date int64 1,220B 1,719B | question_description stringlengths 28 29.9k | accepted_answer stringlengths 12 26.4k | question_title stringlengths 14 159 |
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1,521,993,101,000 |
Before launching a VM from my script, I need to figure out which IP address it will get.
So I did:
dhclient <interface>
And this works, because dhclient uses the MAC address from the macvtap interface specified, and returns me the IP address from the DHCP server.
This is not a foolproof solution, because there may be... |
dhcp does not change the local configuration directly, it calls a script once it gets the lease (by default /sbin/dhclient-script in Debian).
You can specify your own script with -sf and use the $new_ip_address to find out the leased IP. There is a dedicated manpage for this type of script.
dhcp will keep on running o... | How to "predict" a DHCP IP address? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
If I understand this "issue" (systemd-networkd DHCP Server ignores SendOptions #15780), SystemD can be configured to handle network booting. However, I am unable to find more information about that functionality.
I am currently using a DHCPD server with minimal configuration, why it would be nice if it could be moved ... |
The answer is yes! The following configuration worked for me.
[Match]
Name=<NETWORKD DEVICE NAME>
[Network]
DHCP=yes # Required
DHCPServer=true # Required
IPForward=yes # Required if to pass traffic from client
IPMasquerade=both # Required if to ... | Can systemd networkd be configured for netboot, PXE boot, if yes, how? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
After installing dhcpcd, the machine is unable to get IPv4 from DHCP, but generate IPv6 as expected and get DHCPv6 options (like DNS, domain, etc.); the config in /etc/networking/interfaces is
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
in /etc/dhcpcd.conf I have:
hostname
duid
persistent
vendorclas... |
The problem is that the DHCP server doesn't support the use of DUID as ClientID so the solution is to disable the option duid
| Unable to get IPV4 with dhcpcd on Alpine in a dual stack setup |
1,521,993,101,000 |
My board has two network interfaces. Both of them are use DHCP to get IP address and DNS. The default route is ordered by metric, but DNS server received by dhcpcd is inverse. My default route table:
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.8.1 0.0.0.0 UG ... |
Hmm... according to whois, 211.136.17.107 is part of network segment 211.136.16.0/21, which belongs to China Mobile.
If you use a distribution that is based on Debian or Ubuntu, you could install the resolvconf package and modify the /etc/resolvconf/interface-order file to say you specifically want the records for eth... | How to set the order of DNS server with two interfaces? |
1,521,993,101,000 |
I'm using dhcpcd to statically set the interface addresses. However, dhcpcd always listens on port 68, even if setting the interfaces as static addresses. It's probably strange to have a dhcp client that doesn't listen to bootp, but how do i stop dhcpcd from binding to an interface?
|
dhcpcd expects you to add routes. So setting static interface addresses doesn't stop it from being prepared for actual DHCP work.
Explicitly rejecting BOOTP (through 'require dhcp_message_type') also doesn't stop it from binding to 68...
According to the source code, binding to 68 is necessary "so that the kernel neve... | dhcpcd listening on port 68 |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I have Linux Mint Cinnamon 18.3 running with the proprietary drivers from Nvidia. The automatic display detection is great for setting up (way easier than the old days!) but as DisplayPort disconnects monitors when they're turned off, it's moving my windows around on my 3 display setup.
Is there any way to take a snap... |
In most cases, the RandR extension is used to configure display settings. Therefore, I will focus on it in this answer. So this answer may not apply if you're using Wayland, the proprietary NVIDIA drivers without DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) kernel mode setting enabled or have disabled the RandR extensions. If so, c... | Stop display settings changing when turning off DP monitors on Linux Mint |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I already posted this over at reddit, but got no response until now.
I bought this cable just to find out my system doesn't do anything. Both lsusb and tail -f /var(log/kern.log don't show any difference when plugging the cable in and out. Is it worth trying to get this to work or should I just send it back directly? ... |
[EDIT: I append at the end of this answer a very brief update, one year after i gave the answer here. If this update should be a second, separate answer, please lmk. Apart from this update at the end, the answer is unchanged]
Your questions are very timely, even though you asked them 7 months ago. And you asked two qu... | USB C → DisplayPort Adapter support |
1,403,538,848,000 |
OS: GNOME 3.30.2 on Debian GNU/Linux 10 (64-bit)
My laptop has no output from the HDMI port. The monitor shows "NO INPUT DETECTED". Previously I had Kubuntu installed and before that I had windows 10, Both worked fine, which means this is not a hardware issue.
I have tried:
Using the package "ARandR" to scan for new ... |
You have a laptop with two GPUs, using Nvidia's "Optimus" technology.
The low-power CPU-integrated Intel iGPU is physically wired to output to the laptop's internal display, while the HDMI output is wired to the more powerful Nvidia discrete GPU. The device ID 10de:1f91 indicates the Nvidia GPU is GeForce GTX 1650 Mob... | Debian 10 [Buster]: HDMI Input Not detected |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I have a laptop + docking station with 1x VGA and 2x Display Port (1 converted to DVI, 1 native DP) outputs on it. When docked I want it to use the 3 external displays and have the onboard display deactivated - and when undocked only use the onboard display.
I've tried:
Kubuntu 16.10 Beta 2 (updated, so I think it... |
Well after much trial and error, I only found one configuration that consistently works (mostly), and that's using KDE 5.8 which is brand-spankin'-new.
In addition to the distros mentioned in my question, I tried the following since then:
Elementary - major probs =(
Mint (Cinnamon) - major probs =(
Ubuntu (Unity) - m... | Desktop Linux distro that is laptop friendly (w/ docking station with 1x VGA and 2x Display Port) |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I'd like to understand how Linux detects which display devices are available (video output) and how it decides what to display on each one.
For example: if I have an embedded device with a serial line and an HDMI port, how do I make the console appear on the HDMI display instead of the serial console?
Also, if I want ... |
For most systems, handling which screen device to output to is dependent on the GPU or some other video display controller. All interfacing with the video device(s) on the system is handled by the Direct Rending Manager (DRM) and the closely related Kernel Mode Setting (KMS) kernel subsystems.
From the Wikipedia page ... | Where do I start to understand the display controller management? |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I've connected the monitors to the dock, and the monitors detect when they are being connected and disconnected, so there doesn't seem to be any issue with the signal as such. All the other plugs on the dock are also working perfectly (power, Ethernet, USB to keyboard and mouse, USB-C to laptop). Basically everything ... |
What does the lsusb command say about it?
If the output line for the dock includes ID 17e9:600a, then it is this one: a DisplayLink dock.
DisplayLink docks essentially provide an extra USB-connected almost-GPU that needs its own evdi driver module. The driver package also includes firmware that is needed for the USB-G... | DisplayPort monitors via HP USB-C Universal Dock not detected by HP EliteBook 840 G7 |
1,403,538,848,000 |
My laptop has a 4k display. When I plug in my thunderbolt 3 to display port adapter which connects to 3 1920x1200 displays over MST it fails to properly connect because it exceeds the maximum resolution permitted by my GPU.
A -hopeful- solution to this is disabling the built in display and then connecting to the exte... |
First, an xrandr --listmonitors shows the displays visible for your X.
For example, you will see these (I have a single-display, you will have multiple):
Monitors: 1
0: +*DVI-0 1920/598x1080/336+0+0 DVI-0
Now if I would want to power off my DVI-0 display, I would issue an
xrandr --output DVI-0 --off
You can get a ... | Disable built in display when external is provided in Gnome |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I have three identical 1680x1050 monitors and am trying to use them via the “HP G5 USB-C dock” on my Razer Blade 15" 2018 laptop and its Thunderbolt 3 port. With xrandr I can get all displays working simultaneously sometimes, but never in the resolutions I want to.
If I build modelines myself, I can run all three with... |
My findings
That HP G5 dock (spec) does only USB-C. The video signal will be transmitted with that famous USB-C Alternate mode for DisplayPort; the Thunderbolt 3 functionality from the laptop (same port, different mode of operation) is not used.
The tripple 1680x1050 resolution is a strong hint that the laptop is l... | How to get xrandr to output three 1680x1050 video signals over this USB-C dock at 60Hz? |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I have a laptop that only has a Mini DisplayPort (no VGA or HDMI out and no docking station) for output. I'd like to get an external monitor for it, but I've never used DisplayPort before. I'm just going to use the external monitor for basic office work, no gaming or videos. When I'm using the monitor I'll probably us... |
Linux supports DisplayPort just as well as any other digital display output. As long as you have your graphics drivers properly installed, it should behave just as it would with DVI-D. No special procedures should be required, unless the monitor you buy just happens to be screwy. Buying a screwy monitor can usually be... | display port to VGA adapter |
1,403,538,848,000 |
My laptop is connected to an external monitor via DisplayPort(in a port in the docking station). When I boot my laptop while it is connected to the docking station everything works fine, but if I detach the laptop from the docking station and reattach it, the external monitor does not wake up. It does recognize someth... |
The solution was to install Laptop Mode Tools.
| DisplayPort won't wake up screen when laptop placed in docking station |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I have a Dell Latitude e6420 laptop with a discrete Nvidia NVS 4200m graphics card in addition to an Intel HD 3000.
When at home, I use a docking station which is connected to another monitor. I used to have my monitor connected to the docking station via DVI which worked perfectly fine. But as I recently got a new ... |
I just tried this solution again. However, I changed /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia before running optirun intel-virtual-output and it worked this time. The Archwiki didn't mention that this must be done beforehand so I had only changed the configuration files afterwards and re-running optirun intel-virtual-output p... | Unable to get Displayport output working with a Nvidia Optimus Laptop |
1,403,538,848,000 |
Suddenly one of three monitors (DELL U2414H) stopped working. In nvidia-settings I can see 4 lanes instead of 2.
It is the only visible difference between working and not working monitor configuration.
Working:
Not working:
Sometimes, I have a similar issue with the wrong number of lanes, but 1 lane instead of 2. I... |
Solved by buying a DisplayPort cable (not mini).
Maybe the interface on the monitor was damaged.
| Wrong number of lanes via DisplayPort, probably Nvidia GTX 1080 driver issue [closed] |
1,403,538,848,000 |
I am working with (one of) my workstation(s) working under Scientific Linux 6, so, basically a quite old version of Red Hat Enterprise Linux. I would need to use 2 screens, but only have 2 DisplayPort and one VGA as outputs from my Intel IGP. I am unable to make the DisplayPort ports working, I guess because the driv... |
It is the lack of support for the GPU in kernel (and likely also in X.Org video driver) which you need to somehow solve. Proper support for Sky Lake based GPUs in i915 kernel driver should be available from kernel 4.4 on. Then again, myself I still couldn't get a Intel GPU with device code 1912 working in Debian Jessi... | How to use the proper video driver on Scientific Linux 6 for Display Port screens? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I have bought some audio books at Audible. The default .aa files play fine in VLC, but the quality is pretty bad - there's a constant background hum during any speech. Their enhanced quality audio files open in VLC, which displays the frontispiece, chapter number, and progress indicator, but there is no sound. Is it p... |
Using audible-activator and AAXtoMP3 worked. With a few tweaks, AAXtoMP3 converts to FLAC as well.
| How to play AAX audio books from Audible? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
The QEMU options -display curses and -nographic -device sga (the serial graphics adapter) are very convenient for running QEMU outside of a graphical environment.
(think: remote ssh connection, rescue system etc.)
Both modes fail to work with framebuffer text mode, though. The new default with some Linux distirbutions... |
As of 2017, qemu doesn't provide text-mode-only graphics card emulation for x86-64 that would force a guest to stay in text mode.
Current distributions like Fedora 25 come with the bochs_drm kernel module that enables a frame buffer (e.g. 1024x768 graphics mode), by default. In contrast to that, e.g. Debian 8 (stable)... | Disable framebuffer in QEMU guests |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I'm trying to understand what the difference is between DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) and a graphics driver, such as AMD or Nvidia GPU drivers.
Reading the DRM wiki[1], it seems to me like DRM is basically a graphics hardware driver, however this doesn't explain the existence of proprietary or FOSS graphics drivers f... |
"Graphics driver" can mean any number of things.
The way X (the graphical windowing system) works is that there is a central X server, which can load modules ("X drivers") for different hardware. Like vesa, fbdev, nvidia, nouveau, amdgpu.
Some of these drivers can work on their own (vesa). Some need linux kernel drive... | What's the difference between DRM and a graphics driver? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
While i was reading dmesg log just to check that everything is fine, i met
[ 18.956187] [drm] Wrong MCH_SSKPD value: 0x16040307
[ 18.956190] [drm] This can cause pipe underruns and display issues.
[ 18.956192] [drm] Please upgrade your BIOS to fix this.
Looks that it does not cause problems on my laptop, but w... |
Dissecting the acronym, I get that MCH stands for 'Memory Controller Hub' with is an older name for the northbridge. This chip is part of your I/O controller hub.
As for SSKPD, there is not much information I can find other than what is in various intel manuals. Here is a snippet from one of them:
SSKPD — Sticky Scra... | What is MCH_SSKPD warning in dmesg? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I want to write a linux driver which maps my specified memory address space to /dev/fb0.
the driver should be specified by what part of linux? drm or frame buffer or server X or somthing else? Which properties should I have in my driver?
|
The driver is a linux kernel module.
Download the source of the linux kernel, have a look at the code of the existing framebuffer drivers in drivers/video/fbdev (github here) and the documentation in Documentation/fb (github). Google for tutorials how to write kernel modules, practice with a simple module first.
Just ... | mapping linux /dev/fb0 to DDR for displaying |
1,480,248,933,000 |
My /proc/meminfo shows about 500 MB is allocated as Shmem. I want to get more specific figures. I found an explanation here:
https://lists.kernelnewbies.org/pipermail/kernelnewbies/2013-July/008628.html
It includes tmpfs memory, SysV shared memory (from ipc/shm.c),
POSIX shared memory (under /dev/shm [which is a... |
Edit: there is an interface for kernel debugging purposes only. It is only accessible by root and is not stable. It might be rewritten, renamed, and/or misleading if you are not a kernel developer. (It might even be buggy, for all I know). But if you have a problem, it might be useful to know it's there.
My i915 d... | Can I see the amount of memory which is allocated as GEM buffers? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I'm porting this over from the Ubuntu SE, since I'm leaning more toward this being a general linux issue.
I saw another post on Ubuntu that had been removed by the moderator on this very same issue. This is a problem, and it seems oriented around linux.
Most of what I've found via google is very sparse and unhelpful.
... |
I can't really give you much more information other then a confirmation of the same issue on half a dozen different Linux builds I tried today. I've been using CBS AA since 2017 and it's always worked for me, last tried to use a couple months ago no problem. Today, same problem as you. Doesn't appear to be a User Agen... | Known Issues With CBS All Access Streaming? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I made a small linux distro to use on my projects involving an orange pi one H3, but the HDMI output never works
To know if the device was supported by the linux kernel, i tested another distro (armbian), which worked fine. With that in mind, i tried to change my kernel config based on their, adding every relevant fea... |
This error is an ENOMEM (out of memory error), because CMA size needs to be bigger than one raw frame of the resolution that the display will use
1920x1080 32bpp needs about 8MB, and the default is 16MB so it was working, but 3840x2160 32bpp needs a bit more than 32MB
Armbian changes the default size to 128M on the ke... | Why the hdmi output doesn't work on orange pi one? |
1,480,248,933,000 |
Why do DRM render nodes in /dev/dri/renderD<X> start their numbering from 128 while the privileged interaces in /dev/dri/card<X> start at zero?
$ ls -al /dev/dri/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 100 Nov 21 07:46 .
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 6040 Nov 22 11:09 ..
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 80 Nov 21 07... |
The privileged DRI interface came first, and a fixed major device number 226 was initially allocated for them exclusively.
As the ARM devices and the development of GPGPU compute devices proved that display mode-setting and rendering need to be accessible as separate devices, render nodes were developed. It looks like... | DRM render node numbering |
1,480,248,933,000 |
I have tried to enable the DRM by setting this kernel parameter in Manjaro i3:
nvidia_drm.modeset=1
but afterwards the system refused to start lightDM because of the following Xorg error:
failed to create screen resources
After some digging I have found the following message in the kernel logs that mentions a failin... |
I think I have finally figured it out. At least autorandr now finally detects the plugging in of an external screen, which is the main reason I wanted to enable drm.
I followed the following article
https://vfbsilva.medium.com/howto-set-up-prime-with-nvidia-proprietary-driver-c647e3597447
Step 1: uninstall bumblebee
S... | Direct Rendering Manager not working with RTX3060 on propriatery NVIDIA Driver |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I have a CentOS 6 server with two hard drives in it. My old 3TB drive has been giving me some issues so I'm moving things over to a new drive. Because my / and /home partition are managed by a LVM it was easy to migrate those to the new drive. Now I want to move over my /boot partition and the MBR that makes it all... |
If the two hard-disks are of the same size (or the new one is bigger), why didn’t you just copy the old disk to the new disk? I.e.
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb
Now, if the new hard-disk is bigger, change the partition sizes with parted or gparted. All this done booting from a live CD/USB-stick.
| Moving /boot and MBR to a new drive |
1,394,841,013,000 |
What is the difference between the od, hd, hexdump and xxd commands ?
They are all commands for dumping files and they can all dump it in various formats such as hexadecimal, octal or binary. Why creating different programs ?
|
Unix, of which Linux is just one flavour, has a long and rich history. It has not been developed by a single company or group, nor following a master plan, and has evolved by adaption to many niches. You can find many examples where multiple tools cover similar or the same functionality. They have been implemented by ... | What is the difference between the od, hd, hexdump and xxd commands? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I've been attempting to compress my mysqldump output via 7z using the pipe operator (I have seen this question, but its answer uses xz not 7z). This is what I have tried so far:
mysqldump -u root -p Linux_Wiki | 7z > backup.sql.7z
and:
mysqldump -u root -p Linux_Wiki | 7za > backup.sql.7z
and:
mysqldump -u root -p ... |
First store the password in a file called .my.cnf in the users home directory with the following format:
[mysqldump]
password=secret
Then, you have to use mysqldump without the -p flag to dump a mysql database (it now uses the password from the file):
mysqldump -u root database | 7z a -si backup.sql.7z
The a flag ... | How to compress a mysql dump using 7z via a pipe? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I'm on a Mac (OSX).
I've accidentally deleted my ssh keys, but I haven't restarted my computer yet so I'm still able to access servers with my key. I guess the ssh-agent has some form of it in memory?
Is there any way to retrieve the key from the ssh-agent?
I still remember the password etc.
|
Depends on how much time you have. If you know C than the safest way is to connect with gdb to the ssh-agent process (must be root) and print the key data. Identity keys are stored in an array called idtable which contains a linked list of identities. So, you can print the BIGNUM data (as defined in (1)) like:
(gdb) c... | Deleted my ssh keys |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I have inherited a Ubuntu 14.04 production server which needs to be upgraded to 20.04, and I would like a sandboxed version to experiment with first, hence I want to dump and restore the filesystems over the network from either a MacOS or another 14.04 virtualbox instance. An earlier version of this question is at ht... |
It's the ONLCR .c_oflag termios setting which is causing the newline (\n) to be turned into carriage-return/newline (\r\n) by the pseudo-terminal allocated by ssh on the remote machine (because of ssh's -t option).
Turn it off with stty -onlcr:
ssh -t me@there 'stty -onlcr; ...' > output
| What causes \r's to be inserted before \n's when retrieving a binary file over ssh, and how do I circumvent it? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I was wondering why od(1) used to work in UNIX but doesn't work in GNU/Linux. There is a nice answer on serverfault. The next question is, are you aware of any tools that can emulate od behavior to support dumping directory data in GNU/Linux?
|
Linux doesn't let you do a plain read(dir_name, buffer, sizeof(buffer) - it always returns -1 and puts EISDIR in errno. This is probably rational, as not all filesystems have directories as files. The commonly-used reiserfs does not, for example.
You can use the open() system call from a C program to get a file desc... | od emulation for directories |
1,394,841,013,000 |
In OpenVMS the DUMP command:
Displays the contents of a file, a directory, a disk volume, a
magnetic tape volume, or a CD-ROM volume in decimal, hexadecimal,
octal format, ASCII, or formatted data structures.
This is frequently used when a file is not a simple text file where the content has a mixture of data ty... |
There's a few options.
od should be available on POSIX systems, so most Unix and Linux variants will have it. That command has a slew of options to control the output format.
hexdump (from util-linux on my distro) is my favorite for a quick inspection (hexdump -C), but it's not available everywhere.
xxd (installed wi... | What is Unix for the OpenVMS DUMP command? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
There is a server having an interesting problem (a few other had the problem too). We think that SAP takes almost all the paging, but we cannot say that 100%, because when this problem occurs, even a "ps -ef" won't run on the system because the command will hang!
During the problem (before a reboot, because a reboot f... |
sysdumpstart -p
it took about ~22 minutes to do this 4 GByte sized one. It automatically reboots after the dump! After reboot, save the dump from the dumpLV to a file.
smitty dump
Copy a system dump from a dump device to a file
trying to get a developer who can analyze the dump file :) opening software call.
How t... | AIX: how to do a dump that contains the application related infos too? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
Whatever I have understood so far about the 5th column of /etc/fstab that it is for dump command to run on that file system. if entry is 0 dump command will not run and if the entry is 1 then dump command will run.
But I have not understood yet that in what condition the command will run? And where will be the locatio... |
The dump or fs_freq column in /etc/fstab is the dump frequency in days. It is used by dump's -w and -W options to inform the operator which filesystems need to be dumped. To my knowledge, a 0 in that field never prevented dump from running; the filesystem just wouldn't show up in dump -w output.
One use case is that... | /etc/fstab 5th column |
1,394,841,013,000 |
Is there a way to compare the current state of the filesystem to that stored in a backup created by dump?
I recently had some major corruption in the filesystem and my most recent backup is from several months ago. I want to compare the two in order to get an idea of how much was corrupted and hopefully see how much h... |
Take a look at the restore command. It has a switch, -C which looks like what you're looking for.
excerpt from restore man page
-C This mode allows comparison of files from a dump. Restore reads the
backup and compares its contents with files present on the disk. It
first changes its working dire... | Compare a filesystem to a dump |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I've managed to root a device and I'd like to dump it's entire filesystem in order to analyze and reverse engineer it.
This device claims to be Linux 2.6.31 mips GNU/Linux. The way I can access the shell interface is via network, by simply telneting to a port.
How can I dump it's entire filesystem outside the device?
... |
The easiest way to get the data out over the network is to pipe them through a TCP connection using nc. Depending on how exact a clone you want, "the data" here may mean either of the following:
The entire block device (a complete block-level image of the filesystem): cat /dev/sda | or cat /dev/mtdblocksomething | (... | Dumping a live filesystem |
1,394,841,013,000 |
Let's say I have these series of commands
mysqldump --opt --databases $dbname1 --host=$dbhost1 --user=$dbuser1 --password=$dbpass1
mysqldump --opt --databases $dbname2 --host=$dbhost1 --user=$dbuser1 --password=$dbpass1
mysqldump --opt --databases $dbname3 --host=$dbhost2 --user=$dbuser2 --password=$dbpass2
mysqldump ... |
In your comment to @tink's answer you want seperate files in the .gz files:
mysqldump --opt --databases $dbname1 --host=$dbhost1 --user=$dbuser1 --password=$dbpass1 > '/var/tmp/$dbhost1.$dbname1.sql' ; mysqldump --opt --databases $dbname2 --host=$dbhost1 --user=$dbuser1 --password=$dbpass1 > '/var/tmp/$dbhost1.$dbname... | Chaining mysqldumps commands to output a single gzipped file |
1,394,841,013,000 |
When dumping my FS with dump, e.g.:
$ dump -0f /path/to/usb/nonexistant-file-name /
I get a binary file, extension-free. It's normal.
I regularly store such backups, if ever I need to restore one. As usual.
But...
How can I check the reliability of such a file produced by dump? How can I check if it's globally correc... |
You can compare the backup with the current contents of the system using restore:
restore -C -f backup
where backup is the file containing your backup.
You can also list the contents of a backup:
restore -t -f backup
| How to check if a dump-generated backup is OK? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
On Linux, du offers the displaying of timestamps: atime OR ctime OR mtime
Question: Is there an easy way to get all three of them displayed at the same time (one file, all three timestamps)?
I guess to know how to solve this with diff (and possibly cut), but I'm rather looking for a single command to accomplish this t... |
The stat command allows to get the specific data, restrict the output to the file attributes you want, and with user defined formatting. For example to get the time in full resolution:
$ stat -c $'%n:\n%x\n%y\n%z' file1 file2
file1:
2015-04-27 08:25:37.199806691 +0200
2015-04-27 08:25:37.199938422 +0200
2015-04-27 08:... | du: combine both timestamps |
1,394,841,013,000 |
how can i monitor netcat transferring from android to my linux machine
i used this command on android device ( sender ) to make a full dump for my device :
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0 | busybox nc -l -p 8888
on receiver side i use this command :
nc 127.0.0.1 8888 > device_image.dd
i need to watch the progress with ... |
Inserting pv in your receive-side pipeline should allow you to observe progress:
nc 127.0.0.1 8888 | pv >device_image.dd
If you had pv available on the sending side, you could also use it there:
dd if=/dev/block/mmcblk0 | pv | busybox nc -l -p 8888
But pv probably won't be available on your Android device unless you... | watch netcat transfer dump from android to pc |
1,394,841,013,000 |
The following code drops a DB user and a DB instance by the name of test, if both exists, then creates an authorized, all privileged DB user and a DB instance with the same name (also test).
mysql -u root -p <<-MYSQL
DROP user IF EXISTS 'test'@'localhost'; SELECT user FROM mysql.user;
DROP database IF EXISTS t... |
1. Exporting
Unfortunately, mysql shell can't dump database contents like mysqldump does, so it's impossible to execute SQL queries and dump database in one call to mysql or mysqldump. However you can:
a) Grant user test access to the ${domain} database:
mysql -u root -p <<-MYSQL
...
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ${... | Exporting and importing a mysqldump from within a mysql CLI heredocument |
1,394,841,013,000 |
When using the interactive mode of the restore utility to restore backups made with dump UTF-8-encoded filenames doesn't display correctly, see example below. The ??s should be ös ...
$ sudo restore -if dumpfile
Dump tape is compressed.
restore > ls
./somedir:
lagerl??fSelma_k??rkarlen.txt
restore >
How come? What a... |
The source code has this:
for (cp = fp->fname; *cp; cp++)
if (!vflag && (*cp < ' ' || *cp >= 0177))
*cp = '?';
So it looks like it will substitute '?' for non-printable-ASCII characters unless you give restore the -v option or, in interactive mode, type the verbose command.
| Why doesn't `restore` display my UTF-8 encoded filenames correctly in interactive mode? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
dump -h 0 -0Lauf /backup/ada0p2.dump / - causes total system freeze.
server# cat /etc/fstab
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/ada0p2 / ufs rw 1 1
/dev/ada0p3 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/ada1p1 /backup ufs rw 2... |
There's at least one known problem with mksnap_ffs in 9.0 on UFS filesystems; see this bug fix notice. Unless you want to run the bleeding edge stuff, I think you should dump without -L until 9.1.
| dump freezes system |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I am dumping my live partition.
All works ok in terminal. Until the 100%.
I dump from live mint partition to an USB key.
$ dump -0f /dev/sdc1 /dev/sda2
Once done, I look at my USB key.
Nothing on it, full free space according to disk tools.
Am I wrong somewhere ?
|
The command you give,
dump -0f /dev/sdc1 /dev/sda2
will back up the contents of /dev/sda2, overwriting all the first partition of your USB key (which won't mean much to standard disk tools then).
If you want to generate a backup file on your USB key instead, you need to mount the key and tell dump to dump to a file o... | Linux dump(8) outputs nothing |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I try to do something like this - link.
All examples in the web are not working at all.
modprobe ubi mtd=0
modprobe: module ubi not found in modules.dep
modprobe ubi
modprobe: module ubi not found in modules.dep
modprobe ubi mtd=/dev/mtd0
modprobe: module ubi not found in modules.dep
|
Firstly, you should ensure that your module is exists in module directories. For example:
find /lib/modules/$(uname -r) -name 'ubi.ko'
If your module doesn't exist you need to build it.
Secondly, your output module ubi not found in modules.dep tells to you that there is no info about module in modules.dep (man 5 modu... | How to use ubifs image with modprobe? To extract ubifs image |
1,394,841,013,000 |
When using dump, level 0, to save the whole concerned partition :
$ dump -0f /path/to/target/drive /
I'm said some folders are excluded (I guess, at least, tmp folder).
I have not found more detail about it.
What is the default excluded folder list please ?
|
Nothing is excluded. It's a level 0 dump, it dumps everything on that file system.
A level 1 dump would dump everything that was changed since the last level 0 dump.
A level 2 dump would change everything changed up to the last level 1 dump (if there was a level 1 dump, otherwise back to the level 0 dump).
Hence yo... | Linux dump, which folders/files are excluded from first backup? |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I dumped a file system, chose the name for the dump ("home_fs_dump"), the dump was declared successfull, and yet I couldn't locate this name anywhere in the system. (And at the end I tested if locate gives me any files at all, or if I am using it incorrectly.)
Is a dump locateable by other command than locate? If yes,... |
Making it an answer as suggested
find / -name "home_f_dump"
| Can't find the location of DUMPed file system |
1,394,841,013,000 |
I'm currently testing a backup/restore of RHEL 6.4 OS via the "dump" and "restore" on testing environment, and I do know that RHEL 6.4 seemed too outdated in nowadays. Butsome enterprises are still using such version of RHEL to load their services.
Here's the scenario: to backup the system and critical programs in cas... |
Well...
After tons of re-tries, I solved this root filesystem restore problem via using installation DVD's recue mode.
I discovered that the restoration of root filesystem from dump always conflicts with the running OS. Therefore, using rescue mode can handle it.
I'll make other try to see whether there's possibility ... | failed to restore root filesystem from dump backup |
1,394,841,013,000 |
On old 43bsd i want to dump /usr
This command works
dump 0uf /dev/rmt12 /dev/ra0a
dump is command 0u mean full and update /etc/dumpdates f mean use /dev/rmt12
and /dev/ra0a is the root partition.
The problem is when i want to dump the /usr wich is big,and tape is see as small tape,but is big enough to contain /usr.
T... |
Solution found
First rewind tape
mt rewind
then pass arguments as this
dump 0udsbf 54000 6000 126 /dev/rmt12 /dev/ra0g
for 2GB 4mm tape
#2g tape
54000 #density
6000 #size
126 #block factor
| dump with old 43BSD,question about tape size |
1,446,216,726,000 |
On Ubuntu 15.10, when I want to format using the NTFS file system an external 4TO disk connected by USB3 (on a StarTech USB/eSATA hard disk dock), I have a lot of I/O errors, and the format fails.
I tried GParted v 0.19, and GParted on the latest live CD gparted-live-0.23.0-1-i586.iso, with the same problem.
After th... |
I ran into this issue today on a 4.8.0 kernel.
According to this forum post it can be circumvented by
$ echo options usb-storage quirks=357d:7788:u | sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist_uas_357d.conf
$ sudo update-initramfs -u
and rebooting.
| Connection problem with USB3 external storage on Linux (UAS driver problem) |
1,446,216,726,000 |
When running
e2fsck -cck /dev/mapper/xxx
I am prompted with
has 487 multiply-claimed block(s), shared with 84 file(s):
... (inode #221446306, mod time Tue Feb 20 19:48:38 2018)
... (inode #221446305, mod time Tue Feb 20 19:48:32 2018)
... (inode #221446304, mod time Tue Feb 20 19:48:38 2018)
... (inode #2214... |
Multiply-claimed blocks are blocks which are used by multiple files, when they shouldn’t be. One consequence of that is that changes to one of those files, in one of the affected blocks, will also appear as changes to the files which share the blocks, which isn’t what you want. (Hard links are a different scenario, wh... | Should I answer yes to "Clone multiply-claimed blocks<y>?" when running e2fsck? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
Can we confirm the log message "recovering journal" from fsck should be interpreted as indicating the filesystem was not cleanly unmounted / shut down the last time? Or, are there other possible reasons to be aware of?
May 03 11:52:34 alan-laptop systemd-fsck[461]: /dev/mapper/alan_dell_2016-fedora: recovering journa... |
The “recovering journal” message is output by e2fsck_run_ext3_journal, which is only called if ext2fs_has_feature_journal_needs_recovery indicates that the journal needs recovery. This “feature” is a flag which is set by the kernel whenever a journalled Ext3/4 file system is mounted, and cleared when the file system i... | Does "recovering journal" prove an unclean shutdown/unmount? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I have a backup script that mounts and unmounts a USB drive.
I just noticed that its warning me:
EXT3-fs warning: maximal mount count reached, running e2fsck is recommended
My question:
How can I get it to run e2fsck automatically when the mount command is run?
This is how it looks in /etc/fsck
UUID=c870ccb3-e472-4a3... |
According to man fstab:
The sixth field (fs_passno). This field is used by the fsck(8) program to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done at reboot time. The root filesystem should be specified with a fs_passno of 1, and other filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2. Filesystems within a drive... | Run fsck automatically when calling mount from command line |
1,446,216,726,000 |
My root-partition is formatted as ext4-filesystem.
I notice that, whenever my machine crashes and I have to hard-reset it, when booting up again and the root filesystem is checked this step takes a bit (like one to two seconds) longer than when booting from a cleanly shut down system, but it is reported as "clean" (an... |
The fsck already takes place within the initrd/ initramfs (after an unclean shutdown it takes several seconds longer with a lot of disk activity at this stage, where the journal seems to be replayed), and thus, when the normal, more verbose, file system checks are beeing run from the main system, it is already clean.
| ext4 reported as clean by fsck after hard reset: Is that normal? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
“Multiply claimed blocks” is an error reported by fsck when blocks appear to belong to more than one file. This causes data corruption since both files change when one of the files are written.
But what can be the original causes of multiply claimed blocks? How are they created and how can I avoid them?
|
As stated very early by Theodore Tso himself, there can be two immediate reasons for “Multiply claimed blocks” to be reported by fsck :
One is that one or more blocks in the inode table get written to the
wrong place, overwriting another block(s) in the inode table.
This is most often triggered by some kernel bug. (... | What can cause “multiply claimed blocks” on an ext4 drive? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I have this 6 months old 5TB external hard drive. I started to experience a lot of I/O errors recently, so I backed up my data then used gparted to create a new partition table, a new main partition.
Then I ran the following code trying to see if it's a hardware problem :
sudo e2fsck -fcky /dev/sdc1
So far I have the ... |
That's a broken disk. SMART values of interest (last column):
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate ... Pre-fail Always FAILING_NOW 48799
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct ... Pre-fail Always - 30664
9 Power_On_Hours ... Old_age Always - 3812
194 Temperature_Celsius ... Old_age ... | Is it possible to run e2fsck in a way that'll give false results? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I have a problem like this question
How disk became suddenly write protected in spite configuration is read/write?
And I used these commands to resolve that
umount /dev/sdb1
e2fsck /dev/sdb1
mount /dev/sdb1
but
~# e2fsck /dev/sdb1
e2fsck 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)
ext2fs_open2: Bad magic number in super-block
e2fsck: Sup... |
I resolved this problem
$ dmesg|grep bsd
[ 3.467958] sda1:
Then:
$ sudo mount -t ufs -r -o ufstype=ufs2 /dev/sdb1 ~/freebsd
Of course, for another version of linux line ubuntu we need to know:
Possible common types are:
old old format of ufs
default value, supported as read-only
44bsd used in FreeBSD, NetBSD, O... | How to resolve e2fsck Superblock problem? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I was moving a file with mv but the operation got interrupted. Now I am left with a file I cannot delete on an external NTFS drive. I was moving it from an ext4.
rm file.to.delete
rm: cannot remove ‘file.to.delete’: No such file or directory
ls
total 234M
234M file.to.delete
I got inum from ...
ls -i
then
find .... |
It could be that the filesystem iteself is corrupted, and an fsck is needed. Unfortunately, fsck on Linux (which I assume you're using - correct me if I'm wrong) is probably just a link to the ntfs tool ntfsfix, which is not a greatly useful tool.
In that case, to check, I would recommend using your copy of windows (w... | I have a file I cannot delete after a file mv operation was interrupted |
1,446,216,726,000 |
Abstract: E2fsck found no error with the -n option but with -p (preen). It corrected the error but did not give any error message. The error is only reflected via exit code. How to interpret this?
I am using an USB hard drive with an Ext2 filesystem to store backups of several machines. Recently I had a huge data thro... |
You mentioned that this filesystem is used with very old machines. If the filesystem was originally created with a very old mke2fs tool that did not support the resize_inode filesystem feature to reserve some metadata space for on-line extension of the filesystem, it might be possible that your second run with e2fsck ... | What is it that e2fsck does not say? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I had some drive errors so I ran e2fsck -cckty to find bad blocks on a 2TB drive. It found some bad blocks at the beginning, but hasn't found any in a day and a half. e2fsck has been running for 40 hours and is 53% done. If I Ctrl-C it, will it update the bad blocks information in the filesystem to reflect the bad ... |
I see the below answer from here.
The filesystem check on boot is usually read-only until it finds a problem then it will prompt you before making any changes so it is probably safe to intereupt.
But is is quite possible (and not uncommon for servers that need to come back up after a power-out) for it to be set to aut... | Stopping e2fsck early |
1,446,216,726,000 |
when I try to resize the disk we get that
resize2fs /dev/sdb
resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/sdb' first.
so when I try to do e2fsck
I get the following
e2fsck -f /dev/sdb
e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Deleted inode 142682 has zero dtime. Fix<y>?
is ... |
It’s OK to let fsck fix this, it refers to a deleted inode — the data has already been deleted, nothing more will be deleted.
| rhel + efsck + Deleted inode xxxxx has zero dtime |
1,446,216,726,000 |
After doing a fsck on a filesystem, someone asked me if the fsck resolved any problems. I'm not sure how to interprete the following results. Do you see anything important to notice ?
root@server1> fsck -fyv /donnees
fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
e2fsck 1.35 (28-Feb-2004)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: C... |
The best way to determine whether this particular fsck operation corrected any errors would have been to check its exit code: e2fsck sets bit 1 of its exit code if it corrected errors, and bit 2 if it corrected errors requiring a reboot (i.e. on a mounted file system).
You can also determine that e2fsck didn’t make an... | How can I see if this fsck operation corrected any filesystem errors? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I know of various ways in which to check when the last fsck occurred on a file system. e.g.
$ sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda1 | grep 'Mount count' -A3
dumpe2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Mount count: 74
Maximum mount count: -1
Last checked: Thu Dec 11 21:37:56 2014
Check interval: 0 (<non... |
When the partition is in clean state, there is no actual fsck run, which is why the date isn't updated.
If you want to force it, the -f option does just that: sudo fsck -f /dev/sda1.
| How can I tell when my file system was last fsck-ed at all? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
Topic
If a filesystem was successfully repaired by e2fsck, it is guaranteed that it is in a consistent (clean) state. However, it is not easy to assess the reliability of the files themselves after the repair.
This question aims on criteria to judge the integrity of the data stored in ext2 and ext4 filesystems that we... |
As long as the system was not doing a major disk intensive job when things went wrong.
And if the drive settings were not purposly set to cache data before write.
You can be reasonably sure that if all the checks pass, that the data is trustworthy. However depending on the age of the drive and use case, I would clon... | Can we trust the files in a filesystem that was repaired by e2fsck? |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I shrinked an ext4 filesystem with resize2fs:
resize2fs -p /dev/sdn1 3500G
(FS is used for 2.3 TB)
Then I resized the partition with parted and left a 0.3% margin (~10 GB) when setting the new end:
(parted) resizepart 1 3681027097kb
Eventually, this turned out to be too tight:
# e2fsck -f /dev/sdn1
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-... |
I resized the partition to a too small value have corrupted the fs?
It's unlikely in your case, especially since you were kind enough to stop that fs(c)killer, but you can't rule out the possibility entirely.
For example, corruption happens when it's a logical partition inside the extended partition of a msdos parti... | Resized partition to too small value after shrinking filesystem |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I am playing with LVM and while doing lvreduce. I now get this error:
[root@localhost raja]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg1/lvol2
e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
e2fsck: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks...
e2fsck: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/vg1/lvol2
The superblock could not be read or does no... |
If the filesystem is really on that device, running mkfs.ext4 with the same arguments plus a -n will give you a list of superblocks that you can use as alternates. Eg:
# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/vg1/lvol2
...
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208... | e2fsck giving some error |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I have a 1TB WD Blue SSD. It has two partitions,
Disk /dev/sdd: 931.53 GiB, 1000204886016 bytes, 1953525168 sectors
Disk model: 2115
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 33553920 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk i... |
I have found a solution from LinuxTechi. When my boot attempt failed I had to do a hard shutdown and this non-clean shutdown has caused a problem with LVM.
The solution:
# lvchange -an /dev/ubuntu-vg/root
# lvchange -an /dev/ubuntu-vg/swap_1
# vgchange -an ubuntu-vg
# vgchange -ay ubuntu-vg
# lvchange -ay /dev/ubunt... | diagnose I/O error on WD Blue SSD |
1,446,216,726,000 |
Gentlemen,
I need some fatherly advice about e2fsck: I have a disk that has been getting cranky, and "e2fsck -ccv" was indeed showing bad blocks. However, I repartitioned the disk, and now the same command reports that the disk is in perfect health! What happened to my bad blocks? Of course the partitions are now a... |
Filesystem badblock lists are obsolete (ignoring flash filesystems, because you're talking about ext4). bad blocks are remapped by the drive. Look for errors - there should be a permanent log of these in SMART counters. If you see one or more errors / "bad blocks" / "bad sectors" you should consider the disk untrus... | e2fsck: bad blocks disapearing! |
1,446,216,726,000 |
On my server, I had an SSD as the boot drive with 11 6TB HDDs in a RAID6 setup as additional storage. However, after running into some issues with the motherboard, I switched the motherboard to one with only 4 SATA ports, so I reduced the size of the RAID6 setup from 11 to 4 drives. With <6TB of actual data being stor... |
Your ext4 filesystem is (much) larger than your block device (54TB filesystem on a 12TB block device). e2fsck and resize2fs can be quite uncooperative in this situation. Filesystems hate it when huge chunks are missing.
For a quick data recovery, you can try your luck with debugfs in catastrophic mode:
# debugfs -c /d... | RAID6 unable to mount EXT4-fs: bad geometry: block count exceeds size of device |
1,446,216,726,000 |
we need to fix filesystem corruption on sdb on redhat 6 version
sdb is xfs file system
df -h | egrep "Filesystem|/data"
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sdb 8.2T 7.0T 1.0T 86% /data
becaus the data on sdb is huge
we want to know what is the best option 1 or 2 ?
or other idea to do t... |
Quoting this SuperUser post:
fsck is just the original name. When they came out with new file systems they would need a specific tool for each one, efsck for ext, e2fsck for ext2, dosfsck, fsckvfat. So they made fsck the front end that just calls whichever is the appropriate tool.
fsck.xfs
is probably what you are ... | what is the best approach to fix file-system corruption on huge data |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I had filesystem errors on /home, an ext4 partition. I was able to reboot into recovery mode and run e2fsck, which found and fixed a long list of errors. (Later I found that periodic checking was disabled.) After that, I was able to reboot to the desktop, and everything appears to be fine.
Now I'm wondering: How do I ... |
Unless you have a fresh backup to compare with, there's nothing you can do.
In rare cases e2fsck truncates files to zero - you might look for them.
| e2fsck aftercare |
1,446,216,726,000 |
just noticed I was using SDD for SSD. Corrected
I need help interpreting this situation. /dev/sda is a data disk backed up and with reproducible data so this is not system critical but I'd like to avoid the effort of restoring/reconstructing the data some of which will be quite time consuming
Is recovery / repair poss... |
I don't know what you've been doing with this disk, but that's crazy numbers! Looking at that output that SSD has been on:
1470 hours (61 days)
performed 4312400063 (2.0GiB) block erases
163210068006 (76TiB) media writes.
That's a constant 16MiB a second of writes over 61 days.
I imagine you've got internal NAND fai... | ssd won't mount: bad superblock but no bad blocks: write errors |
1,446,216,726,000 |
I extended an lvm from the terminal in system rescue live CD using the commands:
# pvcreate /dev/sda7
# vgextend fedora /dev/sda7
# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/fedora/root
The above worked but when I try to check the LV file system or resize it I get the following errors:
# e2fsck -f /dev/fedora/root
e2fsck: No su... |
It is not enough that a LV exists on the PV, it must also be active for being used i.e. the device mapper device (/dev/mapper/fedora-root) must be created:
lvchange -ay fedora/root
or
vgchange -ay fedora
| LVM not able to be resized or checked with resize2fs and e2fsck |
1,553,089,977,000 |
This event actually took place a few years ago, but I still have the unchanged USB flash drive in my possession. I may be out of luck, but I thought I would ask all you smart people here for your suggestions.
Short Story:
A few years back, my wife wanted to store all of her photos from her iPhone onto a USB flash driv... |
Are there any secure UNIX tools to recover data, that was removed with rm, from a USB flash drive?
Yes and, by the way, recovery of photos is one of the most common scenarios.
The conditions you described are actually optimal because:
you directly deleted the files
the file system is not damaged
you did not use the... | How can I safely recover deleted data from a USB flash drive? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I want to mount my usb drive (kindle vfat32). When I do
mount -t auto /dev/sdf1 /mnt/usb
I get
mount: unknown filesystem type 'vfat'
I checked if the drive is recognized with sudo fdisk -l and the recognized filesystem is W95 FAT32
my kernel is 3.2.0-4-686-pae.
I checked the recognized filesystem with cat /proc/f... |
mount use libblkid to guess the filesystem from the device you're trying to mount, and you can see that it work from the error message it give:
mount: unknown filesystem type 'vfat'
but the weird thing here is that if the required filesystem is in a module that isn't yet loaded, mount try to auto-load the module usi... | vfat not recognized in debian |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I just tried to move a directory containing music files with thunar 4.10
It complained that a file name was invalid.
It turned out that one file name (song title) contained a question mark.
I suspected that this was a problem, removed the question mark and could indeed copy the file.
Adding the "?" back in was not pos... |
These characters ? and : are not valid on a FAT32 filesystem, so if that is where you need to copy your files you will need to rename them.
From the command line you can use command-line tools such as rename (sometimes known as prename) to replace these characters with _ or even to remove them:
rename 's/[?<>\\:*|\"]/... | How to deal with characters like ":" or "?" that make invalid filenames? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I often need to move files between two Linux computers via USB. I use gparted to format the USB's. When I formatted the USB to use FAT32, the USB was unable to copy symlinks, so I had to recreate the symlinks on the other computer after copying the files. When I formatted the USB to use EXT3, I created a lost+found di... |
What I do is to store tarballs on the USB drive (formatted as VFAT). I'm wary of reformatting USB drives, they are build/optimized for VFAT so to level wear, and I'm afraid it will die much sooner with other filesystems. Besides, formatting another way will make it useless for ThatOtherSystem...
| What filesystem should be used when transferring files between Linux systems? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
Out of curiosity, is this possible nowadays? I remember some old Slackware versions did support FAT root partition but I am not sure if this is possible with modern kernels and if there are any distros offering such an option. I am interested in pure DOS FAT (without long names support), VFAT 16/32 and exFAT.
PS: Don'... |
OK, I tried it.
First two problems from the beginning: NO support for hard and symbolic links. It means that I had to copy each file, duplicating it and wasting space.
Second problem: no special file support at all. This means things like /dev/console are unavailable at boot time to init before even /dev is remounted ... | Can I install GNU/Linux on a FAT drive? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
When formatting my EFI partition I get this error:
Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT!"
My disk use 4096 sector size.
#mkfs.fat -v -F 32 -S 4096 /dev/sde1
mkfs.fat 4.1 (2017-01-24)
WARNING: Not enough clusters for a 32 bit FAT!
/dev/sde1 has 255 heads and 63 sectors per track,
hidden sectors 0x4000;
logical secto... |
A FAT32 filesystem has a minimum size: it should contain at least 65525 clusters*. The cluster size is a multiple of the sector size. In your case the sector size is 4096 and mkfs.vfat has used a default multiple of 8 for the number of sectors per cluster. Use -s 1 to specify one sector per cluster:
mkfs.fat -v -F 32 ... | Cannot format my EFI partition (FAT32) |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I am a graduate student and a relative Linux novice. My institution has an in-house Linux cluster on which I run many scientific simulations. I have a Windows desktop computer from which I access the Linux cluster via SSH.
I have a large amount (~1 TB) of simulation results data on the Linux cluster's file server.... |
My question is, if I purchase a standard Windows external hard drive with a USB connection, will I be able to copy the files from the Linux cluster's files server to the external drive?
Yes, there is no technical problem to this, however:
The hardware us not a "standard windows hard drive with USB connection". Pleas... | Copying Linux NFS files to a standard consumer external hard drive |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I am currently using OpenBSD 5.5-release.
Whenever I copy files or directories from my USB device to the local HDD, the names of the copied files have all become uppercase.
What causes it?
How do I fix it?
|
You can fix it (each time it happens) with this command:
find local_directory_name -depth -exec sh -c 'dir="$(dirname "$0")"; FILE="$(basename "$0")"; lowfile="$(echo "$FILE" | tr "A-Z" "a-z")"; if [ "$lowfile" != "$FILE" ]; then mv "$0" "$dir/$lowfile"; fi' {} ";"
Type this all as one line (replacing local_director... | Names of copied files from USB device to HDD have all become uppercase. How to fix it? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I'm following a tutorial on how to install firmware on OpenBSD. The tutorial has me creating a new msdos file system on the usb with: newfs_msdos -F 32 /dev/rsd2c then to take usb to a system with an internet connection, then move the firmware tarball into the USB. I have never moved data to a msdos fs via the command... |
The message
failed to preserve ownership for '/mnt2/iwn-firmwae.tgz': Operation not permitted
is more of a warning than an error. The files copied successfully, but permissions and ownership of the files were not copied.
Most likely this is a DOS filesystem which does not support unix ownership and permissions. Fo... | Error: "failed to preserve ownership" when trying to move files to a FAT32 partition on OpenBSD |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I have a failed harddrive with around 400 GB of data, of which approximately 50 GB need to be recovered. All the data is located in a specific directory (/Fotos2018/).
The hard drive is a WD My Passport Essential WDBAAA5000ABK (500 GB, USB 2.0). It contained a FAT32 partition containing my data, as well as another par... |
My working solution was to copy the contents of ddrescue's output file to a different physical hard drive (of equal or, preferably, larger size):
# ddrescue -f defekt_wd.img /dev/sdb to_harddrive.log
GNU ddrescue 1.19
Press Ctrl-C to interrupt
rescued: 468428 MB, errsize: 0 B, current rate: 4653 kB/s
i... | Get contents of ddrescue image file |
1,553,089,977,000 |
Isn't fat32 a deprecated filesystem format?
Why does grub for efi booting is still required to be installed on a fat32 partition?
|
EFI-based systems boot using an EFI system partition, whose format is defined in the EFI specifications. This format is based on FAT, but is maintained by the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface Forum. What happens to FAT now has no effect on the EFI system partition format itself.
So whether FAT32 is deprecated or... | Why grub for efi is still installed on fat32? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I need to reformat an SD card back to factory status.
SD card filesystem used for media has become corrupted. Accessing a certain directory causes the filesystem to be remounted readonly, and it cannot be deleted. fsck.vfat says that it does not have a repair method for the specific type of corruption.
|
REMINDER: commands like this are designed to overwrite filesystem data. You must take extreme care to avoid targeting the wrong disk.
EDIT:
Before formatting the card, you may also want to perform a discard operation.
blkdiscard /dev/mmcblk0
This might improve performance - the same as TRIM on a SATA SSD. Resetti... | Reformat SD card |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I have an SD card with 3 partitions: FAT32, EXT4 and swap. I shrank and moved them recently, but due to a bug in GParted (segfault while resizing FAT32) it is left like this:
Size: 5.87 GiB
Used: 623 MiB
Unused: 4.37 GiB
Unallocated: 915 MiB
GParted suggests me to repair the partition with Partition -> Check, but ther... |
Use fatresize. Be sure to tell it the right partition size, beware of rounding and of different units (SI vs 1024-based). Run grep sdb1 /proc/partitions to get the size of the partition in units of 1024 bytes, and run fatresize -s NNNki /dev/sdb1 (change sdb1 to the actual name of the partition of course).
| FAT32 - Unallocated space within partition |
1,553,089,977,000 |
On a Raspberry Pi with the raspbian distro i need to make an extra partition that can be read from both windows and linux.
So i use FDISK on /dev/mmcblk0 (the sd card) to create a new partition which is a FAT32 partition like so
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/mmcblk0p1 16 ... |
As we discussed the issue was that fdisk does not create a filesystem, it only creates partitions.
To create a FAT32 filesystem on raspbian you need to install dosfstools and then use mkfs.vfat as follows:
mkfs.vfat -F 32 <device>
In this specific case
mkfs.vfat -F 32 /dev/mmcblk0p3
After this the device is mountabl... | Paritioning a SD Card with both Linux and Fat32 partitions |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I am trying hard to format a 1GB USB stick so that I can use it to install a new linux OS. Because the Disk utility has failed me when creating the file system. I tried to do it manually using fdisk by going through the following steps to create the master boot record and a 1GB partition:
# fdisk /dev/sdc
Command (m ... |
OK, so in Computer Science, I'm not overly fond of saying "you can't get there from here", but in this case, you're trying to fit a square peg into a round hole.
The Sector size is usually set by the DEVICE. The 2048B sector size reported is normal for a CD/DVD drive, whereas 512B (or 520B -- which is why I said USUAL... | How to format a 1GB USB stick to FAT32 with 512 bytes sector? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I'm trying to repair a SD card with FAT, but fsck doesn't write changes — even the magic -w option doesn't help
$ sudo fsck.fat -aw /dev/sda1
fsck.fat 3.0.26 (2014-03-07)
0x41: Dirty bit is set. Fs was not properly unmounted and some data may be corrupt.
Automatically removing dirty bit.
Free cluster summary wrong (... |
The fact the card behaves erratically and in a unpredictable way , the same errors surface again and again is not a good sign, and is actually a sure symptom of damaged media. It got nothing to do with FAT problems.
I would discard the card, as it cannot be trusted. Unfortunately, the SD cards only last so much, and c... | fsck doesn't write changes |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I want to increase the size of my Linux partition (/dev/sda5) using the 52.41GB of unallocated space on my SSD but from what I understand the /dev/sda3 partition is in the way of using the unallocated 52GB.
What is the sda3 partition likely to be? Can it be safely deleted or is there a way around this?
Here is an imag... |
The EFI System Partition (ESP) is a partition on a data storage device (usually an HDD or SSD) that is used by computers adhering to the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI). The EFI System Partition is an interface that's used by the computer to boot Windows. It's like a step that is taken before it runs the ... | What is this FAT32 partition on GParted? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I created a new partition in Windows 10 formatted as Fat32, so that I could work with files located in one place despite being logged into my MX Linux installation or Windows 10.
While logged into Windows 10, I can move files in and out of the partition no problem.
While logged into MX Linux, the drive wasn't mounted,... |
Best not to use FAT32 for larger partitions. Use NTFS.
FAT32 has a file size limit of 4GB and you cannot then copy large files to it. It also does not have a journal so chkdsk can take longer or not be able to repair it.
You cannot change permissions nor ownership on Windows formatted partitions. How you mount it is t... | Sharing a Partition Between Windows and Linux Throws Permission Errors |
1,553,089,977,000 |
Will my FAT32 and NTFS USB and hard disks work in Linux ?
I mean can windows compatible file systems USB and hard disks work in Linux?
[EDIT]
By work I mean - like I have a NTFS hard disk so can I access it's file and cut, copy , paste, rename amd create new files in hard disk in Linux ?
|
Yes, NTFS and FAT32 are supported as read-write in Linux Mint XFCE.
But it is suggested to transfer from NTFS to exFAT because
exFAT has more supported devices than NTFS like XBox,etc.
If you want to connect to Mac then NTFS opens as read-only in mac but exFAT opens as read-write mode.
FILE SYSTEM SUPPORTED BY LI... | Regarding file system Support in Linux Mint xfce |
1,553,089,977,000 |
I'm trying to look into the innards of FAT32, and towards that I'm trying to create a FAT32 image, mount it and do a few file operations on the command line. Per the question here, I know there's no way around using sudo to mount the image. I'm still wondering though why I end up needing sudo in order to do file opera... |
The MS-DOS filesystem variants do not support file permissions or owners (stored on disk). So instead, the kernel defaults them to the mounting user — in this case, root.
You can override this by passing the uid= and gid= options. E.g., sudo mount -o loop,uid=1000,gid=1000 -t msdos "$DISK" "$MOUNTPOINT". (I added quo... | Mounting without needing sudo *afterwards* |
1,553,089,977,000 |
Moving data from one drive to another is slow.
Copying data on a drive to it's self is slow.
Moving data from one drive to it's self is fast.
If I'm moving data on the SAME drive but a different partition, shouldn't it be fast? I assumed the move would be a fat table change and not an actual move (copy/delete) of the ... |
If I'm moving data on the SAME drive but a different partition, shouldn't it be fast? I assumed the move would be a fat table change...
No, because a FAT is part of a file system, and each partition contains one filesystem. So if you move data to a different filesystem, the operating system cannot simply rearrange ... | Move Data from Partition to Partition on Same Drive |
1,553,089,977,000 |
For some reason, my U-Boot does not seem to be able to load files from my FAT32 partition:
=> mmc part
Partition Map for MMC device 1 -- Partition Type: DOS
Part Start Sector Num Sectors UUID Type
1 2048 62519296 a1d1165e-01 0b
=> fatls mmc 1:1
52560 file1.bi... |
It's telling you the reason:
** Reading file would overwrite reserved memory **
Based on the first line of the error message, reading the file into memory using the start address you specified would cause some reserved memory area to be overwritten.
You should either use a different start address (and perhaps rebuild... | Why am I not able to load files from a partition with U-Boot? |
1,553,089,977,000 |
How do you get syslinux to install to fat32, and have it write the backup boot sector. It only writes to the main boot sector, and then fsck.fat complains. You can get fsck.fat to fix it, but this requires running it in interactive mode, and hence is not possible from a script.
/tmp # fallocate -l 50m test_image
/tmp ... |
According to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system :
For FAT32 file systems, the reserved sectors include a File System Information Sector at logical sector 1 and a Backup Boot Sector at logical sector 6
Which means that you can fix the issue by invoking these two commands (replace sdXX with your... | How to get syslinux to install to fat32 backup boot sector |
1,553,089,977,000 |
Given the current Debian installer hd-media boot image files, how do I find out how much free space is remaining within the contained FAT32-formatted partition?
Here's what I have so far:
$ curl -fsSLO https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/hd-media/boot.img.gz
$ gzip -fdk boot... |
Use mdir (from mtools):
$ mdir -i boot.img ::
...
g2ldr mbr 8192 2020-05-04 19:14
WIN32-~1 INI 178 2020-05-04 19:14 win32-loader.ini
43 files 76 373 022 bytes
921 333 760 bytes free
As you can see, none of the numbers you have match the remaining free space.
| How do I discover the remaining space on disk image FAT32 partition? |
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