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276139 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276139 | Lead(II) arsenate | |
276140 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276140 | Plumbous arsenate | |
276141 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276141 | Clastic rock | Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing rock.
Although, in principle, almost any rock made of eroded former rock is clastic (such as sandstone or mudstone), in practice the term is used for clasts of at least gravel size upwards. That means clasts are at least visible to the naked eye, and may be huge.
There are two types of clastic rock, by shape. conglomerates have rounded clasts, and breccias have jagged clasts.
In a clastic rock, the clasts are often of a different make-up from the ground rock or matrix. |
276142 | 9665721 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276142 | Spandau Prison | Spandau Prison was a prison in the borough of Spandau in the British Sector of West Berlin.
The prison was built in 1876 and knocked down in 1987 after the death of its last prisoner, Rudolf Hess. This was to stop it from becoming a neo-Nazi shrine.
History.
The prison was built in 1876. At first it was only used for soldiers but after 1919 it was also used for civilian inmates. It held up to 600 inmates at that time.
In the aftermath of the Reichstag Fire of 1933, opponents of Hitler and journalists such as Egon Kisch and Carl von Ossietzky were held there in so-called protective custody. Spandau Prison became a sort of predecessor of the Nazi concentration camps. It was supposed to be controlled by the Prussian Ministry of Justice but the Gestapo tortured and abused its inmates, as Egon Erwin Kisch recalls in his memories of Spandau Prison. By the end of 1933 the first Nazi concentration camps had been built (at Dachau, Osthofen, Oranienburg, Sonnenburg, Lichtenburg and the marshland camps around Esterwegen). All remaining prisoners in "protective custody" in state prisons were transferred to these concentration camps.
After World War II it was operated by the Four-Power Authorities to house the Nazi war criminals sentenced to imprisonment at the Nuremberg Trials.
Only seven prisoners were finally imprisoned there. Arriving from Nuremberg on 18 July 1947, they were:
Of the seven, only four served all of their sentence; the remaining three, Neurath, Raeder, and Funk, were released early due to ill health. Between 1966 and 1987, Rudolf Hess was the only inmate in Spandau Prison. His only companion was the warden, Eugene K. Bird, who became a close friend. Bird wrote a book about Hess's imprisonment entitled "The Loneliest Man in the World".
Spandau was one of only two Four-Power organizations to continue to operate after the breakdown of the Allied Control Council; the other being the Berlin Air Safety Center. The four occupying powers of Berlin would alternate control of the prison on a monthly basis, each having the responsibility for a total of three months out of the year.
The prison was demolished in 1987, largely to prevent it from becoming a Neo-Nazi shrine, after the death of its final remaining prisoner, Rudolf Hess, who had been the prison's sole occupant after the release of Speer and von Schirach in 1966. The site was made into a car park and a NAAFI shopping centre, named "The Britannia Centre Spandau" and nicknamed "Hessco's" after a British supermarket chain called "TESCO". All materials from the demolished prison were ground to powder and dumped in the North Sea or buried at the former RAF Gatow.
In 2006 a Kaiser's Supermarket, ALDI and a Media Markt consumer electronics store occupied the former prison grounds. In late 2008, Media Markt left the main shopping complex.
The prison.
The prison, first designed for a population in the hundreds, was an old brick building surrounded by one wall 15 feet high, another of 30 feet, a 10 foot high wall topped with electrified wire, followed by a wall of barbed wire. In addition, some of the sixty soldiers on guard duty manned nine machine-gun armed guard’s towers twenty-four hours a day. Due to the number of cells available, an empty cell was left between the prisoners' cells, to avoid the possibility of prisoners communicating in Morse Code. Other remaining cells in the wing were designated for other purposes, with one being used for the prison library and another for a chapel. The cells were approximately 3 metres long by 2.7 metres wide and 4 metres high.
Garden.
The highlight of the prison, from the inmates' point of view, was the garden. The garden space was first divided into small personal plots that were used by each prisoner in many ways, usually for growing vegetables. Dönitz liked growing beans, Funk tomatoes, and Speer flowers, although the Soviet director later banned flowers for a time. By regulation, all of the produce was to be put toward use in the prison kitchen, but prisoners and guards alike often skirted this rule and indulged in the garden's offerings. As prison regulations slackened and as prisoners became either apathetic or too ill to maintain their plots, the garden was consolidated into one large workable area. This suited the former architect Speer, who, being one of the youngest and liveliest of the inmates, later took up the task of refashioning the entire plot of land into a large complex garden, complete with paths, rock gardens, and flower displays. On days without access to the garden, for instance when it was raining, the prisoners occupied their time making envelopes together in the main corridor.
Controversy.
The Allied powers originally took over the prison in November 1946, expecting it to accommodate a hundred or more war criminals. Besides the sixty or so soldiers on duty in or around the prison at any given time, there were teams of professional civilian warders from each of the four countries, four prison directors and their deputies, four army medical officers, cooks, translators, waiters, porters and others. This was thought to be the wrong way to use the money and resources, and became a serious point of contention among the prison directors, politicians from their respective countries. The West Berlin government was especially unhappy at the arrangements because it cost them a lot of money but they still had a lack of space in their own prison system.
Life in the prison.
Prison regulations.
Every part of life in the prison was strictly set out by a set of rules designed before the prisoners' arrival by the Four Powers — France, Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. Compared with other established prison regulations at the time, Spandau's rules were quite strict.
The prisoners' outgoing letters to families were at first limited to one page every month;
A lot of the stricter regulations were either later relaxed, or deliberately ignored by prison staff. The directors and guards of the Western powers (France, Britain, and the United States), often complained about many of the stricter measures. The complaints were often vetoed by the Soviet Union, because it thought the rules should be stricter. The Soviet Union suffered 19 million civilian deaths during the war, and wanted the death penalty for all of the prisoners at the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg. Western commentators accused the Russians of keeping Spandau prison in operation chiefly as a centre for Soviet spying, as they had an excuse to drive into western Berlin, and the soldiers often looked out over the city instead of into the prison grounds.
Daily life.
Every day, prisoners had to wake up at 06:00 hours, wash, clean their cells and the corridor together, and eat breakfast. They then stayed in the garden until lunch-time at noon (weather permitting), after lunch they rested in their cells, then returned to the garden. Supper followed at 17:00 hours, after which the prisoners were returned to their cells. Lights out was at 22:00 hours. Prisoners were given a shave and a haircut, if necessary, every Monday, Wednesday and Friday; they did their own laundry every Monday. This routine, except the time allowed in the garden, changed very little throughout the years, although each of the controlling nations made their own interpretation of the prison regulations.
All prisoners feared the months when the Soviets were in control; the Russians were much stricter in enforcing prison regulations and offered poorer quality meals. Each nation in charge would bring its own cook and, in the American, French, and British months, feed the prisoners better than regulations allowed. The Soviets would offer an unchanging diet of coffee, bread, soup, and potatoes. This rigidity was primarily due to the much-loathed Soviet director, who perpetually enforced these measures and whom Russian and Western guards alike feared and despised. Until this director's sudden removal in the early 1960s, the 'Soviet month' was dreaded. Afterwards, matters, including diet, were improved. |
276145 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276145 | Clast | |
276149 | 42836 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276149 | Conglomerate (geology) | A conglomerate is a rock consisting of individual clasts within a finer-grained matrix that have become cemented together.
Conglomerates are sedimentary rocks consisting of rounded fragments and are thus differentiated from breccias, which consist of angular clasts. Both conglomerates and breccias have clasts larger than sand (>2 mm). |
276150 | 150321 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276150 | Round maple | |
276155 | 1575428 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276155 | Philip, Duke of Parma | Philip of Spain (15 March 1720 – 18 July 1765) was Duke of Parma from 1748 to 1765. He founded the Parma line of the House of Bourbon. He was a son in law of Louis XV.
Infante of Spain.
Born at the Royal Alcazar in Madrid, he was the fourth child and third son of Philip V of Spain and his wife, Elisabeth Farnese. He was raised in Madrid and as a child showed more interest in art than in politics. He was created Count of Chinchón, which he later ceded to his brother Louis in 1754.
Duke of Parma.
His mother was the last of the Farnese, rulers the Duchy of Parma. The Duchy had been ruled between 1731 and 1736 by his elder brother Charles I, but exchanged with Austria for The Two Sicilies after the War of Polish Succession. Twelve years later, in the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748), Austria lost Parma, and Philip became the new Duke, founding the Bourbons of Parma.
As part of the Treaty of Versailles (1757) between Austria and France it was intended that Philip would become King of the Southern Netherlands, in a deal that would see French troops occupy key positions in the country – however this arrangement was repudiated by the subsequent Third Treaty of Versailles and Philip continued in Parma.
Parma was ruined by many years of warfare, and in 1759 Philip named the abled Frenchmen Guillaume du Tillot as his minister to restore the economy. He stimulated education and philosophy, attracting personalities like Étienne Bonnot de Condillac.
Philip died unexpectedly on 18 July 1765 in Alessandria, Italy, after having accompanied his daughter Maria Luisa on her way to Genoa, where she sailed for Spain to marry Infante Charles. Through Philip's daughter Maria Luisa, he is an ancestor of the Bourbons of Spain, the Bourbons of the Two Sicilies, and the House of Orléans.
Marriage.
Philip married Louise Élisabeth of France in Alcalá de Henares, Spain on 25 October 1739. She was the eldest daughter of Louis XV. They had three children. The marriage was the first between the French and Spanish Bourbons, the other taking place in 1745 between Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain. |
276161 | 11132 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276161 | Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands | |
276164 | 11132 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276164 | Bundesregierung | |
276165 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276165 | Heligoland (album) | Heligoland is the fifth normal studio album from the collaborative British music production threesome Massive Attack, named after a German archipelago of the same name. It had been officially released everywhere except North America by 8 February 2010 (US and Canada on 9 February 2010) – seven years after the release of their last non-soundtrack, standalone studio album, "100th Window". It has been certified Gold in the United Kingdom.
Personnel.
The record has the singing of Horace Andy plus invited vocalists: Tunde Adebimpe of TV On The Radio, Damon Albarn of Blur and Gorillaz, Hope Sandoval of Hope Sandoval And The Warm Inventions and Mazzy Star, Guy Garvey of Elbow and Martina Topley-Bird, as well as guitar playing by Adrian Utley of Portishead (on "Saturday Come Slow"), keys from Portishead collaborator John Baggott (most notably on "Atlas Air"), keys and synth bass from Damon Albarn ("Splitting the Atom" and "Flat of the Blade" respectively), guitar (various tracks) and bass ("Girl I Love You") by Neil Davidge and bass by Billy Fuller of Beak on various tracks.
The record features drumming from the late Jerry Fuchs and regular session and touring drummer Damon Reece. Dan Brown and Stew Jackson (Robot Club) co-wrote "Paradise Circus", played guitar on and co-wrote "Saturday Come Slow", and part-programmed and engineered those tracks. Tim Goldsworthy added an additional production (specific tracks unstated). Most tracks were mixed with Mark "Spike" Stent and then all were mastered with Tim Young at Metropolis Studios, as with previous records. Unlike previous records, there are no personal acknowledgements on the inlay. Neil Davidge co-produced all tracks with Robert Del Naja only (except tracks 3, 7 and 9 where Grant Marshall was also involved), though Marshall has a co-write credit on every track. The album is dedicated to the "Blue Lines" co-producer, Jonny Dollar. |
276167 | 155614 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276167 | Fugazi (band) | |
276168 | 507729 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276168 | Mayors of Berlin | |
276169 | 139004 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276169 | Bismuth trisulfide | |
276170 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276170 | Arsenic sulfide | Arsenic sulfide can refer to either of these chemical substances: |
276171 | 1561132 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276171 | Jacques Cousteau | Jacques-Yves Cousteau known as Jacques Cousteau (11 June 1910 – 25 June 1997) was a French naval officer, explorer, ecologist, filmmaker, innovator, scientist, photographer, author and researcher who studied the sea and all forms of life in water. He helped create the aqua-lung, helped marine conservation and was a member of the Académie française. He was also known as "le Commandant Cousteau" or "Captain Cousteau".
Life.
Early life.
Cousteau was born on June 11,1910, in Saint-André-de-Cubzac, Gironde, to Daniel and Élisabeth Cousteau. He had one brother, Pierre-Antoine. Cousteau attended Collège Stanislas in Paris. In 1930, he entered the École navale and graduated as vnvmvmcnskda gunnery officer. After an automobile accident cut short his career in naval aviation, Cousteau changed to studying the sea.
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In Toulon, where he was serving on the "Condorcet", Cousteau carried out his first underwater experiments, thanks to his friend Philippe Tailliez who in 1936 lent him some Fernez underwater goggles. Cousteau also belonged to the information service of the French Navy, and was sent on missions to Shanghai and Japan (1935–1938) and in the USSR (1939).
On 12 July 1937 he married Simone Melchior (1919-1990), with whom he had two sons, Jean-Michel (born 1938) and Philippe (1940–1979). His sons took part in the adventures of the "Calypso". In 1991, after his wife Simone's death from cancer, he married Francine Triplet. They already had a daughter Diane Cousteau (born 1980) and a son Pierre-Yves Cousteau (born 1982), born during Cousteau's marriage to his first wife.
Death.
On the morning of 25 June 1997, Jacques-Yves Cousteau died at his home in Paris, aged 87 from a heart attack. He was buried in the family vault at Saint-André-de-Cubzac in France. A street was named "rue du Commandant Cousteau" in a street which runs near his native house, where a commemorative plaque was affixed.
Honors.
During his lifetime, Jacques-Yves Cousteau received these awards: |
276172 | 863768 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276172 | Orpiment | Orpiment is a mineral. Its chemical formula is As2S3. It is an orange to yellow mineral. It has a Mohs hardness of 1.5 to 2 and a specific gravity of 3.46. It melts at 300°C and oxidizes to arsenic trioxide at higher temperatures. It is toxic because it gets a layer of arsenic trioxide on it by oxidation in the air.
Orpiment was used as a pigment because it was one of the only yellow pigments that they could find. It is used to remove hair from hides.
Orpiment was once used in artworks, medicine, and other applications. However, because of its toxicity and instability, it is not popular anymore. |
276174 | 1542442 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276174 | Realgar | Realgar is a mineral. Its chemical formula is As4S4. It is a soft (Mohs hardness 1.5 to 2) red mineral. It is an ore of arsenic. It changes into a yellow powder when exposed to light. This yellow powder is called pararealgar. It melts at 320°C and burns with a blue flame, making arsenic and sulfur fumes. It was used to make a white color in fireworks before powdered metals were used. It is still used in some crackling firecrackers. It was used as a red pigment and an item of trade. It is used as a medicine in China. Its uses are similar to orpiment, a similar mineral. |
276179 | 90801 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276179 | Terry Fox Run | |
276180 | 90801 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276180 | Terry Fox Day | |
276181 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276181 | Diet Coke | |
276183 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276183 | Diet Pepsi | |
276184 | 159814 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276184 | Redoubt volcano | |
276186 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276186 | PepsiCo | PepsiCo, Inc. is an American multinational food, snack and beverage corporation headquartered in Harrison, New York, in the hamlet of Purchase. PepsiCo manufactures, marketing, and distribution of grain-based snack foods, beverages, and other products. PepsiCo was formed in 1965 with the merger of the Pepsi-Cola Company (not to be confused with the Coca-Cola Company) and Frito-Lay, Inc. |
276190 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276190 | Pepsi Max | |
276191 | 10495 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276191 | Kochira Katsushika-ku Kameari-kouenmae hashutsujo | |
276192 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276192 | Pepsi Wild Cherry | |
276194 | 10495 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276194 | Ino Tadataka | |
276195 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276195 | Pepsi ONE | |
276196 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276196 | Coke Zero | |
276197 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276197 | Cherry Coke | |
276198 | 103847 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276198 | Creative destruction | Creative destruction (German: "schöpferische Zerstörung") is a term that came from Marxism. It talks about how wealth is gathered and lost under capitalism. The term was first used in Werner Sombart's "Krieg und Kapitalismus" ("War and Capitalism", 1913) These ideas were first discussed in books "The Communist Manifesto" (1848), in "Grundrisse" (1857) and "Volume IV" of "Das Kapital" (1863).
Creative destruction is supposed to describe a theory of how the "destruction" of economic order leads to capitalistic economic ideals. Sombart is credited for using it first in his 1913 book "Krieg und Kapitalismus". The works and publications of Marxists such as Karl Marx himself, and Friedrich Engels, a socialist scientist, discuss the ideas of creative destruction.
In and after the 1950s, the term became associated with Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter. Schumpeter is credited for making the theory popular. However, his idea of creative destruction was quite different from Marx's original theory. The term gained popularity within neoliberal or free-market economics where it is used to described processes such as downsizing. The original Marxist usage has, however, been maintained in the work of influential social scientists such as David Harvey, Marshall Berman, Manuel Castells, Philippe Aghion and Peter Howitt who won Nobel Memoraial Prize in Economic Sciences. |
276199 | 105299 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276199 | Sweet home Alabama | |
276200 | 10433807 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276200 | Bill Nye | William Sanford Nye (born November 27, 1955), often known as Bill Nye the Science Guy, is an American actor, comedian, engineer, and educator. He is most known for hosting the children’s TV show "Bill Nye the Science Guy". Nye is also the CEO of The Planetary Society. Nye was born in Washington, D.C. and went to school at Cornell University. Early in his life, Nye worked as an engineer for Boeing in Seattle. He also was a member of the Seattle comedy troupe "Almost Live!". He hosted "Bill Nye the Science Guy" from 1993 to 1997. Since then, he has hosted several TV shows and specials concerned with science and the environment. He also designed the sundial on the Mars Rover. Nye currently lives in the San Fernando Valley. |
276202 | 1366555 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276202 | The Coca-Cola Company | The Coca-Cola Company is a publicly-traded (sold on the stock market) company headquartered in Atlanta, Georgia. Its stock symbol is KO. It is on the Dow Jones Industrial Average and makes up a large portion of the holdings of Berkshire Hathaway.
Soft drinks,.
The company is most known for making the drink Coca-Cola, the most drank soft drink in the world. It also makes other soft drinks, including:
Business.
The company offers 500 different brands and sells more than a billion drinks each day. Most of this is sold in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, China, Japan and the UK.
Besides soft drinks, the company also makes Minute Maid and Odwalla fruit juices, Powerade, and Dasani bottled water. At one time, the company owned Columbia Pictures, but they are now owned by Sony and also Rockstar energy drink now owned by PepsiCo.
Philanthropic Programs.
The Coca-Cola Company organizes the Coca-Cola Scholars Foundation, which awards scholarships to 150 high school students every year. Notable recipients include: |
276210 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276210 | Coca-Cola Company | |
276212 | 90801 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276212 | Redbull | |
276215 | 527152 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276215 | Aerosol | An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Examples are smoke, oceanic haze, air pollution, smog and CS gas. When they say "aerosol" most people mean an aerosol spray can or the spray it makes.
To differentiate suspensions from true solutions, the term sol evolved—originally meant to cover dispersions of tiny (sub-microscopic) particles in a liquid. With studies of dispersions in air, the term aerosol evolved and now embraces both liquid droplets, solid particles, and combinations of these. |
276237 | 1677439 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276237 | Muslim Brotherhood | The Society of the Muslim Brothers (" "), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood ( "") is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928. Al-Banna's teachings spread far beyond Egypt, influencing today various Islamist movements from charitable organizations to political parties.
Goals.
The Muslim Brotherhood's stated goal is to instill the Qur'an and Sunnah as the "sole reference point for ... ordering the life of the Muslim family, individual, community ... and state". Al-Banna expressed his desire for Egypt to return to Islamic values to revitalize the people's moral and social life. The vision of the Brotherhood was to create a comprehensive system of for governance where religion and the state functioned together, based on Sharia law.
Since it was created, in 1928 the movement has officially opposed violent means to achieve its goals, with some exceptions such as in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict or to overthrow secular Ba'athist rule in Syria (see 1982 Hama massacre). This position has been questioned, particularly by the Egyptian government, which accused the group of a campaign of killings in Egypt after World War II.
In Egypt.
The Muslim Brotherhood was established as a lay organisation, not led by religious clerics, unlike other Islamist groups. The group consisted of Egyptians who had moved to the city looking for work, as well as students who had been newly educated in state-funded universities. The Brotherhood served as an outlet for young people who were disappointed with the political system, and were seeking a community and philosophical guidance on living in an increasingly modern society.
The Muslim Brotherhood is currently banned in Egypt. People have been arrested because they participated in the group. To circumvent this ban, supporters of the group often run for office as independent candidates.
The fifth president of Egypt, Mohamed Mohamed Morsi Eissa al-Ayyat, was a member of the Muslim Brotherhood. He was elected in 2012, but overthrown in 2013 by the current president of Egypt, General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi.
Outside Egypt.
Outside Egypt, the group's political activity is more traditional and conservative. Inside Egypt, the group is modernist and wants reforms to happen.
In Kuwait, for example, the Muslim Brotherhood says that women should not have a right to vote in elections. The Brotherhood condemned terrorism and the 9/11 attacks. Whether the group has ties to terrorist organisations is disputed.
The question whether and how to use violence has also led to disputes inside the movement. At times, those in favour of using violence split from the main group and created their own groups. Examples of such groups are Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya (The Islamic Group) and Al Takfir Wal Hijra (Excommunication and Migration).
Hamas.
The Muslim Brotherhood first established a branch in Jerusalem, Palestine, in 1946, after the Great Revolt when Palestinians protested against the ongoing Palestine Mandate held by Britain. By 1948, there were 38 autonomous branches of the Muslim Brotherhood in Palestine. Between 1946 and 1987, activism by the Brotherhood was largely limited to social improvements and the establishment of social institutions. For example, the Islamic Centre was established and used charitable donations by Muslims (zakat) to organise a mosque, medical clinic, sports clubs. These social improvements were also aimed at providing for Palestinians who were not well served by the PLO, the rival Palestinian resistance group.
Hamas as an organisation, created out of the Muslim Brotherhood, was declared on December 14th 1987, 5 days after the first collision between an Israeli truck driver and Palestinian civilians, four of which were killed. In August of 1988, Hamas issued its own charter. The charter declared that Hamas is a wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, and that it is also a "distinguished Palestinian movement".
Influences.
Among the Brotherhood's more influential members was Sayyid Qutb. Qutb was the author of one of Islamism's most well-known books, "Milestones". The book called for the restoration of Islam by re-establishing Sharia law as the governing principle. He also calls for the use of Jihad for abolishing the secular organisations and authorities throughout the Muslim world. Although Qutb was once an influential member of the Brotherhood, it is clear throughout "Milestones" that his ideas on the use of non-violence no longer aligned with those of the organisation
While studying at university, Osama bin Laden claimed to have been influenced by the religious and political ideas of several professors with strong ties to the Muslim Brotherhood including both Sayyid Qutb and his brother Muhammad Qutb. However, once Al Qaeda was fully organized, they denounced the Muslim Brotherhood's reform through nonviolence and accused them of "betraying the cause of Islam and abandoning their 'jihad' in favour of forming political parties and supporting modern state institutions".
Funding.
The Brotherhood is financed by contributions from its members, who are required to allocate a part of their income to the movement. Some of these contributions are from members who live in oil-rich countries. |
276239 | 2133 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276239 | The Society of the Muslim Brothers | |
276240 | 2133 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276240 | Society of the Muslim Brothers | |
276241 | 155614 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276241 | Mushroom (musician) | |
276244 | 314522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276244 | Egyptian Islamic Jihad | Egyptian Islamic Jihad (EIJ), originally called al-Jihad, is an Egyptian terrorist group based on an extreme interpretation of Islam. It has been active since the late 1970s. It is under worldwide embargo by the United Nations as a group linked to al-Qaeda. It is also banned by several governments around the world, including that of the Russian Federation.
Since 1991 it has been led by Ayman al-Zawahiri, who is now the leader of al-Qaeda. According to Zawahiri, the EIJ was "different from the Takfir wal Hijra group as we do not consider people infidels because of their sins. And we are different from the Muslim Brotherhood because sometimes they do not oppose the government".
The organization's original main goal was to overthrow the Egyptian government and replace it with an Islamic state based on the way it thought Islam should be. Later it broadened its aims to include attacking the United States and Israel, and other interests in Egypt and abroad.
Islamic Jihad was responsible for the assassination of Anwar Sadat in 1981. Sadat's Sinai treaty with Israel, which recognized the Jewish state, made them very angry.
Link with Al Qaeda.
In June 2001, Al Qaeda and Egyptian Islamic Jihad, which had been associated with each other for many years, merged into 'Qaeda al-Jihad'. |
276247 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276247 | Islamic Jihad | |
276248 | 2133 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276248 | Moslem Brotherhood | |
276251 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276251 | Joe Hall | Joseph Henry "Bad Joe" Hall (May 3, 1881 – April 5, 1919) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player. Hall played senior and professional hockey from 1902 to 1919, when he died as a result of the influenza epidemic of 1918. He won the Stanley Cup twice with the Quebec Bulldogs and once with the Kenora Thistles.
Playing career.
Hall was born in Staffordshire, England, United Kingdom and grew up in Brandon, Manitoba. Nicknamed "Bad Joe" for his aggressiveness on the ice, he played in the Manitoba Hockey Association with the Brandon Wheat Kings, Winnipeg Rowing Club and the Kenora Thistles, and in the National Hockey Association as a member of the Quebec Bulldogs. He played for the Montreal Canadiens in their first two seasons in the National Hockey League from 1917-1919.
Hall won the Stanley Cup with the Kenora Thistles in 1907, for which he received a "loving cup" which is on display in the Hockey Hall of Fame. He won the Cup with the Quebec Bulldogs in 1912 and 1913. He also challenged for the Stanley Cup in 1904 with the Winnipeg Rowing Club.
1919 Stanley Cup Final.
In 1919, Hall was part of the Montreal Canadiens team that made it to the Stanley Cup Finals. The Finals were interrupted and eventually cancelled due to an outbreak of Spanish influenza. The flu was contracted by several players on both the Canadiens and their opponents, the Seattle Metropolitans. Hall would eventually succumb to pneumonia, related to his influenza, in a hospital in Seattle, Washington just four days after the Stanley Cup Final series was abandoned.
He was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 1961. |
276252 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276252 | Glen Hanlon | Glen A. Hanlon (; born February 20, 1957 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired National Hockey League (NHL) goaltender and a former head coach of the Washington Capitals of the NHL, Dynamo Minsk of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), and the Belarusian national ice hockey team. He was a goaltender scout for the Vancouver Canucks. On March 24, 2010 he was named head coach of Slovak national ice hockey team. |
276257 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276257 | Shane Johnson | Shane Johnson (born January 1, 1974 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a retired Canadian-born British ice hockey defenceman.
Playing career.
Johnson spent four seasons at Boston University before spending a year with the Canadian National Ice Hockey Team. In 1998, Johnson moved to the United Kingdom's British Ice Hockey Superleague with the London Knights. He then moved to the Bracknell Bees and won the Superleague title with the team. Johnson then moved to the Belfast Giants in 2000 and became a huge fan favourite during a six-year spell which saw him win another Superleague title in 2002, the playoff cup in 2003 and the Elite League title in 2006 as well as becoming an all-star. In 2006, Johnson moved to the Sheffield Steelers, but midway through the season, Johnson signed with the Slough Jets. In 2007, Johnson returned to Sheffield for a brief spell and had another brief spell with the Cardiff Devils before he rejoined the Giants. Johnson retired at the end of the 2009-2010 season. Johnson also played for the Great Britain national ice hockey team and is now a British citizen. |
276262 | 68157 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276262 | Al-Jihad | |
276266 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276266 | Minute Maid | Minute Maid is an American drink company. It is owned by The Coca-Cola Company. Minute Maid makes juices, lemonade and other soft drinks. Minute Maid was the first company to make orange juice from concentrate. It makes an orange drink called 'Minute Maid Pulpy'. It contains juice with a large amount of orange pulp. Now 'Minute Maid Pulpy' comes in four variants, orange, tropical, o'mango (orange mango) and lemon. Now 'Minute Maid Pulpy Aloe Vera' contains juice with a lot of aloe vera pieces. It came in white grape. |
276267 | 640235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276267 | Ed Johnstone | Edward Lavern "Eddie" Johnstone (born March 2, 1954) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player. He played for the New York Rangers and Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career.
Johnstone played major junior with the Medicine Hat Tigers of the Western Canada Hockey League from 1971 to 1974. After two 100 point seasons in a row with Medicine Hat, Johnstone was drafted 104th overall by the New York Rangers in the 1974 NHL Amateur Draft, and 78th overall by the Michigan Stags in the 1974 WHA Amateur Draft. He played 23 games for the Stags in 1974–75 and played in the American Hockey League for the Providence Reds. Johnstone started his National Hockey League career in 1975–76, scoring 3 points in 10 games. Johnstone played for the Rangers until the end of the 1982–83 season, before being traded to the Detroit Red Wings along with Ron Duguay and Eddie Mio for Mike Blaisdell, Willie Huber, and Mark Osborne. He played for the Red Wings and their AHL minor league affiliate, the Adirondack Red Wings before retiring in 1987. |
276269 | 18539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276269 | Shane Johnson (ice hockey) | |
276271 | 10054670 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276271 | No Protection | No Protection is the name of a dub remix of Massive Attack's second album "Protection". The remix was done by the British dub producer Mad Professor. Mad Professor was contacted by Massive Attack after "Protection" was released to remix a song for a single. After the single was remixed, the band asked Mad Professor to listen to more of the album to find the possibility of more remixes. The project then became a track by track remix of almost the entire album. Mad Professor heavily edited the original material to form a slow, pulsating mix in which the beat is emphasized, reverb is extensively used and the occasional vocals (many of the tracks are almost entirely instrumental) fade in-and-out in normal dub fashion, making a hypnotic, if repetitive, mix. The result is, on paper, more textured than the original, but loses any sense of the jazzy feel of "Protection". |
276272 | 155614 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276272 | Mezzanine (album) | |
276277 | 1398040 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276277 | Bauhaus (band) | Bauhaus were an English gothic rock band formed in Northampton in March 1978. The group was of Peter Murphy (vocals), Daniel Ash (guitar), Kevin Haskins (drums) and David J (bass). The band was originally Bauhaus 1919 before they dropped the number part of their name within a year of formation. With their dark and gloomy sound and image, Bauhaus are generally known the first gothic rock group.
Bauhaus first broke up in 1983. Peter Murphy began a solo career while the other members continued as Tones on Tail and, later, Love and Rockets. Both enjoyed greater commercial success in the United States than Bauhaus had, but disappeared from the charts in their homeland. The band reunited for a 1998 tour and on a more permanent basis in 2005. The group announced plans to break up again following the release of their final album, "Go Away White", in 2008. |
276279 | 18539 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276279 | Fear of the Dark (Iron Maiden album) | Fear of the Dark is a studio album by Iron Maiden. It went on sale on 11 May 1992. It was the most popular album in the United Kingdom when it started being sold.
The album got mixed reviews. One person who reviewed it said that it was a "return to form," but had too many songs that were boring on it. |
276280 | 1475779 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276280 | Louise Élisabeth of France | Louise Élisabeth de France (Marie Louise Élisabeth; 14 August 1727 – 6 December 1759) was the eldest daughter of King Louis XV of France and Maria Leszczyńska. She married Infante Philip, younger son of Philip V of Spain, and later became "Duchess of Parma".
Princess of France.
Baptised with the names Marie Louise Élisabeth she was the twin of Henriette of France. She was known at court as "Madame Royale", "Madame Première" or "Madame Élisabeth". Within the family she was known "Babette". She was he fathers favourite daughter.
Marriage.
She was forced to marry Infante Philip of Spain by proxy on 26 August 1739. not having met her future husband beforehand. Afterwards, she was known as "Madame Infante" at the court of Louis XV. The marriage ceremony took place on 25 October 1739. She was known as "Madame Infante" at Versailles after her marriage.
Louise Élisabeth travelled to Madrid to the court of Philip V of Spain who was in fact her great uncle. The strict court etiquette was made worse by her mother-in-law, Elisabeth Farnese, who disliked Louise Élisabeth.
Duchess of Parma.
Louise Élisabeth was able to leave Spain in 1748 when her husband was created Duke of Parma thanks to the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) which ended the War of the Austrian Succession. At Louis XV's instigation, Philip was given Parma as Louise Élisabeth had frequently asked him to bestow territory on her husband. En route to Parma, Louise Élisabeth went to Versailles arriving there in December 1748. During her stay she became acquainted with Madame de Pompadour. She arrived in Parma in October 1749 where she imported French court manners and "cuisine". She also redecorated the Ducal Palace of Colorno in the French style.
At the death of her twin sister in 1752, Louise Élisabeth returned to France in September to visit her tomb at Saint-Denis. She was expected to stay for only a few weeks, but remained in Versailles for almost a year.
Louise Élisabeth was bored when she returned to Parma, and sought a wider realm to rule. She allied herself with Empress Maria Theresa, who promised Louise Élisabeth the throne of the Southern Netherlands, which had been returned to Austrian rule under the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. This alliance was to be cemented by the marriage of her daughter Princess Isabella to Archduke Joseph of Austria. The marriage took place in 1760.
While back at Versailles, Louise Élisabeth died of smallpox. She was buried on 27 March 1760 at Saint-Denis Basilica beside her sister, Henriette. Their tombs were destroyed during the French Revolution. |
276282 | 150824 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276282 | Maria Leszczyńska | |
276283 | 111904 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276283 | Louis, Duke of Burgundy, Dauphin of France | |
276284 | 139034 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276284 | Presidents' Day | |
276285 | 139034 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276285 | Presidents Day | |
276288 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276288 | Gord Lane | Gordon Thomas Lawrence Lane (born March 31, 1953 in Brandon, Manitoba) is a retired Canadian ice hockey defenceman. |
276289 | 1604351 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276289 | Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France | Maria Josepha of Saxony (Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria; 4 November 1731 – 13 March 1767) was a Dauphine of France and daughter-in-law of Louis XV. Marie Josèphe was the mother of three kings of France, including the doomed Louis XVI, who died under the guillotine during the French Revolution. Her youngest daughter, Madame Élisabeth, also was beheaded during the Revolution.
Family.
Maria Josepha was born in Dresden to Augustus III of Poland. She was named after her mother Maria Josepha of Austria. Her mother was a first cousin of Maria Theresa of Austria. Maria Josepha was the eighth of fifteen children and the fourth daughter. Her oldest sister Maria Amalia had married the future Charles III of Spain.
Marriage.
She was married to the Dauphin of France on 9 February 1747, Maria Josepha of Saxony married Louis of France. The dauphin had been married to Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain who had died in childbirth in 1746. In France the Saxon princess was known as "Marie-Josèphe de Saxe". The dauphin mourned the death of his first wife but would eventually fall in love with Marie Josèphe. Like her husband, Marie Josèphe was very devout. She was the mother of some eight children, her favourite being Louis, Duke of Burgundy who died young. Politically reserved, she exerted herself only once, in 1762, in vain, for the preservation of the Society of Jesus in France. The Society had been dissolved by the King on the initiative of the duc de Choiseul and Madame de Pompadour.
The death of her husband, in December 1765, she sank into a deep depression for the rest of her life. Her health declined and she died on 13 March 1767 of tuberculosis and was buried at Sens Cathedral and her heart was taken to the Basilica of Saint Denis.
Issue.
Maria Josepha also had a stillborn son in 1748 and again in 1749. A stillborn daughter in 1752; Stillborn son in 1756. She also miscarried a son in 1762. |
276290 | 86802 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276290 | Rob McVicar | Robert McVicar (born January 15, 1982 in Hay River, Northwest Territories) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey goaltender with one game of NHL experience.
Playing career.
McVicar grew up in Brandon, Manitoba, where he played junior hockey for the Brandon Wheat Kings of the WHL for the four seasons 1999-2000 to 2002-2003. He was the 151st overall pick of the Canucks in the 2002 NHL Entry Draft. For most of three seasons, from 2003-2004 to 2005-2006, McVicar played in the AHL for the Manitoba Moose; with the exception of 19 games played in the ECHL with the Columbia Inferno during the 2003-2004 season; 33 games played in the ECHL with the Victoria Salmon Kings during the 2005-2006 season; and one game played in the NHL with the Vancouver Canucks during the 2005-2006 season. In McVicar's only NHL appearance, on December 1, 2005 against the Edmonton Oilers, he played 3 minutes without facing a shot.
During the 2006-2007 season he played in the ECHL with the Utah Grizzlies, and during the 2007-2008 season he played in the CHL with the Arizona Sundogs. He signed with TOTEMPO HvIK for the 2008-2009 season.
On February 2, 2009 McVicar joined the Hamburg Freezers. His contract was confirmed after bankruptcy from Totempo. |
276295 | 966595 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276295 | Przemysł II | Przemysł II (also given in English and Latin as "Premyslas" or "Premislaus", or less properly "") (14 October 1257 – 8 February 1296) was the Duke of Poznań, Greater Poland, Kraków and Pomerania, and then King of Poland from 1295 until his death. |
276297 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276297 | Henry IV Probus | Henry IV Probus (Latin for "the Righteous") (; ) (c. 1258 – 23 June 1290) was a Duke of the Silesian territory of Wrocław (Lower Silesia) starting in 1266, and starting in 1288 High Duke of the Seniorate Province of Kraków until his death in 1290.
He was the only son of Henry III the White, Duke of Wrocław, by his first wife Judith, daughter of Duke Konrad I of Masovia. |
276299 | 1618275 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276299 | Wojciech Jaruzelski | Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (6 July 1923 - 25 May 2014) was a Polish military officer and politician. He was leader from 1981-1989 and the first President of Poland from July 1989 to December 1990.
Personal life.
Jaruzelski came from a family of Polish gentry. He was a son of Władysław Jaruzelski.
Military and political career.
Selected by the Soviets for officer training in 1943, he served in the military working for Stalin,from 1943-1953 and Beria,Malenkov,and,Molotov,in 1953 and,Khrushchev,from 1955-1964,and Brezhnev,from 1964-1982,Andropov,from 1982-1984 and,Chernenko,from 1984-1985 and Gorbachev,from 1985 until 1989 . In total he worked for 46 year’s from 1943-1989 . He was the last commander-in-chief of the Polish People's Army (Ludowe Wojsko Polskie) and chairman of the Polish United Workers Party 1981-1989. Jaruzelski was the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland from 1981-1985 and remained as head of state until 1990 as Poland's last communist leader. He resigned to allow for democratic elections.
In 1981, Jaruzelski ordered a brutal crackdown on people who did not agree with the Communist government of Poland. Jaruzelski imposed martial law in Poland on 13 December 1981 to stop pro-democracy movements including Solidarity, the first non-Communist trade union in the Warsaw Pact.
In 2005, Jaruzelski said he was happy that Poland joined NATO for reasons of security and the European Union for reasons of economic development.
Death.
Jaruzelski died on 25 May 2014, in a Warsaw hospital after having a stroke earlier that month. |
276303 | 1542442 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276303 | Cadmium chloride | Cadmium chloride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdCl2. It has cadmium and chloride ions in it. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.
Properties.
Cadmium chloride is a colorless solid. It dissolves easily in water. It is toxic and carcinogenic (causes cancer). It is mostly ionic but a little covalent. It reacts with bases to make cadmium oxide.
Preparation.
Cadmium chloride is made by reacting cadmium oxide, cadmium, or cadmium carbonate with hydrochloric acid. It can also be made by mixing cadmium and chlorine.
Uses.
It is used to make yellow cadmium sulfide, which is used as a pigment. It is also used to make organocadmium compounds. It is also used for electroplating. |
276305 | 1391867 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276305 | Chościsko | Chościsko – according to Gallus Anonymus it is the name of father of Piast Kołodziej, the founder of the Piast Dynasty. His name (originating possibly from Old Polish word for a tail "chost/chwost") appears in the Chronicle of Gall of Anonym three times. It is likely that the name is in fact a title of prince Popiel due to his long hair. |
276306 | 117160 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276306 | Piast (prince) | |
276307 | 314522 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276307 | Cadmium sulfate | Cadmium sulfate is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdSO4. It is made of cadmium and sulfate ions. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.
Properties.
Cadmium sulfate is a white solid. It easily dissolves in water. It is toxic and carcinogenic.
Preparation.
Cadmium sulfate is made by dissolving cadmium carbonate, cadmium oxide, or cadmium metal in sulfuric acid.
Uses.
Cadmium sulfate is used to electroplate cadmium on electronic circuits. It is also used to make cadmium sulfide, a pigment. It is used as an electrolyte in a certain battery used to make voltmeters accurate. |
276310 | 111904 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276310 | Marie Josephe of Saxony | |
276311 | 9358992 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276311 | Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia | Charles Emmanuel IV (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 – 6 October 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802. He abdicated in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel I. He was the brother-in-law of Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X of France.
Biography.
"Carlo Emanuele" was born at the Royal Palace of Turin, the eldest son of Victor Amadeus, "Duke of Savoy" and Maria Antonia of Spain. From his birth till his succession he was styled "Prince of Piedmont". He was named after his grandfather Charles Emmanuel III and baptised "Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria".
In 1775 Charles Emmanuel married Marie Clotilde of France, the daughter of Louis, Dauphin of France and Marie Josèphe of Saxony, and sister of Louis XVI. Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other. Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.
He became king at the death of his father on 14 October 1796. In December 1798, the French occupied Turin and forced Charles Emmanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain Piedmont. He and his wife lived in Rome and in Naples as guests of the rich Colonna family.
On 7 March 1802 Charles Emmanuel's wife Marie Clothilde died. He was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate on 4 June 1802 in favour of his brother Victor Emmanuel. Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of King.
He died at the Palazzo Colonna in Rome and was buried in the Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale. |
276312 | 150824 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276312 | Charles Emmanuel IV | |
276313 | 644977 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276313 | Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia | Victor Emmanuel I ("Vittorio Emanuele"; 24 July 1759–10 January 1824) was King of Sardinia from 1802 to 1821.
Biography.
Born at the Royal Palace of Turin, he was the second son of King Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and Maria Antonia of Spain. From birth he was known as the Duke of Aosta. His older brother Charles Emmanuel IV abdicated in 1802 and Victor Emmanuel succeeded him. He ruled Sardinia from Cagliari for the next twelve years as the mainland Kingdom of Sardinia had been captured by the French.
Victor Emmanuel returned to Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the Congress of Vienna with the addition of the territories of the former Republic of Genoa. After the outbreak of the liberal revolution in his lands in 1821, he abdicated in favor of his brother, Charles Felix. Victor Emmanuel died in the Castle of Moncalieri. He is buried in the Basilica of Superga.
Family and children.
On 21 April 1789, he married Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este, daughter of Ferdinand, Duke of Modena. |
276314 | 150824 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276314 | Victor Emmanuel I | |
276319 | 1541926 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276319 | Robert Baden-Powell | Robert Stephenson Smyth Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell, OM, GCMG, GCVO, KCB (22 February 1857 – 8 January 1941) was an English army officer most known for starting the Boy Scouts. He was born in Paddington, in the West End of London and went to British public schools before joining the army. Baden-Powell served in South Africa during the Anglo-Ashanti and Boer Wars, and also served in Malta. Baden-Powell's most notable service was at the Siege of Mafeking. For that, he became a major general, and later a lieutenant general, which he was until 1910. In 1907, he founded the Boy Scouts, and wrote the first "Handbook for Boys". He also started the Woodbadge program, which is based on Scoutcraft and things he learned from the Zulus. He also spied in Germany, Austria and Russia. |
276322 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276322 | Dominos Pizza | |
276323 | 1069165 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276323 | Domino's Pizza | Domino's Pizza is a pizza restaurant chain founded in the United States. It is the biggest pizza company in the United States. "Domino's" menu has pizza, pasta, oven-baked sandwiches, chicken wings, boneless chicken, salads, breadsticks, cheesesticks, and a variety of desserts.
"Domino's" has 17,100 stores in more than 90 countries. It also operates in the United Kingdom. It is one of the most popular pizza restaurant chains in Britain. In 2020, "Domino's" closed all 55 of their restaurants in South Africa. |
276325 | 90801 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276325 | Biohazzard | |
276327 | 22027 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276327 | Capitalizm | |
276336 | 233259 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276336 | Gaara | Gaara is a character in the manga and anime Naruto. He is known as Gaara of the Sand in the Viz translation, and Sabaku no Gaara (Gaara of the Desert) in the original Japanese. Initially he was a bad guy and Naruto's rival. After a while the two develop a bond as kindred spirits and become close friends. |
276340 | 17988 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276340 | Han bi-ya | |
276342 | 863768 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276342 | Muyeol of Silla | Taejong Muyeol of Silla (, 602 June 661) was the 29th king of Silla. He was named Kim Chun-chu.
He was the grandson of King Jinji. He went to Goguryeo, asking for help to destroy Baekje.
After he went to Tang for help in destroying Baekje and Goguryeo so that the Three Kingdoms could become one kingdom. In 660 he led the military with Kim Yu-sin to fight against Baekje. They won the fight, but he died that year. |
276344 | 109267 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276344 | Koguryo | |
276346 | 10249384 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276346 | 661 | |
276347 | 40158 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276347 | King Muyeol | |
276348 | 2133 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276348 | Antiseptic | An antiseptic is a substance that is applied to lesions or wounds of the skin to kill germs. This helps prevent the wound becoming infected.
Commonly used antiseptics include alcohol, iodine and mercury compounds. Antiseptics are different from antibiotics. Antiseptics can only be used on the skin, antibiotics can also be used internally, through the blood and lymphatic systems. They are also different from disinfectants: Disinfectants are used on non-living objects only, because they are dangerous to the living. |
276349 | 62235 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276349 | Gwanggaeto the Great | Gwanggaeto the Great (, 374 - 413) was an ancient Korean monarch. He was the 19th King of Goguryeo and reigned from 393 to 413 CE. During his reign the Goguryeo territory widened with the conquests of Suksin, Mohe, Khitan, Buyeo. His era name was "Yeongnak" ().
King Gwanggaeto died from a sickness in the year 413. |
276354 | 986092 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276354 | Ayman al-Zawahiri | Ayman Mohammed Rabie al-Zawahiri (June 19, 1951 – July 31, 2022) was an Egyptian militant who served as the second general emir of al-Qaeda from June 2011 until his death in July 2022. He was the leader of the militant Islamist organization al-Qaeda. Ayman al-Zawahiri was member of Islamist organizations which have organized and carried out attacks in North America, Asia, Africa and the Middle East. In 2012 he called on fellow Muslims to kidnap western tourists in Muslim countries.
Since the September 11 attacks until his death, U.S. State Department offered a US$25 million reward for information leading to al-Zawahiri's arrest. He was under worldwide sanctions by the United Nations Security Council 1267 Committee as a member or affiliate of al-Qaeda. In 1998 Ayman made a religious ruling alongside 3 other scholars encouraging jihad against the US and its allies. Ayman also asked to attack american and ally millitary base.
Early life.
Al-Zawahiri studied medicine in Cairo. He successfully completed his studies in 1974. He worked as a surgeon for three years in the Egyptian army. After that, he worked in a hospital in Cairo. In 1980 and 1981, al-Zawahiri travelled to Pakistan to help the Red Crescent movement. In 1986, he met Osama bin Laden and he became closely associated with him. In 1988, bin Laden would go on to establish the al-Qaeda organization network and al-Zawahiri served as his second-in-command. Both men were based in Afghanistan at this time and al-Zawahiri held a significant sway over the organization's operations abroad.
Al-Zawahiri is the author of several works, including numerous al-Qaeda statements. He spoke Arabic, English, and French.
Death.
Al-Zawahiri was killed on July 31, 2022 shortly after 6:00 AM local time (9:00 PM Eastern Time), in an early-morning drone strike by the Central Intelligence Agency. Since this was a specialized attack, there were no other casualties except al-Zawahiri. Zawahiri was living in a friend's house in Kabul, Afghanistan, which was where the drone struck. He was 71 years old. |
276356 | 209999 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276356 | Cadmium oxide | Cadmium oxide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdO. It has cadmium and oxide ions in it.
Properties.
Cadmium oxide can be a colorless powder, brown powder, or red-brown crystals. All forms dissolve in acid. It is carcinogenic. Breathing the dust is harmful. It is similar in some ways to zinc oxide.
Preparation.
Cadmium oxide is made by burning cadmium in air or reacting an alkali with any soluble cadmium salt.
Uses.
Cadmium oxide is used in electronics as a transparent conductor. It is also used to make pigments (cadmium sulfide), kill nematodes, make nickel cadmium batteries, and electroplating cadmium. |
276357 | 209999 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276357 | Cadmium compounds | |
276360 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276360 | Cadmium bromide | Cadmium bromide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdBr2. It has cadmium and bromide ions in it. The cadmium is in its +2 oxidation state.
Properties.
Cadmium bromide is a very pale yellow solid. It easily dissolves in water. It is quite toxic.
Preparation.
Cadmium bromide is made by reacting cadmium with bromine or by reacting cadmium or its oxide with hydrobromic acid and evaporating the solution in helium.
Uses.
It is used in photography and engraving. |
276361 | 293183 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276361 | Mercury bromide | Mercury bromide can refer to either of these mercury bromides: |
276362 | 9056853 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276362 | Cadmium fluoride | Cadmium fluoride is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdF2. It has cadmium and fluoride ions in it.
Properties.
Cadmium fluoride is a gray solid. It does not dissolve in water very well. It is toxic.
Preparation.
It is made by reacting cadmium with hydrogen fluoride, hydrofluoric acid, or fluorine.
Uses.
Cadmium fluoride is used in organic chemistry, as well as in medicine for fluoride treatment. |
276363 | 511617 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276363 | Cadmium iodide | Cadmium iodide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdI2. It has cadmium and iodide ions in it.
Properties.
Cadmium iodide is a white or pale yellow solid. It is known for its crystal structure. Many other chemical compounds have a cadmium iodide crystal structure. It easily dissolves in water. It is toxic.
Preparation.
It is made by reacting cadmium with iodine. It can also be made by reacting cadmium, or cadmium oxide with hydriodic acid.
Uses.
Cadmium iodide is used to make phosphors (things that light when struck by UV light), photography, and electroplating. |
276364 | 1542442 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276364 | Cadmium sulfide | Cadmium sulfide is a chemical compound. Its chemical formula is CdS. It has cadmium and sulfide ions in it.
Properties.
Cadmium sulfide is a yellow orange solid. It does not dissolve in water. It reacts with hydrochloric acid to make hydrogen sulfide and cadmium chloride. It is used in an odd reaction where cadmium sulfide is sprinkled into a sulfide solution and light is shined on it. It starts making small amounts of hydrogen gas.
Occurrence.
Cadmium sulfide is only found in two rare minerals. It is normally made artificially.
Preparation.
Cadmium sulfide is made several different ways. Cadmium salts, normally the sulfate or the chloride (cadmium chloride), are reacted with hydrogen sulfide to make a bright yellow cadmium sulfide solid. When it is made for pigment, the cadmium sulfide is then washed, heated (to change it into the right form), and ground to a powder. It is then mixed with paint.
Uses.
Cadmium sulfide is used as a yellow pigment. Cadmium yellow is the name of the pigment. If selenide is added during the roasting process (seen above in "preparation" section), it can make an orange or a yellow pigment. Cadmium sulfide is a good pigment because it does not break down easily, is very bright, and does not react with air like other pigments can. It is toxic, though.
It is also used in photoresistors that are sensitive to infrared and red light. Cadmium sulfide is found around some bacteria that reduce sulfate to sulfide. |
276365 | 1477024 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276365 | Kim Yu-sin | Kim Yu-Sin (김유신, 金庾信, 595 – July 673) was a general and politician of the Silla Kingdom in ancient Korea. He belonged to the royal family of Gaya, and served as a soldier of Silla. He conquered the kingdoms of Goguryeo and Baekje. After his death, he was given the title of Heungmu the Great (흥무대왕). |
276367 | 1566408 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276367 | One Sweet Day | "One Sweet Day" is a song by American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey and American R&B boy band Boyz II Men. The song was released on November 14, 1995, as the second single from the former's fifth studio album, "Daydream" (1995) by Columbia Records. The artists co-wrote the song with Walter Afanasieff, who co-produced it with Carey. Lyrically, the song speaks about the death of a loved one and misses them, and finally about seeing the person in heaven. The artists wrote the song about specific people in their lives, being inspired by sufferers of the AIDS epidemic, which was a topic at the time.
Music video.
The music video for "One Sweet Day" was filmed in February 1995, and features snippets of Carey and Boyz II Men in the studio and recording the song. The busy schedule of both Carey and Boyz II Men did not allow time for them to shoot a proper video.
Chart performance.
"One Sweet Day" debuted at number one on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 chart dated December 2, 1995, with sales of 204,000 units. Columbia distributed free copies to stores, where it was sold for as low as 49 cents. It became Carey's tenth number one single on the "Billboard" chart and Boyz II Men's fourth number one. he song remained at the peak for a record-breaking 16 consecutive weeks, from December 2, 1995, to March 16, 1996. It became a record for being the only song to stay at number one on the chart for 16 weeks until 2017, when the record was tied by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito", featuring Justin Bieber. The record would remain until Lil Nas X's "Old Town Road", featuring Billy Ray Cyrus, broke the record in 2019, spending nineteen weeks on top the "Billboard" Hot 100. It still remains the only number one debut to spend sixteen continual weeks at number one.
Credits and personnel.
Credits adapted from the "Daydream" liner notes. |
276372 | 532461 | https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=276372 | Confuciusornis | Confuciusornis is a genus of primitive crow-sized birds from the Lower Cretaceous. It was found in the Yixian and Jiufotang Formations of China, dating from 125 to 120 million years ago. The bird was named after the Chinese moral philosopher Confucius (551–479 BC).
Like modern birds, "Confuciusornis" had a toothless beak, but close relatives of modern birds such as "Hesperornis" and "Ichthyornis" were toothed. This shows that the loss of teeth occurred more than once, in "Confuciusornis" and in ancestors of modern birds. This is an example of convergent evolution.
"Confuciusornis" is the oldest known bird to have a beak. It is also the first known bird to have lost the long tail of "Archaeopteryx" and develop fused tail vertebrae (a pygostyle).
"Confuciusornis" is one of the most abundant vertebrates found in the Yixian Formation, and "several hundred" complete, articulated specimens have been found.
The proportions of the toes suggest that they were used for both walking and perching, while the large claws of the thumb and third finger were probably used for climbing. The head probably had a small crest or tuft.
Flight.
The orientation of the shoulder joint was sideways, instead of angled upward as in modern birds; this means that "Confuciusornis" was unable to lift its wings above its back. Like "Archaeopteryx", it was thus incapable of the upstroke required for flapping flight. This conclusion is not established at present. Peters sees "Confuciusornis" as capable of flapping flight but specialising in soaring flight. The bird's weight has also been debated.
An argument from Gregory Paul noted that "Confuciusornis" is commonly found as large groups in lake bottom sediments with little to no evidence of the bodies being moved after death. It would be highly unusual for gliding animals to be found in such large numbers in deep water. Rather, this evidence suggests that "Confuciusornis" traveled in large flocks over the lake surfaces, a habitat consistent with a flying animal.
Colour.
In early 2010, a group of scientists led by Zhang Fucheng examined fossils with preserved melanosomes (organelles which contain colour pigments). By studying the fossils with an electron microscope, they found melanosomes preserved in a fossil "Confuciusornis" specimen.
The melanosomes where of two types, which indicates that "Confuciusornis" had hues of grey, red/brown and black, possibly something like the modern zebra finch. |
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