Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
349,900 | 350,774 | 16,854,656 | 1,612 | A light emitting device includes a base, a first external terminal, a second external terminal, a plurality of wirings respectively electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal, and a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings. The wirings include a first wiring connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a smallest distance, a second wiring longer than the first wiring, and a third wiring longer than the second wiring. The first, second, and third wirings have a substantially equal electric resistance. At least two of the first, second and third wirings are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width in a region other than the intermediate region. | 1. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance,
the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring having a substantially equal electric resistance; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of wirings such that at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width in a region other than the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first wiring, the second wiring and the third wiring includes a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged and a second region in which none of the light emitting elements is arranged, a thickness in the second region being greater than a thickness in the first region. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first wiring, the second wiring and the third wiring includes a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged and a second region in which none of the light emitting elements is arranged, a width in the second region being greater than a width in the first region. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first external terminal and the second external terminal are generally aligned along an X-axis direction and at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring share a common portion extending along a Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting device includes an electrically insulating member covering at least a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the electrically insulating member covers entire surfaces of the wirings while the first external terminal and the second external terminal are exposed from the electrically insulating member. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the electrically insulating member is colored. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the base includes
a light-guide plate formed with a plurality of first recesses each defined by an upward-facing surface and lateral surfaces, and a plurality of second recesses each defined in a shape different than the first recesses, and
a second covering member disposed in each of the second recesses, the light emitting elements are located respectively in the first recesses of the base, and the wirings are disposed on the second covering member. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the base has a sheet shape. 10. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than a planar dimension and a width, respectively, of the first wiring in a plan view, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than the planar dimension and the width, respectively, of the second wiring in the plan view; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings such that at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with a width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than a width of another region having a substantially same length as the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 10, wherein the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring have a substantially same thickness. 12. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first wiring, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a thickness greater than the thickness of the second wiring; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring have a substantially same width in a plan view. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width at an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width of a region other than the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 15. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of light emitting components each including a light emitting element having a first surface and a pair of electrodes at the first surface side, and a first covering member covering a corresponding one of the light emitting elements except for portions of surfaces of the electrodes to expose the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes; disposing the light emitting components on exposed portions of a light guide plate covered by a second covering member except for the exposed portions, or disposing the light emitting components on a light guide plate and covering the light emitting components and the light guide plate by the second covering member; disposing a metal paste layer continuously covering the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes, the first covering member, and the second covering member; and irradiating a laser light on the metal paste layer to remove a portion of the metal paste layer on the first covering member and the electrodes to form so as not to create short-circuit between the electrodes, wherein the disposing of the metal paste layer includes forming a first external terminal, a second external terminal, and a plurality of wirings each electrically connected to the electrodes of a corresponding one of the light emitting elements, the wirings including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than a planar dimension and a width, respectively, of the first wiring in a plan view, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than the planar dimension and the width, respectively, of the second wiring in the plan view. 16. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of light emitting components each including a light emitting element having a first surface and a pair of electrodes at the first surface side, and a first covering member covering a corresponding one of the light emitting elements except for portions of surfaces of the electrodes to expose the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes; disposing the light emitting components on exposed portions of a light guide plate covered by a second covering member except for the exposed portions, or disposing the light emitting components on a light guide plate and covering the light emitting components and the light guide plate by the second covering member; disposing a metal paste layer continuously covering the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes, the first covering member, and the second covering member; and irradiating a laser light on the metal paste layer to remove a portion of the metal paste layer on the first covering member and the electrodes so as not to create short-circuit between the electrodes, wherein the disposing of the metal paste layer includes forming a first external terminal, a second external terminal, and a plurality of wirings each electrically connected to the electrodes of a corresponding one of the light emitting elements, the wirings including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first wiring, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, and the third wiring having a thickness greater than the thickness of the second wiring. | A light emitting device includes a base, a first external terminal, a second external terminal, a plurality of wirings respectively electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal, and a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings. The wirings include a first wiring connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a smallest distance, a second wiring longer than the first wiring, and a third wiring longer than the second wiring. The first, second, and third wirings have a substantially equal electric resistance. At least two of the first, second and third wirings are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width in a region other than the intermediate region.1. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance,
the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring having a substantially equal electric resistance; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of wirings such that at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width in a region other than the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first wiring, the second wiring and the third wiring includes a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged and a second region in which none of the light emitting elements is arranged, a thickness in the second region being greater than a thickness in the first region. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein each of the first wiring, the second wiring and the third wiring includes a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged and a second region in which none of the light emitting elements is arranged, a width in the second region being greater than a width in the first region. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the first external terminal and the second external terminal are generally aligned along an X-axis direction and at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring share a common portion extending along a Y-axis direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting device includes an electrically insulating member covering at least a first region in which one of the light emitting elements is arranged. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the electrically insulating member covers entire surfaces of the wirings while the first external terminal and the second external terminal are exposed from the electrically insulating member. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 5, wherein the electrically insulating member is colored. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein
the base includes
a light-guide plate formed with a plurality of first recesses each defined by an upward-facing surface and lateral surfaces, and a plurality of second recesses each defined in a shape different than the first recesses, and
a second covering member disposed in each of the second recesses, the light emitting elements are located respectively in the first recesses of the base, and the wirings are disposed on the second covering member. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the base has a sheet shape. 10. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than a planar dimension and a width, respectively, of the first wiring in a plan view, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than the planar dimension and the width, respectively, of the second wiring in the plan view; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings such that at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with a width in an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than a width of another region having a substantially same length as the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 10, wherein the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring have a substantially same thickness. 12. A light emitting device comprising:
a base; a first external terminal disposed on the base; a second external terminal disposed on the base; a plurality of wirings disposed on the base and including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first wiring, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a thickness greater than the thickness of the second wiring; and
a plurality of light emitting elements each electrically connected to a corresponding one of the wirings. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring have a substantially same width in a plan view. 14. The light emitting device according to claim 12, wherein at least two of the first wiring, the second wiring, and the third wiring are each provided with at least two of the light emitting elements with an average width at an intermediate region between adjacent ones of the light emitting elements being smaller than an average width of a region other than the intermediate region and not provided with any of the light emitting elements. 15. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of light emitting components each including a light emitting element having a first surface and a pair of electrodes at the first surface side, and a first covering member covering a corresponding one of the light emitting elements except for portions of surfaces of the electrodes to expose the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes; disposing the light emitting components on exposed portions of a light guide plate covered by a second covering member except for the exposed portions, or disposing the light emitting components on a light guide plate and covering the light emitting components and the light guide plate by the second covering member; disposing a metal paste layer continuously covering the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes, the first covering member, and the second covering member; and irradiating a laser light on the metal paste layer to remove a portion of the metal paste layer on the first covering member and the electrodes to form so as not to create short-circuit between the electrodes, wherein the disposing of the metal paste layer includes forming a first external terminal, a second external terminal, and a plurality of wirings each electrically connected to the electrodes of a corresponding one of the light emitting elements, the wirings including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than a planar dimension and a width, respectively, of the first wiring in a plan view, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, the third wiring having a planar dimension and a width greater than the planar dimension and the width, respectively, of the second wiring in the plan view. 16. A method of manufacturing a light emitting device, the method comprising:
providing a plurality of light emitting components each including a light emitting element having a first surface and a pair of electrodes at the first surface side, and a first covering member covering a corresponding one of the light emitting elements except for portions of surfaces of the electrodes to expose the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes; disposing the light emitting components on exposed portions of a light guide plate covered by a second covering member except for the exposed portions, or disposing the light emitting components on a light guide plate and covering the light emitting components and the light guide plate by the second covering member; disposing a metal paste layer continuously covering the portions of the surfaces of the electrodes, the first covering member, and the second covering member; and irradiating a laser light on the metal paste layer to remove a portion of the metal paste layer on the first covering member and the electrodes so as not to create short-circuit between the electrodes, wherein the disposing of the metal paste layer includes forming a first external terminal, a second external terminal, and a plurality of wirings each electrically connected to the electrodes of a corresponding one of the light emitting elements, the wirings including
a first wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a first distance,
a second wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a second distance greater than the first distance, the second wiring having a thickness greater than a thickness of the first wiring, and
a third wiring electrically connecting the first external terminal and the second external terminal at a third distance greater than the second distance, and the third wiring having a thickness greater than the thickness of the second wiring. | 1,600 |
349,901 | 350,775 | 16,854,652 | 1,612 | The invention introduces a method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side, at least including: in response to different types of host IO commands, using multiple stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. | 1. A method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side, comprising:
in response to different types of host IO commands, using a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing unit uses an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the method comprising:
in the set ready stage, setting a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and in the set ready stage, conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, the method comprising:
in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stages comprise a response handle stage, the method comprising:
in the response handle stage subsequent to a transmission completion for user data by the DMA controller, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the stages comprise a write path and a read path, the write path is used to receive user data that will be programmed into the storage unit from the host side for responding to a host write command, and the read path is used to transmit user data that is read from the storage unit to the host side for responding to a host read command. 8. A non-transitory computer program product for executing host input-output (TO) commands when executed by a processing unit of a device side, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in response to different types of host IO commands, use a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 9. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 10. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 9, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in the set ready stage, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and in the set ready stage, conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 11. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 10, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 12. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the stages comprise a write path and a read path, the write path is used to receive user data that will be programmed into the storage unit from the host side for responding to a host write command, and the read path is used to transmit user data that is read from the storage unit to the host side for responding to a host read command. 13. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the processing unit uses an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 14. An apparatus for executing host input-output (IO) commands, comprising:
a frontend interface, coupled to a host side; and a processing unit, coupled to the frontend interface, arranged to operably, in response to different types of host IO commands, use a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with the host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing unit is arranged to operably use an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:
a backend interface, coupled to the processing unit and the storage unit. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the host TO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the apparatus to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the apparatus to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the apparatus to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the apparatus to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the apparatus to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the set ready stage, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready, and conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the stages comprise a response handle stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the response handle stage subsequent to a transmission completion for user data by the DMA controller, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. | The invention introduces a method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side, at least including: in response to different types of host IO commands, using multiple stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side.1. A method for executing host input-output (IO) commands, performed by a processing unit of a device side, comprising:
in response to different types of host IO commands, using a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing unit uses an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the method comprising:
in the set ready stage, setting a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and in the set ready stage, conducting no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, the method comprising:
in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, triggering a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, triggering the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspecting a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the stages comprise a response handle stage, the method comprising:
in the response handle stage subsequent to a transmission completion for user data by the DMA controller, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, driving the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the stages comprise a write path and a read path, the write path is used to receive user data that will be programmed into the storage unit from the host side for responding to a host write command, and the read path is used to transmit user data that is read from the storage unit to the host side for responding to a host read command. 8. A non-transitory computer program product for executing host input-output (TO) commands when executed by a processing unit of a device side, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in response to different types of host IO commands, use a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with a host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 9. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the host IO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the device side to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the device side to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the device side to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the device side to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the device side to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 10. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 9, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in the set ready stage, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready; and in the set ready stage, conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 11. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 10, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, the non-transitory computer program product comprising program code to:
in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 12. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the stages comprise a write path and a read path, the write path is used to receive user data that will be programmed into the storage unit from the host side for responding to a host write command, and the read path is used to transmit user data that is read from the storage unit to the host side for responding to a host read command. 13. The non-transitory computer program product of claim 8, wherein the processing unit uses an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 14. An apparatus for executing host input-output (IO) commands, comprising:
a frontend interface, coupled to a host side; and a processing unit, coupled to the frontend interface, arranged to operably, in response to different types of host IO commands, use a plurality of stages of a generic framework to drive a frontend interface to interact with the host side for transmitting user data read from a storage unit to the host side, and receiving user data to be programmed into the storage unit from the host side. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the processing unit is arranged to operably use an Embedded Multi-Media Card (eMMC) protocol to communicate with the host side through the frontend interface. 16. The apparatus of claim 14, comprising:
a backend interface, coupled to the processing unit and the storage unit. 17. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the host TO commands comprise a simple write command, a simple read command, a package-write command, a package-read command, and a command queue, the simple write command instructs the apparatus to write user data of one or more logical block addresses (LBAs), the simple read command instructs the apparatus to read user data of one or more LBAS, the package-write command instructs the apparatus to write a plurality of packs of user data, the package-read command instructs the apparatus to read a plurality of packs of user data, each pack of user data is associated with one or more LBAs, an execution order for the packs of the package-write command or the package-read command cannot be altered, the command queue comprises a plurality of tasks, and each task instructs the apparatus to read or write user data of one or more LBAs. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the stages comprise a set ready stage, the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the set ready stage, set a bit of a queue state register of the frontend interface for the command queue to indicate a corresponding task of the command queue is ready, and conduct no activity relevant to the frontend interface for each of the simple write command, the simple read command, the package-write command and the package-read command. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the frontend interface comprises a command line and a plurality of data lines connected to the host side, the stages comprise a prepare handle stage, a send data triggering stage, a send data waiting stage, a get data triggering stage and a get data waiting stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the prepare handle stage, for responding to the simple write command, the simple read command, a pack of the package-write command or the package-read command, or a task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a series of preparation operations, and release the data line after a completion of the preparation operations; in the send data triggering stage, for responding to the simple read command, a pack of the package-read command, or a read task of the command queue, trigger a direct memory access (DMA) controller of the frontend interface to start a transmission of user data to the host side on the data lines; in the send data waiting stage, for responding to the simple read command, the pack of the package-read command, or the read task of the command queue, periodically inspect a transmission counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has transmitted user data completely; in the get data triggering stage, for responding to the simple write command, a pack of the package-write command, or a write task of the command queue, trigger the DMA controller of the frontend interface to start a reception of user data from the host side on the data lines; and in the get data waiting stage, for responding to the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, periodically inspect a reception counter of the frontend interface to determine whether the DMA controller has received user data completely. 20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the stages comprise a response handle stage, and the processing unit is arranged to operably, in the response handle stage subsequent to a transmission completion for user data by the DMA controller, for responding the simple write command, the pack of the package-write command, or the write task of the command queue, drive the frontend interface to pull one data line low for a time period for performing a programming operation, and release the data line after a completion of the programming operation. | 1,600 |
349,902 | 350,776 | 16,854,628 | 1,612 | A method for displaying media information includes: receiving a media information request sent by an originating client, where the media information request carries media information and destination client information; parsing the received media information to obtain text information corresponding to the media information; synthesizing information related to the media information with information related to the text information to obtain composite information; and sending the composite information to a destination client according to the destination client information, so that the destination client obtains the media information and the text information according to the composite information and displays the media information and the text information. | 1. A method for communication between users of a group chat application, comprising:
invoking, by a terminal, the group chat application; displaying, by the terminal, a user interface of the group chat application, wherein the displayed user interface includes user interface elements corresponding to an audio message exchanged between a user of the terminal and one or more other users, and wherein the user interface elements comprise a visual representation of speech information and a switching function control; receiving, by the terminal, a first user input corresponding to the switching function control; in response to the first user input, modifying, by the terminal, the displayed user interface of the group chat application to further display feature information with the visual representation of the speech information, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal, a second user input corresponding to the switching function control; and in response to the second user input, modifying, by the terminal, the displayed user interface of the group chat application to cease display of the feature information. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal, an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information from a server. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the speech information is displayed with an identification of an originating client corresponding to the speech information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a selection of the visual representation results in the speech information being played at the terminal. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feature information overlaps with the visual representation of the speech information on the modified displayed user interface of the group chat application. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having processor-executable instructions stored thereon for facilitating communication between users of a group chat application, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, facilitate:
invoking the group chat application; displaying a user interface of the group chat application, wherein the displayed user interface includes user interface elements corresponding to an audio message exchanged between a user and one or more other users, and wherein the user interface elements comprise a visual representation of speech information and a switching function control; receiving a first user input corresponding to the switching function control; in response to the first user input, modifying the displayed user interface of the group chat application to further display feature information with the visual representation of the speech information, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, further facilitate:
receiving a second user input corresponding to the switching function control; and in response to the second user input, modifying the displayed user interface of the group chat application to cease display of the feature information. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, further facilitate:
receiving an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information from a server. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the speech information is displayed with an identification of an originating client corresponding to the speech information. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein a selection of the visual representation results in the speech information being played at the terminal. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the feature information overlaps with the visual representation of the speech information on the modified displayed user interface of the group chat application. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. 15. A server, comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having processor-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, facilitate:
receiving, by the server, speech information from a first terminal via a group chat application as executed by the first terminal, wherein the speech information is recorded by a first user of the first terminal; processing, by the server, the speech information; and sending, by the server, feature information corresponding to the speech information to a second terminal to facilitate the second terminal displaying a visual representation of the speech information with the feature information via the group chat application as executed by the second terminal, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 16. The server according to claim 15, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further facilitate:
determining the feature information corresponding to the speech information. 17. The server according to claim 15, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further facilitate:
sending, by the server, the speech information to the second terminal. 18. The server according to claim 17, wherein sending the speech information to the second terminal is in response to a request from the second terminal. 19. The server according to claim 17, wherein sending the speech information to the second terminal comprises sending an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information to the second terminal. 20. The server according to claim 15, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. | A method for displaying media information includes: receiving a media information request sent by an originating client, where the media information request carries media information and destination client information; parsing the received media information to obtain text information corresponding to the media information; synthesizing information related to the media information with information related to the text information to obtain composite information; and sending the composite information to a destination client according to the destination client information, so that the destination client obtains the media information and the text information according to the composite information and displays the media information and the text information.1. A method for communication between users of a group chat application, comprising:
invoking, by a terminal, the group chat application; displaying, by the terminal, a user interface of the group chat application, wherein the displayed user interface includes user interface elements corresponding to an audio message exchanged between a user of the terminal and one or more other users, and wherein the user interface elements comprise a visual representation of speech information and a switching function control; receiving, by the terminal, a first user input corresponding to the switching function control; in response to the first user input, modifying, by the terminal, the displayed user interface of the group chat application to further display feature information with the visual representation of the speech information, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal, a second user input corresponding to the switching function control; and in response to the second user input, modifying, by the terminal, the displayed user interface of the group chat application to cease display of the feature information. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
receiving, by the terminal, an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information from a server. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the speech information is displayed with an identification of an originating client corresponding to the speech information. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein a selection of the visual representation results in the speech information being played at the terminal. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the feature information overlaps with the visual representation of the speech information on the modified displayed user interface of the group chat application. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. 8. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having processor-executable instructions stored thereon for facilitating communication between users of a group chat application, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, facilitate:
invoking the group chat application; displaying a user interface of the group chat application, wherein the displayed user interface includes user interface elements corresponding to an audio message exchanged between a user and one or more other users, and wherein the user interface elements comprise a visual representation of speech information and a switching function control; receiving a first user input corresponding to the switching function control; in response to the first user input, modifying the displayed user interface of the group chat application to further display feature information with the visual representation of the speech information, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 9. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, further facilitate:
receiving a second user input corresponding to the switching function control; and in response to the second user input, modifying the displayed user interface of the group chat application to cease display of the feature information. 10. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, further facilitate:
receiving an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information from a server. 11. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the speech information is displayed with an identification of an originating client corresponding to the speech information. 12. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein a selection of the visual representation results in the speech information being played at the terminal. 13. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the feature information overlaps with the visual representation of the speech information on the modified displayed user interface of the group chat application. 14. The non-transitory computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. 15. A server, comprising a processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having processor-executable instructions stored thereon, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, facilitate:
receiving, by the server, speech information from a first terminal via a group chat application as executed by the first terminal, wherein the speech information is recorded by a first user of the first terminal; processing, by the server, the speech information; and sending, by the server, feature information corresponding to the speech information to a second terminal to facilitate the second terminal displaying a visual representation of the speech information with the feature information via the group chat application as executed by the second terminal, wherein the feature information comprises an expression of a user mood. 16. The server according to claim 15, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further facilitate:
determining the feature information corresponding to the speech information. 17. The server according to claim 15, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed by the processor, further facilitate:
sending, by the server, the speech information to the second terminal. 18. The server according to claim 17, wherein sending the speech information to the second terminal is in response to a request from the second terminal. 19. The server according to claim 17, wherein sending the speech information to the second terminal comprises sending an audio bit stream corresponding to the speech information to the second terminal. 20. The server according to claim 15, wherein the group chat application facilitates exchange of audio messages between more than two users. | 1,600 |
349,903 | 350,777 | 16,854,712 | 1,763 | A method for manufacturing a graphene plastic film includes the steps of providing plastic particles and graphene powder, mixing the plastic particles with the graphene powder in a weight ratio not greater than 2% to form a mixed material, heating the mixed material to form a melted material (100), pressing the melted material (100) to form a graphene plastic sheet (210), and radially stretching a periphery of the graphene plastic sheet (210) to expand and thin the graphene plastic sheet (210) to form a graphene plastic film (220). By adding graphene to the mixed material, physical properties of the graphene plastic film (220) can be enhanced. In comparison with the current technology, it is easier to be manufactured and wider to be applied. | 1. A method for manufacturing a graphene plastic film, comprising:
a) providing plastic particles and graphene powder; b) mixing the plastic particles with the graphene powder in a weight ratio not greater than 2% to form a mixed material; c) heating the mixed material to form a melted material (100); d) pressing the melted material (100) to form a graphene plastic sheet (210); and e) radially stretching a periphery of the graphene plastic sheet (210) to expand and thin the graphene plastic sheet (210) to form a graphene plastic film (220). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the graphene powder in the mixed material is between 500 and 1500 ppm. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene powder comprises graphene micro-chips (101), and the graphene micro-chips (101) in the melted material (100) are connected by side chains (102) of graphene molecule to expand. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the side chain (102) is polyamide (PA). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein each of at least 95% weight of the graphene micro-chips (101) is less than 45 μm in diameter. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the graphene micro-chips (101) which are connected and expanded are laminatedly distributed in the graphene plastic film (220). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the melted material (100) comprises a plastic carrier (110) formed by the plastic particles which are melted, and the graphene micro-chips (101) are mixed into the plastic carrier (110). 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of:
f) placing the graphene plastic film (220) in a mold for molding. 9. A graphene plastic film (200) comprising:
a plastic carrier (110), being of a shape of film; and graphene micro-chips (101), connected with each other to extend and laminatedly distributed in the plastic carrier (110). 10. The graphene plastic film (200) of claim 9, wherein the graphene micro-chips (101) are laminated with less than 10 layers. | A method for manufacturing a graphene plastic film includes the steps of providing plastic particles and graphene powder, mixing the plastic particles with the graphene powder in a weight ratio not greater than 2% to form a mixed material, heating the mixed material to form a melted material (100), pressing the melted material (100) to form a graphene plastic sheet (210), and radially stretching a periphery of the graphene plastic sheet (210) to expand and thin the graphene plastic sheet (210) to form a graphene plastic film (220). By adding graphene to the mixed material, physical properties of the graphene plastic film (220) can be enhanced. In comparison with the current technology, it is easier to be manufactured and wider to be applied.1. A method for manufacturing a graphene plastic film, comprising:
a) providing plastic particles and graphene powder; b) mixing the plastic particles with the graphene powder in a weight ratio not greater than 2% to form a mixed material; c) heating the mixed material to form a melted material (100); d) pressing the melted material (100) to form a graphene plastic sheet (210); and e) radially stretching a periphery of the graphene plastic sheet (210) to expand and thin the graphene plastic sheet (210) to form a graphene plastic film (220). 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a weight ratio of the graphene powder in the mixed material is between 500 and 1500 ppm. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the graphene powder comprises graphene micro-chips (101), and the graphene micro-chips (101) in the melted material (100) are connected by side chains (102) of graphene molecule to expand. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the side chain (102) is polyamide (PA). 5. The method of claim 3, wherein each of at least 95% weight of the graphene micro-chips (101) is less than 45 μm in diameter. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the graphene micro-chips (101) which are connected and expanded are laminatedly distributed in the graphene plastic film (220). 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the melted material (100) comprises a plastic carrier (110) formed by the plastic particles which are melted, and the graphene micro-chips (101) are mixed into the plastic carrier (110). 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising a step of:
f) placing the graphene plastic film (220) in a mold for molding. 9. A graphene plastic film (200) comprising:
a plastic carrier (110), being of a shape of film; and graphene micro-chips (101), connected with each other to extend and laminatedly distributed in the plastic carrier (110). 10. The graphene plastic film (200) of claim 9, wherein the graphene micro-chips (101) are laminated with less than 10 layers. | 1,700 |
349,904 | 350,778 | 16,854,700 | 1,763 | Systems and methods for using a filtration medium coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte to treat slop water recovered. In some embodiments, the systems include: a treatment unit including an inlet for receiving a slop water stream into the treatment unit, a first filtration medium including a porous substrate at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the first filtration medium is disposed to separate a first portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit from a second portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream includes water, a first outlet on a first side of the first filtration medium, and a second outlet on a second side of the first filtration medium opposite the first side. | 1. A fluid treatment system for treating slop water, the fluid treatment system comprising:
a treatment unit, comprising:
an inlet for receiving a slop water stream into the treatment unit;
a first filtration medium comprising a particulate pack at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the first filtration medium is disposed to separate a first portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit from a second portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream comprises water;
a first outlet on a first side of the first filtration medium; and
a second outlet on a second side of the first filtration medium opposite the first side. 2. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one zwitterionic polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), poly(sulfobetaineacrylamide) (PSBAAm), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA), poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (PCBAA), poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA), poly (3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (PVBIPS), and any combination thereof. 3. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte is poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). 4. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit is configured to maintain a pressure differential of about 1 psi to about 25 psi across the filtration medium. 5. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a second filtration medium within the treatment unit. 6. The fluid treatment system of claim 5, wherein the second filtration medium comprises a porous substrate at least partially coated with a graphene oxide. 7. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the particulate pack comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic material, a sand, and any combination thereof. 8. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, further comprising at least one pretreatment component comprising:
an inlet configured to receive slop water into the pretreatment component; an outlet connected to the inlet of the treatment unit unit; and one or more of a centrifuge and a solids filter. 9. The fluid treatment system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pretreatment component comprises a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. 10. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a stirring or agitation device. 11. A method for treating slop water recovered from wellbore operations, comprising:
receiving a slop water stream in a treatment unit via an inlet of the treatment unit; contacting the slop water stream with a first filtration medium of the treatment unit, the first filtration medium comprising a particulate pack at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte; separating a first portion of the slop water stream from a second portion of the slop water stream via the first filtration medium, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream comprises water; discharging the first portion of the slop water stream via a first outlet of the treatment unit; and discharging the second portion of the slop water stream via a second outlet of the treatment unit. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising performing a pretreatment step on the slop water stream, wherein the pretreatment step comprises:
receiving a quantity of slop water recovered from a well;
pretreating the slop water recovered from the well using at least one pretreatment unit to form a pretreated slop water stream; and
discharging the pretreated slop water stream into the treatment unit. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one zwitterionic polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), poly(sulfobetaineacrylamide) (PSBAAm), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA), poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (PCBAA), poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA), poly (3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (PVBIPS), and any combination thereof. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
providing self-cleaning of the first filtration medium; and displacing oil contamination on the first filtration medium in a dry state upon contact with water. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the treatment unit is configured to maintain a pressure differential of about 1 psi to about 25 psi across the filtration medium. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the particulate pack comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic material, a sand, and any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
separating a third portion of the slop water stream from the first and second portions of the slop water stream via a second filtration medium within the treatment unit, wherein the second filtration medium separates salts from the slop water stream, wherein the second portion comprises oil and the third portion comprises salt. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein pretreating the slop water comprises removing oil and solid waste from the slop water stream via a centrifuge, a solids filter, or both. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein pretreating the slop water comprises removing oil and solid waste from the slop water stream via a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a stirring or agitation device. | Systems and methods for using a filtration medium coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte to treat slop water recovered. In some embodiments, the systems include: a treatment unit including an inlet for receiving a slop water stream into the treatment unit, a first filtration medium including a porous substrate at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the first filtration medium is disposed to separate a first portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit from a second portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream includes water, a first outlet on a first side of the first filtration medium, and a second outlet on a second side of the first filtration medium opposite the first side.1. A fluid treatment system for treating slop water, the fluid treatment system comprising:
a treatment unit, comprising:
an inlet for receiving a slop water stream into the treatment unit;
a first filtration medium comprising a particulate pack at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte, wherein the first filtration medium is disposed to separate a first portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit from a second portion of the slop water stream in the treatment unit, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream comprises water;
a first outlet on a first side of the first filtration medium; and
a second outlet on a second side of the first filtration medium opposite the first side. 2. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one zwitterionic polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), poly(sulfobetaineacrylamide) (PSBAAm), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA), poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (PCBAA), poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA), poly (3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (PVBIPS), and any combination thereof. 3. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte is poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC). 4. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit is configured to maintain a pressure differential of about 1 psi to about 25 psi across the filtration medium. 5. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a second filtration medium within the treatment unit. 6. The fluid treatment system of claim 5, wherein the second filtration medium comprises a porous substrate at least partially coated with a graphene oxide. 7. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the particulate pack comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic material, a sand, and any combination thereof. 8. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, further comprising at least one pretreatment component comprising:
an inlet configured to receive slop water into the pretreatment component; an outlet connected to the inlet of the treatment unit unit; and one or more of a centrifuge and a solids filter. 9. The fluid treatment system of claim 8, wherein the at least one pretreatment component comprises a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. 10. The fluid treatment system of claim 1, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a stirring or agitation device. 11. A method for treating slop water recovered from wellbore operations, comprising:
receiving a slop water stream in a treatment unit via an inlet of the treatment unit; contacting the slop water stream with a first filtration medium of the treatment unit, the first filtration medium comprising a particulate pack at least partially coated with a zwitterionic polyelectrolyte; separating a first portion of the slop water stream from a second portion of the slop water stream via the first filtration medium, wherein the first portion of the slop water stream comprises water; discharging the first portion of the slop water stream via a first outlet of the treatment unit; and discharging the second portion of the slop water stream via a second outlet of the treatment unit. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprising performing a pretreatment step on the slop water stream, wherein the pretreatment step comprises:
receiving a quantity of slop water recovered from a well;
pretreating the slop water recovered from the well using at least one pretreatment unit to form a pretreated slop water stream; and
discharging the pretreated slop water stream into the treatment unit. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the zwitterionic polyelectrolyte comprises at least one zwitterionic polyelectrolyte selected from the group consisting of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), poly(sulfobetaineacrylamide) (PSBAAm), poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA), poly(carboxybetaine acrylamide) (PCBAA), poly[oligo(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate] (POEGMA), poly (3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (PVBIPS), and any combination thereof. 14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
providing self-cleaning of the first filtration medium; and displacing oil contamination on the first filtration medium in a dry state upon contact with water. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the treatment unit is configured to maintain a pressure differential of about 1 psi to about 25 psi across the filtration medium. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the particulate pack comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a metal, a ceramic material, a sand, and any combination thereof. 17. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
separating a third portion of the slop water stream from the first and second portions of the slop water stream via a second filtration medium within the treatment unit, wherein the second filtration medium separates salts from the slop water stream, wherein the second portion comprises oil and the third portion comprises salt. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein pretreating the slop water comprises removing oil and solid waste from the slop water stream via a centrifuge, a solids filter, or both. 19. The method of claim 12, wherein pretreating the slop water comprises removing oil and solid waste from the slop water stream via a dissolved air flotation (DAF) unit. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the treatment unit further comprises a stirring or agitation device. | 1,700 |
349,905 | 350,779 | 16,854,708 | 1,763 | In a case where a predetermined sheet size is selected by a user from a plurality of sheet sizes displayed on a display, an image larger than the predetermined size is printed. In a case where a sheet size is input by the user in an input screen displayed on the display, an image having a size corresponding to the input sheet size is printed. | 1. A method comprising:
displaying, as first displaying, a plurality of sheet sizes on a display; displaying, as second displaying, an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display; transmitting, by an information processing apparatus to a printing apparatus, print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed in the first displaying and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed in the second displaying; and printing an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of a sheet, the method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from among the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, an image larger than the predetermined sheet size is printed, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, also in a case where sheet size information corresponding to a sheet size that is included in the plurality of sheet sizes and is different from the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein, in the first displaying, a plurality of display items corresponding to the plurality of sheet sizes, and a predetermined display item are displayed, and wherein, in a case where the predetermined display item is selected by the user, in the second displaying, the input screen is displayed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the first displaying, a list that includes the plurality of display items and the predetermined display item is displayed. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen corresponds to the predetermined sheet size, in the printing, an image larger than the predetermined sheet size is printed, based on the print data. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus transmits, to the printing apparatus, the print data, the sheet size information, and custom information that represents whether a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information has been input in the input screen, and wherein the printing apparatus prints an image based on the print data by a printing method that is changed based on the sheet size information and the custom information. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information does not correspond to the predetermined sheet size and the custom information represents that a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information has been input in the input screen, the printing apparatus prints the image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet based on the sheet size information,
wherein the printing apparatus prints an image based on the print data by the determined printing method. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising generating print data,
wherein the information processing apparatus transmits the generated print data. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the printing apparatus changes a magnification of the print data based on the transmitted sheet size information, and prints an image based on the print data the magnification of which has been changed. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the information processing apparatus generates print data larger than a sheet size corresponding to the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the predetermined sheet size is transmitted in the transmitting, the printing apparatus does not change the magnification of the print data in the printing, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted in the transmitting, the printing apparatus reduces the print data in size in the printing, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing apparatus reduces the print data in size in the printing. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the information processing apparatus generates print data of a sheet size corresponding to the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, the printing apparatus enlarges the print data in the printing, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing apparatus does not change the magnification of the print data. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the image is printed, with a margin, on a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information. 14. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the printing apparatus prints the image on roll paper, and wherein the plurality of sheet sizes is a plurality of roll paper widths of the roll paper, and the input screen is a screen for inputting a roll paper width. 15. The method according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where printing to an edge of the sheet has been set in the information processing apparatus, printing in the printing is performed, and wherein, in a case where printing to an edge of the sheet has not been set in the information processing apparatus, the printing apparatus performs printing so as to provide, on the sheet, a margin larger than a margin for a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted. 16. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the information processing apparatus further transmits, to the printing apparatus, setting information representing whether printing to an edge of the sheet has been set in the information processing apparatus, and wherein, in a case where the transmitted setting information represents printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing apparatus performs the printing in the printing. 17. A system including an information processing apparatus and a printing apparatus that prints an image on a sheet,
wherein the information processing apparatus comprises
a first display unit configured to display a plurality of sheet sizes on a display,
a second display unit configured to display an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display, and
a transmission unit configured to transmit, to the printing apparatus, print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed by the first display unit and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed by the second display unit,
wherein the printing apparatus comprises a printing unit configured to print an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image larger than the predetermined sheet size, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 18. An apparatus that communicates with an information processing apparatus and prints an image on a sheet, the information processing apparatus comprising a first display unit configured to display a plurality of sheet sizes on a display, a second display unit configured to display an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display, and a transmission unit configured to transmit print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed by the first display unit and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed by the second display unit, the printing apparatus comprising a printing unit configured to print an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information,
wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image larger than the predetermined sheet size, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein, in a case where sheet size information corresponding to a sheet size that is included in the plurality of sheet sizes and is different from the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein a plurality of display items corresponding to the plurality of sheet sizes, and a predetermined display item are displayed in the first display unit, and wherein, in a case where the predetermined display item is selected by the user, the input screen is displayed in the second display unit. | In a case where a predetermined sheet size is selected by a user from a plurality of sheet sizes displayed on a display, an image larger than the predetermined size is printed. In a case where a sheet size is input by the user in an input screen displayed on the display, an image having a size corresponding to the input sheet size is printed.1. A method comprising:
displaying, as first displaying, a plurality of sheet sizes on a display; displaying, as second displaying, an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display; transmitting, by an information processing apparatus to a printing apparatus, print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed in the first displaying and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed in the second displaying; and printing an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of a sheet, the method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from among the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, an image larger than the predetermined sheet size is printed, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, also in a case where sheet size information corresponding to a sheet size that is included in the plurality of sheet sizes and is different from the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 3. The method according to claim 1,
wherein, in the first displaying, a plurality of display items corresponding to the plurality of sheet sizes, and a predetermined display item are displayed, and wherein, in a case where the predetermined display item is selected by the user, in the second displaying, the input screen is displayed. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the first displaying, a list that includes the plurality of display items and the predetermined display item is displayed. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen corresponds to the predetermined sheet size, in the printing, an image larger than the predetermined sheet size is printed, based on the print data. 6. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the information processing apparatus transmits, to the printing apparatus, the print data, the sheet size information, and custom information that represents whether a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information has been input in the input screen, and wherein the printing apparatus prints an image based on the print data by a printing method that is changed based on the sheet size information and the custom information. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information does not correspond to the predetermined sheet size and the custom information represents that a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information has been input in the input screen, the printing apparatus prints the image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising determining a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet based on the sheet size information,
wherein the printing apparatus prints an image based on the print data by the determined printing method. 9. The method according to claim 1, further comprising generating print data,
wherein the information processing apparatus transmits the generated print data. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the printing apparatus changes a magnification of the print data based on the transmitted sheet size information, and prints an image based on the print data the magnification of which has been changed. 11. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the information processing apparatus generates print data larger than a sheet size corresponding to the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the predetermined sheet size is transmitted in the transmitting, the printing apparatus does not change the magnification of the print data in the printing, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted in the transmitting, the printing apparatus reduces the print data in size in the printing, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing apparatus reduces the print data in size in the printing. 12. The method according to claim 10,
wherein the information processing apparatus generates print data of a sheet size corresponding to the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, the printing apparatus enlarges the print data in the printing, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing apparatus does not change the magnification of the print data. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the image is printed, with a margin, on a sheet size corresponding to the sheet size information. 14. The method according to claim 1,
wherein the printing apparatus prints the image on roll paper, and wherein the plurality of sheet sizes is a plurality of roll paper widths of the roll paper, and the input screen is a screen for inputting a roll paper width. 15. The method according to claim 1,
wherein, in a case where printing to an edge of the sheet has been set in the information processing apparatus, printing in the printing is performed, and wherein, in a case where printing to an edge of the sheet has not been set in the information processing apparatus, the printing apparatus performs printing so as to provide, on the sheet, a margin larger than a margin for a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted. 16. The method according to claim 15,
wherein the information processing apparatus further transmits, to the printing apparatus, setting information representing whether printing to an edge of the sheet has been set in the information processing apparatus, and wherein, in a case where the transmitted setting information represents printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing apparatus performs the printing in the printing. 17. A system including an information processing apparatus and a printing apparatus that prints an image on a sheet,
wherein the information processing apparatus comprises
a first display unit configured to display a plurality of sheet sizes on a display,
a second display unit configured to display an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display, and
a transmission unit configured to transmit, to the printing apparatus, print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed by the first display unit and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed by the second display unit,
wherein the printing apparatus comprises a printing unit configured to print an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information, wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image larger than the predetermined sheet size, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 18. An apparatus that communicates with an information processing apparatus and prints an image on a sheet, the information processing apparatus comprising a first display unit configured to display a plurality of sheet sizes on a display, a second display unit configured to display an input screen for inputting a sheet size, on the display, and a transmission unit configured to transmit print data and either one of sheet size information about a sheet size selected by a user from among the plurality of sheet sizes displayed by the first display unit and sheet size information about a sheet size input in the input screen displayed by the second display unit, the printing apparatus comprising a printing unit configured to print an image based on the transmitted print data, by a printing method for printing to an edge of the sheet, the printing method being changed based on the transmitted sheet size information,
wherein, in a case where sheet size information about a predetermined sheet size selected from the plurality of sheet sizes is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image larger than the predetermined sheet size, based on the print data, and wherein, in a case where the sheet size information about the sheet size input in the input screen is transmitted, the printing unit prints an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information, based on the print data. 19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein, in a case where sheet size information corresponding to a sheet size that is included in the plurality of sheet sizes and is different from the predetermined sheet size is transmitted, an image having a size corresponding to the sheet size information is printed, based on the print data. 20. The apparatus according to claim 18,
wherein a plurality of display items corresponding to the plurality of sheet sizes, and a predetermined display item are displayed in the first display unit, and wherein, in a case where the predetermined display item is selected by the user, the input screen is displayed in the second display unit. | 1,700 |
349,906 | 350,780 | 16,854,711 | 1,763 | A plurality of communication stations transmit a plurality of modulated signals so that data is efficiently transmitted from a network through negotiation by a communication terminal capable of transmitting and receiving modulated signals of a plurality of wireless communication schemes with a proxy server present on a network. The communication terminal receives a plurality of modulated signals to obtain data. Thus, the efficiency of frequency utilization is improved. | 1. A terminal apparatus comprising:
a transmitter which, in operation, transmits to a proxy server link information related to M individual networks via one of the M individual networks and transmits a transmission request for content via one of the M individual networks, M being an integer that is 2 or more, each of the M individual networks including corresponding one of M communication stations with which the terminal apparatus has established links, wherein the M communication stations employ different communication schemes from each other; a receiver which, in operation, receives body data of the content via a first network and a second network different from the first network, wherein the body data is distributed by the proxy server on a packet-by-packet basis to one of the first network and the second network among L individual networks selected by the proxy server based on the transmitted link information, L being an integer from 2 to M inclusive, and performs reception processing on the body data; and a received data analyzer which, in operation, combines data after the reception processing to obtain the content. 2. The terminal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein selection of the L individual networks is made by a host network located upstream of the M individual networks. 3. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the data related to the content is distributed to the L individual networks by the host network, and the receiver receives via the L individual networks the data related to the content transmitted in accordance with respective communication schemes that differ per individual network. 4. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an error correction coding scheme to be applied to the body data of the content is determined by the host network. 5. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
prior to transmitting the link information, the transmitter transmits access information related to N communication stations that the terminal apparatus can connect to, N being an integer equal to or larger than M, and the access information is registered to the host network. 6. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the L individual networks selected based on the link information are dynamically configured by the host network. 7. A communication method comprising:
transmitting to a proxy server link information related to M individual networks via one of the individual networks and transmitting a transmission request for content via one of the M individual networks, M being an integer that is 2 or more, each of the M individual networks including corresponding one of M communication stations with which the terminal apparatus has established links, wherein the M communication stations employ different communication schemes from each other; receiving an information packet for body data of the content via a first network and a second network different from the first network, wherein the body data are distributed by the proxy server on a packet-by-packet basis to one of the first network and the second network among L individual networks selected by the proxy server based on the transmitted link information, L being an integer from 2 to M inclusive, and performing reception processing on the body data; and combining data after the reception processing to obtain the content. 8. The communication method according to claim 7, wherein selection of the L individual networks is made by a host network located upstream of the M individual networks. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein
the data related to the content is distributed to the L individual networks by the host network, and the communication method comprising: receiving the data related to the content transmitted in accordance with respective communication schemes that differ per individual network. 10. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein an error correction coding scheme to be applied to the body data of the content is determined by the host network. 11. The communication method according to claim 8, comprising
prior to transmitting the link information, transmitting access information related to N communication stations that the terminal apparatus can connect to, N being an integer equal to or larger than M, and registering the access information to the host network. 12. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the L individual networks selected based on the link information are dynamically configured by the host network. | A plurality of communication stations transmit a plurality of modulated signals so that data is efficiently transmitted from a network through negotiation by a communication terminal capable of transmitting and receiving modulated signals of a plurality of wireless communication schemes with a proxy server present on a network. The communication terminal receives a plurality of modulated signals to obtain data. Thus, the efficiency of frequency utilization is improved.1. A terminal apparatus comprising:
a transmitter which, in operation, transmits to a proxy server link information related to M individual networks via one of the M individual networks and transmits a transmission request for content via one of the M individual networks, M being an integer that is 2 or more, each of the M individual networks including corresponding one of M communication stations with which the terminal apparatus has established links, wherein the M communication stations employ different communication schemes from each other; a receiver which, in operation, receives body data of the content via a first network and a second network different from the first network, wherein the body data is distributed by the proxy server on a packet-by-packet basis to one of the first network and the second network among L individual networks selected by the proxy server based on the transmitted link information, L being an integer from 2 to M inclusive, and performs reception processing on the body data; and a received data analyzer which, in operation, combines data after the reception processing to obtain the content. 2. The terminal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein selection of the L individual networks is made by a host network located upstream of the M individual networks. 3. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
the data related to the content is distributed to the L individual networks by the host network, and the receiver receives via the L individual networks the data related to the content transmitted in accordance with respective communication schemes that differ per individual network. 4. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein an error correction coding scheme to be applied to the body data of the content is determined by the host network. 5. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein
prior to transmitting the link information, the transmitter transmits access information related to N communication stations that the terminal apparatus can connect to, N being an integer equal to or larger than M, and the access information is registered to the host network. 6. The terminal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the L individual networks selected based on the link information are dynamically configured by the host network. 7. A communication method comprising:
transmitting to a proxy server link information related to M individual networks via one of the individual networks and transmitting a transmission request for content via one of the M individual networks, M being an integer that is 2 or more, each of the M individual networks including corresponding one of M communication stations with which the terminal apparatus has established links, wherein the M communication stations employ different communication schemes from each other; receiving an information packet for body data of the content via a first network and a second network different from the first network, wherein the body data are distributed by the proxy server on a packet-by-packet basis to one of the first network and the second network among L individual networks selected by the proxy server based on the transmitted link information, L being an integer from 2 to M inclusive, and performing reception processing on the body data; and combining data after the reception processing to obtain the content. 8. The communication method according to claim 7, wherein selection of the L individual networks is made by a host network located upstream of the M individual networks. 9. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein
the data related to the content is distributed to the L individual networks by the host network, and the communication method comprising: receiving the data related to the content transmitted in accordance with respective communication schemes that differ per individual network. 10. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein an error correction coding scheme to be applied to the body data of the content is determined by the host network. 11. The communication method according to claim 8, comprising
prior to transmitting the link information, transmitting access information related to N communication stations that the terminal apparatus can connect to, N being an integer equal to or larger than M, and registering the access information to the host network. 12. The communication method according to claim 8, wherein the L individual networks selected based on the link information are dynamically configured by the host network. | 1,700 |
349,907 | 350,781 | 16,854,670 | 1,763 | The subject matter of this specification can be implemented in, among other things, a computer-implemented method for correcting words in transcribed text including receiving speech audio data from a microphone. The method further includes sending the speech audio data to a transcription system. The method further includes receiving a word lattice transcribed from the speech audio data by the transcription system. The method further includes presenting one or more transcribed words from the word lattice. The method further includes receiving a user selection of at least one of the presented transcribed words. The method further includes presenting one or more alternate words from the word lattice for the selected transcribed word. The method further includes receiving a user selection of at least one of the alternate words. The method further includes replacing the selected transcribed word in the presented transcribed words with the selected alternate word. | 1. A method comprising:
presenting, by data processing hardware of a mobile computing device, in a region of a display of the mobile computing device, a first transcription of an utterance spoken by a user of the mobile computing device; receiving, at the data processing hardware, a user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription to correct at least one incorrect word in the first transcription; and in response to receiving the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription, presenting, by the data processing hardware, in the region of the display of the mobile computing device, a second transcription of the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device, wherein the second transcription of the utterance comprises one or more alternate words substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 2 . The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to presenting the first transcription of the utterance:
receiving, at the data processing hardware, audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device;
transmitting, by the data processing hardware, the audio data to a server-based, automated speech recognizer in communication with the mobile computing device via a network; and
obtaining, by the data processing hardware, the first and second transcriptions from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first transcription of the utterance comprises one or more words from a word lattice; and the second transcription of the utterance comprises the one or more alternate words from the word lattice that are substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the word lattice comprises nodes corresponding to words of the first transcription of the utterance and words of the second transcription of the utterance, and edges between the nodes that identify possible paths through the word lattice, each path having an associated probability of being correct. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first transcription of the utterance corresponds to a recognition result from the server-based, automated speech recognizer that has a highest speech recognition confidence score. 6 . The method of claim 2, wherein the second transcription of the utterance represents an alternative recognition result to the first transcription from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the display of the mobile computing device comprises a touch-sensitive display; and the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription of the utterance comprises a user input selecting the first transcription presented in the region of the touch-sensitive display. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
Obtaining, by the data processing hardware, a word lattice based on automated speech recognition performed on audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, the first transcription based on the word lattice. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting, by the data processing hardware, the second transcription based on the word lattice. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the second transcription of the utterance in the region of the display of the mobile computing device comprises presenting the second transcription of the utterance without displaying an alternates list. 11. A mobile computing device comprising:
data processing hardware; and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware and storing instructions that when executed on the data processing hardware cause the data processing hardware to perform operations comprising:
presenting, in a region of a display of the mobile computing device, a first transcription of an utterance spoken by a user of the mobile computing device;
receiving a user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription to correct at least one incorrect word in the first transcription; and
in response to receiving the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription, presenting, in the region of the display of the mobile computing device, a second transcription of the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device,
wherein the second transcription of the utterance comprises one or more alternate words substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 12. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to presenting the first transcription of the utterance:
receiving audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device; transmitting the audio data to a server-based, automated speech recognizer in communication with the mobile computing device via a network; and obtaining the first and second transcriptions from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 13. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein:
the first transcription of the utterance comprises one or more words from a word lattice; and the second transcription of the utterance comprises the one or more alternate words from the word lattice that are substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 14. The mobile computing device of claim 13, wherein the word lattice comprises nodes corresponding to words of the first transcription of the utterance and words of the second transcription of the utterance, and edges between the nodes that identify possible paths through the word lattice, each path having an associated probability of being correct. 15. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein the first transcription of the utterance corresponds to a recognition result from the server-based, automated speech recognizer that has a highest speech recognition confidence score. 16. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein the second transcription of the utterance represents an alternative recognition result to the first transcription from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 17. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein:
the display of the mobile computing device comprises a touch-sensitive display; and the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription of the utterance comprises a user input selecting the first transcription presented in the region of the touch-sensitive display. 18. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
Obtaining, by the data processing hardware, a word lattice based on automated speech recognition performed on audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, the first transcription based on the word lattice. 19. The mobile computing device of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise selecting, by the data processing hardware, the second transcription based on the word lattice. 20. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein presenting the second transcription of the utterance in the region of the display of the mobile computing device comprises presenting the second transcription of the utterance without displaying an alternates list. | The subject matter of this specification can be implemented in, among other things, a computer-implemented method for correcting words in transcribed text including receiving speech audio data from a microphone. The method further includes sending the speech audio data to a transcription system. The method further includes receiving a word lattice transcribed from the speech audio data by the transcription system. The method further includes presenting one or more transcribed words from the word lattice. The method further includes receiving a user selection of at least one of the presented transcribed words. The method further includes presenting one or more alternate words from the word lattice for the selected transcribed word. The method further includes receiving a user selection of at least one of the alternate words. The method further includes replacing the selected transcribed word in the presented transcribed words with the selected alternate word.1. A method comprising:
presenting, by data processing hardware of a mobile computing device, in a region of a display of the mobile computing device, a first transcription of an utterance spoken by a user of the mobile computing device; receiving, at the data processing hardware, a user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription to correct at least one incorrect word in the first transcription; and in response to receiving the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription, presenting, by the data processing hardware, in the region of the display of the mobile computing device, a second transcription of the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device, wherein the second transcription of the utterance comprises one or more alternate words substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 2 . The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to presenting the first transcription of the utterance:
receiving, at the data processing hardware, audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device;
transmitting, by the data processing hardware, the audio data to a server-based, automated speech recognizer in communication with the mobile computing device via a network; and
obtaining, by the data processing hardware, the first and second transcriptions from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first transcription of the utterance comprises one or more words from a word lattice; and the second transcription of the utterance comprises the one or more alternate words from the word lattice that are substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the word lattice comprises nodes corresponding to words of the first transcription of the utterance and words of the second transcription of the utterance, and edges between the nodes that identify possible paths through the word lattice, each path having an associated probability of being correct. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein the first transcription of the utterance corresponds to a recognition result from the server-based, automated speech recognizer that has a highest speech recognition confidence score. 6 . The method of claim 2, wherein the second transcription of the utterance represents an alternative recognition result to the first transcription from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the display of the mobile computing device comprises a touch-sensitive display; and the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription of the utterance comprises a user input selecting the first transcription presented in the region of the touch-sensitive display. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
Obtaining, by the data processing hardware, a word lattice based on automated speech recognition performed on audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, the first transcription based on the word lattice. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting, by the data processing hardware, the second transcription based on the word lattice. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein presenting the second transcription of the utterance in the region of the display of the mobile computing device comprises presenting the second transcription of the utterance without displaying an alternates list. 11. A mobile computing device comprising:
data processing hardware; and memory hardware in communication with the data processing hardware and storing instructions that when executed on the data processing hardware cause the data processing hardware to perform operations comprising:
presenting, in a region of a display of the mobile computing device, a first transcription of an utterance spoken by a user of the mobile computing device;
receiving a user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription to correct at least one incorrect word in the first transcription; and
in response to receiving the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription, presenting, in the region of the display of the mobile computing device, a second transcription of the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device,
wherein the second transcription of the utterance comprises one or more alternate words substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 12. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise, prior to presenting the first transcription of the utterance:
receiving audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user of the mobile computing device; transmitting the audio data to a server-based, automated speech recognizer in communication with the mobile computing device via a network; and obtaining the first and second transcriptions from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 13. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein:
the first transcription of the utterance comprises one or more words from a word lattice; and the second transcription of the utterance comprises the one or more alternate words from the word lattice that are substituted for the at least one incorrect word in the first transcription. 14. The mobile computing device of claim 13, wherein the word lattice comprises nodes corresponding to words of the first transcription of the utterance and words of the second transcription of the utterance, and edges between the nodes that identify possible paths through the word lattice, each path having an associated probability of being correct. 15. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein the first transcription of the utterance corresponds to a recognition result from the server-based, automated speech recognizer that has a highest speech recognition confidence score. 16. The mobile computing device of claim 12, wherein the second transcription of the utterance represents an alternative recognition result to the first transcription from the server-based, automated speech recognizer. 17. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein:
the display of the mobile computing device comprises a touch-sensitive display; and the user input indication indicating selection of the first transcription of the utterance comprises a user input selecting the first transcription presented in the region of the touch-sensitive display. 18. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise:
Obtaining, by the data processing hardware, a word lattice based on automated speech recognition performed on audio data corresponding to the utterance spoken by the user; and selecting, by the data processing hardware, the first transcription based on the word lattice. 19. The mobile computing device of claim 18, wherein the operations further comprise selecting, by the data processing hardware, the second transcription based on the word lattice. 20. The mobile computing device of claim 11, wherein presenting the second transcription of the utterance in the region of the display of the mobile computing device comprises presenting the second transcription of the utterance without displaying an alternates list. | 1,700 |
349,908 | 350,782 | 16,854,694 | 1,763 | Disclosed herein is a high efficiency filtration device and a method thereof for analysis of a fluid sample to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms. Also disclosed herein is a kit to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms, comprising the disclosed filtration device and a molecular detection device. Also disclosed herein is a hardware mobile electronic device and a software application that analyze a fluid sample to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms and wirelessly transmits such information to users. | 1. A method for rapidly isolating and detecting waterborne pathogens within a liquid sample comprising the steps of:
filtering the liquid sample using a portable filtration device so that the waterborne pathogens forms a filtrate on a surface of a filter of the portable filtration device and purified liquid that results from the liquid sample being conducted across the filter is discharged from the portable filtration device; using a fluid delivery device to introduce a lysing agent into the portable filtration device resulting in lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution; using the fluid delivery device to remove an amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution; and introducing at least a portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into a molecular detection device that is configured to detect whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of filtering the liquid sample using the portable filtration device acts to concentrate the waterborne pathogens as the filtrate formed within the filter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the portable filtration device comprises a cartridge and the filter comprises a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; an inlet port for delivering the liquid sample into lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; an outlet port for discharging the purified liquid; and a vent port for venting air from the lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements comprises hollow fibers, with the inlet port being in fluid communication with first ends of the hollow fibers and the vent port being in fluid communication with second ends of the hollow fibers, the outlet port being in fluid communication with a hollow space surrounding the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of filtering the liquid sample includes the step of pumping the liquid sample into the lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery device comprises a syringe that is connected to the inlet and is operated by moving a plunger within a barrel in a first direction to deliver the lysing agent into the filter into contact with the residue such that the lysing agent absorbs the residue and forms the lysed waterborne pathogen solution. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of using the fluid delivery device to remove the amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution comprises moving the plunger within the barrel in a second direction to draw the amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into the barrel. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the lysing agent is delivered into the lumens of the semi-permeable filtering elements. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lysing agent comprises a lysis buffer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a volume of the lysis buffer is greater than a total volume of lumens of the semi-permeable filtering elements. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution comprises between 10 microliters and 50 microliters of solution. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution is delivered into the one or more test wells of the molecular detection device, each well containing lyophilized primers, cap oligos, probes and master mix for polymerase chain reaction detection and are reconstituted with another solution. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the molecular detection device is configured to incubate the lysed waterborne pathogen solution under amplification conditions with oligonucleotide primers and DNA polymerase and is configured to detect amplified target DNA to determine the presence or absence in the liquid of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms carrying selected target DNA nucleotide sequence. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid sample has a volume between about five-hundred milliliters to about 100 gallons. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid sample has a volume of about one liter. 16. A method for rapidly isolating and detecting waterborne pathogens within a liquid sample comprising the steps of:
filtering the liquid sample using a portable filtration device so that the waterborne pathogens forms a concentrated filtrate that comprises the waterborne pathogens and is contained within the portable filtration device; introducing a lysing agent into the portable filtration device resulting in lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution that is contained within the portable filtration device; removing an amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution from the portable filtration device; and introducing at least a portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into a molecular detection device that is configured to detect whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 17. A portable system for rapidly detecting waterborne pathogens comprising:
a portable filtration device including a first port for receiving a liquid sample to be tested; a second port for venting air and a third port for discharging purified liquid, the portable filtration device including a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements for filtering the liquid sample and generating a filtrate within the semi-permeable filtering elements, the filtrate containing the waterborne pathogens; a delivery device configured for being sealingly mated to the first port and configured to deliver a lysing agent into lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements for lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution; and a molecular detection device for analyzing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution and detecting whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the plurality of filtering elements comprises a plurality of hollow fibers having a pore size from about 0.002 micron to about 0.01 micron. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the portable filtration device has a filtration capacity to reduce the volume of the liquid by a factor of at least 10E-5. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the molecular detection device includes test wells and the molecular detection device is configured to incubate the lysed waterborne pathogen solution under amplification conditions with oligonucleotide primers and DNA polymerase; and detect amplified target DNA to determine the presence or absence in the liquid sample of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms carrying the selected target DNA nucleotide sequence. 21. A kit for rapidly detecting waterborne pathogens comprising:
a portable filtration device including a first port for receiving a liquid sample to be tested; a second port for venting air and a third port for discharging purified liquid, the portable filtration device including a plurality of hollow semi-permeable fibers for filtering the liquid sample and generating a filtrate within lumens of the hollow semi-permeable fibers, the filtrate containing the waterborne pathogens in a concentrated form; a syringe configured for being sealingly mated to the first port and configured to deliver a lysing agent into lumens of the plurality of hollow semi-permeable fibers for lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution, the syringe further configured for removing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution from within the lumens; and a molecular detection device for analyzing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution and detecting whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. | Disclosed herein is a high efficiency filtration device and a method thereof for analysis of a fluid sample to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms. Also disclosed herein is a kit to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms, comprising the disclosed filtration device and a molecular detection device. Also disclosed herein is a hardware mobile electronic device and a software application that analyze a fluid sample to detect the presence of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms and wirelessly transmits such information to users.1. A method for rapidly isolating and detecting waterborne pathogens within a liquid sample comprising the steps of:
filtering the liquid sample using a portable filtration device so that the waterborne pathogens forms a filtrate on a surface of a filter of the portable filtration device and purified liquid that results from the liquid sample being conducted across the filter is discharged from the portable filtration device; using a fluid delivery device to introduce a lysing agent into the portable filtration device resulting in lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution; using the fluid delivery device to remove an amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution; and introducing at least a portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into a molecular detection device that is configured to detect whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of filtering the liquid sample using the portable filtration device acts to concentrate the waterborne pathogens as the filtrate formed within the filter. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the portable filtration device comprises a cartridge and the filter comprises a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; an inlet port for delivering the liquid sample into lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements; an outlet port for discharging the purified liquid; and a vent port for venting air from the lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements comprises hollow fibers, with the inlet port being in fluid communication with first ends of the hollow fibers and the vent port being in fluid communication with second ends of the hollow fibers, the outlet port being in fluid communication with a hollow space surrounding the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the step of filtering the liquid sample includes the step of pumping the liquid sample into the lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the fluid delivery device comprises a syringe that is connected to the inlet and is operated by moving a plunger within a barrel in a first direction to deliver the lysing agent into the filter into contact with the residue such that the lysing agent absorbs the residue and forms the lysed waterborne pathogen solution. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the step of using the fluid delivery device to remove the amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution comprises moving the plunger within the barrel in a second direction to draw the amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into the barrel. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein the lysing agent is delivered into the lumens of the semi-permeable filtering elements. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the lysing agent comprises a lysis buffer. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a volume of the lysis buffer is greater than a total volume of lumens of the semi-permeable filtering elements. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution comprises between 10 microliters and 50 microliters of solution. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution is delivered into the one or more test wells of the molecular detection device, each well containing lyophilized primers, cap oligos, probes and master mix for polymerase chain reaction detection and are reconstituted with another solution. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the molecular detection device is configured to incubate the lysed waterborne pathogen solution under amplification conditions with oligonucleotide primers and DNA polymerase and is configured to detect amplified target DNA to determine the presence or absence in the liquid of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms carrying selected target DNA nucleotide sequence. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid sample has a volume between about five-hundred milliliters to about 100 gallons. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the liquid sample has a volume of about one liter. 16. A method for rapidly isolating and detecting waterborne pathogens within a liquid sample comprising the steps of:
filtering the liquid sample using a portable filtration device so that the waterborne pathogens forms a concentrated filtrate that comprises the waterborne pathogens and is contained within the portable filtration device; introducing a lysing agent into the portable filtration device resulting in lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution that is contained within the portable filtration device; removing an amount of the lysed waterborne pathogen solution from the portable filtration device; and introducing at least a portion of the removed amount of lysed waterborne pathogen solution into a molecular detection device that is configured to detect whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 17. A portable system for rapidly detecting waterborne pathogens comprising:
a portable filtration device including a first port for receiving a liquid sample to be tested; a second port for venting air and a third port for discharging purified liquid, the portable filtration device including a plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements for filtering the liquid sample and generating a filtrate within the semi-permeable filtering elements, the filtrate containing the waterborne pathogens; a delivery device configured for being sealingly mated to the first port and configured to deliver a lysing agent into lumens of the plurality of semi-permeable filtering elements for lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution; and a molecular detection device for analyzing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution and detecting whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the plurality of filtering elements comprises a plurality of hollow fibers having a pore size from about 0.002 micron to about 0.01 micron. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the portable filtration device has a filtration capacity to reduce the volume of the liquid by a factor of at least 10E-5. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein the molecular detection device includes test wells and the molecular detection device is configured to incubate the lysed waterborne pathogen solution under amplification conditions with oligonucleotide primers and DNA polymerase; and detect amplified target DNA to determine the presence or absence in the liquid sample of target pathogens or indicator microorganisms carrying the selected target DNA nucleotide sequence. 21. A kit for rapidly detecting waterborne pathogens comprising:
a portable filtration device including a first port for receiving a liquid sample to be tested; a second port for venting air and a third port for discharging purified liquid, the portable filtration device including a plurality of hollow semi-permeable fibers for filtering the liquid sample and generating a filtrate within lumens of the hollow semi-permeable fibers, the filtrate containing the waterborne pathogens in a concentrated form; a syringe configured for being sealingly mated to the first port and configured to deliver a lysing agent into lumens of the plurality of hollow semi-permeable fibers for lysing of the waterborne pathogens and formation of a lysed waterborne pathogen solution, the syringe further configured for removing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution from within the lumens; and a molecular detection device for analyzing the lysed waterborne pathogen solution and detecting whether target waterborne pathogens are present in the liquid sample. | 1,700 |
349,909 | 350,783 | 16,854,706 | 1,763 | A handheld work apparatus includes a work tool, a belt drive, a drive motor configured to drive the work tool via the belt drive, a brake unit configured to act on the belt drive, and a holding arrangement. The brake unit has a braking position and a released position and the holding arrangement is configured to hold the brake unit in the released position. The holding arrangement includes an electromagnet to which current is supplied during operation of the work apparatus. | 1. A handheld work apparatus comprising:
a work tool; a belt drive; a drive motor configured to drive said work tool via said belt drive; a brake unit configured to act on said belt drive; a holding arrangement; said brake unit having a braking position and a released position; said holding arrangement being configured to hold said brake unit in said released position; and, said holding arrangement including an electromagnet. 2. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power source to supply current to said electromagnet during operation of said work apparatus. 3. The handheld work apparatus of claim 2, wherein said drive motor is a combustion engine having a crankshaft; and, said power source is operatively connected to said crankshaft so as to generate said current in response to the rotation thereof. 4. The handheld work apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an additional power source to supply current to said electromagnet. 5. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said additional power source includes a capacitor, a battery and/or a flywheel mass. 6. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when said current of said electromagnet is no longer adequate to hold said brake unit in said released position. 7. The handheld work apparatus of claim 5, wherein said work apparatus has a first threshold rotational speed of said combustion engine whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the rotational speed of said engine drops below said first threshold rotational speed absent said additional power source; and,
said additional power source is configured to provide a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed causing said brake unit to shift into said braking position when the rotational speed of said combustion engine drops below said second threshold rotational speed. 8. The handheld work apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
said brake unit includes a holding plate for coacting with said electromagnet to hold said brake unit in said released position; said combustion engine has a first threshold rotational speed whereat the current supplied to said electromagnet is no longer sufficient to hold said holding plate; and, said combustion engine has a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the current to energize the electromagnet which is generated because of the rotation of the crankshaft is not stored in said additional power source. 9. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a battery for supplying current to said electromagnet from time to time. 10. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said brake unit includes a trigger spring pretensioned in a direction toward said braking position. 11. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said belt drive comprises:
a first belt pulley; a second belt pulley; a third belt pulley and a fourth belt pulley; a first drive belt guided over said first belt pulley and said third belt pulley; said third belt pulley being fixedly connected to said fourth belt pulley so as to rotate therewith; and, a second drive belt guided over said fourth belt pulley. 12. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first belt pulley is driven by said drive motor. 13. The handheld work apparatus of claim 12, wherein said brake unit includes a brake drum and a brake band which acts on said brake drum; and, said brake drum is fixedly connected to said first belt pulley so as to rotate therewith. 14. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an actuating element configured to shift said brake unit out of said braking position into said released position. 15. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a sensor for detecting at least one triggering criterium; and,
a control unit operatively connected to said sensor and configured to cause a release of said holding arrangement in response to a presence of said triggering criterium. 16. The handheld work apparatus of claim 15, wherein said sensor is an rpm sensor; said work tool defines a first rotational axis about which said work tool rotates; said work apparatus defines a second rotational axis parallel to said first rotational axis; said rpm sensor detects the angular velocity of a movement of said work apparatus about said second rotational axis; and, said triggering criterium is a pregiven angular velocity about said second rotational axis. 17. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein the rotational speed of said second belt pulley is at most 60% of the rotational speed of said first belt pulley. 18. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said work apparatus is a cut-off machine and said work tool is a cut-off wheel. 19. The handheld work apparatus of claim 18, wherein the rotational speed of said cut-off wheel is at least 4,000 rpm. | A handheld work apparatus includes a work tool, a belt drive, a drive motor configured to drive the work tool via the belt drive, a brake unit configured to act on the belt drive, and a holding arrangement. The brake unit has a braking position and a released position and the holding arrangement is configured to hold the brake unit in the released position. The holding arrangement includes an electromagnet to which current is supplied during operation of the work apparatus.1. A handheld work apparatus comprising:
a work tool; a belt drive; a drive motor configured to drive said work tool via said belt drive; a brake unit configured to act on said belt drive; a holding arrangement; said brake unit having a braking position and a released position; said holding arrangement being configured to hold said brake unit in said released position; and, said holding arrangement including an electromagnet. 2. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power source to supply current to said electromagnet during operation of said work apparatus. 3. The handheld work apparatus of claim 2, wherein said drive motor is a combustion engine having a crankshaft; and, said power source is operatively connected to said crankshaft so as to generate said current in response to the rotation thereof. 4. The handheld work apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an additional power source to supply current to said electromagnet. 5. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said additional power source includes a capacitor, a battery and/or a flywheel mass. 6. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when said current of said electromagnet is no longer adequate to hold said brake unit in said released position. 7. The handheld work apparatus of claim 5, wherein said work apparatus has a first threshold rotational speed of said combustion engine whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the rotational speed of said engine drops below said first threshold rotational speed absent said additional power source; and,
said additional power source is configured to provide a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed causing said brake unit to shift into said braking position when the rotational speed of said combustion engine drops below said second threshold rotational speed. 8. The handheld work apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
said brake unit includes a holding plate for coacting with said electromagnet to hold said brake unit in said released position; said combustion engine has a first threshold rotational speed whereat the current supplied to said electromagnet is no longer sufficient to hold said holding plate; and, said combustion engine has a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the current to energize the electromagnet which is generated because of the rotation of the crankshaft is not stored in said additional power source. 9. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a battery for supplying current to said electromagnet from time to time. 10. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said brake unit includes a trigger spring pretensioned in a direction toward said braking position. 11. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said belt drive comprises:
a first belt pulley; a second belt pulley; a third belt pulley and a fourth belt pulley; a first drive belt guided over said first belt pulley and said third belt pulley; said third belt pulley being fixedly connected to said fourth belt pulley so as to rotate therewith; and, a second drive belt guided over said fourth belt pulley. 12. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first belt pulley is driven by said drive motor. 13. The handheld work apparatus of claim 12, wherein said brake unit includes a brake drum and a brake band which acts on said brake drum; and, said brake drum is fixedly connected to said first belt pulley so as to rotate therewith. 14. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an actuating element configured to shift said brake unit out of said braking position into said released position. 15. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a sensor for detecting at least one triggering criterium; and,
a control unit operatively connected to said sensor and configured to cause a release of said holding arrangement in response to a presence of said triggering criterium. 16. The handheld work apparatus of claim 15, wherein said sensor is an rpm sensor; said work tool defines a first rotational axis about which said work tool rotates; said work apparatus defines a second rotational axis parallel to said first rotational axis; said rpm sensor detects the angular velocity of a movement of said work apparatus about said second rotational axis; and, said triggering criterium is a pregiven angular velocity about said second rotational axis. 17. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein the rotational speed of said second belt pulley is at most 60% of the rotational speed of said first belt pulley. 18. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said work apparatus is a cut-off machine and said work tool is a cut-off wheel. 19. The handheld work apparatus of claim 18, wherein the rotational speed of said cut-off wheel is at least 4,000 rpm. | 1,700 |
349,910 | 350,784 | 16,854,715 | 1,763 | A handheld work apparatus includes a work tool, a belt drive, a drive motor configured to drive the work tool via the belt drive, a brake unit configured to act on the belt drive, and a holding arrangement. The brake unit has a braking position and a released position and the holding arrangement is configured to hold the brake unit in the released position. The holding arrangement includes an electromagnet to which current is supplied during operation of the work apparatus. | 1. A handheld work apparatus comprising:
a work tool; a belt drive; a drive motor configured to drive said work tool via said belt drive; a brake unit configured to act on said belt drive; a holding arrangement; said brake unit having a braking position and a released position; said holding arrangement being configured to hold said brake unit in said released position; and, said holding arrangement including an electromagnet. 2. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power source to supply current to said electromagnet during operation of said work apparatus. 3. The handheld work apparatus of claim 2, wherein said drive motor is a combustion engine having a crankshaft; and, said power source is operatively connected to said crankshaft so as to generate said current in response to the rotation thereof. 4. The handheld work apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an additional power source to supply current to said electromagnet. 5. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said additional power source includes a capacitor, a battery and/or a flywheel mass. 6. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when said current of said electromagnet is no longer adequate to hold said brake unit in said released position. 7. The handheld work apparatus of claim 5, wherein said work apparatus has a first threshold rotational speed of said combustion engine whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the rotational speed of said engine drops below said first threshold rotational speed absent said additional power source; and,
said additional power source is configured to provide a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed causing said brake unit to shift into said braking position when the rotational speed of said combustion engine drops below said second threshold rotational speed. 8. The handheld work apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
said brake unit includes a holding plate for coacting with said electromagnet to hold said brake unit in said released position; said combustion engine has a first threshold rotational speed whereat the current supplied to said electromagnet is no longer sufficient to hold said holding plate; and, said combustion engine has a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the current to energize the electromagnet which is generated because of the rotation of the crankshaft is not stored in said additional power source. 9. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a battery for supplying current to said electromagnet from time to time. 10. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said brake unit includes a trigger spring pretensioned in a direction toward said braking position. 11. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said belt drive comprises:
a first belt pulley; a second belt pulley; a third belt pulley and a fourth belt pulley; a first drive belt guided over said first belt pulley and said third belt pulley; said third belt pulley being fixedly connected to said fourth belt pulley so as to rotate therewith; and, a second drive belt guided over said fourth belt pulley. 12. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first belt pulley is driven by said drive motor. 13. The handheld work apparatus of claim 12, wherein said brake unit includes a brake drum and a brake band which acts on said brake drum; and, said brake drum is fixedly connected to said first belt pulley so as to rotate therewith. 14. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an actuating element configured to shift said brake unit out of said braking position into said released position. 15. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a sensor for detecting at least one triggering criterium; and,
a control unit operatively connected to said sensor and configured to cause a release of said holding arrangement in response to a presence of said triggering criterium. 16. The handheld work apparatus of claim 15, wherein said sensor is an rpm sensor; said work tool defines a first rotational axis about which said work tool rotates; said work apparatus defines a second rotational axis parallel to said first rotational axis; said rpm sensor detects the angular velocity of a movement of said work apparatus about said second rotational axis; and, said triggering criterium is a pregiven angular velocity about said second rotational axis. 17. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein the rotational speed of said second belt pulley is at most 60% of the rotational speed of said first belt pulley. 18. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said work apparatus is a cut-off machine and said work tool is a cut-off wheel. 19. The handheld work apparatus of claim 18, wherein the rotational speed of said cut-off wheel is at least 4,000 rpm. | A handheld work apparatus includes a work tool, a belt drive, a drive motor configured to drive the work tool via the belt drive, a brake unit configured to act on the belt drive, and a holding arrangement. The brake unit has a braking position and a released position and the holding arrangement is configured to hold the brake unit in the released position. The holding arrangement includes an electromagnet to which current is supplied during operation of the work apparatus.1. A handheld work apparatus comprising:
a work tool; a belt drive; a drive motor configured to drive said work tool via said belt drive; a brake unit configured to act on said belt drive; a holding arrangement; said brake unit having a braking position and a released position; said holding arrangement being configured to hold said brake unit in said released position; and, said holding arrangement including an electromagnet. 2. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a power source to supply current to said electromagnet during operation of said work apparatus. 3. The handheld work apparatus of claim 2, wherein said drive motor is a combustion engine having a crankshaft; and, said power source is operatively connected to said crankshaft so as to generate said current in response to the rotation thereof. 4. The handheld work apparatus of claim 3 further comprising an additional power source to supply current to said electromagnet. 5. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said additional power source includes a capacitor, a battery and/or a flywheel mass. 6. The handheld work apparatus of claim 4, wherein said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when said current of said electromagnet is no longer adequate to hold said brake unit in said released position. 7. The handheld work apparatus of claim 5, wherein said work apparatus has a first threshold rotational speed of said combustion engine whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the rotational speed of said engine drops below said first threshold rotational speed absent said additional power source; and,
said additional power source is configured to provide a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed causing said brake unit to shift into said braking position when the rotational speed of said combustion engine drops below said second threshold rotational speed. 8. The handheld work apparatus of claim 6, wherein:
said brake unit includes a holding plate for coacting with said electromagnet to hold said brake unit in said released position; said combustion engine has a first threshold rotational speed whereat the current supplied to said electromagnet is no longer sufficient to hold said holding plate; and, said combustion engine has a second threshold rotational speed lower than said first threshold rotational speed whereat said brake unit is shifted into said braking position when the current to energize the electromagnet which is generated because of the rotation of the crankshaft is not stored in said additional power source. 9. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a battery for supplying current to said electromagnet from time to time. 10. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said brake unit includes a trigger spring pretensioned in a direction toward said braking position. 11. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said belt drive comprises:
a first belt pulley; a second belt pulley; a third belt pulley and a fourth belt pulley; a first drive belt guided over said first belt pulley and said third belt pulley; said third belt pulley being fixedly connected to said fourth belt pulley so as to rotate therewith; and, a second drive belt guided over said fourth belt pulley. 12. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein said first belt pulley is driven by said drive motor. 13. The handheld work apparatus of claim 12, wherein said brake unit includes a brake drum and a brake band which acts on said brake drum; and, said brake drum is fixedly connected to said first belt pulley so as to rotate therewith. 14. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an actuating element configured to shift said brake unit out of said braking position into said released position. 15. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
a sensor for detecting at least one triggering criterium; and,
a control unit operatively connected to said sensor and configured to cause a release of said holding arrangement in response to a presence of said triggering criterium. 16. The handheld work apparatus of claim 15, wherein said sensor is an rpm sensor; said work tool defines a first rotational axis about which said work tool rotates; said work apparatus defines a second rotational axis parallel to said first rotational axis; said rpm sensor detects the angular velocity of a movement of said work apparatus about said second rotational axis; and, said triggering criterium is a pregiven angular velocity about said second rotational axis. 17. The handheld work apparatus of claim 11, wherein the rotational speed of said second belt pulley is at most 60% of the rotational speed of said first belt pulley. 18. The handheld work apparatus of claim 1, wherein said work apparatus is a cut-off machine and said work tool is a cut-off wheel. 19. The handheld work apparatus of claim 18, wherein the rotational speed of said cut-off wheel is at least 4,000 rpm. | 1,700 |
349,911 | 350,785 | 16,854,704 | 1,763 | According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material, filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material, removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level, and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, in which a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate. | 1. A method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by:
forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material; filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material; removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level; and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, wherein a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first half etching is performed to reduce sawing burr. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second half etching is performed to reduce sawing burr. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein sawing burr is reduced by making an etching rate of an upper surface of the base substrate at a position corresponding to a portion where the memory chip is attached, different from an etching rate of the upper surface of the base substrate at a position corresponding to a portion where the memory chip is not attached. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, through the second half etching, the sawing burr is further reduced by etching a portion where the memory is not attached. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein, through the first half etching, sawing burr between semiconductor packages is reduced by making an etching rate of an inner part of the trench different from an etching rate of a sawing street. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sawing burr is further reduced by etching, through the second half etching, a portion of the lower surface of the base substrate substantially corresponding to the sawing street formed through the first half etching. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, by using a dry film resist (DFR) barrier, DFR patterns of a sawing street part are all opened, and a DFR pattern of a certain part other than the sawing street part in the upper surface of the base substrate is partially opened so as to enable different etching rates. 9. A method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by:
forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material; filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material; removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level; and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, wherein the first half etching is performed using a dry film resist (DFR) barrier so as to reduce sawing burr. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein DFR patterns of a sawing street part are all opened, and a DFR pattern of a certain part other than the sawing street part in the upper surface of the base substrate is partially opened so as to enable different etching rates. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the second half etching is performed to reduce the sawing burr by reducing a thickness of a sawing street. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the post comprises a copper (Cu) post. | According to an embodiment of the disclosure, a method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material, filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material, removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level, and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, in which a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate.1. A method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by:
forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material; filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material; removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level; and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, wherein a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first half etching is performed to reduce sawing burr. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second half etching is performed to reduce sawing burr. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein sawing burr is reduced by making an etching rate of an upper surface of the base substrate at a position corresponding to a portion where the memory chip is attached, different from an etching rate of the upper surface of the base substrate at a position corresponding to a portion where the memory chip is not attached. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein, through the second half etching, the sawing burr is further reduced by etching a portion where the memory is not attached. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein, through the first half etching, sawing burr between semiconductor packages is reduced by making an etching rate of an inner part of the trench different from an etching rate of a sawing street. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the sawing burr is further reduced by etching, through the second half etching, a portion of the lower surface of the base substrate substantially corresponding to the sawing street formed through the first half etching. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein, by using a dry film resist (DFR) barrier, DFR patterns of a sawing street part are all opened, and a DFR pattern of a certain part other than the sawing street part in the upper surface of the base substrate is partially opened so as to enable different etching rates. 9. A method of fabricating a carrier for a wafer level package (WLP) by using a lead frame, wherein the lead frame is fabricated by:
forming a trench and a post by performing first half etching on an upper surface of a base substrate comprising a conductive material; filling the first-half-etched surface with resin of an insulating material; removing the resin exposed to outside of the trench so that an upper surface of the trench and an upper surface of the resin are at a same level; and performing second half etching on a lower surface of the base substrate, wherein the first half etching is performed using a dry film resist (DFR) barrier so as to reduce sawing burr. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein a memory chip is attached to the lower surface of the base substrate. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein DFR patterns of a sawing street part are all opened, and a DFR pattern of a certain part other than the sawing street part in the upper surface of the base substrate is partially opened so as to enable different etching rates. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the second half etching is performed to reduce the sawing burr by reducing a thickness of a sawing street. 13. The method of claim 9, wherein the post comprises a copper (Cu) post. | 1,700 |
349,912 | 350,786 | 16,854,680 | 1,763 | A method for determining characteristics of a structure is disclosed. The method comprises repetitively irradiating the structure with a transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation and capturing as a function of time a transient part of the reflection or transmission of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at or transmitted through the different interfaces of layer-based structure. The method furthermore comprises deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at different interfaces of the structure and determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. A corresponding system also is claimed. | 1. A method for determining characteristics of a structure comprising one or more materials, the method comprising:
irradiating the structure repetitively with a transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part, the electromagnetic radiation being of a single frequency or a narrow range around a single frequency, the structure being sufficiently transparent to the used electromagnetic radiation; capturing from the repetitive irradiating as a function of time a transient part of the reflection of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at different interfaces of the structure or a transient part of the transmission of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation transmitted through different interfaces of the structure; deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure; and determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 2. The method for determining characteristics according to claim 1, wherein said deriving comprises the deconvolution of the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time into different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure. 3. The method for determining characteristics according to claim 1, wherein said deriving comprises identifying different moments in time corresponding to different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous electromagnetic radiation wave stemming from the reflections at or transmission through different interfaces of the structure. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties comprises determining from said different moments in time at least geometric information regarding the one or more materials of the structure. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method furthermore comprises smoothing at least the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein deriving from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic comprises deriving a permittivity and/or permeability of one or more materials of the structure. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said irradiating comprises irradiating with electromagnetic radiation in the range 0.1 GHz to 100 THz. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprising determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties, one or more of a density, a temperature, a curing level or an elastic strength of the one or more materials of the structure. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties the presence of defects in one or more materials of the structure. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties the presence of one or more cavities. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises determining cavities in an insulation material. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a layer-based structure, and wherein the method comprises determining geometric and/or electromagnetic properties of one or more of the layers of the layer-based structure. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure without any prior knowledge regarding the one or more materials of the structure. 14. The method according to claim 1, the method comprising characterizing a structure in one or more of construction industry, rubber industry or automotive industry. 15. A system for characterizing a structure comprising one or more materials, the system comprising:
an irradiation source adapted for generating a repetitive transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part for repetitively irradiating the structure, the electromagnetic radiation being of a single frequency or a narrow range around a single frequency; a receiver adapted for capturing from the repetitive irradiations as a function of time a transient part of the reflection or the transmission of the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at or transmitted through the different interfaces of the structure; and a processor programmed for deriving, from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time, information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmission through different interfaces of the structure, and for determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said processor comprises a deconvolution means for deconvolution of the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time into different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections or transmissions at different interfaces of the structure. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system comprises a single shot or multi-shot sampler for sampling the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of at least the repetition frequency of the emitted radiation. 18. A computer program product for, when executed on a processor, determining characteristics of a structure comprising one or more materials, the computer program product being programmed for:
receiving information of a repetitive irradiation of the structure with a continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part; receiving information of the capturing as a function of time of a transient part of the reflection or transmission of the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected or transmitted at the different interfaces of the structure; the computer program product furthermore being programmed for deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time, information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure; and for determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 19. The computer program product according to claim 18, the computer program product being implemented as a controller. 20. The computer program product according to claim 18, the computer program product being implemented as a data carrier. | A method for determining characteristics of a structure is disclosed. The method comprises repetitively irradiating the structure with a transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation and capturing as a function of time a transient part of the reflection or transmission of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at or transmitted through the different interfaces of layer-based structure. The method furthermore comprises deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at different interfaces of the structure and determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. A corresponding system also is claimed.1. A method for determining characteristics of a structure comprising one or more materials, the method comprising:
irradiating the structure repetitively with a transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part, the electromagnetic radiation being of a single frequency or a narrow range around a single frequency, the structure being sufficiently transparent to the used electromagnetic radiation; capturing from the repetitive irradiating as a function of time a transient part of the reflection of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at different interfaces of the structure or a transient part of the transmission of the transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation transmitted through different interfaces of the structure; deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure; and determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 2. The method for determining characteristics according to claim 1, wherein said deriving comprises the deconvolution of the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time into different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure. 3. The method for determining characteristics according to claim 1, wherein said deriving comprises identifying different moments in time corresponding to different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous electromagnetic radiation wave stemming from the reflections at or transmission through different interfaces of the structure. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein said determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties comprises determining from said different moments in time at least geometric information regarding the one or more materials of the structure. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein said method furthermore comprises smoothing at least the reflected or transmitted transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein deriving from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic comprises deriving a permittivity and/or permeability of one or more materials of the structure. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein said irradiating comprises irradiating with electromagnetic radiation in the range 0.1 GHz to 100 THz. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprising determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties, one or more of a density, a temperature, a curing level or an elastic strength of the one or more materials of the structure. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties the presence of defects in one or more materials of the structure. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure, the method furthermore comprising determining based on the electromagnetic properties the presence of one or more cavities. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the method comprises determining cavities in an insulation material. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the structure is a layer-based structure, and wherein the method comprises determining geometric and/or electromagnetic properties of one or more of the layers of the layer-based structure. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure without any prior knowledge regarding the one or more materials of the structure. 14. The method according to claim 1, the method comprising characterizing a structure in one or more of construction industry, rubber industry or automotive industry. 15. A system for characterizing a structure comprising one or more materials, the system comprising:
an irradiation source adapted for generating a repetitive transient continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part for repetitively irradiating the structure, the electromagnetic radiation being of a single frequency or a narrow range around a single frequency; a receiver adapted for capturing from the repetitive irradiations as a function of time a transient part of the reflection or the transmission of the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected at or transmitted through the different interfaces of the structure; and a processor programmed for deriving, from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time, information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmission through different interfaces of the structure, and for determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein said processor comprises a deconvolution means for deconvolution of the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time into different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections or transmissions at different interfaces of the structure. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein the system comprises a single shot or multi-shot sampler for sampling the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of at least the repetition frequency of the emitted radiation. 18. A computer program product for, when executed on a processor, determining characteristics of a structure comprising one or more materials, the computer program product being programmed for:
receiving information of a repetitive irradiation of the structure with a continuous wave electromagnetic radiation comprising a transient part; receiving information of the capturing as a function of time of a transient part of the reflection or transmission of the continuous wave electromagnetic radiation reflected or transmitted at the different interfaces of the structure; the computer program product furthermore being programmed for deriving from the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation as function of time, information regarding different contributions in the transient part of the reflected or transmitted continuous wave electromagnetic radiation stemming from the reflections at or transmissions through different interfaces of the structure; and for determining from said information at least geometric information and/or electromagnetic properties of the one or more materials of the structure. 19. The computer program product according to claim 18, the computer program product being implemented as a controller. 20. The computer program product according to claim 18, the computer program product being implemented as a data carrier. | 1,700 |
349,913 | 350,787 | 16,854,688 | 1,763 | An electronic device can include a housing defining an internal volume and a pressure sensor assembly disposed in the internal volume and in communication with an ambient environment. The pressure sensor assembly can include a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume, a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume, and an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume. | 1. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing defining an internal volume; a pressure sensor assembly disposed in the internal volume and in communication with an ambient environment, the pressure sensor assembly comprising:
a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume;
a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume; and
an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a processor connected to the exposed moisture detection conductor, the processor detecting a change in at least one of a resistance, a capacitance, or an inductance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising an array of exposed moisture detection conductors positioned in the sensor volume. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor comprises a wire loop. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor is bonded to a pad of the die. 6. A pressure sensor assembly, comprising:
a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume; a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume; and an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume. 7. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the pressure sensor assembly detects the presence of a liquid in the sensor volume by detecting a change in a resistance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 8. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein pressure sensor assembly detects the presence of the liquid by detecting a change in at least one of a capacitance or an inductance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 9. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, further comprising an array of exposed moisture detection conductors positioned in the sensor volume. 10. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor comprises a wire loop. 11. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, further comprising a gel at least partially occupying the sensor volume. 12. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 11, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor is at least partially disposed in the gel and protrudes from the gel by at least 100 microns. 13. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein:
the structure comprises a wall of conductive material at least partially surrounding the sensor volume; and the exposed electrical conductor and the wall are electrically connected. 14. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the structure comprises:
a ceramic material at least partially surrounding the sensor volume; and a conductive contact electrically connected to the exposed electrical conductor. 15. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the exposed electrical conductor comprises a metallic wire coated with a corrosion resistant material. 16. A method of sensing a liquid at a sensor, comprising:
monitoring an environment using the sensor; detecting, by the sensor, a presence of the liquid in the environment; and initiating a remedial action in response to the detecting the presence of the liquid in the environment. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the remedial action comprises at least one of activating a heating element, modifying a signal produced by the sensor, or disregarding the signal produced by the sensor. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein detecting the presence of the liquid in the environment comprises detecting a change in an electrical property of a circuit, the circuit comprising;
a structure at least partially enclosing a volume around the sensor; and an exposed electrical conductor positioned in the environment. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the electrical property comprises at least one of a resistance, an inductance, or a capacitance of the circuit. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising bonding an electrical conductor to a die of the sensor prior to the monitoring. | An electronic device can include a housing defining an internal volume and a pressure sensor assembly disposed in the internal volume and in communication with an ambient environment. The pressure sensor assembly can include a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume, a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume, and an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume.1. An electronic device, comprising:
a housing defining an internal volume; a pressure sensor assembly disposed in the internal volume and in communication with an ambient environment, the pressure sensor assembly comprising:
a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume;
a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume; and
an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a processor connected to the exposed moisture detection conductor, the processor detecting a change in at least one of a resistance, a capacitance, or an inductance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising an array of exposed moisture detection conductors positioned in the sensor volume. 4. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor comprises a wire loop. 5. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor is bonded to a pad of the die. 6. A pressure sensor assembly, comprising:
a structure at least partially enclosing a sensor volume; a pressure sensor affixed to a die disposed in the sensor volume; and an exposed moisture detection conductor positioned in the sensor volume. 7. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the pressure sensor assembly detects the presence of a liquid in the sensor volume by detecting a change in a resistance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 8. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein pressure sensor assembly detects the presence of the liquid by detecting a change in at least one of a capacitance or an inductance of a circuit including the exposed moisture detection conductor. 9. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, further comprising an array of exposed moisture detection conductors positioned in the sensor volume. 10. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor comprises a wire loop. 11. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, further comprising a gel at least partially occupying the sensor volume. 12. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 11, wherein the exposed moisture detection conductor is at least partially disposed in the gel and protrudes from the gel by at least 100 microns. 13. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein:
the structure comprises a wall of conductive material at least partially surrounding the sensor volume; and the exposed electrical conductor and the wall are electrically connected. 14. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the structure comprises:
a ceramic material at least partially surrounding the sensor volume; and a conductive contact electrically connected to the exposed electrical conductor. 15. The pressure sensor assembly of claim 6, wherein the exposed electrical conductor comprises a metallic wire coated with a corrosion resistant material. 16. A method of sensing a liquid at a sensor, comprising:
monitoring an environment using the sensor; detecting, by the sensor, a presence of the liquid in the environment; and initiating a remedial action in response to the detecting the presence of the liquid in the environment. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the remedial action comprises at least one of activating a heating element, modifying a signal produced by the sensor, or disregarding the signal produced by the sensor. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein detecting the presence of the liquid in the environment comprises detecting a change in an electrical property of a circuit, the circuit comprising;
a structure at least partially enclosing a volume around the sensor; and an exposed electrical conductor positioned in the environment. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the electrical property comprises at least one of a resistance, an inductance, or a capacitance of the circuit. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising bonding an electrical conductor to a die of the sensor prior to the monitoring. | 1,700 |
349,914 | 350,788 | 16,854,689 | 2,477 | Apparatus and methods for providing enhanced coverage in a quasi-licensed wireless system using a reduced-cost base station apparatus. In one embodiment, the base station is configured to utilize quasi-licensed 3.55-3.70 GHz CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) GAA and PAL spectrum, and employs a power amplifier sharing arrangement in its transmitter chain(s), along with multi-sector antenna elements. A scheduling algorithm operative on the base station generates sector-specific weights which are used to allocate the shared power amplifier(s) between the different sectors. Advantageously, design and production costs of the base station are reduced through sharing of comparatively expensive amplifier and transmitter chain components, thereby allowing for commoditization of the base station for mass distribution. | 1. Wireless access point apparatus, comprising:
digital processor apparatus; antenna apparatus having a plurality of individual antenna elements associated with respective ones of coverage sectors; at least one wireless transceiver chain in data communication with the digital processor apparatus and antenna apparatus; and switch apparatus in communication with the antenna apparatus and the at least one wireless transceiver chain, the switch apparatus operative switch an output of a power amplifier operatively coupled with the at least one wireless transceiver chain to the individual antenna elements; and computer readable apparatus in data communication with the digital processor apparatus and comprising storage medium, the storage medium comprising at least one computer program comprising a plurality of instructions which are configured to, when executed on the digital processor apparatus, cause the switch apparatus to selectively switch the output to one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme. 2. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching based at least on (i) data indicative of an interference level measured for each of the coverage sectors, and (ii) data indicative of an availability of one or more prescribed types or classes of quasi-licensed radio frequency (RF) spectrum. 3. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the prioritization or weighting scheme comprises at least one interference weight value, and at least one spectrum availability eight value. 4. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching according to a time-division model, a duration of a temporal period for which the output is switched to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least in part on the prioritization or weighting scheme. 5. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching according to a time-division model, a sequence within which the output is switched to the one of the individual antenna elements relative to others of the individual antenna elements based at least in part on the prioritization or weighting scheme. 6. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch apparatus comprises a programmable logic device enabling reconfiguration of at least one switching matrix associated with the switch apparatus, the reconfiguration enabling implementation of at least one change to the possible connectivity options for the output of the amplifier to the individual ones of the antenna elements. 7. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless access point comprises a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) gNodeB apparatus having a controller unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (DU), the digital processor apparatus and the computer readable apparatus in data communication with the digital processor apparatus each associated with the CU, the CU and the at least one DU disposed at separate physical locations from one another. 8. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed:
generate and transmit a message to a network computerized process in data communication with the wireless access point to cause obtainment of one or more grants to use RF spectrum of a first type or of a second, different type, the first type and second type having different respective priorities or weights within the prioritization or weighting scheme. 9. A method of operating a multi-sector wireless base station, the method comprising:
determining an interference level associated with at least two of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station; determining at least one type of RF spectrum available for use by respective ones of the at least two of the plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station; and based at least on the determining an interference level and the determining an at least one type of RF spectrum, causing scheduling of a common power amplification apparatus of the of the multi-sector wireless base station for transmission of at least two wireless signals relating to respective at least two user data sessions according to a time-division scheme, such that a first one of the at least two signals is transmitted over a first of the at least two coverage sectors, and a second one of the at least two signals is transmitted over a second of the at least two coverage sectors, the transmission of the first and second signals occurring in sequence according to the time-division scheme. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the determining an interference level associated with at least two of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises using extant 3GPP interference measurement protocols to measure the interference levels of the respective at least two coverage sectors; and the determining at least one type of RF spectrum available for use by respective ones of the at least two of the plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises causing access to a network spectrum allocation process via a communication backhaul of the multi-sector wireless base station. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the causing access to a network spectrum allocation process via a communication backhaul of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises causing access to a CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) SAS (Spectrum Allocation System) via a backhaul infrastructure of a managed hybrid fiber coaxial cable network. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the causing scheduling of a common power amplification apparatus of the of the multi-sector wireless base station for transmission of at least two wireless signals relating to respective at least two user data sessions according to a time-division scheme comprises:
generating a plurality of first weights, respective ones of the plurality of first weights associated with respective ones of the at least two coverage sectors and based at least in part on the respective determined interference levels; generating a plurality of second weights, respective ones of the plurality of second weights associated with respective ones of the at least two coverage sectors and based at least in part on the respective determined at least one spectrum type; aggregating at least a portion of the first plurality of weights with at least a portion of the second plurality of weights to form an aggregated weight for each of the at least two coverage sectors; and using the aggregated weights for the at least two coverage sectors to determine a scheduling priority, the scheduling priority used in said scheduling according to the time-division scheme. 13. Switching apparatus for use in a wireless access point, the apparatus comprising:
reconfigurable switch apparatus configured to selectively port an output of a shared power amplification device of the wireless access point to a subset of a plurality of antenna elements of the wireless access point based on at least one control input to the reconfigurable switch apparatus; and computerized logic apparatus in communication with the reconfigurable switch apparatus and configured to generate a utilization schedule for use of the shared power amplification apparatus based on a plurality of input data, and generate the at least one control input for controlling at least the reconfigurable switch apparatus according to the generated utilization schedule. 14. The switching apparatus of claim 13, wherein the utilization schedule comprises a time-division based schedule comprising pluralities of allocable time slots within respective ones of time periods or frames, the allocable time slots each being separately allocable to different ones of the plurality of antenna elements. 15. The switching apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of input data relates to (i) RF interference levels associated with respective ones of azimuth sectors of the plurality of antenna elements; and (ii) data relating to quasi-licensed spectrum available for use by respective ones of the azimuth sectors of the plurality of antenna elements for transmitting signals output from the shared power amplification apparatus. | Apparatus and methods for providing enhanced coverage in a quasi-licensed wireless system using a reduced-cost base station apparatus. In one embodiment, the base station is configured to utilize quasi-licensed 3.55-3.70 GHz CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) GAA and PAL spectrum, and employs a power amplifier sharing arrangement in its transmitter chain(s), along with multi-sector antenna elements. A scheduling algorithm operative on the base station generates sector-specific weights which are used to allocate the shared power amplifier(s) between the different sectors. Advantageously, design and production costs of the base station are reduced through sharing of comparatively expensive amplifier and transmitter chain components, thereby allowing for commoditization of the base station for mass distribution.1. Wireless access point apparatus, comprising:
digital processor apparatus; antenna apparatus having a plurality of individual antenna elements associated with respective ones of coverage sectors; at least one wireless transceiver chain in data communication with the digital processor apparatus and antenna apparatus; and switch apparatus in communication with the antenna apparatus and the at least one wireless transceiver chain, the switch apparatus operative switch an output of a power amplifier operatively coupled with the at least one wireless transceiver chain to the individual antenna elements; and computer readable apparatus in data communication with the digital processor apparatus and comprising storage medium, the storage medium comprising at least one computer program comprising a plurality of instructions which are configured to, when executed on the digital processor apparatus, cause the switch apparatus to selectively switch the output to one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme. 2. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching based at least on (i) data indicative of an interference level measured for each of the coverage sectors, and (ii) data indicative of an availability of one or more prescribed types or classes of quasi-licensed radio frequency (RF) spectrum. 3. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the prioritization or weighting scheme comprises at least one interference weight value, and at least one spectrum availability eight value. 4. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching according to a time-division model, a duration of a temporal period for which the output is switched to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least in part on the prioritization or weighting scheme. 5. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the selective switch the output to the one of the individual antenna elements based at least on a prioritization or weighting scheme comprises selective switching according to a time-division model, a sequence within which the output is switched to the one of the individual antenna elements relative to others of the individual antenna elements based at least in part on the prioritization or weighting scheme. 6. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the switch apparatus comprises a programmable logic device enabling reconfiguration of at least one switching matrix associated with the switch apparatus, the reconfiguration enabling implementation of at least one change to the possible connectivity options for the output of the amplifier to the individual ones of the antenna elements. 7. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the wireless access point comprises a 3GPP 5G NR (Fifth Generation New Radio) gNodeB apparatus having a controller unit (CU) and at least one distributed unit (DU), the digital processor apparatus and the computer readable apparatus in data communication with the digital processor apparatus each associated with the CU, the CU and the at least one DU disposed at separate physical locations from one another. 8. The wireless access point apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of instructions are further configured to, when executed:
generate and transmit a message to a network computerized process in data communication with the wireless access point to cause obtainment of one or more grants to use RF spectrum of a first type or of a second, different type, the first type and second type having different respective priorities or weights within the prioritization or weighting scheme. 9. A method of operating a multi-sector wireless base station, the method comprising:
determining an interference level associated with at least two of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station; determining at least one type of RF spectrum available for use by respective ones of the at least two of the plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station; and based at least on the determining an interference level and the determining an at least one type of RF spectrum, causing scheduling of a common power amplification apparatus of the of the multi-sector wireless base station for transmission of at least two wireless signals relating to respective at least two user data sessions according to a time-division scheme, such that a first one of the at least two signals is transmitted over a first of the at least two coverage sectors, and a second one of the at least two signals is transmitted over a second of the at least two coverage sectors, the transmission of the first and second signals occurring in sequence according to the time-division scheme. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein:
the determining an interference level associated with at least two of a plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises using extant 3GPP interference measurement protocols to measure the interference levels of the respective at least two coverage sectors; and the determining at least one type of RF spectrum available for use by respective ones of the at least two of the plurality of radio frequency (RF) coverage sectors of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises causing access to a network spectrum allocation process via a communication backhaul of the multi-sector wireless base station. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the causing access to a network spectrum allocation process via a communication backhaul of the multi-sector wireless base station comprises causing access to a CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service) SAS (Spectrum Allocation System) via a backhaul infrastructure of a managed hybrid fiber coaxial cable network. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the causing scheduling of a common power amplification apparatus of the of the multi-sector wireless base station for transmission of at least two wireless signals relating to respective at least two user data sessions according to a time-division scheme comprises:
generating a plurality of first weights, respective ones of the plurality of first weights associated with respective ones of the at least two coverage sectors and based at least in part on the respective determined interference levels; generating a plurality of second weights, respective ones of the plurality of second weights associated with respective ones of the at least two coverage sectors and based at least in part on the respective determined at least one spectrum type; aggregating at least a portion of the first plurality of weights with at least a portion of the second plurality of weights to form an aggregated weight for each of the at least two coverage sectors; and using the aggregated weights for the at least two coverage sectors to determine a scheduling priority, the scheduling priority used in said scheduling according to the time-division scheme. 13. Switching apparatus for use in a wireless access point, the apparatus comprising:
reconfigurable switch apparatus configured to selectively port an output of a shared power amplification device of the wireless access point to a subset of a plurality of antenna elements of the wireless access point based on at least one control input to the reconfigurable switch apparatus; and computerized logic apparatus in communication with the reconfigurable switch apparatus and configured to generate a utilization schedule for use of the shared power amplification apparatus based on a plurality of input data, and generate the at least one control input for controlling at least the reconfigurable switch apparatus according to the generated utilization schedule. 14. The switching apparatus of claim 13, wherein the utilization schedule comprises a time-division based schedule comprising pluralities of allocable time slots within respective ones of time periods or frames, the allocable time slots each being separately allocable to different ones of the plurality of antenna elements. 15. The switching apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of input data relates to (i) RF interference levels associated with respective ones of azimuth sectors of the plurality of antenna elements; and (ii) data relating to quasi-licensed spectrum available for use by respective ones of the azimuth sectors of the plurality of antenna elements for transmitting signals output from the shared power amplification apparatus. | 2,400 |
349,915 | 350,789 | 16,854,685 | 2,477 | A method for document authorization and distribution is provided. The method is based on a system including a repository server, communicating with or hosting a repository; a blockchain network, including a plurality of peers; and a plurality of user devices, each communicating with the repository server or the blockchain network. The repository contains a plurality of published documents. A plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the peers. The method includes: when an access request for a published document is submitted by a user from a user device, retrieving the published document; verifying the document access right; encrypting the published document with a document password encrypted using the user's public key; signing and posting a document dissemination record, including the document password; and placing the document contents and a signed document hash value in a container document. | 1. A method for document authorization and distribution, based on a system including a repository server; a blockchain network; and a plurality of user devices each communicatively connected with the blockchain network and the repository server, wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of peers; a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers; the repository server communicates with or hosts a repository through a user interface; the repository contains a plurality of published documents; and each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value, the method comprising:
in response to an access request for a published document, submitted by a first user from a user device to the repository server and containing a public key of the first user:
retrieving, by the repository server, a document publication record corresponding to the published document from the blockchain network;
determining, by the repository server, whether the first user is granted a document access right for accessing the published document;
signing and posting, by the repository server, a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password; and
when determining that the first user is granted the document access right, encrypting, by the repository server, the published document with a document password, which is encrypted using the public key of the first user, and placing, by the repository server, document contents of the encrypted published document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 2. The method according to claim 1, further including:
in response to the first user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the first user:
verifying, by the container document, the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoking, by the container document, the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user, including:
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, and
when determining that the document access right granted to the first user is valid, returning, by the access control smart contract, the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user; and
decrypting, by the container document, the document password using the private key of the first user; and decrypting, by the container document, the document contents using the document password. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the access request is submitted when the first user initiates an operation to open a forwarded container document from a second user, wherein the forwarded container document contains the published document encrypted with a document password, which is encrypted using a public key of the second user. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the document publication record corresponding to the published document further includes document metadata, the document metadata providing document information, including a link to the repository; and the document dissemination record, signed and posted by the repository server, contains access control policies, including an expiration date for document access privileges and whether redistribution is allowed. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when encrypting the published document with the document password, the method further includes:
configuring, by the repository server, security features other than the document password, including adding a watermark. 6. The method according to claim 1, when determining that the first user is not granted the document access right, further including:
sending, by the repository server, an authorization-invalid message to the user device to indicate that accessing the published document by the first user is unauthorized. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of access records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; when invoking the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user, the method further includes posting, by the access control smart contract, an access record on the blockchain network to indicate that the first user has accessed the published document; and after decrypting the document contents using the document password, the method further includes rendering, by the user device, the decrypted document contents in the browser. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the container document is in a hypertext markup language (HTML) format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the repository or a submitter, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in the browser, wherein the blockchain access script is executed to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity,
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user,
decrypt the document password using the private key of the first user, and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network, in response to the document access right of the first user expiring or being revoked, the method further includes:
posting, by the repository server, a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, and
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid includes:
detecting, by the access control smart contract, whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid. 10. The method according to claim 9, in response to determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid, further including:
sending, by the container document, an access-right-invalid message to the user device to indicate that the document access right granted to the first user is now invalid. 11. A method for document authorization and distribution, based on a system including a repository server; a blockchain network; and a plurality of user devices each communicatively connected with the blockchain network and the repository server, wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of peers; a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers; the repository server communicates with or hosts a repository through a user interface; the repository contains a plurality of published documents; and each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value, the method comprising:
in response to a first user initiating an operation through the user interface of the repository server to send a document to a second user of a user device:
granting, by the repository server, the second user a document access right for accessing the document;
encrypting, by the repository server, the document with a document password, which is encrypted using a public key of the second user;
posting, by the repository server, a document publication record corresponding to the document;
signing and posting, by the repository server, a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password; and
placing, by the repository server, document contents of the encrypted document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 12. The method according to claim 11, further including:
in response to the second user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the second user:
verifying, by the container document, the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoking, by the container document, the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the second user, including:
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the second user is valid, and
when determining that the document access right granted to the second user is valid, returning, by the access control smart contract, the document password encrypted using the public key of the second user; and
decrypting, by the container document, the document password using the private key of the second user; and decrypting, by the container document, the document contents using the document password. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the container document is in an HTML format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the first user, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in the browser, wherein the blockchain access script is executed to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the second user;
decrypt the document password using the private key of the second user; and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; in response to the document access right of the second user expiring or being revoked, the method further includes:
posting, by the repository server, a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, and
determining, by the container document, whether the document access right granted to the second user is valid includes:
detecting, by the access control smart contract, whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the second user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the second user is invalid. 15. A system for document authorization and distribution, comprising:
a repository server, communicating with or hosting a repository through a user interface; a blockchain network, including a plurality of peers; and a plurality of user devices, each communicatively connected with the blockchain network or the repository server, wherein:
the repository contains a plurality of published documents;
a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers;
each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value; and
in response to an access request for a published document, submitted by a first user from a user device to the repository server and containing a public key of the first user, the repository server is configured to:
retrieve a document publication record corresponding to the published document from the blockchain network,
determine whether the first user is granted a document access right for accessing the published document,
sign and post a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password, and
when determining that the first user is granted the document access right, encrypt the published document with a document password, which is encrypted using the public key of the first user, and place document contents of the encrypted published document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein:
in response to the first user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the first user, the container document is configured to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to determine whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, and
when the access control smart contract determines that the document access right granted to the first user is valid and returns the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user, decrypt the document password using the private key of the first user; and decrypt the document contents using the document password, and
the access control smart contract is configured to:
determine whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
when determining that the document access right granted to the first user is valid, return the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein:
the document publication record corresponding to the requested document further includes document metadata, the document metadata providing document information, including a link to the repository; the document dissemination record, signed and posted by the repository server, contains access control policies, including an expiration date for document access privileges and whether redistribution is allowed; the repository server is further configured to configure security features other than the document password, including a watermark; and the container document further includes the configured security features other than the document password, including the watermark. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein:
a plurality of access records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; and when the access control smart contract is invoked to obtain the document password, the access control smart contract is configured to post an access record on the blockchain network to indicate that the first user has accessed the document. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein the container document is in an HTML format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the repository server or a submitter, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in a browser, and configured to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user;
decrypt the document password using a private key of the first user; and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; in response to the document access right of the first user expiring or being revoked, the repository server is configured to post a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record; and when the access control smart contract determines whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, the access control smart contract is configured to:
detect whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determine that the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determine that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid. | A method for document authorization and distribution is provided. The method is based on a system including a repository server, communicating with or hosting a repository; a blockchain network, including a plurality of peers; and a plurality of user devices, each communicating with the repository server or the blockchain network. The repository contains a plurality of published documents. A plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the peers. The method includes: when an access request for a published document is submitted by a user from a user device, retrieving the published document; verifying the document access right; encrypting the published document with a document password encrypted using the user's public key; signing and posting a document dissemination record, including the document password; and placing the document contents and a signed document hash value in a container document.1. A method for document authorization and distribution, based on a system including a repository server; a blockchain network; and a plurality of user devices each communicatively connected with the blockchain network and the repository server, wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of peers; a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers; the repository server communicates with or hosts a repository through a user interface; the repository contains a plurality of published documents; and each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value, the method comprising:
in response to an access request for a published document, submitted by a first user from a user device to the repository server and containing a public key of the first user:
retrieving, by the repository server, a document publication record corresponding to the published document from the blockchain network;
determining, by the repository server, whether the first user is granted a document access right for accessing the published document;
signing and posting, by the repository server, a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password; and
when determining that the first user is granted the document access right, encrypting, by the repository server, the published document with a document password, which is encrypted using the public key of the first user, and placing, by the repository server, document contents of the encrypted published document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 2. The method according to claim 1, further including:
in response to the first user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the first user:
verifying, by the container document, the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoking, by the container document, the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user, including:
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, and
when determining that the document access right granted to the first user is valid, returning, by the access control smart contract, the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user; and
decrypting, by the container document, the document password using the private key of the first user; and decrypting, by the container document, the document contents using the document password. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the access request is submitted when the first user initiates an operation to open a forwarded container document from a second user, wherein the forwarded container document contains the published document encrypted with a document password, which is encrypted using a public key of the second user. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
the document publication record corresponding to the published document further includes document metadata, the document metadata providing document information, including a link to the repository; and the document dissemination record, signed and posted by the repository server, contains access control policies, including an expiration date for document access privileges and whether redistribution is allowed. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein when encrypting the published document with the document password, the method further includes:
configuring, by the repository server, security features other than the document password, including adding a watermark. 6. The method according to claim 1, when determining that the first user is not granted the document access right, further including:
sending, by the repository server, an authorization-invalid message to the user device to indicate that accessing the published document by the first user is unauthorized. 7. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of access records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; when invoking the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user, the method further includes posting, by the access control smart contract, an access record on the blockchain network to indicate that the first user has accessed the published document; and after decrypting the document contents using the document password, the method further includes rendering, by the user device, the decrypted document contents in the browser. 8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the container document is in a hypertext markup language (HTML) format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the repository or a submitter, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in the browser, wherein the blockchain access script is executed to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity,
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user,
decrypt the document password using the private key of the first user, and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 9. The method according to claim 2, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network, in response to the document access right of the first user expiring or being revoked, the method further includes:
posting, by the repository server, a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, and
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid includes:
detecting, by the access control smart contract, whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid. 10. The method according to claim 9, in response to determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid, further including:
sending, by the container document, an access-right-invalid message to the user device to indicate that the document access right granted to the first user is now invalid. 11. A method for document authorization and distribution, based on a system including a repository server; a blockchain network; and a plurality of user devices each communicatively connected with the blockchain network and the repository server, wherein the blockchain network includes a plurality of peers; a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers; the repository server communicates with or hosts a repository through a user interface; the repository contains a plurality of published documents; and each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value, the method comprising:
in response to a first user initiating an operation through the user interface of the repository server to send a document to a second user of a user device:
granting, by the repository server, the second user a document access right for accessing the document;
encrypting, by the repository server, the document with a document password, which is encrypted using a public key of the second user;
posting, by the repository server, a document publication record corresponding to the document;
signing and posting, by the repository server, a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password; and
placing, by the repository server, document contents of the encrypted document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 12. The method according to claim 11, further including:
in response to the second user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the second user:
verifying, by the container document, the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoking, by the container document, the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the second user, including:
determining, by the access control smart contract, whether the document access right granted to the second user is valid, and
when determining that the document access right granted to the second user is valid, returning, by the access control smart contract, the document password encrypted using the public key of the second user; and
decrypting, by the container document, the document password using the private key of the second user; and decrypting, by the container document, the document contents using the document password. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein the container document is in an HTML format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the first user, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in the browser, wherein the blockchain access script is executed to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the second user;
decrypt the document password using the private key of the second user; and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; in response to the document access right of the second user expiring or being revoked, the method further includes:
posting, by the repository server, a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, and
determining, by the container document, whether the document access right granted to the second user is valid includes:
detecting, by the access control smart contract, whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the second user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determining, by the access control smart contract, that the document access right granted to the second user is invalid. 15. A system for document authorization and distribution, comprising:
a repository server, communicating with or hosting a repository through a user interface; a blockchain network, including a plurality of peers; and a plurality of user devices, each communicatively connected with the blockchain network or the repository server, wherein:
the repository contains a plurality of published documents;
a plurality of document publication records, a plurality of document dissemination records, and an access control smart contract are distributed over the plurality of peers;
each document publication record distributed in the blockchain network corresponds to a published document and includes a signed document hash value; and
in response to an access request for a published document, submitted by a first user from a user device to the repository server and containing a public key of the first user, the repository server is configured to:
retrieve a document publication record corresponding to the published document from the blockchain network,
determine whether the first user is granted a document access right for accessing the published document,
sign and post a document dissemination record referencing the document publication record and including the document password, and
when determining that the first user is granted the document access right, encrypt the published document with a document password, which is encrypted using the public key of the first user, and place document contents of the encrypted published document, along with a signed document hash value, in a container document on the user device. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein:
in response to the first user opening the container document in a browser of the user device using a private key of the first user, the container document is configured to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to determine whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, and
when the access control smart contract determines that the document access right granted to the first user is valid and returns the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user, decrypt the document password using the private key of the first user; and decrypt the document contents using the document password, and
the access control smart contract is configured to:
determine whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
when determining that the document access right granted to the first user is valid, return the document password encrypted using the public key of the first user. 17. The system according to claim 15, wherein:
the document publication record corresponding to the requested document further includes document metadata, the document metadata providing document information, including a link to the repository; the document dissemination record, signed and posted by the repository server, contains access control policies, including an expiration date for document access privileges and whether redistribution is allowed; the repository server is further configured to configure security features other than the document password, including a watermark; and the container document further includes the configured security features other than the document password, including the watermark. 18. The system according to claim 16, wherein:
a plurality of access records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; and when the access control smart contract is invoked to obtain the document password, the access control smart contract is configured to post an access record on the blockchain network to indicate that the first user has accessed the document. 19. The system according to claim 16, wherein the container document is in an HTML format, and includes:
the document contents, encrypted with the document password and serialized in a standard format; the document hash value, signed by the repository server or a submitter, for integrity verification; a reference to the document dissemination record on the blockchain network; and a blockchain access script, invoked when the container document is loaded in a browser, and configured to:
verify the signed document hash value to confirm the document integrity;
invoke the access control smart contract to obtain the document password using the public key of the first user;
decrypt the document password using a private key of the first user; and
decrypt the document contents using the document password. 20. The system according to claim 16, wherein:
a plurality of document recall records is distributed over the plurality of peers of the blockchain network; in response to the document access right of the first user expiring or being revoked, the repository server is configured to post a document recall record on the blockchain network, wherein the document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record; and when the access control smart contract determines whether the document access right granted to the first user is valid, the access control smart contract is configured to:
detect whether a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record;
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that no document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determine that the document access right granted to the first user is valid; and
in response to the access control smart contract detecting that a document recall record is directed to the document dissemination record, determine that the document access right granted to the first user is invalid. | 2,400 |
349,916 | 350,790 | 16,854,683 | 2,641 | A holder for holding a mobile device may include a back plate. A strut is operatively associated with the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate. A strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut holds the back plate and strut in a desired position. A first jaw operatively associated with the back plate is sized to engage a portion of the mobile device. A second jaw sized to engage a portion of the mobile device is operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw to hold a mobile device therebetween. | 1. A holder for holding a mobile device, comprising:
a back plate; a strut operatively associated with said back plate so that said strut can be moved with respect to said back plate; a strut lock operatively associated with said back plate and said strut, said strut lock holding said back plate and said strut in a desired position; a first jaw operatively associated with said back plate, said first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and a second jaw operatively associated with said back plate so that said second jaw can be moved toward and away from said first jaw, said second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device. 2. The holder of claim 1, wherein a proximal end of said strut is pivotally mounted to said back plate and wherein said strut lock comprises a spreader having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of said spreader being pivotally mounted at about the distal end of said strut, the distal end of said spreader being engagable with said back plate to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 3. The holder of claim 2, wherein said back plate defines an opening therein sized to releasably engage the distal end of said spreader. 4. The holder of claim 3, wherein the opening in said back plate defines a tongue portion and wherein the distal end of said spreader defines at least one slot therein sized to receive the tongue portion. 5. The holder of claim 1, wherein said strut lock comprises a ratchet system operatively associated with said strut and said back plate. 6. The holder of claim 5, wherein said back plate comprises a pivot shaft, wherein at least a portion of a proximal end of said strut is engaged with said pivot shaft, and wherein said ratchet system comprises a set of circumferentially spaced teeth provided on at least a portion of said pivot shaft and a pawl mounted to the proximal end of said strut, said pawl being sized to engage at least one tooth of a set of teeth provided on said pivot shaft. 7. The holder of claim 5, wherein said ratchet system comprises a first flange extending from a side portion of said strut and a second flange extending from a side portion of said back plate, said first and second flanges being pivotally mounted to one another, said first and second flanges further comprising respective first and second sets of teeth provided thereon in opposed relationship so that the teeth provided on said first and second flanges are ratchetably engagable with one another to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 8. The holder of claim 1, wherein said strut lock comprises:
an arcuate mounting member mounted to said strut so that said arcuate member extends from about a proximal end of the said strut to about a distal end of said strut; and a clip mounted to said back plate, said clip being sized to slidably engage said arcuate mounting member, the engagement of said clip and said arcuate mounting member allowing said strut to be moved with respect to said back member, the engagement of said clip and said arcuate mounting member developing sufficient static friction to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 9. The holder of claim 1, further comprising a set of teeth provided on said back plate and wherein said second jaw further comprises a pawl positioned to engage at least one tooth provided on said back plate. 10. The holder of claim 1, further comprising a securing material provided on at least a portion of said strut, said securing material allowing said holder to be releasably secured to a surface. 11. The holder of claim 10, wherein said securing material comprises a hook portion of a hook and loop fastening system and wherein the surface comprises at least a loop portion that is releasably engagable with the hook portion. 12. The holder of claim 10, wherein said securing material comprises a self-adhesive foam pad. 13. A holder for holding a mobile device, comprising:
a generally rectangularly-shaped base member defining a back plate portion and a strut portion, the strut portion being connected to the back plate portion by a hinge portion, said strut portion having an opening formed therein that defines a spreader member, said back plate portion having an opening formed therein that defines a first jaw, said back plate portion defining an opening therein that is sized to releasably engage the spreader member; and a generally rectangularly-shaped slider member having opposed end portions that define respective lips so that respective channels are defined between the lips and the slider member, the channels being sized to slidably receive the back plate portion defined by said base member, said slider member having an opening formed therein that defines a second jaw, said slider member being slidable with respect to the back plate portion so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw to hold a mobile device therebetween. 14. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a set of teeth formed on said base member and a pawl formed on said slider member, said pawl being sized to engage at least one tooth formed on said base member when said slider member is slidably engaged with said base member, the engagement of the pawl and at least one tooth holding the slider member in fixed relation with respect to said base member. 15. The holder of claim 13, wherein said base member and said slider member comprise polypropylene. 16. The holder of claim 13, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the back plate portion and a thickness of the strut portion. 17. The holder of claim 16, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the back plate portion and the strut portion are about 2.3 mm. 18. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a hinge portion connecting the spreader portion and the strut portion. 19. The holder of claim 18, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the spreader portion and a thickness of the strut portion. 20. The holder of claim 19, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the spreader portion and the strut portion are about 2.3 mm. 21. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a hinge portion connecting the first jaw and the back plate portion. 22. The holder of claim 21, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the back plate portion and a thickness of the first jaw portion. 23. The holder of claim 22, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the back plate portion and the first jaw portion are about 2.3 mm. 24. The holder of claim 13, wherein the spreader member defines a plurality of slots therein that are positioned in generally parallel, spaced-apart relation along a length of the spreader member, and wherein the opening defined in the back plate portion has a tongue sized to engage the slots defined by the spreader member. 25. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a securing material provided on said strut portion, said securing material allowing said holder to be releasably secured to a surface. 26. The holder of claim 25, wherein said securing material comprises a hook portion of a hook and loop fastening system and wherein the surface comprises at least a portion that is releasably engagable with the hook portion. 27. The holder of claim 25, wherein said securing material comprises an adhesive foam pad. 28. A method of holding a mobile device in a desired position, comprising:
providing a mobile device holder, the mobile device holder comprising:
a back plate;
a strut operatively associated with the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate;
a strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut to hold the back plate and the strut in a desired position;
a first jaw operatively associated with the back plate, the first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and
a second jaw operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw, the second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device;
positioning a back surface of the mobile device in abutting relationship with the back plate of the mobile device holder so that at least a portion of the first jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device; moving the second jaw until at least a portion of the second jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device so that the mobile device is held between the first and second jaws; moving the strut away from the back plate to the desired position, the strut lock holding the strut in the desired position. 29. A method of holding a mobile device in a desired position, comprising:
providing a mobile device holder, the mobile device holder comprising:
a back plate;
a strut operatively associated with to the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate;
a securing material provided on at least a portion of said strut;
a strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut to hold the back plate and the strut in a desired position;
a first jaw operatively associated with the back plate, the first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and
a second jaw operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw, the second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device;
positioning a back surface of the mobile device in abutting relationship with the back plate of the mobile device holder so that at least a portion of the first jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device; moving the second jaw with respect to the back plate until at least a portion of the second jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device so that the mobile device is held between the first and second jaws; and urging the strut against a surface with a force sufficient to engage the securing material with the surface, the securing material holding the holder and attached mobile device to the surface. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising moving the strut away from the back plate to the desired position, the strut lock holding the strut in the desired position before performing said urging the strut against the surface, the desired position holding the mobile device at a desired angle with respect to said surface. 31. A holder for holding a mobile device comprising a generally rectangularly-shaped base member defining a back plate portion, a strut portion, and a slider portion, the strut portion being connected to the back plate portion by a hinge portion, said strut portion having an opening formed therein that defines a spreader member, said back plate portion having a first opening formed therein that defines a first jaw, a second opening therein that is sized to releasably engage the spreader member, and a third opening therein that is sized to receive the slider portion, said slider portion having an opening formed therein that defines a second jaw, said slider portion being connected to said back plate portion by an expanded mesh portion, the expanded mesh portion biasing the second jaw toward the first jaw. | A holder for holding a mobile device may include a back plate. A strut is operatively associated with the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate. A strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut holds the back plate and strut in a desired position. A first jaw operatively associated with the back plate is sized to engage a portion of the mobile device. A second jaw sized to engage a portion of the mobile device is operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw to hold a mobile device therebetween.1. A holder for holding a mobile device, comprising:
a back plate; a strut operatively associated with said back plate so that said strut can be moved with respect to said back plate; a strut lock operatively associated with said back plate and said strut, said strut lock holding said back plate and said strut in a desired position; a first jaw operatively associated with said back plate, said first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and a second jaw operatively associated with said back plate so that said second jaw can be moved toward and away from said first jaw, said second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device. 2. The holder of claim 1, wherein a proximal end of said strut is pivotally mounted to said back plate and wherein said strut lock comprises a spreader having a proximal end and a distal end, the proximal end of said spreader being pivotally mounted at about the distal end of said strut, the distal end of said spreader being engagable with said back plate to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 3. The holder of claim 2, wherein said back plate defines an opening therein sized to releasably engage the distal end of said spreader. 4. The holder of claim 3, wherein the opening in said back plate defines a tongue portion and wherein the distal end of said spreader defines at least one slot therein sized to receive the tongue portion. 5. The holder of claim 1, wherein said strut lock comprises a ratchet system operatively associated with said strut and said back plate. 6. The holder of claim 5, wherein said back plate comprises a pivot shaft, wherein at least a portion of a proximal end of said strut is engaged with said pivot shaft, and wherein said ratchet system comprises a set of circumferentially spaced teeth provided on at least a portion of said pivot shaft and a pawl mounted to the proximal end of said strut, said pawl being sized to engage at least one tooth of a set of teeth provided on said pivot shaft. 7. The holder of claim 5, wherein said ratchet system comprises a first flange extending from a side portion of said strut and a second flange extending from a side portion of said back plate, said first and second flanges being pivotally mounted to one another, said first and second flanges further comprising respective first and second sets of teeth provided thereon in opposed relationship so that the teeth provided on said first and second flanges are ratchetably engagable with one another to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 8. The holder of claim 1, wherein said strut lock comprises:
an arcuate mounting member mounted to said strut so that said arcuate member extends from about a proximal end of the said strut to about a distal end of said strut; and a clip mounted to said back plate, said clip being sized to slidably engage said arcuate mounting member, the engagement of said clip and said arcuate mounting member allowing said strut to be moved with respect to said back member, the engagement of said clip and said arcuate mounting member developing sufficient static friction to hold said back plate and said strut in the desired position. 9. The holder of claim 1, further comprising a set of teeth provided on said back plate and wherein said second jaw further comprises a pawl positioned to engage at least one tooth provided on said back plate. 10. The holder of claim 1, further comprising a securing material provided on at least a portion of said strut, said securing material allowing said holder to be releasably secured to a surface. 11. The holder of claim 10, wherein said securing material comprises a hook portion of a hook and loop fastening system and wherein the surface comprises at least a loop portion that is releasably engagable with the hook portion. 12. The holder of claim 10, wherein said securing material comprises a self-adhesive foam pad. 13. A holder for holding a mobile device, comprising:
a generally rectangularly-shaped base member defining a back plate portion and a strut portion, the strut portion being connected to the back plate portion by a hinge portion, said strut portion having an opening formed therein that defines a spreader member, said back plate portion having an opening formed therein that defines a first jaw, said back plate portion defining an opening therein that is sized to releasably engage the spreader member; and a generally rectangularly-shaped slider member having opposed end portions that define respective lips so that respective channels are defined between the lips and the slider member, the channels being sized to slidably receive the back plate portion defined by said base member, said slider member having an opening formed therein that defines a second jaw, said slider member being slidable with respect to the back plate portion so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw to hold a mobile device therebetween. 14. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a set of teeth formed on said base member and a pawl formed on said slider member, said pawl being sized to engage at least one tooth formed on said base member when said slider member is slidably engaged with said base member, the engagement of the pawl and at least one tooth holding the slider member in fixed relation with respect to said base member. 15. The holder of claim 13, wherein said base member and said slider member comprise polypropylene. 16. The holder of claim 13, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the back plate portion and a thickness of the strut portion. 17. The holder of claim 16, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the back plate portion and the strut portion are about 2.3 mm. 18. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a hinge portion connecting the spreader portion and the strut portion. 19. The holder of claim 18, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the spreader portion and a thickness of the strut portion. 20. The holder of claim 19, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the spreader portion and the strut portion are about 2.3 mm. 21. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a hinge portion connecting the first jaw and the back plate portion. 22. The holder of claim 21, wherein the hinge portion comprises at least one generally elongate transverse section having a thickness that is less than a thickness of the back plate portion and a thickness of the first jaw portion. 23. The holder of claim 22, wherein the thickness of transverse section of the hinge portion is about 0.5 mm and wherein the thicknesses of the back plate portion and the first jaw portion are about 2.3 mm. 24. The holder of claim 13, wherein the spreader member defines a plurality of slots therein that are positioned in generally parallel, spaced-apart relation along a length of the spreader member, and wherein the opening defined in the back plate portion has a tongue sized to engage the slots defined by the spreader member. 25. The holder of claim 13, further comprising a securing material provided on said strut portion, said securing material allowing said holder to be releasably secured to a surface. 26. The holder of claim 25, wherein said securing material comprises a hook portion of a hook and loop fastening system and wherein the surface comprises at least a portion that is releasably engagable with the hook portion. 27. The holder of claim 25, wherein said securing material comprises an adhesive foam pad. 28. A method of holding a mobile device in a desired position, comprising:
providing a mobile device holder, the mobile device holder comprising:
a back plate;
a strut operatively associated with the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate;
a strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut to hold the back plate and the strut in a desired position;
a first jaw operatively associated with the back plate, the first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and
a second jaw operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw, the second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device;
positioning a back surface of the mobile device in abutting relationship with the back plate of the mobile device holder so that at least a portion of the first jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device; moving the second jaw until at least a portion of the second jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device so that the mobile device is held between the first and second jaws; moving the strut away from the back plate to the desired position, the strut lock holding the strut in the desired position. 29. A method of holding a mobile device in a desired position, comprising:
providing a mobile device holder, the mobile device holder comprising:
a back plate;
a strut operatively associated with to the back plate so that the strut can be moved with respect to the back plate;
a securing material provided on at least a portion of said strut;
a strut lock operatively associated with the back plate and the strut to hold the back plate and the strut in a desired position;
a first jaw operatively associated with the back plate, the first jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device; and
a second jaw operatively associated with the back plate so that the second jaw can be moved toward and away from the first jaw, the second jaw being sized to engage a portion of the mobile device;
positioning a back surface of the mobile device in abutting relationship with the back plate of the mobile device holder so that at least a portion of the first jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device; moving the second jaw with respect to the back plate until at least a portion of the second jaw is engaged with a portion of the mobile device so that the mobile device is held between the first and second jaws; and urging the strut against a surface with a force sufficient to engage the securing material with the surface, the securing material holding the holder and attached mobile device to the surface. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising moving the strut away from the back plate to the desired position, the strut lock holding the strut in the desired position before performing said urging the strut against the surface, the desired position holding the mobile device at a desired angle with respect to said surface. 31. A holder for holding a mobile device comprising a generally rectangularly-shaped base member defining a back plate portion, a strut portion, and a slider portion, the strut portion being connected to the back plate portion by a hinge portion, said strut portion having an opening formed therein that defines a spreader member, said back plate portion having a first opening formed therein that defines a first jaw, a second opening therein that is sized to releasably engage the spreader member, and a third opening therein that is sized to receive the slider portion, said slider portion having an opening formed therein that defines a second jaw, said slider portion being connected to said back plate portion by an expanded mesh portion, the expanded mesh portion biasing the second jaw toward the first jaw. | 2,600 |
349,917 | 350,791 | 16,854,684 | 2,641 | A system configured to generate and/or modify three-dimensional scenes comprising animated character(s) based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings. The system may comprise sensor(s), display(s), and/or processor(s). The system may receive selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space, receive a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character, and/or record first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character. The system may receive selection of a second character to virtually embody, receive a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character, and/or record second motion capture information. The system may generate a compiled virtual reality scene wherein the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. | 1. A system configured to generate and/or modify three-dimensional scenes comprising animated characters based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings, the system comprising:
one or more sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to motion and/or sound made by one or more users in physical space, the sensors being configured to capture the motion and/or the sound made by the one or more users; one or more displays that present virtual reality content to one or more users, wherein presentation of the virtual reality content via a display simulates presence of a user within a virtual space that is fixed relative to physical space, wherein the one or more displays are configured to present options for recording the motion and/or the sound for one or more of the characters within the virtual space; one or more processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
receive selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space such that virtually embodying the first character enables a first user to record the motion and/or the sound to be made by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character;
record first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character, wherein the first motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive selection of a second character to virtually embody, wherein the second character is separate and distinct from the first character, and wherein virtually embodying the second character enables the first user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character;
record second motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the second character, wherein the second motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the second character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; and
generate the compiled virtual reality scene including animation of the first character and the second character such that the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to:
contemporaneous to receiving the selection of the first character, receive selection of a third character to virtually embody, wherein the third character is separate and distinct from the first character and the second character, and wherein virtually embodying the third character enables a second user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the third character within the compiled virtual reality scene; contemporaneous to receiving the first request, receive a third request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the third character; contemporaneous to recording the first motion capture information, record third motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the second user as the second user virtually embodies the third character, wherein the third motion capture information is captured in a manner such that the actions of the second user are manifested by the third character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character and the actions of the first user manifested by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene, such that the compiled virtual reality scene includes animation of the first character, the second character, and the third character such that the first character, the second character, and the third character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first user and the second user are different. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first user and the second user are associated with different computing devices located at different physical locations. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, the second motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, and the third motion capture information characterizes the motion made by the second user and the sound made by a third user. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the third user is different from the first user and the second user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual reality content includes an editing scene, wherein the editing scene is an editing version of the compiled scene that is presented to the one or more users while recording motion capture information for one or more characters, such that responsive to receiving the second request to capture the motion and/or sound for the second character, the editing scene includes a manifestation of the first user's actions by the first character presented contemporaneously to the first user while the second motion capture information is being recorded, and wherein the displays are configured to present the editing scene including one or more manifestations of one or more users' actions by one or more characters based on previously recorded motion capture information while recording subsequent motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the users as the users virtually embody one or more characters. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of a start time within a timeline of the compiled scene that indicates when the first character should start manifesting the actions of the first user within the compiled virtual reality scene during playback of the compiled virtual reality scene. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of one or more virtual objects, virtual scenery themes, and/or virtual scenery items for placement within an editing scene to be reflected in the compiled virtual reality scene. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of a first facial expression for the first character, such that the first motion capture information includes the first facial expression for the first character and one or more of the actions of the first user are manifested in the compiled virtual reality scene by the first character with the first facial expression. 11. A method for generating and/or modifying three-dimensional scenes comprising animated characters based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings, the method being implemented by one or more sensors, displays, and/or processors configured to perform the method, the method comprising:
generating, by the one or more sensors, output signals conveying information related to motion and/or sound made by one or more users in physical space, the sensors being configured to capture the motion and/or the sound made by the one or more users; presenting, via the one or more displays, virtual reality content to one or more users, wherein presentation of the virtual reality content via a display simulates presence of a user within a virtual space that is fixed relative to physical space, wherein the one or more displays are configured to present options for recording the motion and/or the sound for one or more of the characters within the virtual space; receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space such that virtually embodying the first character enables a first user to record the motion and/or the sound to be made by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character; recording, by the one or more processors, first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character, wherein the first motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a second character to virtually embody, wherein the second character is separate and distinct from the first character, and wherein virtually embodying the second character enables the first user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character; recording, by the one or more processors, second motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the second character, wherein the second motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the second character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; and generating, by the one or more processors, the compiled virtual reality scene including animation of the first character and the second character such that the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
contemporaneous to receiving the selection of the first character, receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a third character to virtually embody, wherein the third character is separate and distinct from the first character and the second character, and wherein virtually embodying the third character enables a second user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the third character within the compiled virtual reality scene; contemporaneous to receiving the first request, receiving, at the one or more processors, a third request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the third character; contemporaneous to recording the first motion capture information, recording, by the one or more processors, third motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the second user as the second user virtually embodies the third character, wherein the third motion capture information is captured in a manner such that the actions of the second user are manifested by the third character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character and the actions of the first user manifested by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene, such that the compiled virtual reality scene includes animation of the first character, the second character, and the third character such that the first character, the second character, and the third character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first user and the second user are different. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first user the second user are associated with different computing devices located at different physical locations. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, the second motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, and the third motion capture information characterizes the motion made by the second user and the sound made by a third user. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the third user is different from the first user and the second user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the virtual reality content includes an editing scene, wherein the editing scene is an editing version of the compiled scene that is presented to the one or more users while recording motion capture information for one or more characters, such that responsive to receiving the second request to capture the motion and/or sound for the second character, the editing scene includes a manifestation of the first user's actions by the first character presented contemporaneously to the first user while the second motion capture information is being recorded, and wherein the displays are configured to present the editing scene including one or more manifestations of one or more users' actions by one or more characters based on previously recorded motion capture information while recording subsequent motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the users as the users virtually embody one or more characters. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a start time within a timeline of the compiled scene that indicates when the first character should start manifesting the actions of the first user within the compiled virtual reality scene during playback of the compiled virtual reality scene. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of one or more virtual objects, virtual scenery themes, and/or virtual scenery items for placement within an editing scene to be reflected in the compiled virtual reality scene. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a first facial expression for the first character, such that the first motion capture information includes the first facial expression for the first character and one or more of the actions of the first user are manifested in the compiled virtual reality scene by the first character with the first facial expression. | A system configured to generate and/or modify three-dimensional scenes comprising animated character(s) based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings. The system may comprise sensor(s), display(s), and/or processor(s). The system may receive selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space, receive a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character, and/or record first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character. The system may receive selection of a second character to virtually embody, receive a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character, and/or record second motion capture information. The system may generate a compiled virtual reality scene wherein the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously.1. A system configured to generate and/or modify three-dimensional scenes comprising animated characters based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings, the system comprising:
one or more sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to motion and/or sound made by one or more users in physical space, the sensors being configured to capture the motion and/or the sound made by the one or more users; one or more displays that present virtual reality content to one or more users, wherein presentation of the virtual reality content via a display simulates presence of a user within a virtual space that is fixed relative to physical space, wherein the one or more displays are configured to present options for recording the motion and/or the sound for one or more of the characters within the virtual space; one or more processors configured by machine-readable instructions to:
receive selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space such that virtually embodying the first character enables a first user to record the motion and/or the sound to be made by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character;
record first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character, wherein the first motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive selection of a second character to virtually embody, wherein the second character is separate and distinct from the first character, and wherein virtually embodying the second character enables the first user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene;
receive a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character;
record second motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the second character, wherein the second motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the second character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; and
generate the compiled virtual reality scene including animation of the first character and the second character such that the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to:
contemporaneous to receiving the selection of the first character, receive selection of a third character to virtually embody, wherein the third character is separate and distinct from the first character and the second character, and wherein virtually embodying the third character enables a second user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the third character within the compiled virtual reality scene; contemporaneous to receiving the first request, receive a third request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the third character; contemporaneous to recording the first motion capture information, record third motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the second user as the second user virtually embodies the third character, wherein the third motion capture information is captured in a manner such that the actions of the second user are manifested by the third character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character and the actions of the first user manifested by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene, such that the compiled virtual reality scene includes animation of the first character, the second character, and the third character such that the first character, the second character, and the third character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the first user and the second user are different. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the first user and the second user are associated with different computing devices located at different physical locations. 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, the second motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, and the third motion capture information characterizes the motion made by the second user and the sound made by a third user. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the third user is different from the first user and the second user. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the virtual reality content includes an editing scene, wherein the editing scene is an editing version of the compiled scene that is presented to the one or more users while recording motion capture information for one or more characters, such that responsive to receiving the second request to capture the motion and/or sound for the second character, the editing scene includes a manifestation of the first user's actions by the first character presented contemporaneously to the first user while the second motion capture information is being recorded, and wherein the displays are configured to present the editing scene including one or more manifestations of one or more users' actions by one or more characters based on previously recorded motion capture information while recording subsequent motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the users as the users virtually embody one or more characters. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of a start time within a timeline of the compiled scene that indicates when the first character should start manifesting the actions of the first user within the compiled virtual reality scene during playback of the compiled virtual reality scene. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of one or more virtual objects, virtual scenery themes, and/or virtual scenery items for placement within an editing scene to be reflected in the compiled virtual reality scene. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are further configured by machine-readable instructions to receive selection of a first facial expression for the first character, such that the first motion capture information includes the first facial expression for the first character and one or more of the actions of the first user are manifested in the compiled virtual reality scene by the first character with the first facial expression. 11. A method for generating and/or modifying three-dimensional scenes comprising animated characters based on individual asynchronous motion capture recordings, the method being implemented by one or more sensors, displays, and/or processors configured to perform the method, the method comprising:
generating, by the one or more sensors, output signals conveying information related to motion and/or sound made by one or more users in physical space, the sensors being configured to capture the motion and/or the sound made by the one or more users; presenting, via the one or more displays, virtual reality content to one or more users, wherein presentation of the virtual reality content via a display simulates presence of a user within a virtual space that is fixed relative to physical space, wherein the one or more displays are configured to present options for recording the motion and/or the sound for one or more of the characters within the virtual space; receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a first character to virtually embody within the virtual space such that virtually embodying the first character enables a first user to record the motion and/or the sound to be made by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, a first request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the first character; recording, by the one or more processors, first motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the first character, wherein the first motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a second character to virtually embody, wherein the second character is separate and distinct from the first character, and wherein virtually embodying the second character enables the first user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene; receiving, at the one or more processors, a second request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the second character; recording, by the one or more processors, second motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user as the first user virtually embodies the second character, wherein the second motion capture information is captured in a manner such that actions of the first user are manifested by the second character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character within the compiled virtual reality scene; and generating, by the one or more processors, the compiled virtual reality scene including animation of the first character and the second character such that the first character and the second character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:
contemporaneous to receiving the selection of the first character, receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a third character to virtually embody, wherein the third character is separate and distinct from the first character and the second character, and wherein virtually embodying the third character enables a second user to record one or more of the motion and/or the sound to be made by the third character within the compiled virtual reality scene; contemporaneous to receiving the first request, receiving, at the one or more processors, a third request to capture the motion and/or the sound for the third character; contemporaneous to recording the first motion capture information, recording, by the one or more processors, third motion capture information that characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the second user as the second user virtually embodies the third character, wherein the third motion capture information is captured in a manner such that the actions of the second user are manifested by the third character contemporaneously with the actions of the first user manifested by the first character and the actions of the first user manifested by the second character within the compiled virtual reality scene, such that the compiled virtual reality scene includes animation of the first character, the second character, and the third character such that the first character, the second character, and the third character appear animated within the compiled virtual reality scene contemporaneously. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first user and the second user are different. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the first user the second user are associated with different computing devices located at different physical locations. 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the first motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, the second motion capture information characterizes the motion and/or the sound made by the first user, and the third motion capture information characterizes the motion made by the second user and the sound made by a third user. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the third user is different from the first user and the second user. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the virtual reality content includes an editing scene, wherein the editing scene is an editing version of the compiled scene that is presented to the one or more users while recording motion capture information for one or more characters, such that responsive to receiving the second request to capture the motion and/or sound for the second character, the editing scene includes a manifestation of the first user's actions by the first character presented contemporaneously to the first user while the second motion capture information is being recorded, and wherein the displays are configured to present the editing scene including one or more manifestations of one or more users' actions by one or more characters based on previously recorded motion capture information while recording subsequent motion capture information characterizing the motion and/or the sound made by the users as the users virtually embody one or more characters. 18. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a start time within a timeline of the compiled scene that indicates when the first character should start manifesting the actions of the first user within the compiled virtual reality scene during playback of the compiled virtual reality scene. 19. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of one or more virtual objects, virtual scenery themes, and/or virtual scenery items for placement within an editing scene to be reflected in the compiled virtual reality scene. 20. The method of claim 11, further comprising receiving, at the one or more processors, selection of a first facial expression for the first character, such that the first motion capture information includes the first facial expression for the first character and one or more of the actions of the first user are manifested in the compiled virtual reality scene by the first character with the first facial expression. | 2,600 |
349,918 | 350,792 | 16,854,707 | 2,641 | The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, nucleic acid encoding the same, therapeutic compositions thereof, and their use enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity. | 1. An isolated heavy chain variable region polypeptide comprising an HVR-H1, HVR-H2 and HVR-H3 sequence, wherein: 2-95. (canceled) | The present application relates to anti-PD-L1 antibodies, nucleic acid encoding the same, therapeutic compositions thereof, and their use enhance T-cell function to upregulate cell-mediated immune responses and for the treatment of T cell dysfunctional disorders, including infection (e.g., acute and chronic) and tumor immunity.1. An isolated heavy chain variable region polypeptide comprising an HVR-H1, HVR-H2 and HVR-H3 sequence, wherein: 2-95. (canceled) | 2,600 |
349,919 | 350,793 | 16,854,612 | 2,641 | The present disclosure describes methods and systems for measuring crosswind speed by optical measurement of laser scintillation. One method includes projecting radiation into a medium, receiving, over time, with a photodetector receiver, a plurality of scintillation patterns of scattered radiation, comparing cumulative a radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns, and measuring a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium using the compared cumulative radiation intensities. | 1. A device for optically measuring crosswind, comprising:
a laser transmitter adapted to illuminate a target with a laser through an atmosphere; a receiver comprising a single photodiode and adapted to analyze a return path of the laser through the atmosphere, the receiver receiving modulated scattered laser radiation due to temperature gradients in the atmosphere; and the device adapted to compare intensities of the received modulated scattered laser radiation from the receiver and measures a crosswind profile along a path to the target. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising another receiver spaced apart from the receiver at a particular distance. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the single photodiode is coupled with optics. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the optics further comprise micro optics coupled with diaphragms that selectively permit illumination of different parts of the single photodiode. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the single photodiode is a quadrant photodetector. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises collection optics used to optically filter or isolate, using at least one of polarization or diffraction techniques, the modulated scattered laser radiation in the atmosphere. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter is one of a light emitting diode (LED), a super-luminescent diode (SLED), a liquid laser, a gas laser, or a solid laser. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter is adapted to emit a laser of differing power, frequency, or optical property. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the extracted crosswind profile; and a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the extracted crosswind profile. 10. The device of claim 9, further comprising the processor configured to initiate transmission of data associated with the ballistic solution to a sighting device. 11. A device for optically measuring a cross-movement profile within a medium to a target, comprising:
a plurality of receivers spaced apart at a particular distance, each receiver adapted to receive, over time, a plurality of snapshots of a moving scintillation pattern of modulated scattered radiation from a substantially common direction, the movement of the scintillation pattern due to temperature gradients in a medium; and the device adapted to compare intensities of the received moving scintillation pattern snapshots from each receiver and to measure a cross-movement profile within the medium, the measurement of the cross-movement profile a function of the particular spacing between, and a size of, each of the plurality of receivers. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas. 13. The device of claim 11, further comprising a radiation emitter. 14. The device of claim 11, further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the measured cross-movement profile within the medium; and a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the measured cross-movement profile within the medium. 15. A method for measuring cross-movement within a medium to a target for medium-profiling purposes, comprising:
projecting radiation into a medium; receiving, over time, with a photodetector receiver, a plurality of scintillation patterns of scattered radiation; comparing a cumulative radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns; and measuring a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium using the compared cumulative radiation intensities. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
calculating a ballistic solution for a projectile using at least the calculated cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium; and calculating a weapon aiming offset using the calculated ballistic solution. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a particular scintillation pattern is moving; determining a direction-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern; and determining a speed-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the determination that the particular scintillation pattern is moving is performed by a cross-covariance computation between two or more scintillation patterns. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing a multi-axis scintillation pattern movement determination. | The present disclosure describes methods and systems for measuring crosswind speed by optical measurement of laser scintillation. One method includes projecting radiation into a medium, receiving, over time, with a photodetector receiver, a plurality of scintillation patterns of scattered radiation, comparing cumulative a radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns, and measuring a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium using the compared cumulative radiation intensities.1. A device for optically measuring crosswind, comprising:
a laser transmitter adapted to illuminate a target with a laser through an atmosphere; a receiver comprising a single photodiode and adapted to analyze a return path of the laser through the atmosphere, the receiver receiving modulated scattered laser radiation due to temperature gradients in the atmosphere; and the device adapted to compare intensities of the received modulated scattered laser radiation from the receiver and measures a crosswind profile along a path to the target. 2. The device of claim 1, further comprising another receiver spaced apart from the receiver at a particular distance. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein the single photodiode is coupled with optics. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the optics further comprise micro optics coupled with diaphragms that selectively permit illumination of different parts of the single photodiode. 5. The device of claim 1, wherein the single photodiode is a quadrant photodetector. 6. The device of claim 1, wherein the receiver further comprises collection optics used to optically filter or isolate, using at least one of polarization or diffraction techniques, the modulated scattered laser radiation in the atmosphere. 7. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter is one of a light emitting diode (LED), a super-luminescent diode (SLED), a liquid laser, a gas laser, or a solid laser. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the laser transmitter is adapted to emit a laser of differing power, frequency, or optical property. 9. The device of claim 1, further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the extracted crosswind profile; and a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the extracted crosswind profile. 10. The device of claim 9, further comprising the processor configured to initiate transmission of data associated with the ballistic solution to a sighting device. 11. A device for optically measuring a cross-movement profile within a medium to a target, comprising:
a plurality of receivers spaced apart at a particular distance, each receiver adapted to receive, over time, a plurality of snapshots of a moving scintillation pattern of modulated scattered radiation from a substantially common direction, the movement of the scintillation pattern due to temperature gradients in a medium; and the device adapted to compare intensities of the received moving scintillation pattern snapshots from each receiver and to measure a cross-movement profile within the medium, the measurement of the cross-movement profile a function of the particular spacing between, and a size of, each of the plurality of receivers. 12. The device of claim 11, wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas. 13. The device of claim 11, further comprising a radiation emitter. 14. The device of claim 11, further comprising:
a memory configured to hold the measured cross-movement profile within the medium; and a processor interoperably coupled to the memory and configured to calculate a ballistic solution using the measured cross-movement profile within the medium. 15. A method for measuring cross-movement within a medium to a target for medium-profiling purposes, comprising:
projecting radiation into a medium; receiving, over time, with a photodetector receiver, a plurality of scintillation patterns of scattered radiation; comparing a cumulative radiation intensity for each received scintillation pattern of the received plurality of scintillation patterns; and measuring a cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium using the compared cumulative radiation intensities. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the medium is one of a liquid or a gas. 17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
calculating a ballistic solution for a projectile using at least the calculated cumulative weighted average cross-movement within the medium; and calculating a weapon aiming offset using the calculated ballistic solution. 18. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
determining that a particular scintillation pattern is moving; determining a direction-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern; and determining a speed-of-movement for the particular scintillation pattern. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the determination that the particular scintillation pattern is moving is performed by a cross-covariance computation between two or more scintillation patterns. 20. The method of claim 18, further comprising providing a multi-axis scintillation pattern movement determination. | 2,600 |
349,920 | 350,794 | 16,854,717 | 2,641 | The present invention provides a method for the prevention or treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that increases Nix-mediated mitophagy in a cell. Also provided is a method for identifying a compound useful for the prevention or treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject. | 1. A method for the treating or reducing the probability of developing a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, comprising the steps of:
a. identifying a subject as having impaired parkin-mediated mitophagy, and b. administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that increases Nix-mediated mitophagy in a cell, wherein the agent increases the biological activity or expression of a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide in a cell, and wherein the agent comprises a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide; an expression vector encoding a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide; or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises an expression vector encoding a Nix polypeptide thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises a Nix polypeptide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). 5. The method according to according claim 1, wherein the cell is a neuron or a neuronal precursor. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group comprising Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Parkinson's disease. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said subject possesses a mutation in parkin and/or PINK1. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said subject has a reduced expression of parkin and/or PINK1. | The present invention provides a method for the prevention or treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that increases Nix-mediated mitophagy in a cell. Also provided is a method for identifying a compound useful for the prevention or treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject.1. A method for the treating or reducing the probability of developing a neurodegenerative disorder in a subject, comprising the steps of:
a. identifying a subject as having impaired parkin-mediated mitophagy, and b. administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that increases Nix-mediated mitophagy in a cell, wherein the agent increases the biological activity or expression of a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide in a cell, and wherein the agent comprises a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide; an expression vector encoding a Nix polypeptide and/or a GABARAP-L1 polypeptide; or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises an expression vector encoding a Nix polypeptide thereof. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises a Nix polypeptide. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agent comprises phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). 5. The method according to according claim 1, wherein the cell is a neuron or a neuronal precursor. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is selected from the group comprising Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Lewy body dementia, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein the neurodegenerative disorder is Parkinson's disease. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein said subject possesses a mutation in parkin and/or PINK1. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein said subject has a reduced expression of parkin and/or PINK1. | 2,600 |
349,921 | 350,795 | 16,854,657 | 2,641 | A photometry device can include a first to emit light to a target in response to a first current through the first LED, a second LED to emit light to the target in response to a second current through the second LED, and an inductor, coupled to the first and second LEDs, to store energy associated with at least one of the first and second currents. | 1. A photometry circuit for measuring a characteristic of a target, comprising:
a pulse sub-circuit configured to generate a first variable amplitude current pulse; a first light source electrically coupled to the pulse sub-circuit, the first light source configured to emit first emitted light towards the target using the first variable amplitude pulse; a first charge storage element electrically coupled to the first light source, the first charge storage element configured to store an amount of charge provided to the first light source by the first variable amplitude current pulse; a photosensor positioned to detect first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; an integrator configured to integrate a current associated with the first received light to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; a second light source; and a switch positioned to, when actuated, release the amount of charge stored at the first charge storage element to provide a second variable amplitude current pulse to the second light source, wherein the second light source is configured to emit second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse; and a control circuit configured to determine a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 2. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the photosensor is positioned to detect second received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light, and wherein the integrator is configured to integrate a current associated with the second received light to generate a second integrated current. 3. The photometry circuit of claim 2, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 4. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the first light source emits the first emitted light at a first wavelength, and wherein the second light source emits the second emitted light at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength. 5. The photometry circuit of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further configured to use a difference in light absorbed by the portion of the target between the first wavelength and the second wavelength to provide a measure of peripheral O2 saturation. 6. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to selectively couple the first charge storage element to first and second reference voltages, wherein the first variable amplitude current pulse is generated when the switch couples the first charge storage element to the first reference voltage, and wherein the second variable amplitude current pulse is generated when the switch couples the first charge storage element to the second reference voltage. 7. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse, determining a first potential across the first charge storage element; after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the first charge storage element, determining a second potential across the first charge storage element; and determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. 8. The photometry circuit of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising determining an amount of light absorbed by the portion of the target using the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse and the amount of charge corresponding to the first received light. 9. A photometry method fur measuring a characteristic of a target, the method comprising:
generating a first variable amplitude current pulse; emitting first emitted light towards the target using a first light source and the first variable amplitude pulse; storing an amount of charge provided to the first light source by the first variable amplitude current pulse using a first charge storage element electrically coupled to the first light source; detecting, using a photosensor, first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; integrating a current associated with the first received light using an integrator to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; actuating a switch to release the amount of charge stored at the first charge storage element, wherein the releasing generates a second variable amplitude current pulse; emitting second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse and a second light source; and determining a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 10. The photometry method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting, using the photosensor, second received light received from at east a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light; and integrating a current associated with the second received light using the integrator to generate a second integrated current. 11. The photometry method of claim 10, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 12. The photometry method of claim 9, wherein the first emitted light comprises light having a first wavelength and the second emitted light comprises light having a second wavelength different than the first wavelength, further comprising measuring a differential response to determine a composition characteristic of the target. 13. The photometry method of claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the target s a peripheral O2 saturation. 14. The photometry method of claim 9, further comprising:
before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse, determining a first potential across the first charge storage element; after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the first charge storage element, determining a second potential across the first charge storage element; and determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. 15. The photometry method of claim 14, further comprising determining an amount of light absorbed by the portion of the target using the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse and the amount of charge corresponding to the first received light. 16. A photometry system for measuring a characteristic of a target, the photometry system comprising:
means for generating a first variable amplitude current pulse; means for emitting first emitted light towards the target using the first variable amplitude pulse; means for storing an amount of charge provided to the means for emitting the first emitted light by the first variable amplitude current pulse; means for detecting first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; means for integrating a current associated with the first received light to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; means for releasing the amount of charge stored at the means for storing the amount of charge, wherein the releasing generates a second variable amplitude current pulse; means for emitting second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse; and means for determining a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 17. The photometry system of claim 16, further comprising:
means for detecting second received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light; and means for integrating a current associated with the second received light to generate a second integrated current. 18. The photometry system of claim 17, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 19. The photometry system of claim 16, wherein the first emitted light comprises light having a first wavelength and the second emitted light comprises light having a second wavelength different than the first wavelength, further comprising means for measuring a differential response to determine a composition characteristic of the target. 20. The photometry system of claim 16, further comprising:
means for determining a first potential across the means for storing the amount of charge before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse; means for determining a second potential across the means for storing the amount of charge after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the means for storing the amount of charge; and means for determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. | A photometry device can include a first to emit light to a target in response to a first current through the first LED, a second LED to emit light to the target in response to a second current through the second LED, and an inductor, coupled to the first and second LEDs, to store energy associated with at least one of the first and second currents.1. A photometry circuit for measuring a characteristic of a target, comprising:
a pulse sub-circuit configured to generate a first variable amplitude current pulse; a first light source electrically coupled to the pulse sub-circuit, the first light source configured to emit first emitted light towards the target using the first variable amplitude pulse; a first charge storage element electrically coupled to the first light source, the first charge storage element configured to store an amount of charge provided to the first light source by the first variable amplitude current pulse; a photosensor positioned to detect first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; an integrator configured to integrate a current associated with the first received light to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; a second light source; and a switch positioned to, when actuated, release the amount of charge stored at the first charge storage element to provide a second variable amplitude current pulse to the second light source, wherein the second light source is configured to emit second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse; and a control circuit configured to determine a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 2. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the photosensor is positioned to detect second received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light, and wherein the integrator is configured to integrate a current associated with the second received light to generate a second integrated current. 3. The photometry circuit of claim 2, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 4. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the first light source emits the first emitted light at a first wavelength, and wherein the second light source emits the second emitted light at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength. 5. The photometry circuit of claim 4, wherein the control circuit is further configured to use a difference in light absorbed by the portion of the target between the first wavelength and the second wavelength to provide a measure of peripheral O2 saturation. 6. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the switch is configured to selectively couple the first charge storage element to first and second reference voltages, wherein the first variable amplitude current pulse is generated when the switch couples the first charge storage element to the first reference voltage, and wherein the second variable amplitude current pulse is generated when the switch couples the first charge storage element to the second reference voltage. 7. The photometry circuit of claim 1, wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising:
before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse, determining a first potential across the first charge storage element; after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the first charge storage element, determining a second potential across the first charge storage element; and determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. 8. The photometry circuit of claim 7, wherein the control circuit is further configured to perform operations comprising determining an amount of light absorbed by the portion of the target using the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse and the amount of charge corresponding to the first received light. 9. A photometry method fur measuring a characteristic of a target, the method comprising:
generating a first variable amplitude current pulse; emitting first emitted light towards the target using a first light source and the first variable amplitude pulse; storing an amount of charge provided to the first light source by the first variable amplitude current pulse using a first charge storage element electrically coupled to the first light source; detecting, using a photosensor, first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; integrating a current associated with the first received light using an integrator to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; actuating a switch to release the amount of charge stored at the first charge storage element, wherein the releasing generates a second variable amplitude current pulse; emitting second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse and a second light source; and determining a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 10. The photometry method of claim 9, further comprising:
detecting, using the photosensor, second received light received from at east a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light; and integrating a current associated with the second received light using the integrator to generate a second integrated current. 11. The photometry method of claim 10, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 12. The photometry method of claim 9, wherein the first emitted light comprises light having a first wavelength and the second emitted light comprises light having a second wavelength different than the first wavelength, further comprising measuring a differential response to determine a composition characteristic of the target. 13. The photometry method of claim 12, wherein the characteristic of the target s a peripheral O2 saturation. 14. The photometry method of claim 9, further comprising:
before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse, determining a first potential across the first charge storage element; after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the first charge storage element, determining a second potential across the first charge storage element; and determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. 15. The photometry method of claim 14, further comprising determining an amount of light absorbed by the portion of the target using the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse and the amount of charge corresponding to the first received light. 16. A photometry system for measuring a characteristic of a target, the photometry system comprising:
means for generating a first variable amplitude current pulse; means for emitting first emitted light towards the target using the first variable amplitude pulse; means for storing an amount of charge provided to the means for emitting the first emitted light by the first variable amplitude current pulse; means for detecting first received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the first emitted light; means for integrating a current associated with the first received light to generate a first integrated current indicating an amount of charge corresponding to the first received light; means for releasing the amount of charge stored at the means for storing the amount of charge, wherein the releasing generates a second variable amplitude current pulse; means for emitting second emitted light towards the target using the second variable amplitude current pulse; and means for determining a characteristic of the target based at least in part on the first integrated current and the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse. 17. The photometry system of claim 16, further comprising:
means for detecting second received light received from at least a portion of the target in response to the second emitted light; and means for integrating a current associated with the second received light to generate a second integrated current. 18. The photometry system of claim 17, wherein the determining of the characteristic of the target is also based at least in part on second received light and the second integrated current. 19. The photometry system of claim 16, wherein the first emitted light comprises light having a first wavelength and the second emitted light comprises light having a second wavelength different than the first wavelength, further comprising means for measuring a differential response to determine a composition characteristic of the target. 20. The photometry system of claim 16, further comprising:
means for determining a first potential across the means for storing the amount of charge before generating the first variable amplitude current pulse; means for determining a second potential across the means for storing the amount of charge after storing the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse at the means for storing the amount of charge; and means for determining the amount of charge used in the first variable amplitude current pulse using the first potential and the second potential. | 2,600 |
349,922 | 350,796 | 16,854,709 | 2,641 | A method is provided that stores, in a second memory, an index structure including, for each given word from among words included in documents, a group of document IDs of documents including the given word. The method stores an index structure subset in a main memory which is faster than secondary memory. The method acquires a keyword and identifies any documents including the keyword. The method finds top-K frequent words among the words included in the identified documents by: identifying, for each given group in descending order of the number of the documents IDs therein, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure otherwise; and presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. | 1. A computer-implemented method for storing data, comprising:
storing an index structure in a secondary memory, the index structure including, for each given word from among words comprised in documents, a group of document IDs of the documents which comprise the given word, wherein groups in the index structure are listed in descending order of a number of documents IDs therein; storing a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb; acquiring a keyword from a query; identifying any of the documents which include the keyword; finding top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the main memory is a Random Access Memory (RAM) and the second memory is a Hard-Disk Drive (HDD). 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the index structure is configured to be updatable. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising selectively updating the index structure or the subset of the index structure by adding a new group thereto, responsive to a request of adding a new document to the index structure. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is set to a value of a number of the words in a respective one of the documents. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is estimated by an average of early-outs of past queries. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the groups in the subset exclude a respective one of the groups having a largest value for the number of documents IDs therein. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising presetting a value for Na to be greater than a number of occurrences of a most occurring one of the words in the documents. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising estimating values for Na and Nb that satisfy a condition of memory usage and an expected processing-time upper-bound. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the range is selected to include the words with a moderate access frequency of occurrence relative to remaining ones of the words. 11. A computer program product for storing data, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
storing an index structure in a secondary memory, the index structure including, for each given word from among words comprised in documents, a group of document IDs of the documents which comprise the given word, wherein groups in the index structure are listed in descending order of a number of documents IDs therein; storing a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb; acquiring a keyword from a query; identifying any of the documents which include the keyword; finding top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the main memory is a Random Access Memory (RAM) and the second memory is a Hard-Disk Drive (HDD). 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the index structure is configured to be updatable. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising selectively updating the index structure or the subset of the index structure by adding a new group thereto, responsive to a request of adding a new document to the index structure. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is set to a value of a number of the words in a respective one of the documents. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is estimated by an average of early-outs of past queries. 17. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the groups in the subset exclude a respective one of the groups having a largest value for the number of documents IDs therein. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising presetting a value for Na to be greater than a number of occurrences of a most occurring one of the words in the documents. 19. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising estimating values for Na and Nb that satisfy a condition of memory usage and an expected processing-time upper-bound. 20. A computer processing system for determining command-to-process correspondence, comprising:
a memory device including program code stored thereon; a hardware processor, operatively coupled to the memory device, and configured to run the program code stored on the memory device to
store a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb;
acquire a keyword from a query;
identify any of the documents which include the keyword;
find top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. | A method is provided that stores, in a second memory, an index structure including, for each given word from among words included in documents, a group of document IDs of documents including the given word. The method stores an index structure subset in a main memory which is faster than secondary memory. The method acquires a keyword and identifies any documents including the keyword. The method finds top-K frequent words among the words included in the identified documents by: identifying, for each given group in descending order of the number of the documents IDs therein, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure otherwise; and presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified.1. A computer-implemented method for storing data, comprising:
storing an index structure in a secondary memory, the index structure including, for each given word from among words comprised in documents, a group of document IDs of the documents which comprise the given word, wherein groups in the index structure are listed in descending order of a number of documents IDs therein; storing a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb; acquiring a keyword from a query; identifying any of the documents which include the keyword; finding top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the main memory is a Random Access Memory (RAM) and the second memory is a Hard-Disk Drive (HDD). 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the index structure is configured to be updatable. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising selectively updating the index structure or the subset of the index structure by adding a new group thereto, responsive to a request of adding a new document to the index structure. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is set to a value of a number of the words in a respective one of the documents. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is estimated by an average of early-outs of past queries. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the groups in the subset exclude a respective one of the groups having a largest value for the number of documents IDs therein. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising presetting a value for Na to be greater than a number of occurrences of a most occurring one of the words in the documents. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising estimating values for Na and Nb that satisfy a condition of memory usage and an expected processing-time upper-bound. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the range is selected to include the words with a moderate access frequency of occurrence relative to remaining ones of the words. 11. A computer program product for storing data, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a computer to cause the computer to perform a method comprising:
storing an index structure in a secondary memory, the index structure including, for each given word from among words comprised in documents, a group of document IDs of the documents which comprise the given word, wherein groups in the index structure are listed in descending order of a number of documents IDs therein; storing a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb; acquiring a keyword from a query; identifying any of the documents which include the keyword; finding top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. 12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the main memory is a Random Access Memory (RAM) and the second memory is a Hard-Disk Drive (HDD). 13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the index structure is configured to be updatable. 14. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising selectively updating the index structure or the subset of the index structure by adding a new group thereto, responsive to a request of adding a new document to the index structure. 15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is set to a value of a number of the words in a respective one of the documents. 16. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein, for each respective one of the groups, Nb is estimated by an average of early-outs of past queries. 17. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the groups in the subset exclude a respective one of the groups having a largest value for the number of documents IDs therein. 18. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising presetting a value for Na to be greater than a number of occurrences of a most occurring one of the words in the documents. 19. The computer program product of claim 11, further comprising estimating values for Na and Nb that satisfy a condition of memory usage and an expected processing-time upper-bound. 20. A computer processing system for determining command-to-process correspondence, comprising:
a memory device including program code stored thereon; a hardware processor, operatively coupled to the memory device, and configured to run the program code stored on the memory device to
store a subset of the index structure in a main memory having a faster access time than the secondary memory, the number of documents IDs in each of groups in the subset being within a range between Na and Nb, where Na>Nb;
acquire a keyword from a query;
identify any of the documents which include the keyword;
find top-K frequent words among the words comprised in the identified documents by
identifying, for each given group from among the groups in descending order of the number of the documents IDs in the given group, the number of documents IDs of the identified documents in the given group, from the subset in the main memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is within the range, and from the index structure in the secondary memory when the number of document IDs in the given group is not within the range; and
presenting words of top-K groups with a largest amount of the document IDs identified. | 2,600 |
349,923 | 350,797 | 16,854,714 | 2,641 | A sheet feeding device includes a pickup roller, a feed roller, a retard roller, a conveyance rollers pair. The pickup roller contacts a sheet at a first contact point in a pickup position and rotates to convey the sheet in a predetermined conveyance direction. The feed roller is disposed on a downstream side of the pickup roller in the conveyance direction. The retard roller contacts the feed roller at a second contact point and conveys the sheet while separating the sheet. The conveyance rollers pair contacts each other at a third contact point and conveys the sheet passing through the second contact point to a conveyance path. The first contact point, the second contact point and the third contact point are disposed on a linear line in the conveyance direction, when viewed from axial directions of the rollers. | 1. A sheet feeding device comprising:
a pickup roller that contacts a sheet at a first contact point in a pickup position and rotates to convey the sheet in a predetermined conveyance direction; a feed roller disposed on a downstream side of the pickup roller in the conveyance direction; a retard roller that contacts the feed roller at a second contact point and conveys the sheet while separating the sheet; and a conveyance rollers pair that contacts each other at a third contact point and conveys the sheet passing through the second contact point to a conveyance path, wherein the first contact point, the second contact point and the third contact point are disposed on a linear line in the conveyance direction, when viewed from axial directions of the rollers. 2. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, wherein
when a sheet feeding pressure applied to the sheet from the pickup roller at the first contact point is set to F1, a separation pressure at the second contact point is set to F2 and a conveyance pressure at the third contact point is set to F3, the following equation is satisfied:
F1≤F2<F3. 3. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising a retard holder supporting the retard roller in a rotatable manner, wherein
the retard holder is provided so as to pivot around a pivot fulcrum disposed on the downstream side of the third contact point in the conveyance direction. 4. The sheet feeding device according to claim 3, further comprising a biasing member which is disposed below the retard holder and biases the retard holder such that the retard roller is pressed on the feed roller along a direction of a normal line of an outer circumferential surface of the retard roller at the second contact point. 5. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an apparatus main body in which the conveyance path is formed; an image forming part disposed on the conveyance path and forming an image on the sheet; an upstream side cassette disposed below the image forming part and accommodating the sheet; a downstream side cassette disposed on a downstream side in a horizontal conveyance direction of the upstream side cassette side by side, the downstream side cassette accommodating the sheet; and a horizontal sheet feeding mechanism conveying the sheet from the upstream side cassette and the downstream side cassette to the conveyance path; wherein the horizontal sheet feeding mechanism includes: a horizontal conveyance path disposed above the upstream side cassette and the downstream side cassette and connecting to the conveyance path, the sheet accommodated in the upstream side cassette being conveyed along the horizontal conveyance path; the two sheet feeding devices according to claim 1, wherein one of the two sheet feeding devices conveys the sheet from the upstream side cassette to the horizontal conveyance path; and the other of the two sheet feeding devices conveys the sheet from the downstream side cassette to the conveyance path. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the horizontal sheet feeding mechanism is drawable from the apparatus main body along a horizonal direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction. | A sheet feeding device includes a pickup roller, a feed roller, a retard roller, a conveyance rollers pair. The pickup roller contacts a sheet at a first contact point in a pickup position and rotates to convey the sheet in a predetermined conveyance direction. The feed roller is disposed on a downstream side of the pickup roller in the conveyance direction. The retard roller contacts the feed roller at a second contact point and conveys the sheet while separating the sheet. The conveyance rollers pair contacts each other at a third contact point and conveys the sheet passing through the second contact point to a conveyance path. The first contact point, the second contact point and the third contact point are disposed on a linear line in the conveyance direction, when viewed from axial directions of the rollers.1. A sheet feeding device comprising:
a pickup roller that contacts a sheet at a first contact point in a pickup position and rotates to convey the sheet in a predetermined conveyance direction; a feed roller disposed on a downstream side of the pickup roller in the conveyance direction; a retard roller that contacts the feed roller at a second contact point and conveys the sheet while separating the sheet; and a conveyance rollers pair that contacts each other at a third contact point and conveys the sheet passing through the second contact point to a conveyance path, wherein the first contact point, the second contact point and the third contact point are disposed on a linear line in the conveyance direction, when viewed from axial directions of the rollers. 2. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, wherein
when a sheet feeding pressure applied to the sheet from the pickup roller at the first contact point is set to F1, a separation pressure at the second contact point is set to F2 and a conveyance pressure at the third contact point is set to F3, the following equation is satisfied:
F1≤F2<F3. 3. The sheet feeding device according to claim 1, further comprising a retard holder supporting the retard roller in a rotatable manner, wherein
the retard holder is provided so as to pivot around a pivot fulcrum disposed on the downstream side of the third contact point in the conveyance direction. 4. The sheet feeding device according to claim 3, further comprising a biasing member which is disposed below the retard holder and biases the retard holder such that the retard roller is pressed on the feed roller along a direction of a normal line of an outer circumferential surface of the retard roller at the second contact point. 5. An image forming apparatus comprising:
an apparatus main body in which the conveyance path is formed; an image forming part disposed on the conveyance path and forming an image on the sheet; an upstream side cassette disposed below the image forming part and accommodating the sheet; a downstream side cassette disposed on a downstream side in a horizontal conveyance direction of the upstream side cassette side by side, the downstream side cassette accommodating the sheet; and a horizontal sheet feeding mechanism conveying the sheet from the upstream side cassette and the downstream side cassette to the conveyance path; wherein the horizontal sheet feeding mechanism includes: a horizontal conveyance path disposed above the upstream side cassette and the downstream side cassette and connecting to the conveyance path, the sheet accommodated in the upstream side cassette being conveyed along the horizontal conveyance path; the two sheet feeding devices according to claim 1, wherein one of the two sheet feeding devices conveys the sheet from the upstream side cassette to the horizontal conveyance path; and the other of the two sheet feeding devices conveys the sheet from the downstream side cassette to the conveyance path. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein
the horizontal sheet feeding mechanism is drawable from the apparatus main body along a horizonal direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction. | 2,600 |
349,924 | 350,798 | 16,854,737 | 3,658 | A linear actuator includes a sliding rod, a motor and a buffer assembly. The motor connects the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod. The buffer assembly is disposed at an end of the sliding rod and includes an elastic element and an outer sleeve. The elastic element is received in the outer sleeve. The sliding rod connects the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod. The elastic element separately pushes an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod. The elastic element is pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod. The buffer assembly can absorb vibration and impact caused by the motor driving the sliding rod. | 1. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein a sliding spindle is disposed in the outer sleeve, a stopper is provided in the sliding rod, an outside of the sliding spindle is outward formed with a flange, an end of the sliding spindle connects the outer sleeve, another end of the sliding spindle passingly connects the sliding rod and is movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, and the flange abuts against the stopper to limit a travel end of an extended movement against the sliding rod of the outer sleeve. 2. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve passingly connects the sliding rod and forms the stopper, another end of the connecting sleeve movably and passingly connects the outer sleeve. 3. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the elastic element is a rod-shaped spring, and the sliding spindle passingly connects the elastic element. 4. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the sliding spindle is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve. 5. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve connects the sliding rod, another end of the connecting sleeve movably connects the outer sleeve, a sliding spindle is extendedly formed in the outer sleeve along a central axis of the connecting sleeve, an end of the sliding spindle connects an inner wall of the outer sleeve, a lateral side of another end of the sliding spindle is outward formed with a stopper, the sliding spindle passingly connects the elastic element, and the elastic element pushes the stopper to indirectly pushes the sliding rod. 6. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein a limiting ring is provided on the sliding rod for blocking the outer sleeve, and the limiting ring limits a retracting travel end of the outer sleeve against the sliding rod. 7. The linear actuator of claim 6, wherein the limiting ring is threadedly connected onto the sliding rod. 8. The linear actuator of claim 6, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve connects the sliding rod, another end of the connecting sleeve movably and passingly connects the outer sleeve, and the limiting ring is connected onto the connecting sleeve. 9. The linear actuator of claim 8, wherein the limiting ring is threadedly connected onto the connecting sleeve. | A linear actuator includes a sliding rod, a motor and a buffer assembly. The motor connects the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod. The buffer assembly is disposed at an end of the sliding rod and includes an elastic element and an outer sleeve. The elastic element is received in the outer sleeve. The sliding rod connects the outer sleeve. The outer sleeve is movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod. The elastic element separately pushes an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod. The elastic element is pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod. The buffer assembly can absorb vibration and impact caused by the motor driving the sliding rod.1. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein a sliding spindle is disposed in the outer sleeve, a stopper is provided in the sliding rod, an outside of the sliding spindle is outward formed with a flange, an end of the sliding spindle connects the outer sleeve, another end of the sliding spindle passingly connects the sliding rod and is movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, and the flange abuts against the stopper to limit a travel end of an extended movement against the sliding rod of the outer sleeve. 2. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve passingly connects the sliding rod and forms the stopper, another end of the connecting sleeve movably and passingly connects the outer sleeve. 3. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the elastic element is a rod-shaped spring, and the sliding spindle passingly connects the elastic element. 4. The linear actuator of claim 1, wherein the sliding spindle is threadedly connected to the outer sleeve. 5. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve connects the sliding rod, another end of the connecting sleeve movably connects the outer sleeve, a sliding spindle is extendedly formed in the outer sleeve along a central axis of the connecting sleeve, an end of the sliding spindle connects an inner wall of the outer sleeve, a lateral side of another end of the sliding spindle is outward formed with a stopper, the sliding spindle passingly connects the elastic element, and the elastic element pushes the stopper to indirectly pushes the sliding rod. 6. A linear actuator comprising:
a sliding rod; a motor, connecting the sliding rod to drive the sliding rod; and a buffer assembly, disposed at an end of the sliding rod, including an elastic element and an outer sleeve, the elastic element being received in the outer sleeve, the sliding rod connecting the outer sleeve, the outer sleeve being movable along an axial direction of the sliding rod, the elastic element separately pushing an inner wall of the outer sleeve and the sliding rod, and the elastic element being pre-compressed along the axial direction of the sliding rod, wherein a limiting ring is provided on the sliding rod for blocking the outer sleeve, and the limiting ring limits a retracting travel end of the outer sleeve against the sliding rod. 7. The linear actuator of claim 6, wherein the limiting ring is threadedly connected onto the sliding rod. 8. The linear actuator of claim 6, wherein the sliding rod is provided with a connecting sleeve, an end of the connecting sleeve connects the sliding rod, another end of the connecting sleeve movably and passingly connects the outer sleeve, and the limiting ring is connected onto the connecting sleeve. 9. The linear actuator of claim 8, wherein the limiting ring is threadedly connected onto the connecting sleeve. | 3,600 |
349,925 | 350,799 | 16,854,697 | 3,658 | Technology is disclosed herein for enhanced similarity search. In an implementation, a search environment includes one or more computing hardware, software, and/or firmware components in support of enhanced similarity search. The one or more components identify a modality for a similarity search with respect to a query object. The components generate an embedding for the query object based on the modality and based on connections between the query object and neighboring nodes in a graph. The embedding for the query object provides the basis for the search for similar objects | 1. A method for performing a similarity search with respect to a query object and objects represented in a graph, the method comprising:
identifying a modality for the similarity search; generating an embedding for the query object based at least on the modality identified for the similarity search, and further based on new connections identified between the query object and a subset of existing nodes in the graph; and supplying input to the similarity search comprising the embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising training a machine learning model on the graph, wherein the graph comprises:
the existing nodes, wherein the existing nodes comprise object nodes corresponding to the objects and tag nodes corresponding to tags; and
existing edges representative of existing connections, wherein the existing connections comprise object-object connections between similar objects, and object-tag connections between at least some of the objects and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein generating the embedding for the object comprises:
identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph based on the modality identified for the similarity search;
submitting input to the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections; and
obtaining output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises the embedding for the query object. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph comprises:
identifying a top-k subset of the objects most like the query object;
identifying one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects; and
including, in the new connections, at least one of: new object-object connections between the query object and the top-k subset of the objects, and one or more new object-tag connections between the query object and the one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein:
when the modality comprises a visual modality, the new connections include the new object-object connections and exclude the one or more new object-tag connections; and
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the new connections include one or more of the new object-object connections and the one or more of the new object-tag connections. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein generating the embedding for the subject comprises:
identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph based on a nearest neighbor search of the objects;
submitting input to the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections;
obtaining output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an initial embedding for the query object;
generating a tag embedding for the query object; and
combining the initial imbedding and the tag embedding, to produce the embedding, based on a weighting specified by the modality. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein:
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, more so than when the modality comprises a visual modality; and
when the modality comprises the visual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, less so than when the modality comprises the conceptual modality. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the modality comprises receiving user input comprising a selection of the modality from a range of possible modalities comprising a visual modality and a conceptual modality. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the objects comprise existing images represented by nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the method further comprises performing the similarity search, for the k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images, based on the embedding generated for the query image. 11. A computing apparatus comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media; one or more processors operatively coupled with the one or more computer readable storage media; and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media that, when executed by the one or more processors, direct the computing apparatus to at least: determine a modality for a similarity search to be performed with respect to a query object and objects represented in a graph; identify, based on the modality determined for the similarity search, new connections between the query object and a subset of existing nodes in the graph; submit input to a machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections; obtain output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an embedding for the query object; and supply input to the similarity search comprising the embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein the graph comprises:
the existing nodes, wherein existing nodes comprise object nodes corresponding to the objects and tag nodes corresponding to tags; and
existing edges representative of existing connections, wherein the existing connections comprise object-object connections between similar pairs of the objects, and object-tag connections between the tags and at least some of the objects. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12 wherein, to identify the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes, the program instructions direct the computing apparatus to:
identify a top-k subset of the objects most like the query object; and
identify one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects; and
include, in the new connections, one or more of new object-object connections between the query object and the top-k subset of the objects, and one or more new object-tag connections between the query object and the one or more tags. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 13 wherein:
when the modality comprises a visual modality, the new connections include the new object-object connections and exclude the one or more new object-tag connections; and
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the new connections include one or more of the new object-object connections and the one or more of the new object-tag connections. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein, to identify the modality, the program instructions direct the computing apparatus to receive user input comprising a selection of the modality from a set of possible modalities comprising a visual modality and a conceptual modality. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the other objects comprise existing images represented by the existing nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise a k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16 wherein the program instructions further direct the computing apparatus to perform the similarity search, for the k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images, based on the embedding obtained for the query image. 18. One or more computer readable storage media having program instructions stored therein that, when executed by a processing system, direct a computing apparatus to at least:
determine a modality for a similarity search to be performed with respect to a query object; identify, based on a nearest neighbor search of objects represented in a graph and based on the modality determined for the similarity search, one or more connections between the query object and a subset of the objects in the graph; submit input to a machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the connections between the query object and the subset of the objects; obtain output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an initial embedding for the query object; obtain a tag embedding for at least one tag associated with the query object; combine the initial imbedding and the tag embedding, to produce a combined embedding, based on a weighting specified by the modality; and supply input to the similarity search comprising the combined embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 19. The one or more computer readable storage media of claim 18 wherein:
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, more so than when the modality comprises a visual modality; and
when the modality comprises the visual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, less so than when the modality comprises the conceptual modality. 20. The one or more computer readable storage media of claim 18 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the objects comprise existing images represented by nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise a k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. | Technology is disclosed herein for enhanced similarity search. In an implementation, a search environment includes one or more computing hardware, software, and/or firmware components in support of enhanced similarity search. The one or more components identify a modality for a similarity search with respect to a query object. The components generate an embedding for the query object based on the modality and based on connections between the query object and neighboring nodes in a graph. The embedding for the query object provides the basis for the search for similar objects1. A method for performing a similarity search with respect to a query object and objects represented in a graph, the method comprising:
identifying a modality for the similarity search; generating an embedding for the query object based at least on the modality identified for the similarity search, and further based on new connections identified between the query object and a subset of existing nodes in the graph; and supplying input to the similarity search comprising the embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising training a machine learning model on the graph, wherein the graph comprises:
the existing nodes, wherein the existing nodes comprise object nodes corresponding to the objects and tag nodes corresponding to tags; and
existing edges representative of existing connections, wherein the existing connections comprise object-object connections between similar objects, and object-tag connections between at least some of the objects and the tags. 3. The method of claim 2 wherein generating the embedding for the object comprises:
identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph based on the modality identified for the similarity search;
submitting input to the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections; and
obtaining output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises the embedding for the query object. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph comprises:
identifying a top-k subset of the objects most like the query object;
identifying one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects; and
including, in the new connections, at least one of: new object-object connections between the query object and the top-k subset of the objects, and one or more new object-tag connections between the query object and the one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects. 5. The method of claim 4 wherein:
when the modality comprises a visual modality, the new connections include the new object-object connections and exclude the one or more new object-tag connections; and
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the new connections include one or more of the new object-object connections and the one or more of the new object-tag connections. 6. The method of claim 2 wherein generating the embedding for the subject comprises:
identifying the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes in the graph based on a nearest neighbor search of the objects;
submitting input to the machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections;
obtaining output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an initial embedding for the query object;
generating a tag embedding for the query object; and
combining the initial imbedding and the tag embedding, to produce the embedding, based on a weighting specified by the modality. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein:
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, more so than when the modality comprises a visual modality; and
when the modality comprises the visual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, less so than when the modality comprises the conceptual modality. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein identifying the modality comprises receiving user input comprising a selection of the modality from a range of possible modalities comprising a visual modality and a conceptual modality. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the objects comprise existing images represented by nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. 10. The method of claim 9 wherein the method further comprises performing the similarity search, for the k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images, based on the embedding generated for the query image. 11. A computing apparatus comprising:
one or more computer readable storage media; one or more processors operatively coupled with the one or more computer readable storage media; and program instructions stored on the one or more computer readable storage media that, when executed by the one or more processors, direct the computing apparatus to at least: determine a modality for a similarity search to be performed with respect to a query object and objects represented in a graph; identify, based on the modality determined for the similarity search, new connections between the query object and a subset of existing nodes in the graph; submit input to a machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the new connections; obtain output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an embedding for the query object; and supply input to the similarity search comprising the embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 12. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein the graph comprises:
the existing nodes, wherein existing nodes comprise object nodes corresponding to the objects and tag nodes corresponding to tags; and
existing edges representative of existing connections, wherein the existing connections comprise object-object connections between similar pairs of the objects, and object-tag connections between the tags and at least some of the objects. 13. The computing apparatus of claim 12 wherein, to identify the new connections between the query object and the subset of the existing nodes, the program instructions direct the computing apparatus to:
identify a top-k subset of the objects most like the query object; and
identify one or more tags associated with the top-k subset of the objects; and
include, in the new connections, one or more of new object-object connections between the query object and the top-k subset of the objects, and one or more new object-tag connections between the query object and the one or more tags. 14. The computing apparatus of claim 13 wherein:
when the modality comprises a visual modality, the new connections include the new object-object connections and exclude the one or more new object-tag connections; and
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the new connections include one or more of the new object-object connections and the one or more of the new object-tag connections. 15. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein, to identify the modality, the program instructions direct the computing apparatus to receive user input comprising a selection of the modality from a set of possible modalities comprising a visual modality and a conceptual modality. 16. The computing apparatus of claim 11 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the other objects comprise existing images represented by the existing nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise a k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. 17. The computing apparatus of claim 16 wherein the program instructions further direct the computing apparatus to perform the similarity search, for the k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images, based on the embedding obtained for the query image. 18. One or more computer readable storage media having program instructions stored therein that, when executed by a processing system, direct a computing apparatus to at least:
determine a modality for a similarity search to be performed with respect to a query object; identify, based on a nearest neighbor search of objects represented in a graph and based on the modality determined for the similarity search, one or more connections between the query object and a subset of the objects in the graph; submit input to a machine learning model, wherein the input comprises the query object and the connections between the query object and the subset of the objects; obtain output from the machine learning model, wherein the output comprises an initial embedding for the query object; obtain a tag embedding for at least one tag associated with the query object; combine the initial imbedding and the tag embedding, to produce a combined embedding, based on a weighting specified by the modality; and supply input to the similarity search comprising the combined embedding for the query object, to obtain results comprising one or more similar objects represented in the graph. 19. The one or more computer readable storage media of claim 18 wherein:
when the modality comprises a conceptual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, more so than when the modality comprises a visual modality; and
when the modality comprises the visual modality, the weighting emphasizes the tag embedding in the combining of the initial embedding with the tag embedding, less so than when the modality comprises the conceptual modality. 20. The one or more computer readable storage media of claim 18 wherein:
the query object comprises a query image;
the objects comprise existing images represented by nodes in the graph; and
the one or more similar objects represented in the graph comprise a k-nearest neighbors of the query image in the existing images. | 3,600 |
349,926 | 350,800 | 16,854,701 | 3,658 | The method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium of sharing personal information are provided. The method includes: acquiring the personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to the user attribute of the user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating two at least sharing ways according to the personal information; displaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining the sharing way based on a selection instruction from the terminal user. | 1. A method of sharing personal information, comprising:
acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein acquiring a work cover of the musician user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the musician user as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work randomly from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; and determining the work cover of the musician user by interacting with the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two sharing ways comprise a sharing poster and a sharing link. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information comprises:
according to the user attribute, acquiring a template of the sharing poster corresponding to the user attribute, and choosing information corresponding to the template of the sharing poster from the personal information to be filled into the template of the sharing poster to generate the sharing poster; and according to the sharing link, choosing an avatar of the targeted user and a network address corresponding to the personal information sharing instruction from the personal information to generate the sharing link. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein after displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, the method further comprises:
in response to an operation of the terminal user clicking the sharing poster, displaying an enlarged picture of the sharing poster; in response to detect an operation of a download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, downloading the enlarged picture; and in response to detect an operation of sections other than the download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, redisplaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways. 9. A terminal equipment, wherein the terminal equipment comprises:
at least a processor; a memory, disposed to store at least one program, when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor implementing the method of sharing personal information comprising: acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 10. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 11. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 12. The terminal equipment according to claim 11, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. 13. The terminal equipment according to claim 11, wherein acquiring a work cover of the musician user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the musician user as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work randomly from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; and determining the work cover of the musician user by interacting with the user. 14. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least two sharing ways comprise a sharing poster and a sharing link 15. The terminal equipment according to claim 14, wherein generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information comprises:
according to the user attribute, acquiring a template of the sharing poster corresponding to the user attribute, and choosing information corresponding to the template of the sharing poster from the personal information to be filled into the template of the sharing poster to generate the sharing poster; and according to the sharing link, choosing an avatar of the targeted user and a network address corresponding to the personal information sharing instruction from the personal information to generate the sharing link. 16. The terminal equipment according to claim 14, wherein after displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, the method further comprises:
in response to an operation of the terminal user clicking the sharing poster, displaying an enlarged picture of the sharing poster; in response to detect an operation of a download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, downloading the enlarged picture; and in response to detect an operation of sections other than the download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, redisplaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways. 17. A computer readable storage medium, storing a computer program therein, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method of sharing personal information comprising:
acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 18. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 19. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 20. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 19, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. | The method, device, terminal equipment and storage medium of sharing personal information are provided. The method includes: acquiring the personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to the user attribute of the user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating two at least sharing ways according to the personal information; displaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining the sharing way based on a selection instruction from the terminal user.1. A method of sharing personal information, comprising:
acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein acquiring a work cover of the musician user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the musician user as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work randomly from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; and determining the work cover of the musician user by interacting with the user. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least two sharing ways comprise a sharing poster and a sharing link. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information comprises:
according to the user attribute, acquiring a template of the sharing poster corresponding to the user attribute, and choosing information corresponding to the template of the sharing poster from the personal information to be filled into the template of the sharing poster to generate the sharing poster; and according to the sharing link, choosing an avatar of the targeted user and a network address corresponding to the personal information sharing instruction from the personal information to generate the sharing link. 8. The method according to claim 6, wherein after displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, the method further comprises:
in response to an operation of the terminal user clicking the sharing poster, displaying an enlarged picture of the sharing poster; in response to detect an operation of a download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, downloading the enlarged picture; and in response to detect an operation of sections other than the download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, redisplaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways. 9. A terminal equipment, wherein the terminal equipment comprises:
at least a processor; a memory, disposed to store at least one program, when the at least one program is executed by the at least one processor, the at least one processor implementing the method of sharing personal information comprising: acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 10. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 11. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 12. The terminal equipment according to claim 11, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. 13. The terminal equipment according to claim 11, wherein acquiring a work cover of the musician user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the musician user as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work randomly from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the as the work cover of the musician user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the musician user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the musician user; and determining the work cover of the musician user by interacting with the user. 14. The terminal equipment according to claim 9, wherein the at least two sharing ways comprise a sharing poster and a sharing link 15. The terminal equipment according to claim 14, wherein generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information comprises:
according to the user attribute, acquiring a template of the sharing poster corresponding to the user attribute, and choosing information corresponding to the template of the sharing poster from the personal information to be filled into the template of the sharing poster to generate the sharing poster; and according to the sharing link, choosing an avatar of the targeted user and a network address corresponding to the personal information sharing instruction from the personal information to generate the sharing link. 16. The terminal equipment according to claim 14, wherein after displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, the method further comprises:
in response to an operation of the terminal user clicking the sharing poster, displaying an enlarged picture of the sharing poster; in response to detect an operation of a download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, downloading the enlarged picture; and in response to detect an operation of sections other than the download control on the enlarged picture triggered by the terminal user, redisplaying the selection page of the at least two sharing ways. 17. A computer readable storage medium, storing a computer program therein, wherein the computer program is executed by a processor to implement the method of sharing personal information comprising:
acquiring a personal information sharing instruction; acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction; generating at least two sharing ways according to the personal information; and displaying a selection page of the at least two sharing ways, and determining a sharing way based on a selection instruction of a terminal user. 18. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein acquiring a personal information sharing instruction comprises:
detecting a triggering operation of a homepage sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of the terminal user; or detecting a triggering operation of a personal business card sharing control by the terminal user on a personal homepage of other users browsed by the terminal user. 19. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 17, wherein acquiring personal information to be shared according to a user attribute of a user targeted by the personal information sharing instruction comprises:
in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is an ordinary user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a work cover of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; or acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code and a user avatar of the ordinary user as the personal information to be shared; and in response to an operation of determining that the targeted user is a musician user, acquiring a user identification, a nickname, a quick response code, the number of original music, the number of likes, and the number of people who have shot with the original music of the musician user and a work cover of the musician user as the personal information to be shared. 20. The computer readable storage medium according to claim 19, wherein acquiring a work cover of the ordinary user comprises any one of:
acquiring a work cover of a first work of the ordinary user as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work randomly from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; selecting a work with the largest number of clicks or likes from works of the ordinary user and acquiring a work cover of the work as the work cover of the ordinary user; and determining the work cover of the ordinary user by interacting with the user. | 3,600 |
349,927 | 350,801 | 16,854,736 | 3,665 | The disclosure includes embodiments including a vehicular edge server switching mechanism based on historical data and digital twin simulations. A method includes causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle. A method includes comparing the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server. The method includes determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency. The method includes executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied. | 1. A method comprising:
causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle; comparing, by an onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts; determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency; executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied; causing, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and modifying an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the calculation improved the operation of the onboard vehicle computer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating the set of digital twin data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating the set of historical data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an actual latency resulting from the switching decision. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining whether the set of digital twin data or the set of historical data more accurately predicted the actual latency; determining a first weight to apply to the set of digital twin data in a future switching decision and a second weight to apply to the set of historical data in the future switching decision; and executing the future switching decision based on the set of digital twin data as modified by the first weight and the set of historical data as modified by the second weight. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data describes a sensor measurement recorded by a remote vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data describes an output of a computational process executed by the edge server for the connected vehicle. 10. A computer program product installed in an onboard unit of a connected vehicle, the computer program product including codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including:
causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle; comparing, by an onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts; determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency; executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied; causing, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and modifying an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including determining whether the calculation improved the operation of the onboard vehicle computer. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including updating the set of digital twin data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including updating the set of historical data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including determining an actual latency resulting from the switching decision. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including:
determining whether the set of digital twin data or the set of historical data more accurately predicted the actual latency; determining a first weight to apply to the set of digital twin data in a future switching decision and a second weight to apply to the set of historical data in the future switching decision; and executing the future switching decision based on the set of digital twin data as modified by the first weight and the set of historical data as modified by the second weight. 17. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the digital data describes a sensor measurement recorded by a remote vehicle. 18. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the digital data describes an output of a computational process executed by the edge server for the connected vehicle. 19. A system of a connected vehicle comprising:
an onboard vehicle computer communicatively coupled to a non-transitory memory and a sensor set of the connected vehicle, wherein the onboard vehicle computer is operable to retrieve computer-executable code from the non-transitory memory which is operable, when executed by the onboard vehicle computer, to cause the onboard vehicle computer to:
cause the sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle;
compare, by the onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts;
determine that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency;
execute a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparison of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determination that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied;
cause, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and
modify an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. | The disclosure includes embodiments including a vehicular edge server switching mechanism based on historical data and digital twin simulations. A method includes causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle. A method includes comparing the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server. The method includes determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency. The method includes executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied.1. A method comprising:
causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle; comparing, by an onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts; determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency; executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied; causing, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and modifying an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether the calculation improved the operation of the onboard vehicle computer. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating the set of digital twin data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 5. The method of claim 3, further comprising updating the set of historical data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining an actual latency resulting from the switching decision. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
determining whether the set of digital twin data or the set of historical data more accurately predicted the actual latency; determining a first weight to apply to the set of digital twin data in a future switching decision and a second weight to apply to the set of historical data in the future switching decision; and executing the future switching decision based on the set of digital twin data as modified by the first weight and the set of historical data as modified by the second weight. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data describes a sensor measurement recorded by a remote vehicle. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital data describes an output of a computational process executed by the edge server for the connected vehicle. 10. A computer program product installed in an onboard unit of a connected vehicle, the computer program product including codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including:
causing a sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle; comparing, by an onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts; determining that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency; executing a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparing of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determining that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied; causing, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and modifying an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 11. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. 12. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including determining whether the calculation improved the operation of the onboard vehicle computer. 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including updating the set of digital twin data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 14. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including updating the set of historical data responsive to determining that the calculation did not improve the operation of the onboard vehicle computer so that a future switching decision is improved. 15. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including determining an actual latency resulting from the switching decision. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the computer program product includes additional codes and routines that are operable, when executed by the onboard unit, to cause the onboard unit to execute steps including:
determining whether the set of digital twin data or the set of historical data more accurately predicted the actual latency; determining a first weight to apply to the set of digital twin data in a future switching decision and a second weight to apply to the set of historical data in the future switching decision; and executing the future switching decision based on the set of digital twin data as modified by the first weight and the set of historical data as modified by the second weight. 17. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the digital data describes a sensor measurement recorded by a remote vehicle. 18. The computer program product of claim 10, wherein the digital data describes an output of a computational process executed by the edge server for the connected vehicle. 19. A system of a connected vehicle comprising:
an onboard vehicle computer communicatively coupled to a non-transitory memory and a sensor set of the connected vehicle, wherein the onboard vehicle computer is operable to retrieve computer-executable code from the non-transitory memory which is operable, when executed by the onboard vehicle computer, to cause the onboard vehicle computer to:
cause the sensor set of a connected vehicle to determine a current driving context of the connected vehicle;
compare, by the onboard vehicle computer of the connected vehicle, the current driving context to a set of digital twin data and a set of historical data to determine a predicted latency for using offboard computing resources of an edge server which is remote from the connected vehicle, wherein the set of digital twin data describes a set of latencies for using the offboard computing resources in a set of different driving contexts which were simulated in a set of digital twin simulations which exactly duplicate a real-world experience of the connected vehicle and the set of historical data describes real-world historical latencies for using the offboard computing resources in the set of different driving contexts;
determine that the predicted latency for using the offboard computing resources satisfies a threshold for the predicted latency;
execute a switching decision that includes deciding to use the offboard computing resources of the edge server based on the comparison of the current driving context to the set of digital twin data and the set of historical data and the determination that the threshold for the predicted latency is satisfied;
cause, responsive to the switching decision, the edge server to wirelessly provide digital data generated by the edge server responsive to a calculation; and
modify an operation of the onboard vehicle computer based on the digital data generated by the calculation and provided to the connected vehicle. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the edge server executes a separate instance of the switching decision and a consensus between the switching decisions of the onboard vehicle computer and the edge server is required in order for the calculation to be executed by the edge server. | 3,600 |
349,928 | 350,802 | 16,854,644 | 3,665 | Various analyte sensing apparatuses and associated housings are provided. Some apparatuses comprise one or more caps. Some apparatuses comprise a two-part adhesive patch. Some apparatuses comprise one or more sensor bends configured to locate and/or hold a sensor in place during mounting. Some apparatuses utilize one or more dams and/or wells to retain epoxy for securing a sensor. Some apparatuses utilize a pocket and one or more adjacent areas and various transitions for preventing epoxy from wicking to undesired areas of the apparatus. Some apparatuses include heat-sealable thermoplastic elastomers for welding a cap to the apparatus. Related methods of fabricating such apparatuses and/or housings are also provided. | 1. An analyte sensing apparatus, comprising:
a housing comprising a cavity, the cavity including a first portion and a second portion; a first conductive contact and a second conductive contact disposed within the first portion of the cavity; an analyte sensor comprising:
an elongated body;
a first electrode in electrical communication with the first conductive contact, and
a second electrode in electrical communication with the second conductive contact; and
a cap configured to fit on or within the cavity, the cap comprising:
a first portion configured to be disposed over the first portion of the cavity,
a second portion,
a dam disposed on a side of the cap configured to face the cavity, the dam dividing the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity,
a shelf disposed adjacent to the dam, and
a compliant component configured to seal the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electronics assembly substrate disposed within the housing, wherein the first conductive contact and the second conductive contact extend from the electronics assembly substrate into the first portion of the cavity. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compliant component is disposed on the shelf and configured to press against a portion of the analyte sensor and against a surface of the housing within the cavity, thereby sealing the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity. 4. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first portion of the cap comprises a first hole configured to receive an encapsulating sealant into the first portion of the cavity that seals at least a portion of the analyte sensor from moisture ingress. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the encapsulating sealant is a curable sealant configured to cure based on exposure to ultra-violet radiation and wherein the cap comprises a material substantially transparent to the ultra-violet radiation. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first portion of the cap comprises a second hole configured to allow excess encapsulating sealant to flow out of the first portion of the cavity. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the compliant component prevents the encapsulating sealant from flowing into the second portion of the cavity. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap is configured to be disposed over the second portion of the cavity. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap comprises a slot configured to allow at least a portion of the analyte sensor to pass through the cap. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outside-facing surface of the cap is configured to fit flush with an outside-facing surface of the housing. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outside-facing surface of the cap is configured to fit in a recessed position compared to an outside-facing surface of the housing. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cap is disposed on an outside-facing surface of the housing. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cap is secured to the cavity utilizing at least one of a toe feature, a snap feature, a friction-fit feature, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the cap and the second portion of the cap are and are formed of a single piece. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dam is configured to contact a portion of the housing within the cavity. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compliant material comprises a foam or a rubber material. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive patch comprising:
a first adhesive portion configured to secure the cap to the housing and to simultaneously adhere to the housing; and a second adhesive portion configured to adhere the first adhesive portion and the wearable assembly to a skin of a host. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cap is secured to the first adhesive portion of the adhesive patch before the cap is fit on or within the cavity of the housing. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first adhesive portion comprises at least one hole configured to substantially coincide with at least one hole within the cap when the cap is secured to the first adhesive portion of the adhesive patch. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap is configured to be disposed adjacent to the second portion of the cavity. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first portion of the cap extends along a first plane, the second portion of the cap extends along a second plane different from the first plane, the dam comprises at least a portion of the cap that extends between the first plane and the second plane and connects the first portion of the cap with the second portion of the cap, and at least some of the second portion of the cap comprises the shelf. | Various analyte sensing apparatuses and associated housings are provided. Some apparatuses comprise one or more caps. Some apparatuses comprise a two-part adhesive patch. Some apparatuses comprise one or more sensor bends configured to locate and/or hold a sensor in place during mounting. Some apparatuses utilize one or more dams and/or wells to retain epoxy for securing a sensor. Some apparatuses utilize a pocket and one or more adjacent areas and various transitions for preventing epoxy from wicking to undesired areas of the apparatus. Some apparatuses include heat-sealable thermoplastic elastomers for welding a cap to the apparatus. Related methods of fabricating such apparatuses and/or housings are also provided.1. An analyte sensing apparatus, comprising:
a housing comprising a cavity, the cavity including a first portion and a second portion; a first conductive contact and a second conductive contact disposed within the first portion of the cavity; an analyte sensor comprising:
an elongated body;
a first electrode in electrical communication with the first conductive contact, and
a second electrode in electrical communication with the second conductive contact; and
a cap configured to fit on or within the cavity, the cap comprising:
a first portion configured to be disposed over the first portion of the cavity,
a second portion,
a dam disposed on a side of the cap configured to face the cavity, the dam dividing the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity,
a shelf disposed adjacent to the dam, and
a compliant component configured to seal the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an electronics assembly substrate disposed within the housing, wherein the first conductive contact and the second conductive contact extend from the electronics assembly substrate into the first portion of the cavity. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compliant component is disposed on the shelf and configured to press against a portion of the analyte sensor and against a surface of the housing within the cavity, thereby sealing the first portion of the cavity from the second portion of the cavity. 4. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first portion of the cap comprises a first hole configured to receive an encapsulating sealant into the first portion of the cavity that seals at least a portion of the analyte sensor from moisture ingress. 5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the encapsulating sealant is a curable sealant configured to cure based on exposure to ultra-violet radiation and wherein the cap comprises a material substantially transparent to the ultra-violet radiation. 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the first portion of the cap comprises a second hole configured to allow excess encapsulating sealant to flow out of the first portion of the cavity. 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the compliant component prevents the encapsulating sealant from flowing into the second portion of the cavity. 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap is configured to be disposed over the second portion of the cavity. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap comprises a slot configured to allow at least a portion of the analyte sensor to pass through the cap. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outside-facing surface of the cap is configured to fit flush with an outside-facing surface of the housing. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein an outside-facing surface of the cap is configured to fit in a recessed position compared to an outside-facing surface of the housing. 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cap is disposed on an outside-facing surface of the housing. 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the cap is secured to the cavity utilizing at least one of a toe feature, a snap feature, a friction-fit feature, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive. 14. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first portion of the cap and the second portion of the cap are and are formed of a single piece. 15. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the dam is configured to contact a portion of the housing within the cavity. 16. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the compliant material comprises a foam or a rubber material. 17. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an adhesive patch comprising:
a first adhesive portion configured to secure the cap to the housing and to simultaneously adhere to the housing; and a second adhesive portion configured to adhere the first adhesive portion and the wearable assembly to a skin of a host. 18. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the cap is secured to the first adhesive portion of the adhesive patch before the cap is fit on or within the cavity of the housing. 19. The apparatus of claim 17, wherein the first adhesive portion comprises at least one hole configured to substantially coincide with at least one hole within the cap when the cap is secured to the first adhesive portion of the adhesive patch. 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second portion of the cap is configured to be disposed adjacent to the second portion of the cavity. 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein:
the first portion of the cap extends along a first plane, the second portion of the cap extends along a second plane different from the first plane, the dam comprises at least a portion of the cap that extends between the first plane and the second plane and connects the first portion of the cap with the second portion of the cap, and at least some of the second portion of the cap comprises the shelf. | 3,600 |
349,929 | 350,803 | 16,854,703 | 3,665 | Isolated VHH monoclonal antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to a Norovirus polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Norovirus is a Genogroup I Norovirus or a Genogroup II Norovirus. In other embodiments, the Norovirus is Norwalk or MD2004 virus. In some embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies specifically bind VP1. Also disclosed are compositions including the disclosed antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors including the nucleic acids, and isolated host cells that express the nucleic acids. The antibodies and compositions disclosed herein can be used for detecting the presence of a Norovirus in a biological sample, or detecting a Norovirus infection. Also disclosed are methods of treating and/or preventing a NoV infection. | 1. A method for detecting Norovirus in a sample, comprising:
contacting the sample with an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and detecting the VHH monoclonal antibody bound to the sample, wherein the presence of the VHH monoclonal antibody bound to the sample indicates the presence of the Norovirus, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, thereby detecting the Norovirus in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof is directly labeled. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
contacting the sample with a second antibody that specifically binds the VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and detecting the binding of the second antibody, wherein an increase in binding of the second antibody to the sample as compared to binding of the second antibody to a control sample detects the presence of the Norovirus in the sample. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the Norovirus is Genogroup I Norovirus. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the Norovirus is a Genogroup II Norovirus. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR5 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 20; or u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 21. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 22; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 24; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 25; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 26; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 27; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 28; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 29; or i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 30. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises the amino acid sequence set for the as one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 22-30. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a tissue, blood, serum, plasma, spinal fluid, sputum, nasopharyngeal secretion, stool or urine sample. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is an environmental sample. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample comprise a subunit vaccine. 13. The method of claim 2, wherein the label is an enzyme, prosthetic group, fluorescent material, luminescent material, magnetic agent or radioactive material. 14. A kit for detecting a Norovirus, comprising:
i) a container comprising an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30; and ii) instructions for using the kit. 15. The kit of claim 14, wherein the kit further comprises:
ii) a container comprising a second monoclonal antibody that specifically binds the VHH monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. 16. The kit of claim 14, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment is labeled. 17. The kit of claim 14, further comprising a containing comprising a reagent or a buffer. 18. A composition comprising, a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof,
wherein the isolated VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, wherein the composition is formulated for enteric administration. 19. The composition of claim 18, further comprising an anti-viral agent. 20. A method of treating a subject with a Norovirus infection, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 18, thereby treating the Norovirus infection in the subject. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is treated with multiple doses of the composition. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is treated for about five to about ten days. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is immunocompromised. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is a human child. | Isolated VHH monoclonal antibodies are disclosed that specifically bind to a Norovirus polypeptide. In some embodiments, the Norovirus is a Genogroup I Norovirus or a Genogroup II Norovirus. In other embodiments, the Norovirus is Norwalk or MD2004 virus. In some embodiments, the monoclonal antibodies specifically bind VP1. Also disclosed are compositions including the disclosed antibodies, nucleic acids encoding these antibodies, expression vectors including the nucleic acids, and isolated host cells that express the nucleic acids. The antibodies and compositions disclosed herein can be used for detecting the presence of a Norovirus in a biological sample, or detecting a Norovirus infection. Also disclosed are methods of treating and/or preventing a NoV infection.1. A method for detecting Norovirus in a sample, comprising:
contacting the sample with an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and detecting the VHH monoclonal antibody bound to the sample, wherein the presence of the VHH monoclonal antibody bound to the sample indicates the presence of the Norovirus, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, thereby detecting the Norovirus in the sample. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof is directly labeled. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
contacting the sample with a second antibody that specifically binds the VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof; and detecting the binding of the second antibody, wherein an increase in binding of the second antibody to the sample as compared to binding of the second antibody to a control sample detects the presence of the Norovirus in the sample. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the Norovirus is Genogroup I Norovirus. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the Norovirus is a Genogroup II Norovirus. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR5 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 20; or u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 21. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 22; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 23; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 24; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 25; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 26; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 27; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 28; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 29; or i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, and wherein the heavy chain variable domain of the VHH monoclonal antibody is at least 90% identical to SEQ ID NO: 30. 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises the amino acid sequence set for the as one of SEQ ID NOs: 1-21. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises the amino acid sequence set forth as one of SEQ ID NOs: 22-30. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is a tissue, blood, serum, plasma, spinal fluid, sputum, nasopharyngeal secretion, stool or urine sample. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample is an environmental sample. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the sample comprise a subunit vaccine. 13. The method of claim 2, wherein the label is an enzyme, prosthetic group, fluorescent material, luminescent material, magnetic agent or radioactive material. 14. A kit for detecting a Norovirus, comprising:
i) a container comprising an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30; and ii) instructions for using the kit. 15. The kit of claim 14, wherein the kit further comprises:
ii) a container comprising a second monoclonal antibody that specifically binds the VHH monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof. 16. The kit of claim 14, wherein the VHH monoclonal antibody or antigen binding fragment is labeled. 17. The kit of claim 14, further comprising a containing comprising a reagent or a buffer. 18. A composition comprising, a therapeutically effective amount of an isolated VHH monoclonal antibody or an antigen binding fragment thereof,
wherein the isolated VHH monoclonal antibody specifically binds a Norovirus polypeptide and comprises a heavy chain variable domain, wherein the heavy chain variable domain comprises a heavy chain complementarity determining region (CDR)1, a CDR2 and a CDR3, and wherein: a) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 3, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 3, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 3; b) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 2, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 2, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 2; c) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 1, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 1, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 1; d) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 4, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 4, and the a CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-109 of SEQ ID NO: 4; e) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 5, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 5, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-110 of SEQ ID NO: 5; f) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 6, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 6, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 6; g) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 7, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 7, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 7; h) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 8, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 8, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-111 of SEQ ID NO: 8; i) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 9, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 9, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 9; j) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 10, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 10, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 10; k) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 11, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 11, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-114 of SEQ ID NO: 11; l) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 12, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 12, and the CDR3 g comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 12; m) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 13, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 13, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 13; n) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 14, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 14, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 14; o) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 15, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 15, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 15; p) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 16, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 16, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 16; q) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 17, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 17, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 17; r) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 18, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 18, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-114 of SEQ ID NO: 18; s) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 19, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-113 of SEQ ID NO: 19; t) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 20, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:20, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-111 of SEQ ID NO: 20; u) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 21, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:21, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-102 of SEQ ID NO: 21; v) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 22, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:22, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-110 of SEQ ID NO: 22; w) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 23, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-56 of SEQ ID NO:23, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 95-104 of SEQ ID NO: 23; x) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 24, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:24, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-107 of SEQ ID NO: 24; y) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 25, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO: 25, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 100-110 of SEQ ID NO: 25; z) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 26, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 50-57 of SEQ ID NO:26, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-117 of SEQ ID NO: 26; aa) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 27, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:27, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-108 of SEQ ID NO: 27; bb) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 28, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-57 of SEQ ID NO:28, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 96-112 of SEQ ID NO: 28; cc) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 29, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:29, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-115 of SEQ ID NO: 29; or dd) the CDR1 comprises amino acids 26-33 of SEQ ID NO: 30, the CDR2 comprises amino acids 51-58 of SEQ ID NO:30, and the CDR3 comprises amino acids 97-121 of SEQ ID NO: 30, wherein the composition is formulated for enteric administration. 19. The composition of claim 18, further comprising an anti-viral agent. 20. A method of treating a subject with a Norovirus infection, comprising administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the composition of claim 18, thereby treating the Norovirus infection in the subject. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is treated with multiple doses of the composition. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is treated for about five to about ten days. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is immunocompromised. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the subject is a human child. | 3,600 |
349,930 | 350,804 | 16,854,747 | 1,763 | Vanillin and vanillyl alcohol were modified into methacrylated derivatives. The structures of vanillin-based monomers were characterized by NMR and FTIR. Renewable polymers were prepared from these vanillin-based monomers. The effects of structure and functionality of the vanillin-based monomers on the thermo-mechanical properties of the resulting polymers were investigated and discussed. Polymers from methacrylated vanillyl alcohol (MVA) demonstrated greater storage moduli, higher glass transition temperatures, and thermal resistance than those from methacrylated vanillin (MV) because of the different functionalities of their monomers. | 1. A thermoset vinyl ester resin prepared from reactants comprising a compound of formula | Vanillin and vanillyl alcohol were modified into methacrylated derivatives. The structures of vanillin-based monomers were characterized by NMR and FTIR. Renewable polymers were prepared from these vanillin-based monomers. The effects of structure and functionality of the vanillin-based monomers on the thermo-mechanical properties of the resulting polymers were investigated and discussed. Polymers from methacrylated vanillyl alcohol (MVA) demonstrated greater storage moduli, higher glass transition temperatures, and thermal resistance than those from methacrylated vanillin (MV) because of the different functionalities of their monomers.1. A thermoset vinyl ester resin prepared from reactants comprising a compound of formula | 1,700 |
349,931 | 350,805 | 16,854,716 | 1,763 | Disclosed herein are methods for selectively treating acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject, pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject, uses of trifarotene or an equivalent thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject. | 1. A method of treating acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising topically administering to the subject, a pharmaceutical composition comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising treating acne vulgaris of the trunk. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein trifarotene or the equivalent thereof is administered once daily, twice daily, once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once every five weeks, once every six weeks, once every seven weeks, or once every eight weeks. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the area of the subject affected with acne vulgaris. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered once daily to the affected areas of the subject. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 1 μg/g to about 100 μg/g of trifarotene or an equivalent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50 μg/g of trifarotene or an equivalent thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a cream. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of trifarotene or the equivalent thereof administered to the subject is about 0.00001 to about 1% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises reduction in inflammatory lesion counts of the subject. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises reduction in noninflammatory lesion counts of the subject. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk comprises mild, moderate and severe acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk is moderate. 15. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises one or more of an ointment, a cream, a gel, a spray, a foam, a paste or a suspension. 17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight, relative to the weight of the total composition. 18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 1 μg/g to about 100 μg/g of trifarotene. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, formulated as a cream. | Disclosed herein are methods for selectively treating acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject, pharmaceutical compositions for use in the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject, uses of trifarotene or an equivalent thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject.1. A method of treating acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising topically administering to the subject, a pharmaceutical composition comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The method according to claim 1, comprising treating acne vulgaris of the trunk. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein trifarotene or the equivalent thereof is administered once daily, twice daily, once per week, once every two weeks, once every three weeks, once every four weeks, once every five weeks, once every six weeks, once every seven weeks, or once every eight weeks. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the area of the subject affected with acne vulgaris. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered once daily to the affected areas of the subject. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises from about 1 μg/g to about 100 μg/g of trifarotene or an equivalent. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises about 50 μg/g of trifarotene or an equivalent thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as a cream. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion. 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of trifarotene or the equivalent thereof administered to the subject is about 0.00001 to about 1% by weight of the pharmaceutical composition. 11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises reduction in inflammatory lesion counts of the subject. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the treatment comprises reduction in noninflammatory lesion counts of the subject. 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk comprises mild, moderate and severe acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk. 14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the acne vulgaris of the face and/or trunk is moderate. 15. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 16. The pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises one or more of an ointment, a cream, a gel, a spray, a foam, a paste or a suspension. 17. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, comprising trifarotene or an equivalent thereof in an amount of from about 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight, relative to the weight of the total composition. 18. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, comprising from about 1 μg/g to about 100 μg/g of trifarotene. 19. The pharmaceutical composition according to claim 1, formulated as a cream. | 1,700 |
349,932 | 350,806 | 16,854,698 | 1,763 | A semiconductor device comprising a manifold for uniform vapor deposition is disclosed. The semiconductor device can include a manifold comprising a bore and having an inner wall. The inner wall can at least partially define the bore. A first axial portion of the bore can extend along a longitudinal axis of the manifold. A supply channel can provide fluid communication between a gas source and the bore. The supply channel can comprise a slit defining an at least partially annular gap through the inner wall of the manifold to deliver a gas from the gas source to the bore. The at least partially annular gap can be revolved about the longitudinal axis. | 1. A semiconductor processing device comprising:
A manifold comprising a bore therein, the bore defining a gas passageway between a first end portion of the manifold and a second end portion of the manifold, the first end portion disposed opposite to and spaced from the second end portion along a longitudinal axis of the manifold by a first distance, wherein the gas passageway extends through the manifold for a second distance larger than the first distance; and a reaction chamber disposed downstream of and in fluid communication with the bore. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bore comprises an axial portion that defines the longitudinal axis of the manifold and a lateral portion extending non-parallel to the longitudinal axis. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the bore comprises an offset axial portion extending downstream from the lateral portion and having a directional component along the longitudinal axis, the offset axial portion disposed laterally offset from the longitudinal axis. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the bore comprises a second lateral portion extending non-parallel to the longitudinal axis from the offset axial portion. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate support configured to support a substrate. 6. The device of claims 5, further comprising a showerhead configured to disperse gas to the reaction chamber. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a gas distribution channel that conveys gas from gas source to bore by way of a supply channel. 8. The device of claim 7, further comprising a reactant gas valve configured to selectively transfer the gas to the gas distribution channel. | A semiconductor device comprising a manifold for uniform vapor deposition is disclosed. The semiconductor device can include a manifold comprising a bore and having an inner wall. The inner wall can at least partially define the bore. A first axial portion of the bore can extend along a longitudinal axis of the manifold. A supply channel can provide fluid communication between a gas source and the bore. The supply channel can comprise a slit defining an at least partially annular gap through the inner wall of the manifold to deliver a gas from the gas source to the bore. The at least partially annular gap can be revolved about the longitudinal axis.1. A semiconductor processing device comprising:
A manifold comprising a bore therein, the bore defining a gas passageway between a first end portion of the manifold and a second end portion of the manifold, the first end portion disposed opposite to and spaced from the second end portion along a longitudinal axis of the manifold by a first distance, wherein the gas passageway extends through the manifold for a second distance larger than the first distance; and a reaction chamber disposed downstream of and in fluid communication with the bore. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the bore comprises an axial portion that defines the longitudinal axis of the manifold and a lateral portion extending non-parallel to the longitudinal axis. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the bore comprises an offset axial portion extending downstream from the lateral portion and having a directional component along the longitudinal axis, the offset axial portion disposed laterally offset from the longitudinal axis. 4. The device of claim 3, wherein the bore comprises a second lateral portion extending non-parallel to the longitudinal axis from the offset axial portion. 5. The device of claim 1, further comprising a substrate support configured to support a substrate. 6. The device of claims 5, further comprising a showerhead configured to disperse gas to the reaction chamber. 7. The device of claim 1, further comprising a gas distribution channel that conveys gas from gas source to bore by way of a supply channel. 8. The device of claim 7, further comprising a reactant gas valve configured to selectively transfer the gas to the gas distribution channel. | 1,700 |
349,933 | 350,807 | 16,854,721 | 1,763 | A heat pump system for vehicle may include first cooling apparatus that includes first radiator and first water pump connected by first coolant line, second cooling apparatus that includes second radiator and second water pump connected by second coolant line, battery module provided in battery coolant line selectively connectable to second coolant line through first valve, and chiller provided in battery coolant line, connected to refrigerant line of air conditioner through refrigerant connection line, and adjusting coolant temperature by heat-exchanging selectively received coolant with refrigerant, wherein main heat-exchanger provided is connected to first and second coolant lines to receive coolant circulating first and second cooling apparatuses, and wherein main heat-exchanger is connected to first and second connection lines connected to refrigerant line through refrigerant valve to condense or evaporate refrigerant through heat-exchanging with coolant such that flow direction of refrigerant is changed depending on mode of vehicle. | 1. A heat pump system for a vehicle, the system comprising:
a first cooling apparatus that includes a first radiator and a first pump connected to each other by a first coolant line and is configured to circulate a coolant through the first coolant line to cool at least one electrical component and at least one motor mounted on the first coolant line; a second cooling apparatus that includes a second radiator and a second pump connected to each other by a second coolant line and is configured to circulate the coolant through the second coolant line; a battery module mounted in a battery coolant line selectively fluidically-connectable to the second coolant line through a first valve; and a chiller mounted in the battery coolant line to allow the coolant to pass through an internal of the chiller, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a coolant temperature by heat-exchanging a selectively received coolant with refrigerant supplied from the air conditioner, wherein a heat-exchanger mounted in the air conditioner is connected to the first and second coolant lines to receive the coolant circulating the first and second cooling apparatuses, and wherein the heat-exchanger is connected to first and second connection lines connected to the refrigerant line through a refrigerant valve to condense or evaporate the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant supplied through the first and second coolant lines so that a flow direction of the refrigerant is changed depending on at least one of a plurality of modes of the vehicle. 2. The heat pump system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioner includes:
a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) module including a door, the HVAC module connected to the refrigerant line and configured to adjust an ambient air having passed through an evaporator to selectively flow into an internal condenser mounted on the refrigerant line depending on cooling, heating, and dehumidification modes in the plurality of modes of the vehicle; a compressor connected to the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the internal condenser; a first expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator; a second expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant connection line; a first bypass line connecting the heat-exchanger and the compressor through the refrigerant valve so that the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger selectively flows into the compressor; a third expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant line between the internal condenser and the refrigerant valve; and a second bypass line including a first end portion connected to the refrigerant valve and a second end portion connected to the refrigerant line between the first expansion valve and the evaporator so that the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger selectively flows into the evaporator. 3. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a first end portion of the first connection line is connected to the refrigerant valve, and a second end portion of the first connection line is connected to the heat-exchanger, at a side of the refrigerant valve. 4. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a first end portion of the second connection line is connected to the refrigerant valve, and a second end portion of the second connection line is connected to the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator and the heat-exchanger, at an opposite side of the refrigerant valve. 5. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a sub-condenser is mounted in the refrigerant line between the heat-exchanger and the evaporator. 6. The heat pump system of claim 5, wherein, when the heat-exchanger condenses the refrigerant, the sub-condenser additionally condenses the refrigerant condensed at the heat-exchanger through heat-exchanging with the ambient air. 7. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the second expansion valve is operated when the battery module is to be cooled by use of the coolant having exchanged heat with the refrigerant, so that the second expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant that flows through the refrigerant connection line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the chiller. 8. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating mode and the heating and dehumidification modes of the vehicle, the third expansion valve selectively expands the refrigerant supplied from the internal condenser. 9. The heat pump system of claim 2,
wherein the first valve is configured to selectively connect the second coolant line and the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the chiller; wherein the first cooling apparatus further includes a first branch line connected to the first coolant line between the first radiator and the first pump through a second valve mounted in the first coolant line between the first radiator and the first pump; wherein the battery coolant line includes a second branch line connecting the chiller and the battery module through the first valve; and wherein the second coolant line includes a third branch line separating the battery coolant line and the second coolant line. 10. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the cooling mode of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant line while the first connection line is opened by operation of the refrigerant valve and the second connection line, and the first and second bypass lines are closed; and the third expansion valve is configured to pass the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant valve through the refrigerant line without expansion. 11. The heat pump system of claim 10, wherein
in the first and second cooling apparatuses, the coolant cooled at the first and second radiators is supplied to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and the heat-exchanger condenses the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 12. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating mode of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the second bypass line is closed while the second connection line and the first bypass line are opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator is closed by operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant having flowed from the internal condenser into the refrigerant valve is configured to pass through the heat-exchanger through the second connection line, and then flows into the compressor through the first connection line and the first bypass line interconnected by operation of the refrigerant valve; and the third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant valve into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 13. The heat pump system of claim 12,
wherein the first and second cooling apparatuses are configured to respectively supply the coolant to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and wherein the heat-exchanger evaporates the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 14. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating and dehumidification modes of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the second connection line, the first bypass line, and the second bypass line are configured to be opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator is configured to be closed by operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant having flowed from the internal condenser into the refrigerant valve flows into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line; a part of the refrigerant of the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger flows into the compressor through the first connection line and the first bypass line that are opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; a remaining refrigerant of the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger flows into the evaporator through the first connection line and the second bypass line that are open by operation of the refrigerant valve; and the third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant valve into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 15. The heat pump system of claim 14,
wherein the first and second cooling apparatuses are configured to respectively supply the coolant to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and wherein the heat-exchanger evaporates the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 16. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the second and third expansion valves are respectively an electronic expansion valve that controls flow movement of the refrigerant and selectively expands the refrigerant. 17. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the refrigerant valve is connected to the first and second connection lines, the refrigerant line, and the first and second bypass lines, and formed as a five-way valve controlling flow movement of the refrigerant. 18. The heat pump system of claim 2,
wherein a receiver dryer is mounted on the heat-exchanger on an opposite side of the refrigerant valve; and wherein the receiver dryer separates gaseous refrigerant contained in the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger, or the refrigerant flowing into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 19. The heat pump system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one electrical component includes at least one inverter and an on-board charger (OBC); and wherein the at least one motor includes two motors corresponding to front and rear wheels of the vehicle. | A heat pump system for vehicle may include first cooling apparatus that includes first radiator and first water pump connected by first coolant line, second cooling apparatus that includes second radiator and second water pump connected by second coolant line, battery module provided in battery coolant line selectively connectable to second coolant line through first valve, and chiller provided in battery coolant line, connected to refrigerant line of air conditioner through refrigerant connection line, and adjusting coolant temperature by heat-exchanging selectively received coolant with refrigerant, wherein main heat-exchanger provided is connected to first and second coolant lines to receive coolant circulating first and second cooling apparatuses, and wherein main heat-exchanger is connected to first and second connection lines connected to refrigerant line through refrigerant valve to condense or evaporate refrigerant through heat-exchanging with coolant such that flow direction of refrigerant is changed depending on mode of vehicle.1. A heat pump system for a vehicle, the system comprising:
a first cooling apparatus that includes a first radiator and a first pump connected to each other by a first coolant line and is configured to circulate a coolant through the first coolant line to cool at least one electrical component and at least one motor mounted on the first coolant line; a second cooling apparatus that includes a second radiator and a second pump connected to each other by a second coolant line and is configured to circulate the coolant through the second coolant line; a battery module mounted in a battery coolant line selectively fluidically-connectable to the second coolant line through a first valve; and a chiller mounted in the battery coolant line to allow the coolant to pass through an internal of the chiller, connected to a refrigerant line of an air conditioner through a refrigerant connection line, and configured to adjust a coolant temperature by heat-exchanging a selectively received coolant with refrigerant supplied from the air conditioner, wherein a heat-exchanger mounted in the air conditioner is connected to the first and second coolant lines to receive the coolant circulating the first and second cooling apparatuses, and wherein the heat-exchanger is connected to first and second connection lines connected to the refrigerant line through a refrigerant valve to condense or evaporate the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant supplied through the first and second coolant lines so that a flow direction of the refrigerant is changed depending on at least one of a plurality of modes of the vehicle. 2. The heat pump system of claim 1, wherein the air conditioner includes:
a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) module including a door, the HVAC module connected to the refrigerant line and configured to adjust an ambient air having passed through an evaporator to selectively flow into an internal condenser mounted on the refrigerant line depending on cooling, heating, and dehumidification modes in the plurality of modes of the vehicle; a compressor connected to the refrigerant line between the evaporator and the internal condenser; a first expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator; a second expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant connection line; a first bypass line connecting the heat-exchanger and the compressor through the refrigerant valve so that the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger selectively flows into the compressor; a third expansion valve mounted in the refrigerant line between the internal condenser and the refrigerant valve; and a second bypass line including a first end portion connected to the refrigerant valve and a second end portion connected to the refrigerant line between the first expansion valve and the evaporator so that the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger selectively flows into the evaporator. 3. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a first end portion of the first connection line is connected to the refrigerant valve, and a second end portion of the first connection line is connected to the heat-exchanger, at a side of the refrigerant valve. 4. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a first end portion of the second connection line is connected to the refrigerant valve, and a second end portion of the second connection line is connected to the refrigerant line connecting the evaporator and the heat-exchanger, at an opposite side of the refrigerant valve. 5. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein a sub-condenser is mounted in the refrigerant line between the heat-exchanger and the evaporator. 6. The heat pump system of claim 5, wherein, when the heat-exchanger condenses the refrigerant, the sub-condenser additionally condenses the refrigerant condensed at the heat-exchanger through heat-exchanging with the ambient air. 7. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the second expansion valve is operated when the battery module is to be cooled by use of the coolant having exchanged heat with the refrigerant, so that the second expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant that flows through the refrigerant connection line and supplies the expanded refrigerant to the chiller. 8. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating mode and the heating and dehumidification modes of the vehicle, the third expansion valve selectively expands the refrigerant supplied from the internal condenser. 9. The heat pump system of claim 2,
wherein the first valve is configured to selectively connect the second coolant line and the battery coolant line between the second radiator and the chiller; wherein the first cooling apparatus further includes a first branch line connected to the first coolant line between the first radiator and the first pump through a second valve mounted in the first coolant line between the first radiator and the first pump; wherein the battery coolant line includes a second branch line connecting the chiller and the battery module through the first valve; and wherein the second coolant line includes a third branch line separating the battery coolant line and the second coolant line. 10. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the cooling mode of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant line while the first connection line is opened by operation of the refrigerant valve and the second connection line, and the first and second bypass lines are closed; and the third expansion valve is configured to pass the refrigerant flowing into the refrigerant valve through the refrigerant line without expansion. 11. The heat pump system of claim 10, wherein
in the first and second cooling apparatuses, the coolant cooled at the first and second radiators is supplied to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and the heat-exchanger condenses the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 12. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating mode of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the second bypass line is closed while the second connection line and the first bypass line are opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator is closed by operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant having flowed from the internal condenser into the refrigerant valve is configured to pass through the heat-exchanger through the second connection line, and then flows into the compressor through the first connection line and the first bypass line interconnected by operation of the refrigerant valve; and the third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant valve into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 13. The heat pump system of claim 12,
wherein the first and second cooling apparatuses are configured to respectively supply the coolant to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and wherein the heat-exchanger evaporates the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 14. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein, in the heating and dehumidification modes of the vehicle, in the air conditioner:
the second connection line, the first bypass line, and the second bypass line are configured to be opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; the refrigerant line connecting the heat-exchanger and the evaporator is configured to be closed by operation of the first expansion valve; the refrigerant having flowed from the internal condenser into the refrigerant valve flows into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line; a part of the refrigerant of the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger flows into the compressor through the first connection line and the first bypass line that are opened by operation of the refrigerant valve; a remaining refrigerant of the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger flows into the evaporator through the first connection line and the second bypass line that are open by operation of the refrigerant valve; and the third expansion valve is configured to expand the refrigerant flowing from the refrigerant valve into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 15. The heat pump system of claim 14,
wherein the first and second cooling apparatuses are configured to respectively supply the coolant to the heat-exchanger by operation of the first and second pumps; and wherein the heat-exchanger evaporates the refrigerant through heat-exchanging with the coolant. 16. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the second and third expansion valves are respectively an electronic expansion valve that controls flow movement of the refrigerant and selectively expands the refrigerant. 17. The heat pump system of claim 2, wherein the refrigerant valve is connected to the first and second connection lines, the refrigerant line, and the first and second bypass lines, and formed as a five-way valve controlling flow movement of the refrigerant. 18. The heat pump system of claim 2,
wherein a receiver dryer is mounted on the heat-exchanger on an opposite side of the refrigerant valve; and wherein the receiver dryer separates gaseous refrigerant contained in the refrigerant having passed through the heat-exchanger, or the refrigerant flowing into the heat-exchanger through the second connection line. 19. The heat pump system of claim 1,
wherein the at least one electrical component includes at least one inverter and an on-board charger (OBC); and wherein the at least one motor includes two motors corresponding to front and rear wheels of the vehicle. | 1,700 |
349,934 | 350,808 | 16,854,794 | 1,763 | The Folding Ladder system is comprised of a square edge Double Sided Folding Step Ladder and a square edge Straight Folding Ladder. Both Ladders are collapsible and fold at each Step level which allows the Ladders to fold to a fraction of their normal size. The square overlapping Sections are unique to these ladders. They looks like regular ladders but on closer examination each Section collapse on the Section below which creates a stock up effect that cause the ladder to fold to about a quarter of its original size. The Double Sided Folding Step Ladder has Angled Uprights at the Bottom Section which gives it a wider base which prevent side tip over. The Top Step of both Ladders is not a Step. It is a storage compartment with rounded top not suitable for standing. An access door in the top of the Compartment give access where small tools and parts can be put away safely, without falling if the occupant moves the Ladder. | 1) A Square Edge, Folding Ladder System with separate Sections that folds independently at each step level;
A) A Square Edge Double Sided Folding Step Ladder with Angle Uprights at the Bottom Section and fold at each step level, B) A Square Edge, Straight Folding Ladder with a single side which folds at each step level, C) Square Edge Sections where each Step Level is a separate compartment Section, D) Overlapping Square Tubing that reduce in size from bottom to top, E) Interlocking Square Edge Uprights where the larger secure the smaller in place. 2) A Top Step converted into a Top Compartment which is for storage and not for standing.
A) A Top Compartment with rounded top, B) A Top Compartment with a Sliding Door that is not suitable to stand on. 3) Angled Uprights at First Step Level;
A) The Bottom Section or the First Step Level has Angled Uprights that slope inwards which prevents side tip over, B) Angled Uprights gives Ladder a wider base which enhance stability. C) A Short Channel which is connected to the Angled Upright, aligns and also connects with #1 Uprights and also accommodate all Uprights through the said channel when the Ladder is closed. | The Folding Ladder system is comprised of a square edge Double Sided Folding Step Ladder and a square edge Straight Folding Ladder. Both Ladders are collapsible and fold at each Step level which allows the Ladders to fold to a fraction of their normal size. The square overlapping Sections are unique to these ladders. They looks like regular ladders but on closer examination each Section collapse on the Section below which creates a stock up effect that cause the ladder to fold to about a quarter of its original size. The Double Sided Folding Step Ladder has Angled Uprights at the Bottom Section which gives it a wider base which prevent side tip over. The Top Step of both Ladders is not a Step. It is a storage compartment with rounded top not suitable for standing. An access door in the top of the Compartment give access where small tools and parts can be put away safely, without falling if the occupant moves the Ladder.1) A Square Edge, Folding Ladder System with separate Sections that folds independently at each step level;
A) A Square Edge Double Sided Folding Step Ladder with Angle Uprights at the Bottom Section and fold at each step level, B) A Square Edge, Straight Folding Ladder with a single side which folds at each step level, C) Square Edge Sections where each Step Level is a separate compartment Section, D) Overlapping Square Tubing that reduce in size from bottom to top, E) Interlocking Square Edge Uprights where the larger secure the smaller in place. 2) A Top Step converted into a Top Compartment which is for storage and not for standing.
A) A Top Compartment with rounded top, B) A Top Compartment with a Sliding Door that is not suitable to stand on. 3) Angled Uprights at First Step Level;
A) The Bottom Section or the First Step Level has Angled Uprights that slope inwards which prevents side tip over, B) Angled Uprights gives Ladder a wider base which enhance stability. C) A Short Channel which is connected to the Angled Upright, aligns and also connects with #1 Uprights and also accommodate all Uprights through the said channel when the Ladder is closed. | 1,700 |
349,935 | 350,809 | 16,854,776 | 1,763 | A device, system, and a computer-implemented method a for identifying an anomaly in an operation of a device includes comparing, by an electrical power analyzer, a current power draw signature of the device with a known power draw signature of the device. There is a determining as to whether at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature. A warning is generated in response to determining the at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature. | 1. A computer-implemented method of identifying an anomaly in an operation of a device, comprising:
comparing, by an electrical power analyzer coupled to an electrical outlet, a current power draw signature of the device with a known power draw signature of the device; determining whether at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature; and generating a warning in response to determining the at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising identifying whether the at least one anomaly includes a failure-indicating activity associated with an imminent failure of the device; and
storing the current power draw signature. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the warning further comprises recommending at least one of repair or replacement of the device based on the at least one anomaly. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the device is a first device and the electrical analyzer is coupled to an Internet of Things (IoT) network, and the method further comprising identifying by a power draw signature additional devices coupled to the first device, and
receiving device profiles over the Internet from a repository. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a first device, and further comprising identifying a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to a same branch circuit as the first device. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the electrical power analyzer, a device power profile including the known power draw signature of the device. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, further comprising receiving the device power profile from a plurality of similarly-classified types of devices. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising utilizing machine learning in determining the at least one anomaly, and that the at least one anomaly includes failure-indicating activity. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the comparing of the current power draw signature of the device with the known power draw signature further comprises:
reviewing a plurality of power draw signatures of the device over a predetermined time period; and determining whether the at least one anomaly over the predetermined time period indicates a degraded operation of the device. 10. An electrical power analyzer, comprising:
a voltage measurement module configured to measure voltages of lead pairs connected to respective prongs of an electrical plug and to output analog waveform data streams of a device; a sampler and digitizer configured to generate a current power draw signature of a device based on received analog waveform data streams output from the voltage measurement module, and to digitize the analog waveform data streams; a memory configured to store the digitized waveform streams; and a communications module including a buffer, the communications module configured to receive and output the digitized waveform data streams; and a processor configured to compare the current power draw signature of the digitized waveform streams received from the communications module with a known power draw signature of the device, and to generate a warning in response to a determination that the waveform data streams include at least one of an anomaly or artifact. 11. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to include in the generated warning a recommendation to repair or replace the device based on the determined at least one of anomaly or artifact in the waveform data streams. 12. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, further comprising a receptacle configured to receive the leads of a power cord of the device, and prongs configured to be connected to a power source. 13. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 12, wherein the analysis module is further configured to determine whether the device having the at least one anomaly includes a failure-indicating activity associated with an imminent failure of the device; and
wherein the analysis module is further configured to determine whether the device having the failure-indicating activity is to be repaired or be replaced based on a smaller ecological footprint. 14. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 13, wherein the device comprises a first device, and wherein the electrical power analyzer is further configured to identify a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to a same branch circuit as the first device. 15. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, further comprising an analysis module configured to reiteratively analyze a plurality of power draw signatures of the device over a predetermined time period, and to determine whether there is a degradation of a device operation over the predetermined time period. 16. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 15, wherein the analysis module is arranged in a mobile communication terminal and configured to communicate with the communications module via short-range wireless communication. 17. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, configured for coupling to an Internet of Things (IoT) network, and further configured to:
identify a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to the first device; and receive device profiles of the additional device over the internet from a repository and identify a device profile based on the power draw signature. 18. An electrical power system for environmental and ecological optimization, the system comprising:
an electrical power analyzer configured for insertion into a branch electrical outlet, the electrical power analyzer including at least three prongs with at least three separate analytical leads forming at least three lead pairs, and an input receptacle configured to be electrically connectable to a power cord from a device being monitored; a data acquisition module including an operational amplifier configured to measure a voltage of each of the three lead pairs; a sampler and digitizer configured to sample analog waveform data streams output from the data acquisition module and output a power draw signature of the digitized waveform data streams; and a communications module configured to record and transmit the power draw signature of the digitized waveform streams to an analysis module and to transmit a warning based on analysis of the power drawer signature performed by the analysis module; wherein the communications module is further configured to transmit a warning based on information received from the analysis module about an operational status of the device; and wherein the received information includes a potential failure risk of the device being monitored and recommended corrective action associated with the device being monitored. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the analysis module is configured to identify one or more anomalies in the received power draw signature of the device, and wherein the recommended corrective action includes an analysis of an environmental and ecological impact of a repair of the device versus a replacement of the device; and
wherein the communications module is further configured to transmit the warning to one or more designated recipients. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the communications module is configured to send and receive information regarding the power draw signatures to the analysis module via at least one of a cloud or a local network. | A device, system, and a computer-implemented method a for identifying an anomaly in an operation of a device includes comparing, by an electrical power analyzer, a current power draw signature of the device with a known power draw signature of the device. There is a determining as to whether at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature. A warning is generated in response to determining the at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature.1. A computer-implemented method of identifying an anomaly in an operation of a device, comprising:
comparing, by an electrical power analyzer coupled to an electrical outlet, a current power draw signature of the device with a known power draw signature of the device; determining whether at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature; and generating a warning in response to determining the at least one anomaly is present in the current power draw signature. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising identifying whether the at least one anomaly includes a failure-indicating activity associated with an imminent failure of the device; and
storing the current power draw signature. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the generating of the warning further comprises recommending at least one of repair or replacement of the device based on the at least one anomaly. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the device is a first device and the electrical analyzer is coupled to an Internet of Things (IoT) network, and the method further comprising identifying by a power draw signature additional devices coupled to the first device, and
receiving device profiles over the Internet from a repository. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the device comprises a first device, and further comprising identifying a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to a same branch circuit as the first device. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising receiving, by the electrical power analyzer, a device power profile including the known power draw signature of the device. 7. The computer-implemented method according to claim 6, further comprising receiving the device power profile from a plurality of similarly-classified types of devices. 8. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, further comprising utilizing machine learning in determining the at least one anomaly, and that the at least one anomaly includes failure-indicating activity. 9. The computer-implemented method according to claim 1, wherein the comparing of the current power draw signature of the device with the known power draw signature further comprises:
reviewing a plurality of power draw signatures of the device over a predetermined time period; and determining whether the at least one anomaly over the predetermined time period indicates a degraded operation of the device. 10. An electrical power analyzer, comprising:
a voltage measurement module configured to measure voltages of lead pairs connected to respective prongs of an electrical plug and to output analog waveform data streams of a device; a sampler and digitizer configured to generate a current power draw signature of a device based on received analog waveform data streams output from the voltage measurement module, and to digitize the analog waveform data streams; a memory configured to store the digitized waveform streams; and a communications module including a buffer, the communications module configured to receive and output the digitized waveform data streams; and a processor configured to compare the current power draw signature of the digitized waveform streams received from the communications module with a known power draw signature of the device, and to generate a warning in response to a determination that the waveform data streams include at least one of an anomaly or artifact. 11. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, wherein the processor is further configured to include in the generated warning a recommendation to repair or replace the device based on the determined at least one of anomaly or artifact in the waveform data streams. 12. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, further comprising a receptacle configured to receive the leads of a power cord of the device, and prongs configured to be connected to a power source. 13. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 12, wherein the analysis module is further configured to determine whether the device having the at least one anomaly includes a failure-indicating activity associated with an imminent failure of the device; and
wherein the analysis module is further configured to determine whether the device having the failure-indicating activity is to be repaired or be replaced based on a smaller ecological footprint. 14. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 13, wherein the device comprises a first device, and wherein the electrical power analyzer is further configured to identify a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to a same branch circuit as the first device. 15. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, further comprising an analysis module configured to reiteratively analyze a plurality of power draw signatures of the device over a predetermined time period, and to determine whether there is a degradation of a device operation over the predetermined time period. 16. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 15, wherein the analysis module is arranged in a mobile communication terminal and configured to communicate with the communications module via short-range wireless communication. 17. The electrical power analyzer according to claim 10, configured for coupling to an Internet of Things (IoT) network, and further configured to:
identify a power draw signature of additional devices coupled to the first device; and receive device profiles of the additional device over the internet from a repository and identify a device profile based on the power draw signature. 18. An electrical power system for environmental and ecological optimization, the system comprising:
an electrical power analyzer configured for insertion into a branch electrical outlet, the electrical power analyzer including at least three prongs with at least three separate analytical leads forming at least three lead pairs, and an input receptacle configured to be electrically connectable to a power cord from a device being monitored; a data acquisition module including an operational amplifier configured to measure a voltage of each of the three lead pairs; a sampler and digitizer configured to sample analog waveform data streams output from the data acquisition module and output a power draw signature of the digitized waveform data streams; and a communications module configured to record and transmit the power draw signature of the digitized waveform streams to an analysis module and to transmit a warning based on analysis of the power drawer signature performed by the analysis module; wherein the communications module is further configured to transmit a warning based on information received from the analysis module about an operational status of the device; and wherein the received information includes a potential failure risk of the device being monitored and recommended corrective action associated with the device being monitored. 19. The system according to claim 18, wherein the analysis module is configured to identify one or more anomalies in the received power draw signature of the device, and wherein the recommended corrective action includes an analysis of an environmental and ecological impact of a repair of the device versus a replacement of the device; and
wherein the communications module is further configured to transmit the warning to one or more designated recipients. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the communications module is configured to send and receive information regarding the power draw signatures to the analysis module via at least one of a cloud or a local network. | 1,700 |
349,936 | 350,810 | 16,854,777 | 1,763 | An item such as a fabric-based item or other item may have one or more actuators. An actuator may have a conductive strand of material. A control circuit may supply a current to the conductive strand that induces a length change in the conductive strand due to ohmic heating and associated thermal expansion effects. The control circuit may be used to activate the actuator in response to user input that is supplied to an associated input device such as a switch, capacitive sensor, force sensor, light-based sensor, or other input component. The fabric-based item may include fabric such as woven fabric or knit fabric. Strands of conductive material may serve as signals paths for supplying current to conductive strands in actuators. Magnetic-field-based actuators may be formed by coiling conductive strands around tubular support structures such as piping in fabric-based items. | 1. Apparatus, comprising:
a magnetic-field-based actuator formed from a conductive strand that is coiled around a tubular structure with a non-circular cross-sectional shape; and a control circuit that applies current to the conductive strand to generate a magnetic field that causes the tubular structure to acquire a circular cross-sectional shape. 2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further comprising a layer of material to which the tubular structure is attached. 3. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the layer of material comprises a layer of fabric and wherein the tubular structure comprises piping on the layer of fabric. 4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the non-circular profile is an oval profile. 5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the oval profile is characterized by a minor axis and a major axis that is larger than the minor axis, and wherein the major axis is parallel to the layer of fabric. 6. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the magnetic-field-based actuator provides haptic feedback. 7. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the tubular structure is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of: foam, fabric, and elastomeric polymer. 8. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further comprising an electrical component that is aligned with the magnetic-field-based actuator. 9. The apparatus defined in claim 8 wherein the electrical component comprises a sensor and wherein the control circuit applies the current based on an output from the sensor. 10. A fabric-based item, comprising:
fabric formed from strands of material; a magnetic-field-based actuator formed from a conductive strand in the strands of material, wherein the conductive strand forms a loop; non-conductive strands in the strands of material, wherein the non-conductive strands pass through the loop; and control circuitry that applies a signal to the magnetic-field-based actuator to change a shape of the loop and generate haptic output. 11. The fabric-based item defined in claim 10 wherein the control circuitry changes the shape of the loop from a non-circular shape to a circular shape in response to a user input. 12. The fabric-based item defined in claim 10 further comprising a keyboard having keys covered with the fabric, wherein the actuator is aligned with one of the keys. 13. Apparatus, comprising:
a fabric, wherein the fabric includes first, second, and third fabric layers; a conductive thread, wherein a first portion of the conductive thread is interposed between the first layer and the second layer and a second portion of the conductive thread is interposed between the second layer and the third layer; and control circuitry that applies a signal to the conductive thread to move the conductive thread and generate haptic output. 14. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the conductive thread forms an actuator pad. 15. The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein the actuator pad forms a keyboard key. 16. The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein a layer of dielectric material overlaps the actuator pad. 17. The apparatus defined in claim 16 wherein the dielectric material comprises elastomeric material. 18. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the fabric comprises woven fabric. 19. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the control circuitry applies the signal in response to a user input. 20. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the control circuitry generates the haptic output in a first pattern in response to a first user input and wherein the control circuitry generates the haptic output in a second pattern that is different from the first pattern in response to a second input. | An item such as a fabric-based item or other item may have one or more actuators. An actuator may have a conductive strand of material. A control circuit may supply a current to the conductive strand that induces a length change in the conductive strand due to ohmic heating and associated thermal expansion effects. The control circuit may be used to activate the actuator in response to user input that is supplied to an associated input device such as a switch, capacitive sensor, force sensor, light-based sensor, or other input component. The fabric-based item may include fabric such as woven fabric or knit fabric. Strands of conductive material may serve as signals paths for supplying current to conductive strands in actuators. Magnetic-field-based actuators may be formed by coiling conductive strands around tubular support structures such as piping in fabric-based items.1. Apparatus, comprising:
a magnetic-field-based actuator formed from a conductive strand that is coiled around a tubular structure with a non-circular cross-sectional shape; and a control circuit that applies current to the conductive strand to generate a magnetic field that causes the tubular structure to acquire a circular cross-sectional shape. 2. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further comprising a layer of material to which the tubular structure is attached. 3. The apparatus defined in claim 2 wherein the layer of material comprises a layer of fabric and wherein the tubular structure comprises piping on the layer of fabric. 4. The apparatus defined in claim 3 wherein the non-circular profile is an oval profile. 5. The apparatus defined in claim 4 wherein the oval profile is characterized by a minor axis and a major axis that is larger than the minor axis, and wherein the major axis is parallel to the layer of fabric. 6. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the magnetic-field-based actuator provides haptic feedback. 7. The apparatus defined in claim 1 wherein the tubular structure is formed from a material selected from the group consisting of: foam, fabric, and elastomeric polymer. 8. The apparatus defined in claim 1 further comprising an electrical component that is aligned with the magnetic-field-based actuator. 9. The apparatus defined in claim 8 wherein the electrical component comprises a sensor and wherein the control circuit applies the current based on an output from the sensor. 10. A fabric-based item, comprising:
fabric formed from strands of material; a magnetic-field-based actuator formed from a conductive strand in the strands of material, wherein the conductive strand forms a loop; non-conductive strands in the strands of material, wherein the non-conductive strands pass through the loop; and control circuitry that applies a signal to the magnetic-field-based actuator to change a shape of the loop and generate haptic output. 11. The fabric-based item defined in claim 10 wherein the control circuitry changes the shape of the loop from a non-circular shape to a circular shape in response to a user input. 12. The fabric-based item defined in claim 10 further comprising a keyboard having keys covered with the fabric, wherein the actuator is aligned with one of the keys. 13. Apparatus, comprising:
a fabric, wherein the fabric includes first, second, and third fabric layers; a conductive thread, wherein a first portion of the conductive thread is interposed between the first layer and the second layer and a second portion of the conductive thread is interposed between the second layer and the third layer; and control circuitry that applies a signal to the conductive thread to move the conductive thread and generate haptic output. 14. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the conductive thread forms an actuator pad. 15. The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein the actuator pad forms a keyboard key. 16. The apparatus defined in claim 14 wherein a layer of dielectric material overlaps the actuator pad. 17. The apparatus defined in claim 16 wherein the dielectric material comprises elastomeric material. 18. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the fabric comprises woven fabric. 19. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the control circuitry applies the signal in response to a user input. 20. The apparatus defined in claim 13 wherein the control circuitry generates the haptic output in a first pattern in response to a first user input and wherein the control circuitry generates the haptic output in a second pattern that is different from the first pattern in response to a second input. | 1,700 |
349,937 | 350,811 | 16,854,731 | 1,763 | A system and method for the real-time management of a device, and more particularly to the establishment and enforcement of policies or rules associated with the feature or functions that may be performed with the device, such as making and receiving calls, exchanging data, playing games and music, sending and receiving email, accessing web sites, and paying for goods and services. If a child or employee is using the device, there may be a need to regulate how that device can be used and to determine who will pay for what goods or services. In addition to providing all of the features associated with a device, service providers need to be able to establish and enforce rules (policies) regulating how and when that device can be used and who will pay for a good or service requested by the user of the device. | 1. A system for managing a computing device, the system comprising:
a server at a first packet-based network configured to receive a request to or from the computing device to perform one or more functions associated with the computing device, the one or more functions operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; a policy decider operable to access one or more policies stored at the first packet-based network, and stored remotely from the computing device, wherein the one or more policies control one or more functions associated with the computing device, and the policy decider is further operable to generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; and a policy enforcer operable to enforce the decision of the policy decider as to whether the request has been granted or denied by transmitting data to the server, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision to the server. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a mobile phone. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprises a limit on units of value that can be used to perform the one or more functions, wherein the decision denies the request when performing the function causes the limit to be exceeded. 4. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more policies comprises a limit on units of value that can be used to perform the one or more functions and one or more contacts associated with one or more computing devices. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more functions comprise one or more of voice calling, messaging, data surfing, gaming, content accessing, goods purchasing, and service purchasing. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprise one or more of a time-based policy, a location-based policy, and a quality of service-based policy. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is associated with an account managed by an administrator, wherein the account is shared with a plurality of computing devices. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more policies are accessible using an interface, and wherein each computing device from the plurality of computing devices is associated with a list of one or more policies, and wherein each list of one or more policies is customizable based on input received at the interface. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprise one or more blocked contacts associated with one or more computing devices, wherein the decision denies the request when performing the function causes the computing device to interact with a computing device associated with the one or more blocked contacts. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies control content that can be sent, received, or used by the computing device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is used by a user and managed by an administrator, and wherein the one or more actions consistent with the decision comprise a notification directed to the administrator, the user, or both the administrator and the user when the decision denies the request. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision is based at least in part on input from an administrator associated with the remote computing device. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein enforcing the response comprises enabling communication with the computing device when the decision grants the request and disabling communication with the computing device when the decision denies the request, the communication being enabled or disabled without accessing the one or more policies by the computing device. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more functions are provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. 15. A method for managing a computing device configured to communicate via a communication network, the method comprising:
storing one or more policies remotely from the computing device, at a first packet-based network, the one or more policies controlling one or more functions associated with the computing device; receiving at the first packet-based network, a request sent to or from the computing device to run a function associated with the computing device, the function operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; enforcing the decision by transmitting data to the first packet-based network, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision; and sending data indicative of the action to the computing device. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a total prohibition on content that can be sent, received, or used. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a quantity limit on a type of content that can be sent, received or used in a given period. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a limit on how many units of value can be spent by the user on content that can be sent, received, or used in a given period. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
generating a notification directed to an administrator that manages the communication device, the user, or both the administrator and the user when the limit on how many units of value can be spent by the user has been reached. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a limit on a type of content that can be sent, received or used, and wherein the limit is determined by a filter that reviews content that can be sent, received, or used. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the filter is established and managed by at least one of an administrator and a third party. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the function is provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the first packet-based network includes a server that one or more stores the one or more policies and receives the requests. 24. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions for managing a computing device configured to communicate over a network serviced by a service provider, the medium storing thereon computer readable instructions that, when executed on a system, cause the system to at least:
storing one or more policies remotely from the computing device, at a first packet-based network, the one or more policies controlling one or more functions associated with the computing device; receiving, at a server on the first packet-based network, a request sent to or from the computing device to run a function associated with the computing device, the function operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; enforcing the decision by transmitting data to the server, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision; and sending data indicative of the action to the computing device. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the one or more policies include a user-established list of policies and an administrator-established list of policies, and wherein the administrator-established list of policies can take precedence over the user-established list of policies. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the one or more policies further include a third party-established list of policies, and wherein the third party-established list of policies can take precedence over the user-established list of policies and the administrator-established list of policies. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the third party-established list of policies is generated based on input associated with an institution attended by a user of the computing device. 28. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the third party-established list of policies is generated based on input associated with an employer of a user of the computing device. 29. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the computer readable instructions further cause the system to at least:
associate a plurality of computing devices with an account managed by an administrator and associate the one or more policies with the plurality of computing devices, wherein the plurality of computing devices includes the computing device. 30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the function is provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. | A system and method for the real-time management of a device, and more particularly to the establishment and enforcement of policies or rules associated with the feature or functions that may be performed with the device, such as making and receiving calls, exchanging data, playing games and music, sending and receiving email, accessing web sites, and paying for goods and services. If a child or employee is using the device, there may be a need to regulate how that device can be used and to determine who will pay for what goods or services. In addition to providing all of the features associated with a device, service providers need to be able to establish and enforce rules (policies) regulating how and when that device can be used and who will pay for a good or service requested by the user of the device.1. A system for managing a computing device, the system comprising:
a server at a first packet-based network configured to receive a request to or from the computing device to perform one or more functions associated with the computing device, the one or more functions operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; a policy decider operable to access one or more policies stored at the first packet-based network, and stored remotely from the computing device, wherein the one or more policies control one or more functions associated with the computing device, and the policy decider is further operable to generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; and a policy enforcer operable to enforce the decision of the policy decider as to whether the request has been granted or denied by transmitting data to the server, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision to the server. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is a mobile phone. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprises a limit on units of value that can be used to perform the one or more functions, wherein the decision denies the request when performing the function causes the limit to be exceeded. 4. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more policies comprises a limit on units of value that can be used to perform the one or more functions and one or more contacts associated with one or more computing devices. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more functions comprise one or more of voice calling, messaging, data surfing, gaming, content accessing, goods purchasing, and service purchasing. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprise one or more of a time-based policy, a location-based policy, and a quality of service-based policy. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is associated with an account managed by an administrator, wherein the account is shared with a plurality of computing devices. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more policies are accessible using an interface, and wherein each computing device from the plurality of computing devices is associated with a list of one or more policies, and wherein each list of one or more policies is customizable based on input received at the interface. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies comprise one or more blocked contacts associated with one or more computing devices, wherein the decision denies the request when performing the function causes the computing device to interact with a computing device associated with the one or more blocked contacts. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more policies control content that can be sent, received, or used by the computing device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is used by a user and managed by an administrator, and wherein the one or more actions consistent with the decision comprise a notification directed to the administrator, the user, or both the administrator and the user when the decision denies the request. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the decision is based at least in part on input from an administrator associated with the remote computing device. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein enforcing the response comprises enabling communication with the computing device when the decision grants the request and disabling communication with the computing device when the decision denies the request, the communication being enabled or disabled without accessing the one or more policies by the computing device. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more functions are provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. 15. A method for managing a computing device configured to communicate via a communication network, the method comprising:
storing one or more policies remotely from the computing device, at a first packet-based network, the one or more policies controlling one or more functions associated with the computing device; receiving at the first packet-based network, a request sent to or from the computing device to run a function associated with the computing device, the function operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; enforcing the decision by transmitting data to the first packet-based network, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision; and sending data indicative of the action to the computing device. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a total prohibition on content that can be sent, received, or used. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a quantity limit on a type of content that can be sent, received or used in a given period. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a limit on how many units of value can be spent by the user on content that can be sent, received, or used in a given period. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
generating a notification directed to an administrator that manages the communication device, the user, or both the administrator and the user when the limit on how many units of value can be spent by the user has been reached. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the policy establishes a limit on a type of content that can be sent, received or used, and wherein the limit is determined by a filter that reviews content that can be sent, received, or used. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the filter is established and managed by at least one of an administrator and a third party. 22. The method of claim 13, wherein the function is provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. 23. The method of claim 13, wherein the first packet-based network includes a server that one or more stores the one or more policies and receives the requests. 24. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions for managing a computing device configured to communicate over a network serviced by a service provider, the medium storing thereon computer readable instructions that, when executed on a system, cause the system to at least:
storing one or more policies remotely from the computing device, at a first packet-based network, the one or more policies controlling one or more functions associated with the computing device; receiving, at a server on the first packet-based network, a request sent to or from the computing device to run a function associated with the computing device, the function operating on a second packet-based network separate from the first packet-based network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the one or more policies; enforcing the decision by transmitting data to the server, the data being indicative of one or more actions consistent with the decision; and sending data indicative of the action to the computing device. 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the one or more policies include a user-established list of policies and an administrator-established list of policies, and wherein the administrator-established list of policies can take precedence over the user-established list of policies. 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 25, wherein the one or more policies further include a third party-established list of policies, and wherein the third party-established list of policies can take precedence over the user-established list of policies and the administrator-established list of policies. 27. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the third party-established list of policies is generated based on input associated with an institution attended by a user of the computing device. 28. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the third party-established list of policies is generated based on input associated with an employer of a user of the computing device. 29. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 26, wherein the computer readable instructions further cause the system to at least:
associate a plurality of computing devices with an account managed by an administrator and associate the one or more policies with the plurality of computing devices, wherein the plurality of computing devices includes the computing device. 30. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 24, wherein the function is provided by a service provider operating the second packet-based network. | 1,700 |
349,938 | 350,812 | 16,854,767 | 1,763 | This specification discloses LEDs in which the light emitting active region of the semiconductor diode structure is located within an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer embedded within the semiconductor diode structure on one side of the active region and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the embedded nanostructured layer. The reflector may, for example, be a conventional specular reflector disposed on or adjacent to a surface of the semiconductor diode structure. Alternatively, the reflector may or comprise a nanostructured layer. The reflector may comprise a nanostructured layer and a specular reflector, with the nanostructured layer disposed adjacent to the specular reflector between the specular reflector and the active region. | 1. A light emitting device comprising:
a semiconductor diode structure comprising an active region, a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces; and an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas embedded in the semiconductor diode structure between the active region and the top surface, and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the nanostructured layer. 2. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector is located a distance from the active region less than or equal to a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 3. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured layer is located a distance from the active region less than or equal to a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 4. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured layer is located a distance from the active region greater than a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 5. The light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the nanostructured layer is located adjacent the top surface of the light emitting semiconductor structure. 6. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector is or comprises a specular reflector. 7. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a nanostructured reflector layer comprising an array of nanoantennas. 8. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are embedded in the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 9. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are disposed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 10. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are spaced apart from the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 11. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a specular reflector and a nanostructured reflector layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed between the specular reflector and the active region. 12. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are embedded in the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 13. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 14. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 15. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are disposed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 16. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 17. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 18. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are spaced apart from the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure 19. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 20. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 21. The light emitting device of claim 1, comprising:
a transparent substrate comprising a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the transparent substrate disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure; and a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to collimate light emitted by the active region and incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate during operation of the light emitting device. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to angularly filter light emitted by the active region and incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate during operation of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to reflect toward a side surface of the transparent substrate light that is incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate at or near normal incidence during operation of the light emitting device. 25. The light emitting device of claim 1, comprising:
a transparent substrate comprising a top surface and an oppositely positioned bottom surface disposed with its bottom surface on or adjacent the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure; and a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent an interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent the interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate is configured to reduce reflection of light emitted by the active region and incident on the interface during operation of the light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent the interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate is configured to collimate light emitted by the active region and incident on the interface during operation of the light emitting device 28. A light emitting device, comprising:
a substrate; and an array of LEDs arranged on the substrate, each LED comprising
a semiconductor diode structure comprising an active region, a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface disposed on or adjacent the substrate; and
an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas embedded in the semiconductor diode structure between the active region and the top surface, and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the nanostructured layer. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the array of LEDs is a monolithic array of LEDs. 30. The light emitting device of claim 29, wherein the LEDs are microLEDs. 31. The light emitting device of claim 30, wherein a spacing between adjacent microLEDs is less than or equal to ten microns. | This specification discloses LEDs in which the light emitting active region of the semiconductor diode structure is located within an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer embedded within the semiconductor diode structure on one side of the active region and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the embedded nanostructured layer. The reflector may, for example, be a conventional specular reflector disposed on or adjacent to a surface of the semiconductor diode structure. Alternatively, the reflector may or comprise a nanostructured layer. The reflector may comprise a nanostructured layer and a specular reflector, with the nanostructured layer disposed adjacent to the specular reflector between the specular reflector and the active region.1. A light emitting device comprising:
a semiconductor diode structure comprising an active region, a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces; and an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas embedded in the semiconductor diode structure between the active region and the top surface, and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the nanostructured layer. 2. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector is located a distance from the active region less than or equal to a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 3. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured layer is located a distance from the active region less than or equal to a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 4. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the nanostructured layer is located a distance from the active region greater than a peak wavelength of light emitted by the active region in operation of the light emitting device. 5. The light emitting device of claim 4, wherein the nanostructured layer is located adjacent the top surface of the light emitting semiconductor structure. 6. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector is or comprises a specular reflector. 7. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a nanostructured reflector layer comprising an array of nanoantennas. 8. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are embedded in the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 9. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are disposed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 10. The light emitting device of claim 7, wherein the nanoantennas are spaced apart from the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 11. The light emitting device of claim 1, wherein the reflector comprises a specular reflector and a nanostructured reflector layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed between the specular reflector and the active region. 12. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are embedded in the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 13. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 14. The light emitting device of claim 12, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 15. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are disposed on the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure. 16. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 17. The light emitting device of claim 15, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 18. The light emitting device of claim 11, wherein the nanoantennas are spaced apart from the bottom surface of the semiconductor diode structure 19. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the specular reflector is spaced apart from the nanoantennas. 20. The light emitting device of claim 18, wherein the specular reflector is adjacent the nanoantennas. 21. The light emitting device of claim 1, comprising:
a transparent substrate comprising a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface of the transparent substrate disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure; and a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate. 22. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to collimate light emitted by the active region and incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate during operation of the light emitting device. 23. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to angularly filter light emitted by the active region and incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate during operation of the light emitting device. 24. The light emitting device of claim 21, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed on or adjacent the top surface of the transparent substrate is configured to reflect toward a side surface of the transparent substrate light that is incident on the top surface of the transparent substrate at or near normal incidence during operation of the light emitting device. 25. The light emitting device of claim 1, comprising:
a transparent substrate comprising a top surface and an oppositely positioned bottom surface disposed with its bottom surface on or adjacent the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure; and a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent an interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate. 26. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent the interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate is configured to reduce reflection of light emitted by the active region and incident on the interface during operation of the light emitting device. 27. The light emitting device of claim 25, wherein the array of nanoantennas disposed at or adjacent the interface between the top surface of the semiconductor diode structure and the bottom surface of the transparent substrate is configured to collimate light emitted by the active region and incident on the interface during operation of the light emitting device 28. A light emitting device, comprising:
a substrate; and an array of LEDs arranged on the substrate, each LED comprising
a semiconductor diode structure comprising an active region, a top surface, an oppositely positioned bottom surface, and side surfaces connecting the top and bottom surfaces, the bottom surface disposed on or adjacent the substrate; and
an optical cavity defined by a nanostructured layer comprising an array of nanoantennas embedded in the semiconductor diode structure between the active region and the top surface, and a reflector located on the opposite side of the active region from the nanostructured layer. 29. The light emitting device of claim 28, wherein the array of LEDs is a monolithic array of LEDs. 30. The light emitting device of claim 29, wherein the LEDs are microLEDs. 31. The light emitting device of claim 30, wherein a spacing between adjacent microLEDs is less than or equal to ten microns. | 1,700 |
349,939 | 350,813 | 16,854,748 | 1,763 | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame and a P lead frame, each having a body portion and a terminal portion. The power card includes an O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion. The power card includes a first power device located between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame. The power card includes a second power device located between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation. | 1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion: a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion, the cooling portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation. 2. The power card of claim 1, wherein the O lead frame is made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 3. The power card of claim 2, wherein the first axis is a vertical axis, the second is a lengthwise axis, and the third axis is a widthwise axis. 4. The power card of claim 2, wherein the material is graphite. 5. The power card of claim 1, wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame extends from the body portion of the O lead frame such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame are non-overlapping with the cooling portion of the O lead frame. 6. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 7. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a platform coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and having a first side configured to couple to the first power device and a second side configured to couple to the second power device, and
wherein the platform is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the body portion of the O lead frame along a vertical axis. 8. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an evaporator and the cooling portion of the O lead frame includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. 9. The power card of claim 8, further comprising a wick located along an interior surface of the evaporator and the condenser, the wick configured to absorb the condensed liquid in the condenser and return the condensed liquid to the evaporator. 10. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an O lead frame located between an N lead frame and a P lead frame, the O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion,
a first power device located on a first side of the O lead frame between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device located on a second side of the O lead frame between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation. 11. The power system of claim 10, wherein the O lead frame is made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 12. The power system of claim 11, wherein the first axis is a vertical axis, the second is a lengthwise axis, and the third axis is a widthwise axis. 13. The power system of claim 11, wherein the material is graphite. 14. The power system of claim 10, wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame extends from the body portion of the O lead frame such that a body portion of the P lead frame and a body portion of the N lead frame are non-overlapping with the cooling portion of the O lead frame. 15. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 16. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a platform coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and having a first side configured to couple to the first power device and a second side configured to couple to the second power device, and
wherein the platform is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the body portion of the O lead frame. 17. The power system of claim 10, wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an evaporator and the cooling portion of the O lead frame includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. 18. A lead frame for use in a vehicle power card, the lead frame comprising:
a body portion having a first side coupled to a first power device, a second side coupled to a second power device, the body portion being configured to absorb heat from the first power device and the second power device; and a cooling portion extending outward from the body portion and configured to receive the absorbed heat from the body portion for heat dissipation. 19. The lead frame of claim 18, wherein the body portion and the cooling portion are made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 20. The lead frame of claim 18, wherein the body portion includes an evaporator and the cooling portion includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame and a P lead frame, each having a body portion and a terminal portion. The power card includes an O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion. The power card includes a first power device located between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame. The power card includes a second power device located between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation.1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion: a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion, the cooling portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation. 2. The power card of claim 1, wherein the O lead frame is made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 3. The power card of claim 2, wherein the first axis is a vertical axis, the second is a lengthwise axis, and the third axis is a widthwise axis. 4. The power card of claim 2, wherein the material is graphite. 5. The power card of claim 1, wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame extends from the body portion of the O lead frame such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame are non-overlapping with the cooling portion of the O lead frame. 6. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 7. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a platform coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and having a first side configured to couple to the first power device and a second side configured to couple to the second power device, and
wherein the platform is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the body portion of the O lead frame along a vertical axis. 8. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an evaporator and the cooling portion of the O lead frame includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. 9. The power card of claim 8, further comprising a wick located along an interior surface of the evaporator and the condenser, the wick configured to absorb the condensed liquid in the condenser and return the condensed liquid to the evaporator. 10. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an O lead frame located between an N lead frame and a P lead frame, the O lead frame having a body portion and a cooling portion,
a first power device located on a first side of the O lead frame between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device located on a second side of the O lead frame between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the O lead frame configured to receive heat from the first power device and the second power device by the body portion of the O lead frame and transfer the heat to the cooling portion of the O lead frame for heat dissipation. 11. The power system of claim 10, wherein the O lead frame is made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 12. The power system of claim 11, wherein the first axis is a vertical axis, the second is a lengthwise axis, and the third axis is a widthwise axis. 13. The power system of claim 11, wherein the material is graphite. 14. The power system of claim 10, wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame extends from the body portion of the O lead frame such that a body portion of the P lead frame and a body portion of the N lead frame are non-overlapping with the cooling portion of the O lead frame. 15. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the cooling portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 16. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a platform coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and having a first side configured to couple to the first power device and a second side configured to couple to the second power device, and
wherein the platform is made of a material having a lower thermal conductivity than the body portion of the O lead frame. 17. The power system of claim 10, wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an evaporator and the cooling portion of the O lead frame includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. 18. A lead frame for use in a vehicle power card, the lead frame comprising:
a body portion having a first side coupled to a first power device, a second side coupled to a second power device, the body portion being configured to absorb heat from the first power device and the second power device; and a cooling portion extending outward from the body portion and configured to receive the absorbed heat from the body portion for heat dissipation. 19. The lead frame of claim 18, wherein the body portion and the cooling portion are made of a material having a higher thermal conductivity along a first axis and a second axis than along a third axis, the first axis, second axis, and third axis being perpendicular to each other. 20. The lead frame of claim 18, wherein the body portion includes an evaporator and the cooling portion includes a condenser, the evaporator and the condenser being in fluid communication, the evaporator configured to convert liquid located within the evaporator to vapor using the heat received from the first power device and the second power device, and the condenser configured to receive the vapor and convert the vapor to liquid along one or more surfaces of the condenser, the liquid being returned to the evaporator. | 1,700 |
349,940 | 350,814 | 16,854,739 | 1,763 | An ad in a movie can be a static ad having a position in the movie that cannot be moved, or a dynamic ad having a position in the movie that can be changed. When a viewer wishes to skip a portion of the movie containing the ad, the playback system determines whether the ad is static or dynamic. If the ad is static, only the portion of the movie preceding the static ad can be skipped; the ad is unskippable. This technique is referred to as “bounceback” since the end of the skip bounces back to the start of the static ad. If the ad is dynamic, it is moved to after the end of the skip. This technique is referred to as “slip-ad” since the ad slips to later in the movie. When a movie has multiple ads, some can be static and some can be dynamic. | 1. A method for guaranteed play of content, the method comprising:
receiving, by a video player executing on a processor, an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion; moving, by the video player in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video; sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server; receiving the content from the content server; and inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content comprises a hyperlink. 8. A video system for guaranteed play of content, the video system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium; and stored instructions translatable by the processor for:
receiving an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion;
moving, in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video;
sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server;
receiving the content from the content server; and
inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 9. The video system of claim 8, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 10. The video system of claim 8, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 11. The video system of claim 8, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 12. The video system of claim 8, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 13. The video system of claim 12, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. 14. The video system of claim 8, wherein the content comprises a hyperlink. 15. A computer program product for guaranteed play of content, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions translatable by a processor for:
receiving an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion; moving, in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video; sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server; receiving the content from the content server; and inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. | An ad in a movie can be a static ad having a position in the movie that cannot be moved, or a dynamic ad having a position in the movie that can be changed. When a viewer wishes to skip a portion of the movie containing the ad, the playback system determines whether the ad is static or dynamic. If the ad is static, only the portion of the movie preceding the static ad can be skipped; the ad is unskippable. This technique is referred to as “bounceback” since the end of the skip bounces back to the start of the static ad. If the ad is dynamic, it is moved to after the end of the skip. This technique is referred to as “slip-ad” since the ad slips to later in the movie. When a movie has multiple ads, some can be static and some can be dynamic.1. A method for guaranteed play of content, the method comprising:
receiving, by a video player executing on a processor, an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion; moving, by the video player in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video; sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server; receiving the content from the content server; and inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the content comprises a hyperlink. 8. A video system for guaranteed play of content, the video system comprising:
a processor; a non-transitory computer-readable medium; and stored instructions translatable by the processor for:
receiving an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion;
moving, in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video;
sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server;
receiving the content from the content server; and
inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 9. The video system of claim 8, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 10. The video system of claim 8, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 11. The video system of claim 8, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 12. The video system of claim 8, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 13. The video system of claim 12, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. 14. The video system of claim 8, wherein the content comprises a hyperlink. 15. A computer program product for guaranteed play of content, the computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing instructions translatable by a processor for:
receiving an instruction to forward a video played on a user device to a watch position in the video, wherein the instruction skips one or more proxies, each of which contains a request for content and occupies a plurality of frames of the video for real time content insertion; moving, in response to the instruction to forward the video played on the user device to the watch position in the video, the one or more proxies at or after the watch position in the video; sending, for each of the one or more proxies, the request for content to a content server; receiving the content from the content server; and inserting the content from the content server, beginning at or after the watch position in the video, as indicated by the one or more proxies and in real time as part of the video played on the user device, to thereby guarantee play of the content on the user device. 16. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the watch position has a frame number or a clock time. 17. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises inserting a piece of the content into a respective plurality of frames of the video at a respective appropriate place within the respective plurality of frames of the video as indicated by a respective proxy of the one or more proxies. 18. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein the request for content comprises a sizing parameter for a piece of the content. 19. The computer program product of claim 15, wherein inserting the content from the content server comprises changing position for a piece of the content from time to time in accordance with at least one of a change in viewed characteristics of the video, a viewer characteristic, or a predetermined content placement preference. 20. The computer program product of claim 19, wherein the viewer characteristic comprises at least one of demographic information of a viewer associated with the user device, an activity of the viewer, or material previously viewed by the viewer. | 1,700 |
349,941 | 350,815 | 16,854,758 | 1,763 | A sampling gate comprising a first frequency input coupled to a first frequency path from a broadband photodiode. The sampling gate also includes a positive bias input coupled to a positive offset portion of a second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. The sampling gate also includes a negative bias input coupled to a negative offset portion of the second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. The sampling gate combines a first frequency signal from the first frequency path and a second frequency signal from the second frequency path to create a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode. | 1. A sampling gate comprising:
a first frequency input coupled to a first frequency path from a broadband photodiode; a positive bias input coupled to a positive offset portion of a second frequency path from the broadband photodiode; and a negative bias input coupled to a negative offset portion of the second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. 2. The sampling gate of claim 1, wherein the sampling gate combines a first frequency signal from the first frequency path and a second frequency signal from the second frequency path to create a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode. 3. The sampling gate of claim 1, further comprising a first diode and a second diode, the first frequency input coupled between the first diode and the second diode. 4. The sampling gate of claim 3, further comprising a first resistor coupled to the positive bias input and the first diode. 5. The sampling gate of claim 4, further comprising a second resistor coupled to the negative bias input and the second diode. 6. The sampling gate of claim 5, further comprising an output coupled to the first resistor and the first diode, the output for outputting a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode. 7. The sampling gate of claim 5, wherein the output outputs the combined broadband frequency signal upon receiving an impulse from an impulse unit, the impulse activating the first diode and the second diode. 8. A method comprising:
receiving, from a broadband photodiode, a high frequency signal at a high frequency input of a sampling gate; receiving, from the broadband photodiode, a positive offset portion of a low frequency signal at a positive bias input of the sampling gate; receiving, from the broadband photodiode, a negative offset portion of the low frequency signal at a negative bias input of the sampling gate; and combining, via a first diode and a second diode, the positive offset portion of the low frequency signal, the negative offset portion of the low frequency signal, and the high frequency signal into a combined broadband frequency signal. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising employing a variable gain amplifier to match a gain of the low frequency signal to a gain of the high frequency signal. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein combining the low frequency signal with the high frequency signal includes employing an impulse unit to activate the first diode and the second diode to output a charge for sampling. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the sampling gate, the broadband photodiode, the first diode, and the second diode are contained in an equivalent time sampling oscilloscope. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising employing an analog to digital converter to convert the combined broadband frequency signal into a digital signal. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising converting, by the broadband photodiode, a high frequency path, and a low frequency path, an optical signal into the high frequency signal and the low frequency signal. | A sampling gate comprising a first frequency input coupled to a first frequency path from a broadband photodiode. The sampling gate also includes a positive bias input coupled to a positive offset portion of a second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. The sampling gate also includes a negative bias input coupled to a negative offset portion of the second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. The sampling gate combines a first frequency signal from the first frequency path and a second frequency signal from the second frequency path to create a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode.1. A sampling gate comprising:
a first frequency input coupled to a first frequency path from a broadband photodiode; a positive bias input coupled to a positive offset portion of a second frequency path from the broadband photodiode; and a negative bias input coupled to a negative offset portion of the second frequency path from the broadband photodiode. 2. The sampling gate of claim 1, wherein the sampling gate combines a first frequency signal from the first frequency path and a second frequency signal from the second frequency path to create a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode. 3. The sampling gate of claim 1, further comprising a first diode and a second diode, the first frequency input coupled between the first diode and the second diode. 4. The sampling gate of claim 3, further comprising a first resistor coupled to the positive bias input and the first diode. 5. The sampling gate of claim 4, further comprising a second resistor coupled to the negative bias input and the second diode. 6. The sampling gate of claim 5, further comprising an output coupled to the first resistor and the first diode, the output for outputting a combined broadband frequency signal from the broadband photodiode. 7. The sampling gate of claim 5, wherein the output outputs the combined broadband frequency signal upon receiving an impulse from an impulse unit, the impulse activating the first diode and the second diode. 8. A method comprising:
receiving, from a broadband photodiode, a high frequency signal at a high frequency input of a sampling gate; receiving, from the broadband photodiode, a positive offset portion of a low frequency signal at a positive bias input of the sampling gate; receiving, from the broadband photodiode, a negative offset portion of the low frequency signal at a negative bias input of the sampling gate; and combining, via a first diode and a second diode, the positive offset portion of the low frequency signal, the negative offset portion of the low frequency signal, and the high frequency signal into a combined broadband frequency signal. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising employing a variable gain amplifier to match a gain of the low frequency signal to a gain of the high frequency signal. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein combining the low frequency signal with the high frequency signal includes employing an impulse unit to activate the first diode and the second diode to output a charge for sampling. 11. The method of claim 8, wherein the sampling gate, the broadband photodiode, the first diode, and the second diode are contained in an equivalent time sampling oscilloscope. 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising employing an analog to digital converter to convert the combined broadband frequency signal into a digital signal. 13. The method of claim 8, further comprising converting, by the broadband photodiode, a high frequency path, and a low frequency path, an optical signal into the high frequency signal and the low frequency signal. | 1,700 |
349,942 | 350,816 | 16,854,696 | 1,763 | Structures for improved electrophoretic precast gel substrates are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrophoretic precast gel substrate includes a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure, and a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure. The front plate and the rear plate can include snap features that are configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding structure. The front and rear plates can be configured to be coupled and/or decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures. | 1. An electrophoretic precast gel substrate comprising:
a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure; and a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein the front plate and the rear plate comprise snap features configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding structure; and wherein the front and rear plates are configured to be manually decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures. 2. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 1, wherein each of the front plate and the rear plates comprises an artificial material. 3. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 2, wherein the artificial material comprises at least one of: PVC, PP, ABS, PS, or PMMA. 4. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 1, wherein the first and second tenon-and-mortise structures are disposed at least partially along a periphery of the corresponding front and rear plates. 5. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 4, wherein the first and second tenon-and-mortise structures comprise at least one of: a positioning protrusion, a positioning groove, a sealing groove, a sealing rib, a latch, or a composite form. 6. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 5, wherein the positioning protrusion and the positioning groove are configured to be coupled and decoupled from each other. 7. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 6, further comprising a buckle configured to snap fit at least partially around the front and rear plates. 8. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 7, wherein the positioning protrusion is configured to be inserted into the position groove. 9. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 8, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the positioning protrusion comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle, and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the positioning groove comprises at least one of a: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 10. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 8, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the positioning protrusion has a width of between about 0.1 mm and 500 mm. 11. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 5, wherein the sealing groove and sealing rib are configured to be manually coupled and decoupled from each other. 12. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 11, further comprising a buckle configured to snap fit at least partially around the front and rear plates. 13. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 12, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the sealing groove comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle, and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the sealing rib comprises at least one of a: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 14. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the sealing protrusion has a width of between about 0.1 mm and 500 mm. 15. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 13, further comprising a latch configured to couple to the front and rear plates. 16. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 14, wherein the latch is configured to be disposed between the front and rear plates, and wherein the latch comprises corresponding third and fourth tenon-and-mortise connective structures. 17. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 15, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the third and fourth tenon-and-mortise connective structures of the latch comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 18. An electrophoretic precast gel substrate comprising:
a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure; a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein each of the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures comprises snap features configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein the front and rear plates are each configured to be manually coupled and decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures; a supplementary structure comprising a third tenon-and-mortise connective structure, the supplementary structure comprising at least one of a latch or a buckle, wherein the supplementary structure is configured to be manually coupled and decoupled to the front plate at least along the third tenon-and-mortise connective structure; wherein a cross-sectional shape of the first tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle; wherein a cross-sectional shape of the second tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle; and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the third tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. | Structures for improved electrophoretic precast gel substrates are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, an electrophoretic precast gel substrate includes a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure, and a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure. The front plate and the rear plate can include snap features that are configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding structure. The front and rear plates can be configured to be coupled and/or decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures.1. An electrophoretic precast gel substrate comprising:
a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure; and a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein the front plate and the rear plate comprise snap features configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding structure; and wherein the front and rear plates are configured to be manually decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures. 2. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 1, wherein each of the front plate and the rear plates comprises an artificial material. 3. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 2, wherein the artificial material comprises at least one of: PVC, PP, ABS, PS, or PMMA. 4. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 1, wherein the first and second tenon-and-mortise structures are disposed at least partially along a periphery of the corresponding front and rear plates. 5. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 4, wherein the first and second tenon-and-mortise structures comprise at least one of: a positioning protrusion, a positioning groove, a sealing groove, a sealing rib, a latch, or a composite form. 6. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 5, wherein the positioning protrusion and the positioning groove are configured to be coupled and decoupled from each other. 7. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 6, further comprising a buckle configured to snap fit at least partially around the front and rear plates. 8. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 7, wherein the positioning protrusion is configured to be inserted into the position groove. 9. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 8, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the positioning protrusion comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle, and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the positioning groove comprises at least one of a: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 10. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 8, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the positioning protrusion has a width of between about 0.1 mm and 500 mm. 11. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 5, wherein the sealing groove and sealing rib are configured to be manually coupled and decoupled from each other. 12. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 11, further comprising a buckle configured to snap fit at least partially around the front and rear plates. 13. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 12, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the sealing groove comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle, and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the sealing rib comprises at least one of a: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 14. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 13, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the sealing protrusion has a width of between about 0.1 mm and 500 mm. 15. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 13, further comprising a latch configured to couple to the front and rear plates. 16. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 14, wherein the latch is configured to be disposed between the front and rear plates, and wherein the latch comprises corresponding third and fourth tenon-and-mortise connective structures. 17. The electrophoretic precast gel substrate of claim 15, wherein a cross-sectional shape of the third and fourth tenon-and-mortise connective structures of the latch comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. 18. An electrophoretic precast gel substrate comprising:
a front plate comprising a first tenon-and-mortise connective structure; a rear plate comprising a second tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein each of the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures comprises snap features configured to provide a snap fit with a corresponding tenon-and-mortise connective structure, wherein the front and rear plates are each configured to be manually coupled and decoupled along the first and second tenon-and-mortise connective structures; a supplementary structure comprising a third tenon-and-mortise connective structure, the supplementary structure comprising at least one of a latch or a buckle, wherein the supplementary structure is configured to be manually coupled and decoupled to the front plate at least along the third tenon-and-mortise connective structure; wherein a cross-sectional shape of the first tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle; wherein a cross-sectional shape of the second tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle; and wherein a cross-sectional shape of the third tenon-and-mortise connective structure comprises at least one of: a wedge, a rectangle, a trapezoid, or a circle. | 1,700 |
349,943 | 350,817 | 16,854,768 | 1,763 | A method for generating positive and negative training samples is presented. The method includes identifying false positive images of an object based on multiple images of an environment. The method also includes generating positive training samples from a set of images of the object. The method further includes generating a negative training sample from the false positive image. The method still further includes training an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. | 1. A method for generating positive and negative training samples, comprising:
identifying false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment; generating positive training samples from a set of images of the object; generating a negative training sample from the false positive image; and training an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising estimating a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising estimating a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising calculating a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 6. The method of claim 1, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, in which the environment is a static environment. 8. An apparatus for generating positive and negative training samples, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor configured:
to identify false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment;
to generate positive training samples from a set of images of the object;
to generate a negative training sample from the false positive image; and
to train an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the at least one processor is further configured to perform a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, in which the at least one processor is further configured to estimate a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, in which the at least one processor is further configured to estimate a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, in which the at least one processor is further configured to calculate a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the environment is a static environment. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon for generating positive and negative training samples, the program code executed by a processor and comprising:
program code to identify false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment; program code to generate positive training samples from a set of images of the object; program code to generate a negative training sample from the false positive image; and program code to train an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, further comprising program code to perform a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprising program code to estimate a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code to estimate a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising program code to calculate a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. | A method for generating positive and negative training samples is presented. The method includes identifying false positive images of an object based on multiple images of an environment. The method also includes generating positive training samples from a set of images of the object. The method further includes generating a negative training sample from the false positive image. The method still further includes training an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample.1. A method for generating positive and negative training samples, comprising:
identifying false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment; generating positive training samples from a set of images of the object; generating a negative training sample from the false positive image; and training an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising performing a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising estimating a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising estimating a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising calculating a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 6. The method of claim 1, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, in which the environment is a static environment. 8. An apparatus for generating positive and negative training samples, the apparatus comprising:
a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory, the at least one processor configured:
to identify false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment;
to generate positive training samples from a set of images of the object;
to generate a negative training sample from the false positive image; and
to train an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the at least one processor is further configured to perform a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, in which the at least one processor is further configured to estimate a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 11. The apparatus of claim 10, in which the at least one processor is further configured to estimate a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 12. The apparatus of claim 11, in which the at least one processor is further configured to calculate a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 13. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. 14. The apparatus of claim 8, in which the environment is a static environment. 15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having program code recorded thereon for generating positive and negative training samples, the program code executed by a processor and comprising:
program code to identify false positive images of an object based on a plurality of images of an environment; program code to generate positive training samples from a set of images of the object; program code to generate a negative training sample from the false positive image; and program code to train an object detection system based on the positive training samples and the negative training sample. 16. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, further comprising program code to perform a density clustering analysis based on the plurality of images of the environment. 17. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 16, further comprising program code to estimate a number of instances of a plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 18. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, further comprising program code to estimate a true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects in the environment based on the density clustering analysis. 19. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 18, further comprising program code to calculate a three-dimensional mean of clusters to estimate the true spatial location of each of the plurality of objects. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 15, in which the set of images vary in at least one of distance, angle, or a combination thereof. | 1,700 |
349,944 | 350,818 | 16,854,760 | 1,763 | A method for displaying information includes receiving measurements, with respect to an invasive probe inside a body of a subject, of probe parameters consisting of a force exerted by the probe on tissue of the subject and temperatures measured by sensors of the probe; and responsively to the measurements, displaying in a single map on a display screen a graphical representation of a distribution of the temperatures in a vicinity of the probe and superimposing thereon a vector representation of the force, wherein the single map includes a color map based on an auto-adjust color scale. In some embodiments, the auto-adjust color scale includes a selected color that represents a maximum temperature equal to a maximum measured temperature increased by a predetermined number of degrees. In some embodiments, the auto-adjust color scale includes a selected color that represents a minimum temperature equal to a measured tissue temperature before ablation. | 1. Apparatus for displaying information, comprising:
a probe comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end of the probe configured to be inserted into a body of a subject and comprising:
a force sensor arranged at the distal end of the probe, the force sensor configured to sense a force signal indicative of a force exerted by the distal end of the probe on tissue of the subject, the force signal comprising a first indication of a magnitude of the force and a second indication of a force-direction of the force; and
temperature sensors arranged at the distal end of the probe, the temperature sensors configured to sense temperature signals of temperatures in a vicinity of the distal end of the probe;
a display screen; and a processor configured to receive the force signal and the temperature signals, to display on the display screen in a single map a graphical representation showing a distribution of the temperatures with a vector representation of the force superimposed on the distribution of the temperatures; wherein the vector representation comprises the first indication of a magnitude of the force and the second indication of a force-direction of the force. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises an arrow, and wherein the first indication comprises a width of the arrow, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a length of the arrow and a direction of the arrow. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises an arrow and a text box associated therewith, and wherein the first indication comprises text within the text box, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a length of the arrow and a direction of the arrow. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises a first circle having a first center, and wherein the graphical representation of the distribution comprises a second circle having a second center, and wherein the first indication comprises a diameter of the first circle, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a distance between the first and second centers and a direction therebetween. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a center of the graphical representation, and to display the center in the single map. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphical representation includes visual indicia representing the temperature sensors. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distribution of the temperatures includes a color map. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to interpolate temperature measurements to fill in the color map. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to extrapolate temperature measurements to fill in the color map. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to auto-adjust colors of the color map according to changes in temperature measurements. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to set a minimum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale as an initial tissue temperature prior to ablation. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to set a maximum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale as a temperature greater than a maximum measured temperature by a predetermined amount. 13. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to continuously set a maximum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale according to an oingoing maximum measured temperature. 14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to determine a center of the distribution of temperatures that corresponds to a weighted gravity of regions of the distribution, wherein weights are according to temperatures of each region. | A method for displaying information includes receiving measurements, with respect to an invasive probe inside a body of a subject, of probe parameters consisting of a force exerted by the probe on tissue of the subject and temperatures measured by sensors of the probe; and responsively to the measurements, displaying in a single map on a display screen a graphical representation of a distribution of the temperatures in a vicinity of the probe and superimposing thereon a vector representation of the force, wherein the single map includes a color map based on an auto-adjust color scale. In some embodiments, the auto-adjust color scale includes a selected color that represents a maximum temperature equal to a maximum measured temperature increased by a predetermined number of degrees. In some embodiments, the auto-adjust color scale includes a selected color that represents a minimum temperature equal to a measured tissue temperature before ablation.1. Apparatus for displaying information, comprising:
a probe comprising a proximal end and a distal end, the distal end of the probe configured to be inserted into a body of a subject and comprising:
a force sensor arranged at the distal end of the probe, the force sensor configured to sense a force signal indicative of a force exerted by the distal end of the probe on tissue of the subject, the force signal comprising a first indication of a magnitude of the force and a second indication of a force-direction of the force; and
temperature sensors arranged at the distal end of the probe, the temperature sensors configured to sense temperature signals of temperatures in a vicinity of the distal end of the probe;
a display screen; and a processor configured to receive the force signal and the temperature signals, to display on the display screen in a single map a graphical representation showing a distribution of the temperatures with a vector representation of the force superimposed on the distribution of the temperatures; wherein the vector representation comprises the first indication of a magnitude of the force and the second indication of a force-direction of the force. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises an arrow, and wherein the first indication comprises a width of the arrow, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a length of the arrow and a direction of the arrow. 3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises an arrow and a text box associated therewith, and wherein the first indication comprises text within the text box, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a length of the arrow and a direction of the arrow. 4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the vector representation comprises a first circle having a first center, and wherein the graphical representation of the distribution comprises a second circle having a second center, and wherein the first indication comprises a diameter of the first circle, and wherein the second indication comprises a combination of a distance between the first and second centers and a direction therebetween. 5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to calculate a center of the graphical representation, and to display the center in the single map. 6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the graphical representation includes visual indicia representing the temperature sensors. 7. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the distribution of the temperatures includes a color map. 8. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to interpolate temperature measurements to fill in the color map. 9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to extrapolate temperature measurements to fill in the color map. 10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to auto-adjust colors of the color map according to changes in temperature measurements. 11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to set a minimum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale as an initial tissue temperature prior to ablation. 12. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to set a maximum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale as a temperature greater than a maximum measured temperature by a predetermined amount. 13. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to continuously set a maximum temperature of an auto-adjust color scale according to an oingoing maximum measured temperature. 14. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the processor is configured to determine a center of the distribution of temperatures that corresponds to a weighted gravity of regions of the distribution, wherein weights are according to temperatures of each region. | 1,700 |
349,945 | 350,819 | 16,854,779 | 1,763 | Provided is a method, device, and computer-readable medium for controlling a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”) on a mobile device. The method can include determining a distance, a position, or both of the mobile device with respect to a first robot; and causing, by a processor, a first RGUI to be displayed on a display of the mobile device based on the determining. | 1.-18. (canceled) 19. A method of providing a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”) on a mobile device, the method comprising:
determining a current location of the mobile device based on a predefined location waypoint, wherein the predefined location waypoint is associated with a location on a user or a location on a first robot;
determining a first RGUI based on the current location; and
causing, by a hardware processor, the first RGUI that is determined to be displayed on a display of the mobile device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wireless protocols. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more wireless protocols comprise WiFi, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), cellular, ANT+, IrDA, ZigBee, Z-Wave, or near-field communication (NFC). 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wired connections. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the predefined location waypoint comprises one or more locations on the user, one or more locations on the first robot, or both. 24. The method of claim 19, prior to the determining the current location, the method further comprises assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the user. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the user, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 26. The method of claim 19, prior to the determining the current location, the method further comprises assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the first robot. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the first robot, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a first docking port on the first robot and the second waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a second docking port on the first robot. 29. A device of providing a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”), the device comprising:
a memory containing instructions; and
at least one hardware processor, operably connected to the memory, that executes the instructions to perform a method comprising:
determining a current location of the mobile device based on a predefined location waypoint, wherein the predefined location waypoint is associated with a location on a user or a location on a first robot;
determining a first RGUI based on the current location; and
causing the first RGUI that is determined to be displayed on a display of the mobile device. 30. The device of claim 29, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wireless protocols. 31. The device of claim 30, wherein the one or more wireless protocols comprise WiFi, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), cellular, ANT+, IrDA, ZibBee, Z-Wave, or near-field communication (NFC). 32. The device of claim 29, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wired connections. 33. The device of claim 29, wherein the predefined location waypoint comprises one or more locations on the user, one or more locations on the first robot, or both. 34. The device of claim 29, prior to the determining the current location, the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the user. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the user, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 36. The device of claim 29, prior to the determining the current location, the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the first robot. 37. The device of claim 36, wherein the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the first robot, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 38. The device of claim 29, wherein the first waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a first docking port on the first robot and the second waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a second docking port on the first robot. | Provided is a method, device, and computer-readable medium for controlling a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”) on a mobile device. The method can include determining a distance, a position, or both of the mobile device with respect to a first robot; and causing, by a processor, a first RGUI to be displayed on a display of the mobile device based on the determining.1.-18. (canceled) 19. A method of providing a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”) on a mobile device, the method comprising:
determining a current location of the mobile device based on a predefined location waypoint, wherein the predefined location waypoint is associated with a location on a user or a location on a first robot;
determining a first RGUI based on the current location; and
causing, by a hardware processor, the first RGUI that is determined to be displayed on a display of the mobile device. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wireless protocols. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the one or more wireless protocols comprise WiFi, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), cellular, ANT+, IrDA, ZigBee, Z-Wave, or near-field communication (NFC). 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wired connections. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the predefined location waypoint comprises one or more locations on the user, one or more locations on the first robot, or both. 24. The method of claim 19, prior to the determining the current location, the method further comprises assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the user. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the user, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 26. The method of claim 19, prior to the determining the current location, the method further comprises assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the first robot. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the first robot, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the first waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a first docking port on the first robot and the second waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a second docking port on the first robot. 29. A device of providing a robot graphic user interface (“RGUI”), the device comprising:
a memory containing instructions; and
at least one hardware processor, operably connected to the memory, that executes the instructions to perform a method comprising:
determining a current location of the mobile device based on a predefined location waypoint, wherein the predefined location waypoint is associated with a location on a user or a location on a first robot;
determining a first RGUI based on the current location; and
causing the first RGUI that is determined to be displayed on a display of the mobile device. 30. The device of claim 29, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wireless protocols. 31. The device of claim 30, wherein the one or more wireless protocols comprise WiFi, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID), cellular, ANT+, IrDA, ZibBee, Z-Wave, or near-field communication (NFC). 32. The device of claim 29, wherein the current location is determined based on one or more wired connections. 33. The device of claim 29, wherein the predefined location waypoint comprises one or more locations on the user, one or more locations on the first robot, or both. 34. The device of claim 29, prior to the determining the current location, the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the user. 35. The device of claim 34, wherein the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the user, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 36. The device of claim 29, prior to the determining the current location, the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a first assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a first waypoint on the first robot. 37. The device of claim 36, wherein the at least one hardware processor further executes instructions comprising assigning a second assigned RGUI for the mobile device based on a second waypoint on the first robot, wherein the second assigned RGUI is different than the first assigned RGUI and the second waypoint is different than the first waypoint. 38. The device of claim 29, wherein the first waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a first docking port on the first robot and the second waypoint on the first robot is assigned to a second docking port on the first robot. | 1,700 |
349,946 | 350,820 | 16,854,759 | 1,763 | A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements configured to store a plurality of weights and to be controlled according to a plurality of input signals respectively and a bit line coupled to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements; and a computation output circuit configured to generate a computation signal corresponding to an inner product between an input vector corresponding to the plurality of input signals and a weight vector corresponding to the plurality of weights. | 1. A nonvolatile memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including:
a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements configured to store a plurality of weights to be controlled according to a plurality of input signals respectively, and
a bit line coupled to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements; and
a computation output circuit configured to generate a computation signal corresponding to an inner product between an input vector corresponding to the plurality of input signals and a weight vector corresponding to the plurality of weights. 2. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cell array comprises a cell string including the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements connected in series. 3. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements stores a corresponding weight among the plurality of weights and includes a gate controlled according to a corresponding input signal among the plurality of input signals and a drain coupled to a source of a neighboring nonvolatile memory element. 4. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 2, wherein the memory cell array further includes a bit line selection switch coupling the cell string with the bit line according to a bit line selection signal and a source line selection switch coupling the cell string with a source line according to a source line selection signal. 5. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the computation output circuit includes a first current source configured to provide a constant current to the bit line, and wherein a signal at the bit line is a voltage signal induced by the constant current. 6. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 5, wherein the computation output circuit further includes a second current source configured to generate a computation current according to a voltage of the bit line. 7. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a capacitor charged by the computation current. 8. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 7, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a sampling switch configured to provide a voltage of the bit line to the second current source according to a sampling clock. 9. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 8, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a reset switch to discharge the capacitor according to a reset signal. 10. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the second current source comprises:
an operational amplifier configured to amplify difference between voltage of the bit line and a feedback voltage; a transistor including a gate receiving an output voltage of the operational amplifier, a source and a drain; and a resistor coupled between a power source voltage and one of the source or the drain of the transistor, wherein the computation current is provided from one of the source and the drain of the transistor, and wherein the feedback voltage is provided from the other of the source and the drain of the transistor. 11. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, further comprising an input circuit configured to produce a plurality of pulse input signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of input signals,
wherein the plurality of pulse input signals are provided to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements, and wherein each of the plurality of pulse input signals is a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to a value of a respective input signal. 12. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a calibration circuit configured to generate a calibration signal according to the plurality of input signals and the plurality of weights. 13. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 12, wherein the memory cell array further comprising a nonvolatile calibration memory element having a predetermined weight and controlled according to the calibration signal, and
wherein the voltage of the bit line is adjusted according to the calibration signals and the predetermined weight. 14. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 13, further comprising an input circuit configured to:
convert the plurality of input signals and the calibration signal into a plurality of pulse input signals and a pulse calibration signal, and provide the plurality of pulse input signals and the pulse calibration signal to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements and the nonvolatile calibration memory element, wherein each of the plurality of pulse input signals has a pulse width corresponding to a value of a corresponding input signal and the pulse calibration signal has a pulse width corresponding to a value of the calibration signal. 15. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device is a NAND flash memory device. | A nonvolatile memory device includes a memory cell array including a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements configured to store a plurality of weights and to be controlled according to a plurality of input signals respectively and a bit line coupled to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements; and a computation output circuit configured to generate a computation signal corresponding to an inner product between an input vector corresponding to the plurality of input signals and a weight vector corresponding to the plurality of weights.1. A nonvolatile memory device comprising:
a memory cell array including:
a plurality of nonvolatile memory elements configured to store a plurality of weights to be controlled according to a plurality of input signals respectively, and
a bit line coupled to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements; and
a computation output circuit configured to generate a computation signal corresponding to an inner product between an input vector corresponding to the plurality of input signals and a weight vector corresponding to the plurality of weights. 2. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the memory cell array comprises a cell string including the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements connected in series. 3. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 2, wherein each of the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements stores a corresponding weight among the plurality of weights and includes a gate controlled according to a corresponding input signal among the plurality of input signals and a drain coupled to a source of a neighboring nonvolatile memory element. 4. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 2, wherein the memory cell array further includes a bit line selection switch coupling the cell string with the bit line according to a bit line selection signal and a source line selection switch coupling the cell string with a source line according to a source line selection signal. 5. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the computation output circuit includes a first current source configured to provide a constant current to the bit line, and wherein a signal at the bit line is a voltage signal induced by the constant current. 6. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 5, wherein the computation output circuit further includes a second current source configured to generate a computation current according to a voltage of the bit line. 7. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a capacitor charged by the computation current. 8. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 7, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a sampling switch configured to provide a voltage of the bit line to the second current source according to a sampling clock. 9. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 8, wherein the computation output circuit further comprises a reset switch to discharge the capacitor according to a reset signal. 10. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 6, wherein the second current source comprises:
an operational amplifier configured to amplify difference between voltage of the bit line and a feedback voltage; a transistor including a gate receiving an output voltage of the operational amplifier, a source and a drain; and a resistor coupled between a power source voltage and one of the source or the drain of the transistor, wherein the computation current is provided from one of the source and the drain of the transistor, and wherein the feedback voltage is provided from the other of the source and the drain of the transistor. 11. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, further comprising an input circuit configured to produce a plurality of pulse input signals respectively corresponding to the plurality of input signals,
wherein the plurality of pulse input signals are provided to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements, and wherein each of the plurality of pulse input signals is a pulse signal having a pulse width corresponding to a value of a respective input signal. 12. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
a calibration circuit configured to generate a calibration signal according to the plurality of input signals and the plurality of weights. 13. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 12, wherein the memory cell array further comprising a nonvolatile calibration memory element having a predetermined weight and controlled according to the calibration signal, and
wherein the voltage of the bit line is adjusted according to the calibration signals and the predetermined weight. 14. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 13, further comprising an input circuit configured to:
convert the plurality of input signals and the calibration signal into a plurality of pulse input signals and a pulse calibration signal, and provide the plurality of pulse input signals and the pulse calibration signal to the plurality of nonvolatile memory elements and the nonvolatile calibration memory element, wherein each of the plurality of pulse input signals has a pulse width corresponding to a value of a corresponding input signal and the pulse calibration signal has a pulse width corresponding to a value of the calibration signal. 15. The nonvolatile memory device of claim 1, wherein the nonvolatile memory device is a NAND flash memory device. | 1,700 |
349,947 | 350,821 | 16,854,757 | 1,763 | In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related disease and, in particular, a method of blood lipid therapy comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof. | 1.-10. (canceled) 11. A method of reducing LDL-P in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
determining a baseline LDL-P level associated with the subject; and administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate per day. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising, measuring a baseline lipid profile in the subject prior to administering the pharmaceutical composition to the subject. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein after administration of the pharmaceutical composition, the subject experiences a reduction in LDL-P of at least about 5% compared to baseline. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction in LDL-P of at least about 5% compared to baseline is actual % change or median % change. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the subject is administered 2 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate per day. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject 1 to 4 times per day. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate comprises at least about 90%, by weight, of all fatty acids in the pharmaceutical composition. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives comprise no more than about 10%, by weight, of all fatty acids in the pharmaceutical composition. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is present in a capsule. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the subject is not on concomitant lipid-altering therapy. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is diabetic. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is packaged in blister packages of about 1 to less than about 20 capsules per sheet. | In various embodiments, the present invention provides methods of treating and/or preventing cardiovascular-related disease and, in particular, a method of blood lipid therapy comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising eicosapentaenoic acid or a derivative thereof.1.-10. (canceled) 11. A method of reducing LDL-P in a subject in need thereof, comprising:
determining a baseline LDL-P level associated with the subject; and administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising about 1 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate per day. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising, measuring a baseline lipid profile in the subject prior to administering the pharmaceutical composition to the subject. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein after administration of the pharmaceutical composition, the subject experiences a reduction in LDL-P of at least about 5% compared to baseline. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the reduction in LDL-P of at least about 5% compared to baseline is actual % change or median % change. 15. The method of claim 11, wherein the subject is administered 2 g to about 4 g of ethyl eicosapentaenoate per day. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the subject 1 to 4 times per day. 17. The method of claim 11, wherein the ethyl eicosapentaenoate comprises at least about 90%, by weight, of all fatty acids in the pharmaceutical composition. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein docosahexaenoic acid and its derivatives comprise no more than about 10%, by weight, of all fatty acids in the pharmaceutical composition. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is present in a capsule. 20. The method of claim 16, wherein the subject is not on concomitant lipid-altering therapy. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the subject is diabetic. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutical composition is packaged in blister packages of about 1 to less than about 20 capsules per sheet. | 1,700 |
349,948 | 350,822 | 16,854,789 | 1,763 | An ultrasound probe assembly includes an ultrasound probe, an ultrasound cap, a solid hydrogel component, and a cover. The ultrasound probe can include a probe head and an orientation indicator. The probe head includes an acoustic surface. The ultrasound cap can include an opening defined by an opening perimeter, and a base configured to support a removable needle guide. The base can be aligned with the orientation indicator. The solid hydrogel component can include a probe-contacting side contacting the acoustic surface, a skin-contacting side extending through the opening, and an outer perimeter larger than the opening perimeter. The cover can be configured to cover the hydrogel component and at least a portion of the ultrasound cap. | 1. An ultrasound probe assembly, comprising:
an ultrasound probe including a probe head and an orientation indicator, the probe head including an acoustic surface; an ultrasound cap, comprising:
an opening defined by an opening perimeter; and
a base configured to support a removable needle guide, the base aligned with the orientation indicator;
a solid hydrogel component, comprising:
a probe-contacting side contacting the acoustic surface;
a skin-contacting side extending through the opening; and
an outer perimeter larger than the opening perimeter; and
a cover configured to cover the hydrogel component and at least a portion of the ultrasound cap. 2. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound cap and the hydrogel component are removable from the ultrasound probe after use. 3. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the skin-contacting side of the hydrogel component has a concavity between two end portions. 4. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 3, wherein the skin-contacting side of the hydrogel component is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis of the ultrasound probe. 5. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe assembly is pre-assembled with the ultrasound cap, the hydrogel component, and the cover attached to the ultrasound probe. 6. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound cap includes an engagement feature to releasably engage the probe head. 7. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the base on the ultrasound cap is a bracket configured to permit the removable needle guide to slide laterally with respect to the ultrasound probe. | An ultrasound probe assembly includes an ultrasound probe, an ultrasound cap, a solid hydrogel component, and a cover. The ultrasound probe can include a probe head and an orientation indicator. The probe head includes an acoustic surface. The ultrasound cap can include an opening defined by an opening perimeter, and a base configured to support a removable needle guide. The base can be aligned with the orientation indicator. The solid hydrogel component can include a probe-contacting side contacting the acoustic surface, a skin-contacting side extending through the opening, and an outer perimeter larger than the opening perimeter. The cover can be configured to cover the hydrogel component and at least a portion of the ultrasound cap.1. An ultrasound probe assembly, comprising:
an ultrasound probe including a probe head and an orientation indicator, the probe head including an acoustic surface; an ultrasound cap, comprising:
an opening defined by an opening perimeter; and
a base configured to support a removable needle guide, the base aligned with the orientation indicator;
a solid hydrogel component, comprising:
a probe-contacting side contacting the acoustic surface;
a skin-contacting side extending through the opening; and
an outer perimeter larger than the opening perimeter; and
a cover configured to cover the hydrogel component and at least a portion of the ultrasound cap. 2. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound cap and the hydrogel component are removable from the ultrasound probe after use. 3. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the skin-contacting side of the hydrogel component has a concavity between two end portions. 4. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 3, wherein the skin-contacting side of the hydrogel component is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis of the ultrasound probe. 5. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound probe assembly is pre-assembled with the ultrasound cap, the hydrogel component, and the cover attached to the ultrasound probe. 6. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasound cap includes an engagement feature to releasably engage the probe head. 7. The ultrasound probe assembly according to claim 1, wherein the base on the ultrasound cap is a bracket configured to permit the removable needle guide to slide laterally with respect to the ultrasound probe. | 1,700 |
349,949 | 350,823 | 16,854,756 | 1,763 | An imaging apparatus is provided to facilitate epifluorescent imaging of three (or more) color channels and to perform phase contrast and/or bright field imaging of samples without manual adjustment of the imaging apparatus. This allows for automated imaging, over extended periods of time, of a plurality of samples by a device located inside an incubator without disturbing the incubator environment to manually adjust the apparatus. Also provided are embodiments to facilitate user swapping of removable optical modules and/or transillumination modules to allow the imaging apparatus to be adapted to different combinations of assays and/or fluorescent indicators so as to increase the variety of experiments and/or fluorescent dyes that can be imaged using the imaging apparatus. | 1. An optical module for imaging fluorophores in a live-cell biological sample, comprising:
a first light source configured to emit a first light in a first band of excitation wavelengths; a first filter arranged in a first optical path of the first light source, the first filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths; a second light source configured to emit a second light in a second band of excitation wavelengths; a second filter arranged in a second optical path of the second light source, the second filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths; a third light source configured to emit a third light in a third band of excitation wavelengths; a third filter arranged in a third optical path of the third light source, the third filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths, wherein the first optical path, the second optical path, and the third optical path converge along a primary transmission optical path configured to be directed toward the live-cell biological sample; and an emission filter arranged in a primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample, wherein the primary emission optical path is configured to terminate at an imaging sensor, where the emission filter is configured to pass light in a first band, a second band and a third band of emission wavelengths and is configured to reflect light in the first band, the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths. 2. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter, the second filter and the third filter are each a dichroic filter. 3. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first light source, the second light source and the third light source each include an LED, at least one lens and a single bandpass dichroic filter. 4. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band, and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band of excitation wavelengths. 5. The optical module of claim 4, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, passes through the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, reflects off the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, passes through the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the first filter, passes through the second filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 6. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band and the second band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the second band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the first band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the third band of excitation wavelengths. 7. The optical module of claim 6, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, reflects off the second filter, passes through the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, passes through the second filter and then through the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, reflects off the third filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the first filter, passes through the third filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 8. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 453 nm to 485 nm, wherein the second band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 546 nm to 568 nm, and wherein the third band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 648 nm to 674 nm. 9. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first band of emission wavelengths ranges from 494 nm to 533 nm, the second band of emission wavelengths ranges from 576 nm to 639 nm, and the third band of emission wavelengths ranges from 686 nm to 756 nm. 10. The optical module of claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth light source configured to emit a fourth light in a fourth band of excitation wavelengths; and a fourth filter arranged in a fourth optical path of the fourth light source, the fourth filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths, wherein the emission filter is further configured to pass light in a fourth band of emission wavelengths and reflect light in the fourth band of excitation wavelengths. 11. The optical module of claim 10, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the fourth band of excitation wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band, and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths, wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the fourth filter is configured to pass light in the first band and the fourth band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band, the third band and the fourth band of emission wavelengths. 12. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, passes through the first filter and then through the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, reflects off the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the fourth filter, reflects off the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, passes through the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the fourth filter, reflects off the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the fourth light source is arranged such that the fourth optical path starts at the fourth light source, reflects off the first filter, passes through the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the fourth filter, passes through the second filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 13. The optical module of claim 10, wherein the fourth band of emission wavelengths is less than 453 nm and the fourth band of excitation wavelengths is less than the fourth band of emission wavelengths. 14. A system for assaying live-cell biological samples, the system comprising:
the optical module of claim 1; a fluorescence microscope removably coupled to the optical module, wherein the fluorescence microscope has at least one objective; the imaging sensor arranged in the emission path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample from the objective; and a phase lamp removably coupled to the fluorescence microscope and arranged at a terminating end of the primary transmission optical path. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a shaft extending through the optical module, wherein the fluorescence microscope has a receptacle configured to receive the shaft in a first orientation, wherein the shaft is configured to rotate under the application of a force to a second orientation thereby locking the optical module to the fluorescence microscope. 16. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a first electrical connector coupled to the optical module; a second electrical connector coupled to the fluorescence microscope, wherein the second electrical connector is reciprocal with the first electrical connector; and a processor in electrical communication with at least one of the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector, the processor configured to identify the optical module coupled to the fluorescence microscope. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
the phase lamp having a third electrical connector; and a fourth electrical connector coupled to the fluorescence microscope, wherein the third electrical connector is reciprocal with the fourth electrical connector, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the optical module and the phase lamp are compatible and to cause an alert to be displayed in response to that determination. 18. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
an incubator configured to maintain the live-cell biological samples at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 42° C. and at a relative humidity ranging from 80% to 100%, wherein the optical module of claim 1 is coupled to a chamber of the incubator. 19. A method for imaging fluorophores in live-cell biological samples, comprising:
aligning a first biological sample and a fluorescence microscope such that the first biological sample is located within a field of view of the fluorescence microscope, wherein the first biological sample contains (i) a first fluorophore that emits light in a first band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in first band of excitation wavelengths, (ii) a second fluorophore that emits light in a second band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in second band of excitation wavelengths, and (iii) a third fluorophore that emits light in a third band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in third band of excitation wavelengths; obtaining a set of images of the first biological sample using the fluorescent microscope, wherein the images of the set of images differ with respect to focus setting; determining, based on the set of images, first, second, and third in-focus settings for the first, second, and third bands of emission wavelengths, respectively; during a first period of time, using a first light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the first in-focus setting to obtain, via an image sensor of the fluorescence microscope, a first image of light in the first band of emission wavelengths; during a second period of time, using a second light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the second band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the second in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a second image of light in the second band of emission wavelengths; and during a third period of time, using a third light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the third in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a third image of light in the third band of emission wavelengths. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
generating, via a processor in electrical communication with the imaging sensor, a first corrected image of light emitted by the first fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the second fluorophore and the third fluorophore; generating, via the processor, a second corrected image of light emitted by the second fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the first fluorophore and the third fluorophore; and generating, via the processor, a third corrected image of light emitted by the third fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the first fluorophore and the second fluorophore. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
maintaining, via an incubator coupled to the fluorescence microscope, at least the first biological sample at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 42° C. and at a relative humidity ranging from 80% to 100%, when obtaining the first, second, and third images. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising generating a first corrected image based on a phase or bright-field image obtained when the first biological sample is at the first in-focus setting and the first image. 23. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving, via a processor, compatibility information for an optical module and a phase lamp module of the fluorescence microscope; determining, via the processor, whether the optical module and the phase lamp are compatible based on the compatibility information; and in response to a determination that the optical module and the phase lamp are incompatible, causing, via the processor, an alert to be displayed with an indication of incompatibility. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
extending a shaft in a first orientation through an optical module of the fluorescence microscope to a receptacle in the fluorescence microscope; and rotating the shaft under the application of a force such that shaft moves to a second orientation thereby coupling the optical module to the fluorescence microscope. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instructions that upon execution by a processor in electro-mechanical communication with the system of claim 1, cause performance of a set of acts comprising:
aligning a first biological sample and a fluorescence microscope such that the first biological sample is located within a field of view of the fluorescence microscope, wherein the first biological sample contains (i) a first fluorophore that emits light in a first band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in first band of excitation wavelengths, (ii) a second fluorophore that emits light in a second band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in second band of excitation wavelengths, and (iii) a third fluorophore that emits light in a third band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in third band of excitation wavelengths; the imaging sensor obtaining a first set of images of the first biological sample using the fluorescent microscope, wherein the images of the set of images differ with respect to focus setting; determining, based on the set of images, first, second, and third in-focus settings for the first, second, and third bands of emission wavelengths, respectively; during a first period of time, using a first light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the first in-focus setting to obtain, via an image sensor of the fluorescence microscope, a first image of light in the first band of emission wavelengths; during a second period of time, using a second light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the second band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the second in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a second image of light in the second band of emission wavelengths; and during a third period of time, using a third light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the third in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a third image of light in the third band of emission wavelengths. | An imaging apparatus is provided to facilitate epifluorescent imaging of three (or more) color channels and to perform phase contrast and/or bright field imaging of samples without manual adjustment of the imaging apparatus. This allows for automated imaging, over extended periods of time, of a plurality of samples by a device located inside an incubator without disturbing the incubator environment to manually adjust the apparatus. Also provided are embodiments to facilitate user swapping of removable optical modules and/or transillumination modules to allow the imaging apparatus to be adapted to different combinations of assays and/or fluorescent indicators so as to increase the variety of experiments and/or fluorescent dyes that can be imaged using the imaging apparatus.1. An optical module for imaging fluorophores in a live-cell biological sample, comprising:
a first light source configured to emit a first light in a first band of excitation wavelengths; a first filter arranged in a first optical path of the first light source, the first filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths; a second light source configured to emit a second light in a second band of excitation wavelengths; a second filter arranged in a second optical path of the second light source, the second filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths; a third light source configured to emit a third light in a third band of excitation wavelengths; a third filter arranged in a third optical path of the third light source, the third filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths, wherein the first optical path, the second optical path, and the third optical path converge along a primary transmission optical path configured to be directed toward the live-cell biological sample; and an emission filter arranged in a primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample, wherein the primary emission optical path is configured to terminate at an imaging sensor, where the emission filter is configured to pass light in a first band, a second band and a third band of emission wavelengths and is configured to reflect light in the first band, the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths. 2. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter, the second filter and the third filter are each a dichroic filter. 3. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first light source, the second light source and the third light source each include an LED, at least one lens and a single bandpass dichroic filter. 4. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band, and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band of excitation wavelengths. 5. The optical module of claim 4, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, passes through the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, reflects off the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, passes through the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the first filter, passes through the second filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 6. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band and the second band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the second band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the first band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the third band of excitation wavelengths. 7. The optical module of claim 6, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, reflects off the second filter, passes through the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, passes through the second filter and then through the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, reflects off the third filter to the first filter, reflects off the first filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the first filter, passes through the third filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 8. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 453 nm to 485 nm, wherein the second band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 546 nm to 568 nm, and wherein the third band of excitation wavelengths ranges from 648 nm to 674 nm. 9. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first band of emission wavelengths ranges from 494 nm to 533 nm, the second band of emission wavelengths ranges from 576 nm to 639 nm, and the third band of emission wavelengths ranges from 686 nm to 756 nm. 10. The optical module of claim 1, further comprising:
a fourth light source configured to emit a fourth light in a fourth band of excitation wavelengths; and a fourth filter arranged in a fourth optical path of the fourth light source, the fourth filter is configured to pass light in one or more wavelengths and to reflect light in one or more wavelengths, wherein the emission filter is further configured to pass light in a fourth band of emission wavelengths and reflect light in the fourth band of excitation wavelengths. 11. The optical module of claim 10, wherein the first filter is configured to pass light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the fourth band of excitation wavelengths,
wherein the second filter is configured to pass light in the first band, the second band, and the third band of emission wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths, wherein the third filter is configured to pass light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band of excitation wavelengths, and wherein the fourth filter is configured to pass light in the first band and the fourth band of excitation wavelengths and to reflect light in the second band and the third band of excitation wavelengths and in the first band, the second band, the third band and the fourth band of emission wavelengths. 12. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the first light source is arranged such that the first optical path starts at the first light source, passes through the first filter and then through the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path,
wherein the second light source is arranged such that the second optical path starts at the second light source, reflects off the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the fourth filter, reflects off the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the third light source is arranged such that the third optical path starts at the third light source, passes through the third filter to the second filter, reflects off the second filter to the fourth filter, reflects off the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, wherein the fourth light source is arranged such that the fourth optical path starts at the fourth light source, reflects off the first filter, passes through the fourth filter, and exits the optical module along the primary transmission optical path, and wherein the primary emission optical path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample reflects off the fourth filter, passes through the second filter, passes through the emission filter, and exits the optical module. 13. The optical module of claim 10, wherein the fourth band of emission wavelengths is less than 453 nm and the fourth band of excitation wavelengths is less than the fourth band of emission wavelengths. 14. A system for assaying live-cell biological samples, the system comprising:
the optical module of claim 1; a fluorescence microscope removably coupled to the optical module, wherein the fluorescence microscope has at least one objective; the imaging sensor arranged in the emission path for light emitted by the fluorophores in the live-cell biological sample from the objective; and a phase lamp removably coupled to the fluorescence microscope and arranged at a terminating end of the primary transmission optical path. 15. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a shaft extending through the optical module, wherein the fluorescence microscope has a receptacle configured to receive the shaft in a first orientation, wherein the shaft is configured to rotate under the application of a force to a second orientation thereby locking the optical module to the fluorescence microscope. 16. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
a first electrical connector coupled to the optical module; a second electrical connector coupled to the fluorescence microscope, wherein the second electrical connector is reciprocal with the first electrical connector; and a processor in electrical communication with at least one of the first electrical connector and the second electrical connector, the processor configured to identify the optical module coupled to the fluorescence microscope. 17. The system of claim 16, further comprising:
the phase lamp having a third electrical connector; and a fourth electrical connector coupled to the fluorescence microscope, wherein the third electrical connector is reciprocal with the fourth electrical connector, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the optical module and the phase lamp are compatible and to cause an alert to be displayed in response to that determination. 18. The system of claim 14, further comprising:
an incubator configured to maintain the live-cell biological samples at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 42° C. and at a relative humidity ranging from 80% to 100%, wherein the optical module of claim 1 is coupled to a chamber of the incubator. 19. A method for imaging fluorophores in live-cell biological samples, comprising:
aligning a first biological sample and a fluorescence microscope such that the first biological sample is located within a field of view of the fluorescence microscope, wherein the first biological sample contains (i) a first fluorophore that emits light in a first band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in first band of excitation wavelengths, (ii) a second fluorophore that emits light in a second band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in second band of excitation wavelengths, and (iii) a third fluorophore that emits light in a third band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in third band of excitation wavelengths; obtaining a set of images of the first biological sample using the fluorescent microscope, wherein the images of the set of images differ with respect to focus setting; determining, based on the set of images, first, second, and third in-focus settings for the first, second, and third bands of emission wavelengths, respectively; during a first period of time, using a first light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the first in-focus setting to obtain, via an image sensor of the fluorescence microscope, a first image of light in the first band of emission wavelengths; during a second period of time, using a second light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the second band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the second in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a second image of light in the second band of emission wavelengths; and during a third period of time, using a third light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the third in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a third image of light in the third band of emission wavelengths. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
generating, via a processor in electrical communication with the imaging sensor, a first corrected image of light emitted by the first fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the second fluorophore and the third fluorophore; generating, via the processor, a second corrected image of light emitted by the second fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the first fluorophore and the third fluorophore; and generating, via the processor, a third corrected image of light emitted by the third fluorophore based on the first, second, and third images in order to reduce artifacts from light emitted by the first fluorophore and the second fluorophore. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
maintaining, via an incubator coupled to the fluorescence microscope, at least the first biological sample at a temperature ranging from 30° C. to 42° C. and at a relative humidity ranging from 80% to 100%, when obtaining the first, second, and third images. 22. The method of claim 19, further comprising generating a first corrected image based on a phase or bright-field image obtained when the first biological sample is at the first in-focus setting and the first image. 23. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving, via a processor, compatibility information for an optical module and a phase lamp module of the fluorescence microscope; determining, via the processor, whether the optical module and the phase lamp are compatible based on the compatibility information; and in response to a determination that the optical module and the phase lamp are incompatible, causing, via the processor, an alert to be displayed with an indication of incompatibility. 24. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
extending a shaft in a first orientation through an optical module of the fluorescence microscope to a receptacle in the fluorescence microscope; and rotating the shaft under the application of a force such that shaft moves to a second orientation thereby coupling the optical module to the fluorescence microscope. 25. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having stored thereon program instructions that upon execution by a processor in electro-mechanical communication with the system of claim 1, cause performance of a set of acts comprising:
aligning a first biological sample and a fluorescence microscope such that the first biological sample is located within a field of view of the fluorescence microscope, wherein the first biological sample contains (i) a first fluorophore that emits light in a first band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in first band of excitation wavelengths, (ii) a second fluorophore that emits light in a second band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in second band of excitation wavelengths, and (iii) a third fluorophore that emits light in a third band of emission wavelengths in response to illumination by light in third band of excitation wavelengths; the imaging sensor obtaining a first set of images of the first biological sample using the fluorescent microscope, wherein the images of the set of images differ with respect to focus setting; determining, based on the set of images, first, second, and third in-focus settings for the first, second, and third bands of emission wavelengths, respectively; during a first period of time, using a first light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the first band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the first in-focus setting to obtain, via an image sensor of the fluorescence microscope, a first image of light in the first band of emission wavelengths; during a second period of time, using a second light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the second band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the second in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a second image of light in the second band of emission wavelengths; and during a third period of time, using a third light source to illuminate the first biological sample with light in the third band of excitation wavelengths and operating the fluorescence microscope according to the third in-focus setting to obtain, via the image sensor, a third image of light in the third band of emission wavelengths. | 1,700 |
349,950 | 350,824 | 16,854,762 | 1,763 | The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I, | 1. A method for preparing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate, comprising contacting 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid in a solvent with meglumine in water solution under suitable conditions, thereby providing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising adding said meglumine in water solution to a suspension of said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido) methyl)benzoic acid in acetone. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate has a dehydration point at about 71° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate at a temperature ranging from 60-90° C. under suitable conditions, thereby providing a 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising heating said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate at about 80° C. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a melting point of about 167.5° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt is anhydrous. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate to acetone in water solution; and heating reaction mixture at a temperature of about 50° C. under suitable conditions, thereby providing a 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a dehydration point at about 61° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 10. A method for preparing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt, comprising contacting 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid with meglumine under suitable conditions, thereby providing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising adding 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid and meglumine to methanol thereby providing a suspension; and heating said suspension under suitable conditions. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising heating said suspension at about 80° C. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a melting point of about 180.6° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 14. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate produced according to the method of claim 1. 15. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 4. 16. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 8. 17. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 10. | The present invention relates to compounds of Formula I,1. A method for preparing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate, comprising contacting 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid in a solvent with meglumine in water solution under suitable conditions, thereby providing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising adding said meglumine in water solution to a suspension of said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido) methyl)benzoic acid in acetone. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate has a dehydration point at about 71° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising heating said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate at a temperature ranging from 60-90° C. under suitable conditions, thereby providing a 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising heating said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate at about 80° C. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a melting point of about 167.5° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt is anhydrous. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising adding said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate to acetone in water solution; and heating reaction mixture at a temperature of about 50° C. under suitable conditions, thereby providing a 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a dehydration point at about 61° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 10. A method for preparing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt, comprising contacting 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid with meglumine under suitable conditions, thereby providing 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising adding 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid and meglumine to methanol thereby providing a suspension; and heating said suspension under suitable conditions. 12. The method of claim 11, comprising heating said suspension at about 80° C. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein said 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt has a melting point of about 180.6° C. by differential scanning calorimetry. 14. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine monohydrate produced according to the method of claim 1. 15. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 4. 16. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 8. 17. A 4-((N-benzyl-8-chloro-1-methyl-1,4-dihydrochromeno[4,3-c]pyrazole-3-carboxamido)methyl)benzoic acid meglumine salt produced according to the method of claim 10. | 1,700 |
349,951 | 350,825 | 16,854,772 | 1,763 | An integrated circuit structure in which a gate overlies channel region in an active area of a first transistor. The first transistor includes a channel region, a source region and a drain region. A conductive contact is coupled to the drain region of the first transistor. A second transistor that includes a channel region, a source region a drain region is adjacent to the first transistor. The gate of the second transistor is spaced from the gate of the first transistor. A conductive via passes through an insulation layer to electrically connect to the gate of the second transistor. An expanded conductive via overlays both the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect the drain of the first transistor to the gate of the second transistor. | 1. A method of forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
forming an active area of a semiconductor; forming a first gate overlying the active area; forming a second gate directly adjacent to the active area; forming an insulating structure over the active area and the first gate; etching an opening in the insulating structure spaced from the first gate, the opening exposing the active area in a region spaced from the first gate; depositing a first conductive material in the opening to provide an electrical connection to the active area; depositing a first insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching an opening in the first insulating layer and the insulating structure, the opening being spaced from the first conductive material and the opening exposing the second gate that is spaced from the first conductive material; depositing a second conductive material in the opening such that the second conductive material is electrically coupled to the second gate; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening extending from the first conductive material to the second conductive material; and depositing a third conductive material in the opening that extends from the first conductive material to the second conductive material that electrically couples the active area in a region spaced from the first gate to the second gate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first gate is a gate of a first transistor and the active area it overlays is a first channel region of the first transistor and the first conductive material electrically connects to a drain of the first transistor, the drain of the first transistor being directly adjacent to the second gate. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second gate overlays a second active area of a second transistor and the third conductive material electrically connects the drain of the first transistor to the second gate of the second transistor. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second and third conductive materials comprise tungsten. 5. The method according to claim 1, further including:
depositing a sealing layer overlying the insulating structure prior to depositing the first insulating layer, the sealing layer being an etch stop for an etch of the first insulating layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, further including:
planarizing an upper surface of the first conductive material and an upper surface of the second conductive material. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 8. A method, comprising:
forming an first active area of a semiconductor; forming a gate directly adjacent to the first active area; forming an insulating structure over the first active area and gate; etching an opening in the insulating structure spaced from the gate, the opening exposing the first active area in a region spaced from the gate; depositing a first conductive material in the opening to provide an electrical connection to the first active area; depositing a first insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening being spaced from the first conductive material and the opening exposing the gate that is spaced from the first conductive material; depositing a second conductive material in the opening such that the second conductive material is electrically coupled to the gate; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening extending from the first conductive material to the second conductive material; and depositing a third conductive material in the opening that extends from the first conductive material to the second conductive material that electrically couples the first active area in a region spaced from the gate to another gate. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
forming a second active area of the semiconductor, the gate overlying the second active area, the gate overlying a channel region of the second active area. 10. The method of claim 8, the step of forming an insulating structure includes:
forming multiple layers; 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
planarizing an upper surface of the first conductive material and an upper surface of the second conductive material. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 13. A method of forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
forming an active area of a semiconductor; forming a first gate overlying the active area; forming a second gate directly adjacent to the active area; forming an insulating structure over the active area and the first gate; etching a first opening in the insulating structure spaced from the first gate, the first opening exposing the active area in a region spaced from the first gate; depositing a first conductive material in the first opening to provide an electrical connection to the active area; depositing an insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer, the second opening extending from the first conductive material to the second gate and exposing the first conductive material and the second gate; and depositing a second conductive material in the second opening, the second conductive material extending from the first conductive material to the second gate and electrically couples the active area in a region spaced from the first gate to the second gate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first gate is a gate of a first transistor and the active area it overlays is a first channel region of the first transistor and the first conductive material electrically connects to a drain of the first transistor, the drain of the first transistor being directly adjacent to the second gate. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second gate overlays a second active area of a second transistor and the third conductive material electrically connects the drain of the first transistor to the second gate of the second transistor. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein each of the first and second conductive materials comprise tungsten. 17. The method according to claim 13, further including:
depositing a sealing layer overlying the insulating structure prior to depositing the insulating layer, the sealing layer being an etch stop for an etch of the insulating layer. 18. The method according to claim 17, the step of etching etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer, includes:
etching a gate opening through the insulating structure and the insulating layer exposing the second gate; and etching a recess opening through the insulating layer extending from the gate material opening to the first conductive material, exposing the first conductive material. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer is carried out in a single step etching the second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer. | An integrated circuit structure in which a gate overlies channel region in an active area of a first transistor. The first transistor includes a channel region, a source region and a drain region. A conductive contact is coupled to the drain region of the first transistor. A second transistor that includes a channel region, a source region a drain region is adjacent to the first transistor. The gate of the second transistor is spaced from the gate of the first transistor. A conductive via passes through an insulation layer to electrically connect to the gate of the second transistor. An expanded conductive via overlays both the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect the drain of the first transistor to the gate of the second transistor.1. A method of forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
forming an active area of a semiconductor; forming a first gate overlying the active area; forming a second gate directly adjacent to the active area; forming an insulating structure over the active area and the first gate; etching an opening in the insulating structure spaced from the first gate, the opening exposing the active area in a region spaced from the first gate; depositing a first conductive material in the opening to provide an electrical connection to the active area; depositing a first insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching an opening in the first insulating layer and the insulating structure, the opening being spaced from the first conductive material and the opening exposing the second gate that is spaced from the first conductive material; depositing a second conductive material in the opening such that the second conductive material is electrically coupled to the second gate; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening extending from the first conductive material to the second conductive material; and depositing a third conductive material in the opening that extends from the first conductive material to the second conductive material that electrically couples the active area in a region spaced from the first gate to the second gate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first gate is a gate of a first transistor and the active area it overlays is a first channel region of the first transistor and the first conductive material electrically connects to a drain of the first transistor, the drain of the first transistor being directly adjacent to the second gate. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second gate overlays a second active area of a second transistor and the third conductive material electrically connects the drain of the first transistor to the second gate of the second transistor. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein each of the first, second and third conductive materials comprise tungsten. 5. The method according to claim 1, further including:
depositing a sealing layer overlying the insulating structure prior to depositing the first insulating layer, the sealing layer being an etch stop for an etch of the first insulating layer. 6. The method according to claim 1, further including:
planarizing an upper surface of the first conductive material and an upper surface of the second conductive material. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 8. A method, comprising:
forming an first active area of a semiconductor; forming a gate directly adjacent to the first active area; forming an insulating structure over the first active area and gate; etching an opening in the insulating structure spaced from the gate, the opening exposing the first active area in a region spaced from the gate; depositing a first conductive material in the opening to provide an electrical connection to the first active area; depositing a first insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening being spaced from the first conductive material and the opening exposing the gate that is spaced from the first conductive material; depositing a second conductive material in the opening such that the second conductive material is electrically coupled to the gate; etching an opening in the first insulating layer, the opening extending from the first conductive material to the second conductive material; and depositing a third conductive material in the opening that extends from the first conductive material to the second conductive material that electrically couples the first active area in a region spaced from the gate to another gate. 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
forming a second active area of the semiconductor, the gate overlying the second active area, the gate overlying a channel region of the second active area. 10. The method of claim 8, the step of forming an insulating structure includes:
forming multiple layers; 11. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
planarizing an upper surface of the first conductive material and an upper surface of the second conductive material. 12. The method of claim 8, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 13. A method of forming a semiconductor structure, comprising:
forming an active area of a semiconductor; forming a first gate overlying the active area; forming a second gate directly adjacent to the active area; forming an insulating structure over the active area and the first gate; etching a first opening in the insulating structure spaced from the first gate, the first opening exposing the active area in a region spaced from the first gate; depositing a first conductive material in the first opening to provide an electrical connection to the active area; depositing an insulating layer over the insulating structure and the first conductive material; etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer, the second opening extending from the first conductive material to the second gate and exposing the first conductive material and the second gate; and depositing a second conductive material in the second opening, the second conductive material extending from the first conductive material to the second gate and electrically couples the active area in a region spaced from the first gate to the second gate. 14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the first gate is a gate of a first transistor and the active area it overlays is a first channel region of the first transistor and the first conductive material electrically connects to a drain of the first transistor, the drain of the first transistor being directly adjacent to the second gate. 15. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second gate overlays a second active area of a second transistor and the third conductive material electrically connects the drain of the first transistor to the second gate of the second transistor. 16. The method according to claim 13, wherein each of the first and second conductive materials comprise tungsten. 17. The method according to claim 13, further including:
depositing a sealing layer overlying the insulating structure prior to depositing the insulating layer, the sealing layer being an etch stop for an etch of the insulating layer. 18. The method according to claim 17, the step of etching etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer, includes:
etching a gate opening through the insulating structure and the insulating layer exposing the second gate; and etching a recess opening through the insulating layer extending from the gate material opening to the first conductive material, exposing the first conductive material. 19. The method according to claim 13, wherein the second conductive material being different from the first conductive material. 20. The method of claim 13, wherein etching a second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer is carried out in a single step etching the second opening in the insulating structure and the insulating layer. | 1,700 |
349,952 | 350,826 | 16,854,774 | 1,763 | An electronic device such as a wristwatch may have a housing with metal sidewalls and a display having conductive display structures. Printed circuits having corresponding ground traces may be coupled to the display for conveying data to and/or from the display. The conductive display structures may be separated from the metal sidewalls by a gap. A conductive interconnect may be coupled to the metal sidewalls and may extend across the gap to the conductive display structures. The conductive interconnect may be coupled to the ground traces on the printed circuits and/or may be shorted or capacitively coupled to the conductive display structures. When configured in this way, the metal sidewalls, the conductive display structures, and the conductive interconnect may define the edges of a slot antenna resonating element for a slot antenna. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
peripheral conductive housing structures; a display mounted to the peripheral conductive housing structures, wherein the display comprises a display cover layer and a display module that emits image light through the display cover layer; a conductive interconnect structure that electrically shorts a conductive structure in the display module to the peripheral conductive housing structure; a slot that extends between at least two sides of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures, wherein the slot has edges defined by the conductive interconnect structure, the peripheral conductive housing structures, and the at least two sides of the display module; and an antenna feed having a first feed terminal coupled to the peripheral conductive structures and a second feed terminal coupled to the display module, wherein the antenna feed is configured to feed antenna currents that flow along the display module, the conductive interconnect structure, and the peripheral conductive housing structures. 2. The electronic device defined in claim 1, further comprising a screw that secures the conductive interconnect structure to the peripheral conductive housing structures. 3. The electronic device defined in claim 2, further comprising an additional screw that secures the conductive interconnect structure to the peripheral conductive housing structures. 4. The electronic device defined in claim 1, wherein the conductive interconnect structure defines first and second opposing ends of the slot, the slot having a length extending from the first end to the second end that, and the length being selected to configure the slot to resonate in a frequency band. 5. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the frequency band comprises a frequency between 1.5 GHz and 6.0 GHz. 6. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the peripheral conductive housing structures comprise first, second, third and fourth sidewalls for the electronic device, the third sidewall opposes the first sidewall, the fourth sidewall opposes the second sidewall, and the second and fourth sidewalls extend from the first sidewall to the third sidewall, the slot comprising a first segment extending between the first sidewall and a first side of the at least two sides of the display module, and the slot comprising a second segment extending between the second sidewall and a second side of the at least two sides of the display module. 7. The electronic device defined in claim 6, wherein the slot further comprises a third segment extending between the third sidewall and a third side of the display module, the second segment extending from the first segment to the third segment. 8. The electronic device defined in claim 7, wherein the conductive interconnect structure electrically shorts the conductive structure in the display module to the fourth sidewall. 9. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the conductive interconnect structure has a first branch that defines the first end of the slot and has a second branch that defines the second end of the slot. 10. An electronic device comprising:
first, second, third, and fourth conductive sidewalls, wherein the third conductive sidewall opposes the first conductive sidewall, the fourth conductive sidewall opposes the second conductive sidewall, and the second and fourth conductive sidewalls extend from the first conductive sidewall to the third conductive sidewall; a display having a display cover layer mounted to the first, second, third, and fourth conductive sidewalls, wherein the display comprises a display module configured to emit light through the display cover layer; a slot having a first segment extending between the first conductive sidewall and a first edge of the display module, a second segment extending between the second conductive sidewall and a second edge of the display module, and a third segment extending between the third conductive sidewall and a third edge of the display module, wherein the second segment extends from the first segment to the third segment; an antenna feed coupled across the slot and configured to convey antenna currents that flow along a perimeter of the slot; and a conductive interconnect structure that couples the display module to the fourth conductive sidewall and that forms at least part of the perimeter of the slot. 11. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the antenna feed is coupled to the second conductive sidewall and the second edge of the display module. 12. The electronic device defined in claim 11, further comprising a conductive fastening structure that attaches the conductive interconnect structure to the fourth conductive sidewall. 13. The electronic device defined in claim 10, further comprising:
display module interface circuitry; and a flexible printed circuit that couples the display module interface circuitry to the display module. 14. The electronic device defined in claim 13, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a ground trace on the flexible printed circuit. 15. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the conductive interconnect structure defines opposing first and second ends of the slot, the slot having a length from the first end to the second end that is selected to configure the slot to resonate in a frequency band. 16. The electronic device defined in claim 15, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is capacitively coupled to a conductive structure in the display module and forms a short circuit path to the fourth conductive sidewall at frequencies in the frequency band. 17. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a conductive structure in the display module. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a display having a display cover layer and a display module configured to emit light through the display cover layer, wherein the display module has first, second, third, and fourth edges, the third edge opposes the first edge, and the fourth edge opposes the second edge; peripheral conductive housing structures that run around the first, second, third, and fourth edges of the display module; a slot having edges defined by the first, second, third, and fourth edges of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures; an antenna feed coupled between the first edge and the peripheral conductive housing structures across the slot; and a grounded conductive interconnect structure coupled between the third edge of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures across the slot. 19. The electronic device defined in claim 18, wherein the grounded conductive interconnect structure is configured to mitigate an electric field produced by the antenna feed at the third edge of the display module. 20. The electronic device defined in claim 19, further comprising:
display module interface circuitry; and a flexible printed circuit that couples the display module interface circuitry to the display module, wherein the grounded conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a ground trace on the flexible printed circuit. | An electronic device such as a wristwatch may have a housing with metal sidewalls and a display having conductive display structures. Printed circuits having corresponding ground traces may be coupled to the display for conveying data to and/or from the display. The conductive display structures may be separated from the metal sidewalls by a gap. A conductive interconnect may be coupled to the metal sidewalls and may extend across the gap to the conductive display structures. The conductive interconnect may be coupled to the ground traces on the printed circuits and/or may be shorted or capacitively coupled to the conductive display structures. When configured in this way, the metal sidewalls, the conductive display structures, and the conductive interconnect may define the edges of a slot antenna resonating element for a slot antenna.1. An electronic device comprising:
peripheral conductive housing structures; a display mounted to the peripheral conductive housing structures, wherein the display comprises a display cover layer and a display module that emits image light through the display cover layer; a conductive interconnect structure that electrically shorts a conductive structure in the display module to the peripheral conductive housing structure; a slot that extends between at least two sides of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures, wherein the slot has edges defined by the conductive interconnect structure, the peripheral conductive housing structures, and the at least two sides of the display module; and an antenna feed having a first feed terminal coupled to the peripheral conductive structures and a second feed terminal coupled to the display module, wherein the antenna feed is configured to feed antenna currents that flow along the display module, the conductive interconnect structure, and the peripheral conductive housing structures. 2. The electronic device defined in claim 1, further comprising a screw that secures the conductive interconnect structure to the peripheral conductive housing structures. 3. The electronic device defined in claim 2, further comprising an additional screw that secures the conductive interconnect structure to the peripheral conductive housing structures. 4. The electronic device defined in claim 1, wherein the conductive interconnect structure defines first and second opposing ends of the slot, the slot having a length extending from the first end to the second end that, and the length being selected to configure the slot to resonate in a frequency band. 5. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the frequency band comprises a frequency between 1.5 GHz and 6.0 GHz. 6. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the peripheral conductive housing structures comprise first, second, third and fourth sidewalls for the electronic device, the third sidewall opposes the first sidewall, the fourth sidewall opposes the second sidewall, and the second and fourth sidewalls extend from the first sidewall to the third sidewall, the slot comprising a first segment extending between the first sidewall and a first side of the at least two sides of the display module, and the slot comprising a second segment extending between the second sidewall and a second side of the at least two sides of the display module. 7. The electronic device defined in claim 6, wherein the slot further comprises a third segment extending between the third sidewall and a third side of the display module, the second segment extending from the first segment to the third segment. 8. The electronic device defined in claim 7, wherein the conductive interconnect structure electrically shorts the conductive structure in the display module to the fourth sidewall. 9. The electronic device defined in claim 4, wherein the conductive interconnect structure has a first branch that defines the first end of the slot and has a second branch that defines the second end of the slot. 10. An electronic device comprising:
first, second, third, and fourth conductive sidewalls, wherein the third conductive sidewall opposes the first conductive sidewall, the fourth conductive sidewall opposes the second conductive sidewall, and the second and fourth conductive sidewalls extend from the first conductive sidewall to the third conductive sidewall; a display having a display cover layer mounted to the first, second, third, and fourth conductive sidewalls, wherein the display comprises a display module configured to emit light through the display cover layer; a slot having a first segment extending between the first conductive sidewall and a first edge of the display module, a second segment extending between the second conductive sidewall and a second edge of the display module, and a third segment extending between the third conductive sidewall and a third edge of the display module, wherein the second segment extends from the first segment to the third segment; an antenna feed coupled across the slot and configured to convey antenna currents that flow along a perimeter of the slot; and a conductive interconnect structure that couples the display module to the fourth conductive sidewall and that forms at least part of the perimeter of the slot. 11. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the antenna feed is coupled to the second conductive sidewall and the second edge of the display module. 12. The electronic device defined in claim 11, further comprising a conductive fastening structure that attaches the conductive interconnect structure to the fourth conductive sidewall. 13. The electronic device defined in claim 10, further comprising:
display module interface circuitry; and a flexible printed circuit that couples the display module interface circuitry to the display module. 14. The electronic device defined in claim 13, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a ground trace on the flexible printed circuit. 15. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the conductive interconnect structure defines opposing first and second ends of the slot, the slot having a length from the first end to the second end that is selected to configure the slot to resonate in a frequency band. 16. The electronic device defined in claim 15, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is capacitively coupled to a conductive structure in the display module and forms a short circuit path to the fourth conductive sidewall at frequencies in the frequency band. 17. The electronic device defined in claim 10, wherein the conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a conductive structure in the display module. 18. An electronic device comprising:
a display having a display cover layer and a display module configured to emit light through the display cover layer, wherein the display module has first, second, third, and fourth edges, the third edge opposes the first edge, and the fourth edge opposes the second edge; peripheral conductive housing structures that run around the first, second, third, and fourth edges of the display module; a slot having edges defined by the first, second, third, and fourth edges of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures; an antenna feed coupled between the first edge and the peripheral conductive housing structures across the slot; and a grounded conductive interconnect structure coupled between the third edge of the display module and the peripheral conductive housing structures across the slot. 19. The electronic device defined in claim 18, wherein the grounded conductive interconnect structure is configured to mitigate an electric field produced by the antenna feed at the third edge of the display module. 20. The electronic device defined in claim 19, further comprising:
display module interface circuitry; and a flexible printed circuit that couples the display module interface circuitry to the display module, wherein the grounded conductive interconnect structure is shorted to a ground trace on the flexible printed circuit. | 1,700 |
349,953 | 350,827 | 16,854,799 | 1,763 | Data may be stored by receiving the data to be stored, determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction, and, responsive to the determination, selecting between a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored and/or processed in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction, and an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws. Further, the regulated storage scheme may be followed by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. | 1. A method for storing data, the method comprising:
at a data store, receiving data to be stored; at a processor, determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction; at the processor, responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, selecting a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, at the processor, following the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the regulated storage scheme comprises executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to initiating storage of the data, encrypting the data without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
at a router, routing the data to a local data store in the jurisdiction; and at the local data store, storing the data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, prior to routing the data to the local data store, encrypting the data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; and encrypting the data comprises:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
at an input device, after storing the data, receiving user input from a user; responsive to receipt of the user input:
at the router, retrieving the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
at the processor, decrypting the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
at an output device, outputting the data for the user. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; encrypting the data comprises using a first encryption scheme; and the method further comprises:
encrypting second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
at the router, routing the second data. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
at the router, further routing the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and at the second local data store, storing the data. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; and the method further comprises:
at an input device located in the jurisdiction, after storing the data, receiving user input from a user via a web browser;
responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieving the data from the local data store; and
at an output device, using a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
receiving the user input comprises receiving the user input from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; and retrieving the data comprises retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
receiving the user input from within the point of presence comprises receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieving the data from within the point of presence comprises retrieving the data from within the secure container. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmitting notification of the intrusion to the user. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium for storing data, comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, perform the steps of:
causing a data store to receive data to be stored; determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction; responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, selecting a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, following the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, wherein selecting the regulated storage scheme comprises executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, encrypt the data, prior to initiating storage of the data, without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause a router to route the data to a local data store in the jurisdiction; and cause the local data store to store the data. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; and the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor:
encrypt the data prior to routing the data to the local data store by:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data;
cause an input device to receive user input from a user after storage of the data; and
responsive to receipt of the user input:
cause the router to retrieve the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
decrypt the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
cause an output device to output the data for the user. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; and the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
encrypt the data prior to routing the data to the local data store using a first encryption scheme;
encrypt second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
cause the router to route the second data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause the router to further route the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and cause the second local data store to store the data. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
cause an input device located in the jurisdiction, after storage of the data, to receive user input from a user via a web browser;
responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieve the data from the local data store; and
cause an output device to use a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser;
receiving the user input comprises receiving the user input from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; and retrieving the data comprises retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein:
receiving the user input from within the point of presence comprises receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieving the data from within the point of presence comprises retrieving the data from within the secure container. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 22, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
detect intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmit notification of the intrusion to the user. 24. A system for storing data, the system comprising:
a data store configured to receive data to be stored; and processor configured to:
determine whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction;
responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, select a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, follow the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to select the regulated storage scheme by executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to encrypt the data, prior to initiating storage of the data, without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 27. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a router; and a local data store in the jurisdiction, configured to store the data; wherein the processor is further configured to, responsive to initiation of storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws, cause the router to route the data to the local data store. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; the processor is further configured to encrypt the data, prior to routing the data to the local data store, by:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data;
the system further comprises:
an input device configured to receive user input from a user after storage of the data; and
an output device; and
the processor is further configured to, responsive to receipt of the user input:
cause the router to retrieve the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
decrypt the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
cause the output device to output the data for the user. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; the processor is further configured to:
encrypt the data, prior to routing the data to the local data store, using a first encryption scheme;
encrypt second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
cause the router to route the second data. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the system further comprises a second local data store; and the processor is further configured to, responsive to initiation of storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause the router to further route the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and
cause the second local data store to store the data. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; the system further comprises an input device located in the jurisdiction, wherein the input device is configured, after storage of the data, to receive user input from a user via a web browser, from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; the processor is further configured to, responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieve the data from the local data store; the system further comprises an output device configured to use a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser; and the processor is further configured to retrieve the data by retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive the user input from within the point of presence by receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieve the data from within the point of presence by retrieving the data from within the secure container. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmit notification of the intrusion to the user. | Data may be stored by receiving the data to be stored, determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction, and, responsive to the determination, selecting between a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored and/or processed in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction, and an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws. Further, the regulated storage scheme may be followed by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws.1. A method for storing data, the method comprising:
at a data store, receiving data to be stored; at a processor, determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction; at the processor, responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, selecting a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, at the processor, following the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting the regulated storage scheme comprises executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, prior to initiating storage of the data, encrypting the data without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
at a router, routing the data to a local data store in the jurisdiction; and at the local data store, storing the data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising, prior to routing the data to the local data store, encrypting the data. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; and encrypting the data comprises:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data. 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
at an input device, after storing the data, receiving user input from a user; responsive to receipt of the user input:
at the router, retrieving the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
at the processor, decrypting the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
at an output device, outputting the data for the user. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; encrypting the data comprises using a first encryption scheme; and the method further comprises:
encrypting second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
at the router, routing the second data. 9. The method of claim 4, further comprising, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
at the router, further routing the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and at the second local data store, storing the data. 10. The method of claim 4, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; and the method further comprises:
at an input device located in the jurisdiction, after storing the data, receiving user input from a user via a web browser;
responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieving the data from the local data store; and
at an output device, using a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein:
receiving the user input comprises receiving the user input from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; and retrieving the data comprises retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein:
receiving the user input from within the point of presence comprises receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieving the data from within the point of presence comprises retrieving the data from within the secure container. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
detecting intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmitting notification of the intrusion to the user. 14. A non-transitory computer readable medium for storing data, comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, perform the steps of:
causing a data store to receive data to be stored; determining whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction; responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, selecting a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, following the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 15. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, wherein selecting the regulated storage scheme comprises executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, encrypt the data, prior to initiating storage of the data, without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 14, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause a router to route the data to a local data store in the jurisdiction; and cause the local data store to store the data. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; and the non-transitory computer-readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon that, when executed by a processor:
encrypt the data prior to routing the data to the local data store by:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data;
cause an input device to receive user input from a user after storage of the data; and
responsive to receipt of the user input:
cause the router to retrieve the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
decrypt the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
cause an output device to output the data for the user. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; and the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
encrypt the data prior to routing the data to the local data store using a first encryption scheme;
encrypt second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
cause the router to route the second data. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor, responsive to initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause the router to further route the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and cause the second local data store to store the data. 21. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 17, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; the non-transitory computer readable medium further comprises instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
cause an input device located in the jurisdiction, after storage of the data, to receive user input from a user via a web browser;
responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieve the data from the local data store; and
cause an output device to use a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser;
receiving the user input comprises receiving the user input from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; and retrieving the data comprises retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 22. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 21, wherein:
receiving the user input from within the point of presence comprises receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieving the data from within the point of presence comprises retrieving the data from within the secure container. 23. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 22, further comprising instructions stored thereon, that when executed by a processor:
detect intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmit notification of the intrusion to the user. 24. A system for storing data, the system comprising:
a data store configured to receive data to be stored; and processor configured to:
determine whether the data is regulated in a jurisdiction;
responsive to determining that the data is regulated in the jurisdiction, select a storage scheme from a group consisting of:
a regulated storage scheme, requiring that the data be stored in the jurisdiction in accordance with one or more laws pertaining to the jurisdiction; and
an unregulated storage scheme, in which the data is not required to be stored in the jurisdiction and/or is not required to be stored in accordance with the one or more laws; and
responsive to selection of the regulated storage scheme, follow the regulated storage scheme by initiating storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws. 25. The system of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to select the regulated storage scheme by executing a software developer kit (SDK) method call of an API stored at least partially on the data store. 26. The system of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to encrypt the data, prior to initiating storage of the data, without storing a key for decrypting the data on the data store. 27. The system of claim 24, further comprising:
a router; and a local data store in the jurisdiction, configured to store the data; wherein the processor is further configured to, responsive to initiation of storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws, cause the router to route the data to the local data store. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the data comprises a plurality of indexed fields; the processor is further configured to encrypt the data, prior to routing the data to the local data store, by:
using a SHA-256 hash to encrypt the indexed fields; and
using AES-256 symmetric encryption to encrypt the data;
the system further comprises:
an input device configured to receive user input from a user after storage of the data; and
an output device; and
the processor is further configured to, responsive to receipt of the user input:
cause the router to retrieve the data using a hashed key of the SHA-256 hash;
decrypt the data using an encryption key of the AES-256 symmetric encryption; and
cause the output device to output the data for the user. 29. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the data is owned by a first owner; the processor is further configured to:
encrypt the data, prior to routing the data to the local data store, using a first encryption scheme;
encrypt second data, owned by a second owner different from the first owner, using a second encryption scheme different from the first encryption scheme; and
cause the router to route the second data. 30. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the system further comprises a second local data store; and the processor is further configured to, responsive to initiation of storage of the data in the jurisdiction in accordance with the one or more laws:
cause the router to further route the data to a second local data store in the jurisdiction; and
cause the second local data store to store the data. 31. The system of claim 27, wherein:
the one or more laws restrict transmission of the data out of the jurisdiction; the system further comprises an input device located in the jurisdiction, wherein the input device is configured, after storage of the data, to receive user input from a user via a web browser, from within a point of presence within the jurisdiction; the processor is further configured to, responsive to receipt of the user input, retrieve the data from the local data store; the system further comprises an output device configured to use a domain overlay to output the data for the user via the web browser; and the processor is further configured to retrieve the data by retrieving the data from within the point of presence. 32. The system of claim 31, wherein the processor is further configured to:
receive the user input from within the point of presence by receiving the user input from within a secure container; and retrieve the data from within the point of presence by retrieving the data from within the secure container. 33. The system of claim 32, wherein the processor is further configured to:
detect intrusion of a host of the local data store in the secure container; and responsive to detection of the intrusion, transmit notification of the intrusion to the user. | 1,700 |
349,954 | 350,828 | 16,854,783 | 1,763 | A method for providing localized jamming effects includes using a processor onboard a vehicle to perform the steps of: receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command. The jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle. | 1. A method for providing localized jamming effects, comprising:
using a processor onboard a vehicle to perform the steps of:
receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and
generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command, the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor comprises simulating the jamming effect on the particular sensor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor comprises at least one of:
generating simulated communications jamming effects in one or more communications devices associated with the vehicle; generating simulated electromagnetic jamming effects in a sensor model of an electromagnetic sensor associated with the vehicle; and generating simulated location data jamming effects in a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated communications jamming effects comprises generating radio interference on a radio associated with the vehicle. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated location jamming effects comprises generating simulated Global Position System (GPS) jamming effects in a GPS model of a GPS associated with the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated location jamming effects comprises generating simulated inertial navigation jamming effects in a model of an inertial navigation system associated with the vehicle. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising merging different jamming effects by a jammer function on the vehicle. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein different simulated jamming effects are generated in response to a separate jamming command corresponding to each different simulated jamming effect. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle comprises a live aircraft participating in a training exercise and wherein receiving the jamming command comprises receiving the jamming command from a training system. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising at least one of:
providing the training system onboard the live aircraft; providing the training system onboard another aircraft; or locating the training system at a ground station. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a live aircraft participating in a training exercise and wherein receiving the jamming command comprises receiving the jamming command from one of an aggressor aircraft, a friendly aircraft, or a ground station. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising turning off the jamming effect in response to deactivation by a pilot of the vehicle or by another entity. 13. A system for providing localized jamming effects, comprising:
a processor onboard a vehicle; and a memory associated with the processor, the memory comprising computer-readable program instructions that, when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform a set of functions comprising: receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command, the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the set of functions further comprises at least one of:
generating simulated communications jamming effects in one or more communications devices associated with the vehicle; generating simulated radar jamming effects in a radar model of a radar associated with the vehicle; and generating simulated location data jamming effects in a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 16. The system of claim 13, further comprising a training system, the training system comprising:
a radio interference generator; a radar model of a radar associated with the vehicle; a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle; and a jammer function, wherein the jammer function is configured to:
generate simulated communications jamming effects in a communications device associated with the vehicle;
generate simulated radar jamming effects in the radar model of the radar associated with the vehicle; and
generate simulated location data jamming effects in the model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the vehicle comprises a live aircraft participating in the training exercise and the jamming command is received from a training system. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising at least one of:
the training system is onboard the live aircraft; the training system is onboard another aircraft; or the training system is at a ground station. 19. A training pod, comprising:
a training system, the training system comprising:
a radio interference generator;
a radar model of a radar associated with a vehicle;
a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle; and
a jammer function, wherein the jammer function is configured to:
generate simulated communications jamming effects in a communications device associated with the vehicle;
generate simulated radar jamming effects in the radar model of the radar associated with the vehicle; and
generate simulated location data jamming effects in the model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 20. The training pod of claim 19, wherein the training pod is removably mounted to an aircraft. | A method for providing localized jamming effects includes using a processor onboard a vehicle to perform the steps of: receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command. The jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle.1. A method for providing localized jamming effects, comprising:
using a processor onboard a vehicle to perform the steps of:
receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and
generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command, the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor comprises simulating the jamming effect on the particular sensor. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor comprises at least one of:
generating simulated communications jamming effects in one or more communications devices associated with the vehicle; generating simulated electromagnetic jamming effects in a sensor model of an electromagnetic sensor associated with the vehicle; and generating simulated location data jamming effects in a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated communications jamming effects comprises generating radio interference on a radio associated with the vehicle. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated location jamming effects comprises generating simulated Global Position System (GPS) jamming effects in a GPS model of a GPS associated with the vehicle. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein generating the simulated location jamming effects comprises generating simulated inertial navigation jamming effects in a model of an inertial navigation system associated with the vehicle. 7. The method of claim 3, further comprising merging different jamming effects by a jammer function on the vehicle. 8. The method of claim 3, wherein different simulated jamming effects are generated in response to a separate jamming command corresponding to each different simulated jamming effect. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle comprises a live aircraft participating in a training exercise and wherein receiving the jamming command comprises receiving the jamming command from a training system. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising at least one of:
providing the training system onboard the live aircraft; providing the training system onboard another aircraft; or locating the training system at a ground station. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a live aircraft participating in a training exercise and wherein receiving the jamming command comprises receiving the jamming command from one of an aggressor aircraft, a friendly aircraft, or a ground station. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising turning off the jamming effect in response to deactivation by a pilot of the vehicle or by another entity. 13. A system for providing localized jamming effects, comprising:
a processor onboard a vehicle; and a memory associated with the processor, the memory comprising computer-readable program instructions that, when executed by the processor causes the processor to perform a set of functions comprising: receiving a jamming command to simulate a jamming effect on a particular sensor onboard the vehicle; and generating a jamming effect in a model of the particular sensor in response to the jamming command, the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor being generated by an entity other than the vehicle. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the jamming effect in the model of the particular sensor simulates the jamming effect on the particular sensor. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the set of functions further comprises at least one of:
generating simulated communications jamming effects in one or more communications devices associated with the vehicle; generating simulated radar jamming effects in a radar model of a radar associated with the vehicle; and generating simulated location data jamming effects in a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 16. The system of claim 13, further comprising a training system, the training system comprising:
a radio interference generator; a radar model of a radar associated with the vehicle; a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle; and a jammer function, wherein the jammer function is configured to:
generate simulated communications jamming effects in a communications device associated with the vehicle;
generate simulated radar jamming effects in the radar model of the radar associated with the vehicle; and
generate simulated location data jamming effects in the model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein the vehicle comprises a live aircraft participating in the training exercise and the jamming command is received from a training system. 18. The system of claim 17, further comprising at least one of:
the training system is onboard the live aircraft; the training system is onboard another aircraft; or the training system is at a ground station. 19. A training pod, comprising:
a training system, the training system comprising:
a radio interference generator;
a radar model of a radar associated with a vehicle;
a model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle; and
a jammer function, wherein the jammer function is configured to:
generate simulated communications jamming effects in a communications device associated with the vehicle;
generate simulated radar jamming effects in the radar model of the radar associated with the vehicle; and
generate simulated location data jamming effects in the model of a location sensor associated with the vehicle. 20. The training pod of claim 19, wherein the training pod is removably mounted to an aircraft. | 1,700 |
349,955 | 350,829 | 16,854,795 | 1,763 | This is directed to connecting two or more elements using an intermediate element constructed from a material that changes between states. An electronic device can include one or more components constructed by connecting several elements. To provide a connection having a reduced or small size or cross-section and construct a component having high tolerances, a material can be provided in a first state in which it flows between the elements before changing to a second state in which it adheres to the elements and provides a structurally sound connection. For example, a plastic can be molded between the elements. As another example, a composite material can be brazed between the elements. In some cases, internal surfaces of the elements can include one or more features for enhancing a bond between the elements and the material providing the interface between the elements. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising:
a housing defining an internal volume and comprising:
a first housing element formed from a first conductive material and defining a first corner of the housing, the first housing element configured to operate as an antenna of the electronic device;
a second housing element formed from a second conductive material and defining at least a portion of a side of the housing; and
an intermediate housing element formed from a dielectric material and positioned at least partially within a gap defined between the first housing element and the second housing element, the intermediate housing element forming a structural bond with the first housing element and the second housing element. 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the first housing element defines a first internal element that extends into the internal volume; the second housing element defines a second internal element that extends into the internal volume; and the intermediate housing element is molded at least partially around the first and second internal elements. 23. The electronic device of claim 22, wherein:
the first internal element defines a first opening; the second internal element defines a second opening; and the dielectric material of the intermediate housing element at least partially fills the first and second openings. 24. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the second housing element defines a second corner of the housing; the antenna is a first antenna; and the second housing element is configured to operate as a second antenna of the electronic device. 25. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the intermediate housing element is a first intermediate housing element; the dielectric material is a first dielectric material; the portion of the side of the housing is a first portion of the side of the housing; and the housing further comprises:
a third housing element formed from a third conductive material and defining at least a second portion of the side of the housing;
a second intermediate housing element formed from a second dielectric material and positioned at least partially between the second and third housing elements; and
a third intermediate housing element formed from a third dielectric material and positioned at least partially between the third and first housing elements. 26. The electronic device of claim 25, wherein the first housing element, the second housing element, the third housing element, the first intermediate housing element, the second intermediate housing element, and the third intermediate housing element define a closed loop. 27. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the electronic device further comprises an internal platform; the internal platform supports one or more electrical components; and the one or more electrical components are electrically coupled to the first housing element of the housing. 28. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are an aluminum material. 29. A portable electronic device comprising:
an electronic circuit; and a housing enclosing the electronic circuit and comprising:
a first conductive element formed from a first metal material and defining a first portion of an external surface of the housing along a corner of the housing, the first conductive element configured to function as an antenna of the portable electronic device;
a second conductive element formed from a second metal material and defining a second portion of the external surface of the housing along a side of the housing; and
an intermediate element formed from a plastic material and positioned at least partially between the first conductive element and the second conductive element. 30. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the first conductive element defines a first internal protrusion; the second conductive element defines a second internal protrusion; and the plastic material of the intermediate element is molded between the first conductive element and the second conductive element and structurally engages with the first and second internal protrusions. 31. The portable electronic device of claim 30, wherein:
the first internal protrusion defines a first recess; the second internal protrusion defines a second recess; and the plastic material of the intermediate element at least partially fills the first and second recesses. 32. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the antenna is a first antenna; and the second conductive element is configured to operate as a second antenna of the portable electronic device. 33. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the first metal material and the second metal material are a steel material. 34. A housing for an electronic device, the housing defining an internal volume and comprising:
a first metal housing component defining a first exterior corner of the housing and configured to operate as an antenna of the electronic device; a second metal housing component defining a second exterior corner of the housing; and a plastic housing component defining a portion of an exterior side of the housing and positioned at least partially between the first metal housing component and the second metal housing component. 35. The housing of claim 34, wherein:
the first metal housing component defines a first chamfer having a first opening; the second metal housing component defines a second chamfer having a second opening; and the plastic housing component at least partially fills the first and second openings. 36. The housing of claim 35, wherein the first and second openings have a cylindrical shape. 37. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component is molded between a gap defined between the first metal housing component and the second metal housing component. 38. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component bonds the first metal housing component to the second metal housing component. 39. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component electrically insulates the first metal housing component from the second metal housing component. 40. The housing of claim 34, wherein the first metal housing component, the second metal housing component, and the plastic housing component define at least a portion of a closed loop that defines a continuous external sidewall of the housing. | This is directed to connecting two or more elements using an intermediate element constructed from a material that changes between states. An electronic device can include one or more components constructed by connecting several elements. To provide a connection having a reduced or small size or cross-section and construct a component having high tolerances, a material can be provided in a first state in which it flows between the elements before changing to a second state in which it adheres to the elements and provides a structurally sound connection. For example, a plastic can be molded between the elements. As another example, a composite material can be brazed between the elements. In some cases, internal surfaces of the elements can include one or more features for enhancing a bond between the elements and the material providing the interface between the elements.1-20. (canceled) 21. An electronic device comprising:
a housing defining an internal volume and comprising:
a first housing element formed from a first conductive material and defining a first corner of the housing, the first housing element configured to operate as an antenna of the electronic device;
a second housing element formed from a second conductive material and defining at least a portion of a side of the housing; and
an intermediate housing element formed from a dielectric material and positioned at least partially within a gap defined between the first housing element and the second housing element, the intermediate housing element forming a structural bond with the first housing element and the second housing element. 22. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the first housing element defines a first internal element that extends into the internal volume; the second housing element defines a second internal element that extends into the internal volume; and the intermediate housing element is molded at least partially around the first and second internal elements. 23. The electronic device of claim 22, wherein:
the first internal element defines a first opening; the second internal element defines a second opening; and the dielectric material of the intermediate housing element at least partially fills the first and second openings. 24. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the second housing element defines a second corner of the housing; the antenna is a first antenna; and the second housing element is configured to operate as a second antenna of the electronic device. 25. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the intermediate housing element is a first intermediate housing element; the dielectric material is a first dielectric material; the portion of the side of the housing is a first portion of the side of the housing; and the housing further comprises:
a third housing element formed from a third conductive material and defining at least a second portion of the side of the housing;
a second intermediate housing element formed from a second dielectric material and positioned at least partially between the second and third housing elements; and
a third intermediate housing element formed from a third dielectric material and positioned at least partially between the third and first housing elements. 26. The electronic device of claim 25, wherein the first housing element, the second housing element, the third housing element, the first intermediate housing element, the second intermediate housing element, and the third intermediate housing element define a closed loop. 27. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein:
the electronic device further comprises an internal platform; the internal platform supports one or more electrical components; and the one or more electrical components are electrically coupled to the first housing element of the housing. 28. The electronic device of claim 21, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are an aluminum material. 29. A portable electronic device comprising:
an electronic circuit; and a housing enclosing the electronic circuit and comprising:
a first conductive element formed from a first metal material and defining a first portion of an external surface of the housing along a corner of the housing, the first conductive element configured to function as an antenna of the portable electronic device;
a second conductive element formed from a second metal material and defining a second portion of the external surface of the housing along a side of the housing; and
an intermediate element formed from a plastic material and positioned at least partially between the first conductive element and the second conductive element. 30. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the first conductive element defines a first internal protrusion; the second conductive element defines a second internal protrusion; and the plastic material of the intermediate element is molded between the first conductive element and the second conductive element and structurally engages with the first and second internal protrusions. 31. The portable electronic device of claim 30, wherein:
the first internal protrusion defines a first recess; the second internal protrusion defines a second recess; and the plastic material of the intermediate element at least partially fills the first and second recesses. 32. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein:
the antenna is a first antenna; and the second conductive element is configured to operate as a second antenna of the portable electronic device. 33. The portable electronic device of claim 29, wherein the first metal material and the second metal material are a steel material. 34. A housing for an electronic device, the housing defining an internal volume and comprising:
a first metal housing component defining a first exterior corner of the housing and configured to operate as an antenna of the electronic device; a second metal housing component defining a second exterior corner of the housing; and a plastic housing component defining a portion of an exterior side of the housing and positioned at least partially between the first metal housing component and the second metal housing component. 35. The housing of claim 34, wherein:
the first metal housing component defines a first chamfer having a first opening; the second metal housing component defines a second chamfer having a second opening; and the plastic housing component at least partially fills the first and second openings. 36. The housing of claim 35, wherein the first and second openings have a cylindrical shape. 37. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component is molded between a gap defined between the first metal housing component and the second metal housing component. 38. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component bonds the first metal housing component to the second metal housing component. 39. The housing of claim 34, wherein the plastic housing component electrically insulates the first metal housing component from the second metal housing component. 40. The housing of claim 34, wherein the first metal housing component, the second metal housing component, and the plastic housing component define at least a portion of a closed loop that defines a continuous external sidewall of the housing. | 1,700 |
349,956 | 350,830 | 16,854,746 | 1,763 | A system and method for the real-time management of a device, and more particularly to the establishment and enforcement of policies or rules associated with the feature or functions that may be performed with the device, such as making and receiving calls, exchanging data, playing games and music, sending and receiving email, accessing web sites, and paying for goods and services. If a child or employee is using the device, there may be a need to regulate how that device can be used and to determine who will pay for what goods or services. In addition to providing all of the features associated with a device, service providers need to be able to establish and enforce rules (policies) regulating how and when that device can be used and who will pay for a good or service requested by the user of the device. | 1. A system for managing computing devices configured to communicate over one or more networks serviced by one or more service providers, the system comprising a memory bearing instructions that, when executed on the system, cause the system to at least:
store a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls at least a use of a feature or function on a computing device, the control comprising allowing and disallowing the use of the feature or function based on a context associated with the computing device, the policy being defined by an administrator and stored remotely from the computing device, and the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; group one or more computing devices in a group; associate the policy with the group; receive, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device in the group to use the feature or function; generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; and enforce the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action that is consistent with the decision and by sending to the computing device data indicative of the action, the action allowing or disallowing the use of the function on the computing device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the group comprises one or more mobile phones. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the feature or function comprises one or more of voice calling, messaging, data surfing, gaming, content accessing, goods purchasing, and service purchasing. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the context comprises one or more of units of value associated with a charge for the use of the feature or function, an identification of a remote computing device that the computing device interacts with when using the feature or function, an identification of a contact associated with a remote computing device that the computing device interacts with when using the feature or function, a type of content received by or sent from the computing device in association with the use of the feature or function. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the group and the policy are defined by the administrator. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises a limit on units of value associated with the use of the feature or function, wherein the decision denies the request when using the feature or function causes the limit to be exceeded. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises a time-based policy, a location-based policy, or a quality of service-based policy. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy is accessible by the administrator via a website, and wherein the website allows the administrator to customize the policy. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises one or more blocked contacts associated with one or more remote computing devices, wherein the decision denies the request when using the feature or function causes the computing device to interact with a remote computing device associated with the one or more blocked contacts. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy controls content that can be sent, received, or used by the computing device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the data indicative of the action comprises a notification to the administrator, a user associated with the computing device, or both the administrator and the user when the decision denies the request. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
allocating, by the second server, a first amount of units of value into an allowance associated with the computing device; and at the second server, decrementing units of value from the allowance or from unallocated service units associated with the policy, based on a rule. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions for managing a computing device configured to be operatively coupled to a network serviced by a service provider, the medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed on a system, cause the system to at least:
manage a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls a feature or function of a computing device, the control comprising allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function, the policy being defined by an administrator and stored remotely from the computing device, the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; associate a plurality of computing devices with a group; associate the policy with the group; receive, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device associated with the group to perform the feature or function, the computing device being associated with a plan managed on the second packet-based network, the plan allowing the feature or function on the network; generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; enforce the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action consistent with the decision, the action allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function; and send to the computing device data indicative of the action. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the policy establishes at least one of a total prohibition, a quantity limit, and a spending limit on content that can be sent, received, or used. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the policy establishes a limit on a type of content that can be sent, received, or used and the limit is determined by a filter that reviews content that can be sent, received, or used. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the filter is established and managed by at least one of the administrator, a third party, and a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 19. A method executed on a computing system, the method comprising:
managing a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls a feature or function of a computing device, the control comprising allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function, the policy being defined by an administrator of the computing device and stored remotely from the computing device, the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; associating a plurality of computing devices with a group; associating the policy with the group; receiving, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device associated with the group to perform the feature or function, the computing device being associated with a plan managed on the second packet-based network, the plan allowing the feature or function on the network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; enforcing the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action consistent with the decision, the action allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function; and sending to the computing device data indicative of the action. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving from a device associated with the administrator first input that defines the policy and means for updating in real-time the policy based on second input received from the device. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
selecting the policy from a set of policies; and associating the policy with the computing device. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the policy comprises a quality of service policy, and wherein disallowing performance of the feature or function comprises degrading the use of the feature or function based on the quality of service policy. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. | A system and method for the real-time management of a device, and more particularly to the establishment and enforcement of policies or rules associated with the feature or functions that may be performed with the device, such as making and receiving calls, exchanging data, playing games and music, sending and receiving email, accessing web sites, and paying for goods and services. If a child or employee is using the device, there may be a need to regulate how that device can be used and to determine who will pay for what goods or services. In addition to providing all of the features associated with a device, service providers need to be able to establish and enforce rules (policies) regulating how and when that device can be used and who will pay for a good or service requested by the user of the device.1. A system for managing computing devices configured to communicate over one or more networks serviced by one or more service providers, the system comprising a memory bearing instructions that, when executed on the system, cause the system to at least:
store a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls at least a use of a feature or function on a computing device, the control comprising allowing and disallowing the use of the feature or function based on a context associated with the computing device, the policy being defined by an administrator and stored remotely from the computing device, and the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; group one or more computing devices in a group; associate the policy with the group; receive, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device in the group to use the feature or function; generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; and enforce the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action that is consistent with the decision and by sending to the computing device data indicative of the action, the action allowing or disallowing the use of the function on the computing device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the group comprises one or more mobile phones. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the feature or function comprises one or more of voice calling, messaging, data surfing, gaming, content accessing, goods purchasing, and service purchasing. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the context comprises one or more of units of value associated with a charge for the use of the feature or function, an identification of a remote computing device that the computing device interacts with when using the feature or function, an identification of a contact associated with a remote computing device that the computing device interacts with when using the feature or function, a type of content received by or sent from the computing device in association with the use of the feature or function. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the group and the policy are defined by the administrator. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises a limit on units of value associated with the use of the feature or function, wherein the decision denies the request when using the feature or function causes the limit to be exceeded. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises a time-based policy, a location-based policy, or a quality of service-based policy. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy is accessible by the administrator via a website, and wherein the website allows the administrator to customize the policy. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy comprises one or more blocked contacts associated with one or more remote computing devices, wherein the decision denies the request when using the feature or function causes the computing device to interact with a remote computing device associated with the one or more blocked contacts. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the policy controls content that can be sent, received, or used by the computing device. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the data indicative of the action comprises a notification to the administrator, a user associated with the computing device, or both the administrator and the user when the decision denies the request. 12. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
allocating, by the second server, a first amount of units of value into an allowance associated with the computing device; and at the second server, decrementing units of value from the allowance or from unallocated service units associated with the policy, based on a rule. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 14. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions for managing a computing device configured to be operatively coupled to a network serviced by a service provider, the medium comprising computer readable instructions that, when executed on a system, cause the system to at least:
manage a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls a feature or function of a computing device, the control comprising allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function, the policy being defined by an administrator and stored remotely from the computing device, the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; associate a plurality of computing devices with a group; associate the policy with the group; receive, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device associated with the group to perform the feature or function, the computing device being associated with a plan managed on the second packet-based network, the plan allowing the feature or function on the network; generate a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; enforce the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action consistent with the decision, the action allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function; and send to the computing device data indicative of the action. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the policy establishes at least one of a total prohibition, a quantity limit, and a spending limit on content that can be sent, received, or used. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the policy establishes a limit on a type of content that can be sent, received, or used and the limit is determined by a filter that reviews content that can be sent, received, or used. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the filter is established and managed by at least one of the administrator, a third party, and a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 14, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. 19. A method executed on a computing system, the method comprising:
managing a policy on a first server on a first packet-based network that controls a feature or function of a computing device, the control comprising allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function, the policy being defined by an administrator of the computing device and stored remotely from the computing device, the feature or function operating on a second server on a second packet-based network; associating a plurality of computing devices with a group; associating the policy with the group; receiving, by the first server, a request sent to or from a computing device associated with the group to perform the feature or function, the computing device being associated with a plan managed on the second packet-based network, the plan allowing the feature or function on the network; generating a real-time decision to grant or deny the request based on the policy stored on the first server; enforcing the decision by sending, by the first server, data indicative of taking an action consistent with the decision, the action allowing or disallowing the computing device to perform the feature or function; and sending to the computing device data indicative of the action. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
receiving from a device associated with the administrator first input that defines the policy and means for updating in real-time the policy based on second input received from the device. 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
selecting the policy from a set of policies; and associating the policy with the computing device. 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the policy comprises a quality of service policy, and wherein disallowing performance of the feature or function comprises degrading the use of the feature or function based on the quality of service policy. 23. The method of claim 19, wherein the feature or function is provided by a service provider operating on the second packet-based network. | 1,700 |
349,957 | 350,831 | 16,854,770 | 1,763 | An integrated circuit structure in which a gate overlies channel region in an active area of a first transistor. The first transistor includes a channel region, a source region and a drain region. A conductive contact is coupled to the drain region of the first transistor. A second transistor that includes a channel region, a source region a drain region is adjacent to the first transistor. The gate of the second transistor is spaced from the gate of the first transistor. A conductive via passes through an insulation layer to electrically connect to the gate of the second transistor. An expanded conductive via overlays both the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect the drain of the first transistor to the gate of the second transistor. | 1. An integrated circuit structure comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor active area overlying the substrate; a first gate overlying a first channel region in the semiconductor active area; a first transistor that includes the first channel region, a first source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the semiconductor active area, a first drain region adjacent to a second side of the first channel region and the first gate; a conductive contact that is directly connected to the first drain region of the first transistor, the conductive contact being a first conductive material; a second gate spaced from the first gate, the second gate directly adjacent to the first drain region of the first transistor; a conductive via that is directly connected to the second gate, the conductive via being a second conductive material; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect them to each other, the expanded conductive via extending in a plane from the conductive contact to the conductive via; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 2. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive contact and the conductive via each have an upper surface coplanar with the plane. 3. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are different. 4. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating structure surrounding the conductive contact. 5. The integrated circuit structure of claim 4, wherein the insulating structure is formed from a first dielectric material and the first electrical insulation layer is formed from a second dielectric material different from the first dielectric material. 6. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a second electrical insulation layer overlying the expanded conductive via and the first electrical insulation layer. 7. The integrated circuit structure of claim 6, further including a conductive wiring layer overlying the first electrical insulation layer. 8. The integrated structure of claim 7, wherein the conductive wiring layer is positioned spaced from the expanded conductive via in contact with the first electrical insulation layer and surrounded by the second electrical insulation layer. 9. The integrated circuit structure of claim 7, wherein the conductive wiring layer is positioned to overlay the second electrical insulation layer. 10. A device, comprising:
a first semiconductor active area; a first gate directly adjacent to the first semiconductor active area; a conductive contact that is electrically coupled to the first semiconductor active area; a conductive via that is directly connected to the first gate; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect them to each other, the expanded conductive via extending in a plane from the conductive contact to the conductive via; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 11. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
an electrical insulating structure surrounding the conductive contact. 12. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a second semiconductor active area; a first channel region formed by the first gate overlying the second semiconductor active area; a first transistor that includes a first channel region, a first source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the second semiconductor active area, a first drain region adjacent to the second side of the first channel region and the first gate. 13. The device of claim 12, further comprising:
a second gate overlying a second channel region of the first semiconductor active region; a second transistor that includes the second channel region, a second source region adjacent to a first side of the second channel region in the second semiconductor active area, a second drain region adjacent to the second side of the second channel region and the second gate, the second drain region of the first semiconductor active area being electrically coupled to the conductive contact. 14. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
a third transistor and a fourth transistor in which the second gate overlays a third channel region of the third transistor and the first gate overlays a fourth channel region of the fourth transistor, and wherein a drain of the third transistor is electrically coupled to the second gate and a drain of the fourth transistor is electrically coupled to the fourth gate to form a pair of cross-coupled inverters that provide an SRAM cell. 15. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor active area; a first gate directly adjacent to the semiconductor active area; a conductive contact that is directly connected to the semiconductor active area, the conductive contact formed of a first conductive material; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and directly contacts the first gate, electrically coupling the semiconductor active area to the first gate, the expanded conductive via formed of a second conductive material; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 16. The device of claim 15, further comprising:
an insulation structure surrounding the conductive contact. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the first conductive material is different than the second conductive material. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the each of the first and second conductive material include tungsten. 19. The device of claim 16, further comprising:
an etch stop layer between the insulation structure and the first electrical insulation layer, the etch stop layer having an opening overlying the first gate. 20. The device of claim 15, further comprising:
a second gate overlying the semiconductor active area forming a channel region; a first transistor that includes the channel region, a source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the semiconductor active area, a drain region adjacent to the second side of the first channel region and the first gate, the drain region being directly connected to the drain region of the semiconductor active area. | An integrated circuit structure in which a gate overlies channel region in an active area of a first transistor. The first transistor includes a channel region, a source region and a drain region. A conductive contact is coupled to the drain region of the first transistor. A second transistor that includes a channel region, a source region a drain region is adjacent to the first transistor. The gate of the second transistor is spaced from the gate of the first transistor. A conductive via passes through an insulation layer to electrically connect to the gate of the second transistor. An expanded conductive via overlays both the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect the drain of the first transistor to the gate of the second transistor.1. An integrated circuit structure comprising:
a substrate; a semiconductor active area overlying the substrate; a first gate overlying a first channel region in the semiconductor active area; a first transistor that includes the first channel region, a first source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the semiconductor active area, a first drain region adjacent to a second side of the first channel region and the first gate; a conductive contact that is directly connected to the first drain region of the first transistor, the conductive contact being a first conductive material; a second gate spaced from the first gate, the second gate directly adjacent to the first drain region of the first transistor; a conductive via that is directly connected to the second gate, the conductive via being a second conductive material; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect them to each other, the expanded conductive via extending in a plane from the conductive contact to the conductive via; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 2. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the conductive contact and the conductive via each have an upper surface coplanar with the plane. 3. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, wherein the first conductive material and the second conductive material are different. 4. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, further comprising:
an insulating structure surrounding the conductive contact. 5. The integrated circuit structure of claim 4, wherein the insulating structure is formed from a first dielectric material and the first electrical insulation layer is formed from a second dielectric material different from the first dielectric material. 6. The integrated circuit structure of claim 1, further comprising:
a second electrical insulation layer overlying the expanded conductive via and the first electrical insulation layer. 7. The integrated circuit structure of claim 6, further including a conductive wiring layer overlying the first electrical insulation layer. 8. The integrated structure of claim 7, wherein the conductive wiring layer is positioned spaced from the expanded conductive via in contact with the first electrical insulation layer and surrounded by the second electrical insulation layer. 9. The integrated circuit structure of claim 7, wherein the conductive wiring layer is positioned to overlay the second electrical insulation layer. 10. A device, comprising:
a first semiconductor active area; a first gate directly adjacent to the first semiconductor active area; a conductive contact that is electrically coupled to the first semiconductor active area; a conductive via that is directly connected to the first gate; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and the conductive via to electrically connect them to each other, the expanded conductive via extending in a plane from the conductive contact to the conductive via; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 11. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
an electrical insulating structure surrounding the conductive contact. 12. The device of claim 10, further comprising:
a second semiconductor active area; a first channel region formed by the first gate overlying the second semiconductor active area; a first transistor that includes a first channel region, a first source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the second semiconductor active area, a first drain region adjacent to the second side of the first channel region and the first gate. 13. The device of claim 12, further comprising:
a second gate overlying a second channel region of the first semiconductor active region; a second transistor that includes the second channel region, a second source region adjacent to a first side of the second channel region in the second semiconductor active area, a second drain region adjacent to the second side of the second channel region and the second gate, the second drain region of the first semiconductor active area being electrically coupled to the conductive contact. 14. The device of claim 13, further comprising:
a third transistor and a fourth transistor in which the second gate overlays a third channel region of the third transistor and the first gate overlays a fourth channel region of the fourth transistor, and wherein a drain of the third transistor is electrically coupled to the second gate and a drain of the fourth transistor is electrically coupled to the fourth gate to form a pair of cross-coupled inverters that provide an SRAM cell. 15. A device, comprising:
a semiconductor active area; a first gate directly adjacent to the semiconductor active area; a conductive contact that is directly connected to the semiconductor active area, the conductive contact formed of a first conductive material; an expanded conductive via that overlays the conductive contact and directly contacts the first gate, electrically coupling the semiconductor active area to the first gate, the expanded conductive via formed of a second conductive material; and a first electrical insulation layer that surrounds the expanded conductive via. 16. The device of claim 15, further comprising:
an insulation structure surrounding the conductive contact. 17. The device of claim 15, wherein the first conductive material is different than the second conductive material. 18. The device of claim 15, wherein the each of the first and second conductive material include tungsten. 19. The device of claim 16, further comprising:
an etch stop layer between the insulation structure and the first electrical insulation layer, the etch stop layer having an opening overlying the first gate. 20. The device of claim 15, further comprising:
a second gate overlying the semiconductor active area forming a channel region; a first transistor that includes the channel region, a source region adjacent to a first side of the first channel region in the semiconductor active area, a drain region adjacent to the second side of the first channel region and the first gate, the drain region being directly connected to the drain region of the semiconductor active area. | 1,700 |
349,958 | 350,832 | 16,854,749 | 1,763 | Systems, methods, apparatus, processes, computer program code and means for conducting transactions are described which allow a first party to a transaction to identify a second party to a transaction. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a token issuing authority and from a merchant server, a payment authorization message, the payment authorization message containing information pertaining to a transaction that involves the merchant server and a device of a customer; determining, by the token issuing authority and based on analyzing the payment authorization message, that a token needs to be provided to the merchant server of the device of the customer for the transaction that involves the merchant server and the device of the customer; providing, by the token issuing authority and in response to the determining, the token, the token containing decoded electronic information that, once decoded, is usable by the device of the customer to identify the token issuing authority; transmitting, by the token issuing authority, the token to the merchant server; after the transmitting, receiving, by the token issuing authority, the token and an authorization response message from a digital wallet issuer server; and processing, by the token issuing authority, the transaction based on the receiving of the token and the authorization response message. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the decoded electronic information comprises a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) that identifies an web address of the token issuing authority. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the URL or the URI further comprises an electronic link to a directory server that provides additional information about the transaction. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising: after the processing of the transaction, causing a generation of an electronic receipt for the transaction. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: transmitting, by the token issuing authority, the electronic receipt to the device of the customer. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the providing the token comprises generating the token by the token issuing authority. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the providing the token comprises identifying or obtaining the token by the token issuing authority from a third party. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the decoded electronic information comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the token issuing authority. 29. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
creating, by the token issuing authority, a transaction record that contains information regarding the transaction; and associating, by the token issuing authority, the transaction record with the token. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the information regarding the transaction comprises an identifier of the merchant server or an amount of the transaction. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the token is electronically displayable on the device of the customer as a machine-readable code. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein the token is wireless transmissible as a Bluetooth signal or as a Near Field Communications (NFC) signal. 34. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a token issuing server and from a merchant server, a request to process a transaction that involves the merchant server and a mobile device of a consumer;
generating, by the token issuing server and in response to the received request, a token that contains decodable information, wherein the decodable information, in response to being decoded, provides an electronic address of the token issuing server;
transmitting, by the token issuing server, the token to the merchant server;
receiving, after the transmitting and from a wallet issuer server, the token and an authorization code associated with the transaction;
identifying the transaction based on at least the received token; and
processing the transaction in response to the identifying. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the operations further comprise: causing an electronic receipt of the transaction to be displayed on a mobile device of the consumer. 36. The system of claim 34, wherein the generating the token comprises generating a machine-readable code that contains the electronic address. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code having embedded therein a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) of the token issuing server. 38. The system of claim 34, wherein the operations further comprise:
creating, by the token issuing server, a transaction record that contains an identifier of the merchant server or an amount of the transaction; and associating, by the token issuing server, the transaction record with the token. 39. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
generating, in response to a request received from a merchant to conduct a transaction, a token that has embedded therein an electronic address of a token issuing entity; creating a transaction record that contains an identifier of the merchant or an amount of the transaction; associating the transaction record with the token; transmitting the token to the merchant in a format of a machine-readable code; receiving, after the transmitting and from a wallet issuer server, the token and a message authorizing the transaction; identifying, based on the receiving, the transaction record that is associated with the token; and processing the transaction in response to the identifying. 40. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 39, wherein:
the electronic address comprises a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) of the token issuing entity; and the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code. | Systems, methods, apparatus, processes, computer program code and means for conducting transactions are described which allow a first party to a transaction to identify a second party to a transaction.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
receiving, by a token issuing authority and from a merchant server, a payment authorization message, the payment authorization message containing information pertaining to a transaction that involves the merchant server and a device of a customer; determining, by the token issuing authority and based on analyzing the payment authorization message, that a token needs to be provided to the merchant server of the device of the customer for the transaction that involves the merchant server and the device of the customer; providing, by the token issuing authority and in response to the determining, the token, the token containing decoded electronic information that, once decoded, is usable by the device of the customer to identify the token issuing authority; transmitting, by the token issuing authority, the token to the merchant server; after the transmitting, receiving, by the token issuing authority, the token and an authorization response message from a digital wallet issuer server; and processing, by the token issuing authority, the transaction based on the receiving of the token and the authorization response message. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the decoded electronic information comprises a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) that identifies an web address of the token issuing authority. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the URL or the URI further comprises an electronic link to a directory server that provides additional information about the transaction. 24. The method of claim 22, further comprising: after the processing of the transaction, causing a generation of an electronic receipt for the transaction. 25. The method of claim 24, further comprising: transmitting, by the token issuing authority, the electronic receipt to the device of the customer. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the providing the token comprises generating the token by the token issuing authority. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the providing the token comprises identifying or obtaining the token by the token issuing authority from a third party. 28. The method of claim 21, wherein the decoded electronic information comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the token issuing authority. 29. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
creating, by the token issuing authority, a transaction record that contains information regarding the transaction; and associating, by the token issuing authority, the transaction record with the token. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein the information regarding the transaction comprises an identifier of the merchant server or an amount of the transaction. 31. The method of claim 21, wherein the token is electronically displayable on the device of the customer as a machine-readable code. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code. 33. The method of claim 21, wherein the token is wireless transmissible as a Bluetooth signal or as a Near Field Communications (NFC) signal. 34. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by a token issuing server and from a merchant server, a request to process a transaction that involves the merchant server and a mobile device of a consumer;
generating, by the token issuing server and in response to the received request, a token that contains decodable information, wherein the decodable information, in response to being decoded, provides an electronic address of the token issuing server;
transmitting, by the token issuing server, the token to the merchant server;
receiving, after the transmitting and from a wallet issuer server, the token and an authorization code associated with the transaction;
identifying the transaction based on at least the received token; and
processing the transaction in response to the identifying. 35. The system of claim 34, wherein the operations further comprise: causing an electronic receipt of the transaction to be displayed on a mobile device of the consumer. 36. The system of claim 34, wherein the generating the token comprises generating a machine-readable code that contains the electronic address. 37. The system of claim 36, wherein the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code having embedded therein a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) of the token issuing server. 38. The system of claim 34, wherein the operations further comprise:
creating, by the token issuing server, a transaction record that contains an identifier of the merchant server or an amount of the transaction; and associating, by the token issuing server, the transaction record with the token. 39. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
generating, in response to a request received from a merchant to conduct a transaction, a token that has embedded therein an electronic address of a token issuing entity; creating a transaction record that contains an identifier of the merchant or an amount of the transaction; associating the transaction record with the token; transmitting the token to the merchant in a format of a machine-readable code; receiving, after the transmitting and from a wallet issuer server, the token and a message authorizing the transaction; identifying, based on the receiving, the transaction record that is associated with the token; and processing the transaction in response to the identifying. 40. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 39, wherein:
the electronic address comprises a Universal Resource Locator (URL) or a Universal Resource Identifier (URI) of the token issuing entity; and the machine-readable code comprises a Quick Response (QR) code. | 1,700 |
349,959 | 350,833 | 16,854,778 | 1,763 | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame, a P lead frame, and an O lead frame each having a body portion and a terminal portion. The O lead frame is located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame. The power card includes a first power device located between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, with a first side coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and a second side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame. The power card includes a second power device located between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, with a first side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and a second side coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame. | 1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device having a first side and a second side and being located between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, the first side coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and the second side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device having a first side and a second side and being located between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the first side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and the second side coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame. 2. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the terminal portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 3. The power card of claim 1, wherein the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie along respective parallel planes, such that current flow through the P lead frame is parallel to current flow through the N lead frame. 4. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame are connected by a bend such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame lie on respective different planes,
wherein the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are connected by a bend such that the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie on respective different planes, and wherein a distance between the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame is greater than a distance between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 5. The power card of claim 4, further comprising an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 6. The power card of claim 1, wherein a width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the first power device and a width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the second power device. 7. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the N lead frame includes an integrated heat spacer protruding vertically outward toward the first power device to create separation for connecting a first signal terminal to the first power device, and
wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an integrated heat spacer protruding vertically outward toward the second power device to create separation for connecting a second signal terminal to the second power device. 8. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an N lead frame having a terminal portion at a first end of the power card,
a P lead frame having a terminal portion at the first end of the power card,
an O lead frame located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame and having a terminal portion at a second end of the power card opposite the first end,
a first power device coupled to the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device coupled to the O lead frame and the P lead frame;
a capacitor having a first end and a second end and being configured to store electrical charge; an N bus bar connecting the terminal portion of the N lead frame to the first end of the capacitor; and a P bus bar connecting the terminal portion of the P lead frame to the second end of the capacitor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie along respective parallel planes, such that current flow through the P lead frame is parallel to current flow through the N lead frame. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the N bus bar has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion connected to the terminal portion of the N lead frame, the second portion connected to the first end of the capacitor, and the first portion and the second portion lying along a first plane. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the P bus bar has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, the first portion connected to the terminal portion of the P lead frame, the third portion connected to the second end of the capacitor, the first portion lying along a second plane parallel to the first plane, the second portion lying along a third plane perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane, and the third portion lying along a fourth plane parallel to the first plane, and the second plane, such that current flow through the first portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow through the first portion of the N bus bar, current flow through the second portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow from the second end of the capacitor to the first end of the capacitor, and current flow through the third portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow through the second portion of the N bus bar. 12. The system of claim 8, further comprising an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein a width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the first power device and a width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the second power device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein a width of the N bus bar is greater than the width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame and a width of the P bus bar is greater than the width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame. 15. The system of claim 8, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the N lead frame. 16. A method of manufacturing a power card, the method comprising:
fabricating an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; fabricating a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; fabricating an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; coupling a first power device to the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame, a first side of the first power device coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and a second side of the first power device coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame; and coupling a second power device to the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, a first side of the second power device coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and a second side of the second power device coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein coupling the first power device to the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame, and coupling the second power device to the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame comprises orienting the N lead frame, the O lead frame, and the P lead frame such that the terminal portion of the O lead frame is at a first end of the power card and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at a second end of the power card. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein fabricating the P lead frame comprises connecting the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame by a bend such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame lie on respective different planes, and
wherein fabricating the N lead frame comprises connecting the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame by a bend such that the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie on respective different planes, such that a distance between the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame is greater than a distance between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising disposing an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
connecting a first signal terminal to the first power device using solder balls; and connecting a second signal terminal to the second power device using solder balls. | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame, a P lead frame, and an O lead frame each having a body portion and a terminal portion. The O lead frame is located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame. The power card includes a first power device located between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, with a first side coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and a second side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame. The power card includes a second power device located between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, with a first side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and a second side coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame.1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device having a first side and a second side and being located between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, the first side coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and the second side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device having a first side and a second side and being located between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the first side coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and the second side coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame. 2. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a first end and a second end, the second end being opposite the first end, and
wherein the terminal portion of the O lead frame is at the first end and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at the second end. 3. The power card of claim 1, wherein the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie along respective parallel planes, such that current flow through the P lead frame is parallel to current flow through the N lead frame. 4. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame are connected by a bend such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame lie on respective different planes,
wherein the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are connected by a bend such that the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie on respective different planes, and wherein a distance between the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame is greater than a distance between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 5. The power card of claim 4, further comprising an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 6. The power card of claim 1, wherein a width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the first power device and a width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the second power device. 7. The power card of claim 1, wherein the body portion of the N lead frame includes an integrated heat spacer protruding vertically outward toward the first power device to create separation for connecting a first signal terminal to the first power device, and
wherein the body portion of the O lead frame includes an integrated heat spacer protruding vertically outward toward the second power device to create separation for connecting a second signal terminal to the second power device. 8. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an N lead frame having a terminal portion at a first end of the power card,
a P lead frame having a terminal portion at the first end of the power card,
an O lead frame located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame and having a terminal portion at a second end of the power card opposite the first end,
a first power device coupled to the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device coupled to the O lead frame and the P lead frame;
a capacitor having a first end and a second end and being configured to store electrical charge; an N bus bar connecting the terminal portion of the N lead frame to the first end of the capacitor; and a P bus bar connecting the terminal portion of the P lead frame to the second end of the capacitor. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie along respective parallel planes, such that current flow through the P lead frame is parallel to current flow through the N lead frame. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the N bus bar has a first portion and a second portion, the first portion connected to the terminal portion of the N lead frame, the second portion connected to the first end of the capacitor, and the first portion and the second portion lying along a first plane. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the P bus bar has a first portion, a second portion, and a third portion, the first portion connected to the terminal portion of the P lead frame, the third portion connected to the second end of the capacitor, the first portion lying along a second plane parallel to the first plane, the second portion lying along a third plane perpendicular to the first plane and the second plane, and the third portion lying along a fourth plane parallel to the first plane, and the second plane, such that current flow through the first portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow through the first portion of the N bus bar, current flow through the second portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow from the second end of the capacitor to the first end of the capacitor, and current flow through the third portion of the P bus bar is parallel to current flow through the second portion of the N bus bar. 12. The system of claim 8, further comprising an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 13. The system of claim 8, wherein a width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the first power device and a width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame is greater than or equal to a width of the second power device. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein a width of the N bus bar is greater than the width of the terminal portion of the N lead frame and a width of the P bus bar is greater than the width of the terminal portion of the P lead frame. 15. The system of claim 8, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the N lead frame. 16. A method of manufacturing a power card, the method comprising:
fabricating an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; fabricating a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; fabricating an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; coupling a first power device to the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame, a first side of the first power device coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame and a second side of the first power device coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame; and coupling a second power device to the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, a first side of the second power device coupled to the body portion of the O lead frame and a second side of the second power device coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein coupling the first power device to the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame, and coupling the second power device to the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame comprises orienting the N lead frame, the O lead frame, and the P lead frame such that the terminal portion of the O lead frame is at a first end of the power card and the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame are at a second end of the power card. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein fabricating the P lead frame comprises connecting the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame by a bend such that the body portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the P lead frame lie on respective different planes, and
wherein fabricating the N lead frame comprises connecting the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame by a bend such that the body portion of the N lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame lie on respective different planes, such that a distance between the body portion of the P lead frame and the body portion of the N lead frame is greater than a distance between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising disposing an insulator located between the terminal portion of the P lead frame and the terminal portion of the N lead frame. 20. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
connecting a first signal terminal to the first power device using solder balls; and connecting a second signal terminal to the second power device using solder balls. | 1,700 |
349,960 | 350,834 | 16,854,796 | 1,763 | Methods and systems are provided for an oxygen sensor included in a medical gas flow device, such as an anesthesia machine. In one embodiment, a method for a medical gas flow device comprises tracking an output voltage of an oxygen sensor during calibration over time, and, responsive to the output voltage decreasing by at least threshold amount from an initial calibration output voltage, estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor and outputting a replacement notification. | 1. A method for a medical gas flow device, comprising:
tracking an output of an oxygen sensor during calibration over time; and responsive to the output decreasing by at least a threshold amount from an initial calibration output, estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor and outputting a replacement notification. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tracking the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration over time includes calibrating the oxygen sensor at a first oxygen concentration at a first frequency and calibrating the oxygen sensor at a second oxygen concentration at a second frequency, less than the first frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first oxygen concentration is less than the second oxygen concentration, and wherein tracking the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration over time further includes:
while flowing a first gas having the first oxygen concentration through the medical gas flow device, obtaining high frequency sensor readings and recording the output of the oxygen sensor as a first oxygen concentration calibration measurement responsive to the output of the oxygen sensor stabilizing during the high frequency sensor readings; and while flowing a second gas having the second oxygen concentration through the medical gas flow device, obtaining the high frequency sensor readings and recording the output of the oxygen sensor as a second oxygen concentration calibration measurement responsive to the output of the oxygen sensor stabilizing during the high frequency sensor readings. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein estimating the end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor includes averaging a first end-of-life date determined based on the first oxygen concentration calibration measurement and a second end-of-life date determined based on the second oxygen concentration calibration measurement. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the end-of-life date is a date at which the output of the oxygen sensor decreases to zero, and estimating the end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor comprises:
determining a rate of change in the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration; and extrapolating the end-of-life date using the rate of change. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the rate of change in the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration comprises:
determining a difference between the output of the oxygen sensor at a current calibration time point and the output of the oxygen sensor at a prior calibration time point immediately before the current calibration time point; and dividing the difference by an amount of time between the prior calibration time point and the current calibration time point. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein outputting the replacement notification comprises:
outputting a first notification having a lower priority responsive to the end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration; and outputting a second notification having a higher priority responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first notification includes only a visual message, and the second notification includes the visual message and an audible message. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating the end-of-life date to a remote monitoring server communicatively coupled to the medical gas flow device. 10. A method for an anesthesia machine, comprising:
calibrating an oxygen sensor, including obtaining an oxygen sensor reading at one or more concentrations of oxygen; estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor responsive the oxygen sensor reading being at least a threshold amount from an initial calibration reading; outputting a first replacement notification responsive to the end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration; and outputting a second replacement notification responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the oxygen sensor reading at one or more concentrations of oxygen comprises obtaining a first oxygen sensor reading at a first concentration of oxygen and a second oxygen sensor reading at a second concentration of oxygen, greater than the first concentration of oxygen. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein estimating the end-of-life date comprises:
estimating a first end-of-life date based on a first rate of change in the first oxygen sensor reading between a current calibration and a most recent previous calibration at the first concentration of oxygen; estimating a second end-of-life date based on a second rate of change in the second oxygen sensor reading between the current calibration and a most recent previous calibration at the second concentration of oxygen; and determining the end-of-life date based on at least one of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the end-of-life date based on at least one of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date includes one of selecting the first end-of-life date, averaging the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date, and performing a weighted average of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the threshold amount is a pre-determined percentage of the initial calibration reading. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein outputting the first replacement notification includes outputting a visual message to a display, and outputting the second replacement notification includes outputting the visual message to the display and outputting an audible alert via a speaker. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration, submitting an oxygen sensor replacement order to a remote server. 17. A system for a medical gas flow device, comprising:
an inspiratory flow passage configured to flow gas from a gas source to a patient breathing circuit; an oxygen sensor positioned in the inspiratory flow passage; and a controller including instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
record an output voltage of the oxygen sensor during a calibration routine performed at a pre-determined frequency; and
monitor depletion of the oxygen sensor by tracking the output voltage recorded during the calibration routine over time. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the oxygen sensor is an electro-galvanic oxygen sensor comprising an anode and a cathode bathed in an electrolyte, the electrolyte electrically coupling the anode to the cathode, and a measurement circuit electrically coupled to the anode and the cathode. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein to monitor the depletion of the oxygen sensor by tracking the output voltage recorded during the calibration routine over time, the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
extrapolate an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor based on a change in the output voltage between contiguous executions of the calibration routine responsive to the output voltage decreasing by a threshold from an initial output voltage of the oxygen sensor recorded during a first calibration routine. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a human-machine interface communicatively coupled to the controller, the human-machine interface including a display and a speaker, and wherein the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
output a lower priority oxygen sensor replacement notification via the human-machine interface responsive to the extrapolated end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration, the lower priority oxygen sensor replacement notification including text-based instructions displayed on the display; and output a higher priority oxygen sensor replacement notification via the human-machine interface responsive to the extrapolated end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration, the higher priority oxygen sensor replacement notification including both text-based instructions displayed on the display and an audible message communicated via the speaker. | Methods and systems are provided for an oxygen sensor included in a medical gas flow device, such as an anesthesia machine. In one embodiment, a method for a medical gas flow device comprises tracking an output voltage of an oxygen sensor during calibration over time, and, responsive to the output voltage decreasing by at least threshold amount from an initial calibration output voltage, estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor and outputting a replacement notification.1. A method for a medical gas flow device, comprising:
tracking an output of an oxygen sensor during calibration over time; and responsive to the output decreasing by at least a threshold amount from an initial calibration output, estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor and outputting a replacement notification. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein tracking the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration over time includes calibrating the oxygen sensor at a first oxygen concentration at a first frequency and calibrating the oxygen sensor at a second oxygen concentration at a second frequency, less than the first frequency. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first oxygen concentration is less than the second oxygen concentration, and wherein tracking the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration over time further includes:
while flowing a first gas having the first oxygen concentration through the medical gas flow device, obtaining high frequency sensor readings and recording the output of the oxygen sensor as a first oxygen concentration calibration measurement responsive to the output of the oxygen sensor stabilizing during the high frequency sensor readings; and while flowing a second gas having the second oxygen concentration through the medical gas flow device, obtaining the high frequency sensor readings and recording the output of the oxygen sensor as a second oxygen concentration calibration measurement responsive to the output of the oxygen sensor stabilizing during the high frequency sensor readings. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein estimating the end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor includes averaging a first end-of-life date determined based on the first oxygen concentration calibration measurement and a second end-of-life date determined based on the second oxygen concentration calibration measurement. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the end-of-life date is a date at which the output of the oxygen sensor decreases to zero, and estimating the end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor comprises:
determining a rate of change in the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration; and extrapolating the end-of-life date using the rate of change. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the rate of change in the output of the oxygen sensor during the calibration comprises:
determining a difference between the output of the oxygen sensor at a current calibration time point and the output of the oxygen sensor at a prior calibration time point immediately before the current calibration time point; and dividing the difference by an amount of time between the prior calibration time point and the current calibration time point. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein outputting the replacement notification comprises:
outputting a first notification having a lower priority responsive to the end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration; and outputting a second notification having a higher priority responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first notification includes only a visual message, and the second notification includes the visual message and an audible message. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising communicating the end-of-life date to a remote monitoring server communicatively coupled to the medical gas flow device. 10. A method for an anesthesia machine, comprising:
calibrating an oxygen sensor, including obtaining an oxygen sensor reading at one or more concentrations of oxygen; estimating an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor responsive the oxygen sensor reading being at least a threshold amount from an initial calibration reading; outputting a first replacement notification responsive to the end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration; and outputting a second replacement notification responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the oxygen sensor reading at one or more concentrations of oxygen comprises obtaining a first oxygen sensor reading at a first concentration of oxygen and a second oxygen sensor reading at a second concentration of oxygen, greater than the first concentration of oxygen. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein estimating the end-of-life date comprises:
estimating a first end-of-life date based on a first rate of change in the first oxygen sensor reading between a current calibration and a most recent previous calibration at the first concentration of oxygen; estimating a second end-of-life date based on a second rate of change in the second oxygen sensor reading between the current calibration and a most recent previous calibration at the second concentration of oxygen; and determining the end-of-life date based on at least one of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein determining the end-of-life date based on at least one of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date includes one of selecting the first end-of-life date, averaging the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date, and performing a weighted average of the first end-of-life date and the second end-of-life date. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the threshold amount is a pre-determined percentage of the initial calibration reading. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein outputting the first replacement notification includes outputting a visual message to a display, and outputting the second replacement notification includes outputting the visual message to the display and outputting an audible alert via a speaker. 16. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
responsive to the end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration, submitting an oxygen sensor replacement order to a remote server. 17. A system for a medical gas flow device, comprising:
an inspiratory flow passage configured to flow gas from a gas source to a patient breathing circuit; an oxygen sensor positioned in the inspiratory flow passage; and a controller including instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
record an output voltage of the oxygen sensor during a calibration routine performed at a pre-determined frequency; and
monitor depletion of the oxygen sensor by tracking the output voltage recorded during the calibration routine over time. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the oxygen sensor is an electro-galvanic oxygen sensor comprising an anode and a cathode bathed in an electrolyte, the electrolyte electrically coupling the anode to the cathode, and a measurement circuit electrically coupled to the anode and the cathode. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein to monitor the depletion of the oxygen sensor by tracking the output voltage recorded during the calibration routine over time, the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
extrapolate an end-of-life date of the oxygen sensor based on a change in the output voltage between contiguous executions of the calibration routine responsive to the output voltage decreasing by a threshold from an initial output voltage of the oxygen sensor recorded during a first calibration routine. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a human-machine interface communicatively coupled to the controller, the human-machine interface including a display and a speaker, and wherein the controller includes further instructions stored in non-transitory memory that, when executed, cause the controller to:
output a lower priority oxygen sensor replacement notification via the human-machine interface responsive to the extrapolated end-of-life date being greater than a threshold duration, the lower priority oxygen sensor replacement notification including text-based instructions displayed on the display; and output a higher priority oxygen sensor replacement notification via the human-machine interface responsive to the extrapolated end-of-life date being less than the threshold duration, the higher priority oxygen sensor replacement notification including both text-based instructions displayed on the display and an audible message communicated via the speaker. | 1,700 |
349,961 | 350,835 | 16,854,773 | 1,763 | A display apparatus includes: a first substrate and a display unit. The display unit includes a display region and a transmissive region. The display unit further includes: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region and at least a portion of the transmissive region. The auxiliary layer includes a first material, the second electrode includes a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below: <Equation 1> ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2, wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. | 1. A display apparatus comprising: a first substrate and a display unit,
wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, the display unit further comprises: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region only, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is absent from the transmissive region. 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein ST1 is greater than about 0 mJ/m2 and about 30 mJ/m2 or less. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises about 20 at % or more of fluorine. 5. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises a fluorine-containing silane compound, a fluorine-based polymer compound, or any combination thereof. 6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), indium (In), or any combination thereof. 7. A display apparatus comprising: a first substrate and a display unit,
wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, the display unit further comprises: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region and at least a portion of the transmissive region, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 8. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region and all of the transmissive region,
a first portion of the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region, a second portion of the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region, and a thickness of the first portion (T1) and a thickness of the second portion (T2) each satisfy Equation 2 below:
T 1 >T 2. <Equation 2> 9. The display apparatus of claim 8, wherein T2 is greater than about 0 nm and about 1 nm or less. 10. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region and a portion of the transmissive region,
wherein a portion of the second electrode disposed in correspondence with the portion of the transmissive region comprises a plurality of particles comprising the second material. 11. The display apparatus of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the portion of the second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region is greater than an average diameter of the plurality of particles. 12. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein ST1 is greater than about 0 mJ/m2 and about 30 mJ/m2 or less. 13. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first material comprises about 20 at % or more of fluorine. 14. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first material comprises a fluorine-containing silane compound, a fluorine-based polymer compound, or any combination thereof. 15. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second material comprises magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), indium (In), or any combination thereof. 16. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer, and
the intermediate layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. 17. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a first substrate; and providing a display unit on the first substrate, wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, wherein the providing of the display unit comprises: providing an auxiliary layer on the transmissive region only; and providing a second electrode on the display region or on both the display region and the transmissive region, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, the first material and the second material each satisfy Formula 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second electrode is provided by depositing the second material by using an open mask. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer,
the intermediate layer is provided on the first electrode, the auxiliary layer is provided on the transmissive region only, and then, the second electrode is provided on the intermediate layer or on both the intermediate layer and the auxiliary layer. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer,
wherein the auxiliary layer is provided on the transmissive region only, and then, the intermediate layer is provided on the first electrode, and the second electrode is provided on the intermediate layer or on both the intermediate layer and the auxiliary layer. | A display apparatus includes: a first substrate and a display unit. The display unit includes a display region and a transmissive region. The display unit further includes: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region and at least a portion of the transmissive region. The auxiliary layer includes a first material, the second electrode includes a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below: <Equation 1> ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2, wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C.1. A display apparatus comprising: a first substrate and a display unit,
wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, the display unit further comprises: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region only, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 2. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is absent from the transmissive region. 3. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein ST1 is greater than about 0 mJ/m2 and about 30 mJ/m2 or less. 4. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises about 20 at % or more of fluorine. 5. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first material comprises a fluorine-containing silane compound, a fluorine-based polymer compound, or any combination thereof. 6. The display apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second material comprises magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), indium (In), or any combination thereof. 7. A display apparatus comprising: a first substrate and a display unit,
wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, the display unit further comprises: an auxiliary layer disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region; and a second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region and at least a portion of the transmissive region, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, and the first material and the second material each satisfy Equation 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 8. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region and all of the transmissive region,
a first portion of the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region, a second portion of the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the transmissive region, and a thickness of the first portion (T1) and a thickness of the second portion (T2) each satisfy Equation 2 below:
T 1 >T 2. <Equation 2> 9. The display apparatus of claim 8, wherein T2 is greater than about 0 nm and about 1 nm or less. 10. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second electrode is disposed in correspondence with the display region and a portion of the transmissive region,
wherein a portion of the second electrode disposed in correspondence with the portion of the transmissive region comprises a plurality of particles comprising the second material. 11. The display apparatus of claim 10, wherein a thickness of the portion of the second electrode disposed in correspondence with the display region is greater than an average diameter of the plurality of particles. 12. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein ST1 is greater than about 0 mJ/m2 and about 30 mJ/m2 or less. 13. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first material comprises about 20 at % or more of fluorine. 14. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the first material comprises a fluorine-containing silane compound, a fluorine-based polymer compound, or any combination thereof. 15. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the second material comprises magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), lithium (Li), calcium (Ca), indium (In), or any combination thereof. 16. The display apparatus of claim 7, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer, and
the intermediate layer is disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. 17. A method of manufacturing a display apparatus, the method comprising:
providing a first substrate; and providing a display unit on the first substrate, wherein the display unit comprises a display region and a transmissive region, wherein the providing of the display unit comprises: providing an auxiliary layer on the transmissive region only; and providing a second electrode on the display region or on both the display region and the transmissive region, the auxiliary layer comprises a first material, the second electrode comprises a second material, the first material and the second material each satisfy Formula 1 below:
ST2−ST1>0 mJ/m2 <Equation 1>
wherein, in Equation 1, ST1 is a surface energy of the first material at 25° C., and ST2 is a surface energy of the second material at 25° C. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second electrode is provided by depositing the second material by using an open mask. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer,
the intermediate layer is provided on the first electrode, the auxiliary layer is provided on the transmissive region only, and then, the second electrode is provided on the intermediate layer or on both the intermediate layer and the auxiliary layer. 20. The method of claim 17, wherein the display apparatus further comprises a first electrode and an intermediate layer,
wherein the auxiliary layer is provided on the transmissive region only, and then, the intermediate layer is provided on the first electrode, and the second electrode is provided on the intermediate layer or on both the intermediate layer and the auxiliary layer. | 1,700 |
349,962 | 350,836 | 16,854,786 | 1,763 | Methods of labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms using functionalized Buckyballs are provided herein. The invention further provides methods for imaging or inhibiting gene expression using functionalized Buckyballs of the invention. The invention also provides a system for labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms. | 1-31. (canceled) 32. A method of inhibiting gene expression in a living microorganism, the method comprising:
a) functionalizing a Buckminsterfullerene molecule with one or more RNA oligonucleotides complementary to one or more mRNA segments of interest corresponding to a gene of interest; b) hybridizing the one or more RNA oligonucleotides to one or more complementary protecting layers comprising segments of DNA or RNA and optionally a detectable label; and c) contacting the sample with the functionalized Buckminsterfullerene molecule for a period of time; wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides hybridize with free mRNA in the cytoplasm, preventing transcription and gene expression; and wherein, the detectable label, if present, is not detected when the protecting layers are hybridized to the one or more RNA oligonucleotides and the detectable label is detected when the protecting layers are not hybridized. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are selected by bioinformatics analysis. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the protecting layers are about 75% complementary to the corresponding RNA oligonucleotides. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are each independently about 80% to a 100% complementary to the corresponding species specific signature RNA sequences. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides each independently comprise about 20 to about 50 individual nucleotides. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are siRNA oligonucleotides. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the Buckminsterfullerene molecule is selected from the group consisting of C60 Buckminsterfullerene, C70 Buckminsterfullerene and C60-pyrrolidine tris acid Buckminsterfullerene. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the detectable label is from the group consisting of a fluorescent tag, a radioactive isotope, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, and a peptide. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the detectable label is selected from the group consisting of glycine, tryptophan, arginine, cysteine, fBSA, 14C, 125I, and cy3/6-FAM. 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the detectable label is detected using a method selected from the group consisting of autoradiography, fluorescence microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM and fluorescent spectroscopy. 42. The method of claim 32, wherein the method does not require sample fixation. 43. The method of claim 32, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists. 44. The method of claim 32, wherein the microorganism internalizes the functionalized Buckminsterfullerene. 45. The method of claim 32, wherein biological processes can be monitored and profiled by dynamic visualization of mRNA expression. 46-73. (canceled) | Methods of labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms using functionalized Buckyballs are provided herein. The invention further provides methods for imaging or inhibiting gene expression using functionalized Buckyballs of the invention. The invention also provides a system for labeling, identifying and differentiating microorganisms.1-31. (canceled) 32. A method of inhibiting gene expression in a living microorganism, the method comprising:
a) functionalizing a Buckminsterfullerene molecule with one or more RNA oligonucleotides complementary to one or more mRNA segments of interest corresponding to a gene of interest; b) hybridizing the one or more RNA oligonucleotides to one or more complementary protecting layers comprising segments of DNA or RNA and optionally a detectable label; and c) contacting the sample with the functionalized Buckminsterfullerene molecule for a period of time; wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides hybridize with free mRNA in the cytoplasm, preventing transcription and gene expression; and wherein, the detectable label, if present, is not detected when the protecting layers are hybridized to the one or more RNA oligonucleotides and the detectable label is detected when the protecting layers are not hybridized. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are selected by bioinformatics analysis. 34. The method of claim 32, wherein the protecting layers are about 75% complementary to the corresponding RNA oligonucleotides. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are each independently about 80% to a 100% complementary to the corresponding species specific signature RNA sequences. 36. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides each independently comprise about 20 to about 50 individual nucleotides. 37. The method of claim 32, wherein the one or more RNA oligonucleotides are siRNA oligonucleotides. 38. The method of claim 32, wherein the Buckminsterfullerene molecule is selected from the group consisting of C60 Buckminsterfullerene, C70 Buckminsterfullerene and C60-pyrrolidine tris acid Buckminsterfullerene. 39. The method of claim 32, wherein the detectable label is from the group consisting of a fluorescent tag, a radioactive isotope, an amino acid, a nucleic acid, and a peptide. 40. The method of claim 39, wherein the detectable label is selected from the group consisting of glycine, tryptophan, arginine, cysteine, fBSA, 14C, 125I, and cy3/6-FAM. 41. The method of claim 32, wherein the detectable label is detected using a method selected from the group consisting of autoradiography, fluorescence microscopy, X-ray fluorescence microscopy, UV-vis spectroscopy, TEM and fluorescent spectroscopy. 42. The method of claim 32, wherein the method does not require sample fixation. 43. The method of claim 32, wherein the microorganism is selected from the group consisting of bacteria, fungi, archaea and protists. 44. The method of claim 32, wherein the microorganism internalizes the functionalized Buckminsterfullerene. 45. The method of claim 32, wherein biological processes can be monitored and profiled by dynamic visualization of mRNA expression. 46-73. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,963 | 350,837 | 16,854,782 | 1,763 | An assembly comprising a drive gear coupled to a shaft and a dial. The drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial. The assembly includes a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated. The assembly includes a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member. The assembly includes a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis and for selecting at least a position corresponding to the first linking member that causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member. | 1. An assembly comprising:
a dial; a shaft coupled to the dial; a drive gear coupled to the shaft, wherein the drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial; a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate along the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis; a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member; a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis, the linking member selector comprising:
a handle for rotating the linking member selector and selecting at least a position corresponding to the first linking member; and
a cylindrical body integrally formed with the handle, wherein the cylindrical body includes (i) an aperture along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body and (ii) at least one protrusion configured to exert a force on the first linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the position corresponding to the first linking member, wherein the force on the first linking member causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member, wherein the aperture is configured to receive the shaft. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member is based on a linear movement of the first linking member from a first position along the second axis to a second position along the second axis. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion includes a first protrusion configured to exert a force on the first linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the position corresponding to the first linking member, wherein the at least one protrusion includes a second protrusion, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a third linking member located along a third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the third axis is perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis; a fourth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises a first position corresponding to the first linking member and a second position corresponding to the third linking member, wherein the second protrusion is configured to exert a force on the third linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the second position, wherein the force on the third linking member causes the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member is based on a linear movement of the third linking member from a first position along the third axis to a second position along the third axis. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a fifth linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; a sixth linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises the first position corresponding to the first linking member, the second position corresponding to the third linking member, and a third position corresponding to the fifth linking member, wherein the first protrusion is configured to exert a force on the fifth linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the third position, wherein the force on the fifth linking member causes the coupling between the fifth linking member and the sixth linking member. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the coupling between the fifth linking member and the sixth linking member is based on a linear movement of the fifth linking member from a third position along the second axis to a fourth position along the second axis. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a seventh linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; an eighth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises the first position corresponding to the first linking member, the second position corresponding to the third linking member, the third position corresponding to the fifth linking member, and a fourth position corresponding to the seventh linking member, wherein the second protrusion is configured to exert a force on the seventh linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the fourth position, wherein the force on the seventh linking member causes the coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member is based on a linear movement of the seventh linking member from a third position along the third axis to a fourth position along the third axis. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a post configured to attach the assembly to an external arm, wherein the post is located along a fourth axis parallel and offset to the first axis. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the assembly further comprises:
locking teeth secured to the assembly at a first end of the post. 11. An assembly comprising:
a dial; a shaft coupled to the dial; a drive gear coupled to the shaft, wherein the drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial; a plurality of linking members comprising:
a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis;
a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member;
a third linking member located along a third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the third axis is perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis; and
a fourth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member;
a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis, the linking member selector comprising:
a handle for rotating the linking member selector and selecting a position of a plurality of positions corresponding to the plurality of the linking members; and
a cylindrical body integrally formed with the handle, wherein the cylindrical body includes (i) an aperture along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body and (ii) at least one protrusion configured to exert a force on at least one of the plurality of linking members based on selection, via the handle, of the position of the plurality of positions corresponding to the first linking member and the third linking member, wherein the aperture is configured to receive the shaft. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the force exerted by the at least one protrusion causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member based on selection, via the handle, of a first position of the plurality of positions. 13. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the force exerted by the at least one protrusion causes the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member based on selection, via the handle, of a second position of the plurality of positions. 14. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the first linking member comprises:
a first gear located along the second axis and configured to rotate based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; and a first locking element associated with the first gear. 15. The assembly of claim 14, wherein the second linking member comprises:
a second locking element configured to interlock with or disengage from the first locking element, wherein the second locking element is configured to interlock with the first locking element based on a linear movement of the first linking member from a first position along the second axis to a second position along the second axis, wherein the second locking element is configured to disengage from the first locking element based on a linear movement of the first linking member from the second position along the second axis to the first position along the second axis. 16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the assembly further compromises:
a first spring interposed between the first linking member and the second linking member, and a second spring interposed between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. 17. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a post configured to attach the assembly to an external arm, wherein the post is located along a fourth axis parallel and offset to the first axis. 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a locking element secured to the assembly at a first end of the post. 19. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the second linking member comprises a leadscrew configured to translate a rotational movement into a linear movement based on rotation of the drive gear and the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member. 20. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the fourth linking member comprises a leadscrew configured to translate a rotational movement into a linear movement based on rotation of the drive gear and the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. | An assembly comprising a drive gear coupled to a shaft and a dial. The drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial. The assembly includes a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated. The assembly includes a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member. The assembly includes a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis and for selecting at least a position corresponding to the first linking member that causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member.1. An assembly comprising:
a dial; a shaft coupled to the dial; a drive gear coupled to the shaft, wherein the drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial; a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate along the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis; a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member; a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis, the linking member selector comprising:
a handle for rotating the linking member selector and selecting at least a position corresponding to the first linking member; and
a cylindrical body integrally formed with the handle, wherein the cylindrical body includes (i) an aperture along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body and (ii) at least one protrusion configured to exert a force on the first linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the position corresponding to the first linking member, wherein the force on the first linking member causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member, wherein the aperture is configured to receive the shaft. 2. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member is based on a linear movement of the first linking member from a first position along the second axis to a second position along the second axis. 3. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the at least one protrusion includes a first protrusion configured to exert a force on the first linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the position corresponding to the first linking member, wherein the at least one protrusion includes a second protrusion, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a third linking member located along a third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the third axis is perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis; a fourth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises a first position corresponding to the first linking member and a second position corresponding to the third linking member, wherein the second protrusion is configured to exert a force on the third linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the second position, wherein the force on the third linking member causes the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. 4. The assembly of claim 3, wherein the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member is based on a linear movement of the third linking member from a first position along the third axis to a second position along the third axis. 5. The assembly of claim 4, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a fifth linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; a sixth linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises the first position corresponding to the first linking member, the second position corresponding to the third linking member, and a third position corresponding to the fifth linking member, wherein the first protrusion is configured to exert a force on the fifth linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the third position, wherein the force on the fifth linking member causes the coupling between the fifth linking member and the sixth linking member. 6. The assembly of claim 5, wherein the coupling between the fifth linking member and the sixth linking member is based on a linear movement of the fifth linking member from a third position along the second axis to a fourth position along the second axis. 7. The assembly of claim 6, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a seventh linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; an eighth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member, wherein the at least a position corresponding to the first linking member comprises the first position corresponding to the first linking member, the second position corresponding to the third linking member, the third position corresponding to the fifth linking member, and a fourth position corresponding to the seventh linking member, wherein the second protrusion is configured to exert a force on the seventh linking member based on selection, via the handle, of the fourth position, wherein the force on the seventh linking member causes the coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member. 8. The assembly of claim 7, wherein the coupling between the seventh linking member and the eighth linking member is based on a linear movement of the seventh linking member from a third position along the third axis to a fourth position along the third axis. 9. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a post configured to attach the assembly to an external arm, wherein the post is located along a fourth axis parallel and offset to the first axis. 10. The assembly of claim 9, wherein the assembly further comprises:
locking teeth secured to the assembly at a first end of the post. 11. An assembly comprising:
a dial; a shaft coupled to the dial; a drive gear coupled to the shaft, wherein the drive gear is configured to rotate along a first axis based on movement of the dial; a plurality of linking members comprising:
a first linking member located along a second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis;
a second linking member located along the second axis and configured to rotate about the second axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member;
a third linking member located along a third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated, wherein the third axis is perpendicular to the first axis and the second axis; and
a fourth linking member located along the third axis and configured to rotate about the third axis based on rotation of the drive gear and a coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member;
a linking member selector configured to rotate about the first axis, the linking member selector comprising:
a handle for rotating the linking member selector and selecting a position of a plurality of positions corresponding to the plurality of the linking members; and
a cylindrical body integrally formed with the handle, wherein the cylindrical body includes (i) an aperture along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body and (ii) at least one protrusion configured to exert a force on at least one of the plurality of linking members based on selection, via the handle, of the position of the plurality of positions corresponding to the first linking member and the third linking member, wherein the aperture is configured to receive the shaft. 12. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the force exerted by the at least one protrusion causes the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member based on selection, via the handle, of a first position of the plurality of positions. 13. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the force exerted by the at least one protrusion causes the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member based on selection, via the handle, of a second position of the plurality of positions. 14. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the first linking member comprises:
a first gear located along the second axis and configured to rotate based on contact with the drive gear as the drive gear is rotated; and a first locking element associated with the first gear. 15. The assembly of claim 14, wherein the second linking member comprises:
a second locking element configured to interlock with or disengage from the first locking element, wherein the second locking element is configured to interlock with the first locking element based on a linear movement of the first linking member from a first position along the second axis to a second position along the second axis, wherein the second locking element is configured to disengage from the first locking element based on a linear movement of the first linking member from the second position along the second axis to the first position along the second axis. 16. The assembly of claim 15, wherein the assembly further compromises:
a first spring interposed between the first linking member and the second linking member, and a second spring interposed between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. 17. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a post configured to attach the assembly to an external arm, wherein the post is located along a fourth axis parallel and offset to the first axis. 18. The assembly of claim 17, wherein the assembly further comprises:
a locking element secured to the assembly at a first end of the post. 19. The assembly of claim 11, wherein the second linking member comprises a leadscrew configured to translate a rotational movement into a linear movement based on rotation of the drive gear and the coupling between the first linking member and the second linking member. 20. The assembly of claim 19, wherein the fourth linking member comprises a leadscrew configured to translate a rotational movement into a linear movement based on rotation of the drive gear and the coupling between the third linking member and the fourth linking member. | 1,700 |
349,964 | 350,838 | 16,854,771 | 1,763 | An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more antennas. The antennas may include phased antenna arrays each of which includes multiple antenna elements. Phased antenna arrays may be mounted along edges of a housing for the electronic device, behind a dielectric window such as a dielectric logo window in the housing, in alignment with dielectric housing portions at corners of the housing, or elsewhere in the electronic device. A phased antenna array may include arrays of patch antenna elements on dielectric layers separated by a ground layer. A baseband processor may distribute wireless signals to the phased antenna arrays at intermediate frequencies over intermediate frequency signal paths. Transceiver circuits at the phased antenna arrays may include upconverters and downconverters coupled to the intermediate frequency signal paths. | 1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing; a display mounted to the housing; a first phased antenna array at a first location in the housing; a second phased antenna array at a second location in the housing; and control circuitry configured to:
determine whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by an external object, and
responsive to determining that the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, switch the second phased antenna array into use. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
responsive to determining that the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, switch the first phased antenna array out of use. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
transceiver circuitry coupled to the first and second phased antenna arrays and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second phased antenna arrays. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second phased antenna arrays. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, further comprising:
a printed circuit board substrate, wherein the transceiver circuitry and the first phased antenna array are mounted to the printed circuit board substrate. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
sensor circuitry configured to gather sensor data indicative of whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object based on the sensor data gathered by the sensor circuitry. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the sensor data comprises sensor data selected from the group consisting of: proximity sensor data, antenna impedance measurements, and signal quality measurements. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
baseband processor circuitry configured to produce intermediate frequency signals; first transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor circuitry and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals corresponding to the intermediate frequency signals using the first phased antenna array; and second transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor circuitry and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals corresponding to the intermediate frequency signals using the second phased antenna array, wherein the radio-frequency signals transmitted by the first and second transceiver circuitry are at a frequency greater than 10 GHz. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first phased antenna array and the second transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the second phased antenna array. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a dielectric housing wall and the first and second phased antenna arrays are configured to transmit and receive radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz through the dielectric housing wall. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the dielectric housing wall opposes the display. 12. An electronic device comprising:
a dielectric housing wall; a dielectric layer; a set of antennas on the dielectric layer; transceiver circuitry on the dielectric layer and coupled to the set of antennas, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to receive, through the dielectric housing wall, radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the set of antennas; and control circuitry configured to perform beam steering operations using the set of antennas. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising:
an additional dielectric layer; and an additional set of antennas on the additional dielectric layer, wherein the control circuitry is configured to perform beam steering operations using the additional set of antennas. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver circuitry is coupled to the additional set of antennas and is configured to receive additional radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the additional set of antennas, the electronic device further comprising:
a baseband processor coupled to the transceiver circuitry via a transmission line path, wherein the baseband processor is configured to receive, from the transceiver circuitry and via the transmission line path, intermediate signals corresponding to the radio-frequency signals and the additional radio-frequency signals. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising:
additional transceiver circuitry coupled to the additional set of antennas and configured to receive additional radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the additional set of antennas, the electronic device further comprising: a baseband processor coupled to the transceiver circuitry via a first transmission line path and coupled to the additional transceiver circuitry via a second transmission line path, wherein the baseband processor is configured to receive, from the transceiver circuitry and via the first transmission line path, first intermediate signals corresponding to the radio-frequency signals, the baseband processor being further configured to receive, from the additional transceiver circuitry and via the second transmission line path, second intermediate signals corresponding to the additional radio-frequency signals. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit, through the dielectric housing wall, radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first set of antennas. 17. An electronic device comprising:
a housing having first and second edges; a display mounted to the housing; a dielectric substrate layer; a ground reflector on the dielectric substrate layer; a first dipole antenna element on the dielectric substrate layer, wherein at least some of the first dipole antenna element is laterally interposed between the ground reflector and the first edge of the housing; and a second dipole antenna element on the dielectric substrate layer, wherein at least some of the second dipole antenna element is laterally interposed between the ground reflector and the second edge of the housing. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising:
transceiver circuitry configured to receive radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second dipole antenna elements. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second dipole antenna elements. 20. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising:
a phased antenna array that comprises the first and second dipole antenna elements; and control circuitry configured to perform beam steering operations using the phased antenna array. | An electronic device may be provided with wireless circuitry. The wireless circuitry may include one or more antennas. The antennas may include phased antenna arrays each of which includes multiple antenna elements. Phased antenna arrays may be mounted along edges of a housing for the electronic device, behind a dielectric window such as a dielectric logo window in the housing, in alignment with dielectric housing portions at corners of the housing, or elsewhere in the electronic device. A phased antenna array may include arrays of patch antenna elements on dielectric layers separated by a ground layer. A baseband processor may distribute wireless signals to the phased antenna arrays at intermediate frequencies over intermediate frequency signal paths. Transceiver circuits at the phased antenna arrays may include upconverters and downconverters coupled to the intermediate frequency signal paths.1. An electronic device comprising:
a housing; a display mounted to the housing; a first phased antenna array at a first location in the housing; a second phased antenna array at a second location in the housing; and control circuitry configured to:
determine whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by an external object, and
responsive to determining that the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, switch the second phased antenna array into use. 2. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the control circuitry is further configured to:
responsive to determining that the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, switch the first phased antenna array out of use. 3. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
transceiver circuitry coupled to the first and second phased antenna arrays and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second phased antenna arrays. 4. The electronic device of claim 3, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second phased antenna arrays. 5. The electronic device of claim 4, further comprising:
a printed circuit board substrate, wherein the transceiver circuitry and the first phased antenna array are mounted to the printed circuit board substrate. 6. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
sensor circuitry configured to gather sensor data indicative of whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object, wherein the control circuitry is configured to determine whether the first phased antenna array is being blocked by the external object based on the sensor data gathered by the sensor circuitry. 7. The electronic device of claim 5, wherein the sensor data comprises sensor data selected from the group consisting of: proximity sensor data, antenna impedance measurements, and signal quality measurements. 8. The electronic device of claim 1, further comprising:
baseband processor circuitry configured to produce intermediate frequency signals; first transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor circuitry and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals corresponding to the intermediate frequency signals using the first phased antenna array; and second transceiver circuitry coupled to the baseband processor circuitry and configured to transmit radio-frequency signals corresponding to the intermediate frequency signals using the second phased antenna array, wherein the radio-frequency signals transmitted by the first and second transceiver circuitry are at a frequency greater than 10 GHz. 9. The electronic device of claim 8, wherein the first transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first phased antenna array and the second transceiver circuitry is configured to receive radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the second phased antenna array. 10. The electronic device of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises a dielectric housing wall and the first and second phased antenna arrays are configured to transmit and receive radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz through the dielectric housing wall. 11. The electronic device of claim 10, wherein the dielectric housing wall opposes the display. 12. An electronic device comprising:
a dielectric housing wall; a dielectric layer; a set of antennas on the dielectric layer; transceiver circuitry on the dielectric layer and coupled to the set of antennas, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to receive, through the dielectric housing wall, radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the set of antennas; and control circuitry configured to perform beam steering operations using the set of antennas. 13. The electronic device of claim 12, further comprising:
an additional dielectric layer; and an additional set of antennas on the additional dielectric layer, wherein the control circuitry is configured to perform beam steering operations using the additional set of antennas. 14. The electronic device of claim 13, wherein the transceiver circuitry is coupled to the additional set of antennas and is configured to receive additional radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the additional set of antennas, the electronic device further comprising:
a baseband processor coupled to the transceiver circuitry via a transmission line path, wherein the baseband processor is configured to receive, from the transceiver circuitry and via the transmission line path, intermediate signals corresponding to the radio-frequency signals and the additional radio-frequency signals. 15. The electronic device of claim 13, further comprising:
additional transceiver circuitry coupled to the additional set of antennas and configured to receive additional radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the additional set of antennas, the electronic device further comprising: a baseband processor coupled to the transceiver circuitry via a first transmission line path and coupled to the additional transceiver circuitry via a second transmission line path, wherein the baseband processor is configured to receive, from the transceiver circuitry and via the first transmission line path, first intermediate signals corresponding to the radio-frequency signals, the baseband processor being further configured to receive, from the additional transceiver circuitry and via the second transmission line path, second intermediate signals corresponding to the additional radio-frequency signals. 16. The electronic device of claim 12, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit, through the dielectric housing wall, radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first set of antennas. 17. An electronic device comprising:
a housing having first and second edges; a display mounted to the housing; a dielectric substrate layer; a ground reflector on the dielectric substrate layer; a first dipole antenna element on the dielectric substrate layer, wherein at least some of the first dipole antenna element is laterally interposed between the ground reflector and the first edge of the housing; and a second dipole antenna element on the dielectric substrate layer, wherein at least some of the second dipole antenna element is laterally interposed between the ground reflector and the second edge of the housing. 18. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising:
transceiver circuitry configured to receive radio-frequency signals at a frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second dipole antenna elements. 19. The electronic device of claim 18, wherein the transceiver circuitry is configured to transmit radio-frequency signals at the frequency greater than 10 GHz using the first and second dipole antenna elements. 20. The electronic device of claim 17, further comprising:
a phased antenna array that comprises the first and second dipole antenna elements; and control circuitry configured to perform beam steering operations using the phased antenna array. | 1,700 |
349,965 | 350,839 | 16,854,811 | 1,763 | A vaporizer having a metallic outer casing includes an internal ceramic oven insulated using cotton, a polymer material and a surrounding air pocket. A cooling chamber between the oven and the mouthpiece reduces the temperature of the vapor produced by the high temperature vaporizing oven. An LED screen on the outer casing displays information to the user. A USB port is used to recharge the internal battery. | 1. A high volume, durable vaporizer comprising:
an aluminum shell; a glass mouthpiece; a filter plug; an insulated ceramic oven; a vibrating motor; a battery cell; a USB port; a glass conduit providing ambient air to the insulated ceramic oven; a microcontroller; and, an LED screen. 2. The high-volume, durable vaporizer of claim 1 further comprising the additional components of the vaporizer disclosed herein and shown in the figures. | A vaporizer having a metallic outer casing includes an internal ceramic oven insulated using cotton, a polymer material and a surrounding air pocket. A cooling chamber between the oven and the mouthpiece reduces the temperature of the vapor produced by the high temperature vaporizing oven. An LED screen on the outer casing displays information to the user. A USB port is used to recharge the internal battery.1. A high volume, durable vaporizer comprising:
an aluminum shell; a glass mouthpiece; a filter plug; an insulated ceramic oven; a vibrating motor; a battery cell; a USB port; a glass conduit providing ambient air to the insulated ceramic oven; a microcontroller; and, an LED screen. 2. The high-volume, durable vaporizer of claim 1 further comprising the additional components of the vaporizer disclosed herein and shown in the figures. | 1,700 |
349,966 | 350,840 | 16,854,790 | 1,763 | A holographic antenna includes a transmission line and a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line. The holographic antenna also includes an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots. Each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal. The holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna. The holographic antenna also includes a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation. | 1. A holographic antenna, comprising:
a transmission line; a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line; an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal, and wherein the holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna; and a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation. 2. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the transmission line comprises one of a rectangular waveguide or a circular waveguide. 3. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of IDC slots are located periodically along the transmission line. 4. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the transmission line is configured to operate between about 8 Gigahertz and about 18 Gigahertz, and wherein the transmission line comprises a length of about six wavelengths at a center frequency of about 12 Gigahertz. 5. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot is controlled by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 6. The holographic antenna of claim 5, wherein the holographic antenna comprises an array of holographic antenna elements, and wherein an electromagnetic target beam is configured to be formed by synthesizing the amount of signal leakage from each of the IDC slots in the array of holographic antenna elements. 7. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a substantially serpentine shape. 8. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a square-wave shape. 9. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each active tuning device is an electronic switch device, and wherein each electronic switch device has an ON state and an OFF state. 10. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein each electronic switch device is configured to:
electrically connect one side of its IDC slot to an opposite side of its IDC slot when in the ON state; and electrically disconnect the one side and the opposite side of its IDC slot when in the OFF state. 11. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein each IDC slot is configured to provide signal leakage or electromagnetic radiation when the electronic switch device is in either the ON state or the OFF state. 12. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein the biasing source is further configured to operate each electronic switch device between the ON state and the OFF state. 13. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the active tuning devices connected to the plurality of IDC slots are tunable to reconfigure an electromagnetic beam pattern of the holographic antenna. 14. The holographic antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
an array of holographic antenna elements; and a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements and is configured to couple a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver to each of the holographic antenna elements, and wherein the plurality of adjustable phase shifters are adjustable to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. 15. A holographic antenna, comprising:
an array of holographic antenna elements, each holographic antenna element comprising:
a transmission line;
a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line;
an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the array of holographic antenna elements receiving or transmitting an electromagnetic signal, and wherein the holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna; and
a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation; and
a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is electrically connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements and is configured to couple a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver to each holographic antenna element, and wherein the plurality of adjustable phase shifters are adjustable to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. 16. The holographic antenna of claim 15, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot is controlled by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 17. A method for reconfiguring a holographic antenna, the method comprising:
providing a holographic antenna, wherein the holographic antenna includes:
a transmission line;
a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line; and
an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal; and
controlling the holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots to scan an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic signal, wherein said controlling the holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots comprises controlling operation of each active tuning device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein the method further comprises controlling an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising tuning the active tuning devices connected to the plurality of IDC slots to reconfigure an electromagnetic beam pattern of the holographic antenna. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
providing an array of holographic antenna elements; and adjusting a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. | A holographic antenna includes a transmission line and a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line. The holographic antenna also includes an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots. Each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal. The holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna. The holographic antenna also includes a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation.1. A holographic antenna, comprising:
a transmission line; a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line; an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal, and wherein the holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna; and a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation. 2. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the transmission line comprises one of a rectangular waveguide or a circular waveguide. 3. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the plurality of IDC slots are located periodically along the transmission line. 4. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the transmission line is configured to operate between about 8 Gigahertz and about 18 Gigahertz, and wherein the transmission line comprises a length of about six wavelengths at a center frequency of about 12 Gigahertz. 5. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot is controlled by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 6. The holographic antenna of claim 5, wherein the holographic antenna comprises an array of holographic antenna elements, and wherein an electromagnetic target beam is configured to be formed by synthesizing the amount of signal leakage from each of the IDC slots in the array of holographic antenna elements. 7. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a substantially serpentine shape. 8. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each IDC slot comprises a square-wave shape. 9. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein each active tuning device is an electronic switch device, and wherein each electronic switch device has an ON state and an OFF state. 10. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein each electronic switch device is configured to:
electrically connect one side of its IDC slot to an opposite side of its IDC slot when in the ON state; and electrically disconnect the one side and the opposite side of its IDC slot when in the OFF state. 11. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein each IDC slot is configured to provide signal leakage or electromagnetic radiation when the electronic switch device is in either the ON state or the OFF state. 12. The holographic antenna of claim 9, wherein the biasing source is further configured to operate each electronic switch device between the ON state and the OFF state. 13. The holographic antenna of claim 1, wherein the active tuning devices connected to the plurality of IDC slots are tunable to reconfigure an electromagnetic beam pattern of the holographic antenna. 14. The holographic antenna of claim 1, further comprising:
an array of holographic antenna elements; and a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements and is configured to couple a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver to each of the holographic antenna elements, and wherein the plurality of adjustable phase shifters are adjustable to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. 15. A holographic antenna, comprising:
an array of holographic antenna elements, each holographic antenna element comprising:
a transmission line;
a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line;
an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the array of holographic antenna elements receiving or transmitting an electromagnetic signal, and wherein the holographic pattern is controllable for scanning an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna; and
a biasing source coupled to each active tuning device and configured to control its respective operation; and
a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is electrically connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements and is configured to couple a transmitter, a receiver, or a transceiver to each holographic antenna element, and wherein the plurality of adjustable phase shifters are adjustable to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. 16. The holographic antenna of claim 15, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot is controlled by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 17. A method for reconfiguring a holographic antenna, the method comprising:
providing a holographic antenna, wherein the holographic antenna includes:
a transmission line;
a plurality of interdigital capacitor (IDC) slots respectively formed along the transmission line; and
an active tuning device connected to each IDC slot from the plurality of IDC slots, wherein each active tuning device is configured to provide a holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving an electromagnetic signal; and
controlling the holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots to scan an electromagnetic beam by the holographic antenna in response to the holographic antenna transmitting or receiving the electromagnetic signal, wherein said controlling the holographic pattern on the plurality of IDC slots comprises controlling operation of each active tuning device. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein each IDC slot comprises a predetermined slit size, and wherein the method further comprises controlling an amount of electromagnetic radiation or signal leakage from a particular IDC slot by changing the predetermined slit size of the particular IDC slot. 19. The method of claim 17, further comprising tuning the active tuning devices connected to the plurality of IDC slots to reconfigure an electromagnetic beam pattern of the holographic antenna. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
providing an array of holographic antenna elements; and adjusting a plurality of adjustable phase shifters, wherein each adjustable phase shifter from the plurality of adjustable phase shifters is connected to an end of each holographic antenna element from the array of holographic antenna elements to provide electromagnetic beam steering by the array of holographic antenna elements. | 1,700 |
349,967 | 350,841 | 16,854,784 | 1,763 | Provided in the present invention are techniques for processing video data. The video data processing techniques comprise: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one video data frame at a first framerate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; performing frame insertion operation on the received frames; inserting a frame between the received frames and forming a set of frames to be played back. | 1. A method for processing video data, comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to a receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the two different frames and generating at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames; and inserting the at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames and forming a set of frames to be played back. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting end transmits one or more frames to the receiving end through a physical interface. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the same frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and transmitting the same frame in the cache unit to the physical interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
selecting and receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 6. A device of processing video data, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor to configure the at least one processor to: convert, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmit, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; perform operation processing on the two different frames and generate at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames; and insert the at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames and form a set of frames to be played back. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting end transmits one or more frames to the receiving end through a physical interface. 8. The device according to claim 7, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
write the same frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; transmit the same frame in the cache unit to the physical interface. 9. The device according to claim 6, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
select and receive, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 10. The device according to claim 6, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
display, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on a computing device cause the computing device at least to:
convert, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmit, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and receive, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
perform operation processing on the received frames; and combine the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
read the same frame from a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and transmit the read frame to the physical interface. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
select and receive, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
display, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. | Provided in the present invention are techniques for processing video data. The video data processing techniques comprise: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one video data frame at a first framerate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; performing frame insertion operation on the received frames; inserting a frame between the received frames and forming a set of frames to be played back.1. A method for processing video data, comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to a receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the two different frames and generating at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames; and inserting the at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames and forming a set of frames to be played back. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting end transmits one or more frames to the receiving end through a physical interface. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the same frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and transmitting the same frame in the cache unit to the physical interface. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
selecting and receiving, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 6. A device of processing video data, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor to configure the at least one processor to: convert, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmit, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate; perform operation processing on the two different frames and generate at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames; and insert the at least one frame to be inserted between the two different frames and form a set of frames to be played back. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting end transmits one or more frames to the receiving end through a physical interface. 8. The device according to claim 7, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
write the same frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; transmit the same frame in the cache unit to the physical interface. 9. The device according to claim 6, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
select and receive, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 10. The device according to claim 6, the at least one memory further configuring the at least one processor to:
display, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on a computing device cause the computing device at least to:
convert, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmit, by the transmitting end, a same frame generated within a previous frame duration at least twice to the receiving end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receive, by the receiving end, the same frame once within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and receive, by the receiving end, two different frames within two adjacent frame durations respectively, wherein the adjacent two frames each correspond to the first frame rate. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
perform operation processing on the received frames; and combine the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
read the same frame from a cache unit in the transmitting end at least twice within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and transmit the read frame to the physical interface. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
select and receive, by the receiving end, the same frame transmitted for a first time from the transmitting end within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, further storing computer-readable instructions that upon execution on the computing device cause the computing device at least to:
display, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. | 1,700 |
349,968 | 350,842 | 16,854,816 | 1,763 | Various embodiments of the present disclosure include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media configured to provide a respective customized portal and a respective unique user identifier for each of a plurality of respective celebrity users of a media system, the media system capable of providing media content, social content, and market content to a first set of users of the media system, each of the respective customized portals being at least partially controlled by the respective celebrity user. One or more content items presented through a first respective customized portal are identified. A purchase transaction request is received from a particular user of the first set of users for a first content item of the one or more content items presented through the first respective customized portal. The purchase transaction request is processed. The processing includes receiving an indication of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the payment amount being paid by the particular user or an entity associated with the particular user; identifying one or more respective celebrity users of the plurality of respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request; determining, based on one or more compensation rules and the payment amount, a respective celebrity compensation amount for each of the one or more respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request, each of the celebrity compensation amounts being determined at substantially the same time as the indication of the payment amount paid by the particular user is received; and providing, in response to the determining, each of the celebrity compensation amounts to the respective celebrity users based on the respective unique user identifiers of the respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request. | 1. A system for providing a customized portal, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform:
storing a first limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a first celebrity user of a plurality of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the first celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the first limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the first celebrity user;
storing a second limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a second celebrity user of the set of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the second celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the second limited celebrity portal interface, the second limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the second celebrity user;
responsive to receiving a selection of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface;
providing first media content through the first limited celebrity portal of the first celebrity user;
identifying one or more content items appearing in the first media content, the identifying based on metadata embedded in the first media content;
generating one or more icons, each of the one or more icons representing at least one of the one or more content items appear in the first media content;
displaying the one or more icons overlaid on the first media content;
receiving a purchase transaction request from a user for a first content item of the one or more content items appearing in the first media, the purchase request received at substantially the same time as a playback of the first media content through a graphical user interface of the respective customized portal;
identifying one or more celebrity users of the plurality of celebrity users, the one or more celebrity users being associated with the one or more content items identified in the purchase transaction request and the first media content;
determining a celebrity compensation amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the determining being based on one or more compensation rules associated with the identified one or more celebrity users; and
responsive to the determining, providing the celebrity compensation amount to one or more third-party accounts, each of the third-party accounts being associated with at least one of the identified one or more celebrity users. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compensation rules define the compensation amount as a percentage of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining the celebrity compensation amount is further based on a link path, the link path being based on one or more respective customized portals visited by the subscribed user within a predetermined amount of time prior to the received purchase transaction request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to perform:
responsive to receiving a selection of the indication of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface; responsive to receiving a selection of the subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, overlaying a celebrity portal subscription interface over a portion of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the celebrity portal subscription interface including visual prompts for completing registration of a non-celebrity user registration to access a set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces at least partially controlled by the first celebrity user; responsive to receiving input corresponding to the first set of visual prompts, verifying the input; and responsive to a successful verification of the input, displaying a first subscribed celebrity portal interface of the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces to subscribed user, the subscribed user being one of a set of subscribed users. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more second celebrity users linked to the first celebrity user. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces includes an exclusive content region displaying digital content exclusive to the first celebrity user. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more activities of the first celebrity user. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more activities of the first celebrity user includes include one or more instant communication messages with one or more of the second celebrity users, movies that the first celebrity user is watching, video games the first celebrity user is playing, and music the first celebrity user is listening to. 9. A method for providing user interfaces, the method being implemented by a computing system including one or more processors and storage media storing machine-readable instructions, the method comprising:
storing a first limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a first celebrity user of a plurality of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the first celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the first limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the first celebrity user; storing a second limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a second celebrity user of the set of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the second celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the second limited celebrity portal interface, the second limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the second celebrity user; responsive to receiving a selection of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface; providing first media content through the first limited celebrity portal of the first celebrity user; identifying one or more content items appearing in the first media content, the identifying based on metadata embedded in the first media content; generating one or more icons, each of the one or more icons representing at least one of the one or more content items appear in the first media content; displaying the one or more icons overlaid on the first media content; receiving a purchase transaction request from a user for a first content item of the one or more content items appearing in the first media, the purchase request received at substantially the same time as a playback of the first media content through a graphical user interface of the respective customized portal; identifying one or more celebrity users of the plurality of celebrity users, the one or more celebrity users being associated with the one or more content items identified in the purchase transaction request and the first media content; determining a celebrity compensation amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the determining being based on one or more compensation rules associated with the identified one or more celebrity users; and responsive to the determining, providing the celebrity compensation amount to one or more third-party accounts, each of the third-party accounts being associated with at least one of the identified one or more celebrity users. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the compensation rules define the compensation amount as a percentage of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining the celebrity compensation amount is further based on a link path, the link path being based on one or more respective customized portals visited by the subscribed user within a predetermined amount of time prior to the received purchase transaction request. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
responsive to receiving a selection of the indication of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface;
responsive to receiving a selection of the subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, overlaying a celebrity portal subscription interface over a portion of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the celebrity portal subscription interface including visual prompts for completing registration of a non-celebrity user registration to access a set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces at least partially controlled by the first celebrity user;
responsive to receiving input corresponding to the first set of visual prompts, verifying the input; and
responsive to a successful verification of the input, displaying a first subscribed celebrity portal interface of the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces to subscribed user, the subscribed user being one of a set of subscribed users. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more second celebrity users linked to the first celebrity user. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces includes an exclusive content region displaying digital content exclusive to the first celebrity user 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more activities of the first celebrity user. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more activities of the first celebrity user includes include one or more instant communication messages with one or more of the second celebrity users, movies that the first celebrity user is watching, video games the first celebrity user is playing, and music the first celebrity user is listening to. | Various embodiments of the present disclosure include systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable media configured to provide a respective customized portal and a respective unique user identifier for each of a plurality of respective celebrity users of a media system, the media system capable of providing media content, social content, and market content to a first set of users of the media system, each of the respective customized portals being at least partially controlled by the respective celebrity user. One or more content items presented through a first respective customized portal are identified. A purchase transaction request is received from a particular user of the first set of users for a first content item of the one or more content items presented through the first respective customized portal. The purchase transaction request is processed. The processing includes receiving an indication of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the payment amount being paid by the particular user or an entity associated with the particular user; identifying one or more respective celebrity users of the plurality of respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request; determining, based on one or more compensation rules and the payment amount, a respective celebrity compensation amount for each of the one or more respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request, each of the celebrity compensation amounts being determined at substantially the same time as the indication of the payment amount paid by the particular user is received; and providing, in response to the determining, each of the celebrity compensation amounts to the respective celebrity users based on the respective unique user identifiers of the respective celebrity users associated with the purchase transaction request.1. A system for providing a customized portal, the system comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the system to perform:
storing a first limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a first celebrity user of a plurality of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the first celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the first limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the first celebrity user;
storing a second limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a second celebrity user of the set of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the second celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the second limited celebrity portal interface, the second limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the second celebrity user;
responsive to receiving a selection of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface;
providing first media content through the first limited celebrity portal of the first celebrity user;
identifying one or more content items appearing in the first media content, the identifying based on metadata embedded in the first media content;
generating one or more icons, each of the one or more icons representing at least one of the one or more content items appear in the first media content;
displaying the one or more icons overlaid on the first media content;
receiving a purchase transaction request from a user for a first content item of the one or more content items appearing in the first media, the purchase request received at substantially the same time as a playback of the first media content through a graphical user interface of the respective customized portal;
identifying one or more celebrity users of the plurality of celebrity users, the one or more celebrity users being associated with the one or more content items identified in the purchase transaction request and the first media content;
determining a celebrity compensation amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the determining being based on one or more compensation rules associated with the identified one or more celebrity users; and
responsive to the determining, providing the celebrity compensation amount to one or more third-party accounts, each of the third-party accounts being associated with at least one of the identified one or more celebrity users. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the compensation rules define the compensation amount as a percentage of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the determining the celebrity compensation amount is further based on a link path, the link path being based on one or more respective customized portals visited by the subscribed user within a predetermined amount of time prior to the received purchase transaction request. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the instructions further cause the system to perform:
responsive to receiving a selection of the indication of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface; responsive to receiving a selection of the subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, overlaying a celebrity portal subscription interface over a portion of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the celebrity portal subscription interface including visual prompts for completing registration of a non-celebrity user registration to access a set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces at least partially controlled by the first celebrity user; responsive to receiving input corresponding to the first set of visual prompts, verifying the input; and responsive to a successful verification of the input, displaying a first subscribed celebrity portal interface of the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces to subscribed user, the subscribed user being one of a set of subscribed users. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more second celebrity users linked to the first celebrity user. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces includes an exclusive content region displaying digital content exclusive to the first celebrity user. 7. The system of claim 4, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more activities of the first celebrity user. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the one or more activities of the first celebrity user includes include one or more instant communication messages with one or more of the second celebrity users, movies that the first celebrity user is watching, video games the first celebrity user is playing, and music the first celebrity user is listening to. 9. A method for providing user interfaces, the method being implemented by a computing system including one or more processors and storage media storing machine-readable instructions, the method comprising:
storing a first limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a first celebrity user of a plurality of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the first celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the first limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the first celebrity user; storing a second limited celebrity portal interface including an indication of a second celebrity user of the set of celebrity users, indications of a set of content items associated with the second celebrity user, and a subscription icon of the second limited celebrity portal interface, the second limited celebrity portal interface being at least partially controllable by the second celebrity user; responsive to receiving a selection of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface; providing first media content through the first limited celebrity portal of the first celebrity user; identifying one or more content items appearing in the first media content, the identifying based on metadata embedded in the first media content; generating one or more icons, each of the one or more icons representing at least one of the one or more content items appear in the first media content; displaying the one or more icons overlaid on the first media content; receiving a purchase transaction request from a user for a first content item of the one or more content items appearing in the first media, the purchase request received at substantially the same time as a playback of the first media content through a graphical user interface of the respective customized portal; identifying one or more celebrity users of the plurality of celebrity users, the one or more celebrity users being associated with the one or more content items identified in the purchase transaction request and the first media content; determining a celebrity compensation amount associated with the purchase transaction request, the determining being based on one or more compensation rules associated with the identified one or more celebrity users; and responsive to the determining, providing the celebrity compensation amount to one or more third-party accounts, each of the third-party accounts being associated with at least one of the identified one or more celebrity users. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the compensation rules define the compensation amount as a percentage of a payment amount associated with the purchase transaction request. 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the determining the celebrity compensation amount is further based on a link path, the link path being based on one or more respective customized portals visited by the subscribed user within a predetermined amount of time prior to the received purchase transaction request. 12. The method of claim 9 further comprising:
responsive to receiving a selection of the indication of the first celebrity user, displaying the first limited celebrity portal interface;
responsive to receiving a selection of the subscription icon of the first limited celebrity portal interface, overlaying a celebrity portal subscription interface over a portion of the first limited celebrity portal interface, the celebrity portal subscription interface including visual prompts for completing registration of a non-celebrity user registration to access a set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces at least partially controlled by the first celebrity user;
responsive to receiving input corresponding to the first set of visual prompts, verifying the input; and
responsive to a successful verification of the input, displaying a first subscribed celebrity portal interface of the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces to subscribed user, the subscribed user being one of a set of subscribed users. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more second celebrity users linked to the first celebrity user. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interfaces includes an exclusive content region displaying digital content exclusive to the first celebrity user 15. The method of claim 12, wherein the set of subscribed celebrity portal interface includes an indication of one or more activities of the first celebrity user. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more activities of the first celebrity user includes include one or more instant communication messages with one or more of the second celebrity users, movies that the first celebrity user is watching, video games the first celebrity user is playing, and music the first celebrity user is listening to. | 1,700 |
349,969 | 350,843 | 16,854,821 | 1,763 | A system for equalizing a pressure in an ionization chamber of a radiation device is provided. The system may include the ionization chamber including: a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls; a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to the chamber volume via at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing. | 1. An ionization chamber, comprising:
a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls; a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to the chamber volume via at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing. 2. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the chamber volume is airtight. 3. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the at least one wall has a thickness between 10 micrometers and 2 millimeters. 4. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the radiation sensitive material includes a gas. 5. (canceled) 6. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
a tube including a first end and a second end, the first end being open to the chamber volume through the at least one wall, and the second end being open to the ambient air; and a fluid material trapped inside the tube, the fluid material being configured to move within the tube to equalize the first pressure and the second pressure. 7-17. (canceled) 18. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a tube including a first end and a second end, the first end being open to the chamber volume, and the second end being open to the enclosure. 19-25. (canceled) 26. The ionization chamber of claim 18, wherein
the enclosure is made of a first material having a first elastic modulus, the one or more chamber walls are made of one or more second materials each having a second elastic modulus, and the first elastic modulus is lower than the second elastic modulus. 27. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a pump configured to pump, based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between the enclosure and the chamber volume. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The ionization chamber of claim 27, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a first pressure sensor configured to detect the first pressure; and a second pressure sensor configured to detect the second pressure. 31. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; a tube configured to guide the radiation sensitive material to flow into and out of the chamber volume; and a pump configured to
pump, based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between the enclosure and the chamber volume via the tube; and
pump the radiation sensitive material to flow between the chamber volume and the tube. 32. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a first pressure sensor configured to detect the first pressure by detecting a pressure of the radiation sensitive material flowing through the tube; and a second pressure sensor configured to detect the second pressure. 33. (canceled) 34. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a thermometer configured to detect a temperature of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume by detecting a temperature of the radiation sensitive material flowing through the tube. 35. (canceled) 36. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a proportional valve configured to adjust a quantity of the radiation sensitive material flowing, through the tube, in or out of the chamber volume. 37. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the tube includes a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to a first location of the chamber housing, and the second end being connected to a second location of the chamber housing. 38-39. (canceled) 40. The ionization chamber of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to establish an electric field in the chamber volume and measure a charge or current associated with the radiation sensitive material and produced, based on the electric field, in the chamber volume. 41. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a pressure regulating element separating the enclosure into a first space and a second space, the first space being in fluid communication with the chamber volume via a tube, the second space being in fluid communication with the ambient air. 42-43. (canceled) 44. A method for equalizing a pressure of a radiation sensitive material in an ionization chamber, comprising:
providing an ionization chamber, wherein the ionization chamber includes
a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls;
a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and
a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing;
detecting the first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the ionization chamber; detecting the second pressure of the ambient air outside the ionization chamber; and equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure by pumping, using a pump and based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material and the ionization chamber. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure comprising:
comparing the first pressure and the second pressure; and in response to a determination that the first pressure is larger than the second pressure, pumping the radiation sensitive material from the ionization chamber to the reservoir. 46. The method of claim 44, wherein the equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure comprising:
comparing the first pressure and the second pressure; and in response to a determination that the second pressure is larger than the first pressure, pumping the radiation sensitive material from the reservoir to the ionization chamber. 47. The method of claim 44, further comprising:
allowing the radiation sensitive material to flow between an ionization chamber and a tube operably coupled to the ionization chamber. 48-51. (canceled) | A system for equalizing a pressure in an ionization chamber of a radiation device is provided. The system may include the ionization chamber including: a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls; a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to the chamber volume via at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing.1. An ionization chamber, comprising:
a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls; a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to the chamber volume via at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing. 2. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the chamber volume is airtight. 3. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the at least one wall has a thickness between 10 micrometers and 2 millimeters. 4. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the radiation sensitive material includes a gas. 5. (canceled) 6. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
a tube including a first end and a second end, the first end being open to the chamber volume through the at least one wall, and the second end being open to the ambient air; and a fluid material trapped inside the tube, the fluid material being configured to move within the tube to equalize the first pressure and the second pressure. 7-17. (canceled) 18. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a tube including a first end and a second end, the first end being open to the chamber volume, and the second end being open to the enclosure. 19-25. (canceled) 26. The ionization chamber of claim 18, wherein
the enclosure is made of a first material having a first elastic modulus, the one or more chamber walls are made of one or more second materials each having a second elastic modulus, and the first elastic modulus is lower than the second elastic modulus. 27. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a pump configured to pump, based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between the enclosure and the chamber volume. 28-29. (canceled) 30. The ionization chamber of claim 27, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a first pressure sensor configured to detect the first pressure; and a second pressure sensor configured to detect the second pressure. 31. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; a tube configured to guide the radiation sensitive material to flow into and out of the chamber volume; and a pump configured to
pump, based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between the enclosure and the chamber volume via the tube; and
pump the radiation sensitive material to flow between the chamber volume and the tube. 32. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a first pressure sensor configured to detect the first pressure by detecting a pressure of the radiation sensitive material flowing through the tube; and a second pressure sensor configured to detect the second pressure. 33. (canceled) 34. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a thermometer configured to detect a temperature of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume by detecting a temperature of the radiation sensitive material flowing through the tube. 35. (canceled) 36. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus further includes:
a proportional valve configured to adjust a quantity of the radiation sensitive material flowing, through the tube, in or out of the chamber volume. 37. The ionization chamber of claim 31, wherein the tube includes a first end and a second end, the first end being connected to a first location of the chamber housing, and the second end being connected to a second location of the chamber housing. 38-39. (canceled) 40. The ionization chamber of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to establish an electric field in the chamber volume and measure a charge or current associated with the radiation sensitive material and produced, based on the electric field, in the chamber volume. 41. The ionization chamber of claim 1, wherein the pressure adjustment apparatus includes:
an enclosure configured to function as a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material; and a pressure regulating element separating the enclosure into a first space and a second space, the first space being in fluid communication with the chamber volume via a tube, the second space being in fluid communication with the ambient air. 42-43. (canceled) 44. A method for equalizing a pressure of a radiation sensitive material in an ionization chamber, comprising:
providing an ionization chamber, wherein the ionization chamber includes
a chamber housing including one or more chamber walls;
a chamber volume inside the chamber housing, the chamber volume being filled with a radiation sensitive material; and
a pressure adjustment apparatus operably coupled to at least one wall of the one or more chamber walls, the pressure adjustment apparatus being configured to equalize a first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the chamber volume and a second pressure of ambient air outside the chamber housing;
detecting the first pressure of the radiation sensitive material inside the ionization chamber; detecting the second pressure of the ambient air outside the ionization chamber; and equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure by pumping, using a pump and based on the first pressure and the second pressure, the radiation sensitive material to flow between a reservoir of the radiation sensitive material and the ionization chamber. 45. The method of claim 44, wherein the equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure comprising:
comparing the first pressure and the second pressure; and in response to a determination that the first pressure is larger than the second pressure, pumping the radiation sensitive material from the ionization chamber to the reservoir. 46. The method of claim 44, wherein the equalizing the first pressure and the second pressure comprising:
comparing the first pressure and the second pressure; and in response to a determination that the second pressure is larger than the first pressure, pumping the radiation sensitive material from the reservoir to the ionization chamber. 47. The method of claim 44, further comprising:
allowing the radiation sensitive material to flow between an ionization chamber and a tube operably coupled to the ionization chamber. 48-51. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,970 | 350,844 | 16,854,792 | 1,763 | Provided herein are cyclic prosaposin peptides and compositions and uses thereof. Exemplary uses include use in the treatment of cancer or in the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders. | 1.-11. (canceled) 12. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of a cyclic peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the cyclic peptide is selected from the group consisting of DWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 2), dWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 4), and conservative substitution variants thereof. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer or melanoma. 14. A method for treating an inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of a cyclic peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the cyclic peptide is selected from the group consisting of DWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 2), dWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 4), and conservative substitution variants thereof. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is Crohn's disease. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the peptide is linked to a polymer that enhances the serum half-life. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, divinylether maleic anhydride, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide, dextran, dextran sulfate, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylated polyol, heparin, heparin fragments, polysaccharides, cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polyalkylene glycol and derivatives thereof, copolymers of polyalkylene glycols and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl ethyl ethers, and α,β-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the peptide is linked to a polymer that enhances the serum half-life. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, divinylether maleic anhydride, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide, dextran, dextran sulfate, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylated polyol, heparin, heparin fragments, polysaccharides, cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polyalkylene glycol and derivatives thereof, copolymers of polyalkylene glycols and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl ethyl ethers, and α,β-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide. | Provided herein are cyclic prosaposin peptides and compositions and uses thereof. Exemplary uses include use in the treatment of cancer or in the treatment of inflammatory diseases or disorders.1.-11. (canceled) 12. A method for treating cancer in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of a cyclic peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the cyclic peptide is selected from the group consisting of DWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 2), dWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 4), and conservative substitution variants thereof. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer or melanoma. 14. A method for treating an inflammatory disease or disorder in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising: administering to the subject an effective amount of a cyclic peptide, wherein the amino acid sequence of the cyclic peptide is selected from the group consisting of DWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 2), dWGPK (SEQ ID NO: 4), and conservative substitution variants thereof. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is selected from the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), Crohn's disease, psoriasis, and atherosclerosis. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the inflammatory disease or disorder is Crohn's disease. 17. The method of claim 12, wherein the peptide is linked to a polymer that enhances the serum half-life. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, divinylether maleic anhydride, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide, dextran, dextran sulfate, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylated polyol, heparin, heparin fragments, polysaccharides, cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polyalkylene glycol and derivatives thereof, copolymers of polyalkylene glycols and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl ethyl ethers, and α,β-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein the peptide is linked to a polymer that enhances the serum half-life. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, polyamino acids, divinylether maleic anhydride, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide, dextran, dextran sulfate, polypropylene glycol, polyoxyethylated polyol, heparin, heparin fragments, polysaccharides, cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch, polyalkylene glycol and derivatives thereof, copolymers of polyalkylene glycols and derivatives thereof, polyvinyl ethyl ethers, and α,β-Poly(2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide. | 1,700 |
349,971 | 350,845 | 16,854,807 | 1,763 | A video image processing method, an apparatus, and a terminal are provided. The method includes: displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to a virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. | 1. A video image processing method, applied to a terminal, the video image processing method comprising:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to a virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 2. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining the virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other. 3. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 4. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. 5. The video image processing method according to claim 4, wherein the converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas comprises:
obtaining coordinate translation vectors according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and the screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the coordinate translation vectors. 6. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the normalized coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points. 7. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a first coordinate scaling ratio according to a specified normalized size and the size of the virtual canvas if a rotation angle of the face in the video image is not 0; determining initial normalized coordinates of the operating points according to the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points and the first coordinate scaling ratio; and rotating the initial normalized coordinates of the operating points respectively in a reverse direction by the rotation angle, to obtain the normalized coordinates of the operating points. 8. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a first coordinate scaling ratio according to a specified normalized size and the size of the virtual canvas if a rotation angle of the face in the video image is 0; and determining normalized coordinates of the operating points according to the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points and the first coordinate scaling ratio. 9. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the mapping the normalized coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a second coordinate scaling ratio according to the size of the target canvas and the specified normalized size; and obtaining the target canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the normalized coordinates of the operating points and the second coordinate scaling ratio. 10. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting operating points of a user on the screen comprises:
detecting the operating points of the user on the screen in response to an operation of the user for triggering entering a doodle mode. 11. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the overlaying the target canvas onto the video image comprises:
transmitting vertex coordinates of the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn and the rotation angle of the face in the video image into a vertex shader, to obtain coordinates of an overlaid location of the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn on the video image by the vertex shader according to the rotation angle and the vertex coordinate; and overlaying the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn onto the video image according to the coordinates of the overlaid location, and making the target canvas move along with the face in the video image. 12. A terminal, comprising a memory, a processor, and a graphic processing unit; the memory storing an executable program, the program being executable by the processor or the graphic images processing unit, and the program implementing a method of:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 13. The terminal of claim 12, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas. 14. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 15. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas comprises:
obtaining coordinate translation vectors according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and the screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the coordinate translation vectors. 17. A non-transitory storage medium, the storage medium being configured to store an executable instruction, the instruction, when run on a computer, causing the computer to perform:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 18. The storage medium of claim 17, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas. 19. The storage medium of claim 18, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 20. The storage medium of claim 18, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. | A video image processing method, an apparatus, and a terminal are provided. The method includes: displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to a virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image.1. A video image processing method, applied to a terminal, the video image processing method comprising:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to a virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 2. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining the virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other. 3. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 4. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. 5. The video image processing method according to claim 4, wherein the converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas comprises:
obtaining coordinate translation vectors according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and the screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the coordinate translation vectors. 6. The video image processing method according to claim 2, wherein the mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the normalized coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points. 7. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a first coordinate scaling ratio according to a specified normalized size and the size of the virtual canvas if a rotation angle of the face in the video image is not 0; determining initial normalized coordinates of the operating points according to the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points and the first coordinate scaling ratio; and rotating the initial normalized coordinates of the operating points respectively in a reverse direction by the rotation angle, to obtain the normalized coordinates of the operating points. 8. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the normalizing the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points, to obtain normalized coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a first coordinate scaling ratio according to a specified normalized size and the size of the virtual canvas if a rotation angle of the face in the video image is 0; and determining normalized coordinates of the operating points according to the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points and the first coordinate scaling ratio. 9. The video image processing method according to claim 6, wherein the mapping the normalized coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
determining a second coordinate scaling ratio according to the size of the target canvas and the specified normalized size; and obtaining the target canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the normalized coordinates of the operating points and the second coordinate scaling ratio. 10. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting operating points of a user on the screen comprises:
detecting the operating points of the user on the screen in response to an operation of the user for triggering entering a doodle mode. 11. The video image processing method according to claim 1, wherein the overlaying the target canvas onto the video image comprises:
transmitting vertex coordinates of the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn and the rotation angle of the face in the video image into a vertex shader, to obtain coordinates of an overlaid location of the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn on the video image by the vertex shader according to the rotation angle and the vertex coordinate; and overlaying the target canvas on which the graphic image is drawn onto the video image according to the coordinates of the overlaid location, and making the target canvas move along with the face in the video image. 12. A terminal, comprising a memory, a processor, and a graphic processing unit; the memory storing an executable program, the program being executable by the processor or the graphic images processing unit, and the program implementing a method of:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 13. The terminal of claim 12, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas. 14. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 15. The terminal of claim 13, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. 16. The terminal of claim 15, wherein the converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas comprises:
obtaining coordinate translation vectors according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and the screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points according to the coordinate translation vectors. 17. A non-transitory storage medium, the storage medium being configured to store an executable instruction, the instruction, when run on a computer, causing the computer to perform:
displaying a captured video image on a screen; detecting operating points of a user on the screen, and converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas; drawing a graphic image on the target canvas according to the target canvas coordinates of the operating points; and overlaying the target canvas onto the video image. 18. The storage medium of claim 17, wherein the converting screen coordinates of the operating points into target canvas coordinates in a target canvas comprises:
determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image, a size of the virtual canvas and a size of a facial feature area in the video image being proportional to each other; mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points; and mapping the virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points to the target canvas, to obtain target canvas coordinates of the operating points in the target canvas. 19. The storage medium of claim 18, wherein the determining a virtual canvas according to a facial feature in the video image comprises:
detecting screen coordinates of a first feature point of a face in the video image; determining a size of the virtual canvas according to the proportional relationship and a size of a face area in the video image by using the screen coordinates of the first feature point of the face as a central point of the virtual canvas; and determining the virtual canvas according to the size of the virtual canvas. 20. The storage medium of claim 18, wherein the mapping the screen coordinates of the operating points to the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points comprises:
converting the screen coordinates of the operating points into coordinates in the virtual canvas according to the screen coordinates of the operating points and screen coordinates of the central point of the virtual canvas, to obtain virtual canvas coordinates of the operating points. | 1,700 |
349,972 | 350,846 | 16,854,797 | 1,763 | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame, a P lead frame, and an O lead frame each having a body portion and a terminal portion, with the O lead frame located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame. The power card includes a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame, the body portion of the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device. | 1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the body portion of the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device. 2. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a manifold surrounding the body portion of the N lead frame, the body portion of the P lead frame, and the body portion of the O lead frame, the manifold being fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame. 3. The power card of claim 2, wherein the manifold surrounds a lengthwise periphery of the body portion of the N lead frame, the body portion of the P lead frame, and the body portion of the O lead frame. 4. The power card of claim 2, wherein the manifold further comprises a plurality of channels configured to receive the cooling liquid. 5. The power card of claim 4, wherein the manifold further comprises an inlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, the inlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid and provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, and
wherein the manifold further comprises an outlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, the outlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame and expel the cooling liquid. 6. The power card of claim 5, further comprising a first lengthwise edge and a second lengthwise edge opposite the first lengthwise edge, the inlet port located on the first lengthwise edge and the outlet port located on the second lengthwise edge. 7. The power card of claim 4, wherein the plurality of channels of the manifold include a top channel located radially outward of the body portion of the P lead frame, and a bottom channel located radially outward of the body portion of the N lead frame. 8. The power card of claim 7, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame,
wherein the top channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the first heat sink and the bottom channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the second heat sink. 9. The power card of claim 1, wherein the O lead frame comprises a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. 10. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an O lead frame located between an N lead frame and a P lead frame,
a first power device located on a first side of the O lead frame between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device located on a second side of the O lead frame between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device; and
a liquid cooler coupled to the one or more channels of the O lead frame and configured to provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the O lead frame. 11. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a manifold surrounding the N lead frame, the P lead frame, and the O lead frame, the manifold being fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame and the liquid cooler. 12. The power system of claim 11, wherein the manifold surrounds a lengthwise periphery of a body portion of the N lead frame, a body portion of the P lead frame, and a body portion of the O lead frame. 13. The power system of claim 11, wherein the manifold further comprises a plurality of channels configured to receive the cooling liquid. 14. The power system of claim 13, wherein the manifold further comprises an inlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, the inlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the liquid cooler and provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, and
wherein the manifold further comprises an outlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, the outlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame and expel the cooling liquid to the liquid cooler. 15. The power system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels of the manifold include a top channel located radially outward of the P lead frame, and a bottom channel located radially outward of the N lead frame. 16. The power system of claim 15, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame,
wherein the top channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the first heat sink and the bottom channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the second heat sink. 17. The power system of claim 10, wherein the O lead frame comprises a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. 18. The power system of claim 10, wherein the liquid cooler is coupled to a vehicle device and configured to provide the cooling liquid to the vehicle device. 19. A lead frame for use in a vehicle power card, the lead frame comprising:
a body portion having a first side coupled to a first power device, a second side coupled to a second power device, and one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device; and a terminal portion extending outward from the body portion. 20. The lead frame of claim 19, further comprising a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for a power card for use in a vehicle. The power card includes an N lead frame, a P lead frame, and an O lead frame each having a body portion and a terminal portion, with the O lead frame located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame. The power card includes a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame, the body portion of the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device.1. A power card for use in a vehicle, the power card comprising:
an N lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; a P lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion; an O lead frame having a body portion and a terminal portion, the terminal portion extending outward from the body portion, the O lead frame being located between the N lead frame and the P lead frame; a first power device being located on a first side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the N lead frame and the body portion of the O lead frame; and a second power device being located on a second side of the O lead frame between the body portion of the O lead frame and the body portion of the P lead frame, the body portion of the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device. 2. The power card of claim 1, further comprising a manifold surrounding the body portion of the N lead frame, the body portion of the P lead frame, and the body portion of the O lead frame, the manifold being fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame. 3. The power card of claim 2, wherein the manifold surrounds a lengthwise periphery of the body portion of the N lead frame, the body portion of the P lead frame, and the body portion of the O lead frame. 4. The power card of claim 2, wherein the manifold further comprises a plurality of channels configured to receive the cooling liquid. 5. The power card of claim 4, wherein the manifold further comprises an inlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, the inlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid and provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, and
wherein the manifold further comprises an outlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame, the outlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame and expel the cooling liquid. 6. The power card of claim 5, further comprising a first lengthwise edge and a second lengthwise edge opposite the first lengthwise edge, the inlet port located on the first lengthwise edge and the outlet port located on the second lengthwise edge. 7. The power card of claim 4, wherein the plurality of channels of the manifold include a top channel located radially outward of the body portion of the P lead frame, and a bottom channel located radially outward of the body portion of the N lead frame. 8. The power card of claim 7, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame,
wherein the top channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the first heat sink and the bottom channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the second heat sink. 9. The power card of claim 1, wherein the O lead frame comprises a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. 10. A power system comprising:
a power card having:
an O lead frame located between an N lead frame and a P lead frame,
a first power device located on a first side of the O lead frame between the N lead frame and the O lead frame, and
a second power device located on a second side of the O lead frame between the O lead frame and the P lead frame, the O lead frame having one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device; and
a liquid cooler coupled to the one or more channels of the O lead frame and configured to provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the O lead frame. 11. The power system of claim 10, further comprising a manifold surrounding the N lead frame, the P lead frame, and the O lead frame, the manifold being fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the body portion of the O lead frame and the liquid cooler. 12. The power system of claim 11, wherein the manifold surrounds a lengthwise periphery of a body portion of the N lead frame, a body portion of the P lead frame, and a body portion of the O lead frame. 13. The power system of claim 11, wherein the manifold further comprises a plurality of channels configured to receive the cooling liquid. 14. The power system of claim 13, wherein the manifold further comprises an inlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, the inlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the liquid cooler and provide the cooling liquid to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, and
wherein the manifold further comprises an outlet port fluidly coupled to the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame, the outlet port configured to receive the cooling liquid from the one or more channels of the manifold and the one or more channels of the O lead frame and expel the cooling liquid to the liquid cooler. 15. The power system of claim 13, wherein the plurality of channels of the manifold include a top channel located radially outward of the P lead frame, and a bottom channel located radially outward of the N lead frame. 16. The power system of claim 15, further comprising a first heat sink coupled to the body portion of the P lead frame and a second heat sink coupled to the body portion of the N lead frame,
wherein the top channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the first heat sink and the bottom channel comprises a plurality of channels defined by fins of the second heat sink. 17. The power system of claim 10, wherein the O lead frame comprises a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. 18. The power system of claim 10, wherein the liquid cooler is coupled to a vehicle device and configured to provide the cooling liquid to the vehicle device. 19. A lead frame for use in a vehicle power card, the lead frame comprising:
a body portion having a first side coupled to a first power device, a second side coupled to a second power device, and one or more channels configured to receive a cooling liquid for cooling the first power device and the second power device; and a terminal portion extending outward from the body portion. 20. The lead frame of claim 19, further comprising a top portion having the one or more channels formed integrally therein, and a bottom portion coupled to the top portion. | 1,700 |
349,973 | 350,847 | 16,854,822 | 2,661 | A central controller for building automation can use historical user profiles to select output devices (e.g. automated lights and speakers). Users often interact with personally identifying electronic devices such as cellular telephones and laptops. These interactions enable a central building controller to associate sensor data with a specific user and build historical user profiles. In one embodiment first data from a wireless sensor associated with a building is processed to select a historical user profile and an output device is selected based on the historical user profile. In a related embodiment a plurality of identity estimates (e.g. probability of user #1=80% and user #2=20%) are used to generate a blended user profile e.g. a probability of future occupancy of another room in a building, and select output devices accordingly. | 1. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building; accessing one or more historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing at least one occupancy pattern for the corresponding user; processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data and thereby selecting
an output device from a plurality of output devices;
generating an output signal based on the selected output device, wherein the output signal is operable to control an aspect of the output device; and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of
predicting for at least one of the one or more historical user profiles, a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data further comprises selecting a first historical user profile from a plurality of user profiles based on the sensor data. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
processing the sensor data to determine an identity estimate indicating a user associated with the sensor data;
selecting a first historical user profile from the one or more historical user profiles based on the identity estimate;
selecting the output device based on the first historical user profile. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of generating an identity estimate for each profile of the one or more historical user profiles. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein each of the one or more historical user profiles comprises a location correlation matrix and wherein the step of processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data further comprises weighing the location correlation matrix and thereby selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of,
processing the sensor data to generate for the each of the one or more historical user profiles a corresponding identity estimate indicating a probability that corresponding user can account for the sensor data, and
for each of the one or more historical user profiles weighing a corresponding aspect of the historical user profile by the corresponding identity estimate. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a wireless device location associated with the corresponding user. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a favorite location. 10. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a route within the building. 11. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a location correlation matrix. 12. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building, accessing a plurality of historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing an occupancy pattern for the corresponding user, processing the sensor data to select a first historical user profile from the plurality of historical user profiles, selecting an output device from a plurality of output devices based on the occupancy pattern for the corresponding user in the first historical user profile, generating an output signal based on the selected output device, wherein the output signal is operable to control an aspect of the output device, and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
predicting from the first historical user profile a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
using the first historical user profile and using a mobile wireless device location estimate obtained from the sensor data, predicting a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the output device is selected from the plurality of output devices based on a location correlation matrix in the first historical user profile and indicating that the corresponding user is moving to a portion of the building containing the output device. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the output device is selected from the plurality of output devices based on the occupancy in the first historical user profile indicating that the corresponding user is moving to a portion of the building containing the output device. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of processing the sensor data to identify a user associated with the one or more wireless devices and selecting the first historical user profile from the plurality of historical user profiles base on matching the user to the corresponding user of the first historical user profile. 18. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
obtaining a mobile device location estimate by processing the sensor data, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the one or more occupancy patterns and the mobile device location estimate. 19. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building; accessing a plurality of historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing patterns of locations for the corresponding user within the building; processing the plurality of historical user profiles according to the sensor data and thereby selecting an output device from a plurality of output devices; generating an output signal based on the selected output device, operable to control an aspect of the output device and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the steps of:
processing the sensor data to generating a plurality of identify estimates, each indicative of a probability that the sensor data can be accounted for the corresponding user for each of the plurality of historical user profiles;
for each of the plurality of historical user profiles weighing an aspect of the patterns of locations according to the corresponding identity estimate and thereby selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices. | A central controller for building automation can use historical user profiles to select output devices (e.g. automated lights and speakers). Users often interact with personally identifying electronic devices such as cellular telephones and laptops. These interactions enable a central building controller to associate sensor data with a specific user and build historical user profiles. In one embodiment first data from a wireless sensor associated with a building is processed to select a historical user profile and an output device is selected based on the historical user profile. In a related embodiment a plurality of identity estimates (e.g. probability of user #1=80% and user #2=20%) are used to generate a blended user profile e.g. a probability of future occupancy of another room in a building, and select output devices accordingly.1. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building; accessing one or more historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing at least one occupancy pattern for the corresponding user; processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data and thereby selecting
an output device from a plurality of output devices;
generating an output signal based on the selected output device, wherein the output signal is operable to control an aspect of the output device; and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of
predicting for at least one of the one or more historical user profiles, a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data further comprises selecting a first historical user profile from a plurality of user profiles based on the sensor data. 4. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of:
processing the sensor data to determine an identity estimate indicating a user associated with the sensor data;
selecting a first historical user profile from the one or more historical user profiles based on the identity estimate;
selecting the output device based on the first historical user profile. 5. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of generating an identity estimate for each profile of the one or more historical user profiles. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein each of the one or more historical user profiles comprises a location correlation matrix and wherein the step of processing the one or more historical user profiles according to the sensor data further comprises weighing the location correlation matrix and thereby selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices. 7. The method of claim 1 further comprising the steps of,
processing the sensor data to generate for the each of the one or more historical user profiles a corresponding identity estimate indicating a probability that corresponding user can account for the sensor data, and
for each of the one or more historical user profiles weighing a corresponding aspect of the historical user profile by the corresponding identity estimate. 8. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a wireless device location associated with the corresponding user. 9. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a favorite location. 10. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a route within the building. 11. The method of claim 7 wherein for each of the one or more historical user profiles the corresponding aspect is a location correlation matrix. 12. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building, accessing a plurality of historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing an occupancy pattern for the corresponding user, processing the sensor data to select a first historical user profile from the plurality of historical user profiles, selecting an output device from a plurality of output devices based on the occupancy pattern for the corresponding user in the first historical user profile, generating an output signal based on the selected output device, wherein the output signal is operable to control an aspect of the output device, and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 13. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
predicting from the first historical user profile a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 14. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
using the first historical user profile and using a mobile wireless device location estimate obtained from the sensor data, predicting a future location of the corresponding user, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the future location. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the output device is selected from the plurality of output devices based on a location correlation matrix in the first historical user profile and indicating that the corresponding user is moving to a portion of the building containing the output device. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the output device is selected from the plurality of output devices based on the occupancy in the first historical user profile indicating that the corresponding user is moving to a portion of the building containing the output device. 17. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of processing the sensor data to identify a user associated with the one or more wireless devices and selecting the first historical user profile from the plurality of historical user profiles base on matching the user to the corresponding user of the first historical user profile. 18. The method of claim 12 further comprising the steps of:
obtaining a mobile device location estimate by processing the sensor data, and
selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices based on the one or more occupancy patterns and the mobile device location estimate. 19. A method for controlling an output device in a building comprising:
receiving sensor data from one or more wireless devices in the building; accessing a plurality of historical user profiles, each associated with a corresponding user of the building and each containing patterns of locations for the corresponding user within the building; processing the plurality of historical user profiles according to the sensor data and thereby selecting an output device from a plurality of output devices; generating an output signal based on the selected output device, operable to control an aspect of the output device and transmitting from a transmitter the output signal. 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the steps of:
processing the sensor data to generating a plurality of identify estimates, each indicative of a probability that the sensor data can be accounted for the corresponding user for each of the plurality of historical user profiles;
for each of the plurality of historical user profiles weighing an aspect of the patterns of locations according to the corresponding identity estimate and thereby selecting the output device from the plurality of output devices. | 2,600 |
349,974 | 350,848 | 16,854,781 | 2,661 | A method of prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject including: digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination. | 1. A method of prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject comprising:
digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein reading the indicia and processing the indicia is by a camera that is photographing the photographic subject. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising uploading by the camera the photo with the indicia to the social network. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein between photographing the photographic subject and reading the indicia, further comprising uploading the photo with the indicia to a computing device and after reading the indicia by a computing device and after processing the indicia by the computing device, uploading the photo with the indicia to the social network. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein when the determination is that the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject, altering the photo of the photographic subject and blocking identification of the photographic subject. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein altering the photo is masking the face of the photographic subject. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein altering the photo is blurring the face of the photographic subject. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein when the determination is that the indicia does not prohibit identification of personal information of the photographic subject, displaying the photo of the photographic subject unaltered. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia is capable of switching from on to off or off to on. 12. A method of disclosing a photo having an indicia indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject comprising:
storing the photo with the indicia incorporated in the photo on a social network system, the indicia regulating who can view the photo without alteration, wherein the indicia is invisible to the naked eye; requesting the photo by a user from the social network system; accessing a database to check if the user has permission to view the photo; and when the user has permission, the user viewing the photo without alteration and when the user does not have permission, the user viewing the photo with alteration. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia is capable of switching from on to off or off to on. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the alteration is masking the face of the photographic subject. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the alteration is blurring the face of the photographic subject. 18. A computer program product for prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. | A method of prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject including: digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination.1. A method of prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject comprising:
digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein reading the indicia and processing the indicia is by a camera that is photographing the photographic subject. 4. The method of claim 3 further comprising uploading by the camera the photo with the indicia to the social network. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein between photographing the photographic subject and reading the indicia, further comprising uploading the photo with the indicia to a computing device and after reading the indicia by a computing device and after processing the indicia by the computing device, uploading the photo with the indicia to the social network. 6. The method of claim 1 wherein when the determination is that the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject, altering the photo of the photographic subject and blocking identification of the photographic subject. 7. The method of claim 6 wherein altering the photo is masking the face of the photographic subject. 8. The method of claim 6 wherein altering the photo is blurring the face of the photographic subject. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein when the determination is that the indicia does not prohibit identification of personal information of the photographic subject, displaying the photo of the photographic subject unaltered. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. 11. The method of claim 1 wherein the indicia is capable of switching from on to off or off to on. 12. A method of disclosing a photo having an indicia indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject comprising:
storing the photo with the indicia incorporated in the photo on a social network system, the indicia regulating who can view the photo without alteration, wherein the indicia is invisible to the naked eye; requesting the photo by a user from the social network system; accessing a database to check if the user has permission to view the photo; and when the user has permission, the user viewing the photo without alteration and when the user does not have permission, the user viewing the photo with alteration. 13. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. 14. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 15. The method of claim 12 wherein the indicia is capable of switching from on to off or off to on. 16. The method of claim 12 wherein the alteration is masking the face of the photographic subject. 17. The method of claim 12 wherein the alteration is blurring the face of the photographic subject. 18. A computer program product for prohibiting personal information identification of a photographic subject, the computer program product comprising a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, wherein the computer readable storage medium is not a transitory signal per se, the program instructions executable by a processor to cause the processor to perform a method comprising:
digitally photographing the photographic subject to form a photo of the photographic subject, the photographic subject having an indicia incorporated in the photo indicating prohibiting personal information identification of the photographic subject, the indicia being invisible to the human eye; reading the indicia; responsive to reading the indicia, processing the indicia to make a determination when the indicia prohibits identification of personal information of the photographic subject; and disclosing on a social network system the photo and the personal information of the photographic subject according to the determination. 19. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein the indicia contains metadata that is stored with the photo, the metadata identifying the photographic subject and the personal information identification prohibition. 20. The computer program product of claim 18 wherein the indicia comprises an ink that has high absorbability of light in the wavelength range of 700 to 2500 nm. | 2,600 |
349,975 | 350,849 | 16,854,813 | 2,661 | A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support flexible reconfiguration of a network chip by an external entity, such as a baseboard management controller (BMC), while maintaining a secured environment for the chip so that it can booted securely. Specifically, the network chip is configured to designate one or more of its networking ports to the BMC and allow the BMC to configure the designated networking ports without violating the secure areas of the network chip. To this end, the network chip is configured to allow the BMC to access a plurality of registers of the network chip via an Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) block of the network chip by issuing a plurality NC-SI compliant commands. By configuring the designated networking ports, the BMC is configured to establish a data path to a management software of a platform that includes the network chip though the designated networking ports. | 1. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
said network chip configured to:
provide and designate the one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller;
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 2. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller so that the external controller functions independently of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
said network chip configured to:
provide and designate the one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller;
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 3. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
communicate with the management software over the network even when core of the network chip are not functioning properly;
said network chip configured to:
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 4. An external controller to support flexible configuration of a network chip, wherein the external controller is configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports provided and designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports of the network chip over the network along the data path. 5. A network chip to support flexible configuration by an external controller, wherein the network chip is configured to:
provide and designate one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller; enable direct access to a plurality of registers of the network chip by the external controller to configure the one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establish a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is a baseboard management controller (BMC) configured to monitor physical state of the network chip and communicate with the management software of the platform of the network chip over the network. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is a System On Chip (SOC), which includes one or more coprocessors/cores and memory units. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of registers being directly accessed by the external controller include at least those associated with networking-related components of the network chip, wherein the registers are responsible for interfacing to the network via the networking ports and/or merging or splitting management traffic going from/to the external controller. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to provide access to the networking ports without circumventing security feature of the network chip or allowing the external controller to access to secure areas of the network chip used to boot the network chip securely. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to designate the registers to be accessed by the external controller to be in either a secure address map or a non-secure address map by configuring corresponding devices of the registers in an address space of the network chip. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to assert control over which registers and/or networking ports the external controller is allowed access. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is configured to handle one or more errors that occur during operation or configuration of the network chip. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is configured to configure the networking ports of the network chip by initiating/issuing a plurality of Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) compliant commands to configure the plurality of registers of the network chip. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the network chip is configured to integrate an NC-SI block on the same chip, wherein the NC-SI block is configured to provide an interface and protocol control between the network chip and the external controller over an NC-SI bus. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to examine each of the data packets to determine whether the data packet is an NC-SI command or a pass through packet. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the external controller is configured to work under in-band management, wherein the external controller shares the one or more networking ports integrated in the network chip through the NC-SI block. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to check access permission to the registers by the external controller based on a plurality of pre-specified access policies. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to provide a permissions table that contains values indicating allowed access to the registers in the network chip by the external controller, wherein default values of the values in the permissions table allow minimal and non-secured access by the external controller to only those registers that are network related. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to maintain the permissions table in a secured address space, wherein the permissions table cannot be changed except by a secured request. 20. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports of a network chip for communication with an external controller of the network chip; directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 21. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports of a network chip for communication with an external controller of the network chip; directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller so that the external controller functions independently of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 22. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
directly accessing a plurality of registers of a network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with an external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; communicating with the management software over the network even when core of the network chip are not functioning properly; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 23. A method to support flexible configuration of a network chip, comprising:
directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports provided and designated by the network chip for communication with an external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports of the network chip over the network along the data path. 24. A method to support flexible configuration of a network chip, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports for communication with an external controller; enabling direct access to a plurality of registers of the network chip by the external controller to configure the one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
providing access to the networking ports without circumventing security feature of the network chip or allowing the external controller to access to secure areas of the network chip used to boot the network chip securely. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
designating the registers to be accessed by the external controller to be in either a secure address map or a non-secure address map by configuring corresponding devices of the registers in an address space of the network chip. 27. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
asserting control over which registers and/or networking ports the external controller is allowed access. 28. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
handling errors that occur during operation or configuration of the network chip. 29. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
configuring the networking ports of the network chip by initiating/issuing a plurality of Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) compliant commands to configure the plurality of registers of the network chip. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
integrating an NC-SI block on the same chip, wherein the NC-SI block is configured to provide an interface and protocol control between the network chip and the external controller over an NC-SI bus. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
examining via the NC-SI block each of the data packets to determine whether the data packet is an NC-SI command or a pass through packet. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
enabling the external controller to work under in-band management, wherein the external controller shares the one or more networking ports integrated in the network chip through the NC-SI block. 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
checking access permission to the registers by the external controller based on a plurality of pre-specified access policies. 34. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
providing a permissions table that contains values indicating allowed access to the registers in the network chip by the external controller, wherein default values of the values in the permissions table allow minimal and non-secured access by the external controller to only those registers that are network related. 35. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
maintaining the permissions table in a secured address space, wherein the permissions table cannot be changed except by a secured request. | A new approach is proposed that contemplates systems and methods to support flexible reconfiguration of a network chip by an external entity, such as a baseboard management controller (BMC), while maintaining a secured environment for the chip so that it can booted securely. Specifically, the network chip is configured to designate one or more of its networking ports to the BMC and allow the BMC to configure the designated networking ports without violating the secure areas of the network chip. To this end, the network chip is configured to allow the BMC to access a plurality of registers of the network chip via an Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) block of the network chip by issuing a plurality NC-SI compliant commands. By configuring the designated networking ports, the BMC is configured to establish a data path to a management software of a platform that includes the network chip though the designated networking ports.1. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
said network chip configured to:
provide and designate the one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller;
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 2. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller so that the external controller functions independently of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
said network chip configured to:
provide and designate the one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller;
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 3. A system to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
an external controller of a network chip configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip;
establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip;
communicate with the management software over the network even when core of the network chip are not functioning properly;
said network chip configured to:
receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 4. An external controller to support flexible configuration of a network chip, wherein the external controller is configured to:
directly access a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports provided and designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establish a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports of the network chip over the network along the data path. 5. A network chip to support flexible configuration by an external controller, wherein the network chip is configured to:
provide and designate one or more networking ports for communication with the external controller; enable direct access to a plurality of registers of the network chip by the external controller to configure the one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establish a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receive and transmit data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is a baseboard management controller (BMC) configured to monitor physical state of the network chip and communicate with the management software of the platform of the network chip over the network. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is a System On Chip (SOC), which includes one or more coprocessors/cores and memory units. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of registers being directly accessed by the external controller include at least those associated with networking-related components of the network chip, wherein the registers are responsible for interfacing to the network via the networking ports and/or merging or splitting management traffic going from/to the external controller. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to provide access to the networking ports without circumventing security feature of the network chip or allowing the external controller to access to secure areas of the network chip used to boot the network chip securely. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to designate the registers to be accessed by the external controller to be in either a secure address map or a non-secure address map by configuring corresponding devices of the registers in an address space of the network chip. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the network chip is configured to assert control over which registers and/or networking ports the external controller is allowed access. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is configured to handle one or more errors that occur during operation or configuration of the network chip. 13. The system of claim 1, wherein:
the external controller is configured to configure the networking ports of the network chip by initiating/issuing a plurality of Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) compliant commands to configure the plurality of registers of the network chip. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein:
the network chip is configured to integrate an NC-SI block on the same chip, wherein the NC-SI block is configured to provide an interface and protocol control between the network chip and the external controller over an NC-SI bus. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to examine each of the data packets to determine whether the data packet is an NC-SI command or a pass through packet. 16. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the external controller is configured to work under in-band management, wherein the external controller shares the one or more networking ports integrated in the network chip through the NC-SI block. 17. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to check access permission to the registers by the external controller based on a plurality of pre-specified access policies. 18. The system of claim 14, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to provide a permissions table that contains values indicating allowed access to the registers in the network chip by the external controller, wherein default values of the values in the permissions table allow minimal and non-secured access by the external controller to only those registers that are network related. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein:
the NC-SI block is configured to maintain the permissions table in a secured address space, wherein the permissions table cannot be changed except by a secured request. 20. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports of a network chip for communication with an external controller of the network chip; directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 21. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports of a network chip for communication with an external controller of the network chip; directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with the external controller so that the external controller functions independently of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 22. A method to support flexible chip configuration, comprising:
directly accessing a plurality of registers of a network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports designated by the network chip for communication with an external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; communicating with the management software over the network even when core of the network chip are not functioning properly; receiving and transmitting one or more data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 23. A method to support flexible configuration of a network chip, comprising:
directly accessing a plurality of registers of the network chip in order to configure one or more networking ports provided and designated by the network chip for communication with an external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of a platform of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports of the network chip over the network along the data path. 24. A method to support flexible configuration of a network chip, comprising:
providing and designating one or more networking ports for communication with an external controller; enabling direct access to a plurality of registers of the network chip by the external controller to configure the one or more networking ports designated for communication with the external controller without violating secure areas of the network chip; establishing a data path to access a management software of the network chip over a network through the networking ports of the network chip; receiving and transmitting data packets between the external controller and the management software through the designated networking ports over the network along the data path. 25. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
providing access to the networking ports without circumventing security feature of the network chip or allowing the external controller to access to secure areas of the network chip used to boot the network chip securely. 26. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
designating the registers to be accessed by the external controller to be in either a secure address map or a non-secure address map by configuring corresponding devices of the registers in an address space of the network chip. 27. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
asserting control over which registers and/or networking ports the external controller is allowed access. 28. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
handling errors that occur during operation or configuration of the network chip. 29. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
configuring the networking ports of the network chip by initiating/issuing a plurality of Network Controller Sideband Interface (NC-SI) compliant commands to configure the plurality of registers of the network chip. 30. The method of claim 29, further comprising:
integrating an NC-SI block on the same chip, wherein the NC-SI block is configured to provide an interface and protocol control between the network chip and the external controller over an NC-SI bus. 31. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
examining via the NC-SI block each of the data packets to determine whether the data packet is an NC-SI command or a pass through packet. 32. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
enabling the external controller to work under in-band management, wherein the external controller shares the one or more networking ports integrated in the network chip through the NC-SI block. 33. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
checking access permission to the registers by the external controller based on a plurality of pre-specified access policies. 34. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
providing a permissions table that contains values indicating allowed access to the registers in the network chip by the external controller, wherein default values of the values in the permissions table allow minimal and non-secured access by the external controller to only those registers that are network related. 35. The method of claim 30, further comprising:
maintaining the permissions table in a secured address space, wherein the permissions table cannot be changed except by a secured request. | 2,600 |
349,976 | 350,850 | 16,854,817 | 2,661 | Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a matrix for vitrifying radioactive waste, including: grinding natural magmatic rocks; and melting the ground product at 1450-1500° C. for 3-4.5 h followed by moulding and annealing to produce the matrix. The matrix includes 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. The matrix is doped with simulated radioactive waste, ground, melted, moulded and annealed to obtain a glass wasteform with good chemical and thermal stability. | 1. A method for preparing a matrix for vitrification of radioactive waste, comprising:
(1) grinding a natural magmatic rock; (2) melting the ground natural magmatic rock at 1450-1500° C. for 3-4.5 h; (3) moulding the melted product in a mold preheated to 700-850° C.; and (4) keeping the moulded product at 600-700° C. for 1-2 h followed by cooling to room temperature at a rate of 1-2° C./min to prepare the matrix for the vitrification of the radioactive waste. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. 5. A method for preparing a glass wasteform of radioactive waste, comprising:
(1) grinding and mixing 93%-99% by weight of the matrix of claim 1 with 1%-7% by weight of simulated radioactive waste to produce a mixture; wherein the simulated radioactive waste is MoO3 or Nd2O3; (2) melting the mixture at 1100-1300° C. for 3-4.5 h; (3) moulding the melted product in a mold preheated to 700-850° C.; and (4) keeping the moulded product at 600-700° C. for 1-2 h followed by cooling to room temperature at a rate of 1-2° C./min to prepare the glass wasteform of radioactive waste. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the grinding in step (1) is crushing by a jaw crusher and then milling by a ball mill. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), 93%-95% by weight of the matrix and 1%-5% by weight of the simulated radioactive waste are mixed; and the simulated radioactive waste is MoO3. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2 and 1.99%. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2 and 3.90%. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. | Disclosed herein is a method for preparing a matrix for vitrifying radioactive waste, including: grinding natural magmatic rocks; and melting the ground product at 1450-1500° C. for 3-4.5 h followed by moulding and annealing to produce the matrix. The matrix includes 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. The matrix is doped with simulated radioactive waste, ground, melted, moulded and annealed to obtain a glass wasteform with good chemical and thermal stability.1. A method for preparing a matrix for vitrification of radioactive waste, comprising:
(1) grinding a natural magmatic rock; (2) melting the ground natural magmatic rock at 1450-1500° C. for 3-4.5 h; (3) moulding the melted product in a mold preheated to 700-850° C.; and (4) keeping the moulded product at 600-700° C. for 1-2 h followed by cooling to room temperature at a rate of 1-2° C./min to prepare the matrix for the vitrification of the radioactive waste. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the matrix obtained in step (4) comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. 5. A method for preparing a glass wasteform of radioactive waste, comprising:
(1) grinding and mixing 93%-99% by weight of the matrix of claim 1 with 1%-7% by weight of simulated radioactive waste to produce a mixture; wherein the simulated radioactive waste is MoO3 or Nd2O3; (2) melting the mixture at 1100-1300° C. for 3-4.5 h; (3) moulding the melted product in a mold preheated to 700-850° C.; and (4) keeping the moulded product at 600-700° C. for 1-2 h followed by cooling to room temperature at a rate of 1-2° C./min to prepare the glass wasteform of radioactive waste. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the grinding in step (1) is crushing by a jaw crusher and then milling by a ball mill. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), 93%-95% by weight of the matrix and 1%-5% by weight of the simulated radioactive waste are mixed; and the simulated radioactive waste is MoO3. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 45%-65% by weight of SiO2, 9%-18% by weight of Al2O3, 4%-12% by weight of CaO, 3%-10% by weight of MgO, 6%-16% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2%-9% by weight of Na2O+K2O and 1%-5% by weight of TiO2. 11. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 12. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2. 13. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises49.70% by weight of SiO2, 14.83% by weight of Al2O3, 8.76% by weight of CaO, 4.27% by weight of MgO, 10.52% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 4.78% by weight of Na2O, 1.99% by weight of K2O and 3.16% by weight of TiO2 and 1.99%. 14. The method of claim 5, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2 and 3.90%. 15. The method of claim 6, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. 16. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (1), the matrix comprises 47.73% by weight of SiO2, 14.22% by weight of Al2O3, 9.29% by weight of CaO, 4.81% by weight of MgO, 13.01% by weight of Fe2O3+FeO, 2.19% by weight of Na2O, 1.48% by weight of K2O and 3.37% by weight of TiO2. | 2,600 |
349,977 | 350,851 | 16,854,788 | 2,661 | An apparatus, including: a deterministic monitored device; an interconnect to communicatively couple the monitored device to a support circuit; a super queue to queue transactions between the monitored device and the support circuit, the super queue including an operational segment and a shadow segment; a debug data structure; and a system management agent to monitor transactions in the operational segment, log corresponding transaction identifiers in the shadow segment, and write debug data to the debug data structure, wherein the debug data are at least partly based on the corresponding transaction identifiers. | 1.-24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus, comprising:
a deterministic device; support circuitry coupled to the deterministic device via an interface; wherein the deterministic device comprises a super queue to log outbound transactions from the deterministic device to the support circuitry and log inbound transactions from the support circuitry to the deterministic core corresponding to the outbound transactions; and wherein the support circuitry comprises a system management agent to write debug data to a debug data structure based on the logged inbound transactions in the super queue. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the support circuitry is non-deterministic. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the super queue comprises an operational segment to log the outbound transactions, and a shadow segment to log the inbound transactions. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the operational segment and shadow segment are equal in size. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the super queue is to store read operations as outbound transactions in the operational segment, and inbound write operations corresponding to the read operations in the shadow segment. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the super queue to log, in the shadow segment, a time stamp for the inbound write and a result code. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the super queue is further to log, in the shadow segment, the inbound data associated with the inbound write. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising circuitry coupled to the interface to capture one or more of asynchronous transactions and snoops. 33. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the deterministic device is a processor core. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the support circuitry is an uncore circuit. 35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the support circuitry is an intellectual property (IP) block. 36. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the deterministic device is a graphics processor. 37. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the apparatus is a system-on-chip (SoC). 38. A system, comprising:
a deterministic core; non-deterministic support circuitry; an interface to communicatively couple the core to the support circuitry; and an emulation store; wherein the deterministic device comprises a super queue to log outbound transactions from the deterministic device to the non-deterministic support circuitry and log inbound transactions from the non-deterministic support circuitry to the deterministic core corresponding to the outbound transactions; and wherein the non-deterministic support circuitry comprises a system management agent to write debug data to a debug data structure based on the logged inbound transactions in the super queue. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the super queue comprises an operational segment to log the outbound transactions, and a shadow segment to log the inbound transactions. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the operational segment and shadow segment are equal in size. 41. The system of claim 39, wherein the super queue is to store read operations as outbound transactions in the operational segment, and inbound write operations corresponding to the read operations in the shadow segment. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the super queue to log, in the shadow segment, a time stamp for the inbound write and a result code. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the super queue is further to log, in the shadow segment, the inbound data associated with the inbound write. 44. The system of claim 38, further comprising circuitry coupled to the interface to capture one or more of asynchronous transactions and snoops. | An apparatus, including: a deterministic monitored device; an interconnect to communicatively couple the monitored device to a support circuit; a super queue to queue transactions between the monitored device and the support circuit, the super queue including an operational segment and a shadow segment; a debug data structure; and a system management agent to monitor transactions in the operational segment, log corresponding transaction identifiers in the shadow segment, and write debug data to the debug data structure, wherein the debug data are at least partly based on the corresponding transaction identifiers.1.-24. (canceled) 25. An apparatus, comprising:
a deterministic device; support circuitry coupled to the deterministic device via an interface; wherein the deterministic device comprises a super queue to log outbound transactions from the deterministic device to the support circuitry and log inbound transactions from the support circuitry to the deterministic core corresponding to the outbound transactions; and wherein the support circuitry comprises a system management agent to write debug data to a debug data structure based on the logged inbound transactions in the super queue. 26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the support circuitry is non-deterministic. 27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the super queue comprises an operational segment to log the outbound transactions, and a shadow segment to log the inbound transactions. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the operational segment and shadow segment are equal in size. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the super queue is to store read operations as outbound transactions in the operational segment, and inbound write operations corresponding to the read operations in the shadow segment. 30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein the super queue to log, in the shadow segment, a time stamp for the inbound write and a result code. 31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the super queue is further to log, in the shadow segment, the inbound data associated with the inbound write. 32. The apparatus of claim 25, further comprising circuitry coupled to the interface to capture one or more of asynchronous transactions and snoops. 33. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the deterministic device is a processor core. 34. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the support circuitry is an uncore circuit. 35. The apparatus of claim 33, wherein the support circuitry is an intellectual property (IP) block. 36. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the deterministic device is a graphics processor. 37. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein the apparatus is a system-on-chip (SoC). 38. A system, comprising:
a deterministic core; non-deterministic support circuitry; an interface to communicatively couple the core to the support circuitry; and an emulation store; wherein the deterministic device comprises a super queue to log outbound transactions from the deterministic device to the non-deterministic support circuitry and log inbound transactions from the non-deterministic support circuitry to the deterministic core corresponding to the outbound transactions; and wherein the non-deterministic support circuitry comprises a system management agent to write debug data to a debug data structure based on the logged inbound transactions in the super queue. 39. The system of claim 38, wherein the super queue comprises an operational segment to log the outbound transactions, and a shadow segment to log the inbound transactions. 40. The system of claim 39, wherein the operational segment and shadow segment are equal in size. 41. The system of claim 39, wherein the super queue is to store read operations as outbound transactions in the operational segment, and inbound write operations corresponding to the read operations in the shadow segment. 42. The system of claim 41, wherein the super queue to log, in the shadow segment, a time stamp for the inbound write and a result code. 43. The system of claim 42, wherein the super queue is further to log, in the shadow segment, the inbound data associated with the inbound write. 44. The system of claim 38, further comprising circuitry coupled to the interface to capture one or more of asynchronous transactions and snoops. | 2,600 |
349,978 | 350,852 | 16,854,791 | 2,661 | A light emitting device includes a light emitting element adapted to emit blue light, quantum dots that absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit green light, and at least one of a KSF phosphor adapted to absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light and a MGF phosphor adapted to absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light. | 1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a light emitting element adapted to emit blue light; a sealing resin covering the light emitting element; a phosphor included in the sealing resin and adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light; and a quantum dot layer disposed outside the sealing resin, the quantum dot layer including quantum dots adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit green light, wherein the phosphor has a half-width of an emission peak of 35 nm or less. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the quantum dot layer is sheet-shaped and is spaced apart from the sealing resin. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein a light guide plate is disposed between the sealing resin and the quantum dot layer. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 3,
wherein the sealing resin is disposed facing one side surface of the light guide plate, and the quantum dot layer is disposed facing an upper surface of the light guide plate. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin further includes fillers. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the light emitting element and the sealing resin constitute a part of a light emitting element package and wherein chromaticity of light emitted from the light emitting element package is in a quadrangular region formed by connecting four points of (0.4066, 0.1532), (0.3858, 0.1848), (0.1866, 0.0983) and (0.1706, 0.0157) on xy chromaticity coordinate system of CIE1931 chromaticity diagram. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the light emitting element and the sealing resin constitute a part of a light emitting element package and wherein chromaticity of light emitted from the light emitting element package is in a quadrangular region formed by connecting four points of (0.19, 0.099779), (0.19, 0.027013), (0.3, 0.09111) and (0.3, 0.14753) on xy chromaticity coordinate system of CIE1931 chromaticity diagram. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the phosphor includes at least one of a KSF phosphor and a MGF phosphor, the KSF phosphor being adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light, and the MGF phosphor being adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light and wherein the KSF phosphor is a compound having the chemical formula:
A2[M1−aMn4+ aF6] (1)
where A is at least one selected from the group consisting of K+, Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH4+, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 4 elements and Group 14 elements, and
0<a<0.2;
wherein the MGF phosphor is a compound having the chemical formula:
(x−a)MgO·(a/2)Sc2O3·yMgF2·cCaF2·(1−b)GeO2·(b/2)Mt2O3:zMn4+ (2)
where 2.0≤x≤4.0, 0<y<1.5, 0<z<0.05, 0≤a<0.5, 0<b<0.5, 0≤c<1.5, y+c<1.5, and Mt is at least one element selected from Al, Ga and In. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the KSF phosphor or the MGF phosphor have a particle size of 20 μm to 50 μm. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the sealing resin includes the KSF phosphor. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the KSF phosphor is disposed in the quantum dot layer. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the sealing resin includes the KSF phosphor, and wherein the quantum dot is made of CdSe or a core-shell CdSxSe1−x/ZnS. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the quantum dot has a particle size of 2 nm to 10 nm. | A light emitting device includes a light emitting element adapted to emit blue light, quantum dots that absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit green light, and at least one of a KSF phosphor adapted to absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light and a MGF phosphor adapted to absorb part of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light.1. A light emitting device, comprising:
a light emitting element adapted to emit blue light; a sealing resin covering the light emitting element; a phosphor included in the sealing resin and adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light; and a quantum dot layer disposed outside the sealing resin, the quantum dot layer including quantum dots adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit green light, wherein the phosphor has a half-width of an emission peak of 35 nm or less. 2. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the quantum dot layer is sheet-shaped and is spaced apart from the sealing resin. 3. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein a light guide plate is disposed between the sealing resin and the quantum dot layer. 4. The light emitting device according to claim 3,
wherein the sealing resin is disposed facing one side surface of the light guide plate, and the quantum dot layer is disposed facing an upper surface of the light guide plate. 5. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the sealing resin further includes fillers. 6. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the light emitting element and the sealing resin constitute a part of a light emitting element package and wherein chromaticity of light emitted from the light emitting element package is in a quadrangular region formed by connecting four points of (0.4066, 0.1532), (0.3858, 0.1848), (0.1866, 0.0983) and (0.1706, 0.0157) on xy chromaticity coordinate system of CIE1931 chromaticity diagram. 7. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the light emitting element and the sealing resin constitute a part of a light emitting element package and wherein chromaticity of light emitted from the light emitting element package is in a quadrangular region formed by connecting four points of (0.19, 0.099779), (0.19, 0.027013), (0.3, 0.09111) and (0.3, 0.14753) on xy chromaticity coordinate system of CIE1931 chromaticity diagram. 8. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the phosphor includes at least one of a KSF phosphor and a MGF phosphor, the KSF phosphor being adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light, and the MGF phosphor being adapted to absorb a portion of the blue light emitted from the light emitting element to emit red light and wherein the KSF phosphor is a compound having the chemical formula:
A2[M1−aMn4+ aF6] (1)
where A is at least one selected from the group consisting of K+, Li+, Na+, Rb+, Cs+, and NH4+, M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 4 elements and Group 14 elements, and
0<a<0.2;
wherein the MGF phosphor is a compound having the chemical formula:
(x−a)MgO·(a/2)Sc2O3·yMgF2·cCaF2·(1−b)GeO2·(b/2)Mt2O3:zMn4+ (2)
where 2.0≤x≤4.0, 0<y<1.5, 0<z<0.05, 0≤a<0.5, 0<b<0.5, 0≤c<1.5, y+c<1.5, and Mt is at least one element selected from Al, Ga and In. 9. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the KSF phosphor or the MGF phosphor have a particle size of 20 μm to 50 μm. 10. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the sealing resin includes the KSF phosphor. 11. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the KSF phosphor is disposed in the quantum dot layer. 12. The light emitting device according to claim 8,
wherein the sealing resin includes the KSF phosphor, and wherein the quantum dot is made of CdSe or a core-shell CdSxSe1−x/ZnS. 13. The light emitting device according to claim 1,
wherein the quantum dot has a particle size of 2 nm to 10 nm. | 2,600 |
349,979 | 350,853 | 16,854,753 | 2,661 | A method for facilitating travel reservations is described. The method may commence with receiving a travel-related query from a user and parsing the travel-related query to derive at least one attribute of the travel-related query. One or more further users may be selected based on comparing the at least one attribute of the user with attributes of the one or more further users. The at least one attribute of the user may be ranked based on preference data of the one or more further users. The method may continue with assigning weights to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute. Feasible travel itineraries may be searched based on the at least one attribute. The feasible travel itineraries may be scored based on the at least one weighted attribute and travel itineraries selected based on the scoring may be presented. | 1. A system for facilitating travel reservations, the system comprising:
a processor operable to: receive a travel-related query from a user via a user device; rank at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assign weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; score feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmit the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; a parser in communication with the processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the travel related query includes one or more of: a natural language query, a typed text query, and a selection of preexisting options. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising the database configured with a predefined user preference. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising the predefined user preference being responsive to the travel related query. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising the database configured with a predefined preference. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising the database configured with a preference learning element. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising the database configured with a preference representation. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising the database configured to receive a rating and a recommendation of a traveler. 10. A method for facilitating travel reservations, the method comprising:
receiving a travel-related query from a user via a user device; ranking at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assigning weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; scoring feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmitting the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; establishing a parser in communication with a processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising establishing a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the travel related query includes one or more of: a natural language query, a typed text query, and a selection of preexisting options. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising configuring the database with a predefined user preference. 14. The method of claim 15, further comprising the predefined user preference being responsive to the travel related query. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising configuring the database with a predefined preference. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising configuring the database with a preference learning element. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising configuring the database with a preference representation. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising configuring the database to receive a rating and a recommendation of a traveler. 19. A system for facilitating travel reservations, the system comprising:
a processor operable to: receive a travel-related query from a user via a user device, the travel-related query including at least a natural language query; receive a selection of one or more identifiers from the user, wherein the one or more identifiers include one or more of: a gender, an age, an education, interests, and a hobby; rank at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assign weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; score feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmit the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present, to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; receive a feedback associated with the at least one travel itinerary from the user, wherein the feedback includes one or more of: a rating associated with the at least one travel itinerary, a recommendation associated with the at least one travel itinerary, and a review associated with the at least one travel itinerary; a parser in communication with the processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. | A method for facilitating travel reservations is described. The method may commence with receiving a travel-related query from a user and parsing the travel-related query to derive at least one attribute of the travel-related query. One or more further users may be selected based on comparing the at least one attribute of the user with attributes of the one or more further users. The at least one attribute of the user may be ranked based on preference data of the one or more further users. The method may continue with assigning weights to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute. Feasible travel itineraries may be searched based on the at least one attribute. The feasible travel itineraries may be scored based on the at least one weighted attribute and travel itineraries selected based on the scoring may be presented.1. A system for facilitating travel reservations, the system comprising:
a processor operable to: receive a travel-related query from a user via a user device; rank at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assign weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; score feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmit the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; a parser in communication with the processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the travel related query includes one or more of: a natural language query, a typed text query, and a selection of preexisting options. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising the database configured with a predefined user preference. 5. The system of claim 4, further comprising the predefined user preference being responsive to the travel related query. 6. The system of claim 5, further comprising the database configured with a predefined preference. 7. The system of claim 6, further comprising the database configured with a preference learning element. 8. The system of claim 7, further comprising the database configured with a preference representation. 9. The system of claim 8, further comprising the database configured to receive a rating and a recommendation of a traveler. 10. A method for facilitating travel reservations, the method comprising:
receiving a travel-related query from a user via a user device; ranking at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assigning weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; scoring feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmitting the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; establishing a parser in communication with a processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising establishing a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the travel related query includes one or more of: a natural language query, a typed text query, and a selection of preexisting options. 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising configuring the database with a predefined user preference. 14. The method of claim 15, further comprising the predefined user preference being responsive to the travel related query. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising configuring the database with a predefined preference. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising configuring the database with a preference learning element. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising configuring the database with a preference representation. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising configuring the database to receive a rating and a recommendation of a traveler. 19. A system for facilitating travel reservations, the system comprising:
a processor operable to: receive a travel-related query from a user via a user device, the travel-related query including at least a natural language query; receive a selection of one or more identifiers from the user, wherein the one or more identifiers include one or more of: a gender, an age, an education, interests, and a hobby; rank at least one attribute of the user with respect to travel itineraries; assign weight to the at least one attribute based on the ranking to create at least one weighted attribute; score feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one weighted attribute; transmit the feasible travel itineraries to the user device to present, to the user via the user device, at least one travel itinerary selected from the feasible travel itineraries based on the scoring; receive a feedback associated with the at least one travel itinerary from the user, wherein the feedback includes one or more of: a rating associated with the at least one travel itinerary, a recommendation associated with the at least one travel itinerary, and a review associated with the at least one travel itinerary; a parser in communication with the processor and operable to: parse the travel-related query to derive the at least one attribute related to the travel-related query; and search for the feasible travel itineraries based on the at least one attribute. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a database of prepared itineraries responsive to the travel-related query. | 2,600 |
349,980 | 350,854 | 16,854,769 | 2,661 | In certain aspects, a chip includes a pad, and a first passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the first passivation layer extends over a first portion of the pad. The chip also includes a first metal layer between the first portion of the pad and the first portion of the first passivation layer. The chip further includes an under bump metallization (UBM) electrically coupled to a second portion of the pad. | 1. A chip, comprising:
a pad; a first passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the first passivation layer extends over a first portion of the pad; a first metal layer between the first portion of the pad and the first portion of the first passivation layer; and an under bump metallization (UBM) electrically coupled to a second portion of the pad. 2. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 3. The chip of claim 2, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 4. The chip of claim 2, wherein the first passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. 5. The chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and metal electrodes on the piezoelectric layer, wherein a second portion of the first passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes. 6. The chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal layer on a portion of the first metal layer; and a second passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the second passivation layer extends over the second metal layer. 7. The chip of claim 6, wherein the second metal layer comprises aluminum or an aluminum copper alloy. 8. The chip of claim 7, wherein first metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 9. The chip of claim 8, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 10. The chip of claim 6, wherein the second passivation layer comprises silicon oxide and the first passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. 11. The chip of claim 6, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and metal electrodes on the piezoelectric layer, wherein a second portion of the second passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes. 12. The chip of claim 11, wherein a second portion of the first passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes and the second portion of the second passivation layer. 13. The chip of claim 12, further comprising a third passivation layer between the second portion of the first passivation layer and the second portion of the second passivation layer. 14. The chip of claim 13, wherein the third passivation layer comprises benzocyclobutene (BCB). 15. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer has a thickness of between 10 nanometers and 300 nanometers. 16. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first passivation layer and the first metal layer do not extend over the second portion of the pad. 17. The chip of claim 1, wherein the UBM contacts a surface of the second portion of the pad. 18. The chip of claim 1, wherein the UBM comprises nickel. 19. The chip of claim 1, further comprising a solder bump on the UBM. 20. The chip of claim 1, wherein a portion of the UBM extends partially over the first portion of the first passivation layer and the first portion of the first metal layer. 21. The chip of claim 20, further comprising a solder bump on the UBM. 22. A method of manufacture, comprising:
forming a pad; depositing a metal layer on the pad; depositing a passivation layer over the metal layer; removing a portion of the passivation layer and a portion of the metal layer to expose a portion of the pad; and depositing an under bump metallization (UBM) on the portion of the pad. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising depositing a solder bump on the UBM. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. | In certain aspects, a chip includes a pad, and a first passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the first passivation layer extends over a first portion of the pad. The chip also includes a first metal layer between the first portion of the pad and the first portion of the first passivation layer. The chip further includes an under bump metallization (UBM) electrically coupled to a second portion of the pad.1. A chip, comprising:
a pad; a first passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the first passivation layer extends over a first portion of the pad; a first metal layer between the first portion of the pad and the first portion of the first passivation layer; and an under bump metallization (UBM) electrically coupled to a second portion of the pad. 2. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 3. The chip of claim 2, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 4. The chip of claim 2, wherein the first passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. 5. The chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and metal electrodes on the piezoelectric layer, wherein a second portion of the first passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes. 6. The chip of claim 1, further comprising:
a second metal layer on a portion of the first metal layer; and a second passivation layer, wherein a first portion of the second passivation layer extends over the second metal layer. 7. The chip of claim 6, wherein the second metal layer comprises aluminum or an aluminum copper alloy. 8. The chip of claim 7, wherein first metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 9. The chip of claim 8, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 10. The chip of claim 6, wherein the second passivation layer comprises silicon oxide and the first passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. 11. The chip of claim 6, further comprising:
a piezoelectric layer; and metal electrodes on the piezoelectric layer, wherein a second portion of the second passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes. 12. The chip of claim 11, wherein a second portion of the first passivation layer extends over the metal electrodes and the second portion of the second passivation layer. 13. The chip of claim 12, further comprising a third passivation layer between the second portion of the first passivation layer and the second portion of the second passivation layer. 14. The chip of claim 13, wherein the third passivation layer comprises benzocyclobutene (BCB). 15. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first metal layer has a thickness of between 10 nanometers and 300 nanometers. 16. The chip of claim 1, wherein the first passivation layer and the first metal layer do not extend over the second portion of the pad. 17. The chip of claim 1, wherein the UBM contacts a surface of the second portion of the pad. 18. The chip of claim 1, wherein the UBM comprises nickel. 19. The chip of claim 1, further comprising a solder bump on the UBM. 20. The chip of claim 1, wherein a portion of the UBM extends partially over the first portion of the first passivation layer and the first portion of the first metal layer. 21. The chip of claim 20, further comprising a solder bump on the UBM. 22. A method of manufacture, comprising:
forming a pad; depositing a metal layer on the pad; depositing a passivation layer over the metal layer; removing a portion of the passivation layer and a portion of the metal layer to expose a portion of the pad; and depositing an under bump metallization (UBM) on the portion of the pad. 23. The method of claim 22, further comprising depositing a solder bump on the UBM. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the metal layer comprises titanium, chromium, or tungsten. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the pad comprises aluminum, an aluminum copper alloy, or copper. 26. The method of claim 24, wherein the passivation layer comprises silicon nitride, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, or aluminum nitride. | 2,600 |
349,981 | 350,855 | 16,854,809 | 2,661 | A method of producing a cosmetic applicator via injection molding is described. In the method, a thermoplastic material is introduced into a mold cavity. The mold cavity comprises a surface which engages the thermoplastic material. The surface may provide micro-etched features recessed therein. | 1. A method of producing a cosmetics applicator, comprising the step of:
introducing a thermoplastic material into a mold cavity, the mold cavity comprising a surface which engages the thermoplastic material, the surface comprising a plurality of micro-etched features recessed therein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each micro-etched feature has a depth between 0.08 millimeters (mm) and 0.35 mm. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the mold cavity comprises one or more smooth areas, the one or more smooth areas comprising at least one of a non-micro etched surface or a micro-etched surface having a depth less than 0.08 mm. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of micro-etched features is separated by a first smooth area of the one or more smooth areas. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the depth of a first micro-etched feature is not equal to the depth of a second micro-etched feature. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a pattern of the plurality of micro-etched features defines a flocking geometry. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mold cavity surface has a distal end separated from a proximal end by an intermediate portion, and
wherein the flocking geometry is at least partially defined by a first set of micro-etched features in the intermediate portion having a deeper depth than the respective depths of a second set of micro-etched features in the plurality of micro-etched features and a third set of micro-etched features in the plurality of micro-etched features. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the distal end of the mold cavity is configured to produce a free end of the applicator, and the proximal end of the mold cavity is configured to produce at least a portion of a handle of the applicator. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the mold cavity tapers from the intermediate portion to the distal end such that a cross-sectional area of the mold cavity taken transverse to a length of the mold cavity at the distal end is less than a cross-sectional area taken transverse to the length of the mold cavity in the intermediate portion. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mold cavity is formed within a mold body, the mold body comprising a first mold body portion in face-to-face relationship with a second mold body portion wherein a first portion of the mold cavity is recessed within the first mold body portion and a second portion of the mold cavity is recessed within the second mold body portion. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of micro-etched features is located within one of the first portion of the mold cavity or the second portion of the mold cavity. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermoplastic material has a hardness less than or equal to 60 Shore A. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the thermoplastic material is an elastomer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
introducing the thermoplastic material into the mold cavity at a temperature greater than a temperature at which the thermoplastic material melts, such that the thermoplastic material is in a completely molten state; and solidifying the thermoplastic material within the mold cavity such that the mold cavity surface finish is transferred to the applicator as the thermoplastic material solidifies. 15. An applicator produced according to the method of claim 14, the applicator comprising:
a head of a thermoplastic material positioned about a longitudinal axis, the head having a distal end forming a free end of the applicator and a proximal end terminating in a handle, the head further comprising an exposed outer surface; and a plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly from the exposed outer surface in relation to the longitudinal axis and integrally formed with the head. 16. A cosmetic applicator, comprising:
a head of a thermoplastic material positioned about a longitudinal axis, the head having a distal end forming a free end of the cosmetic applicator and a proximal end terminating in a handle, the head further comprising an exposed outer surface; and a plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly from the exposed outer surface in relation to the longitudinal axis, each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extensions is formed from the thermoplastic material and is integrally formed with the head. 17. The cosmetic applicator of claim 16, wherein each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extensions has a length extending at least 0.08 mm from the exposed outer surface of the applicator. 18. The cosmetic applicator of claim 17, wherein the length of each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extends no more than 0.35 mm from the exposed outer surface of the applicator. 19. The cosmetic applicator of claim 18, wherein the plurality of flock-like extensions is arranged in a flocking geometry, and the distal end of the applicator is separated from the proximal end of the applicator by an intermediate portion, and
wherein the flocking geometry is at least partially defined by the length of a first set of the plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis in the intermediate portion being greater than respective lengths of a second set of the plurality of flock-like extensions at the distal end of the applicator and a third set of the plurality of flock-like extensions at the proximal end of the applicator. 20. The cosmetic applicator of claim 16, wherein the exposed outer surface comprises one or more smooth areas, the one or more smooth areas comprising at least one of a non-flocked region defined by an absence of flock-like extensions or a set of flock-like extensions in the plurality flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis having lengths less than 0.08 mm. | A method of producing a cosmetic applicator via injection molding is described. In the method, a thermoplastic material is introduced into a mold cavity. The mold cavity comprises a surface which engages the thermoplastic material. The surface may provide micro-etched features recessed therein.1. A method of producing a cosmetics applicator, comprising the step of:
introducing a thermoplastic material into a mold cavity, the mold cavity comprising a surface which engages the thermoplastic material, the surface comprising a plurality of micro-etched features recessed therein. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein each micro-etched feature has a depth between 0.08 millimeters (mm) and 0.35 mm. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the surface of the mold cavity comprises one or more smooth areas, the one or more smooth areas comprising at least one of a non-micro etched surface or a micro-etched surface having a depth less than 0.08 mm. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein each of the plurality of micro-etched features is separated by a first smooth area of the one or more smooth areas. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the depth of a first micro-etched feature is not equal to the depth of a second micro-etched feature. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein a pattern of the plurality of micro-etched features defines a flocking geometry. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mold cavity surface has a distal end separated from a proximal end by an intermediate portion, and
wherein the flocking geometry is at least partially defined by a first set of micro-etched features in the intermediate portion having a deeper depth than the respective depths of a second set of micro-etched features in the plurality of micro-etched features and a third set of micro-etched features in the plurality of micro-etched features. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the distal end of the mold cavity is configured to produce a free end of the applicator, and the proximal end of the mold cavity is configured to produce at least a portion of a handle of the applicator. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the mold cavity tapers from the intermediate portion to the distal end such that a cross-sectional area of the mold cavity taken transverse to a length of the mold cavity at the distal end is less than a cross-sectional area taken transverse to the length of the mold cavity in the intermediate portion. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the mold cavity is formed within a mold body, the mold body comprising a first mold body portion in face-to-face relationship with a second mold body portion wherein a first portion of the mold cavity is recessed within the first mold body portion and a second portion of the mold cavity is recessed within the second mold body portion. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the plurality of micro-etched features is located within one of the first portion of the mold cavity or the second portion of the mold cavity. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the thermoplastic material has a hardness less than or equal to 60 Shore A. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the thermoplastic material is an elastomer. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of:
introducing the thermoplastic material into the mold cavity at a temperature greater than a temperature at which the thermoplastic material melts, such that the thermoplastic material is in a completely molten state; and solidifying the thermoplastic material within the mold cavity such that the mold cavity surface finish is transferred to the applicator as the thermoplastic material solidifies. 15. An applicator produced according to the method of claim 14, the applicator comprising:
a head of a thermoplastic material positioned about a longitudinal axis, the head having a distal end forming a free end of the applicator and a proximal end terminating in a handle, the head further comprising an exposed outer surface; and a plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly from the exposed outer surface in relation to the longitudinal axis and integrally formed with the head. 16. A cosmetic applicator, comprising:
a head of a thermoplastic material positioned about a longitudinal axis, the head having a distal end forming a free end of the cosmetic applicator and a proximal end terminating in a handle, the head further comprising an exposed outer surface; and a plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly from the exposed outer surface in relation to the longitudinal axis, each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extensions is formed from the thermoplastic material and is integrally formed with the head. 17. The cosmetic applicator of claim 16, wherein each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extensions has a length extending at least 0.08 mm from the exposed outer surface of the applicator. 18. The cosmetic applicator of claim 17, wherein the length of each flock-like extension in the plurality of flock-like extends no more than 0.35 mm from the exposed outer surface of the applicator. 19. The cosmetic applicator of claim 18, wherein the plurality of flock-like extensions is arranged in a flocking geometry, and the distal end of the applicator is separated from the proximal end of the applicator by an intermediate portion, and
wherein the flocking geometry is at least partially defined by the length of a first set of the plurality of flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis in the intermediate portion being greater than respective lengths of a second set of the plurality of flock-like extensions at the distal end of the applicator and a third set of the plurality of flock-like extensions at the proximal end of the applicator. 20. The cosmetic applicator of claim 16, wherein the exposed outer surface comprises one or more smooth areas, the one or more smooth areas comprising at least one of a non-flocked region defined by an absence of flock-like extensions or a set of flock-like extensions in the plurality flock-like extensions extending radially outwardly relative to the longitudinal axis having lengths less than 0.08 mm. | 2,600 |
349,982 | 350,856 | 16,854,815 | 2,661 | A target detection method and apparatus, in which the method includes: obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, where each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; and learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory LSTM network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. As a result, image data processing precision in target detection can be improved, application scenarios of target detection can be diversified, and target detection accuracy can be improved. | 1. A method, comprising:
obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature comprises:
determining the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature with reference to a global image feature, wherein the global image feature corresponds to the target candidate region; and the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature further comprises: obtaining the global image feature corresponding to the target candidate region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature with reference to a global image feature comprises:
merging the part relationship feature with the global image feature, and obtaining, through learning, a first confidence level of each of a category and a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a merged feature; determining, based on the global image feature, a second confidence level at which the target candidate region comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining, based on merging of the first confidence level and the second confidence level, that the to-be-detected image comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a location of the target candidate region in the to-be-detected image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using the LSTM network comprises:
sorting the local image features of the part candidate regions in a preset sequence to obtain a sorted feature sequence, and inputting the feature sequence to the LSTM network; and learning, by using the LSTM network, the relationship between the part candidate regions by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target and a background as a learning task. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the relationship between the part candidate regions comprises at least one of a relationship between the to-be-detected target and the part candidate regions, or a dependency relationship between the part candidate regions. 6. A method, comprising:
obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; obtaining a positive sample image feature and a negative sample image feature that are used for part identification, and constructing a part identification model based on the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature; identifying at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using the part identification model, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature that are used for part identification comprises:
obtaining a candidate box template, dividing the candidate box template into N grids, and determining, from the N grids, a grid covered by a region in which each part of the target is located, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; obtaining a sample image used for part identification, and determining a plurality of candidate regions from the sample image; determining a candidate region labeled with the target in the plurality of candidate regions as a positive sample region of the target, and determining a candidate region whose intersection-over-union with the positive sample region is less than a preset proportion as a negative sample region of the target; dividing the positive sample region into N grids, and determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, a positive sample grid and a negative sample grid that correspond to each part; dividing the negative sample region into N grids, and determining a grid that is in the N grids of the negative sample region and that corresponds to a respective part as a negative sample grid of the part; and determining an image feature of a positive sample grid region of each part as a positive sample image feature of the part, and determining an image feature of a negative sample grid region of each part as a negative sample image feature of the part. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, the positive sample grid and the negative sample grid that correspond to each part comprises:
determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on a grid that is in the candidate box template and that is covered by a region in which each part is located, one or more part grids covered by the part; and when one or more part grids covered by any part i comprises a part grid j, and a degree at which a region covered by the part i in the part grid j overlaps a region of the part grid j is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, determining the part grid j as a positive sample grid of the part i, to determine a positive sample grid of each part, wherein both i and j are natural numbers. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the constructing the part identification model based on the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature comprises:
using the positive sample image feature of each part and the negative sample image feature of each part as input of the part identification model, and learning, by using the part identification model and by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target part and a background as a learning task, a capability of obtaining a local image feature of the part. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature comprises:
merging the part relationship feature with a global image feature, and obtaining, through learning, a first confidence level of each of a category and a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a merged feature, wherein the global image feature corresponds to the target candidate region; determining, based on the global image feature, a second confidence level at which the target candidate region comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining, based on merging of the first confidence level and the second confidence level, that the to-be-detected image comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a location, in the to-be-detected image, of the target candidate region comprising the to-be-detected target; and the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature further comprises: obtaining the global image feature corresponding to the target candidate region. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using the LSTM network comprises:
sorting the local image features of the part candidate regions in a preset sequence to obtain a sorted feature sequence, and inputting the feature sequence to the LSTM network; and learning, by using the bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, the relationship between the part candidate regions by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target and a background as a learning task. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the relationship between the part candidate regions comprises at least one of a relationship between the to-be-detected target and the part candidate regions, or a dependency relationship between the part candidate regions. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, the positive sample grid and the negative sample grid that correspond to each part comprises:
determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on a grid that is in the candidate box template and that is covered by a region in which each part is located, one or more part grids covered by the part; and when one or more part grids covered by any part i comprises a part grid j, and a degree at which a region covered by the part i in the part grid j overlaps a region of the part grid j is less than a preset threshold, determining the part grid j as a negative sample grid of the part i, to determine a negative sample grid of each part, wherein both i and j are natural numbers. 14. A computer device, wherein the computer device comprises:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a program instruction, and when the processor invokes the program instruction, the program instruction enables the processor to perform a method according to the following steps: obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. | A target detection method and apparatus, in which the method includes: obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, where each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; and learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory LSTM network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. As a result, image data processing precision in target detection can be improved, application scenarios of target detection can be diversified, and target detection accuracy can be improved.1. A method, comprising:
obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature comprises:
determining the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature with reference to a global image feature, wherein the global image feature corresponds to the target candidate region; and the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature further comprises: obtaining the global image feature corresponding to the target candidate region. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature with reference to a global image feature comprises:
merging the part relationship feature with the global image feature, and obtaining, through learning, a first confidence level of each of a category and a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a merged feature; determining, based on the global image feature, a second confidence level at which the target candidate region comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining, based on merging of the first confidence level and the second confidence level, that the to-be-detected image comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a location of the target candidate region in the to-be-detected image. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using the LSTM network comprises:
sorting the local image features of the part candidate regions in a preset sequence to obtain a sorted feature sequence, and inputting the feature sequence to the LSTM network; and learning, by using the LSTM network, the relationship between the part candidate regions by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target and a background as a learning task. 5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the relationship between the part candidate regions comprises at least one of a relationship between the to-be-detected target and the part candidate regions, or a dependency relationship between the part candidate regions. 6. A method, comprising:
obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; obtaining a positive sample image feature and a negative sample image feature that are used for part identification, and constructing a part identification model based on the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature; identifying at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using the part identification model, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. 7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the obtaining the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature that are used for part identification comprises:
obtaining a candidate box template, dividing the candidate box template into N grids, and determining, from the N grids, a grid covered by a region in which each part of the target is located, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; obtaining a sample image used for part identification, and determining a plurality of candidate regions from the sample image; determining a candidate region labeled with the target in the plurality of candidate regions as a positive sample region of the target, and determining a candidate region whose intersection-over-union with the positive sample region is less than a preset proportion as a negative sample region of the target; dividing the positive sample region into N grids, and determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, a positive sample grid and a negative sample grid that correspond to each part; dividing the negative sample region into N grids, and determining a grid that is in the N grids of the negative sample region and that corresponds to a respective part as a negative sample grid of the part; and determining an image feature of a positive sample grid region of each part as a positive sample image feature of the part, and determining an image feature of a negative sample grid region of each part as a negative sample image feature of the part. 8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, the positive sample grid and the negative sample grid that correspond to each part comprises:
determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on a grid that is in the candidate box template and that is covered by a region in which each part is located, one or more part grids covered by the part; and when one or more part grids covered by any part i comprises a part grid j, and a degree at which a region covered by the part i in the part grid j overlaps a region of the part grid j is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, determining the part grid j as a positive sample grid of the part i, to determine a positive sample grid of each part, wherein both i and j are natural numbers. 9. The method according to claim 6, wherein the constructing the part identification model based on the positive sample image feature and the negative sample image feature comprises:
using the positive sample image feature of each part and the negative sample image feature of each part as input of the part identification model, and learning, by using the part identification model and by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target part and a background as a learning task, a capability of obtaining a local image feature of the part. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature comprises:
merging the part relationship feature with a global image feature, and obtaining, through learning, a first confidence level of each of a category and a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a merged feature, wherein the global image feature corresponds to the target candidate region; determining, based on the global image feature, a second confidence level at which the target candidate region comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining, based on merging of the first confidence level and the second confidence level, that the to-be-detected image comprises the to-be-detected target; and determining a location of the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on a location, in the to-be-detected image, of the target candidate region comprising the to-be-detected target; and the detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature further comprises: obtaining the global image feature corresponding to the target candidate region. 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using the LSTM network comprises:
sorting the local image features of the part candidate regions in a preset sequence to obtain a sorted feature sequence, and inputting the feature sequence to the LSTM network; and learning, by using the bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, the relationship between the part candidate regions by using a binary classification problem distinguishing between a target and a background as a learning task. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the relationship between the part candidate regions comprises at least one of a relationship between the to-be-detected target and the part candidate regions, or a dependency relationship between the part candidate regions. 13. The method according to claim 7, wherein the determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on the candidate box template, the positive sample grid and the negative sample grid that correspond to each part comprises:
determining, from the N grids of the positive sample region based on a grid that is in the candidate box template and that is covered by a region in which each part is located, one or more part grids covered by the part; and when one or more part grids covered by any part i comprises a part grid j, and a degree at which a region covered by the part i in the part grid j overlaps a region of the part grid j is less than a preset threshold, determining the part grid j as a negative sample grid of the part i, to determine a negative sample grid of each part, wherein both i and j are natural numbers. 14. A computer device, wherein the computer device comprises:
a processor; and a memory, wherein the memory is configured to store a program instruction, and when the processor invokes the program instruction, the program instruction enables the processor to perform a method according to the following steps: obtaining a target candidate region in a to-be-detected image; determining at least two part candidate regions from the target candidate region by using an image segmentation network, wherein each part candidate region corresponds to one part of a to-be-detected target; and extracting, from the to-be-detected image, local image features corresponding to the part candidate regions; learning the local image features of the part candidate regions by using a bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) network, to obtain a part relationship feature used to describe a relationship between the part candidate regions; and detecting the to-be-detected target in the to-be-detected image based on the part relationship feature. | 2,600 |
349,983 | 350,857 | 16,854,752 | 2,661 | Biosafety units, methods of making and sealing the same are disclosed herein. The present invention includes a unitary structure able to be validated for pharmaceutical manufacturing comprising: at least one controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanroom; a mechanical system room adjacent to and separate from the cleanroom comprising: one or more air handling units that provide conditioned air to the cleanroom; and one or more power busses that provide power to electrical outlets in the cleanroom from two sources, wherein the at least two power supplies are connectable to one or more external electrical power sources; an integrated fire suppression system integral to the cleanroom; and one or more corridor connectors, wherein a corridor can be attached at the corridor connector. | 1. A rapid deployment cleanroom system comprising:
at least two controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanrooms, each having a length and a width; at least one air handling unit that provides air to the cleanrooms or at least one power supply that provides power to electrical outlets in the cleanrooms, the at least one air handling unit or at least one power supply in a support room adjacent the cleanrooms; and one or more corridor connectors, wherein the at least two cleanrooms are positioned and connected along their widths or their lengths to form at least a double-wide cleanroom or at least a double-length cleanroom. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an unitary, information technology system that connects to an intranet, an extranet, or both, wherein the information technology system connects to and controls one or more sensors in the at least two cleanrooms. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more external controls connected to one or more sensors that monitor, temperature, humidity, air pressure, equipment status, security, fire protection, chemical or biological contamination, hard wired internet connection or wireless connections connected to an information technology system. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
universal connectors including at least one of an electrical, water, wastewater, gas, HVAC, water, air filtration inputs/outputs or the fire suppression system. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fire suppression system comprising a gas fire suppression system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two cleanrooms further comprise at least one of an integral autoclave, a robot capable of cleaning the cleanroom, or a vapor hydrogen peroxide cleaning system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a cleanroom connector or hallway unit adapted to connect to the one or more corridor connectors. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the connector or hallway unit is validated and further comprises a sealed envelope. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the connector or hallway unit further comprises a connection to an information technology system that connects to an intranet, an extranet, or both, wherein the information technology system connects to and controls one or more sensors in the rapid deployment cleanroom system, one or more external controls connected to one or more sensors that monitor, temperature, humidity, air pressure, equipment status, security, chemical or biological contamination, hard wired internet connection or wireless connections, and optionally at least one of an electrical, water, wastewater, gas, HVAC, water or air filtration inputs/outputs, or a fire suppression system. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the support room is located at an end of one of the at least two controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanrooms, the connected cleanrooms projecting from the corridor such that the support room is opposite the corridor. | Biosafety units, methods of making and sealing the same are disclosed herein. The present invention includes a unitary structure able to be validated for pharmaceutical manufacturing comprising: at least one controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanroom; a mechanical system room adjacent to and separate from the cleanroom comprising: one or more air handling units that provide conditioned air to the cleanroom; and one or more power busses that provide power to electrical outlets in the cleanroom from two sources, wherein the at least two power supplies are connectable to one or more external electrical power sources; an integrated fire suppression system integral to the cleanroom; and one or more corridor connectors, wherein a corridor can be attached at the corridor connector.1. A rapid deployment cleanroom system comprising:
at least two controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanrooms, each having a length and a width; at least one air handling unit that provides air to the cleanrooms or at least one power supply that provides power to electrical outlets in the cleanrooms, the at least one air handling unit or at least one power supply in a support room adjacent the cleanrooms; and one or more corridor connectors, wherein the at least two cleanrooms are positioned and connected along their widths or their lengths to form at least a double-wide cleanroom or at least a double-length cleanroom. 2. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
an unitary, information technology system that connects to an intranet, an extranet, or both, wherein the information technology system connects to and controls one or more sensors in the at least two cleanrooms. 3. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
one or more external controls connected to one or more sensors that monitor, temperature, humidity, air pressure, equipment status, security, fire protection, chemical or biological contamination, hard wired internet connection or wireless connections connected to an information technology system. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
universal connectors including at least one of an electrical, water, wastewater, gas, HVAC, water, air filtration inputs/outputs or the fire suppression system. 5. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a fire suppression system comprising a gas fire suppression system. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two cleanrooms further comprise at least one of an integral autoclave, a robot capable of cleaning the cleanroom, or a vapor hydrogen peroxide cleaning system. 7. The system of claim 1, further comprising:
a cleanroom connector or hallway unit adapted to connect to the one or more corridor connectors. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the connector or hallway unit is validated and further comprises a sealed envelope. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the connector or hallway unit further comprises a connection to an information technology system that connects to an intranet, an extranet, or both, wherein the information technology system connects to and controls one or more sensors in the rapid deployment cleanroom system, one or more external controls connected to one or more sensors that monitor, temperature, humidity, air pressure, equipment status, security, chemical or biological contamination, hard wired internet connection or wireless connections, and optionally at least one of an electrical, water, wastewater, gas, HVAC, water or air filtration inputs/outputs, or a fire suppression system. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the support room is located at an end of one of the at least two controlled air, sealable, sterilizable cleanrooms, the connected cleanrooms projecting from the corridor such that the support room is opposite the corridor. | 2,600 |
349,984 | 350,858 | 16,854,761 | 2,661 | A method for selling a cryptocurrency via a consumer-operated kiosk is provided. In some embodiments, the method: displays to a user, via a user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies; receives from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies; obtains a cryptocurrency exchange rate from a cryptocurrency exchange; presents the exchange rate to the user via the user interface; receives from the user payment for the selected cryptocurrency via a bill acceptor; purchases the selected cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based on a value of the received payment and the exchange rate; and displays to the user, via the user interface, a receipt having a redemption code and a personal identification number (PIN), wherein both the redemption code and the PIN are necessary to obtain the selected cryptocurrency. | 1. A consumer-operated kiosk for selling cryptocurrency, the consumer-operated kiosk comprising:
a user interface; a funds input region; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums storing computer-executable instructions for controlling the one or more computing systems to:
display to a user, via the user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies;
receive from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies;
receive payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region;
send a request to a remote computer to purchase the selected cryptocurrency from a cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based at least in part on a value of the received payment; and
associate the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency with a first unique code and a second unique code, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 2. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to:
send, in response to receiving the user selection and before receiving payment from the user, a request to the remote computer to obtain a cryptocurrency exchange rate, wherein the request directs the remote computer to contact the cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
in response to sending the request, receive the cryptocurrency exchange rate via the remote computer; and
present the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the user,
wherein the amount of the purchased cryptocurrency is further based at least in part on the cryptocurrency exchange rate. 3. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide the user with directions for obtaining the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 4. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 3 wherein the directions direct the user to access a cryptocurrency exchange website associated with the cryptocurrency exchange via a personal electronic device and input both the first unique code and the second unique code via the website to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency. 5. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is stored at a computer associated with the cryptocurrency exchange and the second unique code is stored at the remote computer. 6. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the first unique code is used by the cryptocurrency exchange to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 7. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 8. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the receipt of payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region of the kiosk. 9. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosk and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 10. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 9 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 11. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to:
request, via the display interface, a user telephone number;
receive, from the user, the user telephone number; and
associate the first unique code and the second unique code with the user telephone number,
wherein the first unique code, the second unique code, and the user telephone number are all necessary for the user to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 12. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code and the second unique code are computer-generated, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide the first unique code and the second unique code to the user. 13. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is computer-generated, and wherein the second unique code is input to the kiosk by the user via the user interface, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide at least the first unique code to the user. 14. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is a redemption code and the second unique code is a PIN. 15. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein the payment is paper bills. 16. A method performed by one or more computing systems for selling cryptocurrency via a consumer-operated kiosk having a user interface and a funds input region, the method comprising:
displaying to a user, via the user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies; receiving from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies; receiving payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region; sending a request to a remote computer to purchase the selected cryptocurrency from a cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based at least in part on a value of the received payment; and associating the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency with a first unique code and a second unique code, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the method further comprises:
sending, in response to receiving the user selection and before receiving payment from the user, a request to the remote computer to obtain a cryptocurrency exchange rate, wherein the request directs the remote computer to contact the cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
in response to sending the request, receiving the cryptocurrency exchange rate via the remote computer; and
presenting the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the user,
wherein the amount of the purchased cryptocurrency is further based at least in part on the cryptocurrency exchange rate. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing the user with instructions for obtaining the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the instructions direct the user to access a cryptocurrency exchange website associated with the cryptocurrency exchange via a personal electronic device and input both the first unique code and the second unique code via the website to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is stored at a computer associated with the cryptocurrency exchange and the second unique code is stored at the remote computer. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the first unique code is used by the cryptocurrency exchange to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the receipt of payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region of the kiosk. 24. The method of claim 16 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosk and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 26. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, from the user, a user telephone number; and associating the first unique code and the second unique code with the user telephone number, wherein the first unique code, the second unique code, and the user telephone number are all necessary for the user to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 27. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code and the second unique code are computer-generated, the method further comprising providing the first unique code and the second unique code to the user. 28. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is computer-generated, and wherein the second unique code is input to the kiosk by the user via the user interface, the method further comprising providing at least the first unique code to the user. 29. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is a redemption code and the second unique code is a PIN. 30. The method of claim 16 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein receiving the payment from the user via the funds input region comprises receiving paper bills. 31. A system for purchasing cryptocurrency, the system comprising:
a network of consumer-operated kiosks, wherein each consumer-operated kiosk includes a user interface and a funds input region; and a remote computer configured to communicate with one or more of the consumer-operated kiosks, wherein the remote computer includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed in response to a user request to purchase cryptocurrency at one of the consumer-operated kiosks, control the remote computer to:
receive a request from the consumer-operated kiosk to provide a cryptocurrency exchange rate for the cryptocurrency;
communicate with a cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
send the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the consumer-operated kiosk;
receive instructions from the consumer-operated kiosk to purchase an amount of the cryptocurrency based on a value of a payment received at the kiosk and the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
purchase the cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based on the value of the received payment and the cryptocurrency exchange rate; and
transmit a first unique code and a second unique code to the consumer-operated kiosk, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 32. The system of claim 31 wherein the instructions further cause the remote computer to store at least one of the first unique code and the second unique code. 33. The system of claim 32 wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed in response to the user requesting to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange, cause the remote computer to:
receive, from the cryptocurrency exchange, at least one of the first unique code or the second unique code;
verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the purchased cryptocurrency by comparing the received first unique code or second unique code with the stored first unique code or second unique code, wherein the purchaser and/or the purchase of the purchased cryptocurrency is verified if the received first unique code or second unique code matches the stored first unique code or second unique code; and
send a response to the cryptocurrency exchange indicating that the purchaser and/or the purchase has been confirmed. 34. The system of claim 31 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosks and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency at the kiosk and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency at the kiosk. 35. The system of claim 34 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 36. The system of claim 31 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein the payment received at the consumer-operated kiosk is paper bills. | A method for selling a cryptocurrency via a consumer-operated kiosk is provided. In some embodiments, the method: displays to a user, via a user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies; receives from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies; obtains a cryptocurrency exchange rate from a cryptocurrency exchange; presents the exchange rate to the user via the user interface; receives from the user payment for the selected cryptocurrency via a bill acceptor; purchases the selected cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based on a value of the received payment and the exchange rate; and displays to the user, via the user interface, a receipt having a redemption code and a personal identification number (PIN), wherein both the redemption code and the PIN are necessary to obtain the selected cryptocurrency.1. A consumer-operated kiosk for selling cryptocurrency, the consumer-operated kiosk comprising:
a user interface; a funds input region; and one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage mediums storing computer-executable instructions for controlling the one or more computing systems to:
display to a user, via the user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies;
receive from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies;
receive payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region;
send a request to a remote computer to purchase the selected cryptocurrency from a cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based at least in part on a value of the received payment; and
associate the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency with a first unique code and a second unique code, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 2. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to:
send, in response to receiving the user selection and before receiving payment from the user, a request to the remote computer to obtain a cryptocurrency exchange rate, wherein the request directs the remote computer to contact the cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
in response to sending the request, receive the cryptocurrency exchange rate via the remote computer; and
present the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the user,
wherein the amount of the purchased cryptocurrency is further based at least in part on the cryptocurrency exchange rate. 3. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide the user with directions for obtaining the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 4. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 3 wherein the directions direct the user to access a cryptocurrency exchange website associated with the cryptocurrency exchange via a personal electronic device and input both the first unique code and the second unique code via the website to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency. 5. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is stored at a computer associated with the cryptocurrency exchange and the second unique code is stored at the remote computer. 6. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the first unique code is used by the cryptocurrency exchange to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 7. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 8. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 5 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the receipt of payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region of the kiosk. 9. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosk and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 10. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 9 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 11. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to:
request, via the display interface, a user telephone number;
receive, from the user, the user telephone number; and
associate the first unique code and the second unique code with the user telephone number,
wherein the first unique code, the second unique code, and the user telephone number are all necessary for the user to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 12. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code and the second unique code are computer-generated, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide the first unique code and the second unique code to the user. 13. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is computer-generated, and wherein the second unique code is input to the kiosk by the user via the user interface, and wherein the computer-executable instructions further control the one or more computing systems to provide at least the first unique code to the user. 14. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the first unique code is a redemption code and the second unique code is a PIN. 15. The consumer-operated kiosk of claim 1 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein the payment is paper bills. 16. A method performed by one or more computing systems for selling cryptocurrency via a consumer-operated kiosk having a user interface and a funds input region, the method comprising:
displaying to a user, via the user interface, one or more options to purchase one or more cryptocurrencies; receiving from the user, via the user interface, a selection of one of the cryptocurrencies; receiving payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region; sending a request to a remote computer to purchase the selected cryptocurrency from a cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based at least in part on a value of the received payment; and associating the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency with a first unique code and a second unique code, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 17. The method of claim 16 wherein the method further comprises:
sending, in response to receiving the user selection and before receiving payment from the user, a request to the remote computer to obtain a cryptocurrency exchange rate, wherein the request directs the remote computer to contact the cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
in response to sending the request, receiving the cryptocurrency exchange rate via the remote computer; and
presenting the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the user,
wherein the amount of the purchased cryptocurrency is further based at least in part on the cryptocurrency exchange rate. 18. The method of claim 16, further comprising providing the user with instructions for obtaining the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 19. The method of claim 18 wherein the instructions direct the user to access a cryptocurrency exchange website associated with the cryptocurrency exchange via a personal electronic device and input both the first unique code and the second unique code via the website to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency. 20. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is stored at a computer associated with the cryptocurrency exchange and the second unique code is stored at the remote computer. 21. The method of claim 20 wherein the first unique code is used by the cryptocurrency exchange to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 22. The method of claim 20 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 23. The method of claim 20 wherein the second unique code is used by the remote computer to verify the receipt of payment from the user for the selected cryptocurrency via the funds input region of the kiosk. 24. The method of claim 16 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosk and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency. 25. The method of claim 24 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 26. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
receiving, from the user, a user telephone number; and associating the first unique code and the second unique code with the user telephone number, wherein the first unique code, the second unique code, and the user telephone number are all necessary for the user to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 27. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code and the second unique code are computer-generated, the method further comprising providing the first unique code and the second unique code to the user. 28. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is computer-generated, and wherein the second unique code is input to the kiosk by the user via the user interface, the method further comprising providing at least the first unique code to the user. 29. The method of claim 16 wherein the first unique code is a redemption code and the second unique code is a PIN. 30. The method of claim 16 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein receiving the payment from the user via the funds input region comprises receiving paper bills. 31. A system for purchasing cryptocurrency, the system comprising:
a network of consumer-operated kiosks, wherein each consumer-operated kiosk includes a user interface and a funds input region; and a remote computer configured to communicate with one or more of the consumer-operated kiosks, wherein the remote computer includes a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing computer-executable instructions that, when executed in response to a user request to purchase cryptocurrency at one of the consumer-operated kiosks, control the remote computer to:
receive a request from the consumer-operated kiosk to provide a cryptocurrency exchange rate for the cryptocurrency;
communicate with a cryptocurrency exchange to obtain the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
send the cryptocurrency exchange rate to the consumer-operated kiosk;
receive instructions from the consumer-operated kiosk to purchase an amount of the cryptocurrency based on a value of a payment received at the kiosk and the cryptocurrency exchange rate;
purchase the cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange in an amount based on the value of the received payment and the cryptocurrency exchange rate; and
transmit a first unique code and a second unique code to the consumer-operated kiosk, wherein the user must use both the first unique code and the second unique code to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange. 32. The system of claim 31 wherein the instructions further cause the remote computer to store at least one of the first unique code and the second unique code. 33. The system of claim 32 wherein the computer-executable instructions, when executed in response to the user requesting to obtain the purchased cryptocurrency from the cryptocurrency exchange, cause the remote computer to:
receive, from the cryptocurrency exchange, at least one of the first unique code or the second unique code;
verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the purchased cryptocurrency by comparing the received first unique code or second unique code with the stored first unique code or second unique code, wherein the purchaser and/or the purchase of the purchased cryptocurrency is verified if the received first unique code or second unique code matches the stored first unique code or second unique code; and
send a response to the cryptocurrency exchange indicating that the purchaser and/or the purchase has been confirmed. 34. The system of claim 31 wherein the cryptocurrency exchange is operated by a first entity and the consumer operated kiosks and the remote computer are operated by a second entity different than the first entity, and wherein the first unique code is used by the first entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency at the kiosk and the second unique code is used by the second entity to verify the purchaser and/or the purchase of the selected cryptocurrency at the kiosk. 35. The system of claim 34 wherein the first entity is or is associated with a cryptocurrency exchange operator and the second entity is or is associated with a kiosk operator. 36. The system of claim 31 wherein the funds input region is a bill acceptor, and wherein the payment received at the consumer-operated kiosk is paper bills. | 2,600 |
349,985 | 350,859 | 16,854,802 | 2,661 | A document execution engine receives a training set of data representative of incidents of malicious activity within a document execution environment. The training set also includes data representative of remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior, and resulting measures of mitigation. The document execution engine trains a machine learned model based on the training set. The trained machine learned model, when applied to activity within the document execution environment, can identify activity that is indicative of malicious behavior. The trained machine learned model can then output recommendations for remedial actions to take in response to the identified malicious activity. The recommended remedial actions can be provided for display to a user of the document execution engine, via a client device of the user. | 1. A method comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation; training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment; detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document; applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a party that created the document for execution; detecting an access to the document by a second party; detecting an execution of the document by the second party; and determining a time of the execution. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the detected activity associated with the received document further comprises:
determining a geographic location associated with the detected access of the document by the second party; or determining a geographic location associated with the detected execution of the document by the second party. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a type of the document; accessing a second document of the same type; and comparing the document and the second document for variability. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises identifying changes made to content of the document. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a payment associated with an execution of the document; and identifying an amount of the payment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises detecting a deletion of the document or content within the document from the document execution environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation identifies the document for execution and a type of the detected activity determined to be malicious. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the identified remedial actions comprise at least one of:
in response to detecting a deletion of the document for execution, restoring the document within the document execution environment; providing the document for execution to additional signatories; and limiting access to the document within the document execution environment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior is defined by the user. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior defined by the user comprises a defined threshold amount of the at least one type of detected activity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the device of the user comprises:
an interface on which the recommendation is displayed, the interface comprising:
for each of the identified remedial actions, an interface element that, when selected by the user, causes the remedial action to be performed. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer executable code that when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation; training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment; detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document; applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying a party that created the document for execution; detecting an access to the document by a second party; detecting an execution of the document by the second party; and determining a time of the execution. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying changes made to content of the document. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying a payment in conjunction with an execution of the document; and identifying an amount of the payment. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the remedial actions comprise at least one of:
in response to detecting a deletion of the document for execution, restoring the document within the document execution environment; providing the document for execution to additional signatories; and limiting access to the document execution environment. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior is defined by the user. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior defined by the user comprises a defined threshold amount of the at least one type of detected activity. 20. A computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer executable code that when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation;
training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior;
receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment;
detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document;
applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and
providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. | A document execution engine receives a training set of data representative of incidents of malicious activity within a document execution environment. The training set also includes data representative of remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior, and resulting measures of mitigation. The document execution engine trains a machine learned model based on the training set. The trained machine learned model, when applied to activity within the document execution environment, can identify activity that is indicative of malicious behavior. The trained machine learned model can then output recommendations for remedial actions to take in response to the identified malicious activity. The recommended remedial actions can be provided for display to a user of the document execution engine, via a client device of the user.1. A method comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation; training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment; detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document; applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a party that created the document for execution; detecting an access to the document by a second party; detecting an execution of the document by the second party; and determining a time of the execution. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the detected activity associated with the received document further comprises:
determining a geographic location associated with the detected access of the document by the second party; or determining a geographic location associated with the detected execution of the document by the second party. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a type of the document; accessing a second document of the same type; and comparing the document and the second document for variability. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises identifying changes made to content of the document. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the detected activity associated with the received document comprises:
identifying a payment associated with an execution of the document; and identifying an amount of the payment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document comprises detecting a deletion of the document or content within the document from the document execution environment. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the recommendation identifies the document for execution and a type of the detected activity determined to be malicious. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the identified remedial actions comprise at least one of:
in response to detecting a deletion of the document for execution, restoring the document within the document execution environment; providing the document for execution to additional signatories; and limiting access to the document within the document execution environment. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior is defined by the user. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior defined by the user comprises a defined threshold amount of the at least one type of detected activity. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein the device of the user comprises:
an interface on which the recommendation is displayed, the interface comprising:
for each of the identified remedial actions, an interface element that, when selected by the user, causes the remedial action to be performed. 13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer executable code that when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation; training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment; detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document; applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying a party that created the document for execution; detecting an access to the document by a second party; detecting an execution of the document by the second party; and determining a time of the execution. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying changes made to content of the document. 16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein detecting activity associated with the received document corresponds to computer executable code that causes the processors to perform operations further comprising:
identifying a payment in conjunction with an execution of the document; and identifying an amount of the payment. 17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the remedial actions comprise at least one of:
in response to detecting a deletion of the document for execution, restoring the document within the document execution environment; providing the document for execution to additional signatories; and limiting access to the document execution environment. 18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior is defined by the user. 19. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 18, wherein the at least one type of detected activity representative of malicious behavior defined by the user comprises a defined threshold amount of the at least one type of detected activity. 20. A computer system comprising:
one or more computer processors; and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising computer executable code that when executed by one or more processors causes the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
accessing a training set of information representative of incidents of malicious behavior in a document execution environment and, for each of one or more of the incidents, one or more remedial actions taken in response to the malicious behavior and a resulting measure of mitigation;
training a machine learned model based on the accessed training set of information, the machine learned model configured to detect malicious behavior based on activity within the document execution environment and to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior;
receiving a document for execution within the document execution environment;
detecting activity within the document execution environment associated with the received document;
applying the trained machine learned model to the detected activity to determine if the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior and, in response to determining that the detected activity is representative of malicious behavior, to identify remedial actions that can mitigate the malicious behavior; and
providing, to a device of a user, a recommendation to perform the identified remedial actions. | 2,600 |
349,986 | 350,860 | 16,854,827 | 3,735 | Disclosed is a child-resistant case for storing vaporizer pen components, such as, cartridges, batteries, and chargers. | 1. A child-resistant case with a compartment and a cover that form a secure closure. 2. A child-resistant case comprising:
a compartment with a release on at least one side of the compartment, wherein at least one tongue interfaces with the release; a cover, wherein the cover is hingedly affixed to the top of the compartment, whereby the cover opens over the compartment; and, at least one groove located on each side of the cover, whereby each groove engages with each tongue when the cover is securely closed over the compartment. 3. The child-resistant case of claim 2, wherein the perimeter of the compartment features a silicone gasket. 4. The child-resistant case of claim 2, wherein the compartment features a dock at the bottom portion of the compartment. 5. The child-resistant case of claim 4, wherein the dock swivels within the compartment. 6. The child-resistant case of claim 5, wherein the dock is defined by at least one port. 7. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vape cartridge. 8. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vaporizer pen battery. 9. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vaporizer pen charger. 10. The method of storing a vaporizer pen component comprising:
obtaining a child-resistant case comprising a compartment with a release on at least one side of the compartment, wherein at least one tongue interfaces with each release, a cover, wherein the cover is hingedly affixed to the top of the compartment, whereby the cover opens over the compartment, wherein the compartment features at least one dock with at least one port, and, at least one groove located on each side of the cover, whereby each groove engages with each tongue when the cover is securely closed over the compartment; pressing the release inward; lifting the cover; placing a vaporizer pen component in the port; and, closing the cover over the compartment; wherein the groove on the cover engages with the tongue on the compartment. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the perimeter of the first compartment features a silicone gasket. | Disclosed is a child-resistant case for storing vaporizer pen components, such as, cartridges, batteries, and chargers.1. A child-resistant case with a compartment and a cover that form a secure closure. 2. A child-resistant case comprising:
a compartment with a release on at least one side of the compartment, wherein at least one tongue interfaces with the release; a cover, wherein the cover is hingedly affixed to the top of the compartment, whereby the cover opens over the compartment; and, at least one groove located on each side of the cover, whereby each groove engages with each tongue when the cover is securely closed over the compartment. 3. The child-resistant case of claim 2, wherein the perimeter of the compartment features a silicone gasket. 4. The child-resistant case of claim 2, wherein the compartment features a dock at the bottom portion of the compartment. 5. The child-resistant case of claim 4, wherein the dock swivels within the compartment. 6. The child-resistant case of claim 5, wherein the dock is defined by at least one port. 7. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vape cartridge. 8. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vaporizer pen battery. 9. The child-resistant case of claim 6, wherein the port is configured to receive a vaporizer pen charger. 10. The method of storing a vaporizer pen component comprising:
obtaining a child-resistant case comprising a compartment with a release on at least one side of the compartment, wherein at least one tongue interfaces with each release, a cover, wherein the cover is hingedly affixed to the top of the compartment, whereby the cover opens over the compartment, wherein the compartment features at least one dock with at least one port, and, at least one groove located on each side of the cover, whereby each groove engages with each tongue when the cover is securely closed over the compartment; pressing the release inward; lifting the cover; placing a vaporizer pen component in the port; and, closing the cover over the compartment; wherein the groove on the cover engages with the tongue on the compartment. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the perimeter of the first compartment features a silicone gasket. | 3,700 |
349,987 | 350,861 | 16,854,856 | 3,658 | A robot joint includes a casing, a motor assembly including a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, and a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor. The harmonic drive includes a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline. The circular spline is arranged around and engaged with the flex spline. The wave generator is received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline. The robot joint further includes an output shaft fixed to the flex spline. | 1. A robot joint comprising:
a casing; a motor assembly comprising a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, the rotor being arranged around and rotatable with respect to the stator; a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor, the harmonic drive comprising a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline, the circular spline being arranged around and engaged with the flex spline, the wave generator being received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline; and an output shaft fixed to the flex spline. 2. The robot joint according to claim 1, further comprising a motor shaft fixed to the rotor, an encoder and a connection shaft, wherein the wave generator is fixed to the motor shaft, the flex spline defines a first through hole that allows the motor shaft to pass therethrough, the motor shaft defines a second through hole along a lengthwise direction thereof, the connection shaft is coaxially fixed to the output shaft and passes through the second through hole, the encoder comprises a first member fixed to one end of the connection shaft, and a first sensor that is configured to detect a rotation angle of the output shaft based on detection of a change of a first characteristics caused by rotation of the first member. 3. The robot joint according to claim 2, further comprising a motor encoder that comprises a second member fixed to the rotor, and a second sensor that is configured to detect a rotation angle of the rotor based on detection of a change of a second characteristics caused by rotation of the second member. 4. The robot joint according to claim 3, further comprising a mounting member connected to the rotor, wherein the second member is disposed on the mounting member, the mounting member defines an orifice that allows the connection shaft to pass therethrough, and the connection shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting member through a first bearing received in the orifice. 5. The robot joint according to claim 1, wherein the motor shaft is coaxially fixed to and at least partly received in the rotor. 6. The robot joint according to claim 5, wherein the rotor comprises a hollow cylindrical portion arranged around the stator, a bottom portion and a plurality of connection members connecting the bottom portion to the cylindrical portion, the plurality of connection members are axially spaced apart from one another by slots. 7. The robot joint according to claim 1, further comprising a motor shaft fixed to the rotor and a support member fixed to the circular spline, wherein the support member defines a through hole that allows the motor shaft to pass therethrough, the motor shaft is rotatably connected to the support member through a second bearing received in the through hole, and rotatably connected to the output shaft through a third bearing. 8. The robot joint according to claim 1, where the flex spline comprises a hollow cylindrical portion and a bottom portion connected to one end of the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion is arranged around the wave generator, and the bottom portion is fixed to the output shaft. 9. The robot joint according to claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a hollow cylindrical member and a base fixed to one end of the cylindrical member, the base defines a through hole that allows the output shaft to pass therethrough, and the output shaft is rotatably connected to the base through a fourth bearing. 10. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, wherein the base and the output shaft define a receiving space to receive the fourth bearing, the first fixing plate is fixed to the base, the second fixing plate is fixed to the output shaft, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate abut against the fourth bearing so as to hold the fourth bearing in the receiving space. 11. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising an annular support member fixed to the base, wherein the circular spline is fixed to the support member, and the flex spline passes through the support member, and the stator is arranged around the support member. 12. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising a motor driver, wherein the casing further comprises a top cover fixed to the cylindrical member opposite the base, and the motor driver is received in the top cover. 13. A robot comprising a robot joint, the robot joint comprising:
a casing; a motor assembly comprising a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, the rotor being arranged around and rotatable with respect to the stator; a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor, the harmonic drive comprising a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline, the circular spline being arranged around and engaged with the flex spline, the wave generator being received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline; and an output shaft fixed to the flex spline. | A robot joint includes a casing, a motor assembly including a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, and a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor. The harmonic drive includes a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline. The circular spline is arranged around and engaged with the flex spline. The wave generator is received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline. The robot joint further includes an output shaft fixed to the flex spline.1. A robot joint comprising:
a casing; a motor assembly comprising a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, the rotor being arranged around and rotatable with respect to the stator; a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor, the harmonic drive comprising a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline, the circular spline being arranged around and engaged with the flex spline, the wave generator being received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline; and an output shaft fixed to the flex spline. 2. The robot joint according to claim 1, further comprising a motor shaft fixed to the rotor, an encoder and a connection shaft, wherein the wave generator is fixed to the motor shaft, the flex spline defines a first through hole that allows the motor shaft to pass therethrough, the motor shaft defines a second through hole along a lengthwise direction thereof, the connection shaft is coaxially fixed to the output shaft and passes through the second through hole, the encoder comprises a first member fixed to one end of the connection shaft, and a first sensor that is configured to detect a rotation angle of the output shaft based on detection of a change of a first characteristics caused by rotation of the first member. 3. The robot joint according to claim 2, further comprising a motor encoder that comprises a second member fixed to the rotor, and a second sensor that is configured to detect a rotation angle of the rotor based on detection of a change of a second characteristics caused by rotation of the second member. 4. The robot joint according to claim 3, further comprising a mounting member connected to the rotor, wherein the second member is disposed on the mounting member, the mounting member defines an orifice that allows the connection shaft to pass therethrough, and the connection shaft is rotatably connected to the mounting member through a first bearing received in the orifice. 5. The robot joint according to claim 1, wherein the motor shaft is coaxially fixed to and at least partly received in the rotor. 6. The robot joint according to claim 5, wherein the rotor comprises a hollow cylindrical portion arranged around the stator, a bottom portion and a plurality of connection members connecting the bottom portion to the cylindrical portion, the plurality of connection members are axially spaced apart from one another by slots. 7. The robot joint according to claim 1, further comprising a motor shaft fixed to the rotor and a support member fixed to the circular spline, wherein the support member defines a through hole that allows the motor shaft to pass therethrough, the motor shaft is rotatably connected to the support member through a second bearing received in the through hole, and rotatably connected to the output shaft through a third bearing. 8. The robot joint according to claim 1, where the flex spline comprises a hollow cylindrical portion and a bottom portion connected to one end of the cylindrical portion, the cylindrical portion is arranged around the wave generator, and the bottom portion is fixed to the output shaft. 9. The robot joint according to claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a hollow cylindrical member and a base fixed to one end of the cylindrical member, the base defines a through hole that allows the output shaft to pass therethrough, and the output shaft is rotatably connected to the base through a fourth bearing. 10. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising a first fixing plate and a second fixing plate, wherein the base and the output shaft define a receiving space to receive the fourth bearing, the first fixing plate is fixed to the base, the second fixing plate is fixed to the output shaft, and the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate abut against the fourth bearing so as to hold the fourth bearing in the receiving space. 11. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising an annular support member fixed to the base, wherein the circular spline is fixed to the support member, and the flex spline passes through the support member, and the stator is arranged around the support member. 12. The robot joint according to claim 9, further comprising a motor driver, wherein the casing further comprises a top cover fixed to the cylindrical member opposite the base, and the motor driver is received in the top cover. 13. A robot comprising a robot joint, the robot joint comprising:
a casing; a motor assembly comprising a stator and a rotor that are arranged within the casing, the rotor being arranged around and rotatable with respect to the stator; a harmonic drive received, at least in part, in the rotor, the harmonic drive comprising a circular spline, a wave generator fixed to the rotor, and a flex spline, the circular spline being arranged around and engaged with the flex spline, the wave generator being received in the flex spline and configured to drive the flex spline to rotate with respect to the circular spline; and an output shaft fixed to the flex spline. | 3,600 |
349,988 | 350,862 | 16,854,834 | 3,658 | Systems and methods for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation include identifying a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; identifying a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; identifying a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; forming a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance includes: selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances; probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus; probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus; and forming a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. | 1. A method for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a machine learning-based dialogue system, the method comprising:
identifying a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; identifying a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; identifying a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; forming, by the machine learning-based dialogue system, a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
forming a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; and if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
in response to selecting the first distinct out-of-domain utterance, concatenating the distinct conjunction term to a boundary of the first in-domain utterance and concatenating the first distinct out-of-domain utterance after the distinct conjunction term. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus; identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein:
(i) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances, or
(ii) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus comprise a single-intent in-domain utterance, and each of the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus comprise a single-intent out-of-domain utterance. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a span-predicting utterance segmentation model using the multi-intent training corpus, wherein the span-predicting utterance segmentation model classifies each distinct utterance span of a subject multi-intent utterance that forms a complete semantic expression within the subject multi-intent utterance. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance at the machine learning-based dialogue system; predicting two or more boundary classification labels for two or more distinct tokens of the input multi-intent utterance; and segmenting, at two or more boundary classification labels, the input multi-intent utterance into two or more distinct single-intent utterance components. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
providing each of the two or more distinct single-intent utterance components to one of a plurality of concurrently operating distinct single-intent machine learning classifiers; and generating by each respective one of the plurality of concurrently operating distinct machine learning classifiers an intent classification label for each of the two or more distinct single-intent utterance components. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a joint model using the multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein the joint model perform multiple distinct machine learning tasks, the joint model comprising an intent machine learning classifier that predicts an intent label for a target utterance and a slot segment machine learning model that predicts a slot label that identifies a semantic concept of a given segment of the target utterance. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance; and identifying whether the input multi-intent utterance is an entangled multi-intent utterance based on an entanglement threshold, wherein an entangled multi-intent utterance relates to a subject multi-intent utterance in which two or more distinct intents within the subject multi-intent utterance cannot be disintegrated with ease and satisfy or exceed an entanglement threshold. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
if the input multi-intent utterance comprises the entangled multi-intent utterance, providing the entangled multi-intent utterance as input into the joint model; at the joint model, predicting an intent classification label and a slot value classification label for each identified token of the entangled multi-intent utterance. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a joint model with segmentation using the multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, where the joint model with segmentation performs multi-distinct machine learning tasks, the joint model with segmentation including (i) a combination of a segmentation model, (ii) an intent classification model, and (iii) a slot value classification model. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance; and identifying whether the input multi-intent utterance comprises a long, multi-intent utterance based on an aggregated span threshold, wherein the long, multi-intent utterance relates to a subject multi-intent utterance in which an aggregate of multiple distinct utterance spans of the subject multi-intent utterance satisfies or exceeds an aggregated span threshold. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein:
if the input multi-intent utterance comprises the long multi-intent utterance, providing the long multi-intent utterance as input into the joint model with segmentation; at the joint model with segmentation, (i) predicting two or more boundary classification labels for two or more distinct tokens of the long multi-intent utterance, (ii) predicting an intent classification label and (iii) a slot value classification label for each identified token of the long multi-intent utterance. 17. A method for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a single-intent machine learning-based dialogue system, the method comprising:
sourcing a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; sourcing a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; sourcing a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; constructing, by the machine learning-based dialogue system, a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
constructing a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. 18. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
computing, by the machine learning-based system, a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus; computing, by the machine learning-based system, an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein:
(i) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances, or
(ii) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 19. A system for intelligently synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a machine learning-based dialogue system, the system comprising:
a datastore comprising:
a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances;
a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances;
a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms;
a machine learning-based dialogue system being implemented by a distributed network of computers includes:
a training data synthesis module that:
constructs a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selects a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selects one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selects or not selects a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
constructs a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. | Systems and methods for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation include identifying a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; identifying a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; identifying a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; forming a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance includes: selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances; probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus; probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus; and forming a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances.1. A method for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a machine learning-based dialogue system, the method comprising:
identifying a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; identifying a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; identifying a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; forming, by the machine learning-based dialogue system, a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
forming a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. 2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; and if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus. 3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances. 4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising:
in response to selecting the first distinct out-of-domain utterance, concatenating the distinct conjunction term to a boundary of the first in-domain utterance and concatenating the first distinct out-of-domain utterance after the distinct conjunction term. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 6. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
identifying a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus; identifying an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein:
(i) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances, or
(ii) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein:
each of the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus comprise a single-intent in-domain utterance, and each of the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus comprise a single-intent out-of-domain utterance. 8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a span-predicting utterance segmentation model using the multi-intent training corpus, wherein the span-predicting utterance segmentation model classifies each distinct utterance span of a subject multi-intent utterance that forms a complete semantic expression within the subject multi-intent utterance. 9. The method according to claim 8, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance at the machine learning-based dialogue system; predicting two or more boundary classification labels for two or more distinct tokens of the input multi-intent utterance; and segmenting, at two or more boundary classification labels, the input multi-intent utterance into two or more distinct single-intent utterance components. 10. The method according to claim 9, further comprising:
providing each of the two or more distinct single-intent utterance components to one of a plurality of concurrently operating distinct single-intent machine learning classifiers; and generating by each respective one of the plurality of concurrently operating distinct machine learning classifiers an intent classification label for each of the two or more distinct single-intent utterance components. 11. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a joint model using the multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein the joint model perform multiple distinct machine learning tasks, the joint model comprising an intent machine learning classifier that predicts an intent label for a target utterance and a slot segment machine learning model that predicts a slot label that identifies a semantic concept of a given segment of the target utterance. 12. The method according to claim 11, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance; and identifying whether the input multi-intent utterance is an entangled multi-intent utterance based on an entanglement threshold, wherein an entangled multi-intent utterance relates to a subject multi-intent utterance in which two or more distinct intents within the subject multi-intent utterance cannot be disintegrated with ease and satisfy or exceed an entanglement threshold. 13. The method according to claim 12, wherein:
if the input multi-intent utterance comprises the entangled multi-intent utterance, providing the entangled multi-intent utterance as input into the joint model; at the joint model, predicting an intent classification label and a slot value classification label for each identified token of the entangled multi-intent utterance. 14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
training a joint model with segmentation using the multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, where the joint model with segmentation performs multi-distinct machine learning tasks, the joint model with segmentation including (i) a combination of a segmentation model, (ii) an intent classification model, and (iii) a slot value classification model. 15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising:
receiving an input multi-intent utterance; and identifying whether the input multi-intent utterance comprises a long, multi-intent utterance based on an aggregated span threshold, wherein the long, multi-intent utterance relates to a subject multi-intent utterance in which an aggregate of multiple distinct utterance spans of the subject multi-intent utterance satisfies or exceeds an aggregated span threshold. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein:
if the input multi-intent utterance comprises the long multi-intent utterance, providing the long multi-intent utterance as input into the joint model with segmentation; at the joint model with segmentation, (i) predicting two or more boundary classification labels for two or more distinct tokens of the long multi-intent utterance, (ii) predicting an intent classification label and (iii) a slot value classification label for each identified token of the long multi-intent utterance. 17. A method for synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a single-intent machine learning-based dialogue system, the method comprising:
sourcing a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances; sourcing a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances; sourcing a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms; constructing, by the machine learning-based dialogue system, a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selecting a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selecting or not selecting a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
constructing a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. 18. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
computing, by the machine learning-based system, a conjunction-inclusion probability that a conjunction term would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance; if the conjunction-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds a conjunction-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a distinct conjunction term from the plurality of distinct conjunction terms of the third corpus; computing, by the machine learning-based system, an out-of-domain-inclusion probability that an out-of-domain utterance would be appended to the first distinct in-domain utterance, wherein:
(i) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability satisfies or exceeds an out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a first distinct out-of-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances of the second corpus of utterances, or
(ii) if the out-of-domain-inclusion probability does not satisfy the out-of-domain-inclusion threshold, randomly selecting a second distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances. 19. A system for intelligently synthesizing training data for multi-intent utterance segmentation within a machine learning-based dialogue system, the system comprising:
a datastore comprising:
a first corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances;
a second corpus of utterances comprising a plurality of distinct single-intent out-of-domain utterances;
a third corpus comprising a plurality of distinct conjunction terms;
a machine learning-based dialogue system being implemented by a distributed network of computers includes:
a training data synthesis module that:
constructs a multi-intent training corpus comprising synthetic multi-intent utterances, wherein forming each distinct multi-intent utterance of the multi-intent training corpus includes:
selects a first distinct in-domain utterance from the plurality of distinct single-intent in-domain utterances of the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selects one of a first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and a second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances;
probabilistically selects or not selects a distinct conjunction term from the third corpus of conjunction terms; and
constructs a synthetic multi-intent utterance including appending the first in-domain utterance with one of the first out-of-domain utterance from the second corpus of utterances and the second in-domain utterance from the first corpus of utterances. | 3,600 |
349,989 | 350,863 | 16,854,826 | 2,422 | An imaging system includes an image combiner, at least one reflecting mirror, an image generating device, a communication module and a distance sensor. The at least one reflecting mirror is disposed with respect to the image combiner. The image generating device is disposed with respect to the at least one reflecting mirror. When the image generating device displays an image, a light projected by the image generating device is reflected by the at least one reflecting mirror to the image combiner, so as to form a virtual image through the image combiner. The distance sensor senses a distance between an object and the imaging system and transmits the distance to the image generating device through the communication module. When the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than a predetermined threshold, the image generating device adjusts a display size of the image according to the distance. | 1. An imaging system comprising:
an image combiner; at least one reflecting mirror disposed with respect to the image combiner; an image generating device disposed with respect to the at least one reflecting mirror, when the image generating device displays an image, a light projected by the image generating device being reflected by the at least one reflecting mirror to the image combiner, so as to form a virtual image through the image combiner; a communication module communicating with the image generating device; and a distance sensor electrically connected to the communication module, the distance sensor sensing a distance between an object and the imaging system and transmitting the distance to the image generating device through the communication module; wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than a predetermined threshold, the image generating device adjusts a display size of the image according to the distance. 2. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than the predetermined threshold, the image generating device reduces the display size of the image as the distance increases and the image generating device enlarges the display size of the image as the distance decreases. 3. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is smaller than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the image generating device displays the image by a maximum display size. 4. The imaging system of claim 1, further comprising an indication mark disposed at a periphery of the image combiner. 5. The imaging system of claim 4, wherein the indication mark surrounds the image combiner to form a ring-shaped frame. 6. The imaging system of claim 4, further comprising a controller, the distance sensor being electrically connected to the controller, the indication mark being a light source and electrically connected to the controller, wherein when the controller determines that the distance is larger than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the controller turns off the indication mark; when the controller determines that the distance is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the controller turns on the indication mark, such that the indication mark emits light. 7. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the image generating device communicates with an external device and the image is transmitted to the image generating device by the external device. | An imaging system includes an image combiner, at least one reflecting mirror, an image generating device, a communication module and a distance sensor. The at least one reflecting mirror is disposed with respect to the image combiner. The image generating device is disposed with respect to the at least one reflecting mirror. When the image generating device displays an image, a light projected by the image generating device is reflected by the at least one reflecting mirror to the image combiner, so as to form a virtual image through the image combiner. The distance sensor senses a distance between an object and the imaging system and transmits the distance to the image generating device through the communication module. When the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than a predetermined threshold, the image generating device adjusts a display size of the image according to the distance.1. An imaging system comprising:
an image combiner; at least one reflecting mirror disposed with respect to the image combiner; an image generating device disposed with respect to the at least one reflecting mirror, when the image generating device displays an image, a light projected by the image generating device being reflected by the at least one reflecting mirror to the image combiner, so as to form a virtual image through the image combiner; a communication module communicating with the image generating device; and a distance sensor electrically connected to the communication module, the distance sensor sensing a distance between an object and the imaging system and transmitting the distance to the image generating device through the communication module; wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than a predetermined threshold, the image generating device adjusts a display size of the image according to the distance. 2. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is larger than the predetermined threshold, the image generating device reduces the display size of the image as the distance increases and the image generating device enlarges the display size of the image as the distance decreases. 3. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein when the image generating device determines that the distance is smaller than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the image generating device displays the image by a maximum display size. 4. The imaging system of claim 1, further comprising an indication mark disposed at a periphery of the image combiner. 5. The imaging system of claim 4, wherein the indication mark surrounds the image combiner to form a ring-shaped frame. 6. The imaging system of claim 4, further comprising a controller, the distance sensor being electrically connected to the controller, the indication mark being a light source and electrically connected to the controller, wherein when the controller determines that the distance is larger than or equal to the predetermined threshold, the controller turns off the indication mark; when the controller determines that the distance is smaller than the predetermined threshold, the controller turns on the indication mark, such that the indication mark emits light. 7. The imaging system of claim 1, wherein the image generating device communicates with an external device and the image is transmitted to the image generating device by the external device. | 2,400 |
349,990 | 350,864 | 16,854,814 | 2,422 | Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating one or more UV-blocking layers. | 1. (canceled) 2. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer; and a second substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 3. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second OCA layer; and a third substrate, wherein:
the second OCA layer is positioned between the third substrate and the first transparent conductor. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the second OCA layer and the first substrate. 5. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 6. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing, element. 7. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the first substrate and the first OCA layer. 8. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second transparent conductor comprising the second substrate and a conductive layer. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is a continuous conductive film. 10. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide. 11. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is positioned between the first OCA layer and the second substrate. 12. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 13. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to block at least 90% of wavelengths below 370 nm. 14. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to cause a sheet resistance of the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures to change by less than 50% after being exposed to a ultra-violet (UV) portion of incident light for 600 hours. 15. A touch sensor having a visible region and a non-visible region, wherein the non-visible region is defined by a light-absorbing element, the touch sensor comprising:
a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; and a first substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 16. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing element. 17. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is at least one of a deco frame or a black-out mask. 18. The touch sensor of claim 15, comprising;
a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 19. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 20. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; and a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer over the first transparent conductor, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking, and
the first OCA layer is positioned between a touch surface of the touch sensor and the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures. 21. The touch sensor of claim 20, comprising:
a light-absorbing element over a first portion of the first OCA layer and not over a second portion of the first OCA layer. | Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating one or more UV-blocking layers.1. (canceled) 2. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer; and a second substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 3. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second OCA layer; and a third substrate, wherein:
the second OCA layer is positioned between the third substrate and the first transparent conductor. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the second OCA layer and the first substrate. 5. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 6. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing, element. 7. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the first substrate and the first OCA layer. 8. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second transparent conductor comprising the second substrate and a conductive layer. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is a continuous conductive film. 10. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide. 11. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is positioned between the first OCA layer and the second substrate. 12. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 13. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to block at least 90% of wavelengths below 370 nm. 14. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to cause a sheet resistance of the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures to change by less than 50% after being exposed to a ultra-violet (UV) portion of incident light for 600 hours. 15. A touch sensor having a visible region and a non-visible region, wherein the non-visible region is defined by a light-absorbing element, the touch sensor comprising:
a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; and a first substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 16. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing element. 17. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is at least one of a deco frame or a black-out mask. 18. The touch sensor of claim 15, comprising;
a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 19. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 20. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; and a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer over the first transparent conductor, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking, and
the first OCA layer is positioned between a touch surface of the touch sensor and the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures. 21. The touch sensor of claim 20, comprising:
a light-absorbing element over a first portion of the first OCA layer and not over a second portion of the first OCA layer. | 2,400 |
349,991 | 350,865 | 16,854,847 | 2,142 | Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating one or more UV-blocking layers. | 1. (canceled) 2. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer; and a second substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 3. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second OCA layer; and a third substrate, wherein:
the second OCA layer is positioned between the third substrate and the first transparent conductor. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the second OCA layer and the first substrate. 5. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 6. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing, element. 7. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the first substrate and the first OCA layer. 8. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second transparent conductor comprising the second substrate and a conductive layer. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is a continuous conductive film. 10. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide. 11. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is positioned between the first OCA layer and the second substrate. 12. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 13. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to block at least 90% of wavelengths below 370 nm. 14. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to cause a sheet resistance of the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures to change by less than 50% after being exposed to a ultra-violet (UV) portion of incident light for 600 hours. 15. A touch sensor having a visible region and a non-visible region, wherein the non-visible region is defined by a light-absorbing element, the touch sensor comprising:
a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; and a first substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 16. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing element. 17. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is at least one of a deco frame or a black-out mask. 18. The touch sensor of claim 15, comprising;
a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 19. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 20. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; and a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer over the first transparent conductor, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking, and
the first OCA layer is positioned between a touch surface of the touch sensor and the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures. 21. The touch sensor of claim 20, comprising:
a light-absorbing element over a first portion of the first OCA layer and not over a second portion of the first OCA layer. | Disclosed herein are optical stacks that are stable to light exposure by incorporating one or more UV-blocking layers.1. (canceled) 2. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer; and a second substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 3. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second OCA layer; and a third substrate, wherein:
the second OCA layer is positioned between the third substrate and the first transparent conductor. 4. The touch sensor of claim 3, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the second OCA layer and the first substrate. 5. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 6. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing, element. 7. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures is positioned between the first substrate and the first OCA layer. 8. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a second transparent conductor comprising the second substrate and a conductive layer. 9. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is a continuous conductive film. 10. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer comprises indium tin oxide. 11. The touch sensor of claim 8, wherein the conductive layer is positioned between the first OCA layer and the second substrate. 12. The touch sensor of claim 2, comprising:
a light-absorbing element, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first transparent conductor and the second substrate. 13. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to block at least 90% of wavelengths below 370 nm. 14. The touch sensor of claim 2, wherein the first OCA layer is configured to cause a sheet resistance of the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures to change by less than 50% after being exposed to a ultra-violet (UV) portion of incident light for 600 hours. 15. A touch sensor having a visible region and a non-visible region, wherein the non-visible region is defined by a light-absorbing element, the touch sensor comprising:
a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer present in the visible region and in the non-visible region; and a first substrate, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking and is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 16. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the first substrate is positioned between the first OCA layer and the light-absorbing element. 17. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is at least one of a deco frame or a black-out mask. 18. The touch sensor of claim 15, comprising;
a second substrate, wherein the second substrate is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first OCA layer. 19. The touch sensor of claim 15, wherein the light-absorbing element is positioned between the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures and the first substrate. 20. A touch sensor, comprising:
a first transparent conductor comprising a first substrate and a first plurality of networking silver nanostructures; and a first optically clear adhesive (OCA) layer over the first transparent conductor, wherein:
the first OCA layer is UV-blocking, and
the first OCA layer is positioned between a touch surface of the touch sensor and the first plurality of networking silver nanostructures. 21. The touch sensor of claim 20, comprising:
a light-absorbing element over a first portion of the first OCA layer and not over a second portion of the first OCA layer. | 2,100 |
349,992 | 350,866 | 16,854,865 | 2,196 | A computation graph of a machine learning model is accessed from memory and a constraint solver is used to compute a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline. In use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
accessing a computation graph of a machine learning model from memory; and computing, using a constraint solver, a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline; such that in use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising computing a revision to the computation graph before using the computation graph to compute the partition, such that in use, the method is scalable to large scale machine learning models, and wherein computing the revision comprises one or more of: serialization of operations which require more than a threshold amount of memory, recomputation, stashing of activations to external memory, stashing of weights to external memory. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the computation graph comprises a plurality of vertices connected by edges, where individual ones of the vertices represent operations of the machine learning model and individual ones of the edges represent communication between operations of the machine learning model. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3 wherein the constraint solver computes the partition by assigning individual ones of the vertices to only one of the stages. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with an aim that execution cost comprising one or more of: execution cycles, execution time, energy use, is balanced between individual ones of the stages. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute execution cost of individual ones of the stages by computing one or more of: a sum of individual execution cost of operations assigned to a machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of sending and receiving messages in the machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of stashing and reloading tensors in the machine which hosts the stage. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement one or more of the following correctness constraints: any vertex of the graph is assigned to one and only one stage, for any edge in the graph an origin of the edge is either assigned to the same stage as a destination or it is assigned to an earlier stage than the destination, the memory required by operations of a stage fits in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement a memory constraint whereby the memory required by operations of a stage fit in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage, and wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the memory capacity using one or more of:
code size of operations assigned to the machine;
size of tensors representing weights assigned to the machine;
size of messages that live throughout execution of the stages;
an amount of temporary memory live throughout execution of the stages;
size of data to be stashed in the machine during execution of the stages. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver implements one or more of the following constraints:
for a given set of weights of machine learning model vertices which use the set of weights are assigned to the same stage,
if a vertex is known not to require any space for code it is assignable to the same stage as a vertex which consumes or produces the vertex,
where the execution is to train the machine learning model then vertices representing operations in a forward pass of the training are assigned to stages labelled as forward while vertices representing operations in a backward pass of the training are assigned to stages labelled as backward. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and also with the aim that data parallelism is implemented, whereby data is processed in parallel by individual ones of the partitions. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and also where the computation graph comprises a plurality of subgraphs which are executed in parallel. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition sequentially by allocating vertices to one of the stages before allocating vertices to another of the stages. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising carrying out inference or training of the machine learning model by executing the pipeline. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages during a steady state of the execution pipeline. 15. A machine comprising:
memory storing a computation graph of a machine learning model; and a constraint solver which computes a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline; such that in use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition. 16. An execution pipeline comprising:
a plurality of ordered stages hosted on machines connected in a network of machines; each of the stages comprising a partition of a computation graph of a machine learning model; a constraint solver configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and to send the partition results to the stages. 17. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement a memory constraint whereby the memory required by operations of a stage fit in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage, and wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the memory capacity using one or more of:
code size of operations assigned to the machine;
size of tensors representing weights assigned to the machine;
size of messages that live throughout execution of the stages;
an amount of temporary memory live throughout execution of the stages;
size of data to be stashed in the machine during execution of the stages. 18. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein a constraint generator is configured to call the following functions in order to generate constraints for use by the constraint solver: load(v), which returns a computational load of executing a vertex v;
storeAndLoad(v), which returns a number of cycles it takes to store and load an output of vertex v;
static(v), which returns a number of bytes that a vertex v occupies in memory throughout the whole execution of the machine learning model;
tensor(v), which returns a number of bytes that output of a vertex v occupies in memory. 19. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement one or more of the following correctness constraints: any vertex of the graph is assigned to one and only one stage, for any edge in the graph an origin of the edge is either assigned to the same stage as a destination or it is assigned to an earlier stage than the destination, the memory required by operations of a stage fits in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage. 20. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute execution cost of individual ones of the stages by computing one or more of: a sum of individual execution cost of operations assigned to a machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of sending and receiving messages in the machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of stashing and reloading tensors in the machine which hosts the stage. | A computation graph of a machine learning model is accessed from memory and a constraint solver is used to compute a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline. In use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
accessing a computation graph of a machine learning model from memory; and computing, using a constraint solver, a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline; such that in use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition. 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising computing a revision to the computation graph before using the computation graph to compute the partition, such that in use, the method is scalable to large scale machine learning models, and wherein computing the revision comprises one or more of: serialization of operations which require more than a threshold amount of memory, recomputation, stashing of activations to external memory, stashing of weights to external memory. 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the computation graph comprises a plurality of vertices connected by edges, where individual ones of the vertices represent operations of the machine learning model and individual ones of the edges represent communication between operations of the machine learning model. 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 3 wherein the constraint solver computes the partition by assigning individual ones of the vertices to only one of the stages. 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with an aim that execution cost comprising one or more of: execution cycles, execution time, energy use, is balanced between individual ones of the stages. 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute execution cost of individual ones of the stages by computing one or more of: a sum of individual execution cost of operations assigned to a machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of sending and receiving messages in the machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of stashing and reloading tensors in the machine which hosts the stage. 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement one or more of the following correctness constraints: any vertex of the graph is assigned to one and only one stage, for any edge in the graph an origin of the edge is either assigned to the same stage as a destination or it is assigned to an earlier stage than the destination, the memory required by operations of a stage fits in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage. 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement a memory constraint whereby the memory required by operations of a stage fit in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage, and wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the memory capacity using one or more of:
code size of operations assigned to the machine;
size of tensors representing weights assigned to the machine;
size of messages that live throughout execution of the stages;
an amount of temporary memory live throughout execution of the stages;
size of data to be stashed in the machine during execution of the stages. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver implements one or more of the following constraints:
for a given set of weights of machine learning model vertices which use the set of weights are assigned to the same stage,
if a vertex is known not to require any space for code it is assignable to the same stage as a vertex which consumes or produces the vertex,
where the execution is to train the machine learning model then vertices representing operations in a forward pass of the training are assigned to stages labelled as forward while vertices representing operations in a backward pass of the training are assigned to stages labelled as backward. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and also with the aim that data parallelism is implemented, whereby data is processed in parallel by individual ones of the partitions. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and also where the computation graph comprises a plurality of subgraphs which are executed in parallel. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition sequentially by allocating vertices to one of the stages before allocating vertices to another of the stages. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 further comprising carrying out inference or training of the machine learning model by executing the pipeline. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages during a steady state of the execution pipeline. 15. A machine comprising:
memory storing a computation graph of a machine learning model; and a constraint solver which computes a partition of the computation graph into ordered stages of an execution pipeline; such that in use, when inference or training of the machine learning model takes place by executing the pipeline, execution cost of the stages are balanced according to the computed partition. 16. An execution pipeline comprising:
a plurality of ordered stages hosted on machines connected in a network of machines; each of the stages comprising a partition of a computation graph of a machine learning model; a constraint solver configured to compute the partition with the aim that execution cost is balanced between individual ones of the stages and to send the partition results to the stages. 17. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement a memory constraint whereby the memory required by operations of a stage fit in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage, and wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute the memory capacity using one or more of:
code size of operations assigned to the machine;
size of tensors representing weights assigned to the machine;
size of messages that live throughout execution of the stages;
an amount of temporary memory live throughout execution of the stages;
size of data to be stashed in the machine during execution of the stages. 18. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein a constraint generator is configured to call the following functions in order to generate constraints for use by the constraint solver: load(v), which returns a computational load of executing a vertex v;
storeAndLoad(v), which returns a number of cycles it takes to store and load an output of vertex v;
static(v), which returns a number of bytes that a vertex v occupies in memory throughout the whole execution of the machine learning model;
tensor(v), which returns a number of bytes that output of a vertex v occupies in memory. 19. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to implement one or more of the following correctness constraints: any vertex of the graph is assigned to one and only one stage, for any edge in the graph an origin of the edge is either assigned to the same stage as a destination or it is assigned to an earlier stage than the destination, the memory required by operations of a stage fits in memory capacity of a machine hosting the stage. 20. The execution pipeline of claim 16 wherein the constraint solver is configured to compute execution cost of individual ones of the stages by computing one or more of: a sum of individual execution cost of operations assigned to a machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of sending and receiving messages in the machine which hosts the stage, an execution cost of stashing and reloading tensors in the machine which hosts the stage. | 2,100 |
349,993 | 350,867 | 16,854,872 | 3,685 | A marketplace network for facilitating transactions among a plurality of marketplace participants. The marketplace network includes a plurality of service provider systems associated with respective service provider participants. Each of the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to a respective merchant server. The marketplace network includes a plurality of user systems associated with respective user participants configured to generate a service request to one of the plurality of service provider systems. The marketplace server facilitates transactions digitally by executing a set of computer-executable tasks for securely processing transactional exchanges among the marketplace participants. The transactional exchanges include at least exchanges of ownership rights for digitally stored data at least in part owned originally by the user participants. | 1. A system containing a computer-controlled marketplace network for facilitating seamless transactions among a plurality of marketplace network participant systems, the system comprising:
a plurality of service provider systems associated with respective service provider participants and located remotely from one another physically in respective service settings that each includes one or more central computer servers, data stores, and cloud-based computing components for managing and processing delivery of one or more services in the service settings by the plurality of service provider systems, wherein each of the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to a respective merchant server; a plurality of user systems associated with respective user participants located remotely from one another and remotely from the plurality of service provider systems and configured to generate a service request to one of the plurality of service provider systems in the marketplace network; a computerized marketplace server that facilitates marketplace transactions digitally by executing a set of computer-executable tasks for securely processing transactional exchanges among the marketplace network participant systems, wherein the transactional exchanges comprise at least exchanges of ownership rights for digitally stored data at least in part owned originally by the user participants, the marketplace server comprising:
a marketplace interaction component through which the service provider participants can establish their one or more offerings digitally for the transactional exchanges, the one or more offerings associated with respective transactional values predefined across the marketplace network by the respective service provider participants;
a memory circuit configured to store transactional information associated with each transactional exchange of the transactional exchanges among the participants in the marketplace network; and
a processing circuit in communication with the memory circuit and configured to process a transactional exchange digitally and generate an ownership trail of a transacted offering when a user participant consents for data ownership transfer, exclusively or inclusively for the data at least in part, from the user participant, toward a digital purchase and delivery of the offering, wherein the data at least in part has a value of at least equal to a transactional value of the offering exchanged between the service provider participant and the user participant over the marketplace network. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the marketplace interaction component further allows the plurality of service provider systems to:
define a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters for one or more entities and attributes associated with the one or more entities; publish the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the plurality of service provider systems; and transact for the offerings digitally published in the marketplace network with the data ownership transfer for the data at least in part valued at the transactional value, associated with the offering, calculated in accordance with the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters identified by the plurality of service provider systems, wherein the set digitally recognizable data valuation parameters comprise one or more of type of the data, length of the data, source of the data, number of entities contained in the data, and number of attributes associated with each of the entities. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction exchange includes either of:
delivery of the offering to the user participant by the service provider system and transferring of the data to the service provider system by the user participant system at the time of the transaction exchange, wherein the transferring of the data to the service provider system comprises one or more of changing access privileges for the service provider system for the data and sharing access credentials of a secured repository containing the data to the service provider system for allowing access; and delivery of the offering to the user participant by the service provider system at the time of transaction exchange and delaying the transferring of the data to the service provider system by the user participant system for a later specified time depending on availability of the data with the user participant system. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of buyer systems associated with respective buyer participants located remotely from one another and remotely from the plurality of service provider systems and the user systems, wherein each of the plurality of buyer systems comprises a respective buyer server. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to the plurality of buyer systems such that the transactional value for the offering is defined based on an input received from the plurality of buyer systems by the plurality of service provider systems, and wherein the trail of ownership transfer comprises at least a transfer of ownership from the user participant to the service provider participant, and from the service provider participant to the buyer participant either in real-time or deferred for a later time than when the transactional exchange is performed. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of participant systems are in communication with one another over a peer-to-peer communication network that maintains a decentralized blockchain ledger for tracking and recording the transactional exchanges and ownership trails, and wherein each of the participant systems includes at least one processing circuit and at least one physical storage medium that stores at least a portion of the decentralized blockchain ledger comprising a distributed database to record transactional information associated with a transactional exchange that occurs on the peer-to-peer communication network between at least two participants systems. 7. A merchant acquisition system for facilitating acquisition of an item in a digital marketplace network, the merchant acquisition system comprising a merchant server communicatively coupled and associated with a service provider system, wherein the merchant server comprises a processor and a physical storage medium that stores merchandise information and transactional information associated with the service provider system, the processor configured to:
define a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters for one or more entities and attributes associated with tradable data originally stored at a user system remotely located from the merchant server; publish the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system in the marketplace network along with digitally listed one or more offerings; and transact, for the item with a user participant associated with the user system, data ownership transfer for the tradable data at least in part owned originally by the user participant and valued at a transactional value no less than value of the item calculated in accordance with the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the merchant server is communicatively coupled to a buyer server located remotely from the merchant server, wherein the buyer server is associated with a respective buyer participant, such that the transactional value for the offering is defined by the merchant server based on an input received from the buyer server, wherein an ownership trail of the data ownership transfer for the data at least in part comprises at least a transfer of the ownership from the user participant to the service provider participant, and from the service provider participant to the buyer participant either in real-time or deferred for a later time than when the acquisition of the item is performed. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system are in communication with one another over a peer-to-peer communication network that maintains a decentralized blockchain ledger for tracking and recording the acquisition of the item and the ownership trail, wherein each of the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system includes at least one processing circuit and at least one physical storage medium that stores at least a portion of the decentralized blockchain ledger comprising a distributed database to record acquisition information associated with the acquisition of the item that occur on the peer-to-peer communication network between at least two of the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the merchant server is a first merchant server and the service provider system is a first service provider system, the system further comprising a number of merchant servers associated with respective service provider systems, each publishing one or more digital offerings in the marketplace network tradable in return of ownership transfer of one or more data files from a number of computer-executable data files, and wherein each of the computer-executable data files is owned originally by a user participant from a number of user participants associated with respective user systems and communicating with the first merchant server and the number of merchant servers over the marketplace network. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the merchant server enables a cryptographic wallet to reflect equivalent transactional value of one or more computer-executable data files owned originally by the user participant and marked by the user participant for trading in the marketplace network, wherein the one or more computer-executable data files comprising the tradable data in return of the one or more offerings, wherein the cryptographic wallet provides one or more acquisition-driven smart contracts that enable security of transactional information among transacting participants, and wherein the cryptographic wallet is configured to append blocks to the decentralized blockchain ledger with every acquisition which enables recording of the transactional information across many systems associated with the network participants so that any involved information cannot be altered. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the acquisition of the item includes either:
delivery of the offering to the user participant by the merchant server and transferring of the data to the merchant server by the user participant system at the time of the acquisition, wherein the transferring of the data to the merchant server comprises one or more of modifying access privileges for the merchant server so as to allows the data to be accessed by the merchant server, and sharing access credentials of a secured repository containing the data to the merchant server for allowing access; or delivery of the offering to the user participant by the merchant server at the time of acquisition of the item and delaying the transferring of the data to the merchant server by the user participant system for a later specified time depending on availability of the data with the user participant system. 13. A computer-controlled system for automated evidence-based transactional exchange between a service provider system associated with a service provider and a mobile communication device associated with a user, the system comprising a merchant server configured to:
collect predefined information about a mobile communication device and an associated user, the predefined information comprising at least a first computer-executable input indicative of an identifier of the mobile communication device and the associated user, and a second computer-executable input indicative of a service sought for delivery in the service setting, generate a first short message service component (SMS) that is sent to the mobile communication device; generate a second SMS that is sent to a service provider system, wherein the first SMS and the second SMS contain a first secured hashlink and a second secured hashlink respectively that are executable by the user and the service provider respectively, such that the first SMS and the second SMS are indicative of delivery of the service; and allow a transaction involving:
delivery of the service to the user, and
transfer of ownership of digitally executable data originally owned by the user to the service provider when the data is available at a later time in return of the service availed by the user. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the data is valued at no less than a value of the service calculated in accordance with a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system, wherein the merchant server generates and sends a confirmation electronic message along with a digitally executable unique service proof token (SPT) to the mobile communication device and the service provider system upon completion of the service delivery after execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink respectively by the mobile communication device and the service provider system, and wherein the unique SPT is associated with each of the mobile communication device and the service provider system and is indicative of completion and delivery of the service by the service provider system to the user associated with the mobile communication device. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the service provider system accesses the data automatically from a database when the data is available upon submitting the service proof token (SPT), and wherein the SPT serves as an evidence of the delivery of the service by the service provider to the user at a different prior time when the data was not yet available. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a blockchain device that automatically stores computer-executable instructions comprising the SPT associated with the mobile communication device and the service provider system for delivery of the service; and a central verification device that verifies the evidence of the service delivery, wherein the central verification device compares the SPT submitted by the service system with the SPT stored in the blockchain device to allow the service provider system access to the database storing the data. 17. A computer-controlled system for automated evidence-based transactional exchange between a service provider system associated with a service provider and a mobile communication device associated with a user, the system comprising a server configured to:
collect predefined information about a mobile communication device and an associated user, the predefined information comprising at least a first computer-executable input indicative of an identifier of the mobile communication device and the associated user, and a second computer-executable input indicative of a service sought for delivery in the service setting, generate and send a confirmation electronic message along with a digitally executable unique service proof token (SPT) to the mobile communication device and the service provider system upon completion of the service delivery, wherein the unique SPT is associated with each of the mobile communication device and the service provider system and records an evidence of the completion and delivery of the service by the service provider system to the user associated with the mobile communication device; and allow a transaction involving transfer of ownership of digitally executable data, originally owned by the user, to the service provider system when the data is available at a later time in return of the service availed by the user. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the server generates a first short message service component (SMS) that is sent to the mobile communication device, wherein the server generates a second SMS that is sent to the service provider system, and wherein the first SMS and the second SMS contain a first secured hashlink and a second secured hashlink respectively that are executable by the user and the service provider respectively, such that the first SMS and the second SMS are indicative of delivery of the service. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the SPT is generated after execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink respectively by the mobile communication device and the service provider system, wherein the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink are each executable with clicks such that the execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink record a proof of respective locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system, and wherein respective clicks record GPS locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a blockchain device, wherein the GPS locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system along with service details are stored in the blockchain device within the STP, and wherein the service provider system is configured to automatically secure the ownership of the digitally executable data at a later time using the STP from the blockchain device. | A marketplace network for facilitating transactions among a plurality of marketplace participants. The marketplace network includes a plurality of service provider systems associated with respective service provider participants. Each of the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to a respective merchant server. The marketplace network includes a plurality of user systems associated with respective user participants configured to generate a service request to one of the plurality of service provider systems. The marketplace server facilitates transactions digitally by executing a set of computer-executable tasks for securely processing transactional exchanges among the marketplace participants. The transactional exchanges include at least exchanges of ownership rights for digitally stored data at least in part owned originally by the user participants.1. A system containing a computer-controlled marketplace network for facilitating seamless transactions among a plurality of marketplace network participant systems, the system comprising:
a plurality of service provider systems associated with respective service provider participants and located remotely from one another physically in respective service settings that each includes one or more central computer servers, data stores, and cloud-based computing components for managing and processing delivery of one or more services in the service settings by the plurality of service provider systems, wherein each of the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to a respective merchant server; a plurality of user systems associated with respective user participants located remotely from one another and remotely from the plurality of service provider systems and configured to generate a service request to one of the plurality of service provider systems in the marketplace network; a computerized marketplace server that facilitates marketplace transactions digitally by executing a set of computer-executable tasks for securely processing transactional exchanges among the marketplace network participant systems, wherein the transactional exchanges comprise at least exchanges of ownership rights for digitally stored data at least in part owned originally by the user participants, the marketplace server comprising:
a marketplace interaction component through which the service provider participants can establish their one or more offerings digitally for the transactional exchanges, the one or more offerings associated with respective transactional values predefined across the marketplace network by the respective service provider participants;
a memory circuit configured to store transactional information associated with each transactional exchange of the transactional exchanges among the participants in the marketplace network; and
a processing circuit in communication with the memory circuit and configured to process a transactional exchange digitally and generate an ownership trail of a transacted offering when a user participant consents for data ownership transfer, exclusively or inclusively for the data at least in part, from the user participant, toward a digital purchase and delivery of the offering, wherein the data at least in part has a value of at least equal to a transactional value of the offering exchanged between the service provider participant and the user participant over the marketplace network. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the marketplace interaction component further allows the plurality of service provider systems to:
define a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters for one or more entities and attributes associated with the one or more entities; publish the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the plurality of service provider systems; and transact for the offerings digitally published in the marketplace network with the data ownership transfer for the data at least in part valued at the transactional value, associated with the offering, calculated in accordance with the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters identified by the plurality of service provider systems, wherein the set digitally recognizable data valuation parameters comprise one or more of type of the data, length of the data, source of the data, number of entities contained in the data, and number of attributes associated with each of the entities. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the transaction exchange includes either of:
delivery of the offering to the user participant by the service provider system and transferring of the data to the service provider system by the user participant system at the time of the transaction exchange, wherein the transferring of the data to the service provider system comprises one or more of changing access privileges for the service provider system for the data and sharing access credentials of a secured repository containing the data to the service provider system for allowing access; and delivery of the offering to the user participant by the service provider system at the time of transaction exchange and delaying the transferring of the data to the service provider system by the user participant system for a later specified time depending on availability of the data with the user participant system. 4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of buyer systems associated with respective buyer participants located remotely from one another and remotely from the plurality of service provider systems and the user systems, wherein each of the plurality of buyer systems comprises a respective buyer server. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the plurality of service provider systems are communicatively coupled to the plurality of buyer systems such that the transactional value for the offering is defined based on an input received from the plurality of buyer systems by the plurality of service provider systems, and wherein the trail of ownership transfer comprises at least a transfer of ownership from the user participant to the service provider participant, and from the service provider participant to the buyer participant either in real-time or deferred for a later time than when the transactional exchange is performed. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of participant systems are in communication with one another over a peer-to-peer communication network that maintains a decentralized blockchain ledger for tracking and recording the transactional exchanges and ownership trails, and wherein each of the participant systems includes at least one processing circuit and at least one physical storage medium that stores at least a portion of the decentralized blockchain ledger comprising a distributed database to record transactional information associated with a transactional exchange that occurs on the peer-to-peer communication network between at least two participants systems. 7. A merchant acquisition system for facilitating acquisition of an item in a digital marketplace network, the merchant acquisition system comprising a merchant server communicatively coupled and associated with a service provider system, wherein the merchant server comprises a processor and a physical storage medium that stores merchandise information and transactional information associated with the service provider system, the processor configured to:
define a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters for one or more entities and attributes associated with tradable data originally stored at a user system remotely located from the merchant server; publish the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system in the marketplace network along with digitally listed one or more offerings; and transact, for the item with a user participant associated with the user system, data ownership transfer for the tradable data at least in part owned originally by the user participant and valued at a transactional value no less than value of the item calculated in accordance with the set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the merchant server is communicatively coupled to a buyer server located remotely from the merchant server, wherein the buyer server is associated with a respective buyer participant, such that the transactional value for the offering is defined by the merchant server based on an input received from the buyer server, wherein an ownership trail of the data ownership transfer for the data at least in part comprises at least a transfer of the ownership from the user participant to the service provider participant, and from the service provider participant to the buyer participant either in real-time or deferred for a later time than when the acquisition of the item is performed. 9. The system of claim 7, wherein the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system are in communication with one another over a peer-to-peer communication network that maintains a decentralized blockchain ledger for tracking and recording the acquisition of the item and the ownership trail, wherein each of the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system includes at least one processing circuit and at least one physical storage medium that stores at least a portion of the decentralized blockchain ledger comprising a distributed database to record acquisition information associated with the acquisition of the item that occur on the peer-to-peer communication network between at least two of the merchant server, the buyer server, and the user system. 10. The system of claim 9, wherein the merchant server is a first merchant server and the service provider system is a first service provider system, the system further comprising a number of merchant servers associated with respective service provider systems, each publishing one or more digital offerings in the marketplace network tradable in return of ownership transfer of one or more data files from a number of computer-executable data files, and wherein each of the computer-executable data files is owned originally by a user participant from a number of user participants associated with respective user systems and communicating with the first merchant server and the number of merchant servers over the marketplace network. 11. The system of claim 9, wherein the merchant server enables a cryptographic wallet to reflect equivalent transactional value of one or more computer-executable data files owned originally by the user participant and marked by the user participant for trading in the marketplace network, wherein the one or more computer-executable data files comprising the tradable data in return of the one or more offerings, wherein the cryptographic wallet provides one or more acquisition-driven smart contracts that enable security of transactional information among transacting participants, and wherein the cryptographic wallet is configured to append blocks to the decentralized blockchain ledger with every acquisition which enables recording of the transactional information across many systems associated with the network participants so that any involved information cannot be altered. 12. The system of claim 7, wherein the acquisition of the item includes either:
delivery of the offering to the user participant by the merchant server and transferring of the data to the merchant server by the user participant system at the time of the acquisition, wherein the transferring of the data to the merchant server comprises one or more of modifying access privileges for the merchant server so as to allows the data to be accessed by the merchant server, and sharing access credentials of a secured repository containing the data to the merchant server for allowing access; or delivery of the offering to the user participant by the merchant server at the time of acquisition of the item and delaying the transferring of the data to the merchant server by the user participant system for a later specified time depending on availability of the data with the user participant system. 13. A computer-controlled system for automated evidence-based transactional exchange between a service provider system associated with a service provider and a mobile communication device associated with a user, the system comprising a merchant server configured to:
collect predefined information about a mobile communication device and an associated user, the predefined information comprising at least a first computer-executable input indicative of an identifier of the mobile communication device and the associated user, and a second computer-executable input indicative of a service sought for delivery in the service setting, generate a first short message service component (SMS) that is sent to the mobile communication device; generate a second SMS that is sent to a service provider system, wherein the first SMS and the second SMS contain a first secured hashlink and a second secured hashlink respectively that are executable by the user and the service provider respectively, such that the first SMS and the second SMS are indicative of delivery of the service; and allow a transaction involving:
delivery of the service to the user, and
transfer of ownership of digitally executable data originally owned by the user to the service provider when the data is available at a later time in return of the service availed by the user. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the data is valued at no less than a value of the service calculated in accordance with a set of digitally recognizable data valuation parameters defined by the service provider system, wherein the merchant server generates and sends a confirmation electronic message along with a digitally executable unique service proof token (SPT) to the mobile communication device and the service provider system upon completion of the service delivery after execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink respectively by the mobile communication device and the service provider system, and wherein the unique SPT is associated with each of the mobile communication device and the service provider system and is indicative of completion and delivery of the service by the service provider system to the user associated with the mobile communication device. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the service provider system accesses the data automatically from a database when the data is available upon submitting the service proof token (SPT), and wherein the SPT serves as an evidence of the delivery of the service by the service provider to the user at a different prior time when the data was not yet available. 16. The system of claim 15, further comprising:
a blockchain device that automatically stores computer-executable instructions comprising the SPT associated with the mobile communication device and the service provider system for delivery of the service; and a central verification device that verifies the evidence of the service delivery, wherein the central verification device compares the SPT submitted by the service system with the SPT stored in the blockchain device to allow the service provider system access to the database storing the data. 17. A computer-controlled system for automated evidence-based transactional exchange between a service provider system associated with a service provider and a mobile communication device associated with a user, the system comprising a server configured to:
collect predefined information about a mobile communication device and an associated user, the predefined information comprising at least a first computer-executable input indicative of an identifier of the mobile communication device and the associated user, and a second computer-executable input indicative of a service sought for delivery in the service setting, generate and send a confirmation electronic message along with a digitally executable unique service proof token (SPT) to the mobile communication device and the service provider system upon completion of the service delivery, wherein the unique SPT is associated with each of the mobile communication device and the service provider system and records an evidence of the completion and delivery of the service by the service provider system to the user associated with the mobile communication device; and allow a transaction involving transfer of ownership of digitally executable data, originally owned by the user, to the service provider system when the data is available at a later time in return of the service availed by the user. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the server generates a first short message service component (SMS) that is sent to the mobile communication device, wherein the server generates a second SMS that is sent to the service provider system, and wherein the first SMS and the second SMS contain a first secured hashlink and a second secured hashlink respectively that are executable by the user and the service provider respectively, such that the first SMS and the second SMS are indicative of delivery of the service. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the SPT is generated after execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink respectively by the mobile communication device and the service provider system, wherein the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink are each executable with clicks such that the execution of the first secured hashlink and the second secured hashlink record a proof of respective locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system, and wherein respective clicks record GPS locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system. 20. The system of claim 19, further comprising a blockchain device, wherein the GPS locations of the mobile communication device and the service provider system along with service details are stored in the blockchain device within the STP, and wherein the service provider system is configured to automatically secure the ownership of the digitally executable data at a later time using the STP from the blockchain device. | 3,600 |
349,994 | 350,868 | 16,854,851 | 3,685 | An optical lens assembly includes an optical lens and a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens. The PBP element is configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens. An Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs. | 1. An optical lens assembly, comprising:
an optical lens; and a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens, and configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens, wherein an Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs. 2. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the Abbe number of the PBP lens is negative, and the Abbe number of the optical lens is positive. 3. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a mirror, the optical lens is associated with a first ratio between a difference between an optical power of the optical lens and an optical power of the mirror and the Abbe number of the optical lens, the PBP element is associated with a second ratio between an optical power of the PBP element and the Abbe number of the PBP element, and a sum of the first ratio and the second ratio is substantially zero at a design wavelength. 4. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the optical lens includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled with the first optical element; and a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element. 5. The optical lens assembly of claim 4, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a quarter-waveplate disposed at the first surface or the second surface of the first optical element; and a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 6. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the PBP element is a PBP lens. 7. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein optical lens is a monolithic curved optical element. 8. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled to the first optical element; a linear polarizer disposed at a surface of the second optical element; and a quarter-wave plate optically coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the linear polarizer is disposed between the second optical element and the quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is disposed between the linear polarizer and the PBP element. 9. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the second optical element is disposed between the PBP element and the first optical element. 10. The optical lens assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the optical lens includes a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element and a waveplate disposed at a second surface of the first optical element, and the optical lens includes a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 11. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the PBP element is disposed between the second optical element and the first optical element. 12. The optical lens assembly of claim 11, further comprising:
a combination of a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the second optical element is disposed between the combination of the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and the PBP element. 13. An optical system, comprising:
an electronic display configured to generate an image light; and an optical lens assembly optically coupled with the electronic display and configured to guide the image light to an eye-box, the optical lens assembly including:
an optical lens; and
a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens, and configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens,
wherein an Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs. 14. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the Abbe number of the PBP lens is negative, and the Abbe number of the optical lens is positive. 15. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a mirror, the optical lens is associated with a first ratio between a difference between an optical power of the optical lens and an optical power of the mirror and the Abbe number of the optical lens, the PBP element is associated with a second ratio between an optical power of the PBP element and the Abbe number of the PBP element, and a sum of the first ratio and the second ratio is substantially zero at a design wavelength. 16. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the optical lens includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled with the first optical element; and a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element. 17. The optical system of claim 16, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a quarter-waveplate disposed at a second surface of the first optical element; and a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 18. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled to the first optical element; a linear polarizer disposed at a surface of the second optical element; and a quarter-wave plate optically coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the linear polarizer is disposed between the second optical element and the quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is disposed between the linear polarizer and the PBP element. 19. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the second optical element is disposed between the PBP element and the first optical element. 20. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the PBP element is disposed between the second optical element and the first optical element. | An optical lens assembly includes an optical lens and a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens. The PBP element is configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens. An Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs.1. An optical lens assembly, comprising:
an optical lens; and a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens, and configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens, wherein an Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs. 2. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the Abbe number of the PBP lens is negative, and the Abbe number of the optical lens is positive. 3. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a mirror, the optical lens is associated with a first ratio between a difference between an optical power of the optical lens and an optical power of the mirror and the Abbe number of the optical lens, the PBP element is associated with a second ratio between an optical power of the PBP element and the Abbe number of the PBP element, and a sum of the first ratio and the second ratio is substantially zero at a design wavelength. 4. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the optical lens includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled with the first optical element; and a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element. 5. The optical lens assembly of claim 4, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a quarter-waveplate disposed at the first surface or the second surface of the first optical element; and a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 6. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the PBP element is a PBP lens. 7. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein optical lens is a monolithic curved optical element. 8. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled to the first optical element; a linear polarizer disposed at a surface of the second optical element; and a quarter-wave plate optically coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the linear polarizer is disposed between the second optical element and the quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is disposed between the linear polarizer and the PBP element. 9. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the second optical element is disposed between the PBP element and the first optical element. 10. The optical lens assembly of claim 9, wherein:
the optical lens includes a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element and a waveplate disposed at a second surface of the first optical element, and the optical lens includes a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 11. The optical lens assembly of claim 1, wherein
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the PBP element is disposed between the second optical element and the first optical element. 12. The optical lens assembly of claim 11, further comprising:
a combination of a linear polarizer and a quarter-wave plate coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the second optical element is disposed between the combination of the linear polarizer and the quarter-wave plate and the PBP element. 13. An optical system, comprising:
an electronic display configured to generate an image light; and an optical lens assembly optically coupled with the electronic display and configured to guide the image light to an eye-box, the optical lens assembly including:
an optical lens; and
a Pancharatnam Berry Phase (“PBP”) element coupled to the optical lens, and configured to provide chromatic aberration correction for the optical lens,
wherein an Abbe number of the PBP element and an Abbe number of the optical lens have opposite signs. 14. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the Abbe number of the PBP lens is negative, and the Abbe number of the optical lens is positive. 15. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a mirror, the optical lens is associated with a first ratio between a difference between an optical power of the optical lens and an optical power of the mirror and the Abbe number of the optical lens, the PBP element is associated with a second ratio between an optical power of the PBP element and the Abbe number of the PBP element, and a sum of the first ratio and the second ratio is substantially zero at a design wavelength. 16. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the optical lens includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled with the first optical element; and a mirror disposed at a first surface of the first optical element. 17. The optical system of claim 16, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a quarter-waveplate disposed at a second surface of the first optical element; and a reflective polarizer disposed at a first surface or a second surface of the second optical element. 18. The optical system of claim 13, wherein the optical lens further includes:
a first optical element; a second optical element coupled to the first optical element; a linear polarizer disposed at a surface of the second optical element; and a quarter-wave plate optically coupled to the linear polarizer, wherein the linear polarizer is disposed between the second optical element and the quarter-wave plate, and the quarter-wave plate is disposed between the linear polarizer and the PBP element. 19. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the second optical element is disposed between the PBP element and the first optical element. 20. The optical system of claim 13, wherein:
the optical lens includes a first optical element and a second optical element coupled to the first optical element, and the PBP element is disposed between the second optical element and the first optical element. | 3,600 |
349,995 | 350,869 | 16,854,824 | 3,685 | Systems and methods are provided for checking many users in to a location using a Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) beacon. The provided systems and methods may allow a BLE beacon to facilitate a check in with a remote server that processes check ins and then disconnect from the device used to check in. The device may be assigned a unique identifier that may be broadcast from the device during the check in so that the BLE beacon can quickly scan for the identifier and connect with the device based on the identifier to provide content and other information to the device. | 1. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device;
in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device;
receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device;
transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier;
detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier;
in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 7. The system of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device; in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device; receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device; transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier; detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier; in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, the operations further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device; in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device; receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device; transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier; detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier; in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. | Systems and methods are provided for checking many users in to a location using a Bluetooth® low energy (BLE) beacon. The provided systems and methods may allow a BLE beacon to facilitate a check in with a remote server that processes check ins and then disconnect from the device used to check in. The device may be assigned a unique identifier that may be broadcast from the device during the check in so that the BLE beacon can quickly scan for the identifier and connect with the device based on the identifier to provide content and other information to the device.1. A system, comprising:
a non-transitory memory; and one or more hardware processors coupled to the non-transitory memory and configured to read instructions from the non-transitory memory to cause the system to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device;
in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device;
receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device;
transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier;
detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier;
in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 5. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 6. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 7. The system of claim 6, the operations further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. 8. A non-transitory machine-readable medium having stored thereon machine-readable instructions executable to cause a machine to perform operations comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device; in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device; receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device; transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier; detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier; in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 10. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 9, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 11. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 13. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 14. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 13, the operations further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. 15. A method, comprising:
receiving, by one or more beacon devices, a check-in request from a user device; in response to receiving the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, the check-in request to a server device; receiving, by the one or more beacon devices from the server device, a device identifier corresponding to the user device; transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device, the device identifier; detecting, by the one or more beacon devices, a first signal from the user device, wherein the first signal includes the device identifier; in response to detecting the first signal, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices, a content to the user device, wherein the content is received by the one or more beacon devices from the server device. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein a first beacon device of the one or more beacon devices receives the check-in request, and a second beacon device of the one or more beacon devices detects the first signal from the user device. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the second beacon device is in a first location within a merchant location, and wherein the content is an offer corresponding to a product associated with the first location. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the one or more beacon devices include a first beacon device associated with a first location of a merchant location and a second beacon device associated with a second location of the merchant location, and wherein the content corresponds to a shopping pattern determined based on the user device connecting to the first beacon device and the second beacon device. 19. The method of claim 15, further comprising broadcasting, by the one or more beacon devices, a generic identifier, wherein a reception of the generic identifier by the user device initiates communications between the one or more beacon devices and the user device. 20. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
in response to receiving a request for metadata associated with the check-in request from the user device, transmitting, by the one or more beacon devices to the user device the metadata, wherein the metadata is signed using a private key. 21. The method of claim 20, further comprising:
causing, by the one or more beacon devices, the user device to utilize a public key received from the server device to verify the metadata, wherein an option to check-in is provided on the user device based on the verifying the metadata. | 3,600 |
349,996 | 350,870 | 16,854,810 | 3,685 | Provided are methods for continuously administering to a subject in need of treatment a formulation comprising an immunomodulatory imide compound. In some embodiments, the method are for use in treating multiple myeloma, transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, mantle cell lymphoma, hematologic cancers, or solid tumor cancers. | 1. A method of treating multiple myeloma, transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hematologic cancers, solid tumor cancers, or inflammatory disease comprising: continuously administering to a subject in need of the treatment a formulation comprising an immunomodulatory imide compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve an AUC of the immunomodulatory imide compound of between 10% and 60% of the exposure (AUC) obtained from a standard of care treatment, or wherein the method continuously administers the formulation at a dose rate such that the daily dose of the immunomodulatory imide compound is 10-75% of the daily dose of a standard of care treatment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve a blood level of the immunomodulatory imide compound that is equivalent to the blood level at a time point from 10 hours to 16 hours obtained from once daily oral dose of 2.5-50 mg of the immunomodulatory imide compound. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve a blood level of the immunomodulatory imide compound that is equivalent to the blood level at 12 hours obtained from once daily oral dose of 2.5-50 mg of the immunomodulatory imide compound. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein continuous administration of the formulation comprising the immunomodulatory imide compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises continuous administration of the formulation to the subject for one day, two days, three days, four days, five days, six days, seven days, eight days, nine days, ten days, eleven days, twelve days, thirteen days, or fourteen days 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the immunomodulatory imide compound is selected from the group consisting of thalidiomode, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, apremilast, and iberdomide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the immunomodulatory imide compound is lenalidomide. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the continuous administration comprises continuous administration of lenalidomide to the subject at a rate of about 16-1400 μg/hour. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein continuous administration comprises continuous administration of the formulation to the subject to achieve a steady state plasma level of lenalidomide in a range of about 3.5-140 μg/L. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 185 μg to 725 μg/hour for treating newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 19-70 μg/L. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 70 μg to 285 μg/hour for maintenance treatment of multiple myeloma. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 7.5-28 μg/L. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 30 μg to 145 μg/hour for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 3.5-14 μg/L. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via infusion. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via intravenous or subcutaneous infusion. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via subcutaneous infusion. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Tween 80, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, dextrose, PEG400, or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water and PEG 400. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water and PEG 400 at a ratio of 5:1 (v/v). 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is in the form of a transdermal formulation, extended or sustained release tablet or capsule, or implant. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation comprises a transdermal liquid formulation, a transdermal semisolid formulation, a transdermal polymer matrix formulation, or combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is in the form of a transdermal patch. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the transdermal patch is selected from the group consisting of a reservoir patch, a microreservoir patch, a matrix patch, a pressure sensitive adhesive patch, and an extended release transdermal film. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is in the form of a liquid formulation and/or semisolid formulation. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is for delivery using microneedles. 28. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration step comprises administering the formulation to a subject once every two days, once every three days, once every four days, once every five days, once every six days, once every seven days, or once every ten days for a predetermined time period. 29. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of:
b. obtaining a blood sample of the subject after the step of applying the formulation; c. performing a pharmacokinetic assessment of the blood sample; d. adjusting the transdermal formulation in response to the pharmacokinetic assessment; and e. applying the adjusted formulation to the subject. | Provided are methods for continuously administering to a subject in need of treatment a formulation comprising an immunomodulatory imide compound. In some embodiments, the method are for use in treating multiple myeloma, transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, mantle cell lymphoma, hematologic cancers, or solid tumor cancers.1. A method of treating multiple myeloma, transfusion-dependent anemia due to low- or intermediate-1-risk myelodysplastic syndromes, mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hematologic cancers, solid tumor cancers, or inflammatory disease comprising: continuously administering to a subject in need of the treatment a formulation comprising an immunomodulatory imide compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve an AUC of the immunomodulatory imide compound of between 10% and 60% of the exposure (AUC) obtained from a standard of care treatment, or wherein the method continuously administers the formulation at a dose rate such that the daily dose of the immunomodulatory imide compound is 10-75% of the daily dose of a standard of care treatment. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve a blood level of the immunomodulatory imide compound that is equivalent to the blood level at a time point from 10 hours to 16 hours obtained from once daily oral dose of 2.5-50 mg of the immunomodulatory imide compound. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the method continuously administers the formulation to achieve a blood level of the immunomodulatory imide compound that is equivalent to the blood level at 12 hours obtained from once daily oral dose of 2.5-50 mg of the immunomodulatory imide compound. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein continuous administration of the formulation comprising the immunomodulatory imide compound and the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises continuous administration of the formulation to the subject for one day, two days, three days, four days, five days, six days, seven days, eight days, nine days, ten days, eleven days, twelve days, thirteen days, or fourteen days 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the immunomodulatory imide compound is selected from the group consisting of thalidiomode, lenalidomide, pomalidomide, apremilast, and iberdomide. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the immunomodulatory imide compound is lenalidomide. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the continuous administration comprises continuous administration of lenalidomide to the subject at a rate of about 16-1400 μg/hour. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein continuous administration comprises continuous administration of the formulation to the subject to achieve a steady state plasma level of lenalidomide in a range of about 3.5-140 μg/L. 10. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 185 μg to 725 μg/hour for treating newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 19-70 μg/L. 12. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 70 μg to 285 μg/hour for maintenance treatment of multiple myeloma. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 7.5-28 μg/L. 14. The method of claim 7, wherein lenalidomide is continuously delivered at a rate of 30 μg to 145 μg/hour for treating chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the method achieves a steady state blood level of lenalidomide in the range of about 3.5-14 μg/L. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via infusion. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via intravenous or subcutaneous infusion. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises continuously administering the formulation to the subject via subcutaneous infusion. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), Tween 80, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, dextrose, PEG400, or combinations thereof. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water and PEG 400. 21. The method of claim 20, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier comprises water and PEG 400 at a ratio of 5:1 (v/v). 22. The method of claim 1, wherein the formulation is in the form of a transdermal formulation, extended or sustained release tablet or capsule, or implant. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation comprises a transdermal liquid formulation, a transdermal semisolid formulation, a transdermal polymer matrix formulation, or combinations thereof. 24. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is in the form of a transdermal patch. 25. The method of claim 24, wherein the transdermal patch is selected from the group consisting of a reservoir patch, a microreservoir patch, a matrix patch, a pressure sensitive adhesive patch, and an extended release transdermal film. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is in the form of a liquid formulation and/or semisolid formulation. 27. The method of claim 22, wherein the transdermal formulation is for delivery using microneedles. 28. The method of claim 22, wherein the administration step comprises administering the formulation to a subject once every two days, once every three days, once every four days, once every five days, once every six days, once every seven days, or once every ten days for a predetermined time period. 29. The method of claim 22, further comprising the step of:
b. obtaining a blood sample of the subject after the step of applying the formulation; c. performing a pharmacokinetic assessment of the blood sample; d. adjusting the transdermal formulation in response to the pharmacokinetic assessment; and e. applying the adjusted formulation to the subject. | 3,600 |
349,997 | 350,871 | 16,854,819 | 3,685 | Provided in the present invention are techniques for processing video. The techniques comprise: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one video data frame at a first framerate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations corresponding to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. | 1. A method for processing video data, comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting end transmits the at least one frame to the receiving end through a physical interface. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to the physical interface; transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 4. The method according to claim 3,
wherein the transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 6. A device of processing video data, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor to configure the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate , wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate; processing the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting end transmits the at least one frame to the receiving end through a physical interface. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to the physical interface; transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 9. The device according to claim 8,
wherein the transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 10. The device according to claim 6, the operations further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored for processing video data, wherein the computer program upon execution by a processor causes the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, the operation further comprising:
processing the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
obtaining the frame from the cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to a video transmission interface; transmitting the frame to the video transmission interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 13, wherein
wherein the transmitting the frame to the video transmission interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, the operations further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. | Provided in the present invention are techniques for processing video. The techniques comprise: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one video data frame at a first framerate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations corresponding to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back.1. A method for processing video data, comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate; performing operation processing on the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting end transmits the at least one frame to the receiving end through a physical interface. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to the physical interface; transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 4. The method according to claim 3,
wherein the transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 6. A device of processing video data, comprising:
at least one processor; and at least one memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor to configure the at least one processor to perform operations, the operations comprising: converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate , wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate; processing the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the transmitting end transmits the at least one frame to the receiving end through a physical interface. 8. The device according to claim 7, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
writing the frame into a cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to the physical interface; transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 9. The device according to claim 8,
wherein the transmitting the frame to the physical interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 10. The device according to claim 6, the operations further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. 11. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored for processing video data, wherein the computer program upon execution by a processor causes the processor to perform operations, the operations comprising:
converting, by a transmitting end, video data into at least one frame at a first frame rate; transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate, wherein a ratio of a transmission time of each frame to a transmission cycle is less than or equal to 1:2, wherein the transmission cycle is approximately equal to a frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate; and receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations, wherein each of the two adjacent frame durations corresponds to the first frame rate. 12. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, the operation further comprising:
processing the received frames; and combining the processed frames into a set of frames to be played back. 13. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 11, wherein the transmitting, by the transmitting end, a frame generated within a previous frame duration to a receiving end for one time only within each frame duration corresponding to the first frame rate further comprises:
obtaining the frame from the cache unit in the transmitting end; transmitting a control signal and an auxiliary signal to a video transmission interface; transmitting the frame to the video transmission interface within a predetermined time threshold; and waiting for an end of a current transmission cycle. 14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 13, wherein
wherein the transmitting the frame to the video transmission interface within a predetermined time threshold further comprises adjusting a ratio of a frequency of a line synchronization signal to a reference frequency equal to or greater than 2:1; and wherein the receiving, by the receiving end, two respective frames within two adjacent frame durations further comprises performing frequency division on a received line synchronization signal according to the ratio. 15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium according to claim 12, the operations further comprising:
displaying, by the receiving end, the set of frames to be played back at a second frame rate. | 3,600 |
349,998 | 350,872 | 16,854,829 | 3,685 | Embodiments include multi-function electronic payment card and device systems capable of generating a programmed magnetic field of alternating polarity based on a speed of a card swipe, and methods for constructing the device for the purpose of emulating a standard credit card. An apparatus is described to allow the device to emulate behavior of a credit card when used in electronic credit card readers. Additionally methods are described to allow user control of the device for the purpose of authorizing or controlling use of the device in the application of credit, debit and cash transactions, including cryptocurrency and card-to-card transactions. Methods are also described for generating a limited-duration credit card number when performing a transaction for the purpose of creating a limited-use credit card number, which is limited in scope of use to a predetermined number of authorized transactions. Furthermore the device may interact with other similar devices in proximity for the purpose of funds or credit/debit transfers. | 1. A payment system comprising:
a payment card device free of any fixed payment numbers visible thereon and operable for use in payment card reader equipment; and a computing device comprising: a processor; a memory; a wireless interface; a touch-screen user interface operable to provide a visual user-interface for user payment interactions; and a user-input device coupled to the processor, and wherein the processor is operable to store a transaction sequence count, a device account number and secrets limited to the computing device, and wherein the computing device is operable to receive, store and transmit a payment card information not visible on the payment card device, and wherein the processor is operable to generate at least a portion of a limited-use card payment information for use by an authenticated card user, and wherein the computing device is operable to convey said payment information via an interface disposed of the computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to reject as invalid a transaction attempt outside of its limitations of use, wherein a card issuer authority is operable to validate a payment information as authentic when received from at least one of: an authenticated users payment card; and an authenticated users computing device, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to permit the authentic transactions to complete. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable to control an access for payment transactions by the card device, and is operable to enable as authentic payment transactions by the card device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable to control an access of the card device for payment transactions at an NFC Card Reader facility, and is operable to enable and disable NFC payment transactions by the card device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the touch-screen user-interface is configurable for a locking and unlocking of payment transactions, and
wherein a card issuer authority is further operable for denying a payment transaction from at least one of: a locked card device; and a locked card-users computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to permit as authorized, a card payment transaction from an unlocked device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the payment card device is absent a payment number information necessary for completing an online transaction, and
wherein the information presented on an interface of said card device, are limited to an in-store merchant card reader facility use only. 6. A system of claim 1, wherein:
the card issuer authority is operable to receive said transacted payment information, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to compute a limited-use payment information from a transaction information, a merchant, a facility information, a sequence counter, a payment card account information, secrets and an information limited to said card device and to said computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to compare said computed payment information to said device transacted information, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to reject as invalid a device transaction used outside of a valid range of device limitations, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to authenticate as valid, a device transaction use within valid range of device limitations. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the card payment information via the wireless interface for completing an online transaction. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the limited-use card payment information via an NFC interface of the computing device in an in-store NFC reader facility transaction. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the limited-use payment information wirelessly with another device via a wireless interface of the computing device, in a device-to-device transaction. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transmit a payment information visually, in alphanumeric, graphical and iconography via the touch screen user interface. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a touch-screen user interface control for a user approving and denying a transaction, and
wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to deny as authentic, a card payment transaction from a user-denied transaction, and to approve as authentic a card payment transaction from a user-approved transaction. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to present at least one challenge, of a set of security challenges comprising:
a card user personal information question, a card issuer authority security question, a user touch-screen entry, a user touch-screen swipe, a user gesture of a device, a user passcode entry, a biometric sensing of a user touch, a biometric sensing of a recognized user proximity, and a biometric sensing of a recognized user, and wherein the computing device is operable to reject and accept a user authorization to use the device based on the security challenge response, and wherein the computing device is operable to decline performing a payment transaction in the possession of an unauthorized user, and wherein the computing device is operable to perform a payment transaction while in the possession of a user correctly passing the at least one challenge. 13. The user computing device of claim 12, wherein a payment issuing authority is operable to decline transactions performed by the computing device when a user fails the at least one security challenge. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein a payment issuing authority is operable to decline transactions performed by the payment card device when a user fails at least one security challenge presented to a user by the computing device. 15. A payment system comprising:
a payment card device that is free of any fixed payment numbers disposed thereon and is operable for use in a merchant card-reader equipment; and A card-users personal computing device operable for completing a payment transaction and comprising: A processor; A touch-screen display interface; A user-interface; A wireless interface; and a memory for storing a payment card information accessible to the processor, Wherein the computing device is configured to dynamically generate limited-use payment information, and Wherein the computing device is configured to convey the limited-use payment information on a computing device interface upon the authorization of a valid user, and Wherein a merchant is operable to receive a payment card information provided by a personal computing device, and Wherein the limited-use payment information provided by at least one or both of: the payment card device, and the computing device, is validated by a card issuing authority when used in merchant in-store facility transactions, and wherein a card issuing authority is operable to reject as invalid, a payment information used outside of its valid limitations of use, and Wherein a card issuing authority is operable to validate generated limited-use card payment information provided by the computing device in an authorized transaction completed by the computing device. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable for displaying the limited-use payment information, and
wherein a merchant is operable to accept the displayed payment card information in a transaction at a merchant facility. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the touch-screen display interface is operable to display a merchant facility transaction, and
wherein the touch-screen display interface is operable to accept a user approval and denial of a payment transaction, and wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to deny a card payment transaction from a user-denied merchant facility transaction, and to approve as authentic a card payment transaction from a user-approved facility transaction. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein a plurality of issuer-provided payment information is wirelessly downloaded into the personal computing device, and
wherein the user-interface is operable for a user selection, of at least one of issuer-provided payment methods via the touch-screen display interface, and wherein the payment card device is operable for a transaction with a user-selected payment method. 19. The card device of claim 15, wherein the payment card device comprises fixed payment information disposed thereon, and
wherein the fixed payment information comprises only: a card-holder name; a payment issuing logo; a card payment network logo, and a card reader interface icon, and wherein the payment card device is free of any account numbers, expiration dates, card security codes, or other fixed payment numbers, disposed thereon. 20. An apparatus comprising:
a thin card-shaped device; a memory configured to store identification data, secrets, a sequence counter, a real-time clock; and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to generate a card payment information based on the identification data, the secrets, the clock time, and the sequence count, and wherein the generated card information is configured to be used in place of card issuer information; and an interface configured to communicate the generated card information, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the generated card information via the interface; and a display configured to display at least a portion of the card payment information; and wherein the processor is further configured to dynamically generate from the stored information, a card security code number associated with the card issuer information, and present said dynamic number on said display. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a card issuing authority is operable to receive a payment transaction information, and
wherein the card issuer authority is operable to compute an expected information from at least one of a set of information comprising: an issuer clock time, an issuer transaction sequence count, an issuer card user information, an issuer card account information, a transaction amount, a user credit limit, a user account balance, a merchant facility information, and a transaction information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to approve as authentic, a payment transaction substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to deny as not authentic, a payment transaction not substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the transaction completes when the card issuer authority approves a transaction. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises a wireless interface configured to wirelessly communicate the card information; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the card information via the wireless interface; and wherein the processor is further configured to transmit said card information and said dynamically generated code, over said interface, to a wirelessly connected personal computing device. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises an NFC interface configured to communicate the card information to an NFC reader; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the card information via the NFC interface. 24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises an chip-reader interface configured to communicate the card information to a chip card reader; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmit the card information via the chip-reader interface. 25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises a display interface configured to communicate the card information via alphanumerical, graphical, and iconographical imagery on the display, and
wherein the processor is configured to dynamically update at least a portion of the payment information via the display interface. 26. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to update the sequence count based on at least one selected from a set of events comprising:
a user input, a card activation, a card insertion in card-reader, a transaction initiation, a transaction completion, a card-reader transaction acknowledgement, a card generation of information, a number of uses, a remaining number of uses, a number of limited uses, and an information transaction over said interface. 27. An apparatus comprising:
a thin card-shaped device, a display, a memory configured to store a card issuer identification data, secrets, a sequence counter, and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to generate a card payment information based on the identification data, the secrets, and the sequence count, and wherein the generated card information is configured to be used in place of card issuer information; and an interface configured to communicate the generated card information, wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the generated card information via the interface; and wherein the processor is configured to display at least a portion of the generated card information; and wherein the processor is further configured to dynamically generate from the stored information, a card security code number associated with the card issuer information, and present said dynamically generate number on said display. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a card issuing authority is operable to receive a payment transaction information, and
wherein the card issuer authority is operable to compute an expected information from at least one of a set of information comprising: an issuer clock time, an issuer transaction sequence count, an issuer card user information, an issuer card account information, a transaction amount, a user credit limit, a user account balance, a merchant facility information, and a transaction information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to approve as authentic, a payment transaction substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to deny as not authentic, a payment transaction not substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the transaction can complete when the card issuer authority approves a transaction. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to update the sequence count based on at least one selected from a set of events comprising:
a user input, a card activation, a card insertion in card-reader, a transaction initiation, a transaction completion, a card-reader transaction acknowledgement, a card generation of information, a number of uses, a remaining number of uses, a number of limited uses, and an information transaction over said interface. | Embodiments include multi-function electronic payment card and device systems capable of generating a programmed magnetic field of alternating polarity based on a speed of a card swipe, and methods for constructing the device for the purpose of emulating a standard credit card. An apparatus is described to allow the device to emulate behavior of a credit card when used in electronic credit card readers. Additionally methods are described to allow user control of the device for the purpose of authorizing or controlling use of the device in the application of credit, debit and cash transactions, including cryptocurrency and card-to-card transactions. Methods are also described for generating a limited-duration credit card number when performing a transaction for the purpose of creating a limited-use credit card number, which is limited in scope of use to a predetermined number of authorized transactions. Furthermore the device may interact with other similar devices in proximity for the purpose of funds or credit/debit transfers.1. A payment system comprising:
a payment card device free of any fixed payment numbers visible thereon and operable for use in payment card reader equipment; and a computing device comprising: a processor; a memory; a wireless interface; a touch-screen user interface operable to provide a visual user-interface for user payment interactions; and a user-input device coupled to the processor, and wherein the processor is operable to store a transaction sequence count, a device account number and secrets limited to the computing device, and wherein the computing device is operable to receive, store and transmit a payment card information not visible on the payment card device, and wherein the processor is operable to generate at least a portion of a limited-use card payment information for use by an authenticated card user, and wherein the computing device is operable to convey said payment information via an interface disposed of the computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to reject as invalid a transaction attempt outside of its limitations of use, wherein a card issuer authority is operable to validate a payment information as authentic when received from at least one of: an authenticated users payment card; and an authenticated users computing device, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to permit the authentic transactions to complete. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable to control an access for payment transactions by the card device, and is operable to enable as authentic payment transactions by the card device. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable to control an access of the card device for payment transactions at an NFC Card Reader facility, and is operable to enable and disable NFC payment transactions by the card device. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the touch-screen user-interface is configurable for a locking and unlocking of payment transactions, and
wherein a card issuer authority is further operable for denying a payment transaction from at least one of: a locked card device; and a locked card-users computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to permit as authorized, a card payment transaction from an unlocked device. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the payment card device is absent a payment number information necessary for completing an online transaction, and
wherein the information presented on an interface of said card device, are limited to an in-store merchant card reader facility use only. 6. A system of claim 1, wherein:
the card issuer authority is operable to receive said transacted payment information, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to compute a limited-use payment information from a transaction information, a merchant, a facility information, a sequence counter, a payment card account information, secrets and an information limited to said card device and to said computing device, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to compare said computed payment information to said device transacted information, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to reject as invalid a device transaction used outside of a valid range of device limitations, and wherein a card issuer authority is operable to authenticate as valid, a device transaction use within valid range of device limitations. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the card payment information via the wireless interface for completing an online transaction. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the limited-use card payment information via an NFC interface of the computing device in an in-store NFC reader facility transaction. 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transceive the limited-use payment information wirelessly with another device via a wireless interface of the computing device, in a device-to-device transaction. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to transmit a payment information visually, in alphanumeric, graphical and iconography via the touch screen user interface. 11. The system of claim 1, further comprising a touch-screen user interface control for a user approving and denying a transaction, and
wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to deny as authentic, a card payment transaction from a user-denied transaction, and to approve as authentic a card payment transaction from a user-approved transaction. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein the computing device is further operable to present at least one challenge, of a set of security challenges comprising:
a card user personal information question, a card issuer authority security question, a user touch-screen entry, a user touch-screen swipe, a user gesture of a device, a user passcode entry, a biometric sensing of a user touch, a biometric sensing of a recognized user proximity, and a biometric sensing of a recognized user, and wherein the computing device is operable to reject and accept a user authorization to use the device based on the security challenge response, and wherein the computing device is operable to decline performing a payment transaction in the possession of an unauthorized user, and wherein the computing device is operable to perform a payment transaction while in the possession of a user correctly passing the at least one challenge. 13. The user computing device of claim 12, wherein a payment issuing authority is operable to decline transactions performed by the computing device when a user fails the at least one security challenge. 14. The system of claim 1, wherein a payment issuing authority is operable to decline transactions performed by the payment card device when a user fails at least one security challenge presented to a user by the computing device. 15. A payment system comprising:
a payment card device that is free of any fixed payment numbers disposed thereon and is operable for use in a merchant card-reader equipment; and A card-users personal computing device operable for completing a payment transaction and comprising: A processor; A touch-screen display interface; A user-interface; A wireless interface; and a memory for storing a payment card information accessible to the processor, Wherein the computing device is configured to dynamically generate limited-use payment information, and Wherein the computing device is configured to convey the limited-use payment information on a computing device interface upon the authorization of a valid user, and Wherein a merchant is operable to receive a payment card information provided by a personal computing device, and Wherein the limited-use payment information provided by at least one or both of: the payment card device, and the computing device, is validated by a card issuing authority when used in merchant in-store facility transactions, and wherein a card issuing authority is operable to reject as invalid, a payment information used outside of its valid limitations of use, and Wherein a card issuing authority is operable to validate generated limited-use card payment information provided by the computing device in an authorized transaction completed by the computing device. 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the touch-screen user interface is operable for displaying the limited-use payment information, and
wherein a merchant is operable to accept the displayed payment card information in a transaction at a merchant facility. 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the touch-screen display interface is operable to display a merchant facility transaction, and
wherein the touch-screen display interface is operable to accept a user approval and denial of a payment transaction, and wherein a card issuer authority is further operable to deny a card payment transaction from a user-denied merchant facility transaction, and to approve as authentic a card payment transaction from a user-approved facility transaction. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein a plurality of issuer-provided payment information is wirelessly downloaded into the personal computing device, and
wherein the user-interface is operable for a user selection, of at least one of issuer-provided payment methods via the touch-screen display interface, and wherein the payment card device is operable for a transaction with a user-selected payment method. 19. The card device of claim 15, wherein the payment card device comprises fixed payment information disposed thereon, and
wherein the fixed payment information comprises only: a card-holder name; a payment issuing logo; a card payment network logo, and a card reader interface icon, and wherein the payment card device is free of any account numbers, expiration dates, card security codes, or other fixed payment numbers, disposed thereon. 20. An apparatus comprising:
a thin card-shaped device; a memory configured to store identification data, secrets, a sequence counter, a real-time clock; and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to generate a card payment information based on the identification data, the secrets, the clock time, and the sequence count, and wherein the generated card information is configured to be used in place of card issuer information; and an interface configured to communicate the generated card information, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the generated card information via the interface; and a display configured to display at least a portion of the card payment information; and wherein the processor is further configured to dynamically generate from the stored information, a card security code number associated with the card issuer information, and present said dynamic number on said display. 21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein a card issuing authority is operable to receive a payment transaction information, and
wherein the card issuer authority is operable to compute an expected information from at least one of a set of information comprising: an issuer clock time, an issuer transaction sequence count, an issuer card user information, an issuer card account information, a transaction amount, a user credit limit, a user account balance, a merchant facility information, and a transaction information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to approve as authentic, a payment transaction substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to deny as not authentic, a payment transaction not substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the transaction completes when the card issuer authority approves a transaction. 22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises a wireless interface configured to wirelessly communicate the card information; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the card information via the wireless interface; and wherein the processor is further configured to transmit said card information and said dynamically generated code, over said interface, to a wirelessly connected personal computing device. 23. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises an NFC interface configured to communicate the card information to an NFC reader; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the card information via the NFC interface. 24. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises an chip-reader interface configured to communicate the card information to a chip card reader; and
wherein the processor is configured to transmit the card information via the chip-reader interface. 25. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the interface comprises a display interface configured to communicate the card information via alphanumerical, graphical, and iconographical imagery on the display, and
wherein the processor is configured to dynamically update at least a portion of the payment information via the display interface. 26. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to update the sequence count based on at least one selected from a set of events comprising:
a user input, a card activation, a card insertion in card-reader, a transaction initiation, a transaction completion, a card-reader transaction acknowledgement, a card generation of information, a number of uses, a remaining number of uses, a number of limited uses, and an information transaction over said interface. 27. An apparatus comprising:
a thin card-shaped device, a display, a memory configured to store a card issuer identification data, secrets, a sequence counter, and a processor coupled to the memory, wherein the processor is configured to generate a card payment information based on the identification data, the secrets, and the sequence count, and wherein the generated card information is configured to be used in place of card issuer information; and an interface configured to communicate the generated card information, wherein the processor is configured to transmitting the generated card information via the interface; and wherein the processor is configured to display at least a portion of the generated card information; and wherein the processor is further configured to dynamically generate from the stored information, a card security code number associated with the card issuer information, and present said dynamically generate number on said display. 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a card issuing authority is operable to receive a payment transaction information, and
wherein the card issuer authority is operable to compute an expected information from at least one of a set of information comprising: an issuer clock time, an issuer transaction sequence count, an issuer card user information, an issuer card account information, a transaction amount, a user credit limit, a user account balance, a merchant facility information, and a transaction information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to approve as authentic, a payment transaction substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the card issuer authority is operable to deny as not authentic, a payment transaction not substantially matching a compared expected information, and wherein the transaction can complete when the card issuer authority approves a transaction. 29. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to update the sequence count based on at least one selected from a set of events comprising:
a user input, a card activation, a card insertion in card-reader, a transaction initiation, a transaction completion, a card-reader transaction acknowledgement, a card generation of information, a number of uses, a remaining number of uses, a number of limited uses, and an information transaction over said interface. | 3,600 |
349,999 | 350,873 | 16,854,846 | 2,859 | An example operation includes one or more of establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion, receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport, establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport, and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. | 1. A method, comprising:
establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion; receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising indicating an optimal speed and position of the first transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising instructing the first transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising:
instructing the first transport to move away from the second transport while the second transport is transferring the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instructing the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establishing a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transferring the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising disconnecting the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports is traveling at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnecting the second wireless connection when the transports are traveling below the threshold speed. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the transferred amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request is initially a test amount to ensure sufficient throughput, wherein the amount of energy is further transferred as long as the sufficiency of the throughput remains. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the energy interfaces on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. 8. A transport in motion, comprising a processor configured to:
establish a first wireless connection with a second transport in motion; receive an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establish a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transfer an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 9. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to indicate an optimal speed and position of the transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transfer of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to instruct the transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transfer of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to instruct the transport to:
move away from the second transport while the second transport transfers the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instruct the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establish a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transfer the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to disconnect the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports travels at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnect the second wireless connection when the transports travel below the threshold speed. 13. The transport of claim 8, wherein the transferred amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request is initially a test amount to ensure sufficient throughput, wherein the amount of energy is further transferred as long as the sufficiency of the throughput remains. 14. The transport of claim 8, wherein at least one of the energy interface on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport to are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion; receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising indicating an optimal speed and position of the first transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising instructing the first transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising:
instructing the first transport to move away from the second transport while the second transport is transferring the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instructing the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establishing a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transferring the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising disconnecting the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports is traveling at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnecting the second wireless connection when the transports are traveling below the threshold speed. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein at least one of the energy interfaces on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. | An example operation includes one or more of establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion, receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport, establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport, and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request.1. A method, comprising:
establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion; receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising indicating an optimal speed and position of the first transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 3. The method of claim 1, comprising instructing the first transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 4. The method of claim 1, comprising:
instructing the first transport to move away from the second transport while the second transport is transferring the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instructing the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establishing a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transferring the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising disconnecting the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports is traveling at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnecting the second wireless connection when the transports are traveling below the threshold speed. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the transferred amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request is initially a test amount to ensure sufficient throughput, wherein the amount of energy is further transferred as long as the sufficiency of the throughput remains. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one of the energy interfaces on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. 8. A transport in motion, comprising a processor configured to:
establish a first wireless connection with a second transport in motion; receive an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establish a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transfer an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 9. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to indicate an optimal speed and position of the transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transfer of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 10. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to instruct the transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transfer of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 11. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to instruct the transport to:
move away from the second transport while the second transport transfers the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instruct the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establish a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transfer the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 12. The transport of claim 8, wherein the processor is configured to disconnect the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports travels at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnect the second wireless connection when the transports travel below the threshold speed. 13. The transport of claim 8, wherein the transferred amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request is initially a test amount to ensure sufficient throughput, wherein the amount of energy is further transferred as long as the sufficiency of the throughput remains. 14. The transport of claim 8, wherein at least one of the energy interface on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport to are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, that when read by a processor, cause the processor to perform:
establishing a first wireless connection between a first transport in motion and a second transport in motion; receiving an energy transfer request over the first wireless connection from the first transport to the second transport; establishing a second wireless connection from an energy interface on the second transport to an energy interface on the first transport; and transferring an amount of energy via the second wireless connection based on the request. 16. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising indicating an optimal speed and position of the first transport and an optimal speed and position of the second transport to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 17. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising instructing the first transport and the second transport to maneuver to another route to provide a maximum efficiency of the transferring of the amount of energy between the energy interfaces based on a current traffic scenario and an estimated traffic scenario for a period of time needed to transfer the amount of energy. 18. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising:
instructing the first transport to move away from the second transport while the second transport is transferring the amount of energy in a less than maximum efficiency; instructing the transport to move toward a third transport in motion; establishing a third wireless connection from an energy interface on the third transport to the energy interface on the first transport; and transferring the amount of energy via the third wireless connection in near maximum efficiency. 19. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, comprising disconnecting the second wireless connection from the energy interface on the second transport when at least one of the transports is traveling at a speed at or above a threshold and reconnecting the second wireless connection when the transports are traveling below the threshold speed. 20. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 15, wherein at least one of the energy interfaces on the first transport and the energy interface on the second transport are configured to move to provide an efficient transfer of the amount of energy. | 2,800 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.