assembled on the day of the
funeral, who in silence, in perfect order, and with uncovered heads,
saw the body of the dead King pass to its last resting-place. I had
the high honor of being deputed to come to the funeral as the
representative of America, and by my presence to express the deep and
universal feeling of sympathy which moves the entire American people
for the British people in their hour of sadness and trial.
I need hardly say how profoundly I feel the high honor that you confer
upon me; an honor great in itself, and great because of the ancient
historic associations connected with it, with the ceremonies incident
to conferring it, and with the place in which it is conferred. I am
very deeply appreciative of all that this ceremony means, all that
this gift implies, and all the kind words which Sir Joseph Dimsdale
has used in conferring it. I thank you heartily for myself. I thank
you still more because I know that what you have done is to be taken
primarily as a sign of the respect and friendly good-will which more
and more, as time goes by, tends to knit together the English-speaking
peoples.
I shall not try to make you any extended address of mere thanks, still
less of mere eulogy. I prefer to speak, and I know you would prefer to
have me speak, on matters of real concern to you, as to which I happen
at this moment to possess some first-hand knowledge; for recently I
traversed certain portions of the British Empire under conditions
which made me intimately cognizant of their circumstances and needs. I
have just spent nearly a year in Africa. While there I saw four
British protectorates. I grew heartily to respect the men whom I there
met, settlers and military and civil officials; and it seems to me
that the best service I can render them and you is very briefly to
tell you how I was impressed by some of the things that I saw. Your
men in Africa are doing a great work for your Empire, and they are
also doing a great work for civilization. This fact and my sympathy
for and belief in them are my reasons for speaking. The people at
home, whether in Europe or in America, who live softly, often fail
fully to realize what is being done for them by the men who are
actually engaged in the pioneer work of civilization abroad. Of
course, in any mass of men there are sure to be some who are weak or
unworthy, and even those who are good are sure to make occasional
mistakes--that is as true of pioneers as of other men. Nevertheless,
the great fact in world history during the last century has been the
spread of civilization over the world's waste spaces. The work is
still going on; and the soldiers, the settlers, and the civic
officials who are actually doing it are, as a whole, entitled to the
heartiest respect and the fullest support from their brothers who
remain at home.
At the outset, there is one point upon which I wish to insist with all
possible emphasis. The civilized nations who are conquering for
civilization savage lands should work together in a spirit of hearty
mutual good-will. I listened with special interest to what Sir Joseph
Dimsdale said about the blessing of peace and good-will among nations.
I agree with that in the abstract. Let us show by our actions and our
words in specific cases that we agree with it also in the concrete.
Ill-will between civilized nations is bad enough anywhere, but it is
peculiarly harmful and contemptible when those actuated by it are
engaged in the same task, a task of such far-reaching importance to
the future of humanity, the task of subduing the savagery of wild man
and wild nature, and of bringing abreast of our civilization those
lands where there is an older civilization which has somehow gone
crooked. Mankind as a whole has benefited by the noteworthy success
that has attended the French occupation of Algiers and Tunis, just as
mankind as a whole has benefited by what England has done in India;
and each nation should be glad of the other nation's achievements. In
the same way, it is of interest to all civilized men that a similar
success shall attend alike the Englishman and the German as they work
in East Africa; exactly as it has been a benefit to every one that
America took possession of the Philippines. Those of you who know Lord
Cromer's excellent book in which he compares modern and ancient
imperialism need no words from me to prove that the dominion of modern
civilized nations over the dark places of the earth has been fraught
with widespread good for mankind; and my plea is that the civilized
nations engaged in doing this work shall treat one another with
respect and friendship, and shall hold it as discreditable to permit
envy and jealousy, backbiting and antagonism among themselves. I
visited four different British protectorates or possessions in
Africa--namely, East Africa, Uganda, the Sudan, and Egypt. About the
first three, I have nothing to say to you save what is pleasant, as
well as true. About the last, I wish to say a few words because they
are true, without regard to whether or not they are pleasant.
In the highlands of East Africa you have a land which can be made a
true white man's country. While there I met many settlers on intimate
terms, and I felt for them a peculiar sympathy, because they so
strikingly reminded me of the men of our own western frontier of
America, of the pioneer farmers and ranch-men who built up the States
of the great plains and the Rocky Mountains. It is of high importance
to encourage these settlers in every way, remembering--I say that here
in the City--remembering that the prime need is not for capitalists to
exploit the land, but for settlers who shall make their permanent
homes therein. Capital is a good servant, but a mighty poor master. No
alien race should be permitted to come into competition with the
settlers. Fortunately you have now in the Governor of East Africa, Sir
Percy Girouard, a man admirably fitted to deal wisely and firmly with
the many problems before him. He is on the ground and knows the needs
of the country, and is zealously devoted to its interests. All that is
necessary is to follow his lead, and to give him cordial support and
backing. The principle upon which I think it is wise to act in dealing
with far-away possessions is this--choose your man, change him if you
become discontented with him, but while you keep him back him up.
In Uganda the problem is totally different. Uganda cannot be made a
white man's country, and the prime need is to administer the land in
the interest of the native races, and to help forward their
development. Uganda has been the scene of an extraordinary development
of Christianity. Nowhere else of recent times has missionary effort
met with such success; the inhabitants stand far above most of the
races in the Dark Continent in their capacity for progress towards
civilization. They have made great strides, and the English officials
have shown equal judgment and disinterestedness in the work they have
done; and they have been especially wise in trying to develop the
natives along their own lines, instead of seeking to turn them into
imitation or make-believe Englishmen. In Uganda all that is necessary
is to go forward on the paths you have already marked out.
The Sudan is peculiarly interesting because it affords the best
possible example of the wisdom--and when I say that I speak with
historical accuracy--of disregarding the well-meaning but unwise
sentimentalists who object to the spread of civilization at the
expense of savagery. I remember a quarter of a century ago when you
were engaged in the occupation of the Sudan that many of your people
at home and some of ours in America said that what was demanded in the
Sudan was the application of the principles of independence and
self-government to the Sudanese, coupled with insistence upon complete
religious toleration and the abolition of the slave trade.
Unfortunately, the chief reason why the Mahdists wanted independence
and self-government was that they could put down all religions but
their own and carry on the slave trade. I do not believe that in the
whole world there is to be found any nook of territory which has shown
such astonishing progress from the most hideous misery to well-being
and prosperity as the Sudan has shown during the last twelve years
while it has been under British rule. Up to that time it was
independent, and it governed itself; and independence and
self-government in the hands of the Sudanese proved to be much what
independence and self-government would have been in a wolf pack. Great
crimes were committed there, crimes so dark that their very
hideousness protects them from exposure. During a decade and a half,
while Mahdism controlled the country, there flourished a tyranny which
for cruelty, blood-thirstiness, unintelligence, and wanton
destructiveness surpassed anything which a civilized people can even
imagine. The keystones of the Mahdist party were religious intolerance
and slavery, with murder and the most abominable cruelty as the method
of obtaining each.
During those fifteen years at least two-thirds of the population,
probably seven or eight millions of people, died by violence or by
starvation. Then the English came in; put an end to the independence
and self-government which had wrought this hideous evil; restored
order, kept the peace, and gave to each individual a liberty which,
during the evil days of their own self-government, not one human being
possessed, save only the blood-stained tyrant who at the moment was
ruler. I stopped at village after village in the Sudan, and in many of
them I was struck by the fact that, while there were plenty of
children, they were all under twelve years old; and inquiry always
developed that these children were known as "Government children,"
because in the days of Mahdism it was the literal truth that in a very
large proportion of the communities every child was either killed or
died of starvation and hardship, whereas under the peace brought by
English rule families are flourishing, men and women are no longer
hunted to death, and the children are brought up under more favorable
circumstances, for soul and body, than have ever previously obtained
in the entire history of the Sudan. In administration, in education,
in police work, the Sirdar[12] and his lieutenants, great and small,
have performed to perfection a task equally important and difficult.
The Government officials, civil and military, who are responsible for
this task, and the Egyptian and Sudanese who have worked with and
under them, and as directed by them, have a claim upon all civilized
mankind which should be heartily admitted. It would be a crime not to
go on with the work, a work which the inhabitants themselves are
helpless to perform, unless under firm and wise guidance from outside.
I have met people who had some doubt as to whether the Sudan would
pay. Personally, I think it probably will. But I may add that, in my
judgment, this fact does not alter the duty of England to stay there.
It is not worth while belonging to a big nation unless the big nation
is willing when the necessity arises to undertake a big task. I feel
about you in the Sudan just as I felt about us in Panama. When we
acquired the right to build the Panama Canal, and entered on the task,
there were worthy people who came to me and said they wondered whether
it would pay. I always answered that it was one of the great world
works which had to be done; that it was our business as a nation to do
it, if we were ready to make good our claim to be treated as a great
world Power; and that as we were unwilling to abandon the claim, no
American worth his salt ought to hesitate about performing the task. I
feel just the same way about you in the Sudan.
[12] Sir Reginald Wingate, who at the time of this address was
both Sirdar of the Anglo-Egyptian Army and Governor-General of the
Sudan.--L.F.A.
Now as to Egypt. It would not be worth my while to speak to you at
all, nor would it be worth your while to listen, unless on condition
that I say what I deeply feel ought to be said. I speak as an
outsider, but in one way this is an advantage, for I speak without
national prejudice. I would not talk to you about your own internal
affairs here at home; but you are so very busy at home that I am not
sure whether you realize just how things are, in some places at least,
abroad. At any rate, it can do you no harm to hear the view of one who
has actually been on the ground, and has information at first hand; of
one, moreover, who, it is true, is a sincere well-wisher of the
British Empire, but who is not English by blood, and who is impelled
to speak mainly because of his deep concern in the welfare of mankind
and in the future of civilization. Remember also that I who address
you am not only an American, but a Radical, a real--not a
mock--democrat, and that what I have to say is spoken chiefly because
I am a democrat, a man who feels that his first thought is bound to be
the welfare of the masses of mankind, and his first duty to war
against violence and injustice and wrong-doing, wherever found; and I
advise you only in accordance with the principles on which I have
myself acted as American President in dealing with the Philippines.
In Egypt you are not only the guardians of your own interests; you are
also the guardians of the interests of civilization; and the present
condition of affairs in Egypt is a grave menace to both your Empire
and the entire civilized world. You have given Egypt the best
government it has had for at least two thousand years--probably a
better government than it has ever had before; for never in history
has the poor man in Egypt, the tiller of the soil, the ordinary
laborer, been treated with as much justice and mercy, under a rule as
free from corruption and brutality, as during the last twenty-eight
years. Yet recent events, and especially what has happened in
connection with and following on the assassination of Boutros Pasha
three months ago, have shown that, in certain vital points, you have
erred; and it is for you to make good your error. It has been an error
proceeding from the effort to do too much and not too little in the
interests of the Egyptians themselves; but unfortunately it is
necessary for all of us who have to do with uncivilized peoples, and
especially with fanatical peoples, to remember that in such a
situation as yours in Egypt weakness, timidity, and sentimentality may
cause even more far-reaching harm than violence and injustice. Of all
broken reeds, sentimentality[13] is the most broken reed on which
righteousness can lean.
[13] In the Introduction will be found Mr. Roosevelt's
differentiation of sentimentality from sentiment.--L.F.A.
In Egypt you have been treating all religions with studied fairness
and impartiality; and instead of gratefully acknowledging this, a
noisy section of the native population takes advantage of what your
good treatment has done to bring about an anti-foreign movement, a
movement in which, as events have shown, murder on a large or a small
scale is expected to play a leading part. Boutros Pasha[14] was the
best and most competent Egyptian official, a steadfast upholder of
English rule, and an earnest worker for the welfare of his countrymen;
and he was murdered simply and solely because of these facts, and
because he did his duty wisely, fearlessly, and uprightly. The
attitude of the so-called Egyptian Nationalist Party in connection
with this murder has shown that they were neither desirous nor capable
of guaranteeing even that primary justice the failure to supply which
makes self-government not merely an empty but a noxious farce. Such
are the conditions; and where the effort made by your officials to
help the Egyptians towards self-government is taken advantage of by
them, not to make things better, not to help their country, but to try
to bring murderous chaos upon the land, then it becomes the primary
duty of whoever is responsible for the government in Egypt to
establish order, and to take whatever measures are necessary to that
[14] Compare the address at the University of Cairo.--L.F.A.
It was with this primary object of establishing order that you went
into Egypt twenty-eight years ago; and the chief and ample
justification for your presence in Egypt was this absolute necessity
of order being established from without, coupled with your ability and
willingness to establish it. Now, either you have the right to be in
Egypt or you have not; either it is or it is not your duty to
establish and keep order. If you feel that you have not the right to
be in Egypt, if you do not wish to establish and to keep order there,
why, then, by all means get out of Egypt. If, as I hope, you feel that
your duty to civilized mankind and your fealty to your own great
traditions alike bid you to stay, then make the fact and the name
agree and show that you are ready to meet in very deed the
responsibility which is yours. It is the thing, not the form, which is
vital; if the present forms of government in Egypt, established by you
in the hope that they would help the Egyptians upward, merely serve to
provoke and permit disorder, then it is for you to alter the forms;
for if you stay in Egypt it is your first duty to keep order, and
above all things also to punish murder and to bring to justice all who
directly or indirectly incite others to commit murder or condone the
crime when it is committed. When a people treats assassination as the
corner-stone of self-government, it forfeits all right to be treated
as worthy of self-government. You are in Egypt for several purposes,
and among them one of the greatest is the benefit of the Egyptian
people. You saved them from ruin by coming in, and at the present
moment, if they are not governed from outside, they will again sink
into a welter of chaos. Some nation must govern Egypt. I hope and
believe that you will decide that it is your duty to be that nation.
BIOLOGICAL ANALOGIES IN HISTORY[15]
[15] The text of this Lecture, which is the Romanes Lecture for
permission of the Vice-Chancellor of the University of
Oxford.--L.F.A.
Delivered at Oxford, June 7, 1910
An American who in response to such an invitation as I have received
speaks in this University of ancient renown, cannot but feel with
peculiar vividness the interest and charm of his surroundings, fraught
as they are with a thousand associations. Your great universities, and
all the memories that make them great, are living realities in the
minds of scores of thousands of men who have never seen them and who
dwell across the seas in other lands. Moreover, these associations are
no stronger in the men of English stock than in those who are not. My
people have been for eight generations in America; but in one thing I
am like the Americans of to-morrow, rather than like many of the
Americans of to-day; for I have in my veins the blood of men who came
from many different European races. The ethnic make-up of our people
is slowly changing, so that constantly the race tends to become more
and more akin to that of those Americans who like myself are of the
old stock but not mainly of English stock. Yet I think that as time
goes by, mutual respect, understanding, and sympathy among the
English-speaking peoples grow greater and not less. Any of my
ancestors, Hollander or Huguenot, Scotchman or Irishman, who had come
to Oxford in "the spacious days of great Elizabeth," would have felt
far more alien than I, their descendant, now feel. Common heirship in
the things of the spirit makes a closer bond than common heirship in
the things of the body.
More than ever before in the world's history we of to-day seek to
penetrate the causes of the mysteries that surround not only mankind
but all life, both in the present and the past. We search, we peer, we
see things dimly; here and there we get a ray of clear vision, as we
look before and after. We study the tremendous procession of the ages,
from the immemorial past when in "cramp elf and saurian forms" the
creative forces "swathed their too-much power," down to the yesterday,
a few score thousand years distant only, when the history of man
became the overwhelming fact in the history of life on this planet;
and studying, we see strange analogies in the phenomena of life and
death, of birth, growth, and change, between those physical groups of
animal life which we designate as species, forms, races, and the
highly complex and composite entities which rise before our minds when
we speak of nations and civilizations.
It is this study which has given science its present-day prominence.
In the world of intellect, doubtless, the most marked features in the
history of the past century have been the extraordinary advances in
scientific knowledge and investigation, and in the position held by
the men of science with reference to those engaged in other pursuits.
I am not now speaking of applied science; of the science, for
instance, which, having revolutionized transportation on the earth and
the water, is now on the brink of carrying it into the air; of the
science that finds its expression in such extraordinary achievements
as the telephone and the telegraph; of the sciences which have so
accelerated the velocity of movement in social and industrial
conditions--for the changes in the mechanical appliances of ordinary
life during the last three generations have been greater than in all
the preceding generations since history dawned. I speak of the science
which has no more direct bearing upon the affairs of our everyday life
than literature or music, painting or sculpture, poetry or history. A
hundred years ago the ordinary man of cultivation had to know
something of these last subjects; but the probabilities were rather
against his having any but the most superficial scientific knowledge.
At present all this has changed, thanks to the interest taken in
scientific discoveries, the large circulation of scientific books, and
the rapidity with which ideas originating among students of the most
advanced and abstruse sciences become, at least partially, domiciled
in the popular mind.
Another feature of the change, of the growth in the position of
science in the eyes of every one, and of the greatly increased respect
naturally resulting for scientific methods, has been a certain
tendency for scientific students to encroach on other fields. This is
particularly true of the field of historical study. Not only have
scientific men insisted upon the necessity of considering the history
of man, especially in its early stages, in connection with what
biology shows to be the history of life, but furthermore there has
arisen a demand that history shall itself be treated as a science.
Both positions are in their essence right; but as regards each
position the more arrogant among the invaders of the new realm of
knowledge take an attitude to which it is not necessary to assent. As
regards the latter of the two positions, that which would treat
history henceforth merely as one branch of scientific study, we must
of course cordially agree that accuracy in recording facts and
appreciation of their relative worth and inter-relationship are just
as necessary in historical study as in any other kind of study. The
fact that a book, though interesting, is untrue, of course removes it
at once from the category of history, however much it may still
deserve to retain a place in the always desirable group of volumes
which deal with entertaining fiction. But the converse also holds, at
least to the extent of permitting us to insist upon what would seem to
be the elementary fact that a book which is written to be read should
be readable. This rather obvious truth seems to have been forgotten by
some of the more zealous scientific historians, who apparently hold
that the worth of a historical book is directly in proportion to the
impossibility of reading it, save as a painful duty. Now I am willing
that history shall be treated as a branch of science, but only on
condition that it also remains a branch of literature; and,
furthermore, I believe that as the field of science encroaches on the
field of literature there should be a corresponding encroachment of
literature upon science; and I hold that one of the great needs, which
can only be met by very able men whose culture is broad enough to
include literature as well as science, is the need of books for
scientific laymen. We need a literature of science which shall be
readable. So far from doing away with the school of great historians,
the school of Polybius and Tacitus, Gibbon and Macaulay, we need
merely that the future writers of history, without losing the
qualities which have made these men great, shall also utilize the new
facts and new methods which science has put at their disposal. Dryness
is not in itself a measure of value. No "scientific" treatise about
St. Louis will displace Joinville, for the very reason that
Joinville's place is in both history and literature; no minute study
of the Napoleonic wars will teach us more than Marbot--and Marbot is
as interesting as Walter Scott. Moreover, certain at least of the
branches of science should likewise be treated by masters in the art
of presentment, so that the layman interested in science, no less than
the layman interested in history, shall have on his shelves classics
which can be read. Whether this wish be or be not capable of
realization, it assuredly remains true that the great historian of the
future must essentially represent the ideal striven after by the great
historians of the past. The industrious collector of facts occupies an
honorable, but not an exalted, position, and the scientific historian
who produces books which are not literature must rest content with the
honor, substantial, but not of the highest type, that belongs to him
who gathers material which some time some great master shall arise to
Yet, while freely conceding all that can be said of the masters of
literature, we must insist upon the historian of mankind working in
the scientific spirit, and using the treasure-houses of science. He
who would fully treat of man must know at least something of biology,
of the science that treats of living, breathing things; and
especially of that science of evolution which is inseparably connected
with the great name of Darwin. Of course there is no exact parallelism
between the birth, growth, and death of species in the animal world,
and the birth, growth, and death of societies in the world of man. Yet
there is a certain parallelism. There are strange analogies; it may be
that there are homologies.
How far the resemblances between the two sets of phenomena are more
than accidental, how far biology can be used as an aid in the
interpretation of human history, we cannot at present say. The
historian should never forget, what the highest type of scientific man
is always teaching us to remember, that willingness to admit ignorance
is a prime factor in developing wisdom out of knowledge. Wisdom is
advanced by research which enables us to add to knowledge; and,
moreover, the way for wisdom is made ready when men who record facts
of vast but unknown import, if asked to explain their full
significance, are willing frankly to answer that they do not know. The
research which enables us to add to the sum of complete knowledge
stands first; but second only stands the research which, while
enabling us clearly to pose the problem, also requires us to say that
with our present knowledge we can offer no complete solution.
Let me illustrate what I mean by an instance or two taken from one of
the most fascinating branches of world-history, the history of the
higher forms of life, of mammalian life, on this globe.
Geologists and astronomers are not agreed as to the length of time
necessary for the changes that have taken place. At any rate, many
hundreds of thousands of years, some millions of years, have passed by
since in the eocene, at the beginning of the tertiary period, we find
the traces of an abundant, varied, and highly developed mammalian life
on the land masses out of which have grown the continents as we see
them to-day. The ages swept by, until, with the advent of man
substantially in the physical shape in which we now know him, we also
find a mammalian fauna not essentially different in kind, though
widely differing in distribution, from that of the present day.
Throughout this immense period form succeeds form, type succeeds type,
in obedience to laws of evolution, of progress and retrogression, of
development and death, which we as yet understand only in the most
imperfect manner. As knowledge increases our wisdom is often turned
into foolishness, and many of the phenomena of evolution which seemed
clearly explicable to the learned master of science who founded these
lectures, to us nowadays seem far less satisfactorily explained. The
scientific men of most note now differ widely in their estimates of
the relative parts played in evolution by natural selection, by
mutation, by the inheritance of acquired characteristics; and we study
their writings with a growing impression that there are forces at work
which our blinded eyes wholly fail to apprehend; and where this is the
case the part of wisdom is to say that we believe we have such and
such partial explanations, but that we are not warranted in saying
that we have the whole explanation. In tracing the history of the
development of faunal life during this period, the age of mammals,
there are some facts which are clearly established, some great and
sweeping changes for which we can with certainty ascribe reasons.
There are other facts as to which we grope in the dark, and vast
changes, vast catastrophes, of which we can give no adequate
explanation.
Before illustrating these types, let us settle one or two matters of
terminology. In the changes, the development and extinction, of species
we must remember that such expressions as "a new species," or as "a
species becoming extinct," are each commonly and indiscriminately
used to express totally different and opposite meanings. Of course
the "new" species is not new in the sense that its ancestors
appeared later on the globe's surface than those of any old
species tottering to extinction. Phylogenetically, each animal now
living must necessarily trace its ancestral descent back through
countless generations, through æons of time, to the early stages of
the appearance of life on the globe. All that we mean by a "new"
species is that from some cause, or set of causes, one of these
ancestral stems slowly or suddenly develops into a form unlike any
that has preceded it; so that while in one form of life the ancestral
type is continuously repeated and the old species continues to exist,
in another form of life there is a deviation from the ancestral type
and a new species appears.
Similarly, "extinction of species" is a term which has two entirely
different meanings. The type may become extinct by dying out and
leaving no descendants. Or it may die out because as the generations
go by there is change, slow or swift, until a new form is produced.
Thus in one case the line of life comes to an end. In the other case
it changes into something different. The huge titanothere, and the
small three-toed horse, both existed at what may roughly be called the
same period of the world's history, back in the middle of the
mammalian age. Both are extinct in the sense that each has completely
disappeared and that nothing like either is to be found in the world
to-day. But whereas all the individual titanotheres finally died out,
leaving no descendants, a number of the three-toed horses did leave
descendants, and these descendants, constantly changing as the ages
went by, finally developed into the highly specialized one-toed
horses, asses, and zebras of to-day.
The analogy between the facts thus indicated and certain facts in the
development of human societies is striking. A further analogy is
supplied by a very curious tendency often visible in cases of intense
and extreme specialization. When an animal form becomes highly
specialized, the type at first, because of its specialization,
triumphs over its allied rivals and its enemies, and attains a great
development; until in many cases the specialization becomes so
extreme that from some cause unknown to us, or at which we merely
guess, it disappears. The new species which mark a new era commonly
come from the less specialized types, the less distinctive, dominant,
and striking types, of the preceding era.
When dealing with the changes, cataclysmic or gradual, which divide
one period of palæontological history from another, we can sometimes
assign causes, and again we cannot even guess at them. In the case of
single species, or of faunas of very restricted localities, the
explanation is often self-evident. A comparatively slight change in
the amount of moisture in the climate, with the attendant change in
vegetation, might readily mean the destruction of a group of huge
herbivores with a bodily size such that they needed a vast quantity of
food, and with teeth so weak or so peculiar that but one or two kinds
of plants could furnish this food. Again, we now know that the most
deadly foes of the higher forms of life are various lower forms of
life, such as insects, or microscopic creatures conveyed into the
blood by insects. There are districts in South America where many
large animals, wild and domestic, cannot live because of the presence
either of certain ticks or of certain baleful flies. In Africa there
is a terrible genus of poison fly, each species acting as the host of
microscopic creatures which are deadly to certain of the higher
vertebrates. One of these species, though harmless to man, is fatal to
all domestic animals, and this although harmless to the
closely-related wild kinsfolk of these animals. Another is fatal to
man himself, being the cause of the "sleeping sickness" which in many
large districts has killed out the entire population. Of course the
development or the extension of the range of any such insects, and any
one of many other causes which we see actually at work around us,
would readily account for the destruction of some given species or
even for the destruction of several species in a limited area of
When whole faunal groups die out over large areas, the question is
different, and may or may not be susceptible of explanation with the
knowledge we actually possess. In the old arctogæal continent, for
instance, in what is now Europe, Asia, and North America, the glacial
period made a complete, but of course explicable, change in the faunal
life of the region. At one time the continent held a rich and varied
fauna. Then a period of great cold supervened, and a different fauna
succeeded the first. The explanation of the change is obvious.
But in many other cases we cannot so much as hazard a guess at why a
given change occurred. One of the most striking instances of these
inexplicable changes is that afforded by the history of South America
towards the close of the tertiary period. For ages South America had
been an island by itself, cut off from North America at the very time
that the latter was at least occasionally in land communication with
Asia. During this time a very peculiar fauna grew up in South America,
some of the types resembling nothing now existing, while others are
recognizable as ancestral forms of the ant-eaters, sloths, and
armadillos of to-day. It was a peculiar and diversified mammalian
fauna, of, on the whole, rather small species, and without any
representatives of the animals with which man has been most familiar
during his career on this earth.
Towards the end of the tertiary period there was an upheaval of land
between this old South American island and North America, near what is
now the Isthmus of Panama, thereby making a bridge across which the
teeming animal life of the northern continent had access to this queer
southern continent. There followed an inrush of huge, or swift, or
formidable creatures which had attained their development in the
fierce competition of the arctogæal realm. Elephants, camels, horses,
tapirs, swine, sabre-toothed tigers, big cats, wolves, bears, deer,
crowded into South America, warring each against the other incomers
and against the old long-existing forms. A riot of life followed. Not
only was the character of the South American fauna totally changed by
the invasion of these creatures from the north, which soon swarmed
over the continent, but it was also changed through the development
wrought in the old inhabitants by the severe competition to which they
were exposed. Many of the smaller or less capable types died out.
Others developed enormous bulk or complete armor protection, and
thereby saved themselves from the new beasts. In consequence, South
America soon became populated with various new species of mastodons,
sabre-toothed tigers, camels, horses, deer, cats, wolves, hooved
creatures of strange shapes and some of them of giant size, all of
these being descended from the immigrant types; and side by side with
them there grew up large autochthonous [TR: original autochthonus]
ungulates, giant ground sloths well-nigh as large as elephants, and
armored creatures as bulky as an ox but structurally of the armadillo
or ant-eater type; and some of these latter not only held their own,
but actually in their turn wandered north over the isthmus and invaded
North America. A fauna as varied as that of Africa to-day, as abundant
in species and individuals, even more noteworthy, because of its huge
size or odd type, and because of the terrific prowess of the more
formidable flesh-eaters, was thus developed in South America, and
flourished for a period which human history would call very long
indeed, but which geologically was short.
Then, for no reason that we can assign, destruction fell on this
fauna. All the great and terrible creatures died out, the same fate
befalling the changed representatives of the old autochthonous fauna
and the descendants of the migrants that had come down from the north.
Ground sloth and glyptodon, sabre-tooth, horse and mastodon, and all
the associated animals of large size, vanished, and South America,
though still retaining its connection with North America, once again
became a land with a mammalian life small and weak compared to that
of North America and the Old World. Its fauna is now marked, for
instance, by the presence of medium-sized deer and cats, fox-like
wolves, and small camel-like creatures, as well as by the presence of
small armadillos, sloths, and ant-eaters. In other words, it includes
diminutive representatives of the giants of the preceding era, both of
the giants among the older forms of mammalia, and of the giants among
the new and intrusive kinds. The change was widespread and
extraordinary, and with our present means of information it is wholly
inexplicable. There was no ice age, and it is hard to imagine any
cause which would account for the extinction of so many species of
huge or moderate size, while smaller representatives, and here and
there medium-sized representatives, of many of them were left.
Now as to all of these phenomena in the evolution of species, there
are, if not homologies, at least certain analogies, in the history of
human societies, in the history of the rise to prominence, of the
development and change, of the temporary dominance, and death or
transformation, of the groups of varying kind which form races or
nations. Here, as in biology, it is necessary to keep in mind that we
use each of the words "birth" and "death," "youth" and "age," often
very loosely, and sometimes as denoting either one of two totally
different conceptions. Of course, in one sense there is no such thing
as an "old" or a "young" nation, any more than there is an "old" or
"young" family. Phylogenetically, the line of ancestral descent must
be of exactly the same length for every existing individual, and for
every group of individuals, whether forming a family or a nation. All
that can properly be meant by the terms "new" and "young" is that in a
given line of descent there has suddenly come a period of rapid
change. This change may arise either from a new development or
transformation of the old elements, or else from a new grouping of
these elements with other and varied elements; so that the words "new"
nation or "young" nation may have a real difference of significance in
one case from what they have in another.
As in biology, so in human history, a new form may result from the
specialization of a long-existing, and hitherto very slowly changing,
generalized or non-specialized form; as, for instance, occurs when a
barbaric race from a variety of causes suddenly develops a more
complex cultivation and civilization. This is what occurred, for
instance, in Western Europe during the centuries of the Teutonic and,
later, the Scandinavian ethnic overflows from the north. All the
modern countries of Western Europe are descended from the states
created by these northern invaders. When first created they would be
called "new" or "young" states in the sense that part or all of the
people composing them were descended from races that hitherto had not
been civilized, and that therefore, for the first time, entered on the
career of civilized communities. In the southern part of Western
Europe the new states thus formed consisted in bulk of the inhabitants
already in the land under the Roman Empire; and it was here that the
new kingdoms first took shape. Through a reflex action their influence
then extended back into the cold forests from which the invaders had
come, and Germany and Scandinavia witnessed the rise of communities
with essentially the same civilization as their southern neighbors;
though in those communities, unlike the southern communities, there
was no infusion of new blood, so that the new civilized nations which
gradually developed were composed entirely of members of the same
races which in the same regions had for ages lived the life of a
slowly changing barbarism. The same was true of the Slavs and the
slavonized Finns of Eastern Europe, when an infiltration of
Scandinavian leaders from the north, and an infiltration of Byzantine
culture from the south, joined to produce the changes which have
gradually, out of the little Slav communities of the forest and the
steppe, formed the mighty Russian Empire of to-day.
Again, the new form may represent merely a splitting off from a long
established, highly developed, and specialized nation. In this case
the nation is usually spoken of as a "young," and is correctly spoken
of as a "new," nation; but the term should always be used with a clear
sense of the difference between what is described in such case, and
what is described by the same term in speaking of a civilized nation
just developed from barbarism. Carthage and Syracuse were new cities
compared to Tyre and Corinth; but the Greek or Phoenician race was in
every sense of the word as old in the new city as in the old city. So,
nowadays, Victoria or Manitoba is a new community compared with
England or Scotland; but the ancestral type of civilization and
culture is as old in one case as in the other. I of course do not mean
for a moment that great changes are not produced by the mere fact that
the old civilized race is suddenly placed in surroundings where it has
again to go through the work of taming the wilderness, a work finished
many centuries before in the original home of the race; I merely mean
that the ancestral history is the same in each case. We can rightly
use the phrase "a new people," in speaking of Canadians or
Australians, Americans or Afrikanders. But we use it in an entirely
different sense from that in which we use it when speaking of such
communities as those founded by the Northmen and their descendants
during that period of astonishing growth which saw the descendants of
the Norse sea-thieves conquer and transform Normandy, Sicily, and the
British Islands; we use it in an entirely different sense from that in
which we use it when speaking of the new states that grew up around
Warsaw, Kief, Novgorod, and Moscow, as the wild savages of the steppes
and the marshy forests struggled haltingly and stumblingly upward to
become builders of cities and to form stable governments. The kingdoms
of Charlemagne and Alfred were "new," compared to the empire on the
Bosphorus; they were also in every way different; their lines of
ancestral descent had nothing in common with that of the polyglot
realm which paid tribute to the Cæsars of Byzantium; their social
problems and after-time history were totally different. This is not
true of those "new" nations which spring direct from old nations.
Brazil, the Argentine, the United States, are all "new" nations,
compared with the nations of Europe; but, with whatever changes in
detail, their civilization is nevertheless of the general European
type, as shown in Portugal, Spain, and England. The differences
between these "new" American and these "old" European nations are not
as great as those which separate the "new" nations one from another,
and the "old" nations one from another. There are in each case very
real differences between the new and the old nation; differences both
for good and for evil; but in each case there is the same ancestral
history to reckon with, the same type of civilization, with its
attendant benefits and shortcomings; and, after the pioneer stages are
passed, the problems to be solved, in spite of superficial
differences, are in their essence the same; they are those that
confront all civilized peoples, not those that confront only peoples
struggling from barbarism into civilization.
So, when we speak of the "death" of a tribe, a nation, or a
civilization, the term may be used for either one of two totally
different processes, the analogy with what occurs in biological
history being complete. Certain tribes of savages--the Tasmanians, for
instance, and various little clans of American Indians--have within
the last century or two completely died out; all of the individuals
have perished, leaving no descendants, and the blood has disappeared.
Certain other tribes of Indians have as tribes disappeared or are now
disappearing; but their blood remains, being absorbed into the veins
of the white intruders, or of the black men introduced by those white
intruders; so that in reality they are merely being transformed into
something absolutely different from what they were. In the United
States, in the new State of Oklahoma, the Creeks, Cherokees,
Chickasaws, Delawares, and other tribes, are in process of absorption
into the mass of the white population; when the State was admitted a
couple of years ago, one of the two Senators, and three of the five
Representatives in Congress, were partly of Indian blood. In but a
few years these Indian tribes will have disappeared as completely as
those that have actually died out; but the disappearance will be by
absorption and transformation into the mass of the American
A like wide diversity in fact may be covered in the statement that a
civilization has "died out." The nationality and culture of the
wonderful city-builders of the lower Mesopotamian Plain have
completely disappeared, and, though doubtless certain influences
dating therefrom are still at work, they are in such changed and
hidden form as to be unrecognizable. But the disappearance of the
Roman Empire was of no such character. There was complete change,
far-reaching transformation, and at one period a violent dislocation;
but it would not be correct to speak either of the blood or the
culture of Old Rome as extinct. We are not yet in a position to
dogmatize as to the permanence or evanescence of the various strains
of blood that go to make up every civilized nationality; but it is
reasonably certain that the blood of the old Roman still flows through
the veins of the modern Italian; and though there has been much
intermixture, from many different foreign sources--from foreign
conquerors and from foreign slaves--yet it is probable that the
Italian type of to-day finds its dominant ancestral type in the
ancient Latin. As for the culture, the civilization of Rome, this is
even more true. It has suffered a complete transformation, partly by
natural growth, partly by absorption of totally alien elements, such
as a Semitic religion, and certain Teutonic governmental and social
customs; but the process was not one of extinction, but one of growth
and transformation, both from within and by the accretion of outside
elements. In France and Spain the inheritance of Latin blood is small;
but the Roman culture which was forced on those countries has been
tenaciously retained by them, throughout all their subsequent ethnical
and political changes, as the basis on which their civilizations have
been built. Moreover, the permanent spreading of Roman influence was
not limited to Europe. It has extended to and over half of that New
World which was not even dreamed of during the thousand years of
brilliant life between the birth and the death of Pagan Rome. This New
World was discovered by one Italian, and its mainland first reached
and named by another; and in it, over a territory many times the size
of Trajan's empire, the Spanish, French, and Portuguese adventurers
founded, beside the St. Lawrence and the Amazon, along the flanks of
the Andes and in the shadow of the snow-capped volcanoes of Mexico,
from the Rio Grande to the Straits of Magellan, communities, now
flourishing and growing apace, which in speech and culture, and even
as regards one strain in their blood, are the lineal heirs of the
ancient Latin civilization. When we speak of the disappearance, the
passing away, of ancient Babylon or Nineveh, and of ancient Rome, we
are using the same terms to describe totally different phenomena.
The anthropologist and historian of to-day realize much more clearly
than their predecessors of a couple of generations back how artificial
most great nationalities are, and how loose is the terminology usually
employed to describe them. There is an element of unconscious and
rather pathetic humor in the simplicity of half a century ago which
spoke of the Aryan and the Teuton with reverential admiration, as if
the words denoted, not merely something definite, but something
ethnologically sacred; the writers having much the same pride and
faith in their own and their fellow-countrymen's purity of descent
from these imaginary Aryan or Teutonic ancestors that was felt a few
generations earlier by the various noble families who traced their
lineage direct to Odin, Æneas, or Noah. Nowadays, of course, all
students recognize that there may not be, and often is not, the
slightest connection between kinship in blood and kinship in tongue.
In America we find three races, white, red, and black, and three
tongues, English, French, and Spanish, mingled in such a way that the
lines of cleavage of race continually run at right angles to the lines
of cleavage of speech; there being communities practically of pure
blood of each race found speaking each language. Aryan and Teutonic
are terms having very distinct linguistic meanings; but whether they
have any such ethnical meanings as were formerly attributed to them is
so doubtful, that we cannot even be sure whether the ancestors of most
of those we call Teutons originally spoke an Aryan tongue at all. The
term Celtic, again, is perfectly clear when used linguistically; but
when used to describe a race it means almost nothing until we find out
which one of several totally different terminologies the writer or
speaker is adopting. If, for instance, the term is used to designate
the short-headed, medium-sized type common throughout middle Europe,
from east to west, it denotes something entirely different from what
is meant when the name is applied to the tall, yellow-haired opponents
of the Romans and the later Greeks; while if used to designate any
modern nationality, it becomes about as loose and meaningless as the
term Anglo-Saxon itself.
Most of the great societies which have developed a high civilization
and have played a dominant part in the world have been--and
are--artificial; not merely in social structure, but in the sense of
including totally different race types. A great nation rarely belongs
to any one race, though its citizens generally have one essentially
national speech. Yet the curious fact remains that these great
artificial societies acquire such unity that in each one all the parts
feel a subtle sympathy, and move or cease to move, go forward or go
back, all together, in response to some stir or throbbing, very
powerful, and yet not to be discerned by our senses. National unity is
far more apt than race unity to be a fact to reckon with; until indeed
we come to race differences as fundamental as those which divide from
one another the half-dozen great ethnic divisions of mankind, when
they become so important that differences of nationality, speech, and
creed sink into littleness.
An ethnological map of Europe in which the peoples were divided
according to their physical and racial characteristics, such as
stature, coloration, and shape of head, would bear no resemblance
whatever to a map giving the political divisions, the nationalities,
of Europe; while on the contrary a linguistic map would show a general
correspondence between speech and nationality. The northern Frenchman
is in blood and physical type more nearly allied to his
German-speaking neighbor than to the Frenchman of the Mediterranean
seaboard; and the latter, in his turn, is nearer to the Catalan than
to the man who dwells beside the Channel or along the tributaries of
the Rhine. But in essential characteristics, in the qualities that
tell in the make-up of a nationality, all these kinds of Frenchmen
feel keenly that they are one, and are different from all outsiders,
their differences dwindling into insignificance, compared with the
extraordinary, artificially produced, resemblances which bring them
together and wall them off from the outside world. The same is true
when we compare the German who dwells where the Alpine springs of the
Danube and the Rhine interlace, with the physically different German
of the Baltic lands. The same is true of Kentishman, Cornishman, and
Yorkshireman in England.
In dealing, not with groups of human beings in simple and primitive
relations, but with highly complex, highly specialized, civilized, or
semi-civilized societies, there is need of great caution in drawing
analogies with what has occurred in the development of the animal
world. Yet even in these cases it is curious to see how some of the
phenomena in the growth and disappearance of these complex, artificial
groups of human beings resemble what has happened in myriads of
instances in the history of life on this planet.
Why do great artificial empires, whose citizens are knit by a bond of
speech and culture much more than by a bond of blood, show periods of
extraordinary growth, and again of sudden or lingering decay? In some
cases we can answer readily enough; in other cases we cannot as yet
even guess what the proper answer should be. If in any such case the
centrifugal forces overcome the centripetal, the nation will of course
fly to pieces, and the reason for its failure to become a dominant
force is patent to every one. The minute that the spirit which finds
its healthy development in local self-government, and is the antidote
to the dangers of an extreme centralization, develops into mere
particularism, into inability to combine effectively for achievement
of a common end, then it is hopeless to expect great results. Poland
and certain republics of the Western Hemisphere are the standard
examples of failure of this kind; and the United States would have
ranked with them, and her name would have become a byword of derision,
if the forces of union had not triumphed in the Civil War. So, the
growth of soft luxury after it has reached a certain point becomes a
national danger patent to all. Again, it needs but little of the
vision of a seer to foretell what must happen in any community if the
average woman ceases to become the mother of a family of healthy
children, if the average man loses the will and the power to work up
to old age and to fight whenever the need arises. If the homely
commonplace virtues die out, if strength of character vanishes in
graceful self-indulgence, if the virile qualities atrophy, then the
nation has lost what no material prosperity can offset.
But there are plenty of other phenomena wholly or partially
inexplicable. It is easy to see why Rome trended downward when great
slave-tilled farms spread over what had once been a country-side of
peasant proprietors, when greed and luxury and sensuality ate like
acids into the fibre of the upper classes, while the mass of the
citizens grew to depend not upon their own exertions, but upon the
State, for their pleasures and their very livelihood. But this does
not explain why the forward movement stopped at different times, so
far as different matters were concerned; at one time as regards
literature, at another time as regards architecture, at another time
as regards city-building. There is nothing mysterious about Rome's
dissolution at the time of the barbarian invasions; apart from the
impoverishment and depopulation of the Empire, its fall would be quite
sufficiently explained by the mere fact that the average citizen had
lost the fighting edge--an essential even under a despotism, and
therefore far more essential in free, self-governing communities, such
as those of the English-speaking peoples of to-day. The mystery is
rather that out of the chaos and corruption of Roman society during
the last days of the oligarchic republic, there should have sprung an
Empire able to hold things with reasonable steadiness for three or
four centuries. But why, for instance, should the higher kinds of
literary productiveness have ceased about the beginning of the second
century, whereas the following centuries witnessed a great outbreak of
energy in the shape of city-building in the provinces, not only in
Western Europe, but in Africa? We cannot even guess why the springs of
one kind of energy dried up, while there was yet no cessation of
another kind.
Take another and smaller instance, that of Holland. For a period
covering a little more than the seventeenth century, Holland, like
some of the Italian city-states at an earlier period, stood on the
dangerous heights of greatness, beside nations so vastly her superior
in territory and population as to make it inevitable that sooner or
later she must fall from the glorious and perilous eminence to which
she had been raised by her own indomitable soul. Her fall came; it
could not have been indefinitely postponed; but it came far quicker
than it needed to come, because of shortcomings on her part to which
both Great Britain and the United States would be wise to pay heed.
Her government was singularly ineffective, the decentralization being
such as often to permit the separatist, the particularist, spirit of
the provinces to rob the central authority of all efficiency. This was
bad enough. But the fatal weakness was that so common in rich,
peace-loving societies, where men hate to think of war as possible,
and try to justify their own reluctance to face it either by
high-sounding moral platitudes, or else by a philosophy of
short-sighted materialism. The Dutch were very wealthy. They grew to
believe that they could hire others to do their fighting for them on
land; and on sea, where they did their own fighting, and fought very
well, they refused in time of peace to make ready fleets so efficient,
as either to insure them against the peace being broken, or else to
give them the victory when war came. To be opulent and unarmed is to
secure ease in the present at the almost certain cost of disaster in
the future.
It is therefore easy to see why Holland lost when she did her position
among the powers; but it is far more difficult to explain why at the
same time there should have come at least a partial loss of position
in the world of art and letters. Some spark of divine fire burned
itself out in the national soul. As the line of great statesmen, of
great warriors, by land and sea, came to an end, so the line of the
great Dutch painters ended. The loss of pre-eminence in the schools
followed the loss of pre-eminence in camp and in council chamber.
In the little republic of Holland, as in the great empire of Rome, it
was not death which came, but transformation. Both Holland and Italy
teach us that races that fall may rise again. In Holland, as in the
Scandinavian kingdoms of Norway and Sweden, there was in a sense no
decadence at all. There was nothing analogous to what has befallen so
many countries; no lowering of the general standard of well-being, no
general loss of vitality, no depopulation. What happened was, first a
flowering time, in which the country's men of action and men of
thought gave it a commanding position among the nations of the day;
then this period of command passed, and the State revolved in an eddy,
aside from the sweep of the mighty current of world life; and yet the
people themselves in their internal relations remained substantially
unchanged, and in many fields of endeavor have now recovered
themselves, and play again a leading part.
In Italy, where history is recorded for a far longer time, the course
of affairs was different. When the Roman Empire that was really Roman
went down in ruin, there followed an interval of centuries when the
gloom was almost unrelieved. Every form of luxury and frivolity, of
contemptuous repugnance for serious work, of enervating
self-indulgence, every form of vice and weakness which we regard as
most ominous in the civilization of to-day, had been at work
throughout Italy for generations. The nation had lost all patriotism.
It had ceased to bring forth fighters or workers, had ceased to bring
forth men of mark of any kind; and the remnant of the Italian people
cowered in helpless misery among the horse-hoofs of the barbarians, as
the wild northern bands rode in to take the land for a prey and the
cities for a spoil. It was one of the great cataclysms of history; but
in the end it was seen that what came had been in part change and
growth. It was not all mere destruction. Not only did Rome leave a
vast heritage of language, culture, law, ideas, to all the modern
world; but the people of Italy kept the old blood as the chief strain
in their veins. In a few centuries came a wonderful new birth for
Italy. Then for four or five hundred years there was a growth of many
little city-states which, in their energy both in peace and war, in
their fierce, fervent life, in the high quality of their men of arts
and letters, and in their utter inability to combine so as to preserve
order among themselves or to repel outside invasion, cannot unfairly
be compared with classic Greece. Again Italy fell, and the land was
ruled by Spaniard or Frenchman or Austrian; and again, in the
nineteenth century, there came for the third time a wonderful new
birth.
Contrast this persistence of the old type in its old home, and in
certain lands which it had conquered, with its utter disappearance in
certain other lands where it was intrusive, but where it at one time
seemed as firmly established as in Italy--certainly as in Spain or
Gaul. No more curious example of the growth and disappearance of a
national type can be found than in the case of the Græco-Roman
dominion in Western Asia and North Africa. All told it extended over
nearly a thousand years, from the days of Alexander till after the
time of Heraclius. Throughout these lands there yet remain the ruins
of innumerable cities which tell how firmly rooted that dominion must
once have been. The over-shadowing and far-reaching importance of what
occurred is sufficiently shown by the familiar fact that the New
Testament was written in Greek; while to the early Christians, North
Africa seemed as much a Latin land as Sicily or the Valley of the Po.
The intrusive peoples and their culture flourished in the lands for a
period twice as long as that which has elapsed since, with the voyage
of Columbus, modern history may fairly be said to have begun; and then
they withered like dry grass before the flame of the Arab invasion,
and their place knew them no more. They overshadowed the ground; they
vanished; and the old types reappeared in their old homes, with beside
them a new type, the Arab.
Now, as to all these changes we can at least be sure of the main
facts. We know that the Hollander remains in Holland, though the
greatness of Holland has passed; we know that the Latin blood remains
in Italy, whether to a greater or less extent; and that the Latin
culture has died out in the African realm it once won, while it has
lasted in Spain and France, and thence has extended itself to
continents beyond the ocean. We may not know the causes of the facts,
save partially; but the facts themselves we do know. But there are
other cases in which we are at present ignorant even of the facts; we
do not know what the changes really were, still less the hidden
causes and meaning of these changes. Much remains to be found out
before we can speak with any certainty as to whether some changes mean
the actual dying out or the mere transformation of types. It is, for
instance, astonishing how little permanent change in the physical
make-up of the people seems to have been worked in Europe by the
migrations of the races in historic times. A tall, fair-haired,
long-skulled race penetrates to some southern country and establishes
a commonwealth. The generations pass. There is no violent revolution,
no break in continuity of history, nothing in the written records to
indicate an epoch-making change at any given moment; and yet after a
time we find that the old type has reappeared and that the people of
the locality do not substantially differ in physical form from the
people of other localities that did not suffer such an invasion. Does
this mean that gradually the children of the invaders have dwindled
and died out; or, as the blood is mixed with the ancient blood, has
there been a change, part reversion and part assimilation, to the
ancient type in its old surroundings? Do tint of skin, eyes and hair,
shape of skull, and stature, change in the new environment, so as to
be like those of the older people who dwelt in this environment? Do
the intrusive races, without change of blood, tend under the pressure
of their new surroundings to change in type so as to resemble the
ancient peoples of the land? Or, as the strains mingled, has the new
strain dwindled and vanished, from causes as yet obscure? Has the
blood of the Lombard practically disappeared from Italy, and of the
Visigoth from Spain, or does it still flow in large populations where
the old physical type has once more become dominant? Here in England,
the long-skulled men of the long barrows, the short-skulled men of the
round barrows, have they blended, or has one or the other type
actually died out; or are they merged in some older race which they
seemingly supplanted, or have they adopted the tongue and civilization
of some later race which seemingly destroyed them? We cannot say. We
do not know which of the widely different stocks now speaking Aryan
tongues represents in physical characteristics the ancient Aryan type,
nor where the type originated, nor how or why it imposed its language
on other types, nor how much or how little mixture of blood
accompanied the change of tongue.
The phenomena of national growth and decay, both of those which can
and those which cannot be explained, have been peculiarly in evidence
during the four centuries that have gone by since the discovery of
America and the rounding of the Cape of Good Hope. These have been the
four centuries of by far the most intense and constantly accelerating
rapidity of movement and development that the world has yet seen. The
movement has covered all the fields of human activity. It has
witnessed an altogether unexampled spread of civilized mankind over
the world, as well as an altogether unexampled advance in man's
dominion over nature; and this together with a literary and artistic
activity to be matched in but one previous epoch. This period of
extension and development has been that of one race, the so-called
white race, or, to speak more accurately, the group of peoples living
in Europe, who undoubtedly have a certain kinship of blood, who
profess the Christian religion, and trace back their culture to Greece
and Rome.
The memories of men are short, and it is easy to forget how brief is
this period of unquestioned supremacy of the so-called white race. It
is but a thing of yesterday. During the thousand years which went
before the opening of this era of European supremacy, the attitude of
Asia and Africa, of Hun and Mongol, Turk and Tartar, Arab and Moor,
had on the whole been that of successful aggression against Europe.
More than a century went by after the voyages of Columbus before the
mastery in war began to pass from the Asiatic to the European. During
that time Europe produced no generals or conquerors able to stand
comparison with Selim and Solyman, Baber and Akbar. Then the European
advance gathered momentum; until at the present time peoples of
European blood hold dominion over all America and Australia and the
islands of the sea, over most of Africa, and the major half of Asia.
Much of this world conquest is merely political, and such a conquest
is always likely in the long run to vanish. But very much of it
represents not a merely political, but an ethnic conquest; the
intrusive people having either exterminated or driven out the
conquered peoples, or else having imposed upon them its tongue, law,
culture, and religion, together with a strain of its blood. During
this period substantially all of the world achievements worth
remembering are to be credited to the people of European descent. The
first exception of any consequence is the wonderful rise of Japan
within the last generation--a phenomenon unexampled in history; for
both in blood and in culture the Japanese line of ancestral descent is
as remote as possible from ours, and yet Japan, while hitherto keeping
most of what was strongest in her ancient character and traditions,
has assimilated with curious completeness most of the characteristics
that have given power and leadership to the West.
During this period of intense and feverish activity among the peoples
of European stock, first one and then another has taken the lead. The
movement began with Spain and Portugal. Their flowering time was as
brief as it was wonderful. The gorgeous pages of their annals are
illumined by the figures of warriors, explorers, statesmen, poets, and
painters. Then their days of greatness ceased. Many partial
explanations can be given, but something remains behind, some hidden
force for evil, some hidden source of weakness upon which we cannot
lay our hands. Yet there are many signs that in the New World, after
centuries of arrested growth, the peoples of Spanish and Portuguese
stock are entering upon another era of development, and there are
other signs that this is true also in the Iberian peninsula itself.
About the time that the first brilliant period of the leadership of
the Iberian peoples was drawing to a close, at the other end of
Europe, in the land of melancholy steppe and melancholy forest, the
Slav turned in his troubled sleep and stretched out his hand to grasp
leadership and dominion. Since then almost every nation of Europe has
at one time or another sought a place in the movement of expansion;
but for the last three centuries the great phenomenon of mankind has
been the growth of the English-speaking peoples and their spread over
the world's waste spaces.
Comparison is often made between the Empire of Britain and the Empire
of Rome. When judged relatively to the effect on all modern
civilization, the Empire of Rome is of course the more important,
simply because all the nations of Europe and their offshoots in other
continents trace back their culture either to the earlier Rome by the
Tiber, or the later Rome by the Bosphorus. The Empire of Rome is the
most stupendous fact in lay history; no empire later in time can be
compared with it. But this is merely another way of saying that the
nearer the source the more important becomes any deflection of the
stream's current. Absolutely, comparing the two empires one with the
other in point of actual achievement, and disregarding the immensely
increased effect on other civilizations which inhered in the older
empire because it antedated the younger by a couple of thousand years,
there is little to choose between them as regards the wide and
abounding interest and importance of their careers.
In the world of antiquity each great empire rose when its predecessor
had already crumbled. By the time that Rome loomed large over the
horizon of history, there were left for her to contend with only
decaying civilizations and raw barbarism. When she conquered Pyrrhus,
she strove against the strength of but one of the many fragments into
which Alexander's kingdom had fallen. When she conquered Carthage, she
overthrew a foe against whom for two centuries the single Greek city
of Syracuse had contended on equal terms; it was not the Sepoy armies
of the Carthaginian plutocracy, but the towering genius of the House
of Barca, which rendered the struggle for ever memorable. It was the
distance and the desert, rather than the Parthian horse-bowmen, that
set bounds to Rome in the east; and on the north her advance was
curbed by the vast reaches of marshy woodland, rather than by the tall
barbarians who dwelt therein. During the long generations of her
greatness, and until the sword dropped from her withered hand, the
Parthian was never a menace of aggression, and the German threatened
her but to die.
On the contrary, the great expansion of England has occurred, the
great Empire of Britain has been achieved, during the centuries that
have also seen mighty military nations rise and flourish on the
continent of Europe. It is as if Rome, while creating and keeping the
empire she won between the days of Scipio and the days of Trajan, had
at the same time held her own with the Nineveh of Sargon and Tiglath,
the Egypt of Thothmes and Rameses, and the kingdoms of Persia and
Macedon in the red flush of their warrior-dawn. The Empire of Britain
is vaster in space, in population, in wealth, in wide variety of
possession, in a history of multiplied and manifold achievement of
every kind, than even the glorious Empire of Rome. Yet, unlike Rome,
Britain has won dominion in every clime, has carried her flag by
conquest and settlement to the uttermost ends of the earth, at the
very time that haughty and powerful rivals, in their abounding youth
or strong maturity, were eager to set bounds to her greatness, and to
tear from her what she had won afar. England has peopled continents
with her children, has swayed the destinies of teeming myriads of
alien race, has ruled ancient monarchies, and wrested from all comers
the right to the world's waste spaces, while at home she has held her
own before nations, each of military power comparable to Rome's at her
zenith.
Rome fell by attack from without only because the ills within her own
borders had grown incurable. What is true of your country, my hearers,
is true of my own; while we should be vigilant against foes from
without, yet we need never really fear them so long as we safeguard
ourselves against the enemies within our own households; and these
enemies are our own passions and follies. Free peoples can escape
being mastered by others only by being able to master themselves. We
Americans and you people of the British Isles alike need ever to keep
in mind that, among the many qualities indispensable to the success of
a great democracy, and second only to a high and stern sense of duty,
of moral obligation, are self-knowledge and self-mastery. You, my
hosts, and I may not agree in all our views; some of you would think
me a very radical democrat--as, for the matter of that, I am--and my
theory of imperialism would probably suit the anti-imperialists as
little as it would suit a certain type of forcible-feeble imperialist.
But there are some points on which we must all agree if we think
soundly. The precise form of government, democratic or otherwise, is
the instrument, the tool, with which we work. It is important to have
a good tool. But, even if it is the best possible, it is only a tool.
No implement can ever take the place of the guiding intelligence that
wields it. A very bad tool will ruin the work of the best craftsman;
but a good tool in bad hands is no better. In the last analysis the
all-important factor in national greatness is national character.
There are questions which we of the great civilized nations are ever
tempted to ask of the future. Is our time of growth drawing to an end?
Are we as nations soon to come under the rule of that great law of
death which is itself but part of the great law of life? None can
tell. Forces that we can see, and other forces that are hidden or that
can but dimly be apprehended, are at work all around us, both for
good and for evil. The growth in luxury, in love of ease, in taste for
vapid and frivolous excitement, is both evident and unhealthy. The
most ominous sign is the diminution in the birth-rate, in the rate of
natural increase, now to a larger or lesser degree shared by most of
the civilized nations of Central and Western Europe, of America and
Australia; a diminution so great that if it continues for the next
century at the rate which has obtained for the last twenty-five years,
all the more highly civilized peoples will be stationary or else have
begun to go backward in population, while many of them will have
already gone very far backward.
There is much that should give us concern for the future. But there is
much also which should give us hope. No man is more apt to be mistaken
than the prophet of evil. After the French Revolution in 1830 Niebuhr
hazarded the guess that all civilization was about to go down with a
crash, that we were all about to share the fall of third-and
fourth-century Rome--a respectable, but painfully overworked,
comparison. The fears once expressed by the followers of Malthus as to
the future of the world have proved groundless as regards the
civilized portion of the world; it is strange indeed to look back at
Carlyle's prophecies of some seventy years ago, and then think of the
teeming life of achievement, the life of conquest of every kind, and
of noble effort crowned by success, which has been ours for the two
generations since he complained to High Heaven that all the tales had
been told and all the songs sung, and that all the deeds really worth
doing had been done. I believe with all my heart that a great future
remains for us; but whether it does or does not, our duty is not
altered. However the battle may go, the soldier worthy of the name
will with utmost vigor do his allotted task, and bear himself as
valiantly in defeat as in victory. Come what will, we belong to
peoples who have not yielded to the craven fear of being great. In the
ages that have gone by, the great nations, the nations that have
expanded and that have played a mighty part in the world, have in the
end grown old and weakened and vanished; but so have the nations whose
only thought was to avoid all danger, all effort, who would risk
nothing, and who therefore gained nothing. In the end, the same fate
may overwhelm all alike; but the memory of the one type perishes with
it, while the other leaves its mark deep on the history of all the
future of mankind.
A nation that seemingly dies may be born again; and even though in the
physical sense it die utterly, it may yet hand down a history of
heroic achievement, and for all time to come may profoundly influence
the nations that arise in its place by the impress of what it has
done. Best of all is it to do our part well, and at the same time to
see our blood live young and vital in men and women fit to take up the
task as we lay it down; for so shall our seed inherit the earth. But
if this, which is best, is denied us, then at least it is ours to
remember that if we choose we can be torch-bearers, as our fathers
were before us. The torch has been handed on from nation to nation,
from civilization to civilization, throughout all recorded time, from
the dim years before history dawned down to the blazing splendor of
this teeming century of ours. It dropped from the hands of the coward
and the sluggard, of the man wrapped in luxury or love of ease, the
man whose soul was eaten away by self-indulgence; it has been kept
alight only by those who were mighty of heart and cunning of hand.
What they worked at, provided it was worth doing at all, was of less
matter than how they worked, whether in the realm of the mind or the
realm of the body. If their work was good, if what they achieved was
of substance, then high success was really theirs.
In the first part of this lecture I drew certain analogies between
what has occurred to forms of animal life through the procession of
the ages on this planet, and what has occurred and is occurring to the
great artificial civilizations which have gradually spread over the
world's surface, during the thousands of years that have elapsed since
cities of temples and palaces first rose beside the Nile and the
Euphrates, and the harbors of Minoan Crete bristled with the masts of
the Ægean craft. But of course the parallel is true only in the
roughest and most general way. Moreover, even between the
civilizations of to-day and the civilizations of ancient times, there
are differences so profound that we must be cautious in drawing any
conclusions for the present based on what has happened in the past.
While freely admitting all of our follies and weaknesses of to-day, it
is yet mere perversity to refuse to realize the incredible advance
that has been made in ethical standards. I do not believe that there
is the slightest necessary connection between any weakening of virile
force and this advance in the moral standard, this growth of the sense
of obligation to one's neighbor and of reluctance to do that neighbor
wrong. We need have scant patience with that silly cynicism which
insists that kindliness of character only accompanies weakness of
character. On the contrary, just as in private life many of the men of
strongest character are the very men of loftiest and most exalted
morality, so I believe that in national life, as the ages go by, we
shall find that the permanent national types will more and more tend
to become those in which, though intellect stands high, character
stands higher; in which rugged strength and courage, rugged capacity
to resist wrongful aggression by others, will go hand in hand with a
lofty scorn of doing wrong to others. This is the type of Timoleon, of
Hampden, of Washington, and Lincoln. These were as good men, as
disinterested and unselfish men, as ever served a State; and they were
also as strong men as ever founded or saved a State. Surely such
examples prove that there is nothing Utopian in our effort to combine
justice and strength in the same nation. The really high civilizations
must themselves supply the antidote to the self-indulgence and love
of ease which they tend to produce.
Every modern civilized nation has many and terrible problems to solve
within its own borders, problems that arise not merely from
juxtaposition of poverty and riches, but especially from the
self-consciousness of both poverty and riches. Each nation must deal
with these matters in its own fashion, and yet the spirit in which the
problem is approached must ever be fundamentally the same. It must be
a spirit of broad humanity; of brotherly kindness; of acceptance of
responsibility, one for each and each for all; and at the same time a
spirit as remote as the poles from every form of weakness and
sentimentality. As in war to pardon the coward is to do cruel wrong to
the brave man whose life his cowardice jeopardizes, so in civil
affairs it is revolting to every principle of justice to give to the
lazy, the vicious, or even the feeble or dull-witted, a reward which
is really the robbery of what braver, wiser, abler men have earned.
The only effective way to help any man is to help him to help himself;
and the worst lesson to teach him is that he can be permanently helped
at the expense of some one else. True liberty shows itself to best
advantage in protecting the rights of others, and especially of
minorities. Privilege should not be tolerated because it is to the
advantage of a minority; nor yet because it is to the advantage of a
majority. No doctrinaire theories of vested rights or freedom of
contract can stand in the way of our cutting out abuses from the body
politic. Just as little can we afford to follow the doctrinaires of an
impossible--and incidentally of a highly undesirable--social
revolution, which in destroying individual rights--including property
rights--and the family, would destroy the two chief agents in the
advance of mankind, and the two chief reasons why either the advance
or the preservation of mankind is worth while. It is an evil and a
dreadful thing to be callous to sorrow and suffering and blind to our
duty to do all things possible for the betterment of social
conditions. But it is an unspeakably foolish thing to strive for this
betterment by means so destructive that they would leave no social
conditions to better. In dealing with all these social problems, with
the intimate relations of the family, with wealth in private use and
business use, with labor, with poverty, the one prime necessity is to
remember that though hardness of heart is a great evil it is no
greater an evil than softness of head.
But in addition to these problems, the most intimate and important of
all, and which to a larger or less degree affect all the modern
nations somewhat alike, we of the great nations that have expanded,
that are now in complicated relations with one another and with alien
races, have special problems and special duties of our own. You belong
to a nation which possesses the greatest empire upon which the sun has
ever shone. I belong to a nation which is trying on a scale hitherto
unexampled to work out the problems of government for, of, and by the
people, while at the same time doing the international duty of a great
Power. But there are certain problems which both of us have to solve,
and as to which our standards should be the same. The Englishman, the
man of the British Isles, in his various homes across the seas, and
the American, both at home and abroad, are brought into contact with
utterly alien peoples, some with a civilization more ancient than our
own, others still in, or having but recently arisen from, the
barbarism which our people left behind ages ago. The problems that
arise are of well-nigh inconceivable difficulty. They cannot be solved
by the foolish sentimentality of stay-at-home people, with little
patent recipes, and those cut-and-dried theories of the political
nursery which have such limited applicability amid the crash of
elemental forces. Neither can they be solved by the raw brutality of
the men who, whether at home or on the rough frontier of civilization,
adopt might as the only standard of right in dealing with other men,
and treat alien races only as subjects for exploitation.
No hard-and-fast rule can be drawn as applying to all alien races,
because they differ from one another far more widely than some of them
differ from us. But there are one or two rules which must not be
forgotten. In the long run there can be no justification for one race
managing or controlling another unless the management and control are
exercised in the interest and for the benefit of that other race. This
is what our peoples have in the main done, and must continue in the
future in even greater degree to do, in India, Egypt, and the
Philippines alike. In the next place, as regards every race,
everywhere, at home or abroad, we cannot afford to deviate from the
great rule of righteousness which bids us treat each man on his worth
as a man. He must not be sentimentally favored because he belongs to a
given race; he must not be given immunity in wrong-doing or permitted
to cumber the ground, or given other privileges which would be denied
to the vicious and unfit among ourselves. On the other hand, where he
acts in a way which would entitle him to respect and reward if he was
one of our own stock, he is just as entitled to that respect and
reward if he comes of another stock, even though that other stock
produces a much smaller proportion of men of his type than does our
own. This has nothing to do with social intermingling, with what is
called social equality. It has to do merely with the question of doing
to each man and each woman that elementary justice which will permit
him or her to gain from life the reward which should always accompany
thrift, sobriety, self-control, respect for the rights of others, and
hard and intelligent work to a given end. To more than such just
treatment no man is entitled, and less than such just treatment no man
should receive.
The other type of duty is the international duty, the duty owed by one
nation to another. I hold that the laws of morality which should
govern individuals in their dealings one with the other, are just as
binding concerning nations in their dealings one with the other. The
application of the moral law must be different in the two cases,
because in one case it has, and in the other it has not, the sanction
of a civil law with force behind it. The individual can depend for his
rights upon the courts, which themselves derive their force from the
police power of the State. The nation can depend upon nothing of the
kind; and therefore, as things are now, it is the highest duty of the
most advanced and freest peoples to keep themselves in such a state of
readiness as to forbid to any barbarism or despotism the hope of
arresting the progress of the world by striking down the nations that
lead in that progress. It would be foolish indeed to pay heed to the
unwise persons who desire disarmament to be begun by the very peoples
who, of all others, should not be left helpless before any possible
foe. But we must reprobate quite as strongly both the leaders and the
peoples who practise, or encourage, or condone, aggression and
iniquity by the strong at the expense of the weak. We should tolerate
lawlessness and wickedness neither by the weak nor by the strong; and
both weak and strong we should in return treat with scrupulous
fairness. The foreign policy of a great and self-respecting country
should be conducted on exactly the same plane of honor, for insistence
upon one's own rights and of respect for the rights of others, that
marks the conduct of a brave and honorable man when dealing with his
fellows. Permit me to support this statement out of my own experience.
For nearly eight years I was the head of a great nation, and charged
especially with the conduct of its foreign policy; and during those
years I took no action with reference to any other people on the face
of the earth that I would not have felt justified in taking as an
individual in dealing with other individuals.
I believe that we of the great civilized nations of to-day have a
right to feel that long careers of achievement lie before our several
countries. To each of us is vouchsafed the honorable privilege of
doing his part, however small, in that work. Let us strive hardily for
success even if by so doing we risk failure, spurning the poorer souls
of small endeavor who know neither failure nor success. Let us hope
that our own blood shall continue in the land, that our children and
children's children to endless generations shall arise to take our
places and play a mighty and dominant part in the world. But whether
this be denied or granted by the years we shall not see, let at least
the satisfaction be ours that we have carried onward the lighted torch
in our own day and generation. If we do this, then, as our eyes close,
and we go out into the darkness, and others' hands grasp the torch, at
least we can say that our part has been borne well and valiantly.
FOLLOWED BY THE DELIVERY OF
THE ROMANES LECTURE
THE HON'BLE THEODORE ROOSEVELT
HON. D.C.L.
LORD CURZON OF KEDLESTON
PRESIDING
Convocation and the Romanes Lecture, June 7, 1910[16]
[16] An artistically printed pamphlet, containing, with text in
Latin and in English, the programme and ritual here given, was
placed by the University authorities in the hands of each member
of the audience.--L.F.A.
THE CHANCELLOR.
Causa huius Convocationis est, Academici, ut, si vobis placuerit, in
virum Honorabilem Theodorum Roosevelt, Civitatum Foederatarum Americae
Borealis olim Praesidentem, Gradus Doctoris in Iure Civili conferatur
honoris causa; ut Praelectio exspectatissima ab eodem, Doctore in
Universitate facto novissimo, coram vobis pronuncietur; necnon ut alia
peragantur, quae ad Venerabilem hanc Domum spectant.
Placetne igitur Venerabili huic Convocationi ut in virum Honorabilem
Theodorum Roosevelt Gradus Doctoris in Iure Civili conferatur honoris
causa?
Placetne vobis, Domini Doctores? Placetne vobis, Magistri?
To the Bedels.
Ite, Bedelli! Petite Virum Honorabilem!
The Chancellor to the Vice-Chancellor, as Mr. Roosevelt takes his
place for presentation.
Hic vir, hic est, tibi quem promitti saepius audis,
Cuius in adventum pavidi cessere cometae
Et septemgemini turbant trepida ostia Nili!
PRESENTATION SPEECH by DR. HENRY GOUDY, Regius Professor of Civil Law,
Fellow of All Souls College.
Insignissime Cancellarie!
Vosque Egregii Procuratores!
Saepenumero mihi et antea contigit plurimos e Republica illa illustri
oriundos, affines nostros, vobis praesentare gradum honorarium
Doctoris in Iure Civili accepturos, inter quos vel nomina
praestantissimorum hominum citare in promptu esset. Neque tamen
quemquam vel suis ipsius meritis vel fama digniorem, qui hoc titulo
donaretur, salutavi quam hunc virum quem ad vos duco.
Batavorum antiqua stirpe ortus, sicut et nomen ipsius inclitum
indicat, Americanae patriae germanum civem sese praestitit; in qua
nemo sane laudem maiorem Reipublicae suae suorum iudicio contulisse
creditur.
Tardius quidem ad Britannos fama nominis inclaruit, imprimis tum quum
certamine inter Hispanos atque suos orto alae Equitum praefectus rei
militaris sese peritissimum ostentabat. Huic autem, omnia scire
ardenti, nulla pars humanitatis supervacua aut negligenda videbatur.
Manifesto quippe declaravit, ut cum poeta loquar:
"Non sibi sed toti genitum se credere mundo,"
atque exinde annales non tantum patriae suae sed totius terrarum orbis
exemplo virtutis implere.
Quippe bis Hercule! in locum amplissimum Praesulis Reipublicae suae
electus egregio illo in statu ita se gerebat ut laudes et nomen magni
illius antecessoris, Abraham Lincoln, vel aequipararet--quorum alter
servitudinem, alter corruptionem vicit. Unde et spem licet concipere
ut viro bis summum civitatis honorem adepto accedat et denuo idem ille
honor terna vice, numero auspicatissimo, numerandus.
Fortem hospitis nostri animum et tenacem propositi novimus; felicitati
et otio non modo suorum sed etiam gentium exterarum consuluit:
bellator ipse atque idem pacis omnibus terrae gentibus firmandae
auctor indefessus, sicut et exemplum illustre praebuit nuper foedere
icto post bellum inter Iapones et Scytharum populos gestuni. Neque
idem pacem veram esse iudicavit, nisi quae iustitiae et ipsa
inniteretur; quippe civitates laude dignas negavit quibus nee in se
ipsis constaret fides et animi magnitudo.
Venatoriam artem exercuit, historiae naturalis amator; post dimissum
opus civicum requiem in Africae solitudinibus nuper quaesivit ubi in
feras terrae non minore animo, successu haud minore, ferrum exacuit
quam in malos saeculi mores saevire solitus est.
Iam tandem, laboribus functus, patriam suam repetiturus nobiscum
paulum temporis commoratur Ulysses ille alter, viarum pariter expertus
et consiliorum largitor.
Neque praetermittendum est hospitem nostrum, dum varias artes colit,
Musarum opus non neglexisse, stilo non minus quam lingua facundus;
quem nos, Academici, magnis de rebus loquentem hodie audituri sumus.
Hunc igitur praesento
Theodorum Roosevelt,
ut admittatur ad gradum Doctoris in Iure Civili honoris causa.
The Chancellor to Mr. Roosevelt in admitting him to the Degree.
Strenuissime, insignissime, civium toto orbe terrae hodie agentium,
summum ingentis rei publicae magistratum bis incorrupte gestum, ter
forsitan gesture, augustissimis regibus par, hominum domitor, beluarum
ubique vastator, homo omnium humanissime, nihil a te alienum, ne
nigerrimum quidem, putans, ego auctoritate Mea et totius Universitatis
admitto te ad Gradum Doctoris in Iure Civili _honoris causa_.
The Chancellor to the Bedels.
Ite, Bedelli! Ducite Doctorem Honorabilem ad Pulpitum!
The Chancellor will then, in English, welcome Mr. Roosevelt to
Oxford, and invite him to deliver his Lecture.
At the close of the Lecture the Chancellor will direct the
Vice-Chancellor to dissolve the Convocation as follows:
Iamque tempus enim est, Insignissime mi Vice-Cancellarie, dissolve,
quaeso, Convocationem.
The Vice-Chancellor will dissolve the Convocation as follows:
Celsissime Domine Cancellarie, iussu tuo dissolvimus hanc
Convocationem.
Convocation and the Romanes Lecture
TRANSLATION OF THE LATIN
The object of this Convocation is, that, if it be your pleasure,
Gentlemen of the University, the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil
Law may be conferred on the Honorable Theodore Roosevelt, ex-President
of the United States of North America, that the long-expected Romanes
Lecture may be delivered by him, when he has been made the youngest
Doctor in the University, and that any other business should be
transacted which may belong to this Venerable House.
Is it the pleasure then of this Venerable House that the Honorary
Degree of Doctor of Civil Law should be conferred upon the Honorable
Theodore Roosevelt? Is it your pleasure, Reverend Doctors? Is it your
pleasure, Masters of the University?
Go, Bedels, and bring in the Honorable gentleman!
The Chancellor to the Vice-Chancellor.
Behold, Vice-Chancellor, the promised wight,
Before whose coming comets turned to flight,
And all the startled mouths of sevenfold Nile took fright!
PRESENTATION SPEECH by DR. HENRY GOUDY.
It has been my privilege to present in former years many distinguished
citizens of the great American Republic for our honorary degree of
Doctor of Laws, but none of them have surpassed in merit or obtained
such world-wide celebrity as he whom I now present to you. Of ancient
Dutch lineage, as his name indicates, but still a genuine American,
he has long been an outstanding figure among his fellow citizens. He
first became known to us in England during the Spanish-American War,
when he commanded a regiment of cavalry and proved himself a most
capable military leader. Omnivorous in his quest of knowledge, nothing
in human affairs seemed to him superfluous or negligible. In the
language of the poet, one might say of him--"Non sibi sed toti genitum
se credere mundo." Twice has he been elevated to the position of
President of the Republic, and in performing the duties of that high
office has acquired a title to be ranked with his great predecessor
Abraham Lincoln--"Quorum alter servitudinem, alter corruptionem
vicit." May we not presage that still a third time--most auspicious of
numbers--he may be called upon to take the reins of government?
With unrivalled energy and tenacity of purpose he has combined lofty
ideals with a sincere devotion to the practical needs not only of his
fellow countrymen, but of humanity at large. A sincere friend of peace
among nations--who does not know of his successful efforts to
terminate the devastating war between Russia and Japan?--he has also
firmly held that Peace is only a good thing when combined with justice
and right. He has ever asserted that a nation can only hope to survive
if it be self-respecting and makes itself respected by others.
A noted sportsman and lover of Natural History, he has recently, after
his arduous labors as Head of the State, been seeking relaxation in
distant Africa, where his onslaughts on the wild beasts of the desert
have been not less fierce nor less successful than over the
many-headed hydra of corruption in his own land.
Now, like another Ulysses, on his homeward way he has come to us for a
brief interval, after visiting many cities and discoursing on many
themes.
Nor must I omit to remind you that our guest, amid his engrossing
duties of State, has not neglected the Muses. Not less facile with the
pen than the tongue, he has written on many topics, and this afternoon
it will be our privilege to listen to him discoursing on a lofty
By the Chancellor.
Most strenuous of men, most distinguished of citizens to-day playing a
part on the stage of the world, you who have twice administered with
purity the first Magistracy of the Great Republic (and may perhaps
administer it a third time), peer of the most august Kings, queller of
men, destroyer of monsters wherever found, yet the most human of
mankind, deeming nothing indifferent to you, not even the blackest of
the black; I, by my authority and that of the whole University, admit
you to the Degree of Doctor of Civil Law, _honoris causa_.
Go, Bedels, conduct the Honorable Doctor to the Lectern!
Here follows the Chancellor's welcome, and the Romanes Lecture.
After the Lecture, the Chancellor to the Vice-Chancellor.
And now, my dear Vice-Chancellor--for it is time--be good enough to
dissolve the Convocation!
The Vice-Chancellor.
Exalted Lord Chancellor, at your bidding we dissolve the Convocation.
*** End of this Doctrine Publishing Corporation Digital Book "African and European Addresses" ***
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Commercial Appraiser La Canada/ Appraisal La Canada-Flintridge, Commercial Appraiser Los Angeles, Southern California, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Appraisal, Real Estate Appraiser Orange Riverside Ventura San Bernardino Counties,
IT’S THE LAW-Designation Discrimination is Illegal [FIRREA, Sec. 564.6]: Professional Association Membership: Membership in an appraisal organization: A State
Certified General Appraiser may not be excluded from consideration for an assignment for a federally related transaction by virtue of membership or lack of
membership in any particular appraisal organization (Including the Appraisal Institute (AKA mai)
What, in the world, are they Doing wRONG? Appraisal Institute suffers another loss! "AI commercial database bites the dust." Appraisal Institute (AI) will be closing down the AI
Commercial Database on November 1, 2005.
(Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Appraisal Services, millionaire services, Real Estate Appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, find appraiser, find real estate
appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Orange Riverside Ventura San Bernardino Counties, )
Ross: "I’d like to see the organization (the appraisal institute) strengthen its ties with the academic community. The profession needs to focus now on developing more
theoretically based tools and on things like behavioral finance and economics – which is ultimately what dictates the operation of markets. I’ve often stated that the mark of any
profession is in the development of new theory, and in my estimation there have been few, if any, advances in this regard in the appraisal profession for the last 25 years
or more. I’d like to see the Appraisal Institute more involved in some way in such thought creation."
Are predetermined Appraisal ADJUSTMENTS Legal/Ethical? Please see attached Predetermined adjustments provided by Curtis - Rosenthal, Inc. (MAI Appraiser
Los Angeles) LLC. an MAI Firm. You be the judge and get back with us or call them for this years update. If your property was acquired by the Los Angeles World
Airport (LAWA) you had better read this!
Each comparable sale that is used in the sales comparison approach to value must be analyzed for differences and similarities between it and the property that is being appraised.
The appraiser must base his or her analysis and any adjustments to the comparable sales on the market data for the particular neighborhood and for competing locat1ons—not on
predetermined or assumed dollar adjustments. If an appraiser's adjustments to comparable sales (or the reconciliation of the comparable sales) are based on unsupported
assumptions or personal opinion that cannot be supported by market data, poor quality appraisals that could have a discriminatory effect may result."
<Los Angeles and Southern California, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Forensic Appraiser Los Angeles, Forensic Appraisal, Commercial appraisal, Curtis-Rosenthal Inc. real estate appraiser &
consultant, Expert Witness, Real Estate consultant, LA, L.A., Southern California, commercial appraiser, appraiser los angeles, real estate appraiser, condemnation appraiser, la commercial appraiser, ca
commercial appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Appraisal Services,>
(commercial appraiser los angeles, inverse condemnation appraiser, expert witness real estate, real property, commercial appraiser, commercial real estate, Los Angeles, Estate , Probate, Trust, Tax, MAI
Appraiser, LA, L.A., real estate land los angeles, commercial real estate inspectors, real estate brokers, los angeles, real estate appraiser, Los Angeles, llp, mark to marker, Land Appraiser, Special Purpose
Property Appraiser, Office Property, Commercial appraisal, Restaurant, Apartment, VANDEMA, Southern California Commercial Real Estate, Residential Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser,California Appraiser,PMI
Removal, Certified General, Tax , Multi Family , Bank appraisal institute,Apraiser, comp check, value check)
The Los Angeles World Airport's (LAWA) Director of Economic Development admits that the Manchester Square “Voluntary Purchase” Program is a part of LAWA’s Master Plan. This statement was supported by
one staff member who presented maps indicating that this area has been set aside for parking.
This Freudian slip of the tough could have major legal consequences since under the agencies “voluntary purchase program” homeowners were not paid Fair Market Value which is “the highest price” required by
State Law in condemnation cases.
This in addition to using unethical appraisal practices like using unqualified appraisal trainees, consultants colluding on values, standardized comparable adjustments, and in some cases- appraising of property
based upon it's existing use, rather than it's “highest and best use.” It is estimated that these combined, secret practices, have cost property owners millions.
The Director also stated that he foresaw a number of inverse condemnation cases being filed against the agency, by current residents, because the LAWA project has left their neighborhood in a shambles.
If you are a homeowner, property, or seller of property to LAWA in this area we strongly suggest that you contact a qualified Real Estate Condemnation Attorney, or Relocation Expert, and demand a full hearing
into these issues.
It appears that discrimination is something that the Appraisal Institute knows a lot about. In fact they use to be called The American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers until they were
sued, for discrimination, by the Federal Government. They then changed their name to the Appraisal Institute, same pig, different shade of lipstick. (The MAI Appraiser Standard,
Larry A Mc Coy, MAI) Application Local governments are not immune from proscriptions of Title VIII, and may be sued. United States v Black Jack ... provides for actions against
states and political subdivisions as well as actions against private transactions and practices; comprehensive purpose of Fair Housing Act)... would be diluted if it were to apply only to
actions of private individuals and entities. ... applies to appraisers of real estate. United States v American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers etc. (1977, ND Ill) 442 F Supp 1072, 24
FR Serv 2d 880, app dismd (CA7 Ill) 590 F2d 242, 48 ALR Fed 657. 42 USCS ? 3604(a, b, d)’
How many errors can you find in this appraisal prepared by Jeffrey T. Nagasaki, MAI of Lea Associates. They also perform similar low quality work for the Los Angeles Unified School
District and the County of Los Angeles. (Condemnation Appraiser, Inverse Condemnation Appraiser)
Here are some tips from seasoned practitioner, David Rosenthal, MAI (Managing Director of Curtis-Rosenthal, LLC) that can help make your next appraisal experience easy and
productive.
"4. Supply all of your market data, up front. Nothing says that your appraiser has to independently find all of the relevant market information. Data is data, so make the job easier
and share any market data that you have already developed. The appraiser will decide which data to use and how to best use it. Give your appraiser a running start with the benefit
of your advance research."
If the bank’s board of directors were the ones doing the looting, however, they readily hired a pliant appraiser to cook up whatever appraisal value they wanted. Behind every
fraudulent loan was a fraudulent appraisal. It is nearly impossible for appraisers to render independent appraisals if the people hiring them do not want one. When I was in public
accounting, auditors joked that MAI stood for “Made As Instructed.” The commercial appraisals were largely worthless because they were not independently rendered. It is so
obvious that it should be beneath mention, but that situation still exists.
Even if the bank could not find a bona fide buyer, it was supposed to write down the property to fair market value on the books, taking the loss on its financial statements. The S&L
industry, however, was in dire straits. Reporting a commercial loss on the deal would not look good, and might get bank regulators, auditors and others asking questions. Here is
what the bank did to hide its loss. Another developer showed up, with similar delusions of grandeur and an equally pitiful pipedream, except his was twice as large. He wanted a $6
million construction loan. The bank hired an appraiser to concoct the appraisal for the original empty strip mall that valued it at $5 million, even higher than the original pie-in-the-sky
price tag that the original developer dreamed up. The MAI commercial appraiser would appraise it for whatever number the bank wanted. The bank would tell the second
developer that it would loan him the $6 million if he would buy the empty strip mall for $5 million. The bank would loan the developer the money to make the down payment on the
empty strip mall, and the first two years of loan payments. The developer never got his hands on that money, but the bank held it in escrow, taking the money out of the commercial
account to make the down payment and loan payments.
When the bank made the $6 million commercial construction loan to the second developer, and played internal accounting games to concoct the “sale” of the first strip mall, instead
of recording the $1 million loss, it recorded a $2 million gain, had a new performing loan on the first strip mall, and the loan was guaranteed to have loan payments made on it for two
years. Here is a chart to show how the commercial bank hid the loss.
So, with some fancy games and pliant appraisers, the commercial bank recorded a $2 million gain on its deal making. The reality, however, was that $9 million had gone out the door,
the bank was paying 15% interest to depositors, and no money was coming in, not even interest payments. "
1. The Defendants Improperly Used Bargain Sale Transactions to Conceal the True Financial Condition of Defendant Church Extension 30. From at least 1996 to at least April 2002,
the Defendants and others engaged in a scheme to conceal Defendant Church Extension's mounting financial difficulties in order to, among other things, entice investors to invest
and/or reinvest. Specifically, the Defendants and others improperly used bargain sale transactions to generate false paper income by recognizing the difference between the price
paid by Defendant Church Extension and/or United Management and falsely inflated appraisal values as non-cash contributions. Some of appraisers used in connection with the
bargain sale transactions were Members of the Appraisal Institute, i.e., MAI appraisals. The appraisals used by the Defendants and others were false for several reasons, including,
but not limited to: a) the use of overstated net-operating income figures, which formed the basis of some appraisals; b) the failure to account for the limited real-estate market of some
of the properties, due to federal regulations and private covenants; and c) the failure to account for potential environmental hazards on some of the real-estate properties.
Significantly, because inflated appraisal values were used, the price paid by Defendants Church Extension and/or United Management was a much closer reflection of the actual
value of the properties than the inflated appraisal values. Thus, as a result of using falsely inflated appraisal values, the Defendants and others artificially increased the amount of
non-cash contributions that Defendants Church Extension and/or United Management recognized as income.
3. Therefore, on the basis of our review of the record, we conclude that the court properly determined that the plaintiff had met its burden of showing that the city's assessor (jOHN
lEARY, mai) had overvalued the subject property and that such a finding was legally and logically correct and supported by the evidence before the court.
5. "As a residential review appraiser with 14 years experience, I see appraiser fraud weekly," says a northeastern appraiser who says he is working with the FBI. At the same time I
was turning in these 17 fraud reports, I was warned by a prominent Appraisal Institute member not to submit those of a certain ethnic race appraiser because he was well politically
entrenched and it could backfire on me," notes the source. "Also, at the same time, I confided in a local Member of the Appraisal Institute (MAI) about the appraisal fraud both in
my local area and inside his local AI residential membership. This MAI later told me to be careful because I could die by the same sword I was wielding (a professional death,
not physical death)."
I'm looking at an MAI (commercial appraiser) appraisal right now from one of the most respected appraisers in our area that I know has been influenced in several ways (the appraisal
has been influenced, not him). The representations from the owner of the property concerning zoning, development, potential purchase offers and comparable sales have boosted
the value.
8. The behavior of this Member of the Appraisal Institute (MAI) is unacceptable if not outrageous. I've heard no one suggest otherwise. I dislike putting it this bluntly, but here it is in a
nutshell: For the sake of preserving or regaining integrity in North Carolina appraising, it has become necessary to put the Appraisal Institute to the test. The questions are these:
9. If memory serves me correctly, it was members of the Appraisal Institute (the self proclaimed leader of appraisal association, designated with the "prestigious" MAI that were co-
conspirators of the S&L crisis.
Industry organizations are concerned with one thing: their own survival. With appraisal organizations competing for members, they are more focused on their own self preservation
than on the betterment of the industry as a whole.
The various trade associations are impotent. The members of the Appraisal Foundation only count as one vote, so they are regularly outnumbered by the members of the very
industry that promotes appraisal fraud.
I believe that a merging of organizations is a necessity. However, I explicitely exclud the AI. The AI has regularly supported AVMs and stood against the interests of the general
practice appraiser, so it is not longer a viable force for change in the industry. In fact, they have often sided with the lending industry against the rest of the appraisal organizations.
Again, Roger hits it on the nose. An organzation that is purported to be in existance for the appraiser. Today, likely 99% of all residential appraisals are communicated to the lender
and/or clients via email or the internet. We most commonly transmit these in .pdf format since Adobe Acrobat Reader is readily available to all at no cost. Several lenders want
appraisals delivered in what is called AI (Appraisal Institute) ready format. This data format completely rearranges the data structure of the report. The data is thought to be
disseminated into their AVM database. No one but the insiders can prove this, however this format also does something else which is very disturbing. The appraiser's digital signature
is removed from the report itself and transmitted as a separate .jpg file. This comprimises the security of the report allowing the possibility of data to be changed. It is a violation of
USPAP for an appraiser to knowingly comprimise the security of their digital signatures/reports.
The malleability of (real estate) appraisals has been a fact of life since for as long as I can remember, and that is probably longer than most readers have been alive. Down around
the bankruptcy court, they used to say that "MAI" stands for "Made as Instructed."
In real estate, the Appraisal Institute awards a designation, MAI, Member, Appraisal Institute. For a variety of reasons, MAI came to have the derogatory meaning, "made as
instructed." Being an "mai" appraiser, whether in real estate, business appraisal, or any other field of expertise is a prescription for a short-term career. http://merceronvalue.
com/archives/2006/04/working_with_bu.html
13. David, from the St. Louis Chapter of the Appraisal Institute, just told me last week that at a recent seminar, an instructor from Guess Who told the group attending the seminar in
Typical Delphi Scam and Cognitive Dissonance fashion, that appraisers would go out of business if they refused to perform AVMs for the banking cartel and the GSEs. Sending the
Appraisal Institute $950 Bucks in MAI, SRPA, SRA professional dues for 2005 is going to be a really tough decision. If I can find a real job that pays, they won't get my money
anymore. Besides being a State Certified General Realty Appraiser is just as good as having Made As Instructed behind my name -- because that's what the public perceives me to
be anyway now -- a member of the world's oldest profession.
In 2002, then-Gov. Gray Davis and Sen. Dianne Feinstein, above, announce a $100 million deal for the Cargill salt ponds. Complaint against appraiser Charles Bailey (MAI) (PDF)
The settlement agreement (PDF)
The appraiser (Charles D. Bailey, MAI) whose report helped set the $100 million price taxpayers paid in the 2003 Cargill salt ponds deal has been disciplined on allegations that he
made numerous errors and violated federal standards when he set a value for the property.
The state attorney general's office brought a misconduct complaint against Charles Bailey (MAI) of Mill Valley this summer, alleging 24 significant errors in his appraisal of Cargill
lands for the federal government in December 2000.
Bailey, who denied any wrongdoing, agreed Sept. 27 to a censure of his license, known as a ``public reproval.'' He also will pay $4,000 to cover the costs of the state investigation.
Although he will keep his license and can continue working, any disciplinary action on an appraiser's record is very harmful to his career, said Deputy Attorney General Char Sachson.
News of the settlement heightened concerns that taxpayers may have overpaid by millions of dollars when government agencies bought 16,500 acres of Cargill salt evaporation
ponds from Hayward to Alviso to Redwood City in March 2003. It also brought calls Tuesday from political leaders for less secrecy in public land deals.
Anyone know any sources of gross sales per store data for specific chains? I am appraising three proposed facilities that are being leased with a level base minimum rent but actual
rent is the greater of that minimum rent or 10% of gross sales. I believe if I use the minimum I could be undervaluing, but am not comfortable using the projections provided without at
least seeing something to compare them to. They are slightly above the minimum rent threshhold.
Mr. Ness, MAI was apparently so embarrassed by his own lack of knowledge that he has removed his request from the AppraisalForum.com website. The sometimes
humorous responses are still there however.
Paul Ness posted this on AppraisersForum.com. You copied it without my permission or without Paul's permission to your web site. You also imply that Paul is incompetent by adding
the heading "IS THIS MAI APPRAISER INCOMPETENCY?". Paul is aware of this also and brought it to my attention.
I need a state licensed or certified appraiser. I am more interested in experience and education than any phony designations, that try to cover up their lack of
experience and education.
Albany — A real estate appraisal that the City of Middletown relied on to sell off a property two years ago was so riddled with faults that questions later arose over whether Robert
Buckles " (Appraisal Institute, Associate Member) prepared an appraisal with a predetermined value," a state investigator testified yesterday. In the same hearing, an expert appraiser
testified that the appraisal of the 14-acre property on Ruth Court used outdated property sales for comparisons.
I am proud to be a member of this professional organization. I had been ignorant to the extreme member benefits until I began serving on the Board in 1999. I want to inform
you of the advantages regarding Appraisal Institute membership. A few of the programs and promotions by National which benefit members include.
National has a full time staff of three attorneys in Washington, DC working on our behalf to keep up with federal legislation and other initiatives that impact our profession and to act
as a liaison to the local chapters in keeping up with state issues. We also have our own local lobbyist who works with Utah appraisers. Lobbying is one of those behind the
scenes activities that many of us may not give much thought to however, the efforts of these people affect us individually and our profession in ways that many of us are unaware.
20. Mr. Levy describes in his succinct essay the stranglehold that the banking cartel has on the realty valuation industry. The Appraisal Institute has an affiliate appraisal
management company called REAS (Real Estate Appraisal Services) which operates http://www.aidirectconnection.com. REAS is owned by Charter One Financial Corporation, the
25th largest bank holding company in the USA, home based in Ohio. Royal Bank of Scotland is in merger and acquisition negotiations with Charter One to become the 7th largest
bank holding company in the USA, after the Bank One and JPChase Manhattan merger as the second largest banking conglomerate. This conflict of interest doesn't get any more
blatant than these facts. ( AI Direct Connection® AI Direct Connection
AI Direct Connection provides the real estate marketplace with an efficient and cost-effective means to acquire quality appraisal services. Appraisers can sign up, free of charge, to
be included on the fee panel, specifying their services or specialties. AI Direct Connection then sells those services directly to the client. FIND OUT MORE HERE)
Banks have been widely lauded for their performance through the most recent downturn. Pressure for revenue growth has invariably led to deal creep--pricing concessions, then deal
structure concessions (covenant, guarantees, advance rates, etc.), and then the rationalization that otherwise marginal credits are acceptable. It takes both courage and conviction
to remain disciplined and diligent to not trade off your credit risk principles. Looking back at performance during the last downturn, some things were done particularly well, while
others could have been done better.
The Appraisal Institute has had "conflict of issue", issues for many years now. Especially with Charter One Bank and also Washington Mutual (WAMU). The Appraisal Institute doesn't
seem to care. This being "in bed" with Charter One and Washington Mutual was a big part of our boycott of the Appraisal Institute a few years ago when the AI decided to create
their own AVM (AIRD) with Charter One Bank and WAMU as their biggest backers.
Also, the AI can't even advertise without lying. They have been running radio ads here in Massachusetts, where they tout the lie that "Appraisal Institute Members are better qualified
and have more education" than non-Appraisal Institute members. I can't wait till the first homeowner here gets an AI member with only 2 years experience; and the job is way over
their head.
In a June 14 speech, a Federal Bureau of Investigation specialist said that appraisal fraud has become the most serious form of mortgage fraud. In a presentation to an American
Bankers Association conference in Orlando, Ronda Helig, supervisory special agent for the FBI, said that appraisal fraud accounts for 80 percent of all the mortgage fraud that is
reported and that the average loss per occurrence of appraisal fraud exceeds $60,000. Based on these figures, Helig called for a cooperative response between industry and law
enforcement.
Successfully using forensic appraisals (appraiser) in the tax courts requires that the property owner understand the special issues involved with these types of appraisals, as they
differ significantly from typical real estate appraisals. The differences cover the gamut of legal issues from communication between the client and the appraiser through the legal
admissibility of appraisal methodology.
A judgment confirming an insurance commercial appraisal award involving property damaged by a wildfire is reversed pursuant to an insured's claims that: 1) the award exceeded the
appraisers' jurisdiction, and the trial court erred by finding he waived the jurisdictional rule; and 2) the court erred by finding he was precluded from challenging the appraisal award
because he took possession of, but did not negotiate, checks the insurer provided him to cover the award.
Los Angeles City, Residential and Commercial Appraisal Coverage Areas: 90001, 90002, 90003, 90004, 90005, 90006, 90007, 90008, 90009, 90010, 90011, 90012, 90013, 90014, 90015, 90016, 90017, 90018,
90019, 90020, 90021, 90022, 90023, 90024, 90025, 90026, 90027, 90028, 90029, 90030, 90031, 90032, 90033, 90034, 90035, 90036, 90037, 90038, 90039, 90040, 90041, 90042, 90043, 90044, 90045,
Please call for Orange County, Ventura County, Riverside County, San Bernardino, County Coverage Areas, Real Estate Appraiser Orange Riverside Ventura San Bernardino
This is the fifth edition of the Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions. The Standards were originally published in 1971 with the most recent revision published in
1992. The existing Standards have earned a prestigious position. They are frequently cited by Congress in legislation relating to the valuation of federal land acquisitions and have
guided the appraisal process in these matters since their original issuance by the Interagency Land Acquisition Conference. & The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference,
established on November 27, 1968, by invitation of the Attorney General, is a voluntary organization composed of representatives from the many federal agencies engaged in the
acquisition of real estate for public uses. The Conference adopted and continues to adhere to several goals with respect to land acquisition, including the promulgation of uniform
appraisal standards and guidelines for appraisal reports. The broad experience of the member representatives of the Interagency Land Acquisition Conference assures that the
federal appraisal standards developed for land acquisitions are uniform, fair, and efficient. The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference is chaired by the Assistant Attorney General
for the Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice. Its activities are conducted by ad hoc committees composed of member representatives.
The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference Executive is Virginia P. Butler, Chief of the Land Acquisition Section of the Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of
Justice. James D. Eaton, MAI, of the Appraisal Unit, Department of Justice, authored this 2000 revision of the Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions. He was
assisted in this effort by Appraisal Unit Chief Brian Holly, MAI; trial attorney Marc Gordon; and Ms. Butler. These Standards were submitted to the Appraisal Institute for editorial review
and the Department of Justice grate-fully
acknowledges the editorial assistance of the Appraisal Institute in their preparation. While the vast majority of federal land acquisition is achieved through voluntary means,
sometimes litigation is necessary. With this in mind, Mr. Eaton has done an admirable job of updating the case law, expand-ing the treatment of novel or difficult valuation questions,
and recognizing the vast changes that have recently characterized the real estate appraisal profession.
During August 2006, the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®’ (NAR) Marketing Research Department invited 86,777 appraiser members and recipients of the Appraisal
Section of the weekly NAR ListServe message to participate in an online survey. Findings reflected in this report were collected from responses received between August 10th and
25th, 2006.
The goal of the survey was to understand how Appraiser members conduct their business, obtain appraisal industry information, and make decisions on their appraisal education and
designations.
In January 2006 the new edition of USPAP will be available and distributed, though its changes will not become effective until June. The Appraisal Standards Board
The revisions in the 2006 Edition of USP Appraisal Practice are the result of two major Appraisal Standards Board (ASB) initiatives: (1) examination of the proper role of the scope of
work and departure concepts in the appraisal process; and (2) specific review of STANDARDS 9 and 10. The ASB formally adopted the 2006 USPAP on October 28, 2005 based on
testimony presented at public meetings, responses to three Concept Papers, six Exposure Drafts, and extensive deliberation by the ASB over a two-year period. (USPAP 2006 Q & A)
The effective date of the 2006 USPAP is July 1, 2006 commercial.
June 12, 2006 - Salem, OR. FHA Program Update, Appraisal Reform, & Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Training. Approved for 6 hrs Continuing Education Credit. Registration required, no fee.
Commercial appraisers and assessors of real estate estimate the value of real property for a variety of purposes, such as to assess property tax, to determine a sales price, or to determine the amount of a
mortgage that might be granted on a property. They may be called on to determine the value of any type of real estate, ranging from farmland to a major shopping center, although they often specialize in
appraising or assessing only a certain type of real estate such as residential buildings or commercial properties. Assessors determine the value of all properties in a locality for property tax purposes whereas
appraisers appraise properties one at a time for a variety of purposes, such as to determine what a good sale price would be for a home or to settle an estate or aid in a divorce settlement.
FannieMae's Property (Commercial Appraiser, SIC) and Appraisal Guidelines—details their general requirements for analyzing the property residential appraisal, rather than commercial, aspects of conventional
mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties. It also discusses special considerations for certain types of housing-units in condominium, PUD, and cooperative projects; manufactured (and other factory-
built) homes; Community Living group homes; mixed-use properties; properties affected by environmental hazards; urban properties; affordable housing program properties; properties located in special
assessment or community facilities districts; properties subject to leasehold interests (including those held by community land trusts); and energy-efficient properties—that merit special consideration in the
property and appraisal review. Because the evaluation of a property is such a vital part of the risk analysis, they expect a lender to place as much emphasis on underwriting the property and reviewing the
appraisal as it does on underwriting the borrower's commercial creditworthiness.
-The Appraisal Foundation is a non-profit educational organization founded to foster professionalism in appraising through the establishment and promotion of (commercial) appraisal standards and
(commercial) appraiser qualifications.-
Editor’s note: On March 16, 2001, Daniel Muller of Morgan Miller Blair presented, “What Every Real Estate Attorney Should Know About Inverse Condemnation,” to the real property section of the CCCBA. This
article discusses developments in the areas of inverse condemnation and eminent domain (direct condemnation) in the six months since the presentation. For an outline of the presentation call (925) 937-
3600. nverse Condemnation Plaintiffs suffered setbacks in three inverse condemnation cases decided in 2001. However, a judge in a federal district court case granted plaintiff’s motion for summary
judgment, enjoining the agency from an impending condemnation for failure to show a public use or purpose for the project.
Judgment partially against a town in litigation concerning the scope of its right to receive treated water for domestic use and other needs of the town is affirmed where the trial court (comercial appraiser sic)
correctly found that the districts must continue to provide water to the town, but the reasonable cost of treating the water to make it suitable for domestic use may be passed through to the consumer.
Commercial Appraiser, Commercial Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Real Estate Appraisal, Estate Appraiser, Residential Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser, Appraisal, Special Purpose Property, Office
Property, California Appraiser, PMI Removal Appraiser, Fee Appraisal. Certified General Appraiser, Estate Tax Appraiser
Appraisal Services: Appraiser, Commercial Appraisal, Real Estate Appraisal, Residential Appraiser, Eminent Domain Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser, Special Purpose Property, Office Property, California
Appraiser, PMI Removal Appraiser, Free Appraisal. Certified General Appraiser, Tax Appraiser
Where a cause of action is based on a communicative act, the litigation privilege of Civil Code section 47 extends to those noncommunicative actions which are necessarily related to that communicative act.
Commercial Appraiser La Canada/ Appraisal La Canada-Flintridge
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IT’S THE LAW-Designation Discrimination is Illegal [FIRREA, Sec. 564.6]: Professional Association Membership: Membership in an appraisal
organization: A State Certified General Appraiser may not be excluded from consideration for an assignment for a federally related transaction
by virtue of membership or lack of membership in any particular appraisal organization (Including the Appraisal Institute (AKA mai)
What, in the world, are they Doing wRONG? Appraisal Institute suffers another loss! "AI commercial database bites the dust." Appraisal Institute (AI) will be
closing down the AI Commercial Database on November 1, 2005.
(Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Appraisal Services, millionaire services, Real Estate Appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, find
appraiser, find real estate appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Orange Riverside Ventura San Bernardino Counties, )
Ross: "I’d like to see the organization (the appraisal institute) strengthen its ties with the academic community. The profession needs to focus now
on developing more theoretically based tools and on things like behavioral finance and economics – which is ultimately what dictates the operation of markets. I’
ve often stated that the mark of any profession is in the development of new theory, and in my estimation there have been few, if any, advances in this
regard in the appraisal profession for the last 25 years or more. I’d like to see the Appraisal Institute more involved in some way in such thought
creation."
Are predetermined Appraisal ADJUSTMENTS Legal/Ethical? Please see attached Predetermined adjustments provided by Curtis - Rosenthal,
Inc. (MAI Appraiser Los Angeles) LLC. an MAI Firm. You be the judge and get back with us or call them for this years update. If your property
was acquired by the Los Angeles World Airport (LAWA) you had better read this!
Each comparable sale that is used in the sales comparison approach to value must be analyzed for differences and similarities between it and the property that
is being appraised. The appraiser must base his or her analysis and any adjustments to the comparable sales on the market data for the particular
neighborhood and for competing locat1ons—not on predetermined or assumed dollar adjustments. If an appraiser's adjustments to comparable sales (or the
reconciliation of the comparable sales) are based on unsupported assumptions or personal opinion that cannot be supported by market data, poor quality
appraisals that could have a discriminatory effect may result."
<Los Angeles and Southern California, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Forensic Appraiser Los Angeles, Forensic Appraisal, Commercial appraisal, Curtis-Rosenthal Inc.
real estate appraiser & consultant, Expert Witness, Real Estate consultant, LA, L.A., Southern California, commercial appraiser, appraiser los angeles, real estate appraiser,
condemnation appraiser, la commercial appraiser, ca commercial appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser, Real Estate Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Appraisal Services,>
(commercial appraiser los angeles, inverse condemnation appraiser, expert witness real estate, real property, commercial appraiser, commercial real estate, Los Angeles, Estate ,
Probate, Trust, Tax, MAI Appraiser, LA, L.A., real estate land los angeles, commercial real estate inspectors, real estate brokers, los angeles, real estate appraiser, Los Angeles, llp,
mark to marker, Land Appraiser, Special Purpose Property Appraiser, Office Property, Commercial appraisal, Restaurant, Apartment, VANDEMA, Southern California Commercial Real
Estate, Residential Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser,California Appraiser,PMI Removal, Certified General, Tax , Multi Family , Bank appraisal institute,Apraiser, comp check, value check)
The Los Angeles World Airport's (LAWA) Director of Economic Development admits that the Manchester Square “Voluntary Purchase” Program is a part of LAWA’s Master Plan. This
statement was supported by one staff member who presented maps indicating that this area has been set aside for parking.
This Freudian slip of the tough could have major legal consequences since under the agencies “voluntary purchase program” homeowners were not paid Fair Market Value which is “the
highest price” required by State Law in condemnation cases.
This in addition to using unethical appraisal practices like using unqualified appraisal trainees, consultants colluding on values, standardized comparable adjustments, and in some
cases- appraising of property based upon it's existing use, rather than it's “highest and best use.” It is estimated that these combined, secret practices, have cost property owners
millions.
The Director also stated that he foresaw a number of inverse condemnation cases being filed against the agency, by current residents, because the LAWA project has left their
neighborhood in a shambles.
If you are a homeowner, property, or seller of property to LAWA in this area we strongly suggest that you contact a qualified Real Estate Condemnation Attorney, or Relocation Expert,
and demand a full hearing into these issues.
It appears that discrimination is something that the Appraisal Institute knows a lot about. In fact they use to be called The American Institute of Real Estate
Appraisers until they were sued, for discrimination, by the Federal Government. They then changed their name to the Appraisal Institute, same pig, different
shade of lipstick. (The MAI Appraiser Standard, Larry A Mc Coy, MAI) Application Local governments are not immune from proscriptions of Title VIII, and
may be sued. United States v Black Jack ... provides for actions against states and political subdivisions as well as actions against private transactions and
practices; comprehensive purpose of Fair Housing Act)... would be diluted if it were to apply only to actions of private individuals and entities. ... applies to
appraisers of real estate. United States v American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers etc. (1977, ND Ill) 442 F Supp 1072, 24 FR Serv 2d 880, app dismd
(CA7 Ill) 590 F2d 242, 48 ALR Fed 657. 42 USCS ? 3604(a, b, d)’
How many errors can you find in this appraisal prepared by Jeffrey T. Nagasaki, MAI of Lea Associates. They also perform similar low quality work for the Los
Angeles Unified School District and the County of Los Angeles. (Condemnation Appraiser, Inverse Condemnation Appraiser)
Here are some tips from seasoned practitioner, David Rosenthal, MAI (Managing Director of Curtis-Rosenthal, LLC) that can help make your next appraisal
experience easy and productive.
"4. Supply all of your market data, up front. Nothing says that your appraiser has to independently find all of the relevant market information. Data is data,
so make the job easier and share any market data that you have already developed. The appraiser will decide which data to use and how to best use it. Give
your appraiser a running start with the benefit of your advance research."
If the bank’s board of directors were the ones doing the looting, however, they readily hired a pliant appraiser to cook up whatever appraisal value they
wanted. Behind every fraudulent loan was a fraudulent appraisal. It is nearly impossible for appraisers to render independent appraisals if the people hiring
them do not want one. When I was in public accounting, auditors joked that MAI stood for “Made As Instructed.” The commercial appraisals were largely
worthless because they were not independently rendered. It is so obvious that it should be beneath mention, but that situation still exists.
Even if the bank could not find a bona fide buyer, it was supposed to write down the property to fair market value on the books, taking the loss on its financial
statements. The S&L industry, however, was in dire straits. Reporting a commercial loss on the deal would not look good, and might get bank regulators,
auditors and others asking questions. Here is what the bank did to hide its loss. Another developer showed up, with similar delusions of grandeur and an
equally pitiful pipedream, except his was twice as large. He wanted a $6 million construction loan. The bank hired an appraiser to concoct the appraisal for the
original empty strip mall that valued it at $5 million, even higher than the original pie-in-the-sky price tag that the original developer dreamed up. The MAI
commercial appraiser would appraise it for whatever number the bank wanted. The bank would tell the second developer that it would loan him the
$6 million if he would buy the empty strip mall for $5 million. The bank would loan the developer the money to make the down payment on the empty strip mall,
and the first two years of loan payments. The developer never got his hands on that money, but the bank held it in escrow, taking the money out of the
commercial account to make the down payment and loan payments.
When the bank made the $6 million commercial construction loan to the second developer, and played internal accounting games to concoct the “sale” of the
first strip mall, instead of recording the $1 million loss, it recorded a $2 million gain, had a new performing loan on the first strip mall, and the loan was
guaranteed to have loan payments made on it for two years. Here is a chart to show how the commercial bank hid the loss.
So, with some fancy games and pliant appraisers, the commercial bank recorded a $2 million gain on its deal making. The reality, however, was that $9 million
had gone out the door, the bank was paying 15% interest to depositors, and no money was coming in, not even interest payments. "
1. The Defendants Improperly Used Bargain Sale Transactions to Conceal the True Financial Condition of Defendant Church Extension 30. From at least
1996 to at least April 2002, the Defendants and others engaged in a scheme to conceal Defendant Church Extension's mounting financial difficulties in order
to, among other things, entice investors to invest and/or reinvest. Specifically, the Defendants and others improperly used bargain sale transactions to
generate false paper income by recognizing the difference between the price paid by Defendant Church Extension and/or United Management and falsely
inflated appraisal values as non-cash contributions. Some of appraisers used in connection with the bargain sale transactions were Members of the Appraisal
Institute, i.e., MAI appraisals. The appraisals used by the Defendants and others were false for several reasons, including, but not limited to: a) the use of
overstated net-operating income figures, which formed the basis of some appraisals; b) the failure to account for the limited real-estate market of some of the
properties, due to federal regulations and private covenants; and c) the failure to account for potential environmental hazards on some of the real-estate
properties. Significantly, because inflated appraisal values were used, the price paid by Defendants Church Extension and/or United Management was a much
closer reflection of the actual value of the properties than the inflated appraisal values. Thus, as a result of using falsely inflated appraisal values, the
Defendants and others artificially increased the amount of non-cash contributions that Defendants Church Extension and/or United Management recognized as
income.
3. Therefore, on the basis of our review of the record, we conclude that the court properly determined that the plaintiff had met its burden of showing that the
city's assessor (jOHN lEARY, mai) had overvalued the subject property and that such a finding was legally and logically correct and supported by the evidence
before the court.
5. "As a residential review appraiser with 14 years experience, I see appraiser fraud weekly," says a northeastern appraiser who says he is working with the
FBI. At the same time I was turning in these 17 fraud reports, I was warned by a prominent Appraisal Institute member not to submit those of a certain ethnic
race appraiser because he was well politically entrenched and it could backfire on me," notes the source. "Also, at the same time, I confided in a local Member
of the Appraisal Institute (MAI) about the appraisal fraud both in my local area and inside his local AI residential membership. This MAI later told me
to be careful because I could die by the same sword I was wielding (a professional death, not physical death)."
I'm looking at an MAI (commercial appraiser) appraisal right now from one of the most respected appraisers in our area that I know has been influenced in
several ways (the appraisal has been influenced, not him). The representations from the owner of the property concerning zoning, development, potential
purchase offers and comparable sales have boosted the value.
8. The behavior of this Member of the Appraisal Institute (MAI) is unacceptable if not outrageous. I've heard no one suggest otherwise. I dislike putting it this
bluntly, but here it is in a nutshell: For the sake of preserving or regaining integrity in North Carolina appraising, it has become necessary to put the Appraisal
Institute to the test. The questions are these:
9. If memory serves me correctly, it was members of the Appraisal Institute (the self proclaimed leader of appraisal association, designated with the
"prestigious" MAI that were co-conspirators of the S&L crisis.
Industry organizations are concerned with one thing: their own survival. With appraisal organizations competing for members, they are more focused on their
own self preservation than on the betterment of the industry as a whole.
The various trade associations are impotent. The members of the Appraisal Foundation only count as one vote, so they are regularly outnumbered by the
members of the very industry that promotes appraisal fraud.
I believe that a merging of organizations is a necessity. However, I explicitely exclud the AI. The AI has regularly supported AVMs and stood against the
interests of the general practice appraiser, so it is not longer a viable force for change in the industry. In fact, they have often sided with the lending industry
against the rest of the appraisal organizations.
Again, Roger hits it on the nose. An organzation that is purported to be in existance for the appraiser. Today, likely 99% of all residential appraisals are
communicated to the lender and/or clients via email or the internet. We most commonly transmit these in .pdf format since Adobe Acrobat Reader is readily
available to all at no cost. Several lenders want appraisals delivered in what is called AI (Appraisal Institute) ready format. This data format completely
rearranges the data structure of the report. The data is thought to be disseminated into their AVM database. No one but the insiders can prove this, however
this format also does something else which is very disturbing. The appraiser's digital signature is removed from the report itself and transmitted as a separate .
jpg file. This comprimises the security of the report allowing the possibility of data to be changed. It is a violation of USPAP for an appraiser to knowingly
comprimise the security of their digital signatures/reports.
The malleability of (real estate) appraisals has been a fact of life since for as long as I can remember, and that is probably longer than most readers have been
alive. Down around the bankruptcy court, they used to say that "MAI" stands for "Made as Instructed."
In real estate, the Appraisal Institute awards a designation, MAI, Member, Appraisal Institute. For a variety of reasons, MAI came to have the derogatory
meaning, "made as instructed." Being an "mai" appraiser, whether in real estate, business appraisal, or any other field of expertise is a prescription for a short-
term career. http://merceronvalue.com/archives/2006/04/working_with_bu.html
13. David, from the St. Louis Chapter of the Appraisal Institute, just told me last week that at a recent seminar, an instructor from Guess Who told the group
attending the seminar in Typical Delphi Scam and Cognitive Dissonance fashion, that appraisers would go out of business if they refused to perform AVMs for
the banking cartel and the GSEs. Sending the Appraisal Institute $950 Bucks in MAI, SRPA, SRA professional dues for 2005 is going to be a really tough
decision. If I can find a real job that pays, they won't get my money anymore. Besides being a State Certified General Realty Appraiser is just as good as
having Made As Instructed behind my name -- because that's what the public perceives me to be anyway now -- a member of the world's oldest profession.
In 2002, then-Gov. Gray Davis and Sen. Dianne Feinstein, above, announce a $100 million deal for the Cargill salt ponds. Complaint against appraiser Charles
Bailey (MAI) (PDF) The settlement agreement (PDF)
The appraiser (Charles D. Bailey, MAI) whose report helped set the $100 million price taxpayers paid in the 2003 Cargill salt ponds deal has been disciplined
on allegations that he made numerous errors and violated federal standards when he set a value for the property.
The state attorney general's office brought a misconduct complaint against Charles Bailey (MAI) of Mill Valley this summer, alleging 24 significant errors in his
appraisal of Cargill lands for the federal government in December 2000.
Bailey, who denied any wrongdoing, agreed Sept. 27 to a censure of his license, known as a ``public reproval.'' He also will pay $4,000 to cover the costs of the
state investigation. Although he will keep his license and can continue working, any disciplinary action on an appraiser's record is very harmful to his career,
said Deputy Attorney General Char Sachson.
News of the settlement heightened concerns that taxpayers may have overpaid by millions of dollars when government agencies bought 16,500 acres of Cargill
salt evaporation ponds from Hayward to Alviso to Redwood City in March 2003. It also brought calls Tuesday from political leaders for less secrecy in public
land deals.
Anyone know any sources of gross sales per store data for specific chains? I am appraising three proposed facilities that are being leased with a level base
minimum rent but actual rent is the greater of that minimum rent or 10% of gross sales. I believe if I use the minimum I could be undervaluing, but am not
comfortable using the projections provided without at least seeing something to compare them to. They are slightly above the minimum rent threshhold.
Mr. Ness, MAI was apparently so embarrassed by his own lack of knowledge that he has removed his request from the AppraisalForum.com website.
The sometimes humorous responses are still there however.
Paul Ness posted this on AppraisersForum.com. You copied it without my permission or without Paul's permission to your web site. You also imply that Paul is
incompetent by adding the heading "IS THIS MAI APPRAISER INCOMPETENCY?". Paul is aware of this also and brought it to my attention.
I need a state licensed or certified appraiser. I am more interested in experience and education than any phony designations, that try to cover
up their lack of experience and education.
Albany — A real estate appraisal that the City of Middletown relied on to sell off a property two years ago was so riddled with faults that questions later arose
over whether Robert Buckles " (Appraisal Institute, Associate Member) prepared an appraisal with a predetermined value," a state investigator testified
yesterday. In the same hearing, an expert appraiser testified that the appraisal of the 14-acre property on Ruth Court used outdated property sales for
comparisons.
I am proud to be a member of this professional organization. I had been ignorant to the extreme member benefits until I began serving on the Board in
1999. I want to inform you of the advantages regarding Appraisal Institute membership. A few of the programs and promotions by National which benefit
members include.
National has a full time staff of three attorneys in Washington, DC working on our behalf to keep up with federal legislation and other initiatives that impact our
profession and to act as a liaison to the local chapters in keeping up with state issues. We also have our own local lobbyist who works with Utah appraisers.
Lobbying is one of those behind the scenes activities that many of us may not give much thought to however, the efforts of these people affect us
individually and our profession in ways that many of us are unaware.
20. Mr. Levy describes in his succinct essay the stranglehold that the banking cartel has on the realty valuation industry. The Appraisal Institute has an affiliate
appraisal management company called REAS (Real Estate Appraisal Services) which operates http://www.aidirectconnection.com. REAS is owned by Charter
One Financial Corporation, the 25th largest bank holding company in the USA, home based in Ohio. Royal Bank of Scotland is in merger and acquisition
negotiations with Charter One to become the 7th largest bank holding company in the USA, after the Bank One and JPChase Manhattan merger as the second
largest banking conglomerate. This conflict of interest doesn't get any more blatant than these facts. ( AI Direct Connection® AI Direct Connection
AI Direct Connection provides the real estate marketplace with an efficient and cost-effective means to acquire quality appraisal services. Appraisers can sign
up, free of charge, to be included on the fee panel, specifying their services or specialties. AI Direct Connection then sells those services directly to the client.
FIND OUT MORE HERE)
Banks have been widely lauded for their performance through the most recent downturn. Pressure for revenue growth has invariably led to deal creep--pricing
concessions, then deal structure concessions (covenant, guarantees, advance rates, etc.), and then the rationalization that otherwise marginal credits are
acceptable. It takes both courage and conviction to remain disciplined and diligent to not trade off your credit risk principles. Looking back at performance
during the last downturn, some things were done particularly well, while others could have been done better.
The Appraisal Institute has had "conflict of issue", issues for many years now. Especially with Charter One Bank and also Washington Mutual (WAMU). The
Appraisal Institute doesn't seem to care. This being "in bed" with Charter One and Washington Mutual was a big part of our boycott of the Appraisal
Institute a few years ago when the AI decided to create their own AVM (AIRD) with Charter One Bank and WAMU as their biggest backers.
Also, the AI can't even advertise without lying. They have been running radio ads here in Massachusetts, where they tout the lie that "Appraisal Institute
Members are better qualified and have more education" than non-Appraisal Institute members. I can't wait till the first homeowner here gets an AI member with
only 2 years experience; and the job is way over their head.
In a June 14 speech, a Federal Bureau of Investigation specialist said that appraisal fraud has become the most serious form of mortgage fraud. In a
presentation to an American Bankers Association conference in Orlando, Ronda Helig, supervisory special agent for the FBI, said that appraisal fraud accounts
for 80 percent of all the mortgage fraud that is reported and that the average loss per occurrence of appraisal fraud exceeds $60,000. Based on these figures,
Helig called for a cooperative response between industry and law enforcement.
Successfully using forensic appraisals (appraiser) in the tax courts requires that the property owner understand the special issues involved with these types of
appraisals, as they differ significantly from typical real estate appraisals. The differences cover the gamut of legal issues from communication between the
client and the appraiser through the legal admissibility of appraisal methodology.
A judgment confirming an insurance commercial appraisal award involving property damaged by a wildfire is reversed pursuant to an insured's claims that: 1)
the award exceeded the appraisers' jurisdiction, and the trial court erred by finding he waived the jurisdictional rule; and 2) the court erred by finding he was
precluded from challenging the appraisal award because he took possession of, but did not negotiate, checks the insurer provided him to cover the award.
Los Angeles City, Residential and Commercial Appraisal Coverage Areas: 90001, 90002, 90003, 90004, 90005, 90006, 90007, 90008, 90009, 90010, 90011, 90012, 90013, 90014,
90015, 90016, 90017, 90018, 90019, 90020, 90021, 90022, 90023, 90024, 90025, 90026, 90027, 90028, 90029, 90030, 90031, 90032, 90033, 90034, 90035, 90036, 90037, 90038,
Please call for Orange County, Ventura County, Riverside County, San Bernardino, County Coverage Areas, Real Estate Appraiser Orange Riverside
Ventura San Bernardino Counties,
This is the fifth edition of the Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions. The Standards were originally published in 1971 with the most recent
revision published in 1992. The existing Standards have earned a prestigious position. They are frequently cited by Congress in legislation relating to the
valuation of federal land acquisitions and have guided the appraisal process in these matters since their original issuance by the Interagency Land Acquisition
Conference. & The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference, established on November 27, 1968, by invitation of the Attorney General, is a voluntary
organization composed of representatives from the many federal agencies engaged in the acquisition of real estate for public uses. The Conference adopted
and continues to adhere to several goals with respect to land acquisition, including the promulgation of uniform appraisal standards and guidelines for
appraisal reports. The broad experience of the member representatives of the Interagency Land Acquisition Conference assures that the federal appraisal
standards developed for land acquisitions are uniform, fair, and efficient. The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference is chaired by the Assistant Attorney
General for the Environment and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice. Its activities are conducted by ad hoc committees composed of member
representatives.
The Interagency Land Acquisition Conference Executive is Virginia P. Butler, Chief of the Land Acquisition Section of the Environment and Natural Resources
Division, Department of Justice. James D. Eaton, MAI, of the Appraisal Unit, Department of Justice, authored this 2000 revision of the Uniform Appraisal
Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions. He was assisted in this effort by Appraisal Unit Chief Brian Holly, MAI; trial attorney Marc Gordon; and Ms. Butler.
These Standards were submitted to the Appraisal Institute for editorial review and the Department of Justice grate-fully
acknowledges the editorial assistance of the Appraisal Institute in their preparation. While the vast majority of federal land acquisition is achieved through
voluntary means, sometimes litigation is necessary. With this in mind, Mr. Eaton has done an admirable job of updating the case law, expand-ing the treatment
of novel or difficult valuation questions, and recognizing the vast changes that have recently characterized the real estate appraisal profession.
During August 2006, the NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®’ (NAR) Marketing Research Department invited 86,777 appraiser members and recipients
of the Appraisal Section of the weekly NAR ListServe message to participate in an online survey. Findings reflected in this report were collected from responses
received between August 10th and 25th, 2006.
The goal of the survey was to understand how Appraiser members conduct their business, obtain appraisal industry information, and make decisions on their
appraisal education and designations.
In January 2006 the new edition of USPAP will be available and distributed, though its changes will not become effective until June. The Appraisal Standards
The revisions in the 2006 Edition of USP Appraisal Practice are the result of two major Appraisal Standards Board (ASB) initiatives: (1) examination of the
proper role of the scope of work and departure concepts in the appraisal process; and (2) specific review of STANDARDS 9 and 10. The ASB formally adopted
the 2006 USPAP on October 28, 2005 based on testimony presented at public meetings, responses to three Concept Papers, six Exposure Drafts, and
extensive deliberation by the ASB over a two-year period. (USPAP 2006 Q & A) The effective date of the 2006 USPAP is July 1, 2006 commercial.
June 12, 2006 - Salem, OR. FHA Program Update, Appraisal Reform, & Home Equity Conversion Mortgage Training. Approved for 6 hrs Continuing Education Credit. Registration
required, no fee.
Commercial appraisers and assessors of real estate estimate the value of real property for a variety of purposes, such as to assess property tax, to determine a sales price, or to
determine the amount of a mortgage that might be granted on a property. They may be called on to determine the value of any type of real estate, ranging from farmland to a major
shopping center, although they often specialize in appraising or assessing only a certain type of real estate such as residential buildings or commercial properties. Assessors
determine the value of all properties in a locality for property tax purposes whereas appraisers appraise properties one at a time for a variety of purposes, such as to determine what a
good sale price would be for a home or to settle an estate or aid in a divorce settlement.
FannieMae's Property (Commercial Appraiser, SIC) and Appraisal Guidelines—details their general requirements for analyzing the property residential appraisal, rather than
commercial, aspects of conventional mortgages secured by one- to four-family properties. It also discusses special considerations for certain types of housing-units in condominium,
PUD, and cooperative projects; manufactured (and other factory-built) homes; Community Living group homes; mixed-use properties; properties affected by environmental hazards;
urban properties; affordable housing program properties; properties located in special assessment or community facilities districts; properties subject to leasehold interests (including
those held by community land trusts); and energy-efficient properties—that merit special consideration in the property and appraisal review. Because the evaluation of a property is such
a vital part of the risk analysis, they expect a lender to place as much emphasis on underwriting the property and reviewing the appraisal as it does on underwriting the borrower's
commercial creditworthiness.
-The Appraisal Foundation is a non-profit educational organization founded to foster professionalism in appraising through the establishment and promotion of (commercial) appraisal
standards and (commercial) appraiser qualifications.-
Editor’s note: On March 16, 2001, Daniel Muller of Morgan Miller Blair presented, “What Every Real Estate Attorney Should Know About Inverse Condemnation,” to the real property
section of the CCCBA. This article discusses developments in the areas of inverse condemnation and eminent domain (direct condemnation) in the six months since the presentation.
For an outline of the presentation call (925) 937-3600. nverse Condemnation Plaintiffs suffered setbacks in three inverse condemnation cases decided in 2001. However, a judge in a
federal district court case granted plaintiff’s motion for summary judgment, enjoining the agency from an impending condemnation for failure to show a public use or purpose for the
Judgment partially against a town in litigation concerning the scope of its right to receive treated water for domestic use and other needs of the town is affirmed where the trial court
(comercial appraiser sic) correctly found that the districts must continue to provide water to the town, but the reasonable cost of treating the water to make it suitable for domestic use
may be passed through to the consumer.
Commercial Appraiser, Commercial Appraiser Los Angeles, Commercial Real Estate Appraisal, Estate Appraiser, Residential Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser, Appraisal, Special
Purpose Property, Office Property, California Appraiser, PMI Removal Appraiser, Fee Appraisal. Certified General Appraiser, Estate Tax Appraiser
Appraisal Services: Appraiser, Commercial Appraisal, Real Estate Appraisal, Residential Appraiser, Eminent Domain Appraiser, Apartment Appraiser, Special Purpose Property, Office
Property, California Appraiser, PMI Removal Appraiser, Free Appraisal. Certified General Appraiser, Tax Appraiser
Where a cause of action is based on a communicative act, the litigation privilege of Civil Code section 47 extends to those noncommunicative actions which are necessarily related to
that communicative act.
Commercial Appraiser Montebello / Montebello Commercial Appraisal
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John Julian Chisolm
Turns 31 on this date
John Thompson Ford
Caleb Blood Smith
Orlando Bolivar Wilcox
Crime/Disasters Atlantic packet returning from France sinks off Nova Scotia and nine seamen drown 04/16/1861
Lawmaking/Litigating Governor Magoffin of Kentucky refuses troops for "the wicked purpose" of subduing the South 04/16/1861
Lawmaking/Litigating In Philadelphia, Mayor Alexander proclaims both against treason and popular disorder in the city 04/16/1861
Battles/Soldiers Reading, Pennsylvania militia artillery unit called to service arrives in Harrisburg 04/16/1861
Lawmaking/Litigating The Virginia Convention on secession is meeting in Richmond
Letter Alexander J. Sessions to Abraham Lincoln, April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Newspaper Chillicothe (OH) Scioto Gazette, “The War News,” April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Newspaper Cleveland (OH) Herald, “The Border States,” April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Diary Entry by Catherine Edmondston, April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Diary Entry by George Templeton Strong, April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Diary Entry by Josie Underwood, April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Letter James Henderson to Abraham Lincoln, April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
Newspaper New York Herald, “The Present Administration Doing What The Last Should Have Done,” April 16, 1861 04/16/1861
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Free Radio Linux
Spoken-word performance of Linux code
In February 3, 2002, to commemorate the fourth anniversary of the coining of the term "open source," a duo calling themselves r a d i o q u a l i a (Honor Harger, a former Webcasting curator at the Tate Modern in London, and Adam Hyde, an electronic musician and software developer from New Zealand) launched Free Radio Linux, an audio distribution of the Linux Kernel, the basis for all versions of Linux - a popular open source operating system. Free Radio Linux was an online and an on-air radio station. The sound transmission consisted of a computerized reading of the code used to create the operating system Linux.
Each line of code was read by the computerised automated voice - a speech.bot built by r a d i o q u a l i a (a software that converts text into a computerized human voice). The speech.bot's output was then encoded into an Open Source audio stream and sent out live on the internet. A selection on FM, AM and Shortwave radio stations from around the world also relayed the audio stream on various occasions. Free Radio Linux was inspired in part by the "code stations" of the 1980s pirate radio broadcasts of bootleg programs that were converted by modems into noise, played over the air, then reconverted by listeners' modems into working software.
Listeners could track the progress of Free Radio Linux by listening to the stream, or checking the text-based progress field in the ./listen section.1 The Linux kernel contains 4,141,432 lines of code. Reading the entire kernel took 14253.43 hours, or 593.89 days. In theory, a Free Radio Linux listener could transcribe each line of the Linux kernel's code, or cut and paste it from the text that accompanied the reading (presented so that people could follow what they were hearing in the audio stream).
Free Radio Linux is in itself a unique experience - a kind of spoken-word performance that continued 24 hours a day for 590 consecutive days (it was terminated in 2004). To sit and listen non-stop to this automated spoken-word performance would have been beyond the limits of human endurance. In this regard, Free Radio Linux echoes such durational New Media art works as John F. Simon Jr.'s Every Icon and MTAA's 1 year performance video. In each of these projects, computers replace artists in the execution or performance of the work.
But also needed to point out is the creative aspect of the material used for this one time performance: Linux as the most successful open source software project of its time. Like other open source software, Linux is developed and improved by a distributed network of volunteer programmers who freely share the fruits of their labor. Linux was favored by many New Media artists, from Radical Software Group to Raqs Media Collective, and served as a model for open source cultural practices of all kinds.
Free Radio Linux exemplified the non-commercial nature of much New Media art. By deliberately operating outside the marketplace and embracing open source methods of production and distribution, r a d i o q u a l i a offered an implicit critique of the proprietary economies of both the art world and the software industry. Free Radio Linux nonetheless received the support of Minneapolis's Walker Art Center, an established art world institution.
Free radio Linux stated that radio was the most democratized way to distribute for free the operating system to the world since radio remains the most widely used medium. As r a d i o q u a l i a states "In the hierarchy of media, radio reigns. There are more computers than modems, more phones than computers, and more radios than phones. Radio is the closest we have to an egalitarian method of information distribution. Free Radio Linux advocates that radio is the best method for distributing the world's most popular free software."
Free Radio Linux is seen part of many other projects by r a d i o q u i l a which aims at showing how broadcasting technologies can be used to create new artistic forms, and how sound art can be used to illuminate abstract ideas
http://lwn.net/2002/0207/a/radio-free-linux.php3
https://wiki.brown.edu/confluence/display/MarkTribe/r+a+d+i+o+q+u+a+l+i+a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioqualia
Helene Testud
Max Linux Penguin
http://www.flickr.com/photos/oddsock/59445744/
Classe Fm
Première Web radio d'information en Côte d'Ivoire, à destination du reste du monde
Project with members (1) Project with fans (12) Côte D'ivoire
Classe.fm est une web radio d'informations,qui exporte du contenu local Ivoirien vers l'extérieur. Le développement d’une société et d’un peuple passe aussi par la démocratisation de la parole. La démocratisation de la parole passe par l’appropriation de l’information par les personnes qui ...
See the project
Nanu Yegglè
Remonter les problèmes urbains et territoriaux aux institutions municipales : le premier FixMyStreet ...
Project with members (6) Project with fans (17) Senegal
Application libre et ouverte pour pouvoir remonter les problèmes urbains et territoriaux aux institutions municipales, NanuYegglè est le premier FixMyStreet développé en Afrique (lors du forum InnovAfrica #4 de Dakar) avec une technologie libre et ouverte.
Sharelex
Collaborative program designed to enable communities build and share legal solutions on real legal questions
Project with members (1) Project with fans (6)
ShareLex is a collaborative program designed to enable communities build and share legal solutions on real legal questions. ShareLex participants create LaboLex (collaborative R&D workshops) in order to create Q&A on the theme they choose. Q&A will be published on our website (free software) ...
Village Telco
Building low-cost community telephone network hardware and software
Project with fans (6) South Africa
The Village Telco is an initiative to build low-cost community telephone network hardware and software that can be set up in minutes anywhere in the world. No mobile phone towers or land lines are required. The Village Telco uses the latest open source telephony software and low cost wireless ...
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INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Join as Editorial Board Member
International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing, Industrial and Civil Engineering
21st Apr 2021 - Bilaspur,India
ISSRD - International Conference on Mechanical, Manufacturing, Industrial and Civil Engineering (ICMMICE) is a prestigious event organized with a motivation to provide an excellent international platform for the academicians, researchers, engineers, industrial participants and budding students around the world to SHARE their research findings with the global experts. ICMMICE 2021 will be held in Bilaspur, India on 21st April, 2021.
The key intention of ICMMICE - 2021 is to provide opportunity for the global participants to share their ideas and experience in person with their peers expected to join from different parts on the world. In addition this gathering will help the delegates to establish research or business relations as well as to find international linkage for future collaborations in their career path. We hope that ICMMICE - 2021 outcome will lead to significant contributions to the knowledge base in these up-to-date scientific fields in scope.
This Conference is sponsored by ISSRD(International Society for Scientific Research and Development). The conference would offer a large number of invited lectures from renowned speakers all over the country. The Best paper awards will be given for the papers judged to make the most significant contribution to the conference.
Earlier ISSRD had conferences held at London (UK), Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Penang, Jakarta, Bali, Batam, Bangkok,Paris, Istanbul, Melbourne (Australia), Pattaya, Phuket, Manila, Hong kong, Johannesburg (South Africa), Phnom Penh (Cambodia), Abu Dhabi and Dubai .
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Homepage news > Number of low-wage jobs on the rise
Number of low-wage jobs on the rise
Stephanie Sweeney, JMU Journalism
– October 14, 2015Posted in: Homepage news, News and features
Job centre in Liverpool. Pic by JMU Journalism
The number of workers being paid less than the recommended living wage is rising, according to new statistics.
The living wage is meant to cover the basic living costs and it is currently £9.15 an hour in London and £7.85 in the rest of the UK.
The Office for National Statistics said six million workers in Britain are paid under the hourly rate, with London occupying the highest number of below living wage jobs in the UK, followed by the North West, with 670,000 jobs or over 24% of its total jobs.
The figures highlight that Liverpool has approximately 47,000 of these jobs, Sefton has 23,000 and Wirral has 21,000. The figures could be higher as they don’t include those under 18, apprenticeships and training.
David Williams from Independent Liverpool, which actively supports local business, thinks that more can be and should be done to bring the figures down.
He said: “A few independents we know already do the living wage. Although the power should come from the top down, it doesn’t have to, to make living wage stance.”
Councillor Gary Millar, cabinet member for business, enterprise and investment, believes that the background should be taken into account rather than a ‘one size fits all’ approach.
He said: “If you look at places like Romania, where the average monthly income is less than €300, you could ask is that too low or does it match living standards overall?”
He added that if businesses can afford to pay £10 an hour they should do so.
Lidl is a large supermarket chain that has said it will introduce a higher living wage for its employees and others are expected to follow. A local business that already supports the living wage is Homebaked in Anfield.
The two sectors outside of London with the highest number of low paid jobs is accommodation and food service and retail. This comes after the ONS statistics were released showing that Liverpool is experiencing one of the slowest employee growth rates in the country, growing by only 1.4% in five years.
Chancellor George Osborne announced in his Budget that the minimum wage would be called the ‘National Living Wage’ and from April 2016 would increase to £7.20 an hour for those over 25.
Tags: business, employment, Jobs, Liverpool, Merseyside, north west, sefton, Wage, wirral
About Stephanie Sweeney, JMU Journalism
Office for National Statistics: Official facts and figures explained
The Guardian: More UK jobs paying less
The Independent: Workers not being paid living wage rises
BBC News: More jobs paying below living wage
Belfast Telegraph: 23% Jobs outside of London pay less than living wage
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Engelbert: An Angel on His Shoulder
Bobbie Katz
The Katz Meow
By Bobbie Katz
www.vegasinsiderdaily.com
Despite long-held popular belief, every so often it IS nice to fool Mother Nature.
Such was the case last month for international superstar Engelbert Humperdinck, who had flown in the face of impending monster Hurricane Lane to Honolulu and happily found himself singing in the rain to filled-to-the-brim packed houses inside the Hawaii Theater instead.
Ostensibly, his performing two sold-out concerts and filming a TV special over two nights was subject to a weeklong ongoing “whether” report – as in whether or not the dire forecast of the worst storm to hit Hawaii in 40 years was going to prevent those events from happening. But despite its looming triple threat of major winds, heavy downpours, and surging surf, thankfully the slow-moving Lane veered west, its worst missing the island of Oahu on which Honolulu is located. The shows went on as scheduled as the wind and rain from the downgraded tropical tempest were lighter than expected, allowing the capacity crowds to get to the theater.
”I have always wanted to do a special in Hawaii,” the legendary singer, who will be performing at the Orleans September 22 and 23, says. “Sometimes you have to take chances in life. The people subjected to that weather have the courage to live there so I felt that I should have the courage to visit there. However, I truly felt and told everyone that the storm was not going to hit Oahu even though they all thought it would. I told them they should listen to me next time. I must have had an angel on my shoulder.”
Now, having weathered that storm, Engelbert is on the verge of issuing his own triple threat. He is preparing to make waves with the PBS special he filmed in Honolulu, which will air in December; his first Christmas album in almost 40 years to be released in mid-October, and an original single to be released soon, most appropriately titled “Angel on My Shoulder.”
For the latter, Engelbert will be donating his share of the proceeds to Alzheimer’s research, his wife, Patricia, having suffered from the disease for the last 10 years. One of the writers of “Angel on My Shoulder” is Bill Martin, who co-wrote “Puppet on a String.” The single comes on the heels of the great success of the CD Engelbert released for his 2017 50thanniversary called “The Man I Want To Be.” The album, on OK Good Records, is a love letter to Patricia although the songs resonate with everyone. In his show at the Orleans, he will be performing numbers from that CD as well as new songs, his tried-and-true major hits, and some songs from his new Christmas CD, “Warmest Christmas Wishes,” also on OK Good Records, which entered the Billboard charts at Number 57 in pre-release.
Engelbert’s own memories of Christmas when he was growing up are wonderful ones. The ninth of ten children born to a colonel in the British army and his wife while stationed in India, his recollections of being raised in a large family with everybody singing around the Christmas tree have made it a very special time for him to share.
“In India, the season had a tropical flavor and there was no snow anywhere to be seen,” he recalls. “Because of the culture, the smell of rose petals and flowers filled our home. The house had a Christmas scent of its own. When my family moved back to England when I was 10, the snow there added a little magic to the holiday. I was also able to watch Christmas movies. England is cold and it gets dark early. People put lots of lights up; it is very Christmassy there --Europe has good Christmas spirit. In those days, when we got a present we loved, we slept with it under our pillow. We always got something useful be it a football, a cricket ball or box, or new shoes.”
“There are some original songs on my new CD, one of which is called ‘Around the Christmas Tree’-- it will be a standard,” he maintains. “Another one is called 'Christmas for the Family.’ There is a song called ‘Driving Home for Christmas’ by Chris Rea and a German song that I love called 'Silently Falls the Snow' for which my daughter, Louise, and I wrote the lyrics. The CD is a mix of classic and contemporary. There are also standards like ‘Silent Night,’ which was arranged by my former musical conductor and dear friend, Jeff Sturges. It was the last thing he arranged before he passed away a couple of months ago and it is fantastic. My producer, Jurgen Korduletsch, and I chose all the songs on the CD together.”
With so much going on in his life and career and still touring the world to perform, what is it that gives Engelbert his incredible energy on a daily basis?
“I try to be inspired every day of my life,” he responds. “And I try to make my shows different every year, even down to a different shirt that I wear. It’s important to keep my audiences interested and I have to have something to look forward to myself. Still, in terms of being the man I want to be, I’m still searching. I’m one of the greatest archeologists. I’m always digging for something. When you know who you are and what you are doing, you have to keep digging. I’m never content with my life, my performances, or the quotes and poems I write. I’m always editing myself. I feel that things can always be improved."
One thing he says that has caused him to respect himself a lot more is his recent 30-pound weight loss that brought his waist size down from a 44 to a 34. He was determined to lose the weight for his PBS special and accomplished it. The tall, dark and handsome singer who looks 20 years younger than his chronological age of 82 and who feels that age is just a number, is extremely disciplined and proud of the fact that he lost the weight himself and not in a clinic. He is pleased when he looks at himself in the mirror and doesn’t see the paunch around his middle. And he is working daily to keep it off.
“From the moment I open my eyes around 6:30 or 7 a.m., I start my breathing exercises and stretching,” he reveals. “I then have a cup of coffee and do my crossword puzzle. I then spend time on my treadmill and other machines in my sweatbox -- it’s like a greenhouse with a gym inside it -- after which I spend half an hour in the sauna. After that, I eat breakfast, which is a protein shake. I do have a big lunch -- that is my biggest meal of the day. The important part is to continue this when I’m on the road so that I keep myself ready for the job. In that case, I can always rest in the afternoon. I do my sound check before dinner.”
As for what he feels has endeared him to the global public for more than 51 years and has people rushing the stage to get close to him at the end of every concert in rock-star fashion, Engelbert believes that it is the fact that he is an honest performer.
“I don’t give a run-of-the-mill performance,” he explains. “I do it from my heart every time and the honesty come through my eyes when I perform. What do people look at when you look at them or speak to them? – your eyes. The whole audience feels I am looking at them. My legacy is my music and the way I portray it. I am a thespian of song. I act out the lyrics with my face and body.”
On the subject of retirement, Engelbert says that it has never entered his mind for one moment because he doesn’t feel the age he is nor does he act it or speak like it.
"When God calls me, that's when I stop,” he says. “Until then, I'm going to just keep going."
After all, thousands upon thousands of people around the world agree that there’s just no getting over the Hump
This article appears courtesy of Vegas Insider Daily.com.
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About brae
Opportunity, new beginnings, and fresh perspective, were things that propelled Brandon Husken from the back of the stage sitting behind the drums to standing behind the drums up front. Brandon ‘Brae” Husken spent years as a drummer in Michigan’s music scene before growing weary from yet another stalled musical endeavor. That’s when he decided to change his musical direction and began songwriting and composing music in a more personal setting. Songs began to flow, which turned the idea of beginning a solo career into a reality. Recruiting friends from other MI. based bands such as The American Secrets, Dale Earnhardt Jr. Jr. and others, to record and perform; Brae released Catch You In The End in Oct. of 2008 and followed that with Eating At The World in March of 2011. Having experimented with various approaches on creating the live show, some which have consisted of Husken playing only acoustic guitar and singing, to adding percussion instruments around him, to the eventual transformation which finds him standing in the front of the stage while playing a full drum kit and singing, experimentation has found the ideal solution that best fits this journey man percussionist. Brae's 2012 release " Another Time and Place" has been receiving national reviews and has firmly planted Brae in the ever growing landscape of the Detroit Music scene.
Follow brae on
www.braemusic.com
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Little Bird Cards
Little Bird Cards By: Ortivez
Rack Program Specials
Bird’s The Word
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It all started with a handmade Mother’s Day Card…
Five years later, with 450 retailers worldwide, we’re even more passionate about our mission: Creating greeting cards that delight and changing the world – one card at a time.
Infinite blessings from my family to yours,
Birds the word,
A Little Bird Told Me… by Otra Vez is a unique line of eco-friendly greeting cards for holidays and everyday occasions. We live life inspired and love designing cards that deliver heart-felt sentiment and smiles. Every one of our cards is an exquisitely detailed hand crafted collage printed on to recycled paper, measuring 5″ x 7″. Each card comes with a recycled, color coordinating envelope. All cards are blank inside, and individually sealed in a clear protective sleeve. A Little Bird Told Me… greeting cards are proudly designed and printed in Seattle, WA. We maintain the highest level of comittment to our retailers, local and global communities, and the environment.
At A Little Bird Told Me… we believe long term environmental sustainability. We protect and preserve the environment by using vegetable based inks, FSC Certified recycled paper, envelopes, and packaging. You can rest assured that we’re taking every measure to ensure that our greeting cards are “green manufactured” to leave the lightest possible environmental footprint.
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10% of our net proceeds directly support Women for Women International.
Meet Jessica Salazar, A Little Bird Told Me… artist and owner here.
“Religion that God our Father considers pure and faultless is this: to look after orphans and widows in their distress.” James 1:37
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