Roman190928/Wikitext · Datasets at Hugging Face

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275705	139034	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275705	Thunnus albacares
275708	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275708	Mezzanine	Mezzanine is the third studio album by English trip hop group Massive Attack. It was released on 20 April 1998. It was produced by Massive Attack and Neil Davidge. The album was released by Virgin Records. The album was provided on their website for legal download many months before the CD release. It was one of the first major uses of the MP3 format by a commercial group. It does not use the jazzy sounds and the rapping of Tricky, similar to what Massive Attack did in "Blue Lines" and "Protection." "Mezzanine" has a dark sound, heavy bass guitars and distorted guitars. This is similar to industrial music and post-punk. "Mezzanine" had the number one spot on many music charts. It did this on music charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand. It is Massive Attack's best selling album. The album had four singles: "Risingson", "Teardrop", "Angel" and "Inertia Creeps". These singles went on music charts in the United Kingdom.
275716	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275716	Telephone (song)	"Telephone" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third EP "The Fame Monster", featuring American R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. The main inspiration of the song was Gaga's fear of not being able to enjoy herself because of her career, hence the lyrics show the singer as wanting the dance floor, rather than answering her lover's phone calls. Gaga explained that the telephone addressed in the lyrics of the song, is in reality a person telling her to continue working harder. Musically, the song is made of an expanded bridge, verse-rap and an epilogue, where the voice of an operator says that the phone line is not reachable. Knowles appears in the middle of the song, singing the verses in a rapid-fire way, accompanied by double beats. "Telephone" was appreciated by contemporary critics who many times noted it as a stand-out track from "The Fame Monster". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Development. Lady Gaga originally wrote the song "Telephone" for Britney Spears. Spears later recorded a demo version of the song but the demo version later leaked. Lady Gaga later wrote the song as a collaboration with Beyoncé Knowles for "The Fame Monster". Gaga said, "I wrote it for her [Spears] a long time ago and she just didn't use it for her album. It's fine because I love the song and I get to perform it now." Additionally, the guest vocalist was originally going to be Spears, but ultimately Gaga made Knowles the featured vocalist instead. The main inspiration behind the song was Gaga's fear of suffocation as she felt that she seldom found time to just let loose and have fun. Fear of suffocation—something that I have or fear is never being able to enjoy myself, ... 'Cause I love my work so much, I find it really hard to go out and have a good time. ... I don't go to nightclubs, ... You don't see pictures of me falling out of a club drunk. I don't go—and that's because I usually go and then, you know, a whiskey and a half into it, I got to get back to work. In May 2011, Gaga said her "emotional connection" with the song was very hard. When she was asked if it was because the song was originally written for Britney Spears, she answered: "Well that’s not exactly what happened, but I don’t want to delve into that. I could delve into it if you turn that (motions to recorder) off... But ultimately the mix and the process of getting the production finished was very stressful for me. So when I say it’s my worst song it has nothing to do with the song, just my emotional connection to it." Music video. The video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on March 15, 2010. It features Gaga in a women's prison and Beyoncé bailing her out. In the beginning of the video, Gaga is shown walking around the prison and arrives to the yard, where "Paper Gangsta", a song from her debut album "The Fame", is playing, as one of the women exercises. Gaga's younger sister Natali makes a cameo appearance just before Gaga picks up the phone to talk to Beyoncé. The two singers are then shown fleeing the prison in the Pussy Wagon and arrive to a restaurant, where they eventually poison all of the customers. The nine-and-a-half-minute-long video for "Telephone" is meant to be a continuation of that for "Paparazzi", where Gaga was shown being arrested.
275729	217159	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275729	California State University	The California State University (CSU) is a public university system established in 1857 in California. It is one of three public higher education systems in the state, the other two being the University of California system and the California Community College system. The California State University system headquarters are in Long Beach, California. The CSU system is composed of 23 campuses and has over 417,000 students supported by 47,000 faculties and staff. It is the largest senior system of higher education in the United States. CSU prepares about 60 percent of the teachers in the state, 40 percent of the engineering graduates, and more graduates in business, agriculture, communication studies, health, education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined. Altogether, about half the bachelor's degrees and a third of the master's degrees awarded annually in California are from the CSU. Since 1961, nearly 2.5 million alumni have received a bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree from the CSU system which offers more than 1,800 degree programs in 240 subject areas. Campuses. The California State University has 23 colleges. They are listed in order from oldest to newest.
275738	1479865	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275738	Chione	Chione/Khione (or Χιόνη)was the goddess of snow in Greek mythology. Daughter of the river god Nile and the Oceania Callirroi. Snow lived in the fields and was once abused by a farmer. For this reason, Chione/Khione was transformed by the god Mercury, at the behest of the god Zeus, into clouds of snow, which fall and destroy the Spartans.Daughter of Boreus and Oreithyia (the daughter of the king of Athens Erechtheos). Siblings of Chione/Khione were Zetis, Calais and Cleopatra. This Snow gave birth to a god child, Eumolpus from the god Poseidon, and to hide him (for fear that her father would not find out), she threw him into the sea. Nevertheless, Poseidon saved the child and raised him. Daughter of Arcturus who was kidnapped by Boreas, with whom she had three sons, who became priests of the god Apollo in the country of the Hyperboreans. In the "Transformations" of the Roman poet Ovid (XI 339) Chione/Khione was the beautiful daughter of Daedalion. With two gods, the god Apollo and the god Mercury, he slept the same night and they had children with her. With Apollo she gave birth to Philammon, who later became king and musician in Phocis, and with Hermes (according to one version) Autolycus, who had the ability to transform what he steals. Having made two gods fall in love with her in one day, Chione/Khione, unable to hide her pride, began to boast of her beauty and womanly qualities, daring to say that she was more beautiful than the goddess Artemis. Hearing this the goddess sent her arrows to take her life.
275740	693482	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275740	Suzy Spafford	Suzy Spafford (born 1945 in Toledo, Ohio) is an American cartoonist. She is best known for drawing animal characters. Her Suzy's Zoo picture book is her most successful work. The book's characters have been made into greeting cards, stickers, stationery and calendars. The products are sold in thousands of stores all over the world. She has also written several dozen books for children, including the "Tales from Duckport" series. Her pictures have been attracted by a lot of people in San Diego since 1967. She created her own greeting card company, Suzy's Zoo Studios, in 1968.
275744	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275744	Flavivirus	Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae. This genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis (swelling in the brain). "Flaviviruses" are named for the yellow fever virus - "flavus" means "yellow" in Latin. (Yellow fever was named because it often caused yellow-colored skin, called jaundice, in its victims.) "Flaviviruses" share a common size (40-65 nm) and symmetry (shape), and they look similar under an electron microscope. They are made of single-stranded RNA. Humans get these viruses after being bitten by an infected mosquito or tick. Usually, if a human who has a "Flavivirus" gets bitten by a healthy mosquito or tick, the human will not have enough of the virus in their blood to infect the insect. This means humans do not help continue the virus's life cycle (by infecting insects who go on to infect other people). However, this is not true for yellow fever or dengue fever. People can also get "Flaviviruses" in other ways, like: It is not likely that animals can spread "Flaviviruses" directly to humans. Scientists believe that an mosquito or tick has to bite an infected animal before it can spread the virus to a human by biting that human. This means that "Flaviviruses" are probably not contagious diseases. For example, early tests with yellow fever showed that the disease is not a contagious disease.
275749	440188	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275749	Cytomegalovirus	Cytomegalovirus (which means "Large Cell", when translated from Greek "cyto-", "cell", and "-megalo-", "large") is a Virus which people get. It's a Herpesvirus and is usually called HCMV (Human Cytomegalovirus) or Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). As with all herpesviruses, even without symptoms, the virus can still be in a person for long periods of time, even for life. Two out of five people in the world have HCMV. More people in developed countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have the condition. In these places, more than half of people have the condition. There is no treatment or cure, but scientists in the United States are developing vaccines, but none has proven to work fully yet.
275752	22027	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275752	Khione
275758	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275758	Fantasy football	Fantasy football is a game where people make up "teams" of real American football players and get points for things that these players do in real games. People playing fantasy football can trade players from one team to another. Fantasy football has become very popular as it can be played on the Internet.
275760	1677333	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275760	California State University, Long Beach	California State University, Long Beach (also known as Cal State Long Beach, Long Beach State, CSULB, LBSU, or The Beach) is the second largest campus of the California State University (CSU) system and the third largest university in the state of California by enrollment. The University is located at the southeastern coastal tip of Los Angeles County. CSULB has been recognized repeatedly as one of "America's Best Value Colleges" by the "Princeton Review". More than 30 factors are considered to rate the colleges in four categories: academics, tuition GPA (the sticker price minus average amount students receive in gift aid scholarships and grants), financial aid (how well colleges meet students' financial need) and student borrowing. Long Beach State has also been ranked as one of the top five public master's degree-granting institutions in the West by "U.S. News & World Report"'s "America's Best Colleges Guide". It is also home to the largest publicly funded art school west of the Mississippi. The university currently operates with one of the lowest student fees in the country at US $4,370 per year for full-time students having California residence. Since the 2020–21 school year, Long Beach State has called its sports teams The Beach; the baseball team is also known as the Dirtbags. Before July 2020, the main nickname had been 49ers. Most Beach teams play in the Big West Conference.
275763	9648323	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275763	Hinamatsuri	, also called Doll's Day or Girls' Day, is a special day in Japan. "Hinamatsuri" is celebrated each year on March 3. This is a day for thinking about the happiness and health of young girls in Japanese families. Summary. Since the 8th century, it was traditional to have special days for children twice a year—March 3 for girls and May 5 for boys. The focus of attention on "Hinamatsuri" is a display of dolls which are dressed in the fashion of the Heian period. The group of dolls represent the Imperial court ("hina ningyō"). The Japanese term for the display steps is . There may be five or seven steps. The Kantō region and Kansai region have different placement orders of the dolls from left to right, but the order of dolls per level are the same. First platform, the top. The top tier holds two dolls. They are . The male doll is traditionally on the right, but sometimes the doll is on the left. Second platform. The second tier holds three court ladies . Each holds something to do with sake. Third platform. The third tier holds five male musicians . Fourth step. Two Imperial ministers ("daijin") may be displayed on the fourth tier
275764	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275764	Shichi-Go-San	Shichi-Go-San (seven-five-three in Japan) is one of the most important events for children in Japan. Every year on November 15, parents whose children are three, five, and seven years old celebrate the growth of their child. History. In the past, death rates of infants were higher than present, so children were treated importantly. People have started to celebrate seven, five and three years old of children since the Edo period. Especially, celebrations of seven year old children are most important. Custom. On this special day, children wear kimono and they are given chitose-ame. Chitose-ame is a long red and white candy. This candy means children can grow well. People go to the shrine to play the growth of their children. Also, people sometimes take some pictures to the memory of children.
275766	1367325	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275766	Singaporean English	Singaporean English or Standard Singaporean English is a dialect of English used in Singapore. It is used as a lingua franca between Chinese Singaporeans, Malay Singaporeans, Indian Singaporeans and White Singaporeans. It (along with Mandarin, Malay and Tamil) is an official language of Singapore. It is the main language of government, business and school in Singapore.
275772	10174494	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275772	Damon Albarn	Damon Albarn (, born 23 March 1968) is an English singer-songwriter and record producer who has been involved in many high-profile projects and groups throughout his career. He is perhaps best known internationally for his current role as the frontman and songwriter of Gorillaz, whose first two studio albums had sold more than 20 million copies together by 2007. Albarn also serves as the frontman and primary songwriter of Britpop band Blur, and has been in the projects "The Good, the Bad & the Queen", "" and "Mali Music". Albarn was born in Whitechapel. He grew up in Leytonstone and Aldham, Essex. He was voted the 4th greatest frontman of all time in a national 2010 "Q" magazine poll.
275774	155614	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275774	Portishead(band)
275777	693482	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275777	Maxinquaye	Maxinquaye is the first album of the English actor and musician Tricky, released in 1995. Expanding on the music template of fellow Bristolians Massive Attack, and featuring then-girlfriend Martina Topley-Bird on vocals, "Maxinquaye" is a dark, strange album featuring a combination of hip-hop, soul, dub, rock and electronica. "Maxinquaye", named after Tricky's late mother Maxine Quaye, who died when he was four, received great critical attention upon release. The album was re-issued in the UK on 2 November 2009 by Universal Island with a second disc of remixes as a "Deluxe Edition".
275779	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275779	Ernst Chain	Sir Ernst Boris Chain, FRS (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey, for the discovery of penicillin and how it could cure bacterial infections. Later he worked on the chemical structure of penicillin and other natural antibiotics. Chain was Jewish and moved to England in 1933. In 1939, he took British citizenship, and was knighted in 1969. He won many awards: he was made a Commander of the Légion d'Honneur and awarded the Grande Ufficiale al Merito della Repubblica Italiana. Life and career. Chain was born in Berlin, the son of Margarete (née Eisner) and Michael Chain, who was a chemist and industrialist dealing in chemical products. His family was Jewish. His father emigrated from Russia to study chemistry abroad and his mother was from Berlin. In 1930, he received his degree in chemistry from Friedrich Wilhelm University. He left Nazi Germany and worked at universities and laboratories in England.
275782	155614	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275782	Portishead (Band)
275783	1255624	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275783	Benoît de Maillet	Benoît de Maillet (Saint-Mihiel, 12 April 1656 – Marseille, 30 January 1738) was a well-travelled French diplomat and naturalist. He was French consul general at Cairo, and overseer in the Levant. He formulated an evolutionary hypothesis to explain the Earth and its contents. Maillet's geological observations convinced him that the Earth could not have been created in an instant because the features of the crust indicate a slow development by natural processes. He also believed that creatures on the land were ultimately derived from creatures living in the seas. He believed in the natural origin of man. Age of the Earth. Maillet made the first reasonable estimate of the Earth's age based on evidence. He thought the Earth must have developed by slow, natural forces. He studied geology in the field. He could see signs of erosion on land and sedimentation in the sea. He hid his ideas under the guise of a talk with an Indian philosopher, to avoid conflict with the Catholic Church. His work stayed in manuscript until after his death, when it was published after its editor had made changes which damaged it. Now there is a better modern edition based on the manuscripts. Maillet estimated that the Earth was older than two billion years. He also recognized the true nature of fossils, and had early ideas about evolution.
275788	373511	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275788	Heinrich Biber	Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber von Bibern (baptised 12 August 1644 – died 3 May 1704) was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. He was the most famous German violinist of his time. He is particularly famous for his violin sonatas. Life. Biber was born in a small Bohemian town near Reichenberg. Nothing is known about his music education. We know that in the mid-1660s he went to work for Prince-Bishop Karl, Count Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn of Olomouc. The prince loved music and kept many musicians at his court. During the winter of 1670-1671 Biber became a member of the Kapelle at Salzburg court. He was married there in 1672. There he played the violin and trained the choirboys and composed a lot of music. He probably had a lot of contact with other well-known musicians such as Georg Muffat. Although he was the greatest virtuoso of his time he hardly seems to have travelled about to play. In 1690 Biber was raised to the nobility. During his last years he seems to have spent much of his time composing works for the theatre as well as sacred music.
275794	18539	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275794	Ilium	The ilium is one of the three bones which make up the pelvis in tetrapods. These include the bones that are usually called "hips", e.g. 'putting your hands on your hips'.
275795	1464674	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275795	Ulna	The ulna is one of the two bones which make up the lower forearm in tetrapods. The other one is the radius. Above them is the elbow and humerus; below are the hands or front feet. When the forearm is in its normal anatomical position, the ulna—a long bone that extends from the elbow to the wrist—is located on the medial side. It narrows as it gets closer to the wrist and widens near the elbow. The olecranon process, a bony bone at the elbow, resembles a hook and inserts into the humerus's olecranon fossa. This creates a hinge joint with the humeral trochlea and avoids hyperextension. Additionally, there is a radial notch for the ulnar tuberosity, which muscles attach to, and the head of the radius.
275796	1464674	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275796	Radius (bone)	The radius is one of the two bones which make up the lower forearm in tetrapods. The other one is the ulna. Above them is the elbow and humerus; below are the hands or front feet.
275797	1464674	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275797	Humerus	The humerus is the upper forearm bone in tetrapods. It connects to the shoulder blade (scapula) at the upper end, and the elbow below.
275798	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275798	Scapula	The scapula is the shoulder blade or pectoral girdle bone in tetrapods. It connects to the humerus and the clavicle.
275800	1464674	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275800	Femur	The femur is the thighbone in tetrapods. It connects to the pelvis (hip) at the upper end and to the knee at the lower end. It connects with the hip by a ball-and-socket joint which allows freedom of movement. The lower end of the femur forms a hinge with the lower leg known as the knee. This has two 'articulations': with the patella (knee-cap), and with the tibia (the main lower leg bone).The femur is also the longest and strongest bone in your body.
275802	40117	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275802	Elisabeth of Austria
275803	9871902	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275803	Rites of Spring	Rites of Spring was an American emo band from Washington, D.C. They formed in 1984. The band was known for its fast, energetic live performances. Rites of Spring was a part of the D.C. hardcore punk scene. They increased the violence and passion of hardcore while at the same time experimenting with its rules. Compared to other bands of the time, their lyrics were very personal. This led to them being considered the first emo band. The band only performed 15 concerts during their time. The band disbanded in 1986. Singer and guitarist Guy Picciotto and drummer Brendan Canty went on to play in the post-hardcore band Fugazi in the late-1980s through the 2000s.
275804	1464674	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275804	Fibula	The fibula is one of the two bones which make up the lower leg (humans), or back leg in tetrapods. The other one is the tibia. Above them is the knee and femur; below are the feet. Muscles are attached to the top of the fibula which help move the knee. It is also used to support the knee and the tibia. Structure. The bone has the following components:
275809	1187297	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275809	Category theory	Category theory is a type of mathematics. Category theorists show how different ideas in mathematics are alike. For example, some ideas from topology and abstract algebra are similar. Ideas in category theory are written down in formulas or diagrams. Category theory can be used to make computer programs more secure or easy to write. A category is a mathematical object. It can be drawn with dots and arrows. Each arrow goes from one dot to one other dot. There can be many dots, sometimes so many that you cannot count them. An arrow is the abstract idea of a function and the dots are the domain and codomain of the function. Composition is a way to make a new arrow out of two arrows. If two arrows form an elbow shape, then they have a composition arrow from the start of the first to the end of the second. Composition obeys some axioms, or equations. Many ideas in abstract algebra are examples of categories or can be used to make categories. Often, this makes the ideas seem more similar.
275811	487619	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275811	Radio drama	Radio drama (or audio drama, audio play, radio play, radio theatre, or audio theatre) is a dramatized, purely acoustic performance without visual elements. It is usually heard on radio or published as audiobook. Radio drama is often described as "cinema for the ears". It had its greatest popularity in the Golden Age of Radio, before television was introduced.
275813	90801	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275813	Radio theatre
275814	90801	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275814	Radio play
275817	90801	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275817	Audio theatre
275820	90801	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275820	Audio play
275823	68157	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275823	Albert Hall
275824	155614	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275824	Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences
275825	155614	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275825	RAH
275829	150824	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275829	Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain
275830	1254198	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275830	Quango	Quango is an acronym used especially in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Quangos are arms-length bodies funded by government departments but not run by them. They are given power and paid for by government departments. They were invented because most government departments do two rather different jobs. One is to make policy about how the country should be run, as indicated by laws passed in Parliament. This is called administration. Their other task is to run or operate the policies in action. Examples would be: to run the prison system, to collect taxes, to guard the country's borders, and so on. Quangos were invented to do the second type of task. They are supposed to do some practical job better than a government department could. Of course, if they fail, the fault is theirs, rather than the government department's. The acronym is spelt out in various ways: • "quasi non-governmental organization", • "quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization", • "quasi-autonomous national government organization" • In the United Kingdom the official term is "non-departmental public body" or NDPB. History. The term 'quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization' was created in 1967 by the Carnegie Foundation's Alan Pifer. He wrote an essay on independence and accountability in public-funded bodies. This term was shortened to 'quango' by Anthony Barker, a Briton, during a follow-up conference. Many quangos were created from the 1980s onwards. The UK government's definition in 1997 of a non-departmental public body or quango was: UK. According to the Tax Payers Alliance, in the year 2006-07, tax payers funded 1,162 Quangos at a cost of nearly £64bn; equivalent to £2,550 per household. About a thousand still remain. In 2010 the British Government said it had earmarked (chosen) nearly 200 quangos for closure, and 120 more for merging. This was part of its Whitehall efficiency programme. In August 2012, the government said that 106 quangos had lost their public status since then. Some were axed, some were sold off, and some had their work done elsewhere. Scotland. Since Scotland was given devolved self-government in 1999, their government has also set up a number of quangos. Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland in 2006 had more than 800 quangos, 482 at national and 350 at local level, with a total of 5,784 individual appointees and a combined annual budget of €13 billion. Issues. Depending upon one's point of view, the separation of a quango from government might allow its functions to be more commercially exercised. Or else it might allow an elected minister to evade responsibility for spending public money. Quangos have been criticised as undemocratic, expensive and letting government grow too big. "The Times" has accused quangos of bureaucratic waste and excess. In 2005 Dan Lewis, author of "The Essential Guide to Quangos", claimed that many quangos were useless and duplicated the work of others. In August 2008 a report by the right-leaning pressure group the Taxpayers' Alliance, claimed that £15 billion was being wasted by the regional development agencies, quangos set up to encourage economic development in their regions.
275833	68157	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275833	MoMA
275834	68157	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275834	Heracleitus
275835	209999	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275835	Antimony compounds
275836	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275836	Covalent
275837	209999	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275837	Dopant
275840	507729	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275840	Casimir I the Restorer	Casimir I the Restorer (; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 - d. Poznań, 28 November 1058), was a Duke of Poland. He was a part of the Piast dynasty and father of Boleslaw II. He is known as "the Restorer" because he reunited the Polish Kingdom.
275841	62235	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275841	Danny Lewicki	Daniel Vladimir Lewicki (March 12, 1931 – September 25, 2018) was a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 1950s and early 1960s. Before becoming a professional, Lewicki was at the centre of a dispute over professional hockey signing practices. He was the only player to have won the Allan Cup, Memorial Cup and Stanley Cup while still a junior. Early life. Lewicki was one of eight children in the family of Michael and Anastasia Lewicki. Both Michael and Anastasia were born in Ukraine and emigrated to Canada where they met in Fort William, Ontario. The family lived in the area known as the "Coal Docks", an immigrant enclave near the docks in Fort William. The family shared a home with six boarders. In an abusive marriage, Anastasia left Michael when Daniel was two years of age. Two of the children were sent to Geraldton, Ontario where the eldest sister lived with her husband. Daniel, his mother, a sister and brother and a boarder lived in a two-room shack by . Lewicki started skating at age five, first with bob skates, then a used pair three sizes too large. Until age twelve, Lewicki learned to play hockey by playing shinny on outdoor rinks. Organized hockey started at age twelve and Lewicki joined the Bantam Elks. This he did in secret, as his mother was strongly opposed to his playing hockey. Lewicki would hide his hockey equipment outside under the backyard stairs. The next season, Lewicki played for the North Star Bantams, moving up to the Midgets at age fourteen a year early, to play against boys sixteen and older. Hockey career. Junior hockey. At age fifteen, Lewicki got his first taste of junior hockey with the Columbus Juniors in their playoffs against the Winnipeg Monarchs. Lewicki would return to the Columbus Juniors the following season. That season, Lewicki would lead the Fort William league in scoring, and started attracting the attention of pro scouts from Toronto, New York and Detroit. Lewicki did not sign with any team, but was placed on the negotiating list of the Providence Reds by his coach, Leo Barbini, who did some scouting for the Reds. Barbini somehow managed to put Lewicki on the Providence list before Toronto and New York, who had filed at 12:01 am on Lewicki's sixteenth birthday. The following season, Columbus would be defeated by the Port Arthur West End Bruins. After the series, Lewicki was invited to join the Bruins as they continued in junior series playoffs. The Bruins would defeat Winnipeg to advance to the Western title series against Lethbridge, Alberta. Port Arthur and Lethbridge would be tied 3–3 in a best-of-seven series. Lethbridge refused to play the seventh game in Port Arthur and the game was moved to Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens. The large ice surface favoured the Bruins and they defeated Lethbridge 11–1 to advance to the 1948 Memorial Cup final against the Barrie Flyers. The Bruins would defeat the Flyers in four straight to win the Cup and Lewicki would score the series-winning goal. The club had an impressive array of talent. Eight players from the Bruins would go on to play in the NHL. Lewicki was the top scorer in the playoffs, recording 40 points. After the Cup, the Toronto Maple Leafs bought the rights to Lewicki for a record price of $35,000 and a player. In the fall, Lewicki left Port Arthur to join the Stratford Kroehlers, coached by Barbini, his old coach. Before the regular season started, Lewicki was ordered to join the Toronto Marlboros by the Maple Leafs. Unbeknownst to Lewicki, Barbini had signed Lewicki to a "C" Form, which bound Lewicki at age eighteen, and not simply signed Lewicki to a negotiating list. Lewicki refused to play for Toronto, but was told that he had to play for the Marlboros, or nowhere else. Lewicki received a telegram from NHL President Clarence Campbell advising him that he was suspended. The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association took up Lewicki's case, but the CAHA stopped backing Lewicki short of any legal action. Stratford did as well, in the face of pressure from the Maple Leafs. Lewicki decided to join the Marlboros. The "C" Form, which Lewicki signed, became an issue in the Canadian Parliament, and was abolished a few years later. The Marlboros were defeated in the playoffs that year, and, like in Port Arthur, Lewicki was invited to join another team on a playoff run. This time it was the Marlboros' senior team, in competition for the Allan Cup. The Marlboros defeated the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen, then the Cornwall Calumets, the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds and the Sherbrooke Saints to advance to the 1950 Allan Cup final against the Calgary Stampeders. Lewicki would be named the MVP for the series as the Marlboros defeated Calgary 4–1. Lewicki scored 42 points in the 17 playoff games. Professional career. In 1950, Lewicki began his National Hockey League career with the Maple Leafs. As a nineteen-year-old, he made the team straight out of training camp. Lewicki was able to get a one-way contract at $10,000 for three years and a signing bonus of $3,000. Lewicki made his NHL debut on October 14, 1950 against the Chicago Black Hawks. In his seventh game, Lewicki scored his first NHL goal on a bounce off the glass that bounced off the back of the Boston Bruins Jack Gelineau. Lewicki became a contender for the Calder Trophy, although he had strong competition from future Hall of Famer Terry Sawchuk. Lewicki had 16 goals and 31 assists before a groin injury ended his season early. Lewicki would end up third in voting for the Calder. The team finished second to qualify for the playoffs. Lewicki was pressed into service on the orders of Conn Smythe, although he was not healed. To play he had to have his groin muscle frozen and taped before each game. Instead of being able to contribute as a scorer, Lewicki would play a checking role in the playoffs. The Leafs would defeat the Montreal Canadiens in the final 4–1 to win the 1951 Stanley Cup Final. Lewicki was an Allan Cup, Memorial Cup and Stanley Cup winner at the age of 20. Lewicki spent the next three seasons mainly with the Leafs' Pittsburgh Hornets. Smythe was mad at Lewicki for getting married during the 1951 off-season. In Smythe's memoirs, he later regretted demoting a player to the minors for getting married, without naming the player. Lewicki may be the player, but he is not the only player to be demoted for that reason. Lewicki and another Leaf player John McCormack were both demoted following marriages. Despite a 36-goal, 45 assist and 81 point season in Pittsburgh, in 1954, the Maple Leafs sold Lewicki to the New York Rangers. Back in the NHL, Lewicki would respond with the best NHL season of his career, scoring 29 goals and 24 assists in 70 games and was named to the NHL Second All-Star team. After the 1957–58 season, the Rangers left him unprotected for the annual intra-league draft, and Lewicki became Montreal Canadiens property. Although he had a good training camp, and earned a bonus for his play, he was shipped to the Chicago Black Hawks. Lewicki and other players who had been picked from the Rangers' system were picked by the Canadiens simply to hurt the Rangers and the Canadiens had no plans to play them. Lewicki played one season for the Black Hawks, who managed to make the playoffs, only to lose in the first round. In the final game of the playoff, referee Red Storey missed a tripping call leading to a series winning goal by the Canadiens. The fans at Chicago Stadium were threatening Storey, and Lewicki gave Storey his stick to defend himself. Lewicki was unhappy after sitting on the bench, and he handed Storey his stick, saying "you need it more than me." Storey used the stick to defend himself to exit the arena. It would be both Storey and Lewicki's last game in the NHL. Storey resigned after criticism from league president Campbell, and the Black Hawks would sent Lewicki to the minors. Lewicki contends that the incident led to him being 'black-balled' from the league as he received no call-ups or any chances to make another NHL club for the rest of his career. Lewicki played for a few seasons in the American Hockey League before retiring in 1963. Death. Lewicki died on September 25, 2018 in the Toronto city area at the age of 87.
275844	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275844	Jundallah	Jundallah (or Jondallah, translates to Soldiers of God), or People's resistance movement of Iran (PRMI) is a militant organisation based in Balochistan. The organisation claims to be fighting for the rights of Sunni muslims in Iran. Most muslims in Iran are Shi'a, Sunni make up the largest minority group that is not Shi'a. Iran says the group is a terrorist organisation. Iran has blamed the organisation for many acts of smuggling illegal drugs, and of kidnapping. The organisation is believed to have 1.000 fighting soldiers. Many observers believe the group is linked to al-Qaeda. For a long time, Iran has believed that the U.S. government supported Jundallah. Several other sources such as the ABC News, Daily Telegraph, and journalist Seymour Hersh have also reported that Jundullah has received support from the United States against the government of Iran, although the US denies any involvement. In August 2007, the Israeli Mossad chief, Meir Dagan, pushed for using ethnic groups (among others, people from Balochistan) in Iran to make the Iranian government weaker and try to change the people in charge of the government. The group is called a terrorist group by the United States and Iran.
275845	2133	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275845	Jondallah
275847	2133	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275847	People's resistance movement of Iran
275848	788150	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275848	ABC News	ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. Their shows they have include Good Morning America, World News Now, 20/20, and ABC World News Tonight.
275849	22027	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275849	The X Factor (album)	The X Factor is a studio album by Iron Maiden. It is their tenth studio album, and went on sale on 2 October 1995. The album was not liked much by people who reviewed it; one person said that it had "[a] lack of energy" and that it was "merely adequate."
275852	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275852	Lead-acid battery
275853	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275853	Flame proofing
275855	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275855	Flame retardant	A flame retardant is a chemical substance that makes things harder to burn. Some flame retardants are minerals or inorganic compounds like antimony trioxide or asbestos. Other flame retardants are special types of plastics and polymers. There are several ways flame retardants work. Some absorb heat when they are heated, stopping the thing from igniting. Others stop the heat from the fire from going into the thing. Flame retardants are used in textiles and bedding to prevent them from burning easily.
275856	640235	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275856	Solingen arson attack	The Solingen arson attack of 1993 happened on the night of 29 May 1993 when five Turkish people were killed in Solingen, Germany. They died when four young German men, belonging to the political far right, firebombed a house. The dead were women and children, aged four, nine, 12, 18 and 27, all of whom who were related. The attack caused many protests in Germany, and many German government officials were at a memorial service for the dead. Some of the protests were violent, but others were peaceful. Because of the attack, Germany decided to make sure fewer people from other countries came into Germany for political asylum. It also banned some right-wing political groups. On 14 October 1995, a German court sentenced the four people who did the attack. Three men, aged 18, 19 and 22, were given prison terms of ten years. The fourth man, 25, was given a term of 15 years. The sentences were opposed by the men and their families, though most of the Turkish people in Germany approved of them. Some Turkish people wanted the men to get life terms in jail.
275858	1109570	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275858	Hyperthermophile	Hyperthermophiles are extremophile organisms that live best in very hot environments– from 60°C (140°F) up to 100°C (212°F). The best temperature for hyperthermophiles to grow at is around 80°C (176°F). Hyperthermophiles are mostly in the Archaea domain, but some bacteria are able to tolerate temperatures of around 100°C (212°F) as well. Many hyperthermophiles are also able to tolerate other environmental extremes, like high acidity or radiation levels.
275861	314522	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275861	Solder	Solder is a metal or alloy with a low melting point. There are two types of solder; soft solder and hard solder. Soft solder melts easily with soldering irons and is used for electronics and electrical work. Hard solder melts at a higher temperature with a torch. Using solder is called soldering. There are two main types of soft solder; lead solder and lead-free solder. Lead solders have about 60% (or 63%) tin and 40% (or 37%) lead in them. They are toxic because they have lead in them. They melt at around 185°C. Lead solder is cheap, so it used to be popular. In plumbing, a 50% tin and 50% lead mixture was used. People thought this was safe, but then they saw that the lead was coming into the water. Now lead solder is illegal for use on pipes that carry water. Lead solder was once used for food cans. After many years, the lead could come into the food. The cans poisoned people who ate the food. Lead solder is still used in electronics. In 2006 the European Union, China, and California banned lead in consumer products. Lead solder became illegal in electronic devices in some places. Lead-free solder was needed. Many lead-free solders have tin, silver, and copper in them. They melt around 217°C. Sometimes indium is added to the solder to make it better, but indium is very expensive. Lead-free solder can also be made of a tin-bismuth alloy, sometimes with 0.4% or 1% silver added. This alloy has a lower melting point than other lead-free solders and behaves much more like leaded solder. Many times when a metal is being soldered, it oxidizes, making a layer of metal oxide that does not hold solder. Flux is added to react with the metal oxide and turn it back into the metal again. That helps the solder connect to the metal. Rosin is a common flux. Some electronics makers use fluxes that can be washed away with water. Some solders have a flux core, where the flux is inside the solder. Another type of solder is used to connect glass to other things. They melt around 450-550°C.
275862	532461	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275862	Frame-dragging	Frame dragging is a theory which says that space is elastic, and particles in it will exchange energy with it. In the scientific world, "elastic" means that when you apply a certain amount of force to an object (which will cause it to bend) and then remove the force, the object will return to its original shape and energy state. Also, space is referred to as spacetime, which is simply a way to bring together the concepts of space and time. This basically means that whenever space is affected, time is affected. Frame dragging would provide answers for very old questions about gravity, strong force, and wave-particle duality (how things like electrons can act like waves and particles at the same time). Frame Dragging Effects. In frame dragging, particles spin, and this spin has energy in it. (It is important to note that this is not quantum physics spin, but an actual angular momentum spin; the particles are actually spinning). Since spacetime is elastic in this theory, it can absorb the energy (spin) of the particle. This would slow down the spin of the particle. Gravity. Mass has a strange effect that we experience in the normal world: it attracts other mass. Scientists have been spending centuries trying to explain this occurrence. Recently, they have discovered that mass has an effect that it can curve spacetime. This means that when mass is present, the shortest path through spacetime between two points is slightly bent towards wherever the mass is. Since the energy absorbed by spacetime has to go somewhere, many scientists predict that spacetime would be "bunched up," or folded. This can also be phrased as a curvature (bend) in spacetime. This would indicate that the particle generated gravity. The reason that this theory is called "frame dragging" is probably due to the effect of particles effectively "dragging" or "grabbing" spacetime as they spin. Not only would space be curved, but time would as well. However, the way to imagine this "gravity" is not so much as the force that we normally consider when we think of gravity, since normal gravity is created as well (due to its mass). Basically, frame dragging is an effect that occurs when one object is moving near another, which makes both objects change their motion because of the other's motion. Frame dragging does not occur if an object is neither spinning nor moving. In effect, one object "deflects" the motion of the other, and the other way around. Wave-Particle Duality. Scientists such as Einstein and Schrödinger spent much of their lives trying to find an answer for how something like an electron can act like a wave and also act like a particle. Frame dragging states that since spacetime is elastic, it can also give the spin-energy back to the particle. Once the particle has all of its spin-energy given back to it, it acts most like a wave. At that point, it will once again begin using its energy bunching up spacetime. Once the particle is no longer spinning, it acts most like a particle. Then, spacetime begins giving the particle its energy back, and the cycle continues forever. This is how a particle can actually act like a particle and a wave at nearly the same time. No energy is lost during the cycle due to the conservation of energy. Strong force. Frame dragging also has an effect that if one particle is next to another, they can both save energy if one is absorbing energy as the other one is emitting it. (This can also increase the mass of both particles, using Einstein's famous equation that energy is equal to a certain amount of mass). This would encourage particles to group together, which would explain what strong force (a force that holds protons and neutrons in an atom nucleus together) is. Evidence for Frame Dragging. There are effects that come out of the math of the frame dragging theory. Scientists have tested one where if a small spinning object is orbiting a larger spinning object, the smaller object will slowly adjust its spin axis (the imaginary line which an object rotates around) to align with the larger object's spin axis. This is known as the Lense-Thirring effect. They have tested this theory by having a gyroscope (an object that normally keeps its spin axis the same) orbit the Earth, and seeing its spin axis align with the Earth's.
275863	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275863	Antimony pill	An Antimony pill is a pill made from metallic antimony. It was a popular remedy in the nineteenth century, used to purge and revitalise the bowels. In use, it is swallowed and allowed to pass through the body, after which it is recovered for reuse. They called it the everlasting pill.
275864	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275864	Protozoan
275868	5441771	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275868	Aluminium antimonide	Aluminium antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AlSb. It has aluminium and antimonide ions in it. Compounds like it, such as gallium antimonide and indium antimonide can be made into LEDs and detectors for Infrared radiation but aluminium antimonide doesn't work as well. It is used instead to make the other compounds work better by stopping defects forming as they are made. Properties. Aluminium antimonide is a black solid. It is a semiconductor. It reacts with acids to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It has properties between a salt and an alloy.
275869	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275869	Antimonide	Antimonide is an ion. Its chemical formula is Sb3-. It has antimony in its -3 oxidation state. Antimonides are reducing agents. They react with acids to make stibine. Many antimonides have properties between a salt and an alloy. Many transition metal and post-transition metal antimonides are semiconductors.
275870	8726007	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275870	Stibine	Stibine, also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbH3. It is a covalent compound. It could be seen as having antimonide and hydrogen ions, or antimony and hydride ions. Properties. Stibine is a colorless gas. It is very toxic. It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide. Its structure is similar to ammonia. It can be found in the Marsh test, a test for arsenic. Antimony is reacted with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid in a tube, making stibine. The stibine is heated and a shiny area of antimony is made in the heated part of the tube. Stibine easily decomposes into antimony and hydrogen at room temperature. This decomposition can be explosive. It burns very easily in air to make antimony trioxide and water. It can be deprotonated by very strong bases. Stibine melts at -88°C and boils at -17°C. History. Stibine was first found in 1837. It was difficult to find its properties because people did not know of a good way to make it. In 1901, Alfred Stock found a good way to make this gas and found most of its properties. Preparation. Stibine is made by reacting any antimonide with a strong acid. Some antimonides react with water to make this gas. Stibine can also be made by reacting any antimony(III) compound such as antimony trioxide with any hydride. Uses. Stibine is used to dope semiconductors with antimony. Some claim that it is used as a fumigant, but phosphine works much better. Safety. Stibine is a highly toxic gas, similar in toxicity to phosphine. It is too unstable to be of any hazard outside the laboratory, though.
275872	18539	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275872	Zinc antimonide	Zinc antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnSb. It has zinc and antimonide ions in it. Properties. Zinc antimonide is a gray solid. Its properties are between an alloy and a salt. It reacts with water to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It is a semiconductor. Preparation and Uses. It is made by heating zinc and antimony. It is used in transistors and infrared detectors.
275874	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275874	Antimony tribromide	Antimony tribromide, also known as antimony(III) bromide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbBr3. It has antimony and bromide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tribromide is a colorless solid. It absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrobromic acid. It has covalent bonds in it and melts easily. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony and bromine or by reacting concentrated hydrobromic acid with antimony trioxide. Uses. It is used as a fire retardant. It is also used in dyeing, and analytical chemistry.
275875	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275875	Fire retardant
275876	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275876	Antimony bromide
275877	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275877	Antimony(III) bromide
275878	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275878	Butter of antimony
275879	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275879	Antimony(III) chloride
275880	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275880	Antimony trichloride	Antimony trichloride, also known as antimony(III) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl3. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid. It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. Preparation. It is made by reacting chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide. Uses. It is used to detect Vitamin A. It is used to get horns off calves. It is also used as a catalyst.
275882	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275882	Antimony trifluoride	Antimony trifluoride, also known as antimony(III) fluoride or Swart's reagent, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF3. It has antimony and fluoride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trifluoride is a light gray solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very corrosive. It has a strong odor. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrofluoric acid or by reacting antimony with a little fluorine. Uses. It is used to add fluoride ions to other chemical compounds in organic chemistry. A Belgian chemist reacted a chloride with antimony trifluoride and chlorine to make a fluoride from the chloride. It was used to make Freon. It is also used in pottery and dyeing. Safety. Antimony trifluoride is highly corrosive. It is acidic and can burn the digestive system. It also makes ulcers.
275883	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275883	Antimony(III) fluoride
275884	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275884	Swart's reagent
275885	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275885	Antimony(III) iodide
275886	1291270	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275886	Antimony triiodide	Antimony triiodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbI3. It has antimony and iodide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties, preparation, and uses. Antimony triiodide is a red solid. It is made by reacting antimony with iodine or by reacting concentrated hydriodic acid with antimony trioxide. It is used as a dopant.
275887	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275887	Antimony(III) oxide
275888	209999	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275888	Antimony trioxide	Antimony trioxide, also known as antimony(III) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. It has antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trioxide is a white solid. It is the most common antimony compound. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with oxidizing agents to make antimony pentoxide and with reducing agents to make antimony or stibine. It reacts with concentrated acids to make antimony(III) salts and dissolves in strong bases. Occurrence. Antimony trioxide is found in two minerals, valentinite and senarmontite. Valentinite is a white mineral that is sometimes pale yellow. Preparation. Antimony trioxide is made when antimony is made. Stibnite is heated with air to make antimony trioxide. It is separated from arsenic by the boiling of the arsenic trioxide before the antimony trioxide boils. Antimony trioxide can also be made by a two step process. Stibnite is burned in air with calcium chloride to make calcium sulfate and antimony trichloride, which is reacted with water to make antimony trioxide. Uses. Antimony trioxide is mainly used as a flame retardant. It is also used to make glass, enamel, and ceramic opaque (not clear). Some pigments have antimony in them. It is also used as a catalyst for making plastics. It is also used as a catalyst for vulcanizing rubber, making it more "rubbery" and less likely to crack. Safety. Antimony trioxide is somewhat carcinogenic. It is somewhat toxic when eaten or breathed in.
275890	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275890	Valentinite	Valentinite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It is a mineral form of antimony trioxide. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3. It is colorless to white. Its specific gravity is 5.76. It is made when stibnite is oxidized.
275891	1531955	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275891	Antimony trisulfide	Antimony trisulfide, also known as antimony(III) sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It has antimony and sulfide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trisulfide is a gray solid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and an antimony(III) compound. It dissolves in potassium hydroxide. It burns in air to make antimony(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide. It is a reducing agent. Occurrence. Stibnite is the mineral form of antimony trisulfide. Preparation. Antimony trisulfide is made in the laboratory by reacting any antimony(III) compound with hydrogen sulfide. Uses. Antimony trisulfide is used in cosmetics; in this area it is called kohl. It is used in pyrotechnics to make a glitter effect. It is also used in the heads of safety matches. It used to be used in flash powder before electronic flashes were used.
275892	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275892	Stibnite	Stibnite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It is the main ore of antimony. The American Museum of Natural History has a huge crystal of stibnite. Stibnite is soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2. Its specific gravity is 4.63. Uses. Historical. Stibnite was used to make kohl, a type of eyeliner. Use of stibnite in cosmetics dates to Ancient Egypt. Ore of antimony. Stibnite is the primary ore used to make elemental antimony. In most smelting processes, stibnite is heated with oxygen from the air to produce antimony trioxide and sulfur dioxide: The antimony dioxide is then treated with a strong reducing agent like carbon monoxide to yield the purified antimony metal:
275893	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275893	Antimony(III) sulfide
275894	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275894	Antimony trisulphide
275895	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275895	Antimony(III) sulphide
275896	209999	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275896	Antimony tetroxide	Antimony tetroxide, also known as antimony tetraoxide or antimony(III,V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O4. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is both in the +3 and the +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tetroxide is a white solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It turns yellow when heated and turns white again when cooled. Occurrence and preparation. Antimony tetroxide is found as the mineral cervantite. It is made by heating antimony trioxide with air, burning antimony in air, or heated antimony pentoxide strongly.
275897	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275897	Antimony tetraoxide
275898	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275898	Antimony(III,V) oxide
275899	1542442	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275899	Antimony pentachloride	Antimony pentachloride, also known as antimony(V) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl5. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentachloride is a colorless or yellow liquid. It releases toxic and odorous (bad odor) fumes in air. It melts at 2.8°C and boils at 140°C. It reacts with water to make antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in chloroform. It absorbs water to form a solid hydrate. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Preparation. It is made by reacting liquid antimony trichloride with chlorine. Uses. It is used in a test for caesium. It is also used in the making of chemicals and dyes.
275900	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275900	Antimony(V) chloride
275901	293183	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275901	Antimony chloride	Antimony chloride can refer to either of these chemical compounds:
275903	10213186	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275903	Antimony pentafluoride	Antimony pentafluoride, also known as antimony(V) fluoride, is a chemical compound made of antimony and fluorine. Its chemical formula is . It has five antimony-fluorine bonds. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentafluoride is a colorless, viscous fuming liquid (at 25 degrees Celsius at standard atmosphere, a pressure). It is an extremely powerful oxidizing and fluorinating agent and very reactive. Sodium, potassium and phosphorus (red or yellow) can burn on contact with it. It can oxidize oxygen in the present of fluorine, which makes one of the strongest oxidizers. It is not normal as oxygen normally oxidizes other things; it does not get oxidized commonly. It can make extremely strong acids (fluoroantimonic acid) when mixed with hydrogen fluoride. It was used in the first reaction that used fluorides to make fluorine. Antimony pentafluoride is a Lewis acid, because the antimony atom can accept a lone pair of electrons from another molecule. The high Lewis acidity of allows it to be mixed with strong Brønsted acids to make superacids. Examples of superacids include fluoroantimonic acid () and magic acid (). Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony pentoxide or antimony pentachloride with hydrofluoric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony trifluoride with fluorine. Uses. Antimony pentafluoride is mostly used to make superacids for research. It can also produce fluoroantimonates, a family of weakly coordinating anions, from a source of fluoride. It was also used in the first chemical reaction that made fluorine gas from fluorine compounds. This reaction is not widely used, as fluorine is normally made by electrolysis. Safety. Antimony pentafluoride is a component of the strongest acids in the world. It reacts with most chemical compounds. It is extremely corrosive and hazardous to health. It is one of the most poisonous known chemicals by volume. It is a notoriously powerful oxidizer and should be kept away from combustible materials. It violently forms Hydrogen Fluoride in contact with water and biological tissues. It's one of the most hazardous substances known, as mentioned in the EPA list of extremely hazardous substances.
275904	139004	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275904	Antimony(V) fluoride
275905	440188	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275905	Antimony pentoxide	Antimony pentoxide, also known as antimony pentaoxide and antimony(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O5. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. It is a yellow solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid to make antimony pentachloride and antimony pentafluoride. It breaks down to antimony tetroxide when heated to a high temperature. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with nitric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony pentafluoride or antimony pentachloride with water. Uses. Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.
275906	17988	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275906	Cotes des neiges montreal
275907	248920	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275907	Lucas Cruikshank	Lucas Alan Cruikshank (born August 29, 1993) is an American comedian and television actor. He was born in Columbus, Nebraska on August 29, 1993. He created his character Fred Figglehorn, and his "Fred" series for his channel, on the video-sharing website YouTube. These videos are about Fred Figglehorn, a fictional 6-year-old who has a weird home life and "anger management issues". Cruikshank is openly gay. In a video released August 20, 2013, he came out saying "I'm gay. I feel so weird saying it on camera. But my family and friends have known for like three years. I just haven't felt the need to announce it on the Internet."
275911	1239704	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275911	Flaviviridae	Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type virus of Flaviviridae; "flavus" means "yellow" in Latin. They include the following genera:
275914	1174418	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275914	Paramyxovirus	Paramyxoviruses (from Greek "para"-, beyond, -"myxo"-, mucus or slime, plus virus, from Latin poison, slime) are viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family of the Mononegavirales order; they are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses responsible for a number of human and animal diseases.
275915	2567321	https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275915	Paramyxoviridae

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Thunnus albacares

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Mezzanine

Mezzanine is the third studio album by English trip hop group Massive Attack. It was released on 20 April 1998. It was produced by Massive Attack and Neil Davidge. The album was released by Virgin Records. The album was provided on their website for legal download many months before the CD release. It was one of the first major uses of the MP3 format by a commercial group. It does not use the jazzy sounds and the rapping of Tricky, similar to what Massive Attack did in "Blue Lines" and "Protection." "Mezzanine" has a dark sound, heavy bass guitars and distorted guitars. This is similar to industrial music and post-punk. "Mezzanine" had the number one spot on many music charts. It did this on music charts in the United Kingdom, Australia, Ireland, and New Zealand. It is Massive Attack's best selling album. The album had four singles: "Risingson", "Teardrop", "Angel" and "Inertia Creeps". These singles went on music charts in the United Kingdom.

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Telephone (song)

"Telephone" is a song by American singer Lady Gaga from her third EP "The Fame Monster", featuring American R&B singer Beyoncé Knowles. The main inspiration of the song was Gaga's fear of not being able to enjoy herself because of her career, hence the lyrics show the singer as wanting the dance floor, rather than answering her lover's phone calls. Gaga explained that the telephone addressed in the lyrics of the song, is in reality a person telling her to continue working harder. Musically, the song is made of an expanded bridge, verse-rap and an epilogue, where the voice of an operator says that the phone line is not reachable. Knowles appears in the middle of the song, singing the verses in a rapid-fire way, accompanied by double beats. "Telephone" was appreciated by contemporary critics who many times noted it as a stand-out track from "The Fame Monster". The song was nominated for a Grammy Award in 2011 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals. Development. Lady Gaga originally wrote the song "Telephone" for Britney Spears. Spears later recorded a demo version of the song but the demo version later leaked. Lady Gaga later wrote the song as a collaboration with Beyoncé Knowles for "The Fame Monster". Gaga said, "I wrote it for her [Spears] a long time ago and she just didn't use it for her album. It's fine because I love the song and I get to perform it now." Additionally, the guest vocalist was originally going to be Spears, but ultimately Gaga made Knowles the featured vocalist instead. The main inspiration behind the song was Gaga's fear of suffocation as she felt that she seldom found time to just let loose and have fun. Fear of suffocation—something that I have or fear is never being able to enjoy myself, ... 'Cause I love my work so much, I find it really hard to go out and have a good time. ... I don't go to nightclubs, ... You don't see pictures of me falling out of a club drunk. I don't go—and that's because I usually go and then, you know, a whiskey and a half into it, I got to get back to work. In May 2011, Gaga said her "emotional connection" with the song was very hard. When she was asked if it was because the song was originally written for Britney Spears, she answered: "Well that’s not exactly what happened, but I don’t want to delve into that. I could delve into it if you turn that (motions to recorder) off... But ultimately the mix and the process of getting the production finished was very stressful for me. So when I say it’s my worst song it has nothing to do with the song, just my emotional connection to it." Music video. The video for the song was uploaded to YouTube on March 15, 2010. It features Gaga in a women's prison and Beyoncé bailing her out. In the beginning of the video, Gaga is shown walking around the prison and arrives to the yard, where "Paper Gangsta", a song from her debut album "The Fame", is playing, as one of the women exercises. Gaga's younger sister Natali makes a cameo appearance just before Gaga picks up the phone to talk to Beyoncé. The two singers are then shown fleeing the prison in the Pussy Wagon and arrive to a restaurant, where they eventually poison all of the customers. The nine-and-a-half-minute-long video for "Telephone" is meant to be a continuation of that for "Paparazzi", where Gaga was shown being arrested.

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California State University

The California State University (CSU) is a public university system established in 1857 in California. It is one of three public higher education systems in the state, the other two being the University of California system and the California Community College system. The California State University system headquarters are in Long Beach, California. The CSU system is composed of 23 campuses and has over 417,000 students supported by 47,000 faculties and staff. It is the largest senior system of higher education in the United States. CSU prepares about 60 percent of the teachers in the state, 40 percent of the engineering graduates, and more graduates in business, agriculture, communication studies, health, education and public administration than all other California universities and colleges combined. Altogether, about half the bachelor's degrees and a third of the master's degrees awarded annually in California are from the CSU. Since 1961, nearly 2.5 million alumni have received a bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree from the CSU system which offers more than 1,800 degree programs in 240 subject areas. Campuses. The California State University has 23 colleges. They are listed in order from oldest to newest.

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Chione

Chione/Khione (or Χιόνη)was the goddess of snow in Greek mythology. Daughter of the river god Nile and the Oceania Callirroi. Snow lived in the fields and was once abused by a farmer. For this reason, Chione/Khione was transformed by the god Mercury, at the behest of the god Zeus, into clouds of snow, which fall and destroy the Spartans.Daughter of Boreus and Oreithyia (the daughter of the king of Athens Erechtheos). Siblings of Chione/Khione were Zetis, Calais and Cleopatra. This Snow gave birth to a god child, Eumolpus from the god Poseidon, and to hide him (for fear that her father would not find out), she threw him into the sea. Nevertheless, Poseidon saved the child and raised him. Daughter of Arcturus who was kidnapped by Boreas, with whom she had three sons, who became priests of the god Apollo in the country of the Hyperboreans. In the "Transformations" of the Roman poet Ovid (XI 339) Chione/Khione was the beautiful daughter of Daedalion. With two gods, the god Apollo and the god Mercury, he slept the same night and they had children with her. With Apollo she gave birth to Philammon, who later became king and musician in Phocis, and with Hermes (according to one version) Autolycus, who had the ability to transform what he steals. Having made two gods fall in love with her in one day, Chione/Khione, unable to hide her pride, began to boast of her beauty and womanly qualities, daring to say that she was more beautiful than the goddess Artemis. Hearing this the goddess sent her arrows to take her life.

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Suzy Spafford

Suzy Spafford (born 1945 in Toledo, Ohio) is an American cartoonist. She is best known for drawing animal characters. Her Suzy's Zoo picture book is her most successful work. The book's characters have been made into greeting cards, stickers, stationery and calendars. The products are sold in thousands of stores all over the world. She has also written several dozen books for children, including the "Tales from Duckport" series. Her pictures have been attracted by a lot of people in San Diego since 1967. She created her own greeting card company, Suzy's Zoo Studios, in 1968.

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Flavivirus

Flavivirus is a genus of the family Flaviviridae. This genus includes the West Nile virus, dengue fever virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, and several other viruses which may cause encephalitis (swelling in the brain). "Flaviviruses" are named for the yellow fever virus - "flavus" means "yellow" in Latin. (Yellow fever was named because it often caused yellow-colored skin, called jaundice, in its victims.) "Flaviviruses" share a common size (40-65 nm) and symmetry (shape), and they look similar under an electron microscope. They are made of single-stranded RNA. Humans get these viruses after being bitten by an infected mosquito or tick. Usually, if a human who has a "Flavivirus" gets bitten by a healthy mosquito or tick, the human will not have enough of the virus in their blood to infect the insect. This means humans do not help continue the virus's life cycle (by infecting insects who go on to infect other people). However, this is not true for yellow fever or dengue fever. People can also get "Flaviviruses" in other ways, like: It is not likely that animals can spread "Flaviviruses" directly to humans. Scientists believe that an mosquito or tick has to bite an infected animal before it can spread the virus to a human by biting that human. This means that "Flaviviruses" are probably not contagious diseases. For example, early tests with yellow fever showed that the disease is not a contagious disease.

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Cytomegalovirus

Cytomegalovirus (which means "Large Cell", when translated from Greek "cyto-", "cell", and "-megalo-", "large") is a Virus which people get. It's a Herpesvirus and is usually called HCMV (Human Cytomegalovirus) or Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). As with all herpesviruses, even without symptoms, the virus can still be in a person for long periods of time, even for life. Two out of five people in the world have HCMV. More people in developed countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom, have the condition. In these places, more than half of people have the condition. There is no treatment or cure, but scientists in the United States are developing vaccines, but none has proven to work fully yet.

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Khione

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Fantasy football

Fantasy football is a game where people make up "teams" of real American football players and get points for things that these players do in real games. People playing fantasy football can trade players from one team to another. Fantasy football has become very popular as it can be played on the Internet.

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California State University, Long Beach

California State University, Long Beach (also known as Cal State Long Beach, Long Beach State, CSULB, LBSU, or The Beach) is the second largest campus of the California State University (CSU) system and the third largest university in the state of California by enrollment. The University is located at the southeastern coastal tip of Los Angeles County. CSULB has been recognized repeatedly as one of "America's Best Value Colleges" by the "Princeton Review". More than 30 factors are considered to rate the colleges in four categories: academics, tuition GPA (the sticker price minus average amount students receive in gift aid scholarships and grants), financial aid (how well colleges meet students' financial need) and student borrowing. Long Beach State has also been ranked as one of the top five public master's degree-granting institutions in the West by "U.S. News & World Report"'s "America's Best Colleges Guide". It is also home to the largest publicly funded art school west of the Mississippi. The university currently operates with one of the lowest student fees in the country at US $4,370 per year for full-time students having California residence. Since the 2020–21 school year, Long Beach State has called its sports teams The Beach; the baseball team is also known as the Dirtbags. Before July 2020, the main nickname had been 49ers. Most Beach teams play in the Big West Conference.

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Hinamatsuri

, also called Doll's Day or Girls' Day, is a special day in Japan. "Hinamatsuri" is celebrated each year on March 3. This is a day for thinking about the happiness and health of young girls in Japanese families. Summary. Since the 8th century, it was traditional to have special days for children twice a year—March 3 for girls and May 5 for boys. The focus of attention on "Hinamatsuri" is a display of dolls which are dressed in the fashion of the Heian period. The group of dolls represent the Imperial court ("hina ningyō"). The Japanese term for the display steps is . There may be five or seven steps. The Kantō region and Kansai region have different placement orders of the dolls from left to right, but the order of dolls per level are the same. First platform, the top. The top tier holds two dolls. They are . The male doll is traditionally on the right, but sometimes the doll is on the left. Second platform. The second tier holds three court ladies . Each holds something to do with sake. Third platform. The third tier holds five male musicians . Fourth step. Two Imperial ministers ("daijin") may be displayed on the fourth tier

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Shichi-Go-San

Shichi-Go-San (seven-five-three in Japan) is one of the most important events for children in Japan. Every year on November 15, parents whose children are three, five, and seven years old celebrate the growth of their child. History. In the past, death rates of infants were higher than present, so children were treated importantly. People have started to celebrate seven, five and three years old of children since the Edo period. Especially, celebrations of seven year old children are most important. Custom. On this special day, children wear kimono and they are given chitose-ame. Chitose-ame is a long red and white candy. This candy means children can grow well. People go to the shrine to play the growth of their children. Also, people sometimes take some pictures to the memory of children.

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Singaporean English

Singaporean English or Standard Singaporean English is a dialect of English used in Singapore. It is used as a lingua franca between Chinese Singaporeans, Malay Singaporeans, Indian Singaporeans and White Singaporeans. It (along with Mandarin, Malay and Tamil) is an official language of Singapore. It is the main language of government, business and school in Singapore.

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Damon Albarn

Damon Albarn (, born 23 March 1968) is an English singer-songwriter and record producer who has been involved in many high-profile projects and groups throughout his career. He is perhaps best known internationally for his current role as the frontman and songwriter of Gorillaz, whose first two studio albums had sold more than 20 million copies together by 2007. Albarn also serves as the frontman and primary songwriter of Britpop band Blur, and has been in the projects "The Good, the Bad & the Queen", "" and "Mali Music". Albarn was born in Whitechapel. He grew up in Leytonstone and Aldham, Essex. He was voted the 4th greatest frontman of all time in a national 2010 "Q" magazine poll.

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Portishead(band)

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275777

Maxinquaye

Maxinquaye is the first album of the English actor and musician Tricky, released in 1995. Expanding on the music template of fellow Bristolians Massive Attack, and featuring then-girlfriend Martina Topley-Bird on vocals, "Maxinquaye" is a dark, strange album featuring a combination of hip-hop, soul, dub, rock and electronica. "Maxinquaye", named after Tricky's late mother Maxine Quaye, who died when he was four, received great critical attention upon release. The album was re-issued in the UK on 2 November 2009 by Universal Island with a second disc of remixes as a "Deluxe Edition".

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Ernst Chain

Sir Ernst Boris Chain, FRS (19 June 1906 – 12 August 1979) was a German-born British biochemist. He shared the 1945 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, with Alexander Fleming and Howard Florey, for the discovery of penicillin and how it could cure bacterial infections. Later he worked on the chemical structure of penicillin and other natural antibiotics. Chain was Jewish and moved to England in 1933. In 1939, he took British citizenship, and was knighted in 1969. He won many awards: he was made a Commander of the Légion d'Honneur and awarded the Grande Ufficiale al Merito della Repubblica Italiana. Life and career. Chain was born in Berlin, the son of Margarete (née Eisner) and Michael Chain, who was a chemist and industrialist dealing in chemical products. His family was Jewish. His father emigrated from Russia to study chemistry abroad and his mother was from Berlin. In 1930, he received his degree in chemistry from Friedrich Wilhelm University. He left Nazi Germany and worked at universities and laboratories in England.

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Portishead (Band)

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Benoît de Maillet

Benoît de Maillet (Saint-Mihiel, 12 April 1656 – Marseille, 30 January 1738) was a well-travelled French diplomat and naturalist. He was French consul general at Cairo, and overseer in the Levant. He formulated an evolutionary hypothesis to explain the Earth and its contents. Maillet's geological observations convinced him that the Earth could not have been created in an instant because the features of the crust indicate a slow development by natural processes. He also believed that creatures on the land were ultimately derived from creatures living in the seas. He believed in the natural origin of man. Age of the Earth. Maillet made the first reasonable estimate of the Earth's age based on evidence. He thought the Earth must have developed by slow, natural forces. He studied geology in the field. He could see signs of erosion on land and sedimentation in the sea. He hid his ideas under the guise of a talk with an Indian philosopher, to avoid conflict with the Catholic Church. His work stayed in manuscript until after his death, when it was published after its editor had made changes which damaged it. Now there is a better modern edition based on the manuscripts. Maillet estimated that the Earth was older than two billion years. He also recognized the true nature of fossils, and had early ideas about evolution.

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Heinrich Biber

Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber von Bibern (baptised 12 August 1644 – died 3 May 1704) was a Bohemian-Austrian composer and violinist. He was the most famous German violinist of his time. He is particularly famous for his violin sonatas. Life. Biber was born in a small Bohemian town near Reichenberg. Nothing is known about his music education. We know that in the mid-1660s he went to work for Prince-Bishop Karl, Count Liechtenstein-Kastelkorn of Olomouc. The prince loved music and kept many musicians at his court. During the winter of 1670-1671 Biber became a member of the Kapelle at Salzburg court. He was married there in 1672. There he played the violin and trained the choirboys and composed a lot of music. He probably had a lot of contact with other well-known musicians such as Georg Muffat. Although he was the greatest virtuoso of his time he hardly seems to have travelled about to play. In 1690 Biber was raised to the nobility. During his last years he seems to have spent much of his time composing works for the theatre as well as sacred music.

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Ilium

The ilium is one of the three bones which make up the pelvis in tetrapods. These include the bones that are usually called "hips", e.g. 'putting your hands on your hips'.

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Ulna

The ulna is one of the two bones which make up the lower forearm in tetrapods. The other one is the radius. Above them is the elbow and humerus; below are the hands or front feet. When the forearm is in its normal anatomical position, the ulna—a long bone that extends from the elbow to the wrist—is located on the medial side. It narrows as it gets closer to the wrist and widens near the elbow. The olecranon process, a bony bone at the elbow, resembles a hook and inserts into the humerus's olecranon fossa. This creates a hinge joint with the humeral trochlea and avoids hyperextension. Additionally, there is a radial notch for the ulnar tuberosity, which muscles attach to, and the head of the radius.

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Radius (bone)

The radius is one of the two bones which make up the lower forearm in tetrapods. The other one is the ulna. Above them is the elbow and humerus; below are the hands or front feet.

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Humerus

The humerus is the upper forearm bone in tetrapods. It connects to the shoulder blade (scapula) at the upper end, and the elbow below.

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Scapula

The scapula is the shoulder blade or pectoral girdle bone in tetrapods. It connects to the humerus and the clavicle.

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Femur

The femur is the thighbone in tetrapods. It connects to the pelvis (hip) at the upper end and to the knee at the lower end. It connects with the hip by a ball-and-socket joint which allows freedom of movement. The lower end of the femur forms a hinge with the lower leg known as the knee. This has two 'articulations': with the patella (knee-cap), and with the tibia (the main lower leg bone).The femur is also the longest and strongest bone in your body.

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Elisabeth of Austria

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Rites of Spring

Rites of Spring was an American emo band from Washington, D.C. They formed in 1984. The band was known for its fast, energetic live performances. Rites of Spring was a part of the D.C. hardcore punk scene. They increased the violence and passion of hardcore while at the same time experimenting with its rules. Compared to other bands of the time, their lyrics were very personal. This led to them being considered the first emo band. The band only performed 15 concerts during their time. The band disbanded in 1986. Singer and guitarist Guy Picciotto and drummer Brendan Canty went on to play in the post-hardcore band Fugazi in the late-1980s through the 2000s.

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Fibula

The fibula is one of the two bones which make up the lower leg (humans), or back leg in tetrapods. The other one is the tibia. Above them is the knee and femur; below are the feet. Muscles are attached to the top of the fibula which help move the knee. It is also used to support the knee and the tibia. Structure. The bone has the following components:

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Category theory

Category theory is a type of mathematics. Category theorists show how different ideas in mathematics are alike. For example, some ideas from topology and abstract algebra are similar. Ideas in category theory are written down in formulas or diagrams. Category theory can be used to make computer programs more secure or easy to write. A category is a mathematical object. It can be drawn with dots and arrows. Each arrow goes from one dot to one other dot. There can be many dots, sometimes so many that you cannot count them. An arrow is the abstract idea of a function and the dots are the domain and codomain of the function. Composition is a way to make a new arrow out of two arrows. If two arrows form an elbow shape, then they have a composition arrow from the start of the first to the end of the second. Composition obeys some axioms, or equations. Many ideas in abstract algebra are examples of categories or can be used to make categories. Often, this makes the ideas seem more similar.

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Radio drama

Radio drama (or audio drama, audio play, radio play, radio theatre, or audio theatre) is a dramatized, purely acoustic performance without visual elements. It is usually heard on radio or published as audiobook. Radio drama is often described as "cinema for the ears". It had its greatest popularity in the Golden Age of Radio, before television was introduced.

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Radio theatre

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Radio play

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Audio theatre

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Audio play

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Albert Hall

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Royal Albert Hall of Arts and Sciences

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RAH

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Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275830

Quango

Quango is an acronym used especially in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. Quangos are arms-length bodies funded by government departments but not run by them. They are given power and paid for by government departments. They were invented because most government departments do two rather different jobs. One is to make policy about how the country should be run, as indicated by laws passed in Parliament. This is called administration. Their other task is to run or operate the policies in action. Examples would be: to run the prison system, to collect taxes, to guard the country's borders, and so on. Quangos were invented to do the second type of task. They are supposed to do some practical job better than a government department could. Of course, if they fail, the fault is theirs, rather than the government department's. The acronym is spelt out in various ways: • "quasi non-governmental organization", • "quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization", • "quasi-autonomous national government organization" • In the United Kingdom the official term is "non-departmental public body" or NDPB. History. The term 'quasi-autonomous non-governmental organization' was created in 1967 by the Carnegie Foundation's Alan Pifer. He wrote an essay on independence and accountability in public-funded bodies. This term was shortened to 'quango' by Anthony Barker, a Briton, during a follow-up conference. Many quangos were created from the 1980s onwards. The UK government's definition in 1997 of a non-departmental public body or quango was: UK. According to the Tax Payers Alliance, in the year 2006-07, tax payers funded 1,162 Quangos at a cost of nearly £64bn; equivalent to £2,550 per household. About a thousand still remain. In 2010 the British Government said it had earmarked (chosen) nearly 200 quangos for closure, and 120 more for merging. This was part of its Whitehall efficiency programme. In August 2012, the government said that 106 quangos had lost their public status since then. Some were axed, some were sold off, and some had their work done elsewhere. Scotland. Since Scotland was given devolved self-government in 1999, their government has also set up a number of quangos. Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland in 2006 had more than 800 quangos, 482 at national and 350 at local level, with a total of 5,784 individual appointees and a combined annual budget of €13 billion. Issues. Depending upon one's point of view, the separation of a quango from government might allow its functions to be more commercially exercised. Or else it might allow an elected minister to evade responsibility for spending public money. Quangos have been criticised as undemocratic, expensive and letting government grow too big. "The Times" has accused quangos of bureaucratic waste and excess. In 2005 Dan Lewis, author of "The Essential Guide to Quangos", claimed that many quangos were useless and duplicated the work of others. In August 2008 a report by the right-leaning pressure group the Taxpayers' Alliance, claimed that £15 billion was being wasted by the regional development agencies, quangos set up to encourage economic development in their regions.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275833

MoMA

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275834

Heracleitus

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275835

Antimony compounds

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275836

Covalent

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275837

Dopant

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275840

Casimir I the Restorer

Casimir I the Restorer (; b. Kraków, 25 July 1016 - d. Poznań, 28 November 1058), was a Duke of Poland. He was a part of the Piast dynasty and father of Boleslaw II. He is known as "the Restorer" because he reunited the Polish Kingdom.

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Danny Lewicki

Daniel Vladimir Lewicki (March 12, 1931 – September 25, 2018) was a Canadian retired professional ice hockey left winger. He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs, Chicago Black Hawks and New York Rangers of the National Hockey League (NHL) in the 1950s and early 1960s. Before becoming a professional, Lewicki was at the centre of a dispute over professional hockey signing practices. He was the only player to have won the Allan Cup, Memorial Cup and Stanley Cup while still a junior. Early life. Lewicki was one of eight children in the family of Michael and Anastasia Lewicki. Both Michael and Anastasia were born in Ukraine and emigrated to Canada where they met in Fort William, Ontario. The family lived in the area known as the "Coal Docks", an immigrant enclave near the docks in Fort William. The family shared a home with six boarders. In an abusive marriage, Anastasia left Michael when Daniel was two years of age. Two of the children were sent to Geraldton, Ontario where the eldest sister lived with her husband. Daniel, his mother, a sister and brother and a boarder lived in a two-room shack by . Lewicki started skating at age five, first with bob skates, then a used pair three sizes too large. Until age twelve, Lewicki learned to play hockey by playing shinny on outdoor rinks. Organized hockey started at age twelve and Lewicki joined the Bantam Elks. This he did in secret, as his mother was strongly opposed to his playing hockey. Lewicki would hide his hockey equipment outside under the backyard stairs. The next season, Lewicki played for the North Star Bantams, moving up to the Midgets at age fourteen a year early, to play against boys sixteen and older. Hockey career. Junior hockey. At age fifteen, Lewicki got his first taste of junior hockey with the Columbus Juniors in their playoffs against the Winnipeg Monarchs. Lewicki would return to the Columbus Juniors the following season. That season, Lewicki would lead the Fort William league in scoring, and started attracting the attention of pro scouts from Toronto, New York and Detroit. Lewicki did not sign with any team, but was placed on the negotiating list of the Providence Reds by his coach, Leo Barbini, who did some scouting for the Reds. Barbini somehow managed to put Lewicki on the Providence list before Toronto and New York, who had filed at 12:01 am on Lewicki's sixteenth birthday. The following season, Columbus would be defeated by the Port Arthur West End Bruins. After the series, Lewicki was invited to join the Bruins as they continued in junior series playoffs. The Bruins would defeat Winnipeg to advance to the Western title series against Lethbridge, Alberta. Port Arthur and Lethbridge would be tied 3–3 in a best-of-seven series. Lethbridge refused to play the seventh game in Port Arthur and the game was moved to Toronto's Maple Leaf Gardens. The large ice surface favoured the Bruins and they defeated Lethbridge 11–1 to advance to the 1948 Memorial Cup final against the Barrie Flyers. The Bruins would defeat the Flyers in four straight to win the Cup and Lewicki would score the series-winning goal. The club had an impressive array of talent. Eight players from the Bruins would go on to play in the NHL. Lewicki was the top scorer in the playoffs, recording 40 points. After the Cup, the Toronto Maple Leafs bought the rights to Lewicki for a record price of $35,000 and a player. In the fall, Lewicki left Port Arthur to join the Stratford Kroehlers, coached by Barbini, his old coach. Before the regular season started, Lewicki was ordered to join the Toronto Marlboros by the Maple Leafs. Unbeknownst to Lewicki, Barbini had signed Lewicki to a "C" Form, which bound Lewicki at age eighteen, and not simply signed Lewicki to a negotiating list. Lewicki refused to play for Toronto, but was told that he had to play for the Marlboros, or nowhere else. Lewicki received a telegram from NHL President Clarence Campbell advising him that he was suspended. The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association took up Lewicki's case, but the CAHA stopped backing Lewicki short of any legal action. Stratford did as well, in the face of pressure from the Maple Leafs. Lewicki decided to join the Marlboros. The "C" Form, which Lewicki signed, became an issue in the Canadian Parliament, and was abolished a few years later. The Marlboros were defeated in the playoffs that year, and, like in Port Arthur, Lewicki was invited to join another team on a playoff run. This time it was the Marlboros' senior team, in competition for the Allan Cup. The Marlboros defeated the Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen, then the Cornwall Calumets, the Sault Ste. Marie Greyhounds and the Sherbrooke Saints to advance to the 1950 Allan Cup final against the Calgary Stampeders. Lewicki would be named the MVP for the series as the Marlboros defeated Calgary 4–1. Lewicki scored 42 points in the 17 playoff games. Professional career. In 1950, Lewicki began his National Hockey League career with the Maple Leafs. As a nineteen-year-old, he made the team straight out of training camp. Lewicki was able to get a one-way contract at $10,000 for three years and a signing bonus of $3,000. Lewicki made his NHL debut on October 14, 1950 against the Chicago Black Hawks. In his seventh game, Lewicki scored his first NHL goal on a bounce off the glass that bounced off the back of the Boston Bruins Jack Gelineau. Lewicki became a contender for the Calder Trophy, although he had strong competition from future Hall of Famer Terry Sawchuk. Lewicki had 16 goals and 31 assists before a groin injury ended his season early. Lewicki would end up third in voting for the Calder. The team finished second to qualify for the playoffs. Lewicki was pressed into service on the orders of Conn Smythe, although he was not healed. To play he had to have his groin muscle frozen and taped before each game. Instead of being able to contribute as a scorer, Lewicki would play a checking role in the playoffs. The Leafs would defeat the Montreal Canadiens in the final 4–1 to win the 1951 Stanley Cup Final. Lewicki was an Allan Cup, Memorial Cup and Stanley Cup winner at the age of 20. Lewicki spent the next three seasons mainly with the Leafs' Pittsburgh Hornets. Smythe was mad at Lewicki for getting married during the 1951 off-season. In Smythe's memoirs, he later regretted demoting a player to the minors for getting married, without naming the player. Lewicki may be the player, but he is not the only player to be demoted for that reason. Lewicki and another Leaf player John McCormack were both demoted following marriages. Despite a 36-goal, 45 assist and 81 point season in Pittsburgh, in 1954, the Maple Leafs sold Lewicki to the New York Rangers. Back in the NHL, Lewicki would respond with the best NHL season of his career, scoring 29 goals and 24 assists in 70 games and was named to the NHL Second All-Star team. After the 1957–58 season, the Rangers left him unprotected for the annual intra-league draft, and Lewicki became Montreal Canadiens property. Although he had a good training camp, and earned a bonus for his play, he was shipped to the Chicago Black Hawks. Lewicki and other players who had been picked from the Rangers' system were picked by the Canadiens simply to hurt the Rangers and the Canadiens had no plans to play them. Lewicki played one season for the Black Hawks, who managed to make the playoffs, only to lose in the first round. In the final game of the playoff, referee Red Storey missed a tripping call leading to a series winning goal by the Canadiens. The fans at Chicago Stadium were threatening Storey, and Lewicki gave Storey his stick to defend himself. Lewicki was unhappy after sitting on the bench, and he handed Storey his stick, saying "you need it more than me." Storey used the stick to defend himself to exit the arena. It would be both Storey and Lewicki's last game in the NHL. Storey resigned after criticism from league president Campbell, and the Black Hawks would sent Lewicki to the minors. Lewicki contends that the incident led to him being 'black-balled' from the league as he received no call-ups or any chances to make another NHL club for the rest of his career. Lewicki played for a few seasons in the American Hockey League before retiring in 1963. Death. Lewicki died on September 25, 2018 in the Toronto city area at the age of 87.

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Jundallah

Jundallah (or Jondallah, translates to Soldiers of God), or People's resistance movement of Iran (PRMI) is a militant organisation based in Balochistan. The organisation claims to be fighting for the rights of Sunni muslims in Iran. Most muslims in Iran are Shi'a, Sunni make up the largest minority group that is not Shi'a. Iran says the group is a terrorist organisation. Iran has blamed the organisation for many acts of smuggling illegal drugs, and of kidnapping. The organisation is believed to have 1.000 fighting soldiers. Many observers believe the group is linked to al-Qaeda. For a long time, Iran has believed that the U.S. government supported Jundallah. Several other sources such as the ABC News, Daily Telegraph, and journalist Seymour Hersh have also reported that Jundullah has received support from the United States against the government of Iran, although the US denies any involvement. In August 2007, the Israeli Mossad chief, Meir Dagan, pushed for using ethnic groups (among others, people from Balochistan) in Iran to make the Iranian government weaker and try to change the people in charge of the government. The group is called a terrorist group by the United States and Iran.

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Jondallah

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275847

People's resistance movement of Iran

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275848

ABC News

ABC News is the news division of the American Broadcasting Company, which is owned by The Walt Disney Company. Their shows they have include Good Morning America, World News Now, 20/20, and ABC World News Tonight.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275849

The X Factor (album)

The X Factor is a studio album by Iron Maiden. It is their tenth studio album, and went on sale on 2 October 1995. The album was not liked much by people who reviewed it; one person said that it had "[a] lack of energy" and that it was "merely adequate."

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Lead-acid battery

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275853

Flame proofing

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Flame retardant

A flame retardant is a chemical substance that makes things harder to burn. Some flame retardants are minerals or inorganic compounds like antimony trioxide or asbestos. Other flame retardants are special types of plastics and polymers. There are several ways flame retardants work. Some absorb heat when they are heated, stopping the thing from igniting. Others stop the heat from the fire from going into the thing. Flame retardants are used in textiles and bedding to prevent them from burning easily.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275856

Solingen arson attack

The Solingen arson attack of 1993 happened on the night of 29 May 1993 when five Turkish people were killed in Solingen, Germany. They died when four young German men, belonging to the political far right, firebombed a house. The dead were women and children, aged four, nine, 12, 18 and 27, all of whom who were related. The attack caused many protests in Germany, and many German government officials were at a memorial service for the dead. Some of the protests were violent, but others were peaceful. Because of the attack, Germany decided to make sure fewer people from other countries came into Germany for political asylum. It also banned some right-wing political groups. On 14 October 1995, a German court sentenced the four people who did the attack. Three men, aged 18, 19 and 22, were given prison terms of ten years. The fourth man, 25, was given a term of 15 years. The sentences were opposed by the men and their families, though most of the Turkish people in Germany approved of them. Some Turkish people wanted the men to get life terms in jail.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275858

Hyperthermophile

Hyperthermophiles are extremophile organisms that live best in very hot environments– from 60°C (140°F) up to 100°C (212°F). The best temperature for hyperthermophiles to grow at is around 80°C (176°F). Hyperthermophiles are mostly in the Archaea domain, but some bacteria are able to tolerate temperatures of around 100°C (212°F) as well. Many hyperthermophiles are also able to tolerate other environmental extremes, like high acidity or radiation levels.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275861

Solder

Solder is a metal or alloy with a low melting point. There are two types of solder; soft solder and hard solder. Soft solder melts easily with soldering irons and is used for electronics and electrical work. Hard solder melts at a higher temperature with a torch. Using solder is called soldering. There are two main types of soft solder; lead solder and lead-free solder. Lead solders have about 60% (or 63%) tin and 40% (or 37%) lead in them. They are toxic because they have lead in them. They melt at around 185°C. Lead solder is cheap, so it used to be popular. In plumbing, a 50% tin and 50% lead mixture was used. People thought this was safe, but then they saw that the lead was coming into the water. Now lead solder is illegal for use on pipes that carry water. Lead solder was once used for food cans. After many years, the lead could come into the food. The cans poisoned people who ate the food. Lead solder is still used in electronics. In 2006 the European Union, China, and California banned lead in consumer products. Lead solder became illegal in electronic devices in some places. Lead-free solder was needed. Many lead-free solders have tin, silver, and copper in them. They melt around 217°C. Sometimes indium is added to the solder to make it better, but indium is very expensive. Lead-free solder can also be made of a tin-bismuth alloy, sometimes with 0.4% or 1% silver added. This alloy has a lower melting point than other lead-free solders and behaves much more like leaded solder. Many times when a metal is being soldered, it oxidizes, making a layer of metal oxide that does not hold solder. Flux is added to react with the metal oxide and turn it back into the metal again. That helps the solder connect to the metal. Rosin is a common flux. Some electronics makers use fluxes that can be washed away with water. Some solders have a flux core, where the flux is inside the solder. Another type of solder is used to connect glass to other things. They melt around 450-550°C.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275862

Frame-dragging

Frame dragging is a theory which says that space is elastic, and particles in it will exchange energy with it. In the scientific world, "elastic" means that when you apply a certain amount of force to an object (which will cause it to bend) and then remove the force, the object will return to its original shape and energy state. Also, space is referred to as spacetime, which is simply a way to bring together the concepts of space and time. This basically means that whenever space is affected, time is affected. Frame dragging would provide answers for very old questions about gravity, strong force, and wave-particle duality (how things like electrons can act like waves and particles at the same time). Frame Dragging Effects. In frame dragging, particles spin, and this spin has energy in it. (It is important to note that this is not quantum physics spin, but an actual angular momentum spin; the particles are actually spinning). Since spacetime is elastic in this theory, it can absorb the energy (spin) of the particle. This would slow down the spin of the particle. Gravity. Mass has a strange effect that we experience in the normal world: it attracts other mass. Scientists have been spending centuries trying to explain this occurrence. Recently, they have discovered that mass has an effect that it can curve spacetime. This means that when mass is present, the shortest path through spacetime between two points is slightly bent towards wherever the mass is. Since the energy absorbed by spacetime has to go somewhere, many scientists predict that spacetime would be "bunched up," or folded. This can also be phrased as a curvature (bend) in spacetime. This would indicate that the particle generated gravity. The reason that this theory is called "frame dragging" is probably due to the effect of particles effectively "dragging" or "grabbing" spacetime as they spin. Not only would space be curved, but time would as well. However, the way to imagine this "gravity" is not so much as the force that we normally consider when we think of gravity, since normal gravity is created as well (due to its mass). Basically, frame dragging is an effect that occurs when one object is moving near another, which makes both objects change their motion because of the other's motion. Frame dragging does not occur if an object is neither spinning nor moving. In effect, one object "deflects" the motion of the other, and the other way around. Wave-Particle Duality. Scientists such as Einstein and Schrödinger spent much of their lives trying to find an answer for how something like an electron can act like a wave and also act like a particle. Frame dragging states that since spacetime is elastic, it can also give the spin-energy back to the particle. Once the particle has all of its spin-energy given back to it, it acts most like a wave. At that point, it will once again begin using its energy bunching up spacetime. Once the particle is no longer spinning, it acts most like a particle. Then, spacetime begins giving the particle its energy back, and the cycle continues forever. This is how a particle can actually act like a particle and a wave at nearly the same time. No energy is lost during the cycle due to the conservation of energy. Strong force. Frame dragging also has an effect that if one particle is next to another, they can both save energy if one is absorbing energy as the other one is emitting it. (This can also increase the mass of both particles, using Einstein's famous equation that energy is equal to a certain amount of mass). This would encourage particles to group together, which would explain what strong force (a force that holds protons and neutrons in an atom nucleus together) is. Evidence for Frame Dragging. There are effects that come out of the math of the frame dragging theory. Scientists have tested one where if a small spinning object is orbiting a larger spinning object, the smaller object will slowly adjust its spin axis (the imaginary line which an object rotates around) to align with the larger object's spin axis. This is known as the Lense-Thirring effect. They have tested this theory by having a gyroscope (an object that normally keeps its spin axis the same) orbit the Earth, and seeing its spin axis align with the Earth's.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275863

Antimony pill

An Antimony pill is a pill made from metallic antimony. It was a popular remedy in the nineteenth century, used to purge and revitalise the bowels. In use, it is swallowed and allowed to pass through the body, after which it is recovered for reuse. They called it the everlasting pill.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275864

Protozoan

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275868

Aluminium antimonide

Aluminium antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is AlSb. It has aluminium and antimonide ions in it. Compounds like it, such as gallium antimonide and indium antimonide can be made into LEDs and detectors for Infrared radiation but aluminium antimonide doesn't work as well. It is used instead to make the other compounds work better by stopping defects forming as they are made. Properties. Aluminium antimonide is a black solid. It is a semiconductor. It reacts with acids to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It has properties between a salt and an alloy.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275869

Antimonide

Antimonide is an ion. Its chemical formula is Sb3-. It has antimony in its -3 oxidation state. Antimonides are reducing agents. They react with acids to make stibine. Many antimonides have properties between a salt and an alloy. Many transition metal and post-transition metal antimonides are semiconductors.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275870

Stibine

Stibine, also known as antimony hydride or hydrogen antimonide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbH3. It is a covalent compound. It could be seen as having antimonide and hydrogen ions, or antimony and hydride ions. Properties. Stibine is a colorless gas. It is very toxic. It has a bad smell like hydrogen sulfide. Its structure is similar to ammonia. It can be found in the Marsh test, a test for arsenic. Antimony is reacted with a mixture of zinc and hydrochloric acid in a tube, making stibine. The stibine is heated and a shiny area of antimony is made in the heated part of the tube. Stibine easily decomposes into antimony and hydrogen at room temperature. This decomposition can be explosive. It burns very easily in air to make antimony trioxide and water. It can be deprotonated by very strong bases. Stibine melts at -88°C and boils at -17°C. History. Stibine was first found in 1837. It was difficult to find its properties because people did not know of a good way to make it. In 1901, Alfred Stock found a good way to make this gas and found most of its properties. Preparation. Stibine is made by reacting any antimonide with a strong acid. Some antimonides react with water to make this gas. Stibine can also be made by reacting any antimony(III) compound such as antimony trioxide with any hydride. Uses. Stibine is used to dope semiconductors with antimony. Some claim that it is used as a fumigant, but phosphine works much better. Safety. Stibine is a highly toxic gas, similar in toxicity to phosphine. It is too unstable to be of any hazard outside the laboratory, though.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275872

Zinc antimonide

Zinc antimonide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is ZnSb. It has zinc and antimonide ions in it. Properties. Zinc antimonide is a gray solid. Its properties are between an alloy and a salt. It reacts with water to make stibine. It is a reducing agent. It is a semiconductor. Preparation and Uses. It is made by heating zinc and antimony. It is used in transistors and infrared detectors.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275874

Antimony tribromide

Antimony tribromide, also known as antimony(III) bromide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbBr3. It has antimony and bromide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tribromide is a colorless solid. It absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrobromic acid. It has covalent bonds in it and melts easily. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony and bromine or by reacting concentrated hydrobromic acid with antimony trioxide. Uses. It is used as a fire retardant. It is also used in dyeing, and analytical chemistry.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275875

Fire retardant

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275876

Antimony bromide

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275877

Antimony(III) bromide

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275878

Butter of antimony

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275879

Antimony(III) chloride

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275880

Antimony trichloride

Antimony trichloride, also known as antimony(III) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl3. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trichloride is a white or pale yellow solid. It has a strong odor and absorbs water from the air. It reacts with water to make antimony trioxide and hydrochloric acid or hydrogen chloride. Preparation. It is made by reacting chlorine with antimony, antimony trioxide, or antimony trisulfide. Uses. It is used to detect Vitamin A. It is used to get horns off calves. It is also used as a catalyst.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275882

Antimony trifluoride

Antimony trifluoride, also known as antimony(III) fluoride or Swart's reagent, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbF3. It has antimony and fluoride ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trifluoride is a light gray solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is very corrosive. It has a strong odor. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with concentrated hydrofluoric acid or by reacting antimony with a little fluorine. Uses. It is used to add fluoride ions to other chemical compounds in organic chemistry. A Belgian chemist reacted a chloride with antimony trifluoride and chlorine to make a fluoride from the chloride. It was used to make Freon. It is also used in pottery and dyeing. Safety. Antimony trifluoride is highly corrosive. It is acidic and can burn the digestive system. It also makes ulcers.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275883

Antimony(III) fluoride

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275884

Swart's reagent

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275885

Antimony(III) iodide

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275886

Antimony triiodide

Antimony triiodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbI3. It has antimony and iodide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties, preparation, and uses. Antimony triiodide is a red solid. It is made by reacting antimony with iodine or by reacting concentrated hydriodic acid with antimony trioxide. It is used as a dopant.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275887

Antimony(III) oxide

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275888

Antimony trioxide

Antimony trioxide, also known as antimony(III) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. It has antimony in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trioxide is a white solid. It is the most common antimony compound. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with oxidizing agents to make antimony pentoxide and with reducing agents to make antimony or stibine. It reacts with concentrated acids to make antimony(III) salts and dissolves in strong bases. Occurrence. Antimony trioxide is found in two minerals, valentinite and senarmontite. Valentinite is a white mineral that is sometimes pale yellow. Preparation. Antimony trioxide is made when antimony is made. Stibnite is heated with air to make antimony trioxide. It is separated from arsenic by the boiling of the arsenic trioxide before the antimony trioxide boils. Antimony trioxide can also be made by a two step process. Stibnite is burned in air with calcium chloride to make calcium sulfate and antimony trichloride, which is reacted with water to make antimony trioxide. Uses. Antimony trioxide is mainly used as a flame retardant. It is also used to make glass, enamel, and ceramic opaque (not clear). Some pigments have antimony in them. It is also used as a catalyst for making plastics. It is also used as a catalyst for vulcanizing rubber, making it more "rubbery" and less likely to crack. Safety. Antimony trioxide is somewhat carcinogenic. It is somewhat toxic when eaten or breathed in.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275890

Valentinite

Valentinite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2O3. It is a mineral form of antimony trioxide. It has a Mohs hardness of 2.5 to 3. It is colorless to white. Its specific gravity is 5.76. It is made when stibnite is oxidized.

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https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=275891

Antimony trisulfide

Antimony trisulfide, also known as antimony(III) sulfide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It has antimony and sulfide ions in it. The antimony is in its +3 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony trisulfide is a gray solid. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and an antimony(III) compound. It dissolves in potassium hydroxide. It burns in air to make antimony(III) oxide and sulfur dioxide. It is a reducing agent. Occurrence. Stibnite is the mineral form of antimony trisulfide. Preparation. Antimony trisulfide is made in the laboratory by reacting any antimony(III) compound with hydrogen sulfide. Uses. Antimony trisulfide is used in cosmetics; in this area it is called kohl. It is used in pyrotechnics to make a glitter effect. It is also used in the heads of safety matches. It used to be used in flash powder before electronic flashes were used.

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Stibnite

Stibnite is a mineral. Its chemical formula is Sb2S3. It is the main ore of antimony. The American Museum of Natural History has a huge crystal of stibnite. Stibnite is soft, with a Mohs hardness of 2. Its specific gravity is 4.63. Uses. Historical. Stibnite was used to make kohl, a type of eyeliner. Use of stibnite in cosmetics dates to Ancient Egypt. Ore of antimony. Stibnite is the primary ore used to make elemental antimony. In most smelting processes, stibnite is heated with oxygen from the air to produce antimony trioxide and sulfur dioxide: The antimony dioxide is then treated with a strong reducing agent like carbon monoxide to yield the purified antimony metal:

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Antimony(III) sulfide

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Antimony trisulphide

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Antimony(III) sulphide

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Antimony tetroxide

Antimony tetroxide, also known as antimony tetraoxide or antimony(III,V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O4. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is both in the +3 and the +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony tetroxide is a white solid. It is an oxidizing agent. It turns yellow when heated and turns white again when cooled. Occurrence and preparation. Antimony tetroxide is found as the mineral cervantite. It is made by heating antimony trioxide with air, burning antimony in air, or heated antimony pentoxide strongly.

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Antimony tetraoxide

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Antimony(III,V) oxide

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Antimony pentachloride

Antimony pentachloride, also known as antimony(V) chloride, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is SbCl5. It has antimony and chloride ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentachloride is a colorless or yellow liquid. It releases toxic and odorous (bad odor) fumes in air. It melts at 2.8°C and boils at 140°C. It reacts with water to make antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in hydrochloric acid. It dissolves in chloroform. It absorbs water to form a solid hydrate. It is a strong oxidizing agent. Preparation. It is made by reacting liquid antimony trichloride with chlorine. Uses. It is used in a test for caesium. It is also used in the making of chemicals and dyes.

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Antimony(V) chloride

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Antimony chloride

Antimony chloride can refer to either of these chemical compounds:

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Antimony pentafluoride

Antimony pentafluoride, also known as antimony(V) fluoride, is a chemical compound made of antimony and fluorine. Its chemical formula is . It has five antimony-fluorine bonds. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. Antimony pentafluoride is a colorless, viscous fuming liquid (at 25 degrees Celsius at standard atmosphere, a pressure). It is an extremely powerful oxidizing and fluorinating agent and very reactive. Sodium, potassium and phosphorus (red or yellow) can burn on contact with it. It can oxidize oxygen in the present of fluorine, which makes one of the strongest oxidizers. It is not normal as oxygen normally oxidizes other things; it does not get oxidized commonly. It can make extremely strong acids (fluoroantimonic acid) when mixed with hydrogen fluoride. It was used in the first reaction that used fluorides to make fluorine. Antimony pentafluoride is a Lewis acid, because the antimony atom can accept a lone pair of electrons from another molecule. The high Lewis acidity of allows it to be mixed with strong Brønsted acids to make superacids. Examples of superacids include fluoroantimonic acid () and magic acid (). Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony pentoxide or antimony pentachloride with hydrofluoric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony trifluoride with fluorine. Uses. Antimony pentafluoride is mostly used to make superacids for research. It can also produce fluoroantimonates, a family of weakly coordinating anions, from a source of fluoride. It was also used in the first chemical reaction that made fluorine gas from fluorine compounds. This reaction is not widely used, as fluorine is normally made by electrolysis. Safety. Antimony pentafluoride is a component of the strongest acids in the world. It reacts with most chemical compounds. It is extremely corrosive and hazardous to health. It is one of the most poisonous known chemicals by volume. It is a notoriously powerful oxidizer and should be kept away from combustible materials. It violently forms Hydrogen Fluoride in contact with water and biological tissues. It's one of the most hazardous substances known, as mentioned in the EPA list of extremely hazardous substances.

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Antimony(V) fluoride

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Antimony pentoxide

Antimony pentoxide, also known as antimony pentaoxide and antimony(V) oxide, is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is Sb2O5. It has antimony and oxide ions in it. The antimony is in its +5 oxidation state. Properties. It is a yellow solid. It is a strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid to make antimony pentachloride and antimony pentafluoride. It breaks down to antimony tetroxide when heated to a high temperature. Preparation. It is made by reacting antimony trioxide with nitric acid. It can also be made by reacting antimony pentafluoride or antimony pentachloride with water. Uses. Antimony pentoxide is used in fire retardants and the making of titanium dioxide. It is also used as a catalyst.

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Lucas Cruikshank

Lucas Alan Cruikshank (born August 29, 1993) is an American comedian and television actor. He was born in Columbus, Nebraska on August 29, 1993. He created his character Fred Figglehorn, and his "Fred" series for his channel, on the video-sharing website YouTube. These videos are about Fred Figglehorn, a fictional 6-year-old who has a weird home life and "anger management issues". Cruikshank is openly gay. In a video released August 20, 2013, he came out saying "I'm gay. I feel so weird saying it on camera. But my family and friends have known for like three years. I just haven't felt the need to announce it on the Internet."

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Flaviviridae

Flaviviridae is a family of viruses that are primarily spread through arthropod vectors (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The family gets its name from Yellow Fever virus, a type virus of Flaviviridae; "flavus" means "yellow" in Latin. They include the following genera:

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Paramyxovirus

Paramyxoviruses (from Greek "para"-, beyond, -"myxo"-, mucus or slime, plus virus, from Latin poison, slime) are viruses of the Paramyxoviridae family of the Mononegavirales order; they are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses responsible for a number of human and animal diseases.

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Paramyxoviridae