date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
|---|---|---|---|
1,508,006,762,000 |
Using comm I get results that look weird from this:
comm -3 <(. "$first_env_file"; env) <(. "$second_env_file"; env)
I get something like:
AUTH_LP_ACCOUNT_ID=xxx1
AUTH_LP_ACCOUNT_ID=xxx2
AWS_IMAGE_DOMAIN_NAME=abc
AWS_IMAGE_DOMAIN_NAME=zyx
NODE_ENV=local
NODE_ENV=staging
NODE_PORT=3000... |
My only guess at 3 is to loop over each line (skipping first) and if the next result has a different xxx= vs abc= then print a -------- but I am not in love with that.
Your guess is just fine. Do it in awk.
comm ... | sed 's/^\t//' | awk -F= 'NR == 1 {cur = $1; print "---- begin ----"} cur != $1 {print "---------"}... | Group results using comm |
1,508,006,762,000 |
I want to know on which ports of firewalls from a particular customer the MAC Address Filtering is not active. So I have created 2 files:
all.txt contains a list of all firewalls of a customer and looks like this:
abc123
ahg578
dfh879
ert258
fgh123
huz546
jki486
lop784
mnh323
xsd451
wqa512
zas423
active.txt contai... |
grep -v will work, just swap source with target. - will use pipe for -f
instead -x whole line -w whole word is recommended to ignore whitespaces from all.txt
cut -d\ -f1 active.txt | grep -vxFf - all.txt
Note the two whitespaces for cut: one escaped whitespace as delimiter
edit: if delimiter is a colon one must cut ... | get only the unmatched list as an output |
1,508,006,762,000 |
I have couple of files (file 1.txt and file2.txt) and I am using unix "comm" command to compare those files to find out unique lines on file1.txt
Here are the lines having on file1.txt:
OD1
EN2
OD3
OD4
OD5
EN6
EN7
EN8
EN9
OD10
OD11
OD12
Here are the lines having on file2.txt:
EN1
EN2
EN3
OD4
OD5
EN6
EN7
EN8
EN9
OD10
... |
The files have to be sorted lexically or comm will not work.
Sort them into order and try again.
Or use:
comm -23 <(sort file1.txt) <(sort file2.txt)
| comm is not proving expected result |
1,508,006,762,000 |
I have 2 files that contain numbers_ID, status, descrpation I want to join both files based on the numbers as
number_123, status1, status2
My file 1:
number_123,this car is under maintenance
number_345,this car checked is done
number_356,this car is under main
My file 2:
number_123,hold
number_345,done
I n... |
The comm utility is used to compare whole lines between files. What you want to do is to join on a particular field.
$ join -t, file2 file1
number_123,hold,this car is under maintenance
number_345,done,this car checked is done
This assumes that both files are sorted on the join field (the first comma-delimited colum... | Printing in one line the common text using comm cmd? |
1,508,006,762,000 |
1.csv:
rundeck-read-only-iam-permissions,IAMReadOnlyAccess
citrix-xendesktop-ec2-provisioning",AmazonEC2FullAccess
2.csv:
citrix-xendesktop-ec2-provisioning",AmazonEC2FullAAA
citrix-xendesktop-ec2-provisioning",AmazonS3FullAccess
rundeck-read-only-iam-permissions,IAMReadOnlyAccess
qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq,q... |
diff is probably the tool you want. Here are three example files:
$ paste foo bar baz
aaa aaa aaa
aaa aaa aaz
aaa aaa aaa
$ if diff <(sort foo) <(sort bar); then echo "No differences"; fi
No differences
$ if diff <(sort foo) <(sort baz); then echo "No differences"; fi
3c3
< aaa
---
> aaz
| compare 2 csv files and output only difference into variable |
1,508,006,762,000 |
I have four files like so:
File 1 contents (tab separated, 3 columns):
applepen apple pen
strawberry straw berry
File 2 contents:
applepen
strawjelly
File 3 contents(This file is sorted):
apple
fan
straw
File 4 contents(This file is sorted):
pen
zenith
I need to compare field 1 of file 1 with file 2, field 2 of fi... |
while read -r f11 f12 f13
do
grep -qxFe "$f11" file2 &&
grep -qxFe "$f12" file3 &&
grep -qxFe "$f13" file4 &&
printf "%s\n" "$f11 $f12 $f13"
done < file1
| How to compare multiple files and display the common lines? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
With the following .ssh/config configuration:
ControlMaster auto
ControlPath /tmp/ssh_mux_%h_%p_%r
ControlPersist 4h
How to close the persisting connection before the 4 hours?
I know you can make new connections, but how to close them (all)?
Maybe there is a way to show all the persisted connections and handle them i... |
From the manual:
-O ctl_cmd
Control an active connection multiplexing master process. When
the -O option is specified, the ctl_cmd argument is interpreted
and passed to the master process. Valid commands are: check
(check that the master process is running), forward (request
forwardings without comma... | How to close (kill) ssh ControlMaster connections manually |
1,320,479,179,000 |
Why do the "ssh_config(5)" manpages recommend that the ControlPath option should contain at least the %h, %p and %r placeholders in order to uniquely identify each shared connection?
I thought that multiple sessions should share the same socket with a connection to the same host. Wouldn't it make sense then to have a ... |
"I thought that multiple sessions should share the same socket with a connection to the same host."
They can. However, note that if you connect to a host using an existing connection via ControlPath, regardless of which user you intend to log in as, you will be logged in as the original user of the connection. Eg.,... | Why not simply use %h in OpenSSH ssh's ControlPath option? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I have a Linux (Ubuntu 12.04) PC connected to the internet with a Greenpacket WiMax USB modem. I want to share the Internet connection with another computer running Windows 7 Home Premium, connected to the Linux PC over a LAN. Is this possible? How? Is the reverse possible instead (connecting the internet to the Windo... |
You need to set up NAT on the Linux box. There are numerous howtos on the Net when you search for NAT and iptables, maybe including the distro you use. Here is a howto for Debian which should work on other distros as well: http://debianclusters.org/index.php/NAT_with_IPTables
Here are some lines that come from a Germa... | How do I share internet with Windows from my Linux box? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
My Ubuntu 12.04 (precise) laptop has three network interfaces:
eth0: wired interface sometimes connected to the Internet
wlan0: wireless interface sometimes connected to the Internet
vboxnet0: wired interface (actually a VirtualBox virtual interface) connected to another computer (actually a VirtualBox virtual machin... |
Simple
Here's a very simple iptables ruleset that masquerades everything. This one works for many simpler setups. It won't work if the box is working as a full-blown router — it has a potentially nasty habit of NATting all traffic that leaves your computer.
iptables -A POSTROUTING -o eth+ -t nat -j MASQUERADE
iptables... | NAT (Internet connection sharing) switching between multiple public interfaces |
1,320,479,179,000 |
If I am logged in to a remote server, and someone else is logged in to the same server, isn't there some way via the command line to let them "look over my shoulder"?
Of course I could copy and paste my terminal scrollback buffer at intervals and dump it in a file in /tmp, and they could cat that file...that is close ... |
I just came across this option in man script:
-f Flush output after each write. This is nice for telecooperation:
One person does ‘mkfifo foo; script -f foo’ and another can
supervise real-time what is being done using ‘cat foo’.
I haven't played with this yet, but it looks like exactly what I wa... | "Screen sharing" on the command line? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
What are the steps to use iPhone 3G internet tethering via USB on Ubuntu 10.04? Is there software I need to install on Ubuntu for this? The tethering works fine on Windows.
|
Follow this how-to: Getting iPhone Internet Tethering Working in Linux (No jailbreaking involved!)
| How to use iphone internet tethering via USB with Ubuntu 10.04 |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I've got two computers connected to the same router 10.9.8.1:
Computer A 10.9.8.2 runs Windows 10 Insider Preview. Insider Preview has VPN broken and can't be rolled back. :(
Computer B 10.9.8.3 runs Linux Mint and has a VPN connection set up via openconnect.
Here's what ipconfig reports on B (fragment):
tun0 L... |
Routing
On host A you need to route all traffic for the destination network to host B. I will assume this is something like 192.168.0.0/24
for linux (on host A):
ip r a 192.168.0.0/24 via 10.9.8.3 dev eth0
for windows (on host A):
route ADD 192.168.0.0 MASK 255.255.255.0 10.9.8.3
Forwarding
After routing is in plac... | Share a VPN connection over WiFi |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I have a computer with two network devices (eth0 and wlan0), both connected to the internet (two different connections/isp).
I'm trying to share the connection of wlan0 to another computer connected via ethernet to eth0.
What I'm doing is:
# sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o wlan0 -j MAS... |
Seem like your default gw is on eth0 and client is redirected to it (via a icmp redirect).
To fix your setup you need to add a routing rule stating that all packets incoming from client_ip should be routed to wlanO_gw.
Try adding a new routing table:
Edit /etc/iproute2/rt_tables and add a line for a new table, for ex... | Internet sharing with iptables: choosing which connection to share |
1,320,479,179,000 |
Is it possible to use only one wireless card to connect to other wifi network to access internet and share the internet to other devices via same wireless card at same time ?
No! I didn't mean hotspot since it means only sharing internet of other network card's (example, eth0) via wifi
I am doing two things at same ti... |
Yes it is possible to share internet through same wireless card through which you are connect to some WIFI.
You have to check whether your wireless card supports this feature or not. Following links will help you to do so:
Connectify for Linux with Single wireless interface
How do I create a WiFi hotspot sharing wire... | use only one wireless card to connect to wifi network and share internet through wifi at same time |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I use netfilter-persistent to manage a firewall.
I would like to share a connection between two interfaces using masquerading (example, or another). When I run those operations by invoking iptables it works.
But if I try to update firewall rules stored in /etc/iptables/rules.v4 adding such a line:
-t nat -A POSTROUTI... |
You're probably adding a rule intended for the nat table in the filter table block suitable for iptables-restore, and with inappropriate syntax.
Until you know how to edit /etc/iptables/rules.v4 directly (by studying the output of iptables-save), you should do this instead:
be careful, since the rule will be applied ... | Masquerade rule with netfilter-persistent |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I want to take my old notebook while travelling. I have to boot up only from usb or cd though. I want to connect to the internet using usb tethering from my android phone (HTC Desire + cyanogen mod 7.1)
If connect my android phone to my Windows 7 computer via usb cable and turn usb tethering on Windows does the rest a... |
NetworkManager can connect you automatically if it's configured to do so. And it comes with most modern distros, such as Fedora or Ubuntu. I recommend using live USB so that you can retain the configuration between boots.
| What live distro can automatically accept usb tethering from android phone? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I know it is possible to share an internet connection with another pc using ip-forwarding and masquerade.
Is it possible to set up the sharing computer as a DHCP server, so the settings (ip, gateway, dns) get configured for the client automatically?
The current way I do it, is that I setup the client NICs manually to ... |
Yes, you can do that.
You should look into dnsmasq. It is designed to serve this very need.
The default DHCP server on Linux is usually ISC dhcpd. It's possible to make it work in this role, too, but it's a bit more difficult to configure, and it has to be manually configured to get the DNS server integration you get ... | Is it possible to use Internet Connection Sharing with DHCP? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
for some rather strange reason my sharing preferences tab crashes (it's a long story and there seems to be no good solution for it, it's looking for a ui object that no longer exists).
Anyway, I want to enable internet sharing to share my macbook's internet connection with my iPad but I can't find a way to do it witho... |
Thanks to @Austin (http://apple.stackexchange.com/users/5916/austin) and others, I finally solved the problem! I thought damn it, this is a Unix box, i should be able to find out what's going on! I found another Snow Leopard machine at work which never had Internet Sharing turned on and in a terminal I ran:
touch now ... | How can I enable internet sharing without using the gui or apple script on snow leopard? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I've 2 linux computers, one redhat (client), and one ubuntu (set up with shared internet connection as described here)
At the moment, on the wired connection between the computers, I can ping the other computer from both sides; IP addresses are setup statically. The ubuntu computer has access to the internet through ... |
I hadn't set up NAT on the ubuntu server.
When that was set up I didn't need any 'prepend' stuff as I was able to set the IP address of the DNS server on the client (redhat, in resolv.conf) to be the same IP address as the ubuntu server was using. NAT handled the translation from one network to the other.
The instruc... | Static DNS setup on client of shared internet connection |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I am logged into my Debian machine. I want my friend to get in via SSH. He comes to authenticate as the user friend. My machine asks him for a password. He does not know the password. I want to be able to let him in by running a command my session (root) that is already authenticated. I do not want to tell him t... |
You could potentially do this using screen (which you may need to install) and SSH keys.
You need to log in as root and then run 'screen -US friend' (install if necessary), run whatever commands you need to do, and the detach from that (using 'Ctrl-A D') to leave it running.
Then in /root/.authorized_keys add your fri... | Open the SSH Door to a Knocking Friend |
1,320,479,179,000 |
My question is similar but opposite to to Telnetting the Local port not working but trying the ip working
For me, telnet to the local port works but trying with IP does not work :(
I am running pgbouncer on port 6432:
$ telnet 192.x.x.x 6432
Trying 192.x.x.x...
telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refu... |
A quick Google shows that recommended safe configurations for pgbouncer often set up the listening port only on the loopback interface (localhost). Here is one example:
[pgbouncer]
listen_port = 5433
listen_addr = localhost
auth_type = any
logfile = pgbouncer.log
pidfile = pgbouncer.pid
The configuration documentatio... | Telnetting the local port working but trying with ip not working |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I'm currently at work and our wifi is down. I usually connect my desktop to the internet through eth0 and my laptop connects through wifi.
I have an extra port on the back of the desktop (eth1) and one on my laptop (eth0). I tried connecting a crossover cable between these two ports and bringing up a connection.
I set... |
Here's how you can set up IPv4 connection sharing manually on a Linux machine. On the router (the desktop), enable packet forwarding, set up masquerading on the Internet-facing interface (eth0), and use a private IP range on the local interface (eth1). Run these commands as root:
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
iptabl... | Connect my laptop through desktop to internet |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I am having issues setting up a bridge for my raspberry pi.
My setup is:
I have a laptop running fedora 27 workstation which is connected to the internet over wifi. I have a Raspberry Pi Zero W which is connected to my laptop via usb (and only usb, no external power, no ethernet, nothing).
I flashed stretch lite ima... |
Summary:
Pi needs Fedora to forward traffic to the internet.
Pi
1 network card (that we care about) named:
usb0 -- connected to Fedora.
Fedora:
Internet connected.
2 network cards (that we care about) named:
wlp4s0 -- wifi internet
enp0s20f0u6i1 -- connected to the pi.
To make life simpler I recommend stopping the Pre... | trouble setting proper forwarding rules in `iptables` with custom ip address for network sharing |
1,320,479,179,000 |
How can I set up networking such that devices in a local network connected to the second ethernet interface could use the internet available on the first ethernet interface?
Using iproute2 I have only got as far as creating a connection between the devices in the local network and the Linux PC, while Linux PC still ha... |
Your RasPis can currently talk to the Linux PC because it is in the same network segment and has IP address 192.168.0.10. But when a RasPi attempts to access something in the internet, it will attempt to send the packets to 192.168.0.11 for further routing. But because the Linux PC's address on the RasPi network side ... | How to share internet from 1st interface to devices connected to 2nd interface? |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I m new to linux.
I changed my wifi password and was trying to reconnect to it but I failed when I type
ifconfig wlan0
I get error message. something like no such device found
|
Are you sure that you actually have a network device called wlan0? It seems that your wifi NIC is called "wlp5s0".
| wlan0 No such device found |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I cannot find any Apache mod that allows something like IIS on Windows allows - You can run an SSTP VPN server on port 443 and a HTTPS server on port 443 too at the same time, bound to the same interface. I was wondering if anything like that is possible with Apache? Or nginx? How would I configure such a thing?
If no... |
OpenVPN seems to have the --port-share option
--port-share host port [dir]
When run in TCP server mode, share the OpenVPN port with another application, such as an HTTPS server. If OpenVPN senses a connection to its port
which is using a non-OpenVPN protocol, it will proxy the connection ... | Redirect non-https tcp streams on 443 in apache to another application |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I have Linux VM in my local network, with OpenVPN perfectly working on it. Let's say my main gateway (router, actually) is 192.168.1.1, VM ip is 192.168.1.15. That's my VM network settings on the interface connected to the Internet:
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.15
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 1... |
I don't believe you can reach internet from any machine which use 192.168.1.15 as default gateway. You have to nat the connection:
iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE
| Share openvpn connection on the interface connected to internet |
1,320,479,179,000 |
I set up my NFS server without doing any bigger changes in configuration files. After that I added these entries to /etc/exports(both paths are valid) on server(192.168.1.11):
/export 192.168.1.0/192.168.255.255(rw,fsid=0,insecure,no_subtree_check,async)
/export/users 192.168.1.0/192.168.255.255(rw,nohide,in... |
Looks like you have a firewall active on your client that blocks NFS-traffic.
Configure NFS on the server so that all relevant ports are being bound (for NFSv3), then open the relevant ports on the client (tcp and udp).
For NFSv4 (I did not use it up until now) there is imho just a tcp-port you have to open on the cli... | Can not mount NFS from server on local network |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I'm using systemd-timer to periodically run a script which consumes a webservice.
Problem is, upon system resume or wake-up, internet connectivity would not get started right away but the timer gets fired and hence the script returns error (If the service waits for a couple of seconds, the script would run correctly a... |
Add After=network-online.target to the [Unit] section of the timer.
Explanation:
Timers do accept all the relative ordering commands in the [Unit] section that are known for services. In fact both the [Unit] and [Install] sections are identical for timers and services. Form the official manuals:
A unit configuration ... | How to make a systemd-timer depend on internet connectivity? |
1,631,782,708,000 |
Is there any chance to create a configuration that does the following job?
Only connect to available WiFi if it's signal is stronger than 30 %
At many places, I stay in the border area of barely available wifi-signals. Thereupon those inevitable signal-abortions are just annoying, so I always have to switch between ... |
I tried writing a script in python (python3, but works in 2 as well) that you can use for that. I've tried it until the connecting and disconnecting part, so that you can use the method that you prefer:
with open("/proc/net/wireless", "r") as f:
data = f.read()
link = int(data[177:179])
level = int(data[182:185])
noi... | How to create a configuration to only connect to WiFi if signal is ≥ 30 %? |
1,631,782,708,000 |
Why does Blutooth not connect?
The Bluetooth unit can find, but not connect to other devices on Debian Testing (9.0 Stretch). Bluetooth works well with a different Operating System. BIOS settings permit wireless.
The following packages were installed:
bluez-firmware
broadcom-sta-common
broadcom-sta-dkms
broadcom-st... |
You are missing firmware for the bluetooth.
cd /lib/firmware/brcm
sudo wget https://github.com/winterheart/broadcom-bt-firmware/raw/master/brcm/BCM20702A1-13d3-3404.hcd
sudo modprobe -r btusb
sudo modprobe btusb
See if it works
| Broadcom BCM4352 : Bluetooth does not connect |
1,631,782,708,000 |
Assume that you have a pair of UNIX/Linux machines. You want to check if both machines can connect to each other via an arbitrary port, say, TCP 111.
Log into the shell of Machine 1 (10.0.0.1). If Telnet is installed on it, you can check the connectivity with 10.0.0.2 by using the command
$ telnet 10.0.0.2 111
But so... |
I guess you can be certain that ssh is installed, but not nc. In light of that, the question could make sense.
Use the -p option. For example port open:
$ ssh -p 111 192.168.1.16
ssh_exchange_identification: read: Connection reset by peer
Port closed:
$ ssh -p 112 192.168.1.16
ssh: connect to host 192.168.1.16 port 1... | Testing connectivity and port availability using SSH instead of Telnet |
1,631,782,708,000 |
My ISP uses a Carrier Grade NAT (a switch inbetween ISP line and my primary router) and that doesn't allow me to do portforwarding (I have set it up but to no use). After much contemplation, I have decided to go for a VPN. On doing some research, I came to know that you can have two routes using iptables based on the ... |
You don't need to do anything special at all for this just to work straight off.
The system's default route should remain via your ISP. This means that all packets that aren't addressed to devices on your local network (the LAN) will go via your ISP.
Create a VPN to your required endpoint. If you're using something ba... | How can I use VPN for incoming connections and direct line for outgoing connections? |
1,631,782,708,000 |
This is driving me crazy as I cannot load certain HTTPS web sites only from KVM virtual machines and only over IPv6. IPv4 works fine. IPv6 connectivity works for the same websites from the hypervisor.
My setup
The KVM hypervisor is running on Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS.
eth0 is added to the br0 bridge interface and I use thi... |
Problem solved by reducing the MTU to 1492 in the VMs. The hypervisor is responsible to establish a PPPoE connection to the internet, and the ppp0 interface has an MTU of 1492 bytes.
Still, why would MTU be a problem since both IPv4 and IPv6 implement path MTU discovery? So why path MTU discovery is not working in thi... | Certain HTTPS web sites do not load from KVM virtual machine over IPv6 |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on an MSI GS65 Stealth 8RE. When the laptop gets out of sleep mode, air plane mode is on and Linux says it must be deactivated via a physical switch. The FN+F10 combination to turn it off works on Windows, but doesn't on Ubuntu.
When I reboot, everything seems to be fine. So it's not to... |
A review of MSI's manual for your notebook PC shows the manufacturer is Windows-centric, for they provided no drivers, Linux utilities, or physical switch to cycle wireless.
| (Ubuntu 18.04 LTS) Can't switch off Airplane mode with physical switch |
1,631,782,708,000 |
How can I use tab when I use telnet on a remote host by ssh, I have something like:
ssh -o StritHopstKeyChecking=no -p port user@hostA telnet hostB; echo "Reconnect?"; while read < /dev/tty; do ssh -o StritHopstKeyChecking=no -p port user@hostA telnet hostB; done
which launches the telnet session to hostB from hostA... |
In some situations, it is helpful to use the -t option to tell ssh to allocate a pseudo-terminal device for the ssh connection:
ssh -t -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -p port user@hostA telnet hostB
Another typical example of a command that requires -t is remote editing of a file with vi, or viewing it with less:
ssh -t ... | how do I tab in telnet when executing it on remote host by ssh? |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I'm using the traceroute utility to test network connectivity.
The problem is usually with slow speed - that means, the webpages in
the browser are often displayed very slowly. Sometimes the speed of
rendering HTML page is better, but the videos from youtube are transfered
very slowly, so that you can watch it usually... |
First, since your browser makes connections to multiple hosts, you need to know which one to check (if you don't already). There are a number of tools that can passively gather TCP statistics.
Now, mtr is a tool specifically created to measure connection reliability and output reports that can be sent to ISPs verbatim... | Traceroute - approach the place with connectivity issues |
1,631,782,708,000 |
For the last 15~20 days I've faced a inconsistent connection issues. I've tried several things, and mostly I can't say if they helped or not.
What I can say for sure:
When returning from hibernation, although I'm still connected to the WIFI, I can't access anything on the internet.
Chrome returns DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_N... |
This likely has more to do with the drivers involved than with the OS. Coming out of hibernation in Windows, for instance, is managed by the OS, but actually accomplished by the other software bits like drivers. If the drivers don't handle waking correctly, there can be inconsistency in how well it works. I'd sugge... | Intermittent internet connection/DNS issues with Debian |
1,631,782,708,000 |
Problem
I'm trying to connect to an open WiFi with a machine running FreeBSD 12-CURRENT.
Normally, I run wifi-start.sh (see below) whenever I want to connect to the Internet. It works with WPA networks but I'm having a lot of problems with open networks. The dhclient is able to connect to the open network is set in /... |
Explanation
The problem was with the configuration of /etc/resolvconf.conf automatically generated during installation.
It turns out that because of setting local_unbound_enable="YES", FreeBSD added
resolv_conf="/dev/null" # prevent updating /etc/resolv.conf
to /etc/resolvconf.conf, which prevented the modification o... | Cannot access the captive portal in FreeBSD 12-CURRENT |
1,631,782,708,000 |
When installing LAMP server, I went for tasksel, and got my DE (Xfce) and seemingly also display manager (LightDM) removed (this is a known "bug", believe it or not). Now I just need to connect to wifi to start reinstalling the removed components.
However, it seems there's very little to start with. I have no wireless... |
The issue was solved w/ chroot (thanks to Jason Croyle for the tip). Perhaps "cheating" (as I made the wifi connection in another system), but an "honest" solution wasn't forthcoming. Luckily, I had another Linux installed on the computer, so didn't even have to use a live USB. The procedure itself is described here. ... | Connect to wifi w/out DE and DM |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I'm designing some reporting system on Raspberry Pi system which connects to world thru 3G usb modem controlled by pppd.
99,999% of time connection works ok, but sometimes it drops and further reconnect attempts fail unless modem is re-plugged physically.
As in production box will work remotely with no physical access... |
Bingo!
Put 'nodetach' as command-line argument to pppd and daemon will not fork itself. All is needed then is standard 'echo $?' in next line of script:
pppd call my_provider nodetach maxfail 3
echo $?
| get pppd exit code - how? |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I am trying to deploy a web app in a VM, but if I use a NAT adapter, that VM is assigned a private IP. I want to use the bridge adapter to give the VM a real IP in my DHCP network. Both host OS and guest OS are ubuntu 20.04 LTS and when I start the VM with the bridge adapter I only get a message saying:
Connection Fai... |
Is your connection wireless? Look here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Networking.
It says:
Warning: Network bridging will not work when the physical network device (e.g., eth1, ath0) used for bridging is a wireless device (e.g., ipw3945), as most wireless device drivers do not support bridging!
| Ubuntu VM with bridged adapter not connecting to internet |
1,631,782,708,000 |
I need to reconnecting the putty session, I will tell you one example,
I'm installing the python manually in my centos os machine, while I run command make, phyton is compiling to makefile suddenly I lost putty connection and putty session is disconnected, which I reconnect and check terminal and run the command who, ... |
The session is dead, and the SSH server just hasn't timed out yet (default timeouts are insanely high, as they assume a very unreliable network). As a general rule, there's not any way you can directly connect to a disconnected SSH session, just like there's no way to connect to and take-over a session running on a d... | reconnect to disconnected putty session or connect to idle session in linux |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I'm using debian live-build to work on a bootable system. By the end of the process i get the typical files used to boot a live system: a squashfs file, some GRUB modules and config files, and an initrd.img file.
I can boot just fine using those files, passing the initrd to the kernel via
initrd=/path/to/my/initrd.img... |
The cpio block skip method given doesn't work reliably. That's because the initrd images I was getting myself didn't have both archives concatenated on a 512 byte boundary.
Instead, do this:
apt-get install binwalk
legolas [mc]# binwalk initrd.img
DECIMAL HEXADECIMAL DESCRIPTION
----------------------------... | Why is it that my initrd only has one directory, namely, 'kernel'? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I am making my own initramfs following the Gentoo wiki. Instead of the familiar tar and gzip, the page is telling me to use cpio and gzip. Wikipedia says that cpio is used by the 2.6 kernel's initramfs, but does not explain why.
Is this just a convention or is cpio better for initramfs? Can I still use tar and gzip?
|
I'm not 100% sure, but as the initial ramdisk needs to be unpacked by the kernel
during boot, cpio is used because it is already implemented in kernel code.
| Why use cpio for initramfs? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I have six Linux logical volumes that together back a virtual machine. The VM is currently shutdown, so its easy to take consistent images of them.
I'd like to pack all six images together in an archive. Trivially, I could do something like this:
cp /dev/Zia/vm_lvraid_* /tmp/somedir
tar c /tmp/somedir | whatever
But ... |
So recently I wanted to do this with tar. Some investigation indicated to me that it was more than a little nonsensical that I couldn't. I did come up with this weird split --filter="cat >file; tar -r ..." thing, but, well, it was terribly slow. And the more I read about tar the more nonsensical it seemed.
You see, ta... | How to convince tar (etc.) to archive block device contents? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I'm modifying a bunch of initramfs archives from different Linux distros in which normally only one file is being changed.
I would like to automate the process without switching to root user to extract all files inside the initramfs image and packing them again.
First I've tried to generate a list of files for gen_ini... |
It's very reliable and supported by all kernel versions that support initrd, AFAIK. It's a feature of the cpio archives that initramfs are made up of. cpio just keeps on extracting its input....we might know the file is two cpio archives one after the other, but cpio just sees it as a single input stream.
Debian adv... | Appending files to initramfs image - reliable? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
Having been directed to initramfs by an answer to my earlier question (thanks!), I've been working on getting initramfs working. I can now boot the kernel and drop to a shell prompt, where I can execute busybox commands, which is awesome.
Here's where I'm stuck-- there are (at least) two methods of generating initramf... |
It's not the kernel that's generating the initramfs, it's cpio. So what you're really looking for is a way to build a cpio archive that contains devices, symbolic links, etc.
Your method 2 uses usr/gen_init_cpio in the kernel source tree to build the cpio archive during the kernel build. That's indeed a good way of bu... | How to generate initramfs image with busybox links? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
initramfs archives on Linux can consist of a series of concatenated, gzipped cpio files.
Given such an archive, how can one extract all the embedded archives, as opposed to only the first one?
The following is an example of a pattern which, while it appears to have potential to work, extracts only the first archive:
w... |
Debian with the packages amd64-microcode / intel-microcode packages installed seems to use some kind of mess of an uncompressed cpio archive containing the CPU microcode followed by a gzip compressed cpio archive with the actual initrd contents. The only way I've ever been able to extract it is by using binwalk (apt i... | Extracting concatenated cpio archives |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I've got a problem with rebuilding the initrd image as a user. Firstly, when I try to "unpack" the original initrd image:
cpio -idm < initrd-base
cpio: dev/tty8: Cannot mknod: Operation not permitted
cpio: dev/tty3: Cannot mknod: Operation not permitted
cpio: dev/zero: Cannot mknod: Operation not permitted
cpio: dev/... |
Thank for your answers, they were useful, but I figure out my own solution.
Recreating the initrd image can be done with fakeroot-ng (and probably with fakeroot also).
The base idea of the tools it to wrap all system calls, so all programs executed within fakeroot environment thinks, they are run by a root.
I call par... | Unpack, modify and pack initrd as a user |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I have a cpio archive with lots of files and I need to extract only one file, not all. With tar I could just use tar -xf archive.tar path/to/file, but that does not work with cpio:
cpio -i < archive.cpio path/to/file
bash: path/to/file: No such file or directory
Does anyone know how to extract just a single file from... |
You should use the -d option to let cpio create the leading directories (path/to) if they don't exist:
cpio -id < archive.cpio path/to/file
Also, bsdtar (the regular tar on FreeBSD) knows how to extract cpio archives, whether compressed or not.
| How to extract a single file from a cpio archive? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I have a file in /boot/initramfs.gz
extract it using tar -xzvf initramfs.gz -C ./ I got a file initramfs.
└──╼ $ file initramfs
initramfs: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
It can be open using ark. But I want to change some files in this file initramfs.
I extracted it using ark and got a folder initramfs. Now ... |
You can do this with GNU cpio:
$ find . | cpio -o -H newc > /tmp/file
40 blocks
$ file /tmp/file
/tmp/file: ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)
| How to create ASCII cpio archive (SVR4 with no CRC)? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
Yesterday I was making some experiments on Slitaz. It uses multiple initrd.img's to store files/changes.
I wanted to extract one of its initrd.gz images (which is a cpio archive) to a folder, edit/remove them, repack again.
I used this code:
cat rootfs.img | cpio -idvm
Then all files are extracted to my root files... |
Archived with relative paths
I would advise against running that type of command at your root level, /. That's asking for trouble. I always run cpio -idvm related commands in their own directories, and then use mv or cp to put the files where they need to be manually.
You can also use the method I described in this ot... | what are the techniques to extract files safely? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I am trying to modify a file system image packed with cpio. For that reason I first need to extract and later pack the image. As the image contains a whole file system all the files are given in absolute file names, so I can't directly pack and unpack it, since it would conflict with my machine's root system.
So when ... |
Use pax and its -s option to rename files as they are added to the archive. Pax is POSIX's replacement for the traditional utilities tar and cpio; some Linux distributions don't install it by default but it should always be available as a package.
pax -w -x cpio -s '~^[/]*~~' root-directory >archive.cpio
| Create cpio file with different absolute directory |
1,413,894,503,000 |
From the info cpio page:
If you wanted to archive an entire directory tree, the find command
can provide the file list to cpio:
% find . -print -depth | cpio -ov > tree.cpio
The '-depth' option forces 'find' to print of the
entries in a directory before printing the directory itself. This
limits the effects ... |
Most cpio implementations are dumb and do not manage directory permissions while unpacking archives.
If a directory has no write access and the cpio archive is in the usual order from find, the directory would be first in the cpio archive and unpacked first from the cpio archive. When such a "readonly" directory has b... | Why do we use `find -depth` with `cpio` |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I can see my initrd is occupied almost 90 MB of disk but after extracting it via cpio , it contains only a 30 KB microcode :
$ cpio -it < initrd.img-5.4.0-18-generic
.
kernel
kernel/x86
kernel/x86/microcode
kernel/x86/microcode/AuthenticAMD.bin
62 blocks
I know that there should be a lot of files and tools which are... |
initramfs images contain multiple cpio archives; the name of your file suggests you’re using a Ubuntu derivative, so the simplest option for you to list the full contents is to use lsinitramfs:
lsinitramfs initrd.img-5.4.0-18-generic
To extract the contents, use unmkinitramfs:
unmkinitramfs initrd.img-5.4.0-18-generi... | Problem extracting the "initrd" archive in kernel 5.4 |
1,413,894,503,000 |
We have a cpio archive that was created by generating a file that contains a list of absolute paths to be included in the archive. (one absolute path per line of a plain text file) The command to generate the archive is essentially:
cat list-of-files | cpio -ocvB > preserved.cpio
We later need to extract files from t... |
cpio has a -E (--pattern-file) option, which allows you to read the list of filenames from a file instead of (or as well as) providing the filenames on the command line. For example:
cpio -icuBdmv -E files-to-extract < preserved.cpio
cpio also has -F to specify an archive name (instead of using stdin/stdout). -I an... | Extract files with cpio where one or more paths may contain spaces |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I'm renting a couple of VPS with Ubuntu, and I've managed to fill-up one of them. Here I've got several directories with lots of files I'd like to put into an archive. Unfortunately, I don't have room enough to create such an archive (not even as root).
I was therefor wondering if it's possible to use tar (preferred... |
piping should be enough. Doing just:
tar -cvj /path/to/your/files | ssh remote "cat > file.tar.bz2"
(if you have set up passwordless log in using keys)
Later on the other machine you can decompress the received file using tar -xvf path.tar.bz2 -C ./
| Archiving to remote-machine with tar/cpio and ssh? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I have been using the following command on my system to create the .cpio archive to create an initramfs for my embedded target device
sudo find . | cpio -H newc -oc > ~/initramfs.cpio
This has always worked for me without any problem. Yesterday I was generating a new archive and I received the following error:
cpio: ... |
The first error is because you're passing both -H newc and -c. You have to make up your mind on the format of the archive you want to generate. The "Operation not permitted" is a bug in GNU cpio, it's passing wrong arguments to the function that outputs that error message and should exit there.
The other errors are be... | What is the meaning of the errors from my cpio command? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I am trying to follow the Xen guide to provision a domU using package installation of the Fedora 15 release (the dom0 is CentOS 5.6). I've run the rpm install command with an alternate root to a mounted root LV, but I keep running into this issue:
# rpm -ivh --nodeps --root /mnt/fedRoot fedora-release-15-1.noarch.rpm ... |
Starting with fedora 13 (I think that version anyway), RPMs started using sha256 checksums instead of md5. RHEL5/Centos5 do not support that.
You need to add --nomd5 to your rpm install command.
| Getting "cpio: Bad magic" when trying to rpm install into a mounted Logical Volume |
1,413,894,503,000 |
When I don't need to adjust destination filenames I can do something like this:
$ find -type f -name '*.pat' -print0 | xargs -O cp -t /path/to/dest
It is safe because the filenames may even contain newline characters.
An alternative:
$ find -type f -name '*.pat' -print0 | cpio -p -0 -d /path/to/dest
Now I have the ... |
With pax as found on Debian, Suse, OpenBSD, NetBSD at least:
find . -type f -name '*.pat' -print0 | pax -0rws'/?/_/gp' /path/to/dest/
pax is a standard utility (contrary to tar or cpio), but its -0 option is not, though can be found in a few implementations.
If there's both a ?.pat and _.pat files, they will end up r... | How to copy a list of files and adjust destination filenames on the fly? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I've been trying to unarchive a cpio archive (in this case, my initial ramdisk). However, when I try to extract the files, cpio hangs forever. It happens if I pass the -V argument to print extra info, too.
alex@alexs-arch-imac:/tmp/initramfs$ cpio -i initramfs-linux.img # wait for a while after this
^C
alex@alexs-arch... |
For some weird reason, cpio doesn't like to take a file argument. Instead, you have to pipe the archive into cpio. An inexperienced user would do the following:
cat initramfs-linux.img | cpio -i
However, this would get you the Useless Use of cat Award. A better way would be:
cpio -i < initramfs-linux.img
This uses t... | When I execute a cpio command, it hangs forever |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I used the following command line
find src -name '*.json' | cpio -pdm lib
So it found the json file as in the sceenshot below
But then it takes the whole directory structure and places it into the lib folder:
What I'm aiming for is for the file and its directory files structure (src -> server -> data -> diceware.j... |
This happens because find prints the full path from your current location (ie. including src). You need to strip off the first path component, or move further into the directory structure to avoid this.
cd src && find . -name '*.json' -print0 | cpio -0pdm ../lib
| Copy file and file structure and merge in new directory |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I am trying to create modify an u-boot filesystem image. At first I tried to extract, modify and then pack it again, but that didn't work, because extracting and repacking seems to mess up the ownerships of the files. So I tried to modify it, without explicit extraction using file-roller. This should work, but sadly f... |
if you extract the cpio as root you will preserve the ownerships.
| Change CPIO format to newc without extraction |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I would like my initramfs to have the same hash no matter when or where I build it if the contents of the files are the same (and are owned by root and have same permissions). I don't see any options in GNU cpio to strip or set timestamps of files in the archive. Is there a relatively standard way to massage the inp... |
Newer versions of GNU cpio have a --reproducible flag which goes some way towards your requirements. My understanding is that the strip-nondeterminism tool will handle the timestamp requirement after the fact. touch will allow you to set the time before you package of course.
| Is there a practical way to make binary-reproducible CPIO (initramfs) archives? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I build some archive for linux kernel it need an archive file with absolute path.
File are under folder /data/
when I pack normally it keeps file path like this
bin/ln
bin/ls
etc
the command I used is like this
cd /data
find|cpio -o -H newc -F ../data.cpio
but I want cpio to keep file with root path like this
/bin/l... |
This should work as long as no filename contain the '>' characters:
pax -w -x sv4cpio -s '>^\.>>' . >../data.cpio
The -x sv4cpio should satisfy the requirement for using -H newc (SVR4 format).
| Create absolute path in cpio archive |
1,413,894,503,000 |
under SQL directory we have only the tmp folder (tmp folder usage 59G)
is it possible to compress the folder tmp without to leave the original tmp folder ? , so the compression will work on the original folder
the folder usage:
root@serverE1:/var/backup/SQL # du -sh *
59G tmp
so after compression I will see ... |
There are two problems to solve:
how to remove the files without interfering with your output, and
where to put the output while it is being created.
If you happen to not have any dot-files in /var/backup/SQL, it is simple:
just create your output named with a leading ".",
add to the tar-file using the --remove-fil... | how to compress a folder without to leave the original folder and without to remove the original folder |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I have an RPM contaning files in ./var/lib which I need to extract onto my filesystem on a Debian machine. I'm trying to do this:
rpm2cpio myrpm.rpm | cpio -ivd ./var/lib
Nothis is extracted. If I specify the full path to the exact file which I want, I get it, but I need to extract the entire tree.
How can I extract ... |
I was ultimately able to do it using something like this:
rpm2cpio myrpm.rpm | cpio -ivd './var/lib/**/*'
| Extract tree from cpio archive |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I'm on a little-endian linux machine and would like to see the canoncial hexdump of a cpio archive on big-endian linux machine.
Can someone please run these commands on a big-endian linux and post the output:
echo TESTING > /tmp/test
cpio -o <<< "/tmp/test" > /tmp/test.cpio
hexdump -C /tmp/test.cpio
If you are curiou... |
I found a sample big-endian cpio archive (it was already commented in the libmagic file):
# https://sembiance.com/fileFormatSamples/archive/cpio/skeleton2.cpio
The path entries start at the exact spot (26th byte) as the little-endian archive. So to answer my own question:
No. There's no reason not to check the 26th b... | CPIO Archive Hexdump on a Big-Endian Linux Machine |
1,413,894,503,000 |
I am not sure whether this constitutes a bug - so, I dare to try it here...
When attempting to install (with dnf) versions of the package python-dns, I get the following
error: unpacking of archive failed on file /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/dnspython-1.12.0-py2.7.egg-info: cpio: rename
I run 4.3.4-300.fc23.x86... |
I usually get this when I've used pip to install/upgrade dnspython. This can happen inadvertently when using pip to install some other python package that has dnspython as a dependency. Try manually removing anything in /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ related to dnspython and then try installing with dnf again.
| How to engage with Fedora 23 error message in dnf install error of dnspython? |
1,413,894,503,000 |
With cpio, you need to direct a list of files into cpio's standard input, whereas with tools such as tar, zip, etc, it's possible to recursively archive a directory (or multiple directories).
I understand it's considered good manners and/or best practice to archive a directory so that if you give your *.tar or *.zip ... |
If other archive tools can archive both files and directories and cpio can only archive files, what are the advantages and/or use cases of cpio?
None. Fedora's cpio documentation discourages the use of CPIO:
__WARNING__
The cpio utility is considered LEGACY based on POSIX specification. Users are encouraged ... | What are the advantages of cpio over tar, zip, etc? [closed] |
1,437,742,860,000 |
How to install Cuda Toolkit 7.0 or 8 on Debian 8?
I know that Debian 8 comes with the option to download and install CUDA Toolkit 6.0 using apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit, but how do you do this for CUDA toolkit version 7.0 or 8?
I tried installing using the Ubuntu installers, as described below:
sudo wget http:/... |
The following instructions are valid for CUDA 7.0, 7.5, and several previous (and probably later) versions. As far as Debian distributions, they're valid for Jessie and Stretch and probably other versions. They assume an amd64 (x86_64) architecture, but you can easily adapt them for x86 (x86_32).
Installation prerequi... | How to install CUDA Toolkit 7/8/9 on Debian 8 (Jessie) or 9 (Stretch)? |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I'm running Linux Mint 18.3 with the Cinnamon desktop environment, and I want to install CUDA 9.1 and NVIDIA drivers. How can I do that?
|
I have cuda 9.1 installed on Minty 18.3 with nvidia 387 390 drivers.
This is what I did:
Use the driver manager to install nvidia 390 387 (for some reason, 390 isn't working). Note the pic shows 387, but 390 works now.
Get the nvidia repo from:
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1... | How to install CUDA 9.1 on Mint 18.3? |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I want to install CUDA according to the info on NVIDIA CUDA toolkit site
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/10.2/Prod/local_installers/cuda-repo-rhel8-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo rpm -i cuda-repo-rhel8-10-2-local-10.2.89-440.33.01-1.0-1.x86_64.rpm
sudo dnf clean all
sudo dnf ... |
You didn't enable epel. You enabled the codeready-builder repo.
First, add the epel repo:
dnf install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm
It's normally enabled by default after it's installed but if not:
dnf config-manager --enable epel
You can then install dkms.
| CUDA 10 and dkms on RHEL8 |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I am new to Debian and I want to install the NVIDIA CUDA toolkit,
so I typed:
apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
but it did not work, I found out I need to add a source in /etc/apt/sources.list which contains this CUDA package.
However, as for now there are only a few lines in /etc/apt/sources.list referring to a univ... |
The nvidia-cuda-toolkit package is a non-free software , edit your /etc/apt/sources.list by adding the non-free component :
apt edit-sources
Then edit your sources , there is an example:
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main contrib non-free
save and run:
apt update
apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit
Componen... | What sources to add in order to install cuda toolkit with apt on Debian? [duplicate] |
1,437,742,860,000 |
As of Sept 2022, Nvidia still has not officially supported cuda toolkit on Fedora 36. The particular part missing is support for gcc12, which Fedora 36 defaults to. One solution to use nvcc on fedora is to go to fedora mirrors and download Fedora 35. However, I'd like to know how to getting nvcc to work on Fedora 36.
... |
Update April 2024:
Now Fedora 39 supports Cuda 12 toolkit officially. I prefer using conda to install it; nvidia has an official conda package for it. (my preference is because I don't want to touch the nvidia driver installed thru rpmfusion.
Hence no need anymore to go through the steps below, until Fedora becomes ve... | How do I use Cuda toolkit nvcc 11.7.1 on Fedora 36? |
1,437,742,860,000 |
On a server with Tesla Nvidia Card we decide to Restrict user access to GPU. In our server 2 GPU.
# ls -las /dev/nvidia*
0 crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 0 Dec 2 22:02 /dev/nvidia0
0 crw-rw-rw-. 1 root root 195, 1 Dec 2 22:02 /dev/nvidia1
I found this solve Defining User Restrictions for GPUs
I create local group... |
nvidia provides the way to set the group ID of its special device files without needing to resort to whatever extra somber script :
Whether a user-space NVIDIA driver component does so itself, or
invokes nvidia-modprobe, it will default to creating the device files
with the following attributes:
UID: 0 - 'root... | Restricting user access to nvidia GPU? |
1,437,742,860,000 |
My GPU is NVIDIA - GeForce RTX 3090 Ti, and the OS is Ubuntu 18.04.
As my code didn’t work, I checked the versions of python, pytorch, cuda, and cudnn.
Python: 3.6
torch. version : 1.4.0
torch.version.cuda : 10.1 (nvidia-smi shows CUDA version 11.3)
cudnn: 7.6.3
These are not compatible with 3090 Ti, I successfully ... |
Current driver seems to be causing black screen and freezing machine on boot.
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 520.61.05 Driver Version: 520.61.05 CUDA Version: 11.8 |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
... | Stuck at booting after upgrading |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I am trying to install CUDA version 10.0, but it is telling me a newer version is already installed. I am not able to find the newer version, so I can't run the uninstaller. I am on CentOS 7. Here's what I did:
I used wget to get the rpm and then tried to install it with
sudo rpm -i cuda-repo-rhel7-10.0.130-1.x86_64.r... |
You already have the repo for cuda 10.1.105-1 available. That is why it installed with yum install cuda
You also already have cuda 8-0-8.0.61-1 and cuda 9-0-9.0.176-1 installed.
If you want a different older version installed such as 10.0.130-1 then use this command:
yum install cuda-10-0
That will install it and al... | Unable to find (and uninstall) installed version of CUDA |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I'm trying to create a shell script that installs a series of things for me. One such thing is iMod. I've located self-installing shell script for iMod and have run the following commands on my bash console:
export IMOD_VERSION=4.11.12
export CUDA_VERSION=10.1
wget https://bio3d.colorado.edu/imod/AMD64-RHEL5/imod_${IM... |
I had some time to try and reproduce your problem.
Stock CentOS 7.9 minimal.
Then:
export IMOD_VERSION=4.11.12
export CUDA_VERSION=10.1
wget https://bio3d.colorado.edu/imod/AMD64-RHEL5/imod_${IMOD_VERSION}_RHEL7-64_CUDA${CUDA_VERSION}.sh
sudo sh imod_${IMOD_VERSION}_RHEL7-64_CUDA${CUDA_VERSION}.sh
Output:
This script... | Installation of iMod on CentOS 7 |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I tried to install cuda on Manjaro with kernel linux54 and linux59 but did not manage to get it work. I have a 64-bit laptop with Hybrid graphics, my graphic card being a GeForce 950M. My video-driver is video-hybrid-intel-nvidia-450xx-prime (I don't think this has an impact though). The nvidia packages/drivers I have... |
NVIDIA drivers 455.45.01 fully support kernel 5.9. The ones you're using don't support this kernel version.
Please update.
| CUDA on kernel 5.9 |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I am trying to install a specific package , CUDA for Nvidia to be exact. I followed the steps in their developer guide and my question is not about CUDA specifically. When I try to install it with APT normally it tries to install the latest version at this time which is 11.6. The guide I followed, however, is for vers... |
Hold the package:
sudo apt-mark hold cuda
man apt-mark:
hold
hold is used to mark a package as held back, which will prevent the package from being
automatically installed, upgraded or removed.
| Clearing apt-cache policy version table to prevent the installation of newer versions |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I am trying to install CUDA on a Linux CentOS 7 x86_64 AWS instance via the installation guide and running into an error that I cannot resolve.
Here are the steps I took:
I verified that I had gcc and a CUDA-compatible NVIDIA GPU
I installed the kernel headers: sudo yum install kernel-devel-$(uname -r) kernel-headers-... |
Update to the latest packages in a CentOS 7. You should be able to do this by running “yum update”
This was fixed in https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2018:3059
| Transaction check error during CUDA installation on CentOS 7 |
1,437,742,860,000 |
I'm running Linux Mint 18.2 "Sonya" and want to install CUDA 8. When I install it using package manager it install Cuda 7.5 instead:
sudo apt-get install nvidia-cuda-dev nvidia-cuda-toolkit
...
nvidia-cuda-dev is already the newest version (7.5.18-0ubuntu1).
nvidia-cuda-toolkit is already the newest version (7.5.18-0u... |
Follow the next steps
Installation Instructions:
1 `sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1604_8.0.61-1_amd64.deb`
2 `sudo apt-get update`
3 `sudo apt-get install cuda`
Extracted from https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads
| Install CUDA 8 on linux mint 18.2 |
1,521,993,101,000 |
Deployment:
VM -- (eth0)RPI(wlan0) -- Router -- ISP
^ ^ ^ ^
DHCP Static DHCP GW
NOTE: RPI hostname: gateway
• The goal was to make VMs accessible from the outside the network. Accomplished, according to the tutorial https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IAa4tI4JrgI, via the Port Forwarding ... |
Question 1.) Sorry, it looks like you've misunderstood a few things.
dhcpcd is a DHCP client daemon, which is normally started by NetworkManager or ifupdown, not directly by systemd. It is what will be handling the IP address assignment for your wlan0.
You can use dhcpcd as started by systemd if you wish, however tha... | "Not running dhcpcd because /etc/network/interfaces defines some interfaces that will use a DHCP client or static address" |
1,521,993,101,000 |
What are the valid values (and what are they used for) for the static option in /etc/dhcpcd.conf file?
I'm configuring a network interface of a Raspberry (running raspbian stretch) by editing the /etc/dhcpcd.conf file.
Altough I was able to set up it correctly, I am curious about all the configuration options provided... |
I was wondering the same thing and also couldn't find any definitive answers out there, so I went digging.
I don't know if this is an exhaustive list, but here is a list of valid values for the static option that I have been able to glean from looking at the source code (available here):
ip_address
subnet_mask
broadca... | Configure static values in /etc/dhcpcd.conf |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I've just completed a simple source code modification & rebuild on a Raspberry Pi OS - bullseye machine. Because this is new to me, I'll list the steps I followed in an effort to avoid ambiguity:
$ dhcpcd --version
dhcpcd 8.1.2 # "before" version
$ sudo apt install devscripts # bui... |
You can either add the relevant lines at the top of debian/changelog (find here details on the contents of that file).
You can duplicate the current top stanza and change the version number (making an useful log comment is a good idea).
Alternatively you can use the dch tool (from devtools):
dch --local your_package_n... | How to set a new version number in a .deb package I've built |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I am using a new installation of Arch Linux and whenever I boot my system I have to wait for 90 seconds as there is a start job running for my network interfaces.
I installed Arch yesterday and whenever I do ip a I get that ethernet interfaces is in DOWN state. I used a wired usb tether to complete the whole installat... |
I'd say it's very likely the problem you're seeing is with the [email protected] that's configured on your system. So my recommendation would be to disable it, hopefully that's enough to make that timeout during boot disappear:
$ sudo systemctl disable dhcpcd@eth0
I'll go over the evidence to support that claim. Ther... | A start job is running for eth0 |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I believe "airplane mode" on various applets is equivalent to nmcli radio wifi off. What is its equivalence when we use dhcpcd/wpa_supplicant? pkill wpa_supplicant?
|
NetworkManager (and its nmcli CLI command) calls a lower level API in the end. As this has nothing to do with dhcpcd and not much to do with wpa_supplicant, if you're not using NetworkManager, you can still (install the adequate package and) use as root the rfkill command.
To list the status of all available RF device... | airplane mode in wpa_supplicant |
1,521,993,101,000 |
How does one list the options that are sent to a client from a DHCP server? Using a utility run from bash?
|
You can use tshark, the commandline version of wireshark, tshark -tad -nn -VOdhcp -ixenbr0 -f 'ip and udp port 67'
| How to list DHCP options sent to a client from a DHCP server in Linux? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I start by saying that my experience in networking is somewhere between low and medium.
I'm working on a Linux machine with DHCP configured and from tcpdump traces I see that the dhclient send the hostname "linux" in Option 12, Request packages. I verified the files /etc/hostname, /etc/hosts and /etc/dhclient.conf and... |
From man 5 dhclient.conf, the config entry is send host-name <...>. It's near the bottom. The example they give is:
interface "ep0" {
send host-name "andare.example.com";
request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, routers,
domain-name, domain-name-servers, host-name;
}
But, I doubt you need to put i... | DHCP client send hostname "linux" |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I have a working dns+dhcp server.
When clients receive the ip from dchpd server, it send the hostname to dhcpd+dns server and works fine.
But there is only a problem:
suppose a client called nagios1.myzone.com, for some reason I delete it and replace with another one with the same name, but different linux distro and... |
The DHCID records are parts of a scheme to identify which client currently holds the corresponding other dynamically-updated DNS record(s) with the same name; see RFC 4701.
The TXT records are an older scheme for the same purpose: if you are using the ISC dhcpd as your DHCP server and have set ddns-update-style stand... | dhcp and dns dynamic update, is possible to override/renew the DHCID record? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I'm setting up a couple of Raspberry Pi's on my router's DMZ (don't worry all the ports are closed); my router uses DNSMasq for DNS and so I added the MAC addresses; hostnames and IPs of the pi's to the dhcp static leases.
Now that said, I'm only learning to use dhcpcd; I'm used to the old way of using /etc/networkin... |
I am a bit confused about your setup. Maybe I am misunderstanding it.
Anyhow, the way it's normally done is to have one central place to configure everything (in your case, that should probably your router).
Then you don't have to care about the configuration of the RaspPi's. In fact, you can configure them identical... | Static IP and DHCP Lease in dnsmasq? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I have a Pihole with a fixed IP, 192.168.0.3. It works, and I can get to the GUI interface with that IP.
Recently I noticed my router displaying alternating IP addresses for the Pi in its UI (the router lists clients by Mac).
I tried navigating to the second address on the same subnet and the Pihole GUI is served.
ip ... |
Got some help over here
NetworkManager was taking over. I probably installed it at some point for one of it's tools, never intending it to actively take over my Pi as a DHCP client. Honestly, I'm surprised this doesn't happen more often. It was quite tricky to troubleshoot. I have WiFi disabled on my Pi, and... | Eth0 Has two IP addresses |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I'm trying to disable 169.254.xx routes from being added to the route table on a pi4 (Raspbian 10 Buster). All I have read so far points to dhcp configuring link local address, APIPA, zeroconf.
Added noipv4ll and set eth0 to static ip in dhcpcd.conf with no joy.
pi@raspberrypi:/etc/dhcp $ cat /etc/dhcpcd.conf
# A sa... |
I added this to the bottom of the dhcpcd.conf file and
169.254.x.x route is not added.
denyinterfaces veth* br*
| disable 169.254.x.x routes for veth interfaces - pi4 buster |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I am using arch linux and every time I boot y system I have to manually run:
sudo dhcpcd enp0s31f6
sudo dhcpcd wlan0
to have internet connection. How Can I make start these services automaticly after boot ?
Thanks for help
|
Thanks for comments. The solution was combination of enabling systemd service:
sudo systemctl enable --now dhcpcd
and uninstalling Networkmanager which I did not know I had installed and was causing nondeterministic behavior of my device.
sudo pacman -Rs networkmanager
Thanks to every one who was trying to help.
and... | Arch linux: automatic start of dhcpd on boot |
1,521,993,101,000 |
OS: Debian 11
I'm attempting to create an example isc dhcpd.conf which has an entry for each option. So far I've managed to find about 30 options to include but I can't find the other ~160. I looked at the dhcp & dhcpd.conf man pages and consulted chatgpt. Any have such a list they'd be willing to share or point me... |
From man dhcpd.conf:
REFERENCE: OPTION STATEMENTS
DHCP option statements are documented in the dhcp-options(5) manual page.
Have a look at man dhcp-options or the online manual.
| Is there an example dhcpd.conf that contains an example for each option? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I was digging into dhcpcd behavior, and I've found something that confuses me: dhcpcd vs. dhcpcd5.
$ which dhcpcd
/sbin/dhcpcd
But dhcpcd is only a link: dhcpcd -> /etc/alternatives/dhcpcd, which in turn points back to: dhcpcd -> /sbin/dhcpcd5. So - a dhcpcd and a dhcpcd5 - both in sbin.
On my Raspberry Pi dhcpcd is ... |
This is all for historical reasons. There used to be a dhcpd package which integrated with ifupdown, running one instance of dhpcd per interface.
Version 5 of the project changed behaviour, with a single instance handling all interfaces. To simplify upgrades, it was packaged as an entirely new package; this allowed ad... | There are two `dhcpcd` files in Debian buster - why is that? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I'm trying to set up a raspberry pi as a network bridge between a wireless access point and a router (the reason for this being that I'd like to connect a device to the AP and use tc on the pi to simulate a poor network). The router is wired to the pi at eth0 and the AP is wired to the pi at eth1 (usb to ethernet adap... |
After looking at the linked tutorial ( https://pimylifeup.com/raspberry-pi-wifi-bridge/ ), I could conclude that this is not a bridge tutorial, but a NAT/router tutorial. Even a comment in it also states:
Also, important to note that this setup is a wifi client NAT router,
not technically a bridge.
So to actually ... | Trouble setting up Raspbian network bridge |
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