Unnamed: 0 int64 0 350k | level_0 int64 0 351k | ApplicationNumber int64 9.75M 96.1M | ArtUnit int64 1.6k 3.99k | Abstract stringlengths 1 8.37k | Claims stringlengths 3 292k | abstract-claims stringlengths 68 293k | TechCenter int64 1.6k 3.9k |
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349,700 | 350,574 | 16,854,310 | 2,112 | Disclosed is a method for producing a semiconductor device including a circuit board having a flexible resin layer that encapsulates a circuit component. The method may include a step of immersing a flexible substrate in an encapsulant, drying the encapsulant, and thereby encapsulating the circuit component with the encapsulant; and a step of curing the encapsulant, and thereby forming a flexible resin layer. | 1. A resin film comprising a resin composition for forming a flexible resin layer, the resin composition comprising:
(A) an elastomer including a hydrogenated styrene-based elastomer; (B) a polymerizable compound; and (C) a polymerization initiator, wherein the polymerizable compound includes at least one aliphatic (meth)acrylate selected from ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetrapropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3 -propanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate, and ethoxylated 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol di(meth)acrylate. 2. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the (A) elastomer is 50% to 85% by mass with respect to the total amount of the (A) elastomer and the (B) polymerizable compound. 3. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the (A) elastomer is 50% to 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of the (A) elastomer and the (B) polymerizable compound. 4. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the (B) polymerizable compound includes 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate. 5. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a total light transmittance of 80% or higher. 6. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a Yellowness Index of 5.0 or less. 7. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a haze of 5.0% or lower. 8. A laminated film comprising:
a base material film; a resin film according to claim 1 formed on the base material film; and a protective film attached onto the resin film. | Disclosed is a method for producing a semiconductor device including a circuit board having a flexible resin layer that encapsulates a circuit component. The method may include a step of immersing a flexible substrate in an encapsulant, drying the encapsulant, and thereby encapsulating the circuit component with the encapsulant; and a step of curing the encapsulant, and thereby forming a flexible resin layer.1. A resin film comprising a resin composition for forming a flexible resin layer, the resin composition comprising:
(A) an elastomer including a hydrogenated styrene-based elastomer; (B) a polymerizable compound; and (C) a polymerization initiator, wherein the polymerizable compound includes at least one aliphatic (meth)acrylate selected from ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tripropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, tetrapropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, ethoxylated polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, 1,3-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate, neopentyl glycol di(meth)acrylate, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di(meth)acrylate, 2-butyl-2-ethyl-1,3 -propanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate, 1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate, and ethoxylated 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol di(meth)acrylate. 2. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the (A) elastomer is 50% to 85% by mass with respect to the total amount of the (A) elastomer and the (B) polymerizable compound. 3. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the content of the (A) elastomer is 50% to 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of the (A) elastomer and the (B) polymerizable compound. 4. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the (B) polymerizable compound includes 1,9-nonanediol di(meth)acrylate. 5. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a total light transmittance of 80% or higher. 6. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a Yellowness Index of 5.0 or less. 7. The resin film according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible resin layer formed from the resin composition has a haze of 5.0% or lower. 8. A laminated film comprising:
a base material film; a resin film according to claim 1 formed on the base material film; and a protective film attached onto the resin film. | 2,100 |
349,701 | 350,575 | 16,854,299 | 2,112 | A method of preparing a polymer composite includes dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution, dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution, combining the first solution and the second solution, and adding a polymerization initiator to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in the polymer matrix. The method further includes quenching the polymerization reaction and then filtering, washing, grinding, and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation utilizing the polymer composite hydrogel is also provided. | 1. A method of preparing a polymer composite, the method comprising:
dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by:
dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution,
dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution,
combining the first solution and the second solution to form an emulsion having a weight ratio of nanosheet filler to monomer between 1:99 and 1:9, and
adding a polymerization initiator comprising a persulfate to the emulsion to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor solution comprising a polymer composite precursor within an aqueous media, the polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in a polymer matrix of the polymerized monomer;
quenching the polymerization reaction with the addition of a first alcohol to the polymer composite precursor solution; filtering the polymer composite precursor from the aqueous media of the polymer composite precursor solution; washing the polymer composite precursor with one or more of a second alcohol and acetone; grinding the polymer composite precursor to an average particle size of 2 to 500 nm; and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 2. The method of claim 1, where the method further comprises adding a polymerization catalyst to the emulsion in combination with the polymerization initiator. 3. The method of claim 2, where the polymerization initiator comprises APS. 4. The method of claim 2, where the polymerization catalyst comprises tetramethylenediamine. 5. The method of claim 1, where the monomer comprises one or more of acrylamide, acyrlonitrile acid, vinyl alcohol, ethylene terephthalic acid, butylene terephthalic acid, ethylene, isocynates and polyols, and propylene. 6. The method of claim 5, where the monomer comprises acrylamide. 7. The method of claim 1, where the organic solvent is selected from hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, cycloheptane, toluene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. 8. The method of claim 1, where the emulsifier agent comprises polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, sorbitane monostearate, sorbitane monooleate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. 9. The method of claim 1, where the first alcohol and the second alcohol are selected from methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and propanol. 10. The method of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 11. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications, the method comprising:
combining the polymer composite of claim 1 with water to form an aqueous solution having at least 0.5 weight percent polymer composite; adding an organic cross-linker and a salt to the aqueous solution and mixing to form a hydrogel precursor solution; and heating the hydrogel precursor solution to 150 to 175° C. for at least 8 hours to gel the hydrogel precursor solution and form the polymer composite hydrogel. 12. The method of claim 11, where the aqueous solution comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent polymer composite. 13. The method of claim 11, where the salt is a monovalent salt, a divalent salt, or a combination of monovalent and divalent salts. 14. The method of claim 11, where the organic cross-linker is a mixture of hydroquinone and hex amethylenetetramine. 15. The method of claim 11, where the hydrogel precursor solution is heated to 150 to 160° C. for 40 to 56 hours. 16. A method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
injecting a polymer composite hydrogel into one or more water producing fractures in the subterranean formation, the polymer composite hydrogel comprising a nanosheet filler dispersed within a polymer matrix, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride, and the polymer matrix comprises a polymer formed from polymerization of one or more of acrylamide, acyrlonitrile acid, vinyl alcohol, ethylene terephthalic acid, butylene terephthalic acid, ethylene, isocynates and polyols, and propylene. 17. The method of claim 16, where the polymer matrix comprises polyacrylamide. 18. The method of claim 16, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 19. The method of claim 16, where the method further comprises preparing the polymer composite hydrogel by:
combining the polymer composite of claim 1 with water to form an aqueous solution having at least 0.5 weight percent polymer composite; adding an organic cross-linker and a salt to the aqueous solution and mixing to form a hydrogel precursor solution; and heating the hydrogel precursor solution to 150 to 175° C. for at least 8 hours to gel the hydrogel precursor solution and form the polymer composite hydrogel. 20. The method of claim 19, where the aqueous solution comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent polymer composite. | A method of preparing a polymer composite includes dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution, dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution, combining the first solution and the second solution, and adding a polymerization initiator to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in the polymer matrix. The method further includes quenching the polymerization reaction and then filtering, washing, grinding, and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation utilizing the polymer composite hydrogel is also provided.1. A method of preparing a polymer composite, the method comprising:
dispersing a nanosheet filler within a polymer matrix by:
dissolving a monomer in water to form a first solution,
dispersing the nanosheet filler in an organic solvent in the presence of an emulsifying agent to form a second solution,
combining the first solution and the second solution to form an emulsion having a weight ratio of nanosheet filler to monomer between 1:99 and 1:9, and
adding a polymerization initiator comprising a persulfate to the emulsion to initiate a polymerization reaction of the monomer to form a polymer composite precursor solution comprising a polymer composite precursor within an aqueous media, the polymer composite precursor comprising the nanosheet filler dispersed in a polymer matrix of the polymerized monomer;
quenching the polymerization reaction with the addition of a first alcohol to the polymer composite precursor solution; filtering the polymer composite precursor from the aqueous media of the polymer composite precursor solution; washing the polymer composite precursor with one or more of a second alcohol and acetone; grinding the polymer composite precursor to an average particle size of 2 to 500 nm; and drying the polymer composite precursor to form the polymer composite, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 2. The method of claim 1, where the method further comprises adding a polymerization catalyst to the emulsion in combination with the polymerization initiator. 3. The method of claim 2, where the polymerization initiator comprises APS. 4. The method of claim 2, where the polymerization catalyst comprises tetramethylenediamine. 5. The method of claim 1, where the monomer comprises one or more of acrylamide, acyrlonitrile acid, vinyl alcohol, ethylene terephthalic acid, butylene terephthalic acid, ethylene, isocynates and polyols, and propylene. 6. The method of claim 5, where the monomer comprises acrylamide. 7. The method of claim 1, where the organic solvent is selected from hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, cycloheptane, toluene, and 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. 8. The method of claim 1, where the emulsifier agent comprises polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, sorbitane monostearate, sorbitane monooleate, or sodium dodecyl sulfate. 9. The method of claim 1, where the first alcohol and the second alcohol are selected from methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and propanol. 10. The method of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 11. A method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications, the method comprising:
combining the polymer composite of claim 1 with water to form an aqueous solution having at least 0.5 weight percent polymer composite; adding an organic cross-linker and a salt to the aqueous solution and mixing to form a hydrogel precursor solution; and heating the hydrogel precursor solution to 150 to 175° C. for at least 8 hours to gel the hydrogel precursor solution and form the polymer composite hydrogel. 12. The method of claim 11, where the aqueous solution comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent polymer composite. 13. The method of claim 11, where the salt is a monovalent salt, a divalent salt, or a combination of monovalent and divalent salts. 14. The method of claim 11, where the organic cross-linker is a mixture of hydroquinone and hex amethylenetetramine. 15. The method of claim 11, where the hydrogel precursor solution is heated to 150 to 160° C. for 40 to 56 hours. 16. A method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation, the method comprising:
injecting a polymer composite hydrogel into one or more water producing fractures in the subterranean formation, the polymer composite hydrogel comprising a nanosheet filler dispersed within a polymer matrix, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride, and the polymer matrix comprises a polymer formed from polymerization of one or more of acrylamide, acyrlonitrile acid, vinyl alcohol, ethylene terephthalic acid, butylene terephthalic acid, ethylene, isocynates and polyols, and propylene. 17. The method of claim 16, where the polymer matrix comprises polyacrylamide. 18. The method of claim 16, where the nanosheet filler comprises one or more of zirconium hydroxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. 19. The method of claim 16, where the method further comprises preparing the polymer composite hydrogel by:
combining the polymer composite of claim 1 with water to form an aqueous solution having at least 0.5 weight percent polymer composite; adding an organic cross-linker and a salt to the aqueous solution and mixing to form a hydrogel precursor solution; and heating the hydrogel precursor solution to 150 to 175° C. for at least 8 hours to gel the hydrogel precursor solution and form the polymer composite hydrogel. 20. The method of claim 19, where the aqueous solution comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent polymer composite. | 2,100 |
349,702 | 350,576 | 16,854,325 | 3,648 | A transmission line is provided with a fixed physical length and a programmable electrical length for achieving a programmable time delay. The transmission line can include a dielectric and a biasing device disposed across the dielectric, and the biasing device can dynamically and continuously vary an absolute level of a bias voltage across the dielectric to vary a dielectric constant of the dielectric, which can vary a time delay of the transmission line. In some embodiments, the biasing device can modulate the bias voltage from a positive voltage to a negative voltage at a frequency and with waveform characteristics that prevent such modulation from interfering with a signal propagating through the dielectric, that prevent the bias voltage from unintentionally varying the time delay of the transmission line when the absolute level of the bias voltage is constant, and that prevents ion impurities within the dielectric from accumulating on bias electrodes. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A beam former comprising:
a summing node; a plurality of antenna elements; and a plurality of transmission lines, wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines connects the summing node to a respective one of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines has a fixed physical length, and wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines has a programmable and variable electrical length. | A transmission line is provided with a fixed physical length and a programmable electrical length for achieving a programmable time delay. The transmission line can include a dielectric and a biasing device disposed across the dielectric, and the biasing device can dynamically and continuously vary an absolute level of a bias voltage across the dielectric to vary a dielectric constant of the dielectric, which can vary a time delay of the transmission line. In some embodiments, the biasing device can modulate the bias voltage from a positive voltage to a negative voltage at a frequency and with waveform characteristics that prevent such modulation from interfering with a signal propagating through the dielectric, that prevent the bias voltage from unintentionally varying the time delay of the transmission line when the absolute level of the bias voltage is constant, and that prevents ion impurities within the dielectric from accumulating on bias electrodes.1-20. (canceled) 21. A beam former comprising:
a summing node; a plurality of antenna elements; and a plurality of transmission lines, wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines connects the summing node to a respective one of the plurality of antenna elements, wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines has a fixed physical length, and wherein each of the plurality of transmission lines has a programmable and variable electrical length. | 3,600 |
349,703 | 350,577 | 16,854,314 | 3,648 | A blowout presenter (BOP) includes a main body that includes a bore extending through the main body. The BOP also includes a cavity intersecting the bore and a pair of opposing shear rams configured to shear a tubular located in the bore. The opposing shear rams are two duplicate shear rams. | 1. A blowout preventer (BOP) comprising:
a main body comprising a bore extending therethrough and a cavity intersecting the bore; and a pair of opposing shear rams configured to shear a tubular located in the bore, wherein the pair of opposing shear rams are two duplicate shear rams. 2. The BOP of claim 1, wherein the pair of opposing shear rams comprising:
a first shear ram movable toward the bore, wherein the first shear ram comprises a first blade section and a first support section having a portion positioned offset from the first blade section along a lateral axis; and a second shear ram positioned opposite the first shear ram along a longitudinal axis, wherein the second shear ram is movable toward the bore, the second shear ram comprises a second blade section positioned opposite the first support section of the first shear ram along the longitudinal axis, and the second shear ram comprises a second support section positioned opposite the first blade section of the first shear ram along the longitudinal axis. 3. The BOP of claim 2, wherein, in an engaged configuration, a first surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage a second surface of the second support section of the second shear ram, and a third surface of the second blade section of the second shear ram is configured to engage a fourth surface of the first support section of the first shear ram. 4. The BOP of claim 2, wherein, in an engaged configuration, a first inner surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage a second inner surface of the second blade section of the second shear ram. 5. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first support section of the first shear ram comprises a recess adjacent to the portion, wherein the recess is formed to maintain a position of the tubular positioned within the bore of the main body during engagement between the first shear ram and the tubular. 6. The BOP of claim 5, wherein the first support section of the first shear ram comprises a notch extending off the recess to form an edge of the first support section, wherein the edge is configured to facilitate shearing of the tubular during engagement between the first shear ram and the tubular. 7. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section is offset from the first support section along a vertical axis, and the second blade section is offset from the second support section along the vertical axis. 8. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section occupies a first lateral half of the first shear ram, and the second blade section occupies a second lateral half of the second shear ram. 9. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section and the second blade section are curved along the lateral axis. 10. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section and the second blade section extend across an entirety of the bore along the lateral axis to facilitate shearing of the tubular and sealing of the bore. 11. A shear ram for a blowout preventer (BOP), the shear ram comprising:
a main body; a first blade section extending from the main body; a second blade section extending from the main body, wherein the second blade section is offset from the first blade section along a vertical axis to form a space between the first blade section and the second blade section; and a third blade section positioned between the first blade section and the second blade section along the vertical axis, wherein the third blade section is offset from the space along a lateral axis. 12. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the first blade section comprises a first blade surface oriented at a respective acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis such that a first portion of the first blade section extends farther from the main body than a second portion of the first blade section extends from the main body. 13. The shear ram of claim 12, wherein the second blade section comprises a second blade surface oriented at a respective acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis such that a third portion of the second blade section extends farther from the main body than a fourth portion of the second blade section extends from the main body. 14. The shear ram of claim 13, wherein the space is formed between the first portion of the first blade section and the third portion of the second blade section. 15. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein a thickness of the third blade section is substantially equal to a height of the space. 16. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the third blade section comprises a first inner blade surface facing the space, the first blade section comprises a second inner blade surface facing the space, the shear ram comprises a groove formed across the first inner blade surface and the second inner blade surface to a lateral edge of the first blade section, and the groove is configured to receive a seal element. 17. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the third blade section comprises a curved profile. 18. A blowout preventer (BOP), comprising:
a first shear ram; and a second shear ram having a substantially identical profile as the first shear ram, wherein the second shear ram is positioned opposite the first shear ram along a longitudinal axis such that the second shear ram axially opposes the first shear ram, wherein the first shear ram and the second shear ram are translatable toward one another to shear a tubular within a bore of the BOP; wherein each of the first and second shear rams comprises:
a first blade section;
a second blade section offset from the first blade section along a vertical axis to form a space between the first blade section and the second blade section; and
a third blade section positioned between the first blade section and the second blade section, wherein the third blade section is offset from the space along a lateral axis such that, in an engaged configuration, the third blade section of the first shear ram is configured to insert into the space of the second shear ram, and the third blade section of the second shear ram is configured to insert into the space of the first shear ram. 19. The BOP of claim 18, wherein the first blade section of each of the first and second shear rams comprises a blade surface, and, in the engaged configuration, the blade surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage the blade surface of the first blade section of the second shear ram. 20. The BOP of claim 19, wherein each of the first and second shear rams comprises:
a first recess formed into the blade surface of the first blade section; and a second recess formed into the blade surface of the second blade section, wherein the first recess and the second recess of the same blade section are stacked along a vertical axis to facilitate maintaining a position of a drill component extending through the BOP during engagement between the drill component with the first shear ram, the second shear ram, or both. | A blowout presenter (BOP) includes a main body that includes a bore extending through the main body. The BOP also includes a cavity intersecting the bore and a pair of opposing shear rams configured to shear a tubular located in the bore. The opposing shear rams are two duplicate shear rams.1. A blowout preventer (BOP) comprising:
a main body comprising a bore extending therethrough and a cavity intersecting the bore; and a pair of opposing shear rams configured to shear a tubular located in the bore, wherein the pair of opposing shear rams are two duplicate shear rams. 2. The BOP of claim 1, wherein the pair of opposing shear rams comprising:
a first shear ram movable toward the bore, wherein the first shear ram comprises a first blade section and a first support section having a portion positioned offset from the first blade section along a lateral axis; and a second shear ram positioned opposite the first shear ram along a longitudinal axis, wherein the second shear ram is movable toward the bore, the second shear ram comprises a second blade section positioned opposite the first support section of the first shear ram along the longitudinal axis, and the second shear ram comprises a second support section positioned opposite the first blade section of the first shear ram along the longitudinal axis. 3. The BOP of claim 2, wherein, in an engaged configuration, a first surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage a second surface of the second support section of the second shear ram, and a third surface of the second blade section of the second shear ram is configured to engage a fourth surface of the first support section of the first shear ram. 4. The BOP of claim 2, wherein, in an engaged configuration, a first inner surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage a second inner surface of the second blade section of the second shear ram. 5. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first support section of the first shear ram comprises a recess adjacent to the portion, wherein the recess is formed to maintain a position of the tubular positioned within the bore of the main body during engagement between the first shear ram and the tubular. 6. The BOP of claim 5, wherein the first support section of the first shear ram comprises a notch extending off the recess to form an edge of the first support section, wherein the edge is configured to facilitate shearing of the tubular during engagement between the first shear ram and the tubular. 7. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section is offset from the first support section along a vertical axis, and the second blade section is offset from the second support section along the vertical axis. 8. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section occupies a first lateral half of the first shear ram, and the second blade section occupies a second lateral half of the second shear ram. 9. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section and the second blade section are curved along the lateral axis. 10. The BOP of claim 2, wherein the first blade section and the second blade section extend across an entirety of the bore along the lateral axis to facilitate shearing of the tubular and sealing of the bore. 11. A shear ram for a blowout preventer (BOP), the shear ram comprising:
a main body; a first blade section extending from the main body; a second blade section extending from the main body, wherein the second blade section is offset from the first blade section along a vertical axis to form a space between the first blade section and the second blade section; and a third blade section positioned between the first blade section and the second blade section along the vertical axis, wherein the third blade section is offset from the space along a lateral axis. 12. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the first blade section comprises a first blade surface oriented at a respective acute angle relative to a longitudinal axis such that a first portion of the first blade section extends farther from the main body than a second portion of the first blade section extends from the main body. 13. The shear ram of claim 12, wherein the second blade section comprises a second blade surface oriented at a respective acute angle relative to the longitudinal axis such that a third portion of the second blade section extends farther from the main body than a fourth portion of the second blade section extends from the main body. 14. The shear ram of claim 13, wherein the space is formed between the first portion of the first blade section and the third portion of the second blade section. 15. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein a thickness of the third blade section is substantially equal to a height of the space. 16. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the third blade section comprises a first inner blade surface facing the space, the first blade section comprises a second inner blade surface facing the space, the shear ram comprises a groove formed across the first inner blade surface and the second inner blade surface to a lateral edge of the first blade section, and the groove is configured to receive a seal element. 17. The shear ram of claim 11, wherein the third blade section comprises a curved profile. 18. A blowout preventer (BOP), comprising:
a first shear ram; and a second shear ram having a substantially identical profile as the first shear ram, wherein the second shear ram is positioned opposite the first shear ram along a longitudinal axis such that the second shear ram axially opposes the first shear ram, wherein the first shear ram and the second shear ram are translatable toward one another to shear a tubular within a bore of the BOP; wherein each of the first and second shear rams comprises:
a first blade section;
a second blade section offset from the first blade section along a vertical axis to form a space between the first blade section and the second blade section; and
a third blade section positioned between the first blade section and the second blade section, wherein the third blade section is offset from the space along a lateral axis such that, in an engaged configuration, the third blade section of the first shear ram is configured to insert into the space of the second shear ram, and the third blade section of the second shear ram is configured to insert into the space of the first shear ram. 19. The BOP of claim 18, wherein the first blade section of each of the first and second shear rams comprises a blade surface, and, in the engaged configuration, the blade surface of the first blade section of the first shear ram is configured to engage the blade surface of the first blade section of the second shear ram. 20. The BOP of claim 19, wherein each of the first and second shear rams comprises:
a first recess formed into the blade surface of the first blade section; and a second recess formed into the blade surface of the second blade section, wherein the first recess and the second recess of the same blade section are stacked along a vertical axis to facilitate maintaining a position of a drill component extending through the BOP during engagement between the drill component with the first shear ram, the second shear ram, or both. | 3,600 |
349,704 | 350,578 | 16,854,324 | 1,788 | An article comprising a water resistant underlayment portion is provided comprising a first non-woven fabric layer, a film layer, a first bituminous material layer, a second non-woven fabric layer, a woven fabric layer, and a second bituminous material layer. | 1-30. (canceled) 31. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first joining layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material, to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; one or more layers of a coated cloth material, coated on first and second sides, with a bituminous material or coated with at least one of glue or plastic; third and fourth layers of a cloth material; and a second joining layer, disposed between the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 32. The article of claim 31, wherein the first joining layer comprises a film of at least one of glue or plastic to join the first and second layers of the cloth material. 33. The article of claim 32, wherein the second joining layer comprises a film of at least one of glue or plastic to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 34. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of glue. 35. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of asphalt or tar. 36. The article of claim 35, wherein the coating of the asphalt or the tar comprises high-temperature-resistant styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). 37. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on the first and second sides comprises fiberglass mesh. 38. The article of claim 31, further comprising a release layer proximate the fourth cloth layer, the release layer to expose an adhesive to permit coupling of the water resistant underlayment portion to an underlying structure. 39. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first joining layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material, to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; one or more layers of a coated cloth material, coated on first and second sides, with at least one of glue or plastic; third and fourth layers of a cloth material; and a second joining layer, disposed between the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 40. The article of claim 39, wherein the first joining layer and the second joining layer comprise at least one of glue or plastic. 41. The article of claim 40, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of glue. 42. The article of claim 40, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of plastic. 43. The article of claim 39, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on the first and second sides comprises fiberglass mesh. 44. The article of claim 39, further comprising a release layer proximate the fourth cloth layer, the release layer to expose an adhesive to permit coupling of the water resistant underlayment portion to a structure. 45. The article of claim 44, wherein the structure comprises a roof having a pitch. 46. The article of claim 45, wherein the roof comprises a pitch of at least 4-12. 47. The article of claim 46, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion is disposed in a single sheet over the structure. 48. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first film layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material and comprising at least one of glue or plastic, the first film layer to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; and a first layer of a fiberglass mesh material coated on first and second sides with a film of at least one of glue or plastic. 49. The article of claim 48, further comprising third and fourth layers of a cloth material, the third and fourth layers joined via a material comprising at least one of glue or plastic, the third and fourth layers of the cloth material being beneath the first layer of the fiberglass mesh material. 50. The article of claim 49, wherein the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, joined via the material comprising at least one of glue or plastic, form a vapor barrier. 51. The article of claim 50, wherein at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth layers of the cloth material comprise a polyester cloth material. 52. The article of claim 48, further comprising an adhering layer, coupled to the first layer of the fiberglass mesh material to adhere the water resistant underlayment portion to an underlying structure. | An article comprising a water resistant underlayment portion is provided comprising a first non-woven fabric layer, a film layer, a first bituminous material layer, a second non-woven fabric layer, a woven fabric layer, and a second bituminous material layer.1-30. (canceled) 31. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first joining layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material, to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; one or more layers of a coated cloth material, coated on first and second sides, with a bituminous material or coated with at least one of glue or plastic; third and fourth layers of a cloth material; and a second joining layer, disposed between the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 32. The article of claim 31, wherein the first joining layer comprises a film of at least one of glue or plastic to join the first and second layers of the cloth material. 33. The article of claim 32, wherein the second joining layer comprises a film of at least one of glue or plastic to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 34. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of glue. 35. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of asphalt or tar. 36. The article of claim 35, wherein the coating of the asphalt or the tar comprises high-temperature-resistant styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS). 37. The article of claim 31, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on the first and second sides comprises fiberglass mesh. 38. The article of claim 31, further comprising a release layer proximate the fourth cloth layer, the release layer to expose an adhesive to permit coupling of the water resistant underlayment portion to an underlying structure. 39. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first joining layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material, to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; one or more layers of a coated cloth material, coated on first and second sides, with at least one of glue or plastic; third and fourth layers of a cloth material; and a second joining layer, disposed between the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, to join the third and fourth layers of the cloth material. 40. The article of claim 39, wherein the first joining layer and the second joining layer comprise at least one of glue or plastic. 41. The article of claim 40, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of glue. 42. The article of claim 40, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on first and second sides comprises a coating of plastic. 43. The article of claim 39, wherein the first layer of the cloth material coated on the first and second sides comprises fiberglass mesh. 44. The article of claim 39, further comprising a release layer proximate the fourth cloth layer, the release layer to expose an adhesive to permit coupling of the water resistant underlayment portion to a structure. 45. The article of claim 44, wherein the structure comprises a roof having a pitch. 46. The article of claim 45, wherein the roof comprises a pitch of at least 4-12. 47. The article of claim 46, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion is disposed in a single sheet over the structure. 48. An article comprising:
a water resistant underlayment portion, wherein the water resistant underlayment portion consists essentially of: first and second layers of a cloth material; a first film layer, disposed between the first and second layers of the cloth material and comprising at least one of glue or plastic, the first film layer to join the first and second layers of the cloth material; and a first layer of a fiberglass mesh material coated on first and second sides with a film of at least one of glue or plastic. 49. The article of claim 48, further comprising third and fourth layers of a cloth material, the third and fourth layers joined via a material comprising at least one of glue or plastic, the third and fourth layers of the cloth material being beneath the first layer of the fiberglass mesh material. 50. The article of claim 49, wherein the third and fourth layers of the cloth material, joined via the material comprising at least one of glue or plastic, form a vapor barrier. 51. The article of claim 50, wherein at least one of the first, second, third, and fourth layers of the cloth material comprise a polyester cloth material. 52. The article of claim 48, further comprising an adhering layer, coupled to the first layer of the fiberglass mesh material to adhere the water resistant underlayment portion to an underlying structure. | 1,700 |
349,705 | 350,579 | 16,854,302 | 1,788 | According to certain embodiments, a system includes one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components to perform operations including executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core, registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance, determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state, wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state, halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance, and recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. | 1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores, including a bootstrap core;
registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance;
determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state;
wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 8. A method, comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause performance of operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core; and branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. | According to certain embodiments, a system includes one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components to perform operations including executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core, registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance, determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state, wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state, halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance, and recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt.1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores, including a bootstrap core;
registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance;
determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state;
wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 8. A method, comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause performance of operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core; and branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. | 1,700 |
349,706 | 350,580 | 16,854,312 | 3,672 | According to certain embodiments, a system includes one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components to perform operations including executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core, registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance, determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state, wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state, halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance, and recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. | 1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores, including a bootstrap core;
registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance;
determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state;
wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 8. A method, comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause performance of operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core; and branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. | According to certain embodiments, a system includes one or more processors and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components to perform operations including executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core, registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance, determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state, wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state, halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance, and recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt.1. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause one or more components of the system to perform operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores, including a bootstrap core;
registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance;
determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state;
wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 4. The system of claim 3, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 6. The system of claim 5, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 7. The system of claim 1, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 8. A method, comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the recovery sequence further comprises:
branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. 15. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause performance of operations comprising:
executing a software process of a secondary instance, the secondary instance running in parallel with a primary instance and associated with a plurality of cores including a bootstrap core; registering a non-maskable interrupt for the bootstrap core in the secondary instance; determining whether the secondary instance is in a fault state; wherein, if the secondary instance is in the fault state,
halting the plurality of cores associated with the secondary instance, without impact to the primary instance; and
recovering the bootstrap core by switching a context of the bootstrap core from the secondary instance to the primary instance via the non-maskable interrupt. 16. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, wherein a Central Processing Unit (CPU) hotplug is issued by the primary instance based on the determination that the secondary instance is in the fault state. 17. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 16, wherein the CPU hotplug delivers the registered non-maskable interrupt to the bootstrap core. 18. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 17, wherein the non-maskable interrupt initiates a recovery sequence comprising:
writing a real mode trampoline page directory table address associated with the primary instance to a control register of the bootstrap core; and branching execution of the bootstrap core to a real mode machine start address of the primary instance. 19. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 18, wherein the real mode trampoline page directory table address and the real mode machine start address associated with the primary instance are retrieved from a memory location shared between the primary instance and the secondary instance that is mapped into an address space of the secondary instance. 20. The one or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media of claim 15, the operations further comprising:
recovering remaining cores of the plurality of cores after recovery of the bootstrap core. | 3,600 |
349,707 | 350,581 | 16,854,322 | 3,672 | Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. | 1. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to:
obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and
estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. 2. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor part is disposed on an inner side of the first main body which is not exposed outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 3. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to obtain the contact image when the object gradually changes contact pressure exerted to the first image sensor while the object is in contact with the first image sensor. 4. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a display part which includes a first display and a second display that are disposed on an inner side of the first main body and an inner side of the second main body, respectively, wherein the first display and the second display are not exposed to outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 5. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the first display and the second display are integrally formed to be foldable. 6. The foldable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to output the image of the marker to the second display of the second main body. 7. The foldable electronic device of claim 6, wherein the second image sensor is further configured to obtain the image of the marker which is output to the second display while the second main body rotates to press the object which is in contact with the first image sensor. 8. The foldable electronic device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain contact pressure that is exerted by the object to the first image sensor, based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time. 9. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to output a processing result to the display part. 10. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation result to the first display, and output information, used in estimating the bio-information, to the second display. 11. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation history to the second display, and in response to a user input for selecting an estimation history of a specific time, output a bio-information estimation result of the specific time to the first display. 12. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image, and obtain contact pressure between the object and the first image sensor based on the image of the marker. 13. The foldable electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate the bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 14. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises at least one of blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, vascular compliance, stress index, and fatigue level. 15. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a contact image of an object; a display disposed at the main body part, and configured to obtain touch data while the object which is in contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 16. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object, obtain contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data, and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 17. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 18. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein by using a predetermined contact pressure conversion model, the processor is further configured to convert a change in a statistic value of pixel intensities, which are obtained during a predetermined period of time in a predetermined area of the display, or the statistic value of the pixel intensities at a random time, into the contact pressure. 19. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain information of an angle formed between the first main body and the second main body while obtaining the contact image of the object, and estimate the bio-information based on the contact image, the touch data, and the information of the angle. 20. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; a first image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a first contact image from a first object; a second image sensor disposed at the second main body and configured to obtain a second contact image from a second object; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the first contact image and the second contact image. 21. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are disposed on an outer side of the first main body and an outer side of the second main body, respectively, and the first image sensor and the second image sensor are exposed to outside of the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 22. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are different portions of a palm of user,
wherein when the main body part is unfolded and placed on the palm, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image from the first object and the second object, respectively. 23. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are fingers of different hands of a user,
wherein when the first object and the second object come into contact with each other while the main body part is unfolded and placed on a palm of the user, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 24. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a first pulse wave signal and a second pulse wave signal based on the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 25. The foldable electronic device of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain characteristic points, which correspond to each other, from each of the first pulse wave signal and the second pulse wave signal, calculate a Pulse Transit Time (PTT) based on a time difference between the obtained characteristic points, and estimate bio-information based on the calculated PTT. 26. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using a first image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; obtaining an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body by using a second image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the image of the marker. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising outputting the image of the marker to a display disposed on the second main body of the main body part. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the obtaining the image of the marker comprises, by using the second image sensor, obtaining the image of the marker which is output to the display while the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the first image sensor. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time; and estimating the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 30. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using an image sensor disposed at the first main body; obtaining touch data when the object comes into contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor, by using a display disposed on the first main body; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data; and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. | Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker.1. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to:
obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and
estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. 2. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor part is disposed on an inner side of the first main body which is not exposed outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 3. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to obtain the contact image when the object gradually changes contact pressure exerted to the first image sensor while the object is in contact with the first image sensor. 4. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a display part which includes a first display and a second display that are disposed on an inner side of the first main body and an inner side of the second main body, respectively, wherein the first display and the second display are not exposed to outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 5. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the first display and the second display are integrally formed to be foldable. 6. The foldable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to output the image of the marker to the second display of the second main body. 7. The foldable electronic device of claim 6, wherein the second image sensor is further configured to obtain the image of the marker which is output to the second display while the second main body rotates to press the object which is in contact with the first image sensor. 8. The foldable electronic device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain contact pressure that is exerted by the object to the first image sensor, based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time. 9. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to output a processing result to the display part. 10. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation result to the first display, and output information, used in estimating the bio-information, to the second display. 11. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation history to the second display, and in response to a user input for selecting an estimation history of a specific time, output a bio-information estimation result of the specific time to the first display. 12. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image, and obtain contact pressure between the object and the first image sensor based on the image of the marker. 13. The foldable electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate the bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 14. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises at least one of blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, vascular compliance, stress index, and fatigue level. 15. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a contact image of an object; a display disposed at the main body part, and configured to obtain touch data while the object which is in contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 16. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object, obtain contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data, and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 17. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 18. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein by using a predetermined contact pressure conversion model, the processor is further configured to convert a change in a statistic value of pixel intensities, which are obtained during a predetermined period of time in a predetermined area of the display, or the statistic value of the pixel intensities at a random time, into the contact pressure. 19. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain information of an angle formed between the first main body and the second main body while obtaining the contact image of the object, and estimate the bio-information based on the contact image, the touch data, and the information of the angle. 20. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; a first image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a first contact image from a first object; a second image sensor disposed at the second main body and configured to obtain a second contact image from a second object; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the first contact image and the second contact image. 21. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are disposed on an outer side of the first main body and an outer side of the second main body, respectively, and the first image sensor and the second image sensor are exposed to outside of the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 22. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are different portions of a palm of user,
wherein when the main body part is unfolded and placed on the palm, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image from the first object and the second object, respectively. 23. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are fingers of different hands of a user,
wherein when the first object and the second object come into contact with each other while the main body part is unfolded and placed on a palm of the user, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 24. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a first pulse wave signal and a second pulse wave signal based on the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 25. The foldable electronic device of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain characteristic points, which correspond to each other, from each of the first pulse wave signal and the second pulse wave signal, calculate a Pulse Transit Time (PTT) based on a time difference between the obtained characteristic points, and estimate bio-information based on the calculated PTT. 26. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using a first image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; obtaining an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body by using a second image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the image of the marker. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising outputting the image of the marker to a display disposed on the second main body of the main body part. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the obtaining the image of the marker comprises, by using the second image sensor, obtaining the image of the marker which is output to the display while the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the first image sensor. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time; and estimating the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 30. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using an image sensor disposed at the first main body; obtaining touch data when the object comes into contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor, by using a display disposed on the first main body; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data; and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. | 3,600 |
349,708 | 350,582 | 16,854,341 | 3,672 | Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. | 1. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to:
obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and
estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. 2. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor part is disposed on an inner side of the first main body which is not exposed outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 3. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to obtain the contact image when the object gradually changes contact pressure exerted to the first image sensor while the object is in contact with the first image sensor. 4. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a display part which includes a first display and a second display that are disposed on an inner side of the first main body and an inner side of the second main body, respectively, wherein the first display and the second display are not exposed to outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 5. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the first display and the second display are integrally formed to be foldable. 6. The foldable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to output the image of the marker to the second display of the second main body. 7. The foldable electronic device of claim 6, wherein the second image sensor is further configured to obtain the image of the marker which is output to the second display while the second main body rotates to press the object which is in contact with the first image sensor. 8. The foldable electronic device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain contact pressure that is exerted by the object to the first image sensor, based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time. 9. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to output a processing result to the display part. 10. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation result to the first display, and output information, used in estimating the bio-information, to the second display. 11. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation history to the second display, and in response to a user input for selecting an estimation history of a specific time, output a bio-information estimation result of the specific time to the first display. 12. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image, and obtain contact pressure between the object and the first image sensor based on the image of the marker. 13. The foldable electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate the bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 14. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises at least one of blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, vascular compliance, stress index, and fatigue level. 15. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a contact image of an object; a display disposed at the main body part, and configured to obtain touch data while the object which is in contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 16. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object, obtain contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data, and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 17. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 18. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein by using a predetermined contact pressure conversion model, the processor is further configured to convert a change in a statistic value of pixel intensities, which are obtained during a predetermined period of time in a predetermined area of the display, or the statistic value of the pixel intensities at a random time, into the contact pressure. 19. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain information of an angle formed between the first main body and the second main body while obtaining the contact image of the object, and estimate the bio-information based on the contact image, the touch data, and the information of the angle. 20. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; a first image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a first contact image from a first object; a second image sensor disposed at the second main body and configured to obtain a second contact image from a second object; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the first contact image and the second contact image. 21. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are disposed on an outer side of the first main body and an outer side of the second main body, respectively, and the first image sensor and the second image sensor are exposed to outside of the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 22. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are different portions of a palm of user,
wherein when the main body part is unfolded and placed on the palm, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image from the first object and the second object, respectively. 23. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are fingers of different hands of a user,
wherein when the first object and the second object come into contact with each other while the main body part is unfolded and placed on a palm of the user, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 24. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a first pulse wave signal and a second pulse wave signal based on the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 25. The foldable electronic device of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain characteristic points, which correspond to each other, from each of the first pulse wave signal and the second pulse wave signal, calculate a Pulse Transit Time (PTT) based on a time difference between the obtained characteristic points, and estimate bio-information based on the calculated PTT. 26. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using a first image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; obtaining an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body by using a second image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the image of the marker. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising outputting the image of the marker to a display disposed on the second main body of the main body part. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the obtaining the image of the marker comprises, by using the second image sensor, obtaining the image of the marker which is output to the display while the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the first image sensor. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time; and estimating the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 30. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using an image sensor disposed at the first main body; obtaining touch data when the object comes into contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor, by using a display disposed on the first main body; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data; and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. | Provided are foldable electronic device and method for estimating bio-information by using the same. The foldable electronic device may include: a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker.1. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor part including a first image sensor and a second image sensor which are disposed at the first main body; and a processor configured to:
obtain a contact image of an object from the first image sensor disposed at the first main body and obtain an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body, from the second image sensor disposed at the first main body, when the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the main body part is folded along the fold line, and
estimate bio-information based on the contact image of the object and the image of the marker. 2. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the image sensor part is disposed on an inner side of the first main body which is not exposed outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 3. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the first image sensor is configured to obtain the contact image when the object gradually changes contact pressure exerted to the first image sensor while the object is in contact with the first image sensor. 4. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, further comprising a display part which includes a first display and a second display that are disposed on an inner side of the first main body and an inner side of the second main body, respectively, wherein the first display and the second display are not exposed to outside the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 5. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the first display and the second display are integrally formed to be foldable. 6. The foldable electronic device of claim 5, wherein the processor is further configured to output the image of the marker to the second display of the second main body. 7. The foldable electronic device of claim 6, wherein the second image sensor is further configured to obtain the image of the marker which is output to the second display while the second main body rotates to press the object which is in contact with the first image sensor. 8. The foldable electronic device of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain contact pressure that is exerted by the object to the first image sensor, based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time. 9. The foldable electronic device of claim 4, wherein the processor is further configured to output a processing result to the display part. 10. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation result to the first display, and output information, used in estimating the bio-information, to the second display. 11. The foldable electronic device of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:
output a bio-information estimation history to the second display, and in response to a user input for selecting an estimation history of a specific time, output a bio-information estimation result of the specific time to the first display. 12. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image, and obtain contact pressure between the object and the first image sensor based on the image of the marker. 13. The foldable electronic device of claim 12, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate the bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 14. The foldable electronic device of claim 1, wherein the bio-information comprises at least one of blood pressure, vascular age, arterial stiffness, aortic pressure waveform, vascular compliance, stress index, and fatigue level. 15. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; an image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a contact image of an object; a display disposed at the main body part, and configured to obtain touch data while the object which is in contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 16. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object, obtain contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data, and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 17. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein the processor is further configured to:
obtain an oscillometric envelope, which represents an amplitude of the pulse wave signal versus the contact pressure, and estimate bio-information based on the oscillometric envelope. 18. The foldable electronic device of claim 16, wherein by using a predetermined contact pressure conversion model, the processor is further configured to convert a change in a statistic value of pixel intensities, which are obtained during a predetermined period of time in a predetermined area of the display, or the statistic value of the pixel intensities at a random time, into the contact pressure. 19. The foldable electronic device of claim 15, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain information of an angle formed between the first main body and the second main body while obtaining the contact image of the object, and estimate the bio-information based on the contact image, the touch data, and the information of the angle. 20. A foldable electronic device comprising:
a main body part including a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet; a first image sensor disposed at the first main body and configured to obtain a first contact image from a first object; a second image sensor disposed at the second main body and configured to obtain a second contact image from a second object; and a processor configured to estimate bio-information based on the first contact image and the second contact image. 21. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first image sensor and the second image sensor are disposed on an outer side of the first main body and an outer side of the second main body, respectively, and the first image sensor and the second image sensor are exposed to outside of the foldable electronic device when the main body part is folded. 22. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are different portions of a palm of user,
wherein when the main body part is unfolded and placed on the palm, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image from the first object and the second object, respectively. 23. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the first object and the second object are fingers of different hands of a user,
wherein when the first object and the second object come into contact with each other while the main body part is unfolded and placed on a palm of the user, the first image sensor and the second image sensor are configured to obtain the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 24. The foldable electronic device of claim 20, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain a first pulse wave signal and a second pulse wave signal based on the first contact image and the second contact image, respectively. 25. The foldable electronic device of claim 24, wherein the processor is further configured to obtain characteristic points, which correspond to each other, from each of the first pulse wave signal and the second pulse wave signal, calculate a Pulse Transit Time (PTT) based on a time difference between the obtained characteristic points, and estimate bio-information based on the calculated PTT. 26. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using a first image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; obtaining an image of a marker that is displayed on the second main body by using a second image sensor disposed at the first main body when the object is in contact with the first image sensor, and the main body part is folded along the fold line; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the image of the marker. 27. The method of claim 26, further comprising outputting the image of the marker to a display disposed on the second main body of the main body part. 28. The method of claim 27, wherein the obtaining the image of the marker comprises, by using the second image sensor, obtaining the image of the marker which is output to the display while the object is in contact with the first image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the first image sensor. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure based on a size change of the marker while the second main body rotates to press the object, or based on a size of the marker at a random time; and estimating the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. 30. A method of estimating bio-information by using a foldable electronic device that comprises a main body part, the main body part comprising a first main body and a second main body that are configured to be folded toward each other or unfolded from each other along a fold line where the first main body and the second main body meet, the method comprising:
obtaining a contact image of an object by using an image sensor disposed at the first main body; obtaining touch data when the object comes into contact with the image sensor and the second main body rotates to press the object against the image sensor, by using a display disposed on the first main body; and estimating the bio-information based on the contact image and the touch data. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the estimating the bio-information comprises:
obtaining a pulse wave signal based on the contact image of the object; obtaining contact pressure between the object and the image sensor based on the touch data; and estimate the bio-information based on the pulse wave signal and the contact pressure. | 3,600 |
349,709 | 350,583 | 16,854,313 | 3,672 | A 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip is described. The 3D IC chip includes a die having a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device. The compound semiconductor HEMT active device is composed of compound semiconductor layers on a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. The 3D IC chip also includes an acoustic device integrated in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. The 3D IC chip further includes a passive device integrated in back-end-of-line layers of the die on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. | 1. A 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip, comprising:
a die including a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device comprising compound semiconductor layers on a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; an acoustic device integrated in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and a passive device integrated in back-end-of-line layers of the die on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 2. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the compound semiconductor layers comprise gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layers. 3. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer comprises a single crystal (X) aluminum nitride (X-AlN) layer. 4. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the acoustic device comprises a bulk acoustic wave (X-BAW) filter. 5. The 3D IC chip of claim 4, further comprising:
an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and a reflector in the interlayer dielectric and coupled to the X-BAW filter. 6. The 3D IC chip of claim 5, further comprising an air cavity in the interlayer dielectric and surrounding a portion of the reflector and the X-BAW filter. 7. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, further comprising:
an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and a substrate coupled to the interlayer dielectric, being distal from the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 8. The 3D IC chip of claim 7, further comprising a bond layer between the substrate and the interlayer dielectric. 9. The 3D IC chip of claim 7, in which the substrate comprises alumina (Al2O3). 10. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the compound semiconductor HEMT active device comprises a heterogeneous wideband HEMT power amplifier (PA). 11. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the passive device comprises a capacitor coupled to an inductor. 12. The 3D IC chip of claim 11, in which the capacitor comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor and the inductor comprises redistribution layers of the back-end-of-line layers. 13. A method of making a 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip, comprising:
epitaxially growing a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate; epitaxially growing compound semiconductor layers on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; fabricating a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device from the compound semiconductor layers on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer on the semiconductor substrate; integrating an acoustic device in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and fabricating a passive device in back-end-of-line layers of the 3D IC chip on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 14. The method of claim 13, in which epitaxially growing the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer comprises growing a single crystal (X) aluminum nitride (X-AlN) layer on the semiconductor substrate. 15. The method of claim 14, in which epitaxially growing the compound semiconductor layers comprises growing gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layers on the X-AlN layer. 16. The method of claim 13, in which fabricating the passive device comprises:
depositing a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric layer to form a metal insulator metal (MIM) capacitor in a first back-end-of-line (BEOL) interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer on a backside surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; depositing a redistribution layer on the first BEOL ILD layer to form an inductor; and interconnecting the MIM capacitor and the inductor to form the passive device. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the semiconductor substrate to expose a backside surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and bonding a thermally conductive substrate to an interlayer dielectric on a front side surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device. 18. The method of claim 13, in which integrating the acoustic device comprises forming a bulk acoustic wave (X-BAW) filter in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
depositing an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and forming a reflector in the interlayer dielectric and coupled to the X-BAW filter. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming an air cavity in the interlayer dielectric and surrounding a portion of the reflector and the X-BAW filter. | A 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip is described. The 3D IC chip includes a die having a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device. The compound semiconductor HEMT active device is composed of compound semiconductor layers on a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. The 3D IC chip also includes an acoustic device integrated in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. The 3D IC chip further includes a passive device integrated in back-end-of-line layers of the die on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer.1. A 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip, comprising:
a die including a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device comprising compound semiconductor layers on a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; an acoustic device integrated in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and a passive device integrated in back-end-of-line layers of the die on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 2. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the compound semiconductor layers comprise gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layers. 3. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer comprises a single crystal (X) aluminum nitride (X-AlN) layer. 4. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the acoustic device comprises a bulk acoustic wave (X-BAW) filter. 5. The 3D IC chip of claim 4, further comprising:
an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and a reflector in the interlayer dielectric and coupled to the X-BAW filter. 6. The 3D IC chip of claim 5, further comprising an air cavity in the interlayer dielectric and surrounding a portion of the reflector and the X-BAW filter. 7. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, further comprising:
an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and a substrate coupled to the interlayer dielectric, being distal from the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 8. The 3D IC chip of claim 7, further comprising a bond layer between the substrate and the interlayer dielectric. 9. The 3D IC chip of claim 7, in which the substrate comprises alumina (Al2O3). 10. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the compound semiconductor HEMT active device comprises a heterogeneous wideband HEMT power amplifier (PA). 11. The 3D IC chip of claim 1, in which the passive device comprises a capacitor coupled to an inductor. 12. The 3D IC chip of claim 11, in which the capacitor comprises a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor and the inductor comprises redistribution layers of the back-end-of-line layers. 13. A method of making a 3D integrated circuit (3D IC) chip, comprising:
epitaxially growing a single crystal, compound semiconductor layer on a semiconductor substrate; epitaxially growing compound semiconductor layers on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; fabricating a compound semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) active device from the compound semiconductor layers on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer on the semiconductor substrate; integrating an acoustic device in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and fabricating a passive device in back-end-of-line layers of the 3D IC chip on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 14. The method of claim 13, in which epitaxially growing the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer comprises growing a single crystal (X) aluminum nitride (X-AlN) layer on the semiconductor substrate. 15. The method of claim 14, in which epitaxially growing the compound semiconductor layers comprises growing gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) layers on the X-AlN layer. 16. The method of claim 13, in which fabricating the passive device comprises:
depositing a first electrode and a second electrode separated by a dielectric layer to form a metal insulator metal (MIM) capacitor in a first back-end-of-line (BEOL) interlayer dielectric (ILD) layer on a backside surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; depositing a redistribution layer on the first BEOL ILD layer to form an inductor; and interconnecting the MIM capacitor and the inductor to form the passive device. 17. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
removing the semiconductor substrate to expose a backside surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer; and bonding a thermally conductive substrate to an interlayer dielectric on a front side surface of the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device. 18. The method of claim 13, in which integrating the acoustic device comprises forming a bulk acoustic wave (X-BAW) filter in the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer. 19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
depositing an interlayer dielectric on the single crystal, compound semiconductor layer and on the compound semiconductor HEMT active device; and forming a reflector in the interlayer dielectric and coupled to the X-BAW filter. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising forming an air cavity in the interlayer dielectric and surrounding a portion of the reflector and the X-BAW filter. | 3,600 |
349,710 | 350,584 | 16,854,319 | 3,672 | A wireless device triggers transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell. Aa configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) is stopped. The transmission comprises a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. | 1. A method comprising:
triggering, by a wireless device, transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and stopping a configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising triggering transmission of a second SR based on triggering a second BFR of a second secondary cell. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting the second SR. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transmitting the second SR is based on the triggering of the second BFR occurring after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the BFR MAC CE does not comprise information of the second BFR triggered after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising continuing the second BFR. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the transmitting the second SR is based on the continuing the second BFR. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stopping the configured transmission of the SR comprises completing the BFR of the secondary cell. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises that the BFR MAC CE comprises a first field indicating a first cell index of the secondary cell with the BFR. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises the BFR MAC CE comprising a second field indicating a candidate reference signal index indicating a candidate reference signal for the secondary cell with the BFR. 11. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
trigger transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and
stop a configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to trigger transmission of a second SR based on triggering a second BFR of a second secondary cell. 13. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the second SR. 14. The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the transmission of the second SR is based on the triggering of the second BFR occurring after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the BFR MAC CE does not comprise information of the second BFR triggered after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 16. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to continue the second BFR. 17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the transmission of the second SR is based on the continuation of the second BFR. 18. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the stopping of the configured transmission of the SR comprises completing the BFR of the secondary cell. 19. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises the BFR MAC CE comprising a first field indicating a first cell index of the secondary cell with the BFR. 20. A system comprising:
a base station; and a wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive, from the base station, one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more resources for a configured transmission of a scheduling request (SR);
trigger transmission of the SR based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and
stop the configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. | A wireless device triggers transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell. Aa configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) is stopped. The transmission comprises a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU.1. A method comprising:
triggering, by a wireless device, transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and stopping a configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising triggering transmission of a second SR based on triggering a second BFR of a second secondary cell. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising transmitting the second SR. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the transmitting the second SR is based on the triggering of the second BFR occurring after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the BFR MAC CE does not comprise information of the second BFR triggered after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising continuing the second BFR. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the transmitting the second SR is based on the continuing the second BFR. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the stopping the configured transmission of the SR comprises completing the BFR of the secondary cell. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises that the BFR MAC CE comprises a first field indicating a first cell index of the secondary cell with the BFR. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises the BFR MAC CE comprising a second field indicating a candidate reference signal index indicating a candidate reference signal for the secondary cell with the BFR. 11. A wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
trigger transmission of a scheduling request (SR) based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and
stop a configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. 12. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to trigger transmission of a second SR based on triggering a second BFR of a second secondary cell. 13. The wireless device of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to transmit the second SR. 14. The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the transmission of the second SR is based on the triggering of the second BFR occurring after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 15. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein the BFR MAC CE does not comprise information of the second BFR triggered after the assembling of the MAC PDU. 16. The wireless device of claim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the wireless device to continue the second BFR. 17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein the transmission of the second SR is based on the continuation of the second BFR. 18. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the stopping of the configured transmission of the SR comprises completing the BFR of the secondary cell. 19. The wireless device of claim 11, wherein the BFR MAC CE comprising the information of the BFR comprises the BFR MAC CE comprising a first field indicating a first cell index of the secondary cell with the BFR. 20. A system comprising:
a base station; and a wireless device comprising:
one or more processors; and
memory storing instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the wireless device to:
receive, from the base station, one or more configuration parameters indicating one or more resources for a configured transmission of a scheduling request (SR);
trigger transmission of the SR based on triggering a beam failure recovery (BFR) of a secondary cell; and
stop the configured transmission of the SR based on transmitting a medium access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) comprising a BFR medium access control control element (BFR MAC CE) comprising information of the BFR triggered prior to assembling of the MAC PDU. | 3,600 |
349,711 | 350,585 | 16,854,349 | 1,655 | A method of treating an inflammatory condition with a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition. Improvement is monitored as a reduction in the levels of a biochemical marker such as homocysteine or C-reactive protein. The composition may be administered in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in the level of the biochemical marker. | 1. A method of treating an Inflammatory condition in a human subject, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject, monitoring improvement in the subject according to a reduction in the subject's homocysteine levels, and continuing said administering in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in homocysteine level of at least 7.5%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 5.4 to 10.8 mg of total polyphenols daily. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring includes monitoring the subject's plasma or saliva homocysteine level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 12.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 7. The method of claim 1, for use in treating rheumatoid arthritis, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 15% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 8. The method of claim 7, for use in treating rheumatoid arthritis, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 20% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 9. The method of claim 1, for use in treating a vascular-disease inflammatory condition, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 20% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 10. A method for reducing homocysteine plasma levels in a subject at risk of an inflammatory disease associated with elevated homocysteine levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject in an amount and for a period effective to reduce plasma homocysteine levels to within a normal range of homocysteine. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 7.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 14. A method for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a patient having elevated plasma homocysteine levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject at a dose and for a period effective to reduce patient plasma homocysteine to within a normal range of homocysteine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 7.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 18. A method for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a subject having elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject at a dose and for a period effective to reduce patient CRP levels to within a normal range. 19. A method of identifying, from a population of human subjects having an elevated plasma homocysteine level related to an inflammatory condition, those responsive subjects who will show the greatest response to treatment by oral administration of a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition, comprising
administering the hydroxytyrosol-rich composition at a dose and for a period effective to substantially lower the plasma homocysteine level in a responsive subject, monitoring the subject's homocysteine level, and identifying the subject as a responsive subject if the subject's homocysteine level has decreased to within a normal range. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said monitoring includes monitoring the subject's plasma or saliva homocysteine level. 21. A method of treating an inflammatory condition in a human subject, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject, monitoring improvement in the subject according to a reduction in the subject's C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and continuing said administering in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in CRP level of at least 50%. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 5.4 to 10.8 mg of total polyphenols daily. 24. The method of claim 22 wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein said decrease in CRP level is at least about 75% relative to pre-treatment level. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein said inflammatory condition is rheumatoid arthritis. | A method of treating an inflammatory condition with a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition. Improvement is monitored as a reduction in the levels of a biochemical marker such as homocysteine or C-reactive protein. The composition may be administered in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in the level of the biochemical marker.1. A method of treating an Inflammatory condition in a human subject, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject, monitoring improvement in the subject according to a reduction in the subject's homocysteine levels, and continuing said administering in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in homocysteine level of at least 7.5%. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 5.4 to 10.8 mg of total polyphenols daily. 4. The method of claim 2 wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said monitoring includes monitoring the subject's plasma or saliva homocysteine level. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 12.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 7. The method of claim 1, for use in treating rheumatoid arthritis, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 15% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 8. The method of claim 7, for use in treating rheumatoid arthritis, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 20% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 9. The method of claim 1, for use in treating a vascular-disease inflammatory condition, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 20% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 10. A method for reducing homocysteine plasma levels in a subject at risk of an inflammatory disease associated with elevated homocysteine levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject in an amount and for a period effective to reduce plasma homocysteine levels to within a normal range of homocysteine. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 7.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 14. A method for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a patient having elevated plasma homocysteine levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject at a dose and for a period effective to reduce patient plasma homocysteine to within a normal range of homocysteine. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 16. The method of claim 14, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 17. The method of claim 14, wherein said administering is continued until a decrease in homocysteine of at least about 7.5% relative to pre-treatment level is achieved. 18. A method for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease in a subject having elevated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject at a dose and for a period effective to reduce patient CRP levels to within a normal range. 19. A method of identifying, from a population of human subjects having an elevated plasma homocysteine level related to an inflammatory condition, those responsive subjects who will show the greatest response to treatment by oral administration of a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition, comprising
administering the hydroxytyrosol-rich composition at a dose and for a period effective to substantially lower the plasma homocysteine level in a responsive subject, monitoring the subject's homocysteine level, and identifying the subject as a responsive subject if the subject's homocysteine level has decreased to within a normal range. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein said monitoring includes monitoring the subject's plasma or saliva homocysteine level. 21. A method of treating an inflammatory condition in a human subject, comprising:
administering a hydroxytyrosol-rich composition to the subject, monitoring improvement in the subject according to a reduction in the subject's C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and continuing said administering in an amount and for a period sufficient to effect a drop in CRP level of at least 50%. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein said hydroxytyrosol-rich composition has a weight ratio of hydroxytyrosol to oleuropein between about 10:1 and about 100:1. 23. The method of claim 22, wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 5.4 to 10.8 mg of total polyphenols daily. 24. The method of claim 22 wherein said administering comprises oral administration, at a dosage effective to deliver between about 2.5 to 5 mg of hydroxytyrosol daily. 25. The method of claim 22, wherein said decrease in CRP level is at least about 75% relative to pre-treatment level. 26. The method of claim 22, wherein said inflammatory condition is rheumatoid arthritis. | 1,600 |
349,712 | 350,586 | 16,854,317 | 1,655 | A training device for performing a training kick includes a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface. The device further includes a ball, a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot, a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot, a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position, and a resistance band coupled to the base and operable to bias the ball holder toward the first position. | 1. A training device for performing a training kick, the device comprising:
a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface and having a front side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side, the left and right sides defining a side-to-side direction; a ball; a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot; a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot; a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position; and a resistance band coupled to the base and operable to bias the ball holder toward the first position. 2. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first slot is narrower than the second slot such that the ball holder assembly pivots at the first slot in the side-to-side direction. 3. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and the second guide are integrally formed as a single component. 4. The training device of claim 1, wherein the base includes a ramp at the front side and wherein the first guide is positioned at a height below the top of the ramp. 5. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a sliding gauge mounted to the second guide and configured to slide relative to the second guide and indicate a maximum horizontal movement of the ball relative to the base. 6. The training device of claim 5, wherein the sliding gauge abuts the rear frame during the kicking action, and wherein the sliding gauge is spaced apart from the rear frame after the kicking action in response to the bias of the resistance band. 7. The training device of claim 5, further comprising a template configured to indicate a relative position of the sliding gauge relative to the second guide. 8. The training device of claim 1, wherein the second guide is configured to move relative to the base to indicate a direction of the kicking action in the side-to-side direction. 9. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and the second guide have rectangular cross-sections. 10. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and second guide have circular cross-sections. 11. The training device of claim 1, wherein the resistance band is a first resistance band, the training device further comprising a second resistance band selectively mounted to the base to increase the bias. 12. The training device of claim 1, wherein the ball is positioned above the front frame in the first position. 13. The training device of claim 12, wherein the ball is positioned between the front frame and the rear frame in the second position. 14. The training device of claim 1, wherein the position of the second guide in the second position indicates a directional accuracy and kick strength of the kicking action. 15. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a cover extending over the front frame to prohibit contact between a user and the first guide during the kicking action. 16. The training device of claim 1, wherein the ball is one of a soccer ball, a football, or a hemispherical portion of a soccer ball or football. 17. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a bumper mounted to an end of the second guide. 18. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide deforms the resistance band in the second position. 19. The training device of claim 1, wherein the base further comprises a platform configured to support a foot of a user during the kicking action. 20. A training device for performing a training kick, the device comprising:
a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface and having a front side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side, the left and right sides defining a side-to-side direction; a ball; a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot; a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot; a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position; a direction pointer attached to the ball holder and configured to indicate a direction of the kicking action in the side-to-side direction; and a sliding gauge mounted to the ball holder and configured to slide relative to the ball holder to indicate a maximum horizontal movement of the ball relative to the base. | A training device for performing a training kick includes a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface. The device further includes a ball, a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot, a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot, a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position, and a resistance band coupled to the base and operable to bias the ball holder toward the first position.1. A training device for performing a training kick, the device comprising:
a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface and having a front side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side, the left and right sides defining a side-to-side direction; a ball; a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot; a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot; a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position; and a resistance band coupled to the base and operable to bias the ball holder toward the first position. 2. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first slot is narrower than the second slot such that the ball holder assembly pivots at the first slot in the side-to-side direction. 3. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and the second guide are integrally formed as a single component. 4. The training device of claim 1, wherein the base includes a ramp at the front side and wherein the first guide is positioned at a height below the top of the ramp. 5. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a sliding gauge mounted to the second guide and configured to slide relative to the second guide and indicate a maximum horizontal movement of the ball relative to the base. 6. The training device of claim 5, wherein the sliding gauge abuts the rear frame during the kicking action, and wherein the sliding gauge is spaced apart from the rear frame after the kicking action in response to the bias of the resistance band. 7. The training device of claim 5, further comprising a template configured to indicate a relative position of the sliding gauge relative to the second guide. 8. The training device of claim 1, wherein the second guide is configured to move relative to the base to indicate a direction of the kicking action in the side-to-side direction. 9. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and the second guide have rectangular cross-sections. 10. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide and second guide have circular cross-sections. 11. The training device of claim 1, wherein the resistance band is a first resistance band, the training device further comprising a second resistance band selectively mounted to the base to increase the bias. 12. The training device of claim 1, wherein the ball is positioned above the front frame in the first position. 13. The training device of claim 12, wherein the ball is positioned between the front frame and the rear frame in the second position. 14. The training device of claim 1, wherein the position of the second guide in the second position indicates a directional accuracy and kick strength of the kicking action. 15. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a cover extending over the front frame to prohibit contact between a user and the first guide during the kicking action. 16. The training device of claim 1, wherein the ball is one of a soccer ball, a football, or a hemispherical portion of a soccer ball or football. 17. The training device of claim 1, further comprising a bumper mounted to an end of the second guide. 18. The training device of claim 1, wherein the first guide deforms the resistance band in the second position. 19. The training device of claim 1, wherein the base further comprises a platform configured to support a foot of a user during the kicking action. 20. A training device for performing a training kick, the device comprising:
a base adapted to be supported on a horizontal support surface and having a front side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side, the left and right sides defining a side-to-side direction; a ball; a front frame attached to the base and defining a first slot; a rear frame attached to the base between the front frame and the rear side of the base, the rear frame defining a second slot; a ball holder assembly comprising a first guide slidable within the first slot and a second guide slidable within the second slot, the ball holder assembly fixed to the ball and movable relative to the base such that the ball is movable in a kicking action toward the rear side from a first position to a second position; a direction pointer attached to the ball holder and configured to indicate a direction of the kicking action in the side-to-side direction; and a sliding gauge mounted to the ball holder and configured to slide relative to the ball holder to indicate a maximum horizontal movement of the ball relative to the base. | 1,600 |
349,713 | 350,587 | 16,854,336 | 1,655 | The present disclosure provides a coil component including an element assembly containing a filler and a resin material, a coil portion composed of a coil conductor embedded in the element assembly, and a pair of outer electrodes electrically coupled to the coil conductor. A relatively thin first conductor layer and a relatively thick second conductor layer are stacked in the coil conductor. | 1. A coil component comprising:
an element assembly containing a filler and a resin material; a coil portion composed of a coil conductor embedded in the element assembly; and a pair of outer electrodes electrically coupled to the coil conductor, wherein at least one thin first conductor layer and at least one thick second conductor layer are stacked in the coil conductor, the at least one thick second conductor layer has a thickness greater than a thickness of the at least one first conductor layer. 2. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer is interposed between the first conductor layers. 3. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer and the first conductor layers are stacked alternately, and the outermost layer is one of the first conductor layers. 4. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 5. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 6. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 7. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 8. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer and the first conductor layers are stacked alternately, and the outermost layer is one of the first conductor layers. 9. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 10. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 11. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 12. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 13. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 14. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 15. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 16. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 17. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 18. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 19. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 20. The coil component according to claim 5, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. | The present disclosure provides a coil component including an element assembly containing a filler and a resin material, a coil portion composed of a coil conductor embedded in the element assembly, and a pair of outer electrodes electrically coupled to the coil conductor. A relatively thin first conductor layer and a relatively thick second conductor layer are stacked in the coil conductor.1. A coil component comprising:
an element assembly containing a filler and a resin material; a coil portion composed of a coil conductor embedded in the element assembly; and a pair of outer electrodes electrically coupled to the coil conductor, wherein at least one thin first conductor layer and at least one thick second conductor layer are stacked in the coil conductor, the at least one thick second conductor layer has a thickness greater than a thickness of the at least one first conductor layer. 2. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer is interposed between the first conductor layers. 3. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer and the first conductor layers are stacked alternately, and the outermost layer is one of the first conductor layers. 4. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 5. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 6. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 7. The coil component according to claim 1, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 8. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the at least one first conductor layer is a plurality of first conductor layers, and the second conductor layer and the first conductor layers are stacked alternately, and the outermost layer is one of the first conductor layers. 9. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 10. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
a width of the first conductor layer is larger than a width of the second conductor layer. 11. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 12. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 13. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer. 14. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 15. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 16. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
the coil conductor is covered with a glass layer having a thickness of from 3 μm to 30 μm. 17. The coil component according to claim 2, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 18. The coil component according to claim 3, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 19. The coil component according to claim 4, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. 20. The coil component according to claim 5, wherein
a thickness of the coil conductor is from 10 μm to 500 μm. | 1,600 |
349,714 | 350,588 | 16,854,359 | 1,655 | An image forming apparatus includes a display and a control device. The control device functions as: a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and a controller. The controller performs, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus. The storage location is where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored. Based on a predetermined first degree using at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a size of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be larger as the first degree becomes higher, and then outputs the two-dimensional code. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a display; and a control device that includes a processor and, through the processor executing a control program, functions as:
a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and
a controller performing, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus, the storage location being a location where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored,
wherein based on a predetermined first degree that uses at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a size of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be larger as the first degree becomes higher, and then outputs the two-dimensional code. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when more than one two-dimensional code is contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller changes a size of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with higher degree so as to be larger than a size of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with lower degree, and then outputs the two-dimensional codes. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in addition to processing of changing the size of the two-dimensional code in accordance with the first degree, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code in accordance with a predetermined second degree that uses an indicator different from the indicator used in the first degree. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controller uses the second degree as a degree of danger in solving the trouble. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes the trouble-displaying image to include an appearance diagram of the own apparatus and displays the two-dimensional code in association with a position on the appearance diagram corresponding to a trouble occurrence location. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein by displaying a leader line that connects the position on the appearance diagram corresponding to the trouble occurrence location with the two-dimensional code, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein by displaying with a paint-out pattern the trouble occurrence location on the appearance diagram, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when a predetermined number or more two-dimensional codes are contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller reduces a size of an image showing each element that composes the trouble-displaying image while maintaining a relative size relationship between each element, and causes the display to display the image. | An image forming apparatus includes a display and a control device. The control device functions as: a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and a controller. The controller performs, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus. The storage location is where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored. Based on a predetermined first degree using at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a size of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be larger as the first degree becomes higher, and then outputs the two-dimensional code.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a display; and a control device that includes a processor and, through the processor executing a control program, functions as:
a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and
a controller performing, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus, the storage location being a location where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored,
wherein based on a predetermined first degree that uses at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a size of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be larger as the first degree becomes higher, and then outputs the two-dimensional code. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when more than one two-dimensional code is contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller changes a size of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with higher degree so as to be larger than a size of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with lower degree, and then outputs the two-dimensional codes. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in addition to processing of changing the size of the two-dimensional code in accordance with the first degree, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code in accordance with a predetermined second degree that uses an indicator different from the indicator used in the first degree. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the controller uses the second degree as a degree of danger in solving the trouble. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes the trouble-displaying image to include an appearance diagram of the own apparatus and displays the two-dimensional code in association with a position on the appearance diagram corresponding to a trouble occurrence location. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein by displaying a leader line that connects the position on the appearance diagram corresponding to the trouble occurrence location with the two-dimensional code, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 5, wherein by displaying with a paint-out pattern the trouble occurrence location on the appearance diagram, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 8. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when a predetermined number or more two-dimensional codes are contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller reduces a size of an image showing each element that composes the trouble-displaying image while maintaining a relative size relationship between each element, and causes the display to display the image. | 1,600 |
349,715 | 350,589 | 16,854,338 | 1,655 | Various arrangements for updating a device utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are presented. A backend system may detect a triggering event associated with a device based upon data received via a first connection. In response to detecting the first triggering event, the UAV may receive a first data set and a location associated with the device from the backend system. The UAV may deploy to the received location. A second connection between the UAV and the device can be established at the received location. The UAV may transmit the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location. | 1. A method for updating a device utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), comprising:
detecting, by a backend system, a first triggering event associated with the device based upon data received by the backend system from the device via a first connection; in response to detecting the first triggering event, transmitting, by the backend system to the UAV, a first data set and a location associated with the device; deploying the UAV to the received location; establishing, by the UAV, a second connection with the device at the received location, wherein the second connection is different than the first connection; transmitting, by the UAV, the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location; and receiving, by the UAV, at the received location, status information associated with the device from the device via the second connection after the first data set is transmitted to the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first triggering event comprises of a bandwidth associated with the device falling below a predetermined threshold associated with the first connection. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a second UAV. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first connection comprises a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) or Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LPPAN). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second connection comprises a Bluetooth-based connection or a Near Field Communication (NFC) connection. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the backend system, diagnostic information associated with the device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein receiving the diagnostic information comprises:
capturing, via an imaging device on the UAV, an image the device; and transmitting, by the UAV, the image of the device to the backend system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving status information associated with the device further comprises:
causing, by the UAV, the device to perform a self-diagnosis to generate a first result; and transmitting, by the UAV to the backend system, the first result via a third connection, wherein the third connection is different from the first connection and the second connection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first triggering event comprises a firmware version of the device being out of date. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
accessing, by the backend system, a device database that maintains an indication of a current firmware version of a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices comprising the device, wherein accessing the device database results in the firmware version of the device being determined to be out of date. 11. A system for updating a device, the system comprising:
a backend system that is in communication with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the backend system configured to:
detect a first triggering event associated with the device based upon data received by the backend system from the device via a first connection; and
in response to detecting the first triggering event, transmit, to the UAV, a first data set and a location associated with the device from the backend system; and the UAV, configured to:
receive a first data set and the location associated with the device from the backend system;
deploy to the received location;
establish a second connection with the device at the received location, wherein the second connection is different than the first connection;
transmit the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location; and
receive at the received location, status information associated with the device from the device via the second connection after the first data set is transmitted to the device. 12. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first triggering event comprised of a bandwidth associated with the device falling below a predetermined threshold associated with the first connection. 13. The system for updating the device of claim 12, wherein the device is a second UAV. 14. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first connection comprises a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) or Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LPPAN). 15. The system for updating the device of claim 14, wherein the second connection comprises a Bluetooth-based connection or a Near Field Communication (NFC) connection. 16. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the backend system is further configured to receive diagnostic information provided by the device. 17. The system for updating the device of claim 16, wherein the UAV is further configured to:
capture, using an imaging device of the UAV, an image the device; and transmit the image of the device to the backend system. 18. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the UAV configured to:
cause the device to perform a self-diagnosis to generate a first result; and transmit, to the backend system, the first result via a third connection, wherein the third connection is different from the first connection and the second connection. 19. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first triggering event comprises a firmware version of the device being determined to be out of date. 20. The system for updating the device of claim 19, further comprising a device database that maintains an indication of a current firmware version of a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices comprising the device. | Various arrangements for updating a device utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are presented. A backend system may detect a triggering event associated with a device based upon data received via a first connection. In response to detecting the first triggering event, the UAV may receive a first data set and a location associated with the device from the backend system. The UAV may deploy to the received location. A second connection between the UAV and the device can be established at the received location. The UAV may transmit the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location.1. A method for updating a device utilizing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), comprising:
detecting, by a backend system, a first triggering event associated with the device based upon data received by the backend system from the device via a first connection; in response to detecting the first triggering event, transmitting, by the backend system to the UAV, a first data set and a location associated with the device; deploying the UAV to the received location; establishing, by the UAV, a second connection with the device at the received location, wherein the second connection is different than the first connection; transmitting, by the UAV, the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location; and receiving, by the UAV, at the received location, status information associated with the device from the device via the second connection after the first data set is transmitted to the device. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first triggering event comprises of a bandwidth associated with the device falling below a predetermined threshold associated with the first connection. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device is a second UAV. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first connection comprises a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) or Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LPPAN). 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second connection comprises a Bluetooth-based connection or a Near Field Communication (NFC) connection. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the backend system, diagnostic information associated with the device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein receiving the diagnostic information comprises:
capturing, via an imaging device on the UAV, an image the device; and transmitting, by the UAV, the image of the device to the backend system. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein receiving status information associated with the device further comprises:
causing, by the UAV, the device to perform a self-diagnosis to generate a first result; and transmitting, by the UAV to the backend system, the first result via a third connection, wherein the third connection is different from the first connection and the second connection. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first triggering event comprises a firmware version of the device being out of date. 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising:
accessing, by the backend system, a device database that maintains an indication of a current firmware version of a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices comprising the device, wherein accessing the device database results in the firmware version of the device being determined to be out of date. 11. A system for updating a device, the system comprising:
a backend system that is in communication with an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), the backend system configured to:
detect a first triggering event associated with the device based upon data received by the backend system from the device via a first connection; and
in response to detecting the first triggering event, transmit, to the UAV, a first data set and a location associated with the device from the backend system; and the UAV, configured to:
receive a first data set and the location associated with the device from the backend system;
deploy to the received location;
establish a second connection with the device at the received location, wherein the second connection is different than the first connection;
transmit the first data set to the device via the second connection at the received location; and
receive at the received location, status information associated with the device from the device via the second connection after the first data set is transmitted to the device. 12. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first triggering event comprised of a bandwidth associated with the device falling below a predetermined threshold associated with the first connection. 13. The system for updating the device of claim 12, wherein the device is a second UAV. 14. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first connection comprises a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) or Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (LPPAN). 15. The system for updating the device of claim 14, wherein the second connection comprises a Bluetooth-based connection or a Near Field Communication (NFC) connection. 16. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the backend system is further configured to receive diagnostic information provided by the device. 17. The system for updating the device of claim 16, wherein the UAV is further configured to:
capture, using an imaging device of the UAV, an image the device; and transmit the image of the device to the backend system. 18. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the UAV configured to:
cause the device to perform a self-diagnosis to generate a first result; and transmit, to the backend system, the first result via a third connection, wherein the third connection is different from the first connection and the second connection. 19. The system for updating the device of claim 11, wherein the first triggering event comprises a firmware version of the device being determined to be out of date. 20. The system for updating the device of claim 19, further comprising a device database that maintains an indication of a current firmware version of a plurality of devices, the plurality of devices comprising the device. | 1,600 |
349,716 | 350,590 | 16,854,328 | 1,655 | Systems and methods provide for enabling multicast-based performance routing and policy controls for software-defined networking in a wide area network deployment including a multicast application-route policy based on sources, groups, receivers, dynamic application-route policy path selection from multicast replicators, and application-route SLA switchover across paths and multicast replicators based on SD-WAN multicast routing architecture; and dynamically selecting SD-WAN multicast replicators based on policies for replication including allowed multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance, and switching over dynamically across multicast replicators based real-time multicast replicator status updates. | 1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups in a network environment; determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators; selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator to dynamically tune an overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching of the connection paths occurs dynamically across the plurality of multicast replicators based on real-time selections of multicast replicators of the plurality of multicast replicators. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a second multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching the connection paths between the plurality of receiver and the multicast replicators based on selecting of the second multicast replicator to dynamically tune the overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second multicast replicator is dynamically selected according to the multicast application-route policy based on changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator include performance of the first multicast replicator operating to provide network service access through the overlay multicast tree in the network environment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multicast replicator is configured to advertise replicator status information of the first multicast replicator to a plurality of multicast routers in the overlay multicast tree and at least one of the plurality of multicast routers are configured to facilitate:
the selection of the first multicast replicator based on multicast application route-policy according to the advertised replicator status information of the first multicast replicator; and the switching of the connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selection of the first multicast replicator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more multicast groups and is selected based on inclusion of the first multicast replicator in the one or more multicast groups. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more transport networks associated with multicast traffic and the application-route policy is selected based on a transport network associated with specific multicast traffic passing between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators. 10. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups in a network environment;
determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators;
selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and
switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator to dynamically tune an overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the switching of the connection paths occurs dynamically across the plurality of multicast replicators based on real-time selections of multicast replicators of the plurality of multicast replicators. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
selecting a second multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching the connection paths between the plurality of receiver and the multicast replicators based on selecting of the second multicast replicator to dynamically tune the overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising dynamically selecting the second multicast replicator according to the multicast application-route policy based on changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator include performance of the first multicast replicator operating to provide network service access through the overlay multicast tree in the network environment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the first multicast replicator is configured to advertise replicator status information of the first multicast replicator to a plurality of multicast routers in the overlay multicast tree and at least one of the plurality of multicast routers is configured to:
select the first multicast replicator based on the multicast application route-policy according to the advertised replicator status information of the first multicast replicator; and switch the connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selection of the first multicast replicator. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more multicast groups and is selected based on inclusion of the first multicast replicator in the one or more multicast groups. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more transport networks associated with multicast traffic and the application-route policy is selected based on a transport network associated with specific multicast traffic passing between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups; determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators; selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. | Systems and methods provide for enabling multicast-based performance routing and policy controls for software-defined networking in a wide area network deployment including a multicast application-route policy based on sources, groups, receivers, dynamic application-route policy path selection from multicast replicators, and application-route SLA switchover across paths and multicast replicators based on SD-WAN multicast routing architecture; and dynamically selecting SD-WAN multicast replicators based on policies for replication including allowed multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance, and switching over dynamically across multicast replicators based real-time multicast replicator status updates.1. A computer-implemented method comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups in a network environment; determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators; selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator to dynamically tune an overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the switching of the connection paths occurs dynamically across the plurality of multicast replicators based on real-time selections of multicast replicators of the plurality of multicast replicators. 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
selecting a second multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching the connection paths between the plurality of receiver and the multicast replicators based on selecting of the second multicast replicator to dynamically tune the overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the second multicast replicator is dynamically selected according to the multicast application-route policy based on changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator include performance of the first multicast replicator operating to provide network service access through the overlay multicast tree in the network environment. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multicast replicator is configured to advertise replicator status information of the first multicast replicator to a plurality of multicast routers in the overlay multicast tree and at least one of the plurality of multicast routers are configured to facilitate:
the selection of the first multicast replicator based on multicast application route-policy according to the advertised replicator status information of the first multicast replicator; and the switching of the connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selection of the first multicast replicator. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more multicast groups and is selected based on inclusion of the first multicast replicator in the one or more multicast groups. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more transport networks associated with multicast traffic and the application-route policy is selected based on a transport network associated with specific multicast traffic passing between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators. 10. A system comprising:
one or more processors; and at least one computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups in a network environment;
determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators;
selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and
switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator to dynamically tune an overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. 12. The system of claim 10, wherein the switching of the connection paths occurs dynamically across the plurality of multicast replicators based on real-time selections of multicast replicators of the plurality of multicast replicators. 13. The system of claim 10, wherein the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising:
selecting a second multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching the connection paths between the plurality of receiver and the multicast replicators based on selecting of the second multicast replicator to dynamically tune the overlay multicast tree of the network environment. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, further cause the one or more processors to perform operations comprising dynamically selecting the second multicast replicator according to the multicast application-route policy based on changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the changing network conditions in the network environment associated with the first multicast replicator include performance of the first multicast replicator operating to provide network service access through the overlay multicast tree in the network environment. 16. The system of claim 10, wherein the first multicast replicator is configured to advertise replicator status information of the first multicast replicator to a plurality of multicast routers in the overlay multicast tree and at least one of the plurality of multicast routers is configured to:
select the first multicast replicator based on the multicast application route-policy according to the advertised replicator status information of the first multicast replicator; and switch the connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selection of the first multicast replicator. 17. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more multicast groups and is selected based on inclusion of the first multicast replicator in the one or more multicast groups. 18. The system of claim 10, wherein the multicast application-route policy is specific to one or more transport networks associated with multicast traffic and the application-route policy is selected based on a transport network associated with specific multicast traffic passing between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators. 19. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having stored therein instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform operations comprising:
connecting a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) including a plurality of receivers and a plurality of multicast replicators, the plurality of multicast replicators forming a plurality of multicast groups; determining a multicast application-route policy to determine a connection path between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators; selecting a first multicast replicator of the plurality of multicast replicators based on the multicast application-route policy; and switching connection paths between the plurality of receivers and the multicast replicators based on the selected first multicast replicator. 20. The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of claim 19, wherein the multicast application-route policy is based on at least one of the plurality of multicast groups, geographic location, bandwidth indications, system load, and performance. | 1,600 |
349,717 | 350,591 | 16,854,334 | 1,655 | The present invention relates to processes for preparing compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II): | 1-18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I): 20. The process of claim 19, wherein R1 is 21. The process of claim 19, wherein R1 is 22. The process of claim 19, wherein R4 is imidazol-1-yl, MeO—, EtO— or PhO—. 23. The process of claim 20, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15B or 15C: 24. The process of claim 23, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15C wherein R5 is phenyl. 25. The process of claim 21, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 20B or 20C, 26. The process of claim 25, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15C wherein R5 is phenyl. 27. The process of claim 19, wherein PG is tert-butyl dimethylsilyl. 28. The process of claim 19, wherein step (1) is carried out in an aprotic solvent. 29. The process of claim 28, wherein the aprotic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or toluene. 30. The process of claim 19, wherein the base is trimethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. | The present invention relates to processes for preparing compounds of Formula (I) and Formula (II):1-18. (canceled) 19. A process for preparing a compound of Formula (I): 20. The process of claim 19, wherein R1 is 21. The process of claim 19, wherein R1 is 22. The process of claim 19, wherein R4 is imidazol-1-yl, MeO—, EtO— or PhO—. 23. The process of claim 20, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15B or 15C: 24. The process of claim 23, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15C wherein R5 is phenyl. 25. The process of claim 21, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 20B or 20C, 26. The process of claim 25, wherein the compound of Formula 15E is compound 15C wherein R5 is phenyl. 27. The process of claim 19, wherein PG is tert-butyl dimethylsilyl. 28. The process of claim 19, wherein step (1) is carried out in an aprotic solvent. 29. The process of claim 28, wherein the aprotic solvent is tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane or toluene. 30. The process of claim 19, wherein the base is trimethylamine or diisopropylethylamine. | 1,600 |
349,718 | 350,592 | 16,854,332 | 1,655 | An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, including a threaded drive system for converting a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion for brake pressure generation. The system includes a spindle rotatable via an electric motor, a spindle nut cooperating with a thread of the spindle so the spindle nut is axially displaceable with a rotation of the spindle and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable, and a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection which secures the spindle nut against twisting during rotation of the spindle. The spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface, which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom. | 1. An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, comprising:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and a piston/cylinder unit actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation; wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle nut which is rotatable via an electric motor as a drive;
a spindle nut which cooperates with a thread of the spindle so that the spindle nut is axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle, and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable; and
a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection using which the spindle nut is secured against twisting during a rotation of the spindle;
wherein the spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom. 2. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle is rotatably mounted with respect to the housing using a bearing, the bearing forming the stop surface for the spindle nut. 3. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the anti-twist protection is formed by a torque support which engages in a groove of the housing, the torque support forming the spindle nut reference surface, and an axial end of the nut forming the stop surface. 4. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut is made of a plastic material. 5. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut is made of a metal alloy. 6. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface is integrated into the spindle nut. 7. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface and/or the stop surface is configured to be damping. 8. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface (78) and/or the stop surface is resilient. 9. A vehicle, comprising:
a hydraulic braking system; and an electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system, the electromechanical brake pressure generator including:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion;
a piston/cylinder unit actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation;
wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle nut which is rotatable via an electric motor as a drive;
a spindle nut which cooperates with a thread of the spindle so that the spindle nut is axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle, and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable; and
a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection using which the spindle nut is secured against twisting during a rotation of the spindle;
wherein the spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom. | An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, including a threaded drive system for converting a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion for brake pressure generation. The system includes a spindle rotatable via an electric motor, a spindle nut cooperating with a thread of the spindle so the spindle nut is axially displaceable with a rotation of the spindle and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable, and a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection which secures the spindle nut against twisting during rotation of the spindle. The spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface, which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom.1. An electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system of a vehicle, comprising:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion; and a piston/cylinder unit actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation; wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle nut which is rotatable via an electric motor as a drive;
a spindle nut which cooperates with a thread of the spindle so that the spindle nut is axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle, and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable; and
a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection using which the spindle nut is secured against twisting during a rotation of the spindle;
wherein the spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom. 2. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle is rotatably mounted with respect to the housing using a bearing, the bearing forming the stop surface for the spindle nut. 3. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the anti-twist protection is formed by a torque support which engages in a groove of the housing, the torque support forming the spindle nut reference surface, and an axial end of the nut forming the stop surface. 4. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut is made of a plastic material. 5. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut is made of a metal alloy. 6. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface is integrated into the spindle nut. 7. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface and/or the stop surface is configured to be damping. 8. The electromechanical brake pressure generator as recited in claim 1, wherein the spindle nut reference surface (78) and/or the stop surface is resilient. 9. A vehicle, comprising:
a hydraulic braking system; and an electromechanical brake pressure generator for a hydraulic braking system, the electromechanical brake pressure generator including:
at least one threaded drive system configured to convert a drive-side rotary motion into a translatory motion;
a piston/cylinder unit actuatable by the threaded drive system for brake pressure generation;
wherein the threaded drive system includes:
a spindle nut which is rotatable via an electric motor as a drive;
a spindle nut which cooperates with a thread of the spindle so that the spindle nut is axially displaced with a rotation of the spindle, and a brake fluid is loadable or relievable; and
a housing which, together with the spindle nut, forms an anti-twist protection using which the spindle nut is secured against twisting during a rotation of the spindle;
wherein the spindle nut forms at least one spindle nut reference surface which cooperates with at least one stop surface, which is stationary with respect to the housing, in a relief end position of the spindle nut in such a way that an instantaneous axial position of the spindle nut is determinable therefrom. | 1,600 |
349,719 | 350,593 | 16,854,320 | 1,655 | Technologies described herein are generally directed to facilitating the allocation, scheduling, and management of network slice resources. According some embodiments, a system can facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include facilitating receiving information regarding a characteristic of a potential connection, by a user device, to respective network devices of a group of provider networks. The operations can further include facilitating selecting an identifier resource from a group of identifier resources, the group comprising the identifier resources available to the user device for a connection to a corresponding network device of a provider network from the respective network devices of the group of provider networks, resulting in a selected identifier resource. Further, the operations can include communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the corresponding network device. | 1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
facilitating receiving information regarding a characteristic of a potential connection, by a user device, to respective network devices of a group of provider networks,
facilitating selecting an identifier resource from a group of identifier resources, the group comprising the identifier resources available to the user device for a connection to a corresponding network device of a provider network from the respective network devices of the group of provider networks, resulting in a selected identifier resource, and
communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the corresponding network device. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise receiving a selection condition from the user device, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource is based on the selection condition. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a condition identified based on input collected via a user interface of the user device. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection cost condition, wherein the characteristic of the potential connection comprises a connection cost characteristic of the potential connection, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource based on the selection condition comprises selecting the identifier resource corresponding to the network device of the provider network that is determined to be able to provide the connection with the connection cost characteristic that satisfies the connection cost condition. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the connection cost condition comprises a lowest connection cost condition. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection bandwidth condition, wherein the characteristic of the potential connection comprises a connection bandwidth characteristic of the connection, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource based on the selection condition comprises selecting the identifier resource corresponding to the network device of the provider network that is determined to be able to provide the connection with the connection bandwidth characteristic that satisfies the connection bandwidth condition. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the connection bandwidth condition comprises a highest connection bandwidth condition. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the identifier resource comprises an electronic subscriber identity module. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the selecting the identifier resource from the group of identifier resources is performed on a per session basis. 10. A method, comprising:
facilitating, by a user device comprising a processor, receiving, from a network device, a communication that comprises an indication corresponding to a subscriber identity module selected by the network device from a group of subscriber identity modules, the group comprising the subscriber identity modules available for use to connect the user device to network devices respectively corresponding to different provider networks; analyzing, by the user device, a characteristic of a network device, of the network devices, of a provider network corresponding to the subscriber identity module, wherein the communication further comprises information corresponding to the characteristic of the network device of the provider network; and based on the indication from the network device and a result of the analyzing the characteristic of the provider network, selecting, by the user device, the network device of the provider network, resulting in a selected network device of a selected provider, and a selected corresponding subscriber identity module. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying, by the user device, a selection condition for use by the network device to select the subscriber identity module corresponding to the provider network, wherein the selection condition is for an evaluation of the network devices of the different provider networks, by the network device, to facilitate selection of the subscriber identity module by the network device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection cost condition, wherein the characteristic of the provider network comprises a connection cost characteristic of the provider network, and wherein the different provider networks evaluated the provider network based on the selection condition. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying the selection condition comprises identifying the selection condition based on input collected via a user interface of the user device. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
identifying, by the user device, the group of subscriber identity modules available for use to connect to the network devices of the different provider networks, resulting in an identified group; and communicating, by the user device, the identified group and network information representative of the network devices of the different provider networks to the network device for use in selection of the subscriber identity module from the identified group. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the subscriber identity module is a first subscriber identity module, wherein the network device is a first network device of a first provider network, and wherein the selecting the network device of the provider network comprises, based on an additional connection to be established by the user device, selecting a second network device of a second provider network corresponding to a second subscriber identity module. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the subscriber identity module comprises an electronic subscriber identity module. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a network device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving, from a user device, information corresponding to a group of subscriber identity modules identified by the user device as available to be used for a connection by the user device to a network device of a provider network, of network devices of provider networks corresponding to the group of subscriber identity modules; identifying information regarding a characteristic of potential connections, by the user device, to the network devices of the provider networks; selecting a subscriber identity module from the group of subscriber identity modules based on a characteristic of the subscriber identity module, resulting in a selected subscriber identity module; and communicating the selected subscriber identity module to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the network device of the provider network corresponding to the selected subscriber identity module. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the identifying the information regarding the characteristic comprises collecting the information by the network device based on measured connection quality metrics. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device comprises issuing an instruction to the user device to establish the connection to the network device of the provider network. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the identifying the information regarding the characteristic of the potential connections, by the user device, to the network devices of the provider networks comprises receiving the information regarding the characteristic from the user device. | Technologies described herein are generally directed to facilitating the allocation, scheduling, and management of network slice resources. According some embodiments, a system can facilitate performance of operations. The operations can include facilitating receiving information regarding a characteristic of a potential connection, by a user device, to respective network devices of a group of provider networks. The operations can further include facilitating selecting an identifier resource from a group of identifier resources, the group comprising the identifier resources available to the user device for a connection to a corresponding network device of a provider network from the respective network devices of the group of provider networks, resulting in a selected identifier resource. Further, the operations can include communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the corresponding network device.1. A device, comprising:
a processor; and a memory that stores executable instructions that, when executed by the processor, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
facilitating receiving information regarding a characteristic of a potential connection, by a user device, to respective network devices of a group of provider networks,
facilitating selecting an identifier resource from a group of identifier resources, the group comprising the identifier resources available to the user device for a connection to a corresponding network device of a provider network from the respective network devices of the group of provider networks, resulting in a selected identifier resource, and
communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the corresponding network device. 2. The device of claim 1, wherein the operations further comprise receiving a selection condition from the user device, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource is based on the selection condition. 3. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a condition identified based on input collected via a user interface of the user device. 4. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection cost condition, wherein the characteristic of the potential connection comprises a connection cost characteristic of the potential connection, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource based on the selection condition comprises selecting the identifier resource corresponding to the network device of the provider network that is determined to be able to provide the connection with the connection cost characteristic that satisfies the connection cost condition. 5. The device of claim 4, wherein the connection cost condition comprises a lowest connection cost condition. 6. The device of claim 2, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection bandwidth condition, wherein the characteristic of the potential connection comprises a connection bandwidth characteristic of the connection, and wherein the selecting the identifier resource based on the selection condition comprises selecting the identifier resource corresponding to the network device of the provider network that is determined to be able to provide the connection with the connection bandwidth characteristic that satisfies the connection bandwidth condition. 7. The device of claim 6, wherein the connection bandwidth condition comprises a highest connection bandwidth condition. 8. The device of claim 1, wherein the identifier resource comprises an electronic subscriber identity module. 9. The device of claim 1, wherein the selecting the identifier resource from the group of identifier resources is performed on a per session basis. 10. A method, comprising:
facilitating, by a user device comprising a processor, receiving, from a network device, a communication that comprises an indication corresponding to a subscriber identity module selected by the network device from a group of subscriber identity modules, the group comprising the subscriber identity modules available for use to connect the user device to network devices respectively corresponding to different provider networks; analyzing, by the user device, a characteristic of a network device, of the network devices, of a provider network corresponding to the subscriber identity module, wherein the communication further comprises information corresponding to the characteristic of the network device of the provider network; and based on the indication from the network device and a result of the analyzing the characteristic of the provider network, selecting, by the user device, the network device of the provider network, resulting in a selected network device of a selected provider, and a selected corresponding subscriber identity module. 11. The method of claim 10, further comprising identifying, by the user device, a selection condition for use by the network device to select the subscriber identity module corresponding to the provider network, wherein the selection condition is for an evaluation of the network devices of the different provider networks, by the network device, to facilitate selection of the subscriber identity module by the network device. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the selection condition comprises a connection cost condition, wherein the characteristic of the provider network comprises a connection cost characteristic of the provider network, and wherein the different provider networks evaluated the provider network based on the selection condition. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein the identifying the selection condition comprises identifying the selection condition based on input collected via a user interface of the user device. 14. The method of claim 10, further comprising:
identifying, by the user device, the group of subscriber identity modules available for use to connect to the network devices of the different provider networks, resulting in an identified group; and communicating, by the user device, the identified group and network information representative of the network devices of the different provider networks to the network device for use in selection of the subscriber identity module from the identified group. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the subscriber identity module is a first subscriber identity module, wherein the network device is a first network device of a first provider network, and wherein the selecting the network device of the provider network comprises, based on an additional connection to be established by the user device, selecting a second network device of a second provider network corresponding to a second subscriber identity module. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the subscriber identity module comprises an electronic subscriber identity module. 17. A machine-readable storage medium, comprising executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of a network device, facilitate performance of operations, comprising:
receiving, from a user device, information corresponding to a group of subscriber identity modules identified by the user device as available to be used for a connection by the user device to a network device of a provider network, of network devices of provider networks corresponding to the group of subscriber identity modules; identifying information regarding a characteristic of potential connections, by the user device, to the network devices of the provider networks; selecting a subscriber identity module from the group of subscriber identity modules based on a characteristic of the subscriber identity module, resulting in a selected subscriber identity module; and communicating the selected subscriber identity module to the user device for use by the user device to establish the connection to the network device of the provider network corresponding to the selected subscriber identity module. 18. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the identifying the information regarding the characteristic comprises collecting the information by the network device based on measured connection quality metrics. 19. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the communicating the selected identifier resource to the user device comprises issuing an instruction to the user device to establish the connection to the network device of the provider network. 20. The machine-readable storage medium of claim 17, wherein the identifying the information regarding the characteristic of the potential connections, by the user device, to the network devices of the provider networks comprises receiving the information regarding the characteristic from the user device. | 1,600 |
349,720 | 350,594 | 16,854,368 | 1,715 | Provided is a method of producing a graphitic film, comprising: (a) providing a suspension of a mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and aromatic molecules selected from petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, a halogenated variant thereof, or a combination thereof, dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium; (b) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer, wherein the procedure includes subjecting the suspension to an orientation-inducing stress or strain; (c) partially or completely removing the liquid medium; and (d) heat treating the resulting dried layer at a first temperature selected from 20° C. to 3,200° C. so that the GO and aromatic molecules are cross-linked, merged or fused into larger aromatic molecules to form the graphitic film, wherein the larger aromatic molecules or graphene planes in the graphitic film are substantially parallel to each other. | 1. A method of producing a graphitic film having a thickness from 2 nm to 5 mm, said method comprising:
A) providing a suspension of both graphene oxide and aromatic molecules dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium, wherein a graphene oxide-to-aromatic molecule weight ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1 and said aromatic molecules are selected from petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, a halogenated variant thereof, or a combination thereof and wherein both said graphene oxide and said aromatic molecules contain a plane of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings; B) dispensing and depositing said suspension onto a surface of a supporting solid substrate to form a wet layer of graphene oxide and aromatic molecules, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said suspension to an orientation-inducing stress or strain; C) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer to form a dried layer of graphene oxide and aromatic molecules; and D) heat treating said dried layer of aromatic molecules at a first temperature selected from 20° C. to 3,000° C. so that said graphene oxide and aromatic molecules are cross-linked, merged or fused together to form said graphitic film comprising larger graphene sheets or graphene planes that are substantially parallel to each other. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide comprises an oxygen content from 2% to 50% by weight of the total graphene oxide weight. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said polynuclear hydrocarbon is selected from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, chrysene, triphenylene, pyrene, pentacene, benzo-pyrene, corannulene, benzo-perylene, coronene, ovalene, benzo-fluorene, a derivative thereof having a substituent on a ring structure thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitic film comprises graphene domains or graphite crystals having a length or width from 10 nm to 10 μm or an inter-graphene spacing from 0.34 nm to 2.2 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules or graphene oxide sheets in operation (A) are chemically functionalized with a functional group selected from —OH, —COOH, —NH2, —C═O, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules are selected from 1-pyrenebutyrate, pyrene-1-sulfonic acid, 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide bis-benzenesulfonic acid, a polymer or long molecule with both ends terminated with phenyl, pyrene, or di-pyrene moieties, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amine group, sulfonate group (—SO3H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group, which is an azide compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan-1-amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, chlorocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dichlorocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)-oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R=any one of the following groups, 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group containing an oxygenated group selected from the hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, aldehyde, or a combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from SO3H, COOH, NH2, OH, R′CHOH, CHO, CN, COCl, halide, COSH, SH, COOR′, SR′, SiR′3, Si(—OR′—)yR′3−y, Si(—O—SiR′2—)OR′, R″, Li, AlR′2, Hg—X, T1Z2 and Mg—X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R′ is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R″ is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, fluorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloaryl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, an acrylonitrile chain, polyfurfuryl alcohol, phenolic resin, or a combination thereof; and/or said functional group is selected from OY, NHY, O═C—OY, P═C—NR′Y, O═C—SY, O═C—Y, —CR′1-OY, N′Y or C′Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R′—OH, R′—NR′2, R′SH, R′CHO, R′CN, R′X, R′N+(R′)3X−, R′SiR′3, R′Si(—OR′—)yR′3−y, R′Si(−O—SiR′2−)OR′, R′—R″, R′—N—CO, (C2H4O—)wH, (—C3H6O—)wH, (—C2H4O)w—R′, (C3H6O)w—R′, R′, and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said suspension in operation (A) further comprises a catalyst that contains a transition metal selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Pt, Au, a combination thereof, or wherein said catalyst contains a chemical species selected from PdCl2, FeCl3, FeBr3, FeF3, NiBr2, NiI2, Cs2CO3, CsF, CsCl, CsBr, CH2CL2, or a combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising compressing said graphitic film to produce a highly conducting graphitic film having a physical density no less than 1.6 g/cm3. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said operation (D) of heat treating said dried layer is conducted while a compressive stress is imposed on said dried layer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium contains a non-aqueous solvent selected from polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, an alcohol, a sugar alcohol, a polyglycerol, a glycol ether, an amine based solvent, an amide based solvent, an alkylene carbonate, an organic acid, or an inorganic acid. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitic film has a thickness from 10 nm to 500 μm. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said operations (B), (C) and (D) are conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range from 20° C.-1,500° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 2.0%, an inter-planar spacing less than 0.36 nm, a physical density no less than 1.5 g/cm3, a thermal conductivity of at least 700 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 1,300 S/cm. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range from 1,500° C.-2,100° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 1.0%, an inter-planar spacing less than 0.345 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 1,000 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 5,000 S/cm. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature greater than 2,100° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content no greater than 0.1%, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.340 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 1,300 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 8,000 S/cm. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500° C. and the highly graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity greater than 1,600 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 10,000 S/cm. 22. A graphitic film, having a thickness from 2 nm to 5 mm, wherein the graphitic film comprises graphene sheets that are cross-linked by molecules of a polynuclear hydrocarbon selected from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, chrysene, triphenylene, pyrene, pentacene, benzo-pyrene, corannulene, benzo-perylene, coronene, ovalene, benzo-fluorene, a derivative thereof having a substituent on a ring structure thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof and the graphene sheets are substantially parallel to each other. 23-25. (canceled) | Provided is a method of producing a graphitic film, comprising: (a) providing a suspension of a mixture of graphene oxide (GO) and aromatic molecules selected from petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, a halogenated variant thereof, or a combination thereof, dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium; (b) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a surface of a supporting substrate to form a wet layer, wherein the procedure includes subjecting the suspension to an orientation-inducing stress or strain; (c) partially or completely removing the liquid medium; and (d) heat treating the resulting dried layer at a first temperature selected from 20° C. to 3,200° C. so that the GO and aromatic molecules are cross-linked, merged or fused into larger aromatic molecules to form the graphitic film, wherein the larger aromatic molecules or graphene planes in the graphitic film are substantially parallel to each other.1. A method of producing a graphitic film having a thickness from 2 nm to 5 mm, said method comprising:
A) providing a suspension of both graphene oxide and aromatic molecules dispersed or dissolved in a liquid medium, wherein a graphene oxide-to-aromatic molecule weight ratio is from 1/100 to 100/1 and said aromatic molecules are selected from petroleum heavy oil or pitch, coal tar pitch, a polynuclear hydrocarbon, a halogenated variant thereof, or a combination thereof and wherein both said graphene oxide and said aromatic molecules contain a plane of hexagonal carbon atoms or fused aromatic rings; B) dispensing and depositing said suspension onto a surface of a supporting solid substrate to form a wet layer of graphene oxide and aromatic molecules, wherein said dispensing and depositing procedure includes subjecting said suspension to an orientation-inducing stress or strain; C) partially or completely removing said liquid medium from the wet layer to form a dried layer of graphene oxide and aromatic molecules; and D) heat treating said dried layer of aromatic molecules at a first temperature selected from 20° C. to 3,000° C. so that said graphene oxide and aromatic molecules are cross-linked, merged or fused together to form said graphitic film comprising larger graphene sheets or graphene planes that are substantially parallel to each other. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide comprises an oxygen content from 2% to 50% by weight of the total graphene oxide weight. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein said polynuclear hydrocarbon is selected from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, chrysene, triphenylene, pyrene, pentacene, benzo-pyrene, corannulene, benzo-perylene, coronene, ovalene, benzo-fluorene, a derivative thereof having a substituent on a ring structure thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitic film comprises graphene domains or graphite crystals having a length or width from 10 nm to 10 μm or an inter-graphene spacing from 0.34 nm to 2.2 nm. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules or graphene oxide sheets in operation (A) are chemically functionalized with a functional group selected from —OH, —COOH, —NH2, —C═O, or a combination thereof. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules are selected from 1-pyrenebutyrate, pyrene-1-sulfonic acid, 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide bis-benzenesulfonic acid, a polymer or long molecule with both ends terminated with phenyl, pyrene, or di-pyrene moieties, or a combination thereof. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from alkyl or aryl silane, alkyl or aralkyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, amine group, sulfonate group (—SO3H), aldehydic group, quinoidal, fluorocarbon, or a combination thereof. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group, which is an azide compound selected from the group consisting of 2-azidoethanol, 3-azidopropan-1-amine, 4-(2-azidoethoxy)-4-oxobutanoic acid, 2-azidoethyl-2-bromo-2-methylpropanoate, chlorocarbonate, azidocarbonate, dichlorocarbene, carbene, aryne, nitrene, (R-)-oxycarbonyl nitrenes, where R=any one of the following groups, 9. The method of claim 1, wherein said aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group containing an oxygenated group selected from the hydroxyl, peroxide, ether, keto, aldehyde, or a combination thereof. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from SO3H, COOH, NH2, OH, R′CHOH, CHO, CN, COCl, halide, COSH, SH, COOR′, SR′, SiR′3, Si(—OR′—)yR′3−y, Si(—O—SiR′2—)OR′, R″, Li, AlR′2, Hg—X, T1Z2 and Mg—X; wherein y is an integer equal to or less than 3, R′ is hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, or aralkyl, cycloaryl, or poly(alkylether), R″ is fluoroalkyl, fluoroaryl, fluorocycloalkyl, fluoroaralkyl or cycloaryl, X is halide, and Z is carboxylate or trifluoroacetate, or a combination thereof. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphene oxide or aromatic molecules in operation (A) are attached with a chemical functional group selected from amidoamines, polyamides, aliphatic amines, modified aliphatic amines, cycloaliphatic amines, aromatic amines, anhydrides, ketimines, diethylenetriamine (DETA), triethylene-tetramine (TETA), tetraethylene-pentamine (TEPA), polyethylene polyamine, polyamine epoxy adduct, phenolic hardener, non-brominated curing agent, non-amine curatives, an acrylonitrile chain, polyfurfuryl alcohol, phenolic resin, or a combination thereof; and/or said functional group is selected from OY, NHY, O═C—OY, P═C—NR′Y, O═C—SY, O═C—Y, —CR′1-OY, N′Y or C′Y, and Y is a functional group of a protein, a peptide, an amino acid, an enzyme, an antibody, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, an antigen, or an enzyme substrate, enzyme inhibitor or the transition state analog of an enzyme substrate or is selected from R′—OH, R′—NR′2, R′SH, R′CHO, R′CN, R′X, R′N+(R′)3X−, R′SiR′3, R′Si(—OR′—)yR′3−y, R′Si(−O—SiR′2−)OR′, R′—R″, R′—N—CO, (C2H4O—)wH, (—C3H6O—)wH, (—C2H4O)w—R′, (C3H6O)w—R′, R′, and w is an integer greater than one and less than 200. 12. The method of claim 1, wherein said suspension in operation (A) further comprises a catalyst that contains a transition metal selected from Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, Ag, Cd, Pt, Au, a combination thereof, or wherein said catalyst contains a chemical species selected from PdCl2, FeCl3, FeBr3, FeF3, NiBr2, NiI2, Cs2CO3, CsF, CsCl, CsBr, CH2CL2, or a combination thereof. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising compressing said graphitic film to produce a highly conducting graphitic film having a physical density no less than 1.6 g/cm3. 14. The method of claim 1, wherein said operation (D) of heat treating said dried layer is conducted while a compressive stress is imposed on said dried layer. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein said liquid medium contains a non-aqueous solvent selected from polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, an alcohol, a sugar alcohol, a polyglycerol, a glycol ether, an amine based solvent, an amide based solvent, an alkylene carbonate, an organic acid, or an inorganic acid. 16. The method of claim 1, wherein said graphitic film has a thickness from 10 nm to 500 μm. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein said operations (B), (C) and (D) are conducted in a roll-to-roll manner. 18. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range from 20° C.-1,500° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 2.0%, an inter-planar spacing less than 0.36 nm, a physical density no less than 1.5 g/cm3, a thermal conductivity of at least 700 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 1,300 S/cm. 19. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature in the range from 1,500° C.-2,100° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content less than 1.0%, an inter-planar spacing less than 0.345 nm, a thermal conductivity of at least 1,000 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 5,000 S/cm. 20. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature greater than 2,100° C. and the graphitic film has an oxygen content no greater than 0.1%, an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.340 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.7, a thermal conductivity of at least 1,300 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity no less than 8,000 S/cm. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein said first heat treatment temperature contains a temperature no less than 2,500° C. and the highly graphitic film has an inter-graphene spacing less than 0.336 nm, a mosaic spread value no greater than 0.4, a thermal conductivity greater than 1,600 W/mK, and/or an electrical conductivity greater than 10,000 S/cm. 22. A graphitic film, having a thickness from 2 nm to 5 mm, wherein the graphitic film comprises graphene sheets that are cross-linked by molecules of a polynuclear hydrocarbon selected from naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, tetracene, chrysene, triphenylene, pyrene, pentacene, benzo-pyrene, corannulene, benzo-perylene, coronene, ovalene, benzo-fluorene, a derivative thereof having a substituent on a ring structure thereof, a chemical derivative thereof, or a combination thereof and the graphene sheets are substantially parallel to each other. 23-25. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,721 | 350,595 | 16,854,342 | 1,715 | A phosphoric acid-free etchant composition and a method of forming a wiring, the composition including about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of an organic acid compound; about 6 wt % to about 12 wt % of a glycol compound; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a nitrate salt compound; and water, all wt % being based on a total weight of the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition. | 1. A method of forming a wiring, the method comprising:
forming a thin film on a substrate; and etching the thin film in a predetermined wiring shape using the etchant composition, wherein the etchant composition is a phosphoric acid-free etchant composition that includes: about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of an organic acid compound; about 6 wt % to about 12 wt % of a glycol compound; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a nitrate salt compound; and water, all wt % being based on a total weight of the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition, wherein the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition is formulated to etch a thin film including a single layer made of silver or a silver alloy. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin film includes a single layer made of silver or a silver alloy. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the thin film further includes a indium oxide layer, and the indium oxide layer includes indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thin film includes an indium oxide layer/silver, an indium oxide layer/a silver alloy, an indium oxide layer/silver/an indium oxide layer, or an indium oxide layer/a silver alloy/an indium oxide layer. 5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the silver alloy includes silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), palladium (Pd), neodymium (Nd), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), tungsten (W), protactinium (Pa), aluminum (Al), or titanium (Ti). 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is tilted to have an angle of about 0 to about 60 degrees during the etching of the thin film. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid compound includes at least three different organic acids. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid compound includes acetic acid (CH3CO2H), malic acid (C4H6O5), citric acid (C6H8O7), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), lactic acid (C3H6O3), methyl sulfonic acid (CH4O3S), formic acid (CH2O2), succinic acid (C4H6O4), or fumaric acid (C4H4O4). 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising forming a mask on the thin film according to a shape of the wiring, prior to etching the thin film. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the thin film includes a first layer made of silver or a silver alloy; and at least one second layer provided on or under the first layer and including indium oxide, the method further includes etching the second layer, the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition etches the first layer, and an etchant for etching the second layer is different from the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the etchant for etching the second layer does not etch the first layer and the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition does not etch the second layer. | A phosphoric acid-free etchant composition and a method of forming a wiring, the composition including about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of an organic acid compound; about 6 wt % to about 12 wt % of a glycol compound; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a nitrate salt compound; and water, all wt % being based on a total weight of the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition.1. A method of forming a wiring, the method comprising:
forming a thin film on a substrate; and etching the thin film in a predetermined wiring shape using the etchant composition, wherein the etchant composition is a phosphoric acid-free etchant composition that includes: about 40 wt % to about 60 wt % of an organic acid compound; about 6 wt % to about 12 wt % of a glycol compound; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid; about 1 wt % to about 10 wt % of a nitrate salt compound; and water, all wt % being based on a total weight of the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition, wherein the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition is formulated to etch a thin film including a single layer made of silver or a silver alloy. 2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin film includes a single layer made of silver or a silver alloy. 3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein
the thin film further includes a indium oxide layer, and the indium oxide layer includes indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin zinc oxide (ITZO), or indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO). 4. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the thin film includes an indium oxide layer/silver, an indium oxide layer/a silver alloy, an indium oxide layer/silver/an indium oxide layer, or an indium oxide layer/a silver alloy/an indium oxide layer. 5. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the silver alloy includes silver (Ag) and nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), palladium (Pd), neodymium (Nd), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), magnesium (Mg), tungsten (W), protactinium (Pa), aluminum (Al), or titanium (Ti). 6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the substrate is tilted to have an angle of about 0 to about 60 degrees during the etching of the thin film. 7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid compound includes at least three different organic acids. 8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic acid compound includes acetic acid (CH3CO2H), malic acid (C4H6O5), citric acid (C6H8O7), tartaric acid (C4H6O6), lactic acid (C3H6O3), methyl sulfonic acid (CH4O3S), formic acid (CH2O2), succinic acid (C4H6O4), or fumaric acid (C4H4O4). 9. The method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising forming a mask on the thin film according to a shape of the wiring, prior to etching the thin film. 10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
the thin film includes a first layer made of silver or a silver alloy; and at least one second layer provided on or under the first layer and including indium oxide, the method further includes etching the second layer, the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition etches the first layer, and an etchant for etching the second layer is different from the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition. 11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the etchant for etching the second layer does not etch the first layer and the phosphoric acid-free etchant composition does not etch the second layer. | 1,700 |
349,722 | 350,596 | 16,854,323 | 1,715 | A polymer composite hydrogel includes a polymer composite, water, an organic crosslinker, and a salt. The polymer composite includes a nanosheet filler dispersed throughout a polymerized polyacrylamide. The nanosheet filler includes one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. Further, a weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:9. The polymer composite hydrogel includes 0.5 to 6 weight percent of the polymer composite and 0.25 to 5 weight percent of the salt, the salt being a monovalent salt, a divalent salt, or a combination of monovalent and divalent salts. A method of preparing a polymer composite, a method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications, and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation is also provided. | 1. A polymer composite hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising:
a polymer composite, water, an organic crosslinker, and a salt, wherein,
the polymer composite comprises a nanosheet filler dispersed throughout a polymerized polyacrylamide;
the nanosheet filler comprises non-functionalized graphene;
a weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:9;
the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent of the polymer composite; and
the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.25 to 5 weight percent of the salt, the salt comprising a monovalent salt. 2. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 2 to 4 weight percent of the polymer composite. 3. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the organic cross-linker is a mixture of hydroquinone and hexamethylenetetramine. 4. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises one or both of zirconium hydroxide and hexagonal boron nitride. 5. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.1 to 1 weight percent of the organic cross-linker. 6. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:25. 7. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises zirconium hydroxide. 8. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises zirconium oxide. 9. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises graphene oxide 10. (canceled) 11. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises hexagonal boron nitride. 12. (canceled) 13. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the salt further comprises a divalent salt. | A polymer composite hydrogel includes a polymer composite, water, an organic crosslinker, and a salt. The polymer composite includes a nanosheet filler dispersed throughout a polymerized polyacrylamide. The nanosheet filler includes one or more of zirconium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, graphene oxide, non-functionalized graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride. Further, a weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:9. The polymer composite hydrogel includes 0.5 to 6 weight percent of the polymer composite and 0.25 to 5 weight percent of the salt, the salt being a monovalent salt, a divalent salt, or a combination of monovalent and divalent salts. A method of preparing a polymer composite, a method of preparing a polymer composite hydrogel for water shutoff applications, and the associated method of forming a barrier to shut off or reduce unwanted production of water in a subterranean formation is also provided.1. A polymer composite hydrogel, the hydrogel comprising:
a polymer composite, water, an organic crosslinker, and a salt, wherein,
the polymer composite comprises a nanosheet filler dispersed throughout a polymerized polyacrylamide;
the nanosheet filler comprises non-functionalized graphene;
a weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:9;
the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.5 to 6 weight percent of the polymer composite; and
the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.25 to 5 weight percent of the salt, the salt comprising a monovalent salt. 2. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 2 to 4 weight percent of the polymer composite. 3. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the organic cross-linker is a mixture of hydroquinone and hexamethylenetetramine. 4. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises one or both of zirconium hydroxide and hexagonal boron nitride. 5. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the polymer composite hydrogel comprises 0.1 to 1 weight percent of the organic cross-linker. 6. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the weight ratio of the nanosheet filler to the polymerized polyacrylamide is between 1:99 and 1:25. 7. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises zirconium hydroxide. 8. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises zirconium oxide. 9. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises graphene oxide 10. (canceled) 11. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the nanosheet filler further comprises hexagonal boron nitride. 12. (canceled) 13. The polymer composite hydrogel of claim 1, where the salt further comprises a divalent salt. | 1,700 |
349,723 | 350,597 | 16,854,354 | 1,715 | Liquid ink-receiving layers or films (receiving layers) for direct ink jet printing or ink printing, into which low-viscous liquid (highly fluid) printing media (printing inks) can be introduced according to said printing methods, and which solidify or are able to be solidified at a time subsequent to the ink insertion (retarded). The invention eliminates limitations on the usability of raw materials for ink jet printing or ink printing, especially of film-forming agents but also of pigments and other ingredients. Moreover, corresponding compositions and methods for ink jet printing or ink printing are proposed. | 1. Liquid ink-receiving layer for direct ink jet printing or ink printing, into which liquid printing inks can be introduced and which solidifies or is able to be solidified at a time subsequent to the ink insertion. 2. Method for ink jet printing or ink printing, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
application of a liquid ink-receiving layer or a liquid ink-receiving film, especially a liquid ink-receiving layer according to claim 1, onto a substrate, application, by direct ink jet printing or ink printing, of liquid, in particular highly fluid, printing media, especially printing inks, onto or into the liquid ink-receiving layer or onto or into the liquid ink-receiving film, solidification, especially hardening, of the ink-receiving layer or the ink-receiving film. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that, prior to the solidification of the ink-receiving layer or the ink-receiving film, a reduction in flowability, and especially an immobilization or fixation, of the colorants introduced with the printing media occurs. | Liquid ink-receiving layers or films (receiving layers) for direct ink jet printing or ink printing, into which low-viscous liquid (highly fluid) printing media (printing inks) can be introduced according to said printing methods, and which solidify or are able to be solidified at a time subsequent to the ink insertion (retarded). The invention eliminates limitations on the usability of raw materials for ink jet printing or ink printing, especially of film-forming agents but also of pigments and other ingredients. Moreover, corresponding compositions and methods for ink jet printing or ink printing are proposed.1. Liquid ink-receiving layer for direct ink jet printing or ink printing, into which liquid printing inks can be introduced and which solidifies or is able to be solidified at a time subsequent to the ink insertion. 2. Method for ink jet printing or ink printing, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
application of a liquid ink-receiving layer or a liquid ink-receiving film, especially a liquid ink-receiving layer according to claim 1, onto a substrate, application, by direct ink jet printing or ink printing, of liquid, in particular highly fluid, printing media, especially printing inks, onto or into the liquid ink-receiving layer or onto or into the liquid ink-receiving film, solidification, especially hardening, of the ink-receiving layer or the ink-receiving film. 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that, prior to the solidification of the ink-receiving layer or the ink-receiving film, a reduction in flowability, and especially an immobilization or fixation, of the colorants introduced with the printing media occurs. | 1,700 |
349,724 | 350,598 | 16,854,352 | 1,715 | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for implementing a neural network. In one aspect, the neural network includes a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer. The first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having multiple components. The batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on a current batch of training examples, obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the multiple components and determine respective affine transform parameters for each of the multiple components from the current moving normalization statistics. The batch renormalization layer receives a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch and applies the affine transform to each component of a normalized layer output to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example. | 1. A system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to implement a neural network, the neural network comprising:
a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on a current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the batch renormalization layer is further configured to:
update the current moving normalization statistics for each component using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate updated moving normalization statistics for the component. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein, during the training of the neural network, the system is configured to backpropagate through the current batch normalization statistics as part of adjusting values of parameters of the neural network while treating the moving normalization statistics and the parameters of the transform function as a constant. 4. The system claim 1, wherein the plurality of components are respective dimensions of the first layer outputs. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer is a convolutional layer, wherein the first layer outputs comprise a plurality of feature maps, and wherein each component is a respective feature map. 6. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current moving normalization statistics comprise, for each of the components:
a moving mean of the component for the previous first layer outputs, and
a moving approximated standard deviation for the component of the first layer outputs;
wherein computing a plurality of current batch normalization statistics for the first layer outputs comprises, for each of the components:
computing a mean of the component for the first layer outputs in the current batch; and
computing an approximated standard deviation for the component of the first layer outputs in the current batch. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein normalizing each component of each first layer output comprises:
normalizing the component of the first layer output using the computed mean and computed approximate standard deviation for the component. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein determining respective parameters for a transform function for each of the components comprises, for each component:
determining a first parameter for the component from a ratio between (i) a difference between the mean for the component and the moving mean for the component and (ii) the moving approximated standard deviation for the component; and determining a second parameter for the component from a ratio between the approximated standard deviation for the component and the moving approximated standard deviation for the component. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein applying the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the parameters comprises:
multiplying the component of the normalized layer output by the second parameter for the component to generate a product; and adding the first transform for the component to the product to generate the component of the renormalized layer output. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein values of the first parameter and the second parameter are constrained to fall in a pre-determined range. 11. The system of claim 6, wherein an approximate standard deviation for a component is a square root of a sum of a variance for the component and a pre-determined constant value. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the respective batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer outputs comprises:
transforming, for each component, the component of the renormalized layer output for the training example in accordance with current values of a set of learnable parameters for the component. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, after the neural network has been trained to determine trained values of the learnable parameters for each of the components:
receive a new first layer output generated by the first neural network layer for a new neural network input; normalize each component of the new first layer output using respective pre-computed normalization statistics for the component to generate a new renormalized layer output; generate a new batch renormalization layer output by transforming, for each component, the component of the new renormalized layer output in accordance with the trained values of the set of learnable parameters for the component; and provide the batch renormalization layer output as a new layer input to the second neural network layer. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the pre-computed normalization statistics for the components are final moving normalization statistics after training of the neural network. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the pre-computed normalization statistics for the components are computed from new first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer after the neural network has been trained. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function parameters include a scale parameter and a bias parameter, and wherein determining respective transform function parameters comprises:
determining the scale parameter value to be one and the bias parameter value to be zero if a number of completed training iterations is less than a predetermined threshold number of training iterations. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein generating a renormalized layer output for the training example further comprises:
clipping each component of the renormalized layer output to cause the component to lie in a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein new neural network inputs processed by the neural network after the neural network has been trained are a different type of input than the training examples used to train the neural network. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer generates the first layer outputs by modifying first layer inputs in accordance with current values of a set of parameters for the first neural network layer. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second neural network layer generates second layer outputs by applying a non-linear activation function to the batch renormalization layer outputs. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer generates the first layer outputs by modifying first layer inputs in accordance with current values of a set of parameters to generate modified first layer inputs and then applying a non-linear activation function to the modified first layer inputs. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a feedforward neural network. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a recurrent neural network. 24. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function is an affine function. 25. A method performed by one or more data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
training a neural network on a current batch of training examples, wherein the neural network comprises a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on the current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. 26. One or more non-transitory computer-storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising:
training a neural network on a current batch of training examples, wherein the neural network comprises a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on the current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. | Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for implementing a neural network. In one aspect, the neural network includes a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer. The first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having multiple components. The batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on a current batch of training examples, obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the multiple components and determine respective affine transform parameters for each of the multiple components from the current moving normalization statistics. The batch renormalization layer receives a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch and applies the affine transform to each component of a normalized layer output to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example.1. A system comprising one or more computers and one or more storage devices storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to implement a neural network, the neural network comprising:
a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on a current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the batch renormalization layer is further configured to:
update the current moving normalization statistics for each component using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate updated moving normalization statistics for the component. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein, during the training of the neural network, the system is configured to backpropagate through the current batch normalization statistics as part of adjusting values of parameters of the neural network while treating the moving normalization statistics and the parameters of the transform function as a constant. 4. The system claim 1, wherein the plurality of components are respective dimensions of the first layer outputs. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer is a convolutional layer, wherein the first layer outputs comprise a plurality of feature maps, and wherein each component is a respective feature map. 6. The system of claim 1,
wherein the current moving normalization statistics comprise, for each of the components:
a moving mean of the component for the previous first layer outputs, and
a moving approximated standard deviation for the component of the first layer outputs;
wherein computing a plurality of current batch normalization statistics for the first layer outputs comprises, for each of the components:
computing a mean of the component for the first layer outputs in the current batch; and
computing an approximated standard deviation for the component of the first layer outputs in the current batch. 7. The system of claim 6, wherein normalizing each component of each first layer output comprises:
normalizing the component of the first layer output using the computed mean and computed approximate standard deviation for the component. 8. The system of claim 6, wherein determining respective parameters for a transform function for each of the components comprises, for each component:
determining a first parameter for the component from a ratio between (i) a difference between the mean for the component and the moving mean for the component and (ii) the moving approximated standard deviation for the component; and determining a second parameter for the component from a ratio between the approximated standard deviation for the component and the moving approximated standard deviation for the component. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein applying the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the parameters comprises:
multiplying the component of the normalized layer output by the second parameter for the component to generate a product; and adding the first transform for the component to the product to generate the component of the renormalized layer output. 10. The system of claim 8, wherein values of the first parameter and the second parameter are constrained to fall in a pre-determined range. 11. The system of claim 6, wherein an approximate standard deviation for a component is a square root of a sum of a variance for the component and a pre-determined constant value. 12. The system of claim 1, wherein generating the respective batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer outputs comprises:
transforming, for each component, the component of the renormalized layer output for the training example in accordance with current values of a set of learnable parameters for the component. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, after the neural network has been trained to determine trained values of the learnable parameters for each of the components:
receive a new first layer output generated by the first neural network layer for a new neural network input; normalize each component of the new first layer output using respective pre-computed normalization statistics for the component to generate a new renormalized layer output; generate a new batch renormalization layer output by transforming, for each component, the component of the new renormalized layer output in accordance with the trained values of the set of learnable parameters for the component; and provide the batch renormalization layer output as a new layer input to the second neural network layer. 14. The system of claim 13, wherein the pre-computed normalization statistics for the components are final moving normalization statistics after training of the neural network. 15. The system of claim 13, wherein the pre-computed normalization statistics for the components are computed from new first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer after the neural network has been trained. 16. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function parameters include a scale parameter and a bias parameter, and wherein determining respective transform function parameters comprises:
determining the scale parameter value to be one and the bias parameter value to be zero if a number of completed training iterations is less than a predetermined threshold number of training iterations. 17. The system of claim 1, wherein generating a renormalized layer output for the training example further comprises:
clipping each component of the renormalized layer output to cause the component to lie in a predetermined range. 18. The system of claim 15, wherein new neural network inputs processed by the neural network after the neural network has been trained are a different type of input than the training examples used to train the neural network. 19. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer generates the first layer outputs by modifying first layer inputs in accordance with current values of a set of parameters for the first neural network layer. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the second neural network layer generates second layer outputs by applying a non-linear activation function to the batch renormalization layer outputs. 21. The system of claim 1, wherein the first neural network layer generates the first layer outputs by modifying first layer inputs in accordance with current values of a set of parameters to generate modified first layer inputs and then applying a non-linear activation function to the modified first layer inputs. 22. The system of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a feedforward neural network. 23. The system of claim 1, wherein the neural network is a recurrent neural network. 24. The system of claim 1, wherein the transform function is an affine function. 25. A method performed by one or more data processing apparatus, the method comprising:
training a neural network on a current batch of training examples, wherein the neural network comprises a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on the current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. 26. One or more non-transitory computer-storage media storing instructions that when executed by one or more computers cause the one or more computers to perform operations comprising:
training a neural network on a current batch of training examples, wherein the neural network comprises a batch renormalization layer between a first neural network layer and a second neural network layer, wherein the first neural network layer generates first layer outputs having a plurality of components, and wherein the batch renormalization layer is configured to, during training of the neural network on the current batch of training examples:
obtain respective current moving normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components that are based on previous first layer outputs generated by the first neural network layer during training of the neural network on previous batches of training examples;
receive a respective first layer output for each training example in the current batch;
compute respective current batch normalization statistics for each of the plurality of components from the first layer outputs for the training examples in the current batch;
determine respective transform function parameters for a transform function for each of the plurality of components from the current moving normalization statistics and the current batch normalization statistics; and
for each of the first layer outputs for each of the training examples in the current batch:
normalize each component of the first layer output using the current batch normalization statistics for the component to generate a normalized layer output for the training example,
apply the transform function to each component of the normalized layer output in accordance with the transform function parameters for the component to generate a renormalized layer output for the training example,
generate a batch renormalization layer output for the training example from the renormalized layer output, and
provide the batch renormalization layer output as an input to the second neural network layer. | 1,700 |
349,725 | 350,599 | 16,854,250 | 1,715 | The invention relates to high-frequency amplifier apparatuses suitable for generating power outputs of at least 1 kW at frequencies of at least 2 MHz. The apparatuses include two LDMOS transistors each connected by their source connection to ground. The transistors can have the same design and can be arranged in an assembly (package). The apparatus also includes a circuit board lying against a cooling plate, which can be connected to ground, and the assembly is arranged on or against the circuit board. The apparatuses have a power transformer, whose primary winding is connected to the drain connections of the transistors, and a signal transmitter. A secondary winding of the signal transmitter can be connected to the gate connections of the two transistors. Each of the gate connections can be connected to ground via at least one voltage-limiting structural element. | 1. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a metal cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements,
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein at least one of the voltage-limiters comprises at least one diode. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one diode has a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode is arranged on a gate side and the anode is arranged on a ground side, wherein the gate side includes the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, and the ground side includes at least one of the ground connections. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the voltage-limiters comprises a plurality of diodes connected in series. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of diodes comprise at least two diodes of different types. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of diodes has a reverse recovery time that is less than a quarter of a cycle duration of a driving frequency of the two LDMOS transistors. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one diode is connected to one resistor in series. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal are connected by one or more resistors to a DC voltage source. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more resistors are connected to a common capacitor. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the common capacitor is connected to the DC voltage source, and is configured to discharge a gate capacitance. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power transformer is arranged on the circuit board and the primary winding is formed in a planar manner on the circuit board. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the package has terminals that are contacted on the circuit board. 12. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements,
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein the package is arranged on a substrate, in a housing, or both in a housing and on a substrate. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the housing of the package is arranged in a cut-out in the circuit board. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the package is mounted on a copper plate, and the copper plate and the package are arranged in the cut-out in the circuit board. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cut-out is stepped to be matched to surfaces of the copper plate and the package. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the substrate includes a copper plate, and the package is mounted on the copper plate. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the copper plate has a surface on which the package is mounted, wherein the surface is larger than a surface of the package that faces the cooling plate. 18. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements; and
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein the circuit board is a multi-layered circuit board. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the circuit board has at least one inner layer. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the circuit board has four total layers. | The invention relates to high-frequency amplifier apparatuses suitable for generating power outputs of at least 1 kW at frequencies of at least 2 MHz. The apparatuses include two LDMOS transistors each connected by their source connection to ground. The transistors can have the same design and can be arranged in an assembly (package). The apparatus also includes a circuit board lying against a cooling plate, which can be connected to ground, and the assembly is arranged on or against the circuit board. The apparatuses have a power transformer, whose primary winding is connected to the drain connections of the transistors, and a signal transmitter. A secondary winding of the signal transmitter can be connected to the gate connections of the two transistors. Each of the gate connections can be connected to ground via at least one voltage-limiting structural element.1. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a metal cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements,
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein at least one of the voltage-limiters comprises at least one diode. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one diode has a cathode and an anode, wherein the cathode is arranged on a gate side and the anode is arranged on a ground side, wherein the gate side includes the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal, and the ground side includes at least one of the ground connections. 3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein at least one of the voltage-limiters comprises a plurality of diodes connected in series. 4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the plurality of diodes comprise at least two diodes of different types. 5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein at least one of the plurality of diodes has a reverse recovery time that is less than a quarter of a cycle duration of a driving frequency of the two LDMOS transistors. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one diode is connected to one resistor in series. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first gate terminal and the second gate terminal are connected by one or more resistors to a DC voltage source. 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the one or more resistors are connected to a common capacitor. 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the common capacitor is connected to the DC voltage source, and is configured to discharge a gate capacitance. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the power transformer is arranged on the circuit board and the primary winding is formed in a planar manner on the circuit board. 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the package has terminals that are contacted on the circuit board. 12. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements,
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein the package is arranged on a substrate, in a housing, or both in a housing and on a substrate. 13. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the housing of the package is arranged in a cut-out in the circuit board. 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the package is mounted on a copper plate, and the copper plate and the package are arranged in the cut-out in the circuit board. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the cut-out is stepped to be matched to surfaces of the copper plate and the package. 16. The apparatus of claim 12, wherein the substrate includes a copper plate, and the package is mounted on the copper plate. 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the copper plate has a surface on which the package is mounted, wherein the surface is larger than a surface of the package that faces the cooling plate. 18. A high-frequency amplifier apparatus suitable for generating power for plasma excitation, the apparatus comprising:
two Laterally Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor (LDMOS) transistors each having a drain terminal and a source terminal that is connected to a ground connection point, wherein the LDMOS transistors are embodied alike and are arranged as a package; a circuit board that lies on a cooling plate, wherein the package is arranged on the circuit board; a power transformer including a primary winding connected to the drain terminals of the two LDMOS transistors; and a signal transformer including a secondary winding having a first end and a second end, wherein
the secondary winding is connected at the first end to a first gate terminal of one of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more first resistive elements, and
the secondary winding is connected at the second end to a second gate terminal of the other of the two LDMOS transistors by one or more second resistive elements; and
wherein each of the first gate terminal and second gate terminal is connected to ground by one or more voltage-limiters, and wherein the circuit board is a multi-layered circuit board. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the circuit board has at least one inner layer. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the circuit board has four total layers. | 1,700 |
349,726 | 350,600 | 16,854,316 | 1,715 | A display device includes: a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines; a multi-frequency driver configured to compare image data between adjacent frames to determine a first area of the pixel unit driven at a first refresh rate and a second area of the pixel unit driven at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate; a scan driver configured to sequentially supply scan signals to the scan lines in a first direction, to supply first scan signals of the scan signals to the first area at the first refresh rate, and to supply second scan signals of the scan signals to the second area at the second refresh rate; and a data driver configured to supply a data signal corresponding to the image data to the data lines. | 1. A display device comprising:
a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines; a multi-frequency driver configured to compare image data between adjacent frames to determine a first area of the pixel unit driven at a first refresh rate and a second area of the pixel unit driven at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate; a scan driver configured to sequentially supply scan signals to the scan lines in a first direction, to supply first scan signals of the scan signals to the first area at the first refresh rate, and to supply second scan signals of the scan signals to the second area at the second refresh rate; and a data driver configured to supply a data signal corresponding to the image data to the data lines. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-frequency driver is configured to determine a boundary pixel row, which is a top pixel row of the second area, based on results of comparing the image data during a plurality of frames. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the scan driver is configured to supply the scan signal from the boundary pixel row to a last pixel row at the second refresh rate. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the multi-frequency driver is configured to gradually increase a size of an area driven at the second refresh rate in a second direction opposite to the first direction during a search period for determining the boundary pixel row based on a video being displayed on a portion of the pixel unit. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein
the scan driver is configured to gradually increase a number of the scan lines driven at the second refresh rate during the search period in response to a command of the multi-frequency driver. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-frequency driver comprises: an image analyzer configured to compare image data of a previous frame of an image block included in the pixel unit with image data of a current frame of the image block to determine whether or not the image block is a static image; a block controller configured to determine a size, a number, and a position of the image block in which it is to be determined whether or not the image block is a static image; and a frequency controller configured to apply the second refresh rate to the image block determined as the static image. 7. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine whether or not the first image block and a second image block adjacent to the first image block is a static image based on a first image block being determined to be the static image. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the frequency controller is configured to extend a portion of the pixel unit to which the second refresh rate is applied in the second direction opposite to the first direction, in response to a number of image blocks determined to be the static image. 9. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the block controller is configured to reduce a size of the image block by changing a position of the top pixel row of the image block with respect to the first direction based on the image block being determined to not be the static image. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine whether or not the reduced image block is the static image based on the image block being determined to not be the static image. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the block controller is configured to determine one of a plurality of pixel rows included in the reduced image block as a boundary pixel row which is a top pixel row of the second area, and to determine the second area including the boundary pixel row based on a size of the image block being reduced to less than or equal to a predetermined number of pixel rows. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
the frequency controller is configured to output an initialization signal to initialize the second area and the boundary pixel row based on image data of the second area being changed. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the scan driver is configured to supply the scan signal to the scan lines at the first refresh rate in response to the initialization signal. 14. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine the static image based on a difference between a checksum of the image data of the previous frame of the image block and a checksum of the image data of the current frame of the image block. 15. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first area includes a video, and an image displayed in the second area is a static image. 16. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing controller configured to supply first image data corresponding to the first area to the data driver at the first refresh rate, and to supply second image data corresponding to the second area to the data driver at the second refresh rate; and a processor configured to change some of the second image data to supply the multi-frequency driver when an image change event of the second area occurs. 17. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the data driver is configured to supply the data signal corresponding to the first area to the pixel unit at the first refresh rate, and to supply the data signal corresponding to the second area to the pixel unit at the second refresh rate. 18. A driving method of a display device comprising:
comparing image data of a previous image frame of a first image block with image data of a current image frame of the first image block to determine whether or not the first image block is a static image; driving the first image block at a first refresh rate and reducing a size of the first image block in a first direction, when the first image block is not a static image; determining one of pixel rows included in the reduced first image block to be a boundary pixel row between a static image area and a video area, and determining the static image area including the boundary pixel row; and driving the first image block at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate when the first image block is a static image. 19. The driving method of claim 18, wherein
the determining the static image area further comprises: driving the static image area at the second refresh rate and driving the video area at the first refresh rate, and the static image area includes an area from the boundary pixel row to a last pixel row. 20. The driving method of claim 19, wherein
a size of an area driven at the second refresh rate gradually increases during a search period for determining the boundary pixel row. | A display device includes: a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines; a multi-frequency driver configured to compare image data between adjacent frames to determine a first area of the pixel unit driven at a first refresh rate and a second area of the pixel unit driven at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate; a scan driver configured to sequentially supply scan signals to the scan lines in a first direction, to supply first scan signals of the scan signals to the first area at the first refresh rate, and to supply second scan signals of the scan signals to the second area at the second refresh rate; and a data driver configured to supply a data signal corresponding to the image data to the data lines.1. A display device comprising:
a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines; a multi-frequency driver configured to compare image data between adjacent frames to determine a first area of the pixel unit driven at a first refresh rate and a second area of the pixel unit driven at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate; a scan driver configured to sequentially supply scan signals to the scan lines in a first direction, to supply first scan signals of the scan signals to the first area at the first refresh rate, and to supply second scan signals of the scan signals to the second area at the second refresh rate; and a data driver configured to supply a data signal corresponding to the image data to the data lines. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-frequency driver is configured to determine a boundary pixel row, which is a top pixel row of the second area, based on results of comparing the image data during a plurality of frames. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the scan driver is configured to supply the scan signal from the boundary pixel row to a last pixel row at the second refresh rate. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein
the multi-frequency driver is configured to gradually increase a size of an area driven at the second refresh rate in a second direction opposite to the first direction during a search period for determining the boundary pixel row based on a video being displayed on a portion of the pixel unit. 5. The display device of claim 4, wherein
the scan driver is configured to gradually increase a number of the scan lines driven at the second refresh rate during the search period in response to a command of the multi-frequency driver. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the multi-frequency driver comprises: an image analyzer configured to compare image data of a previous frame of an image block included in the pixel unit with image data of a current frame of the image block to determine whether or not the image block is a static image; a block controller configured to determine a size, a number, and a position of the image block in which it is to be determined whether or not the image block is a static image; and a frequency controller configured to apply the second refresh rate to the image block determined as the static image. 7. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine whether or not the first image block and a second image block adjacent to the first image block is a static image based on a first image block being determined to be the static image. 8. The display device of claim 7, wherein
the frequency controller is configured to extend a portion of the pixel unit to which the second refresh rate is applied in the second direction opposite to the first direction, in response to a number of image blocks determined to be the static image. 9. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the block controller is configured to reduce a size of the image block by changing a position of the top pixel row of the image block with respect to the first direction based on the image block being determined to not be the static image. 10. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine whether or not the reduced image block is the static image based on the image block being determined to not be the static image. 11. The display device of claim 9, wherein
the block controller is configured to determine one of a plurality of pixel rows included in the reduced image block as a boundary pixel row which is a top pixel row of the second area, and to determine the second area including the boundary pixel row based on a size of the image block being reduced to less than or equal to a predetermined number of pixel rows. 12. The display device of claim 11, wherein
the frequency controller is configured to output an initialization signal to initialize the second area and the boundary pixel row based on image data of the second area being changed. 13. The display device of claim 12, wherein
the scan driver is configured to supply the scan signal to the scan lines at the first refresh rate in response to the initialization signal. 14. The display device of claim 6, wherein
the image analyzer is configured to determine the static image based on a difference between a checksum of the image data of the previous frame of the image block and a checksum of the image data of the current frame of the image block. 15. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the first area includes a video, and an image displayed in the second area is a static image. 16. The display device of claim 1, further comprising:
a timing controller configured to supply first image data corresponding to the first area to the data driver at the first refresh rate, and to supply second image data corresponding to the second area to the data driver at the second refresh rate; and a processor configured to change some of the second image data to supply the multi-frequency driver when an image change event of the second area occurs. 17. The display device of claim 1, wherein
the data driver is configured to supply the data signal corresponding to the first area to the pixel unit at the first refresh rate, and to supply the data signal corresponding to the second area to the pixel unit at the second refresh rate. 18. A driving method of a display device comprising:
comparing image data of a previous image frame of a first image block with image data of a current image frame of the first image block to determine whether or not the first image block is a static image; driving the first image block at a first refresh rate and reducing a size of the first image block in a first direction, when the first image block is not a static image; determining one of pixel rows included in the reduced first image block to be a boundary pixel row between a static image area and a video area, and determining the static image area including the boundary pixel row; and driving the first image block at a second refresh rate lower than the first refresh rate when the first image block is a static image. 19. The driving method of claim 18, wherein
the determining the static image area further comprises: driving the static image area at the second refresh rate and driving the video area at the first refresh rate, and the static image area includes an area from the boundary pixel row to a last pixel row. 20. The driving method of claim 19, wherein
a size of an area driven at the second refresh rate gradually increases during a search period for determining the boundary pixel row. | 1,700 |
349,727 | 350,601 | 16,854,326 | 1,715 | Photosensitive lithium zinc aluminosilicate glasses that can be selectively irradiated and cerammed to provide patterned regions of glass and lithium-based glass ceramic, and composite glass articles made from such glasses and glass ceramics are provided. Compressive and tensile stress at the interface of the lithium-based glass-ceramic and lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass may be used to frustrate crack propagation in such a composite glass/glass ceramic article. Methods of making composite glass articles comprising such lithium-based glass ceramics and lithium zinc aluminosilicate glasses are also provided. | 1. A method of making a composite glass article, the composite glass article comprising a lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass and a lithium-based glass ceramic, the lithium-based glass ceramic comprising a ceramic phase, the ceramic phase comprising a lithium aluminosilicate phase having a lithium aluminosilicate β-quartz structure, and residual glass phase, the method comprising:
a. providing a lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass, the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass comprising at least one sensitizing agent and at least one nucleating agent, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is negatively photosensitive;
b. exposing a first region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass to ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength in a range from about 248 nm to about 360 nm, while a second region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass is unexposed to the ultraviolet radiation; and
c. heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass to form the lithium-based glass ceramic in the second region, thereby forming the composite glass article. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass comprises: from about 66 wt % to about 76 wt % SiO2; from about 5 wt % to about 9 wt % Al2O3; from about 5 wt % to about 8 wt % Li2O; from greater than 0 wt % to about 1 wt % K2O; from greater than 0 wt % to about 6 wt % F−; from greater than 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt % CeO2; from greater than 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt % Ag; and from about 6 wt % to about 8 wt % ZnO 3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass comprises heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass at a temperature in a range from about 550° C. to about 650° C. for at least about 2 hours. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensitizing agent comprises at least one of silver and cerium and the at least one nucleating agent comprises at least one halogen. 5. A method of making a composite glass article, the composite glass article comprising a lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass and a lithium-based glass ceramic, the lithium-based glass ceramic comprising a ceramic phase, the ceramic phase comprising a lithium aluminosilicate phase having a lithium aluminosilicate β-quartz structure, and residual glass phase, the method comprising:
a. providing a lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass, the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass comprising at least one sensitizing agent and at least one nucleating agent, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is positively photosensitive;
b. exposing a first region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass with ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength in a range from about 248 nm to about 360 nm while a second region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is unexposed to the ultraviolet radiation;
c. heating the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass at a first temperature for a first time period to reduce silver; and
d. heating the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass at a second temperature for a second time period to form the lithium-based glass ceramic in the first region, thereby forming the composite glass article. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first temperature is in a range from about 550° C. to about 675° C. and the first time period is in a range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours and the second temperature is in a range from about 550° C. to about 675° C. and the second time period is in a range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours. | Photosensitive lithium zinc aluminosilicate glasses that can be selectively irradiated and cerammed to provide patterned regions of glass and lithium-based glass ceramic, and composite glass articles made from such glasses and glass ceramics are provided. Compressive and tensile stress at the interface of the lithium-based glass-ceramic and lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass may be used to frustrate crack propagation in such a composite glass/glass ceramic article. Methods of making composite glass articles comprising such lithium-based glass ceramics and lithium zinc aluminosilicate glasses are also provided.1. A method of making a composite glass article, the composite glass article comprising a lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass and a lithium-based glass ceramic, the lithium-based glass ceramic comprising a ceramic phase, the ceramic phase comprising a lithium aluminosilicate phase having a lithium aluminosilicate β-quartz structure, and residual glass phase, the method comprising:
a. providing a lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass, the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass comprising at least one sensitizing agent and at least one nucleating agent, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is negatively photosensitive;
b. exposing a first region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass to ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength in a range from about 248 nm to about 360 nm, while a second region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass is unexposed to the ultraviolet radiation; and
c. heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass to form the lithium-based glass ceramic in the second region, thereby forming the composite glass article. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass comprises: from about 66 wt % to about 76 wt % SiO2; from about 5 wt % to about 9 wt % Al2O3; from about 5 wt % to about 8 wt % Li2O; from greater than 0 wt % to about 1 wt % K2O; from greater than 0 wt % to about 6 wt % F−; from greater than 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt % CeO2; from greater than 0 wt % to about 0.5 wt % Ag; and from about 6 wt % to about 8 wt % ZnO 3. The method of claim 1, wherein heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass comprises heating the exposed lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass at a temperature in a range from about 550° C. to about 650° C. for at least about 2 hours. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one sensitizing agent comprises at least one of silver and cerium and the at least one nucleating agent comprises at least one halogen. 5. A method of making a composite glass article, the composite glass article comprising a lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass and a lithium-based glass ceramic, the lithium-based glass ceramic comprising a ceramic phase, the ceramic phase comprising a lithium aluminosilicate phase having a lithium aluminosilicate β-quartz structure, and residual glass phase, the method comprising:
a. providing a lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass, the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass comprising at least one sensitizing agent and at least one nucleating agent, wherein the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is positively photosensitive;
b. exposing a first region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass with ultraviolet radiation having a wavelength in a range from about 248 nm to about 360 nm while a second region of the lithium zinc aluminosilicate glass is unexposed to the ultraviolet radiation;
c. heating the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass at a first temperature for a first time period to reduce silver; and
d. heating the lithium zinc aluminosilicate precursor glass at a second temperature for a second time period to form the lithium-based glass ceramic in the first region, thereby forming the composite glass article. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first temperature is in a range from about 550° C. to about 675° C. and the first time period is in a range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours and the second temperature is in a range from about 550° C. to about 675° C. and the second time period is in a range from about 0.5 hours to about 4 hours. | 1,700 |
349,728 | 350,602 | 16,854,356 | 1,715 | An example system for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft includes a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft, a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent, an inlet located downstream of the conduit that is coupled to the conduit and is configured to be attached to a cargo container in the aircraft to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container, a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet, a detector located inside the cargo container, and a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector. | 1. A system for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft, the system comprising:
a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft; a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent; an inlet located downstream of the conduit, wherein the inlet is coupled to the conduit and wherein the inlet is configured to be attached to a cargo container in the aircraft to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container; a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet; a detector located inside the cargo container; and a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the valve to provide a continuous discharge of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a shutoff valve configured to stop delivery of the fire suppression agent through the conduit. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the supply of fire suppressant agent is pressurized, and wherein the discharge rate is based on an amount of opening of the variable flow valve to relieve pressure of the supply of fire suppression agent. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the variable flow valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period, and then to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent, and the system further comprises:
a bypass conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry the fire suppression agent, wherein the inlet is further coupled to the bypass conduit; and a shutoff valve connected to the bypass conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the shutoff valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period through the bypass conduit, and then closes the shutoff valve after the first time period. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the variable flow valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty,
wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the fire suppression agent is a compressed gas. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer controller is a first computer controller, and the system further comprising:
a second computer controller for causing depressurization of one or more compartments of the aircraft after the first computer controller causes delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container. 12. A method for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer controller, an output from a detector located inside a cargo container in the aircraft; and by the computer controller, based on the output received from the detector, responsively controlling operation of a valve, which is connected to a conduit between a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft and an inlet of the cargo container, for delivery of fire suppression agent through the conduit to the inlet and directly into the cargo container. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the valve to continuously discharge the fire suppression agent into the cargo container until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent, and wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period, and then to deliver the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the supply of fire suppressant agent is pressurized, and wherein controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at the first discharge rate comprises controlling an amount of opening of the variable flow valve to relieve pressure of the supply of fire suppression agent. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein a bypass conduit is coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and is configured to carry fire suppression agent, wherein the inlet is further coupled to the bypass conduit, and a shutoff valve is connected to the bypass conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet, and the method further comprises:
controlling operation of the shutoff valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period through the bypass conduit, and then closing the shutoff valve after the first time period. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve, and the method further comprises controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the valve to deliver a compressed gas as the fire suppression agent. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
causing depressurization of one or more compartments of the aircraft after causing delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container. 20. An aircraft comprising:
a cargo compartment configured to store a cargo container; and a system associated with the cargo compartment, the system comprising:
a supply of fire suppressant agent;
a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent;
an inlet located downstream of the conduit, wherein the inlet is coupled to the conduit and wherein the inlet is configured to be attached to the cargo container to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container;
a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet;
a detector located inside the cargo container; and
a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector. | An example system for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft includes a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft, a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent, an inlet located downstream of the conduit that is coupled to the conduit and is configured to be attached to a cargo container in the aircraft to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container, a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet, a detector located inside the cargo container, and a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector.1. A system for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft, the system comprising:
a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft; a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent; an inlet located downstream of the conduit, wherein the inlet is coupled to the conduit and wherein the inlet is configured to be attached to a cargo container in the aircraft to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container; a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet; a detector located inside the cargo container; and a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the valve to provide a continuous discharge of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a shutoff valve configured to stop delivery of the fire suppression agent through the conduit. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent. 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the supply of fire suppressant agent is pressurized, and wherein the discharge rate is based on an amount of opening of the variable flow valve to relieve pressure of the supply of fire suppression agent. 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the variable flow valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period, and then to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent, and the system further comprises:
a bypass conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry the fire suppression agent, wherein the inlet is further coupled to the bypass conduit; and a shutoff valve connected to the bypass conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet. 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the shutoff valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period through the bypass conduit, and then closes the shutoff valve after the first time period. 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the computer controller controls operation of the variable flow valve to provide delivery of the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty,
wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 10. The system of claim 1, wherein the fire suppression agent is a compressed gas. 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer controller is a first computer controller, and the system further comprising:
a second computer controller for causing depressurization of one or more compartments of the aircraft after the first computer controller causes delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container. 12. A method for suppressing a fire condition in an aircraft, the method comprising:
receiving, at a computer controller, an output from a detector located inside a cargo container in the aircraft; and by the computer controller, based on the output received from the detector, responsively controlling operation of a valve, which is connected to a conduit between a supply of fire suppressant agent on-board the aircraft and an inlet of the cargo container, for delivery of fire suppression agent through the conduit to the inlet and directly into the cargo container. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the valve to continuously discharge the fire suppression agent into the cargo container until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty. 14. The method of claim 12, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve configured to vary a discharge rate of the fire suppression agent, and wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period, and then to deliver the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the supply of fire suppressant agent is pressurized, and wherein controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at the first discharge rate comprises controlling an amount of opening of the variable flow valve to relieve pressure of the supply of fire suppression agent. 16. The method of claim 12, wherein a bypass conduit is coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and is configured to carry fire suppression agent, wherein the inlet is further coupled to the bypass conduit, and a shutoff valve is connected to the bypass conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet, and the method further comprises:
controlling operation of the shutoff valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a first discharge rate for a first time period through the bypass conduit, and then closing the shutoff valve after the first time period. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the valve is a variable flow valve, and the method further comprises controlling operation of the variable flow valve to deliver the fire suppression agent at a second discharge rate until the supply of fire suppression agent is substantially empty, wherein the first discharge rate is greater than the second discharge rate. 18. The method of claim 12, wherein controlling operation of the valve comprises controlling operation of the valve to deliver a compressed gas as the fire suppression agent. 19. The method of claim 12, further comprising:
causing depressurization of one or more compartments of the aircraft after causing delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container. 20. An aircraft comprising:
a cargo compartment configured to store a cargo container; and a system associated with the cargo compartment, the system comprising:
a supply of fire suppressant agent;
a conduit coupled to the supply of fire suppressant agent and configured to carry fire suppression agent;
an inlet located downstream of the conduit, wherein the inlet is coupled to the conduit and wherein the inlet is configured to be attached to the cargo container to deliver the fire suppression agent directly into the cargo container;
a valve connected to the conduit between the supply of fire suppressant agent and the inlet;
a detector located inside the cargo container; and
a computer controller in communication with the valve and in communication with the detector, and controlling operation of the valve for delivery of the fire suppression agent into the cargo container based on an output received from the detector. | 1,700 |
349,729 | 350,603 | 16,854,329 | 1,715 | Methods and devices utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) for customization of a device specific air interface configuration in a wireless communication network are provided. An over the air information exchange to facilitate the training of one or more AI/ML modules involves the exchange of AI/ML capability information identifying whether a device supports AI/ML for optimization of the air interface. | 1. A method in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
transmitting, by a first device, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of the first device to a second device over an air interface between the first device and the second device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more air interface components. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises at least one of:
transmitting the information in response to receiving an enquiry; and transmitting the information as part of an initial network access procedure. 6. A method in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a second device, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of a first device over an air interface between the first device and the second device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface; and transmitting an AI/ML training request to the first device based at least in part on the information regarding the AI/ML capability of the first device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein receiving the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises receiving the information as part of an initial network access procedure for the first device. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the AI/ML training request comprises transmitting the AI/ML training request through downlink control information (DCI) on a downlink control channel or RRC signaling or the combination of the DCI and RRC signaling. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising, receiving a training request response from the device confirming that the device has transitioned to an AI/ML training mode. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
transmitting a training termination signal to the first device to indicate that a training phase has finished. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium operatively coupled to the at least one processor, the computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least one processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
transmit, from the apparatus, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of the apparatus to a network device over an air interface between the appatus and the network device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the apparatus identifying whether the apparatus supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the apparatus comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the apparatus is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the apparatus assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the apparatus supports AI/ML optimization. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the apparatus supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the apparatus supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. 18. A network apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium operatively coupled to the at least processor, the computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
receive, by the network apparatus information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of a first device over an air interface between the first device and the network apparatus, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface; and
transmit an AI/ML training request to the first device based at least in part on the information regarding the AI/ML capability of the first device. 19. The network apparatus of claim 18, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 20. The network apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 21. The network apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. | Methods and devices utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) for customization of a device specific air interface configuration in a wireless communication network are provided. An over the air information exchange to facilitate the training of one or more AI/ML modules involves the exchange of AI/ML capability information identifying whether a device supports AI/ML for optimization of the air interface.1. A method in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
transmitting, by a first device, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of the first device to a second device over an air interface between the first device and the second device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more air interface components. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises at least one of:
transmitting the information in response to receiving an enquiry; and transmitting the information as part of an initial network access procedure. 6. A method in a wireless communication network, the method comprising:
receiving, by a second device, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of a first device over an air interface between the first device and the second device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface; and transmitting an AI/ML training request to the first device based at least in part on the information regarding the AI/ML capability of the first device. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 9. The method of claim 7, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein receiving the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises receiving the information as part of an initial network access procedure for the first device. 11. The method of claim 6, wherein transmitting the AI/ML training request comprises transmitting the AI/ML training request through downlink control information (DCI) on a downlink control channel or RRC signaling or the combination of the DCI and RRC signaling. 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising, receiving a training request response from the device confirming that the device has transitioned to an AI/ML training mode. 13. The method of claim 6, further comprising:
transmitting a training termination signal to the first device to indicate that a training phase has finished. 14. An apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium operatively coupled to the at least one processor, the computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least one processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
transmit, from the apparatus, information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of the apparatus to a network device over an air interface between the appatus and the network device, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the apparatus identifying whether the apparatus supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface. 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the apparatus comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the apparatus is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the apparatus assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the apparatus supports AI/ML optimization. 16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the apparatus supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the apparatus supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. 18. A network apparatus comprising:
at least one processor; and a computer readable storage medium operatively coupled to the at least processor, the computer readable storage medium storing programming for execution by the at least processor, the programming comprising instructions to:
receive, by the network apparatus information regarding an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI/ML) capability of a first device over an air interface between the first device and the network apparatus, the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device identifying whether the first device supports AI/ML for optimization of at least one air interface component over the air interface; and
transmit an AI/ML training request to the first device based at least in part on the information regarding the AI/ML capability of the first device. 19. The network apparatus of claim 18, wherein the information regarding an AI/ML capability of the first device comprises information indicating at least one of the following:
the first device is capable of supporting a type and/or level of complexity of AI/ML; whether the first device assists with an AI/ML training process for optimization of the at least one air interface component; at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization. 20. The network apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one component of the at least one air interface component includes at least one of a coding component, a modulation component and a waveform component. 21. The network apparatus of claim 19, wherein the information indicating at least one component of the at least one air interface component for which the first device supports AI/ML optimization further comprises information indicating whether the first device supports joint optimization of two or more components of the at least one air interface component. | 1,700 |
349,730 | 350,604 | 16,854,374 | 1,715 | A bracket (20) includes: a pedestal (21, 22) that is mountable on a support frame (2) of a work stand (1) for supporting a saw (60); and first and second engaging parts (38A, 38B) arranged on the pedestal to sandwich the support frame in a horizontal direction and engage with first and second engagement parts (8A, 8B) on opposite sides of the support frame. The second engaging part includes first and second levers (41, 42). The pedestal is movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating only the first lever to disengage it from the second engagement part (8B) and is removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first and second levers in the same direction to disengage them from the second engagement part. The first and second levers both move in the same opposite direction to engage the second engagement part. | 1. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: the second engaging part comprises first and second manipulation parts configured to be manipulated to selectively engage with and disengage from the second engagement part; the pedestal is disengageable from the second engagement part and removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part; both of the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part move in a first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in a second direction to disengage from the second engagement part, the first direction being opposite of the second direction; and the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part are configured such that manipulation of only the first manipulation part to move the first manipulation part in the second direction causes movement of the second manipulation part to be blocked in the second direction. 2. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; the second manipulation part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center; and both of the first lever and the second lever are pivotable relative to the pedestal in the same first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in the same second direction to disengage from the second engagement part. 3. The work stand bracket according to claim 2, wherein:
the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction; and at least one contact portion is defined on the first lever and is arranged to make contact with the second lever when only the first lever alone is pivoted in the second direction to thereby block the second lever from pivoting in the second direction. 4. The work stand bracket according to claim 3, wherein in a state that the first lever has been pivoted in the second direction, the at least one contact portion is configured to pivotably bias the second lever in the first direction toward the second engagement part. 5. The work stand bracket according to claim 4, wherein:
the at least one contact portion includes a flat surface that is parallel to the longitudinal and horizontal directions in a resting state of the first lever; the flat surface of the at least one contact portion is configured to move from being parallel to the longitudinal and horizontal directions in the resting state of the first lever to being oblique relative to the longitudinal and horizontal directions as the first lever is pivoted away from the resting state in the second direction; and when the first lever is in the oblique state, the flat surface pivotably biases the second lever in the first direction. 6. The work stand bracket according to claim 5, wherein the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating only the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part while the second manipulation part continues to block detachment of the work stand bracket from the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction. 7. The work stand bracket according to claim 6, further comprising:
a coil spring attached to the pedestal and pivotably biasing a second end portion of the first lever in the first direction toward the resting state of the first lever; a torsion spring attached to the pedestal and pivotably biasing the second lever in the first direction; wherein: the first engaging part has a claw that is complementary to the first engagement part of the support frame such that the claw is capable of engaging the first engagement part of the support frame; the first lever has a first catch part that is complementary to the second engagement part of the support frame such that the first catch part is capable of engaging the second engagement part of the support frame; and the second lever has a second catch part that is complementary to the second engagement part of the support frame such that the second catch part is capable of engaging the second engagement part of the support frame. 8. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part. 9. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 1; the support frame; and the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; wherein: the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. 10. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: the second engaging part comprises first and second manipulation parts configured to be manipulated to selectively engage with and disengage from the second engagement part; the pedestal is disengageable from the second engagement part and removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part; both of the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part move in a first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in a second direction to disengage from the second engagement part, the first direction being opposite of the second direction; and the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part. 11. The work stand bracket according to claim 10, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; the second manipulation part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center; and both of the first lever and the second lever are pivotable relative to the pedestal in the same first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in the same second direction to disengage from the second engagement part. 12. The work stand bracket according to claim 11, wherein:
the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction; at least one first stopper is defined on the first lever; at least one second stopper is defined on the second lever; and the at least one first stopper is arranged to contact the at least one second stopper to block further pivoting of both the first lever and the second lever in response to only one of the first lever and the second lever being pivoted in the second direction. 13. The work stand bracket according to claim 12, wherein:
the second lever is disposed within a slit defined in the first lever; and the slit is oriented in the horizontal direction. 14. The work stand bracket according to claim 11, wherein the first lever and the second lever are configured such that manipulation of only the first lever to pivot the first lever in the second direction causes pivoting of the second lever to be blocked in the second direction. 15. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 10; the support frame; the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; and wherein the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. 16. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: at least one of the first and second engaging parts comprises a manipulation part configured to be manipulated to engage with and disengage from the second engagement part, and a restricting part configured to restrict a range of movement of the manipulation part in response to movement of only the manipulation part without moving the restricting part; and the pedestal is configured to be removable from the support frame by simultaneously moving both the manipulation part and the restricting part in the same direction. 17. The work stand bracket according to claim 16, wherein the manipulation part and the restricting part are configured such that movement of only the manipulation part in a direction away from the second engagement part brings the manipulation part into contact with the restricting part, thereby restricting further movement of the manipulation part in the direction away from the second engagement part. 18. The work stand bracket according to claim 17, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; and the restricting part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center. 19. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction. 20. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 16; the support frame; and the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; wherein: the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. | A bracket (20) includes: a pedestal (21, 22) that is mountable on a support frame (2) of a work stand (1) for supporting a saw (60); and first and second engaging parts (38A, 38B) arranged on the pedestal to sandwich the support frame in a horizontal direction and engage with first and second engagement parts (8A, 8B) on opposite sides of the support frame. The second engaging part includes first and second levers (41, 42). The pedestal is movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating only the first lever to disengage it from the second engagement part (8B) and is removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first and second levers in the same direction to disengage them from the second engagement part. The first and second levers both move in the same opposite direction to engage the second engagement part.1. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: the second engaging part comprises first and second manipulation parts configured to be manipulated to selectively engage with and disengage from the second engagement part; the pedestal is disengageable from the second engagement part and removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part; both of the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part move in a first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in a second direction to disengage from the second engagement part, the first direction being opposite of the second direction; and the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part are configured such that manipulation of only the first manipulation part to move the first manipulation part in the second direction causes movement of the second manipulation part to be blocked in the second direction. 2. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; the second manipulation part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center; and both of the first lever and the second lever are pivotable relative to the pedestal in the same first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in the same second direction to disengage from the second engagement part. 3. The work stand bracket according to claim 2, wherein:
the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction; and at least one contact portion is defined on the first lever and is arranged to make contact with the second lever when only the first lever alone is pivoted in the second direction to thereby block the second lever from pivoting in the second direction. 4. The work stand bracket according to claim 3, wherein in a state that the first lever has been pivoted in the second direction, the at least one contact portion is configured to pivotably bias the second lever in the first direction toward the second engagement part. 5. The work stand bracket according to claim 4, wherein:
the at least one contact portion includes a flat surface that is parallel to the longitudinal and horizontal directions in a resting state of the first lever; the flat surface of the at least one contact portion is configured to move from being parallel to the longitudinal and horizontal directions in the resting state of the first lever to being oblique relative to the longitudinal and horizontal directions as the first lever is pivoted away from the resting state in the second direction; and when the first lever is in the oblique state, the flat surface pivotably biases the second lever in the first direction. 6. The work stand bracket according to claim 5, wherein the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating only the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part while the second manipulation part continues to block detachment of the work stand bracket from the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to both the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction. 7. The work stand bracket according to claim 6, further comprising:
a coil spring attached to the pedestal and pivotably biasing a second end portion of the first lever in the first direction toward the resting state of the first lever; a torsion spring attached to the pedestal and pivotably biasing the second lever in the first direction; wherein: the first engaging part has a claw that is complementary to the first engagement part of the support frame such that the claw is capable of engaging the first engagement part of the support frame; the first lever has a first catch part that is complementary to the second engagement part of the support frame such that the first catch part is capable of engaging the second engagement part of the support frame; and the second lever has a second catch part that is complementary to the second engagement part of the support frame such that the second catch part is capable of engaging the second engagement part of the support frame. 8. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part. 9. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 1; the support frame; and the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; wherein: the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. 10. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: the second engaging part comprises first and second manipulation parts configured to be manipulated to selectively engage with and disengage from the second engagement part; the pedestal is disengageable from the second engagement part and removable from the support frame by simultaneously manipulating both the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part; both of the first manipulation part and the second manipulation part move in a first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in a second direction to disengage from the second engagement part, the first direction being opposite of the second direction; and the pedestal is configured to be movable along the longitudinal direction of the support frame by manipulating the first manipulation part in the second direction to disengage the first manipulation part from the second engagement part. 11. The work stand bracket according to claim 10, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; the second manipulation part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center; and both of the first lever and the second lever are pivotable relative to the pedestal in the same first direction to engage with the second engagement part and in the same second direction to disengage from the second engagement part. 12. The work stand bracket according to claim 11, wherein:
the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction; at least one first stopper is defined on the first lever; at least one second stopper is defined on the second lever; and the at least one first stopper is arranged to contact the at least one second stopper to block further pivoting of both the first lever and the second lever in response to only one of the first lever and the second lever being pivoted in the second direction. 13. The work stand bracket according to claim 12, wherein:
the second lever is disposed within a slit defined in the first lever; and the slit is oriented in the horizontal direction. 14. The work stand bracket according to claim 11, wherein the first lever and the second lever are configured such that manipulation of only the first lever to pivot the first lever in the second direction causes pivoting of the second lever to be blocked in the second direction. 15. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 10; the support frame; the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; and wherein the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. 16. A work stand bracket for securing a base of a power tool to a support frame of a work stand supported by legs, the support frame extending in a longitudinal direction and having first and second engagement parts extending in the longitudinal direction and defined on opposite sides of the support frame in a horizontal direction, the work stand bracket comprising:
a pedestal having a first side configured to be removably mounted on the support frame and a second side configured to be fixed to the base of the power tool; and first and second engaging parts provided on the pedestal in a spaced apart arrangement such that the first and second engaging parts are configured to sandwich the opposite sides of the support frame in the horizontal direction, the first and second engaging parts being configured to respectively engage the first and second engagement parts; wherein: at least one of the first and second engaging parts comprises a manipulation part configured to be manipulated to engage with and disengage from the second engagement part, and a restricting part configured to restrict a range of movement of the manipulation part in response to movement of only the manipulation part without moving the restricting part; and the pedestal is configured to be removable from the support frame by simultaneously moving both the manipulation part and the restricting part in the same direction. 17. The work stand bracket according to claim 16, wherein the manipulation part and the restricting part are configured such that movement of only the manipulation part in a direction away from the second engagement part brings the manipulation part into contact with the restricting part, thereby restricting further movement of the manipulation part in the direction away from the second engagement part. 18. The work stand bracket according to claim 17, wherein:
the first manipulation part comprises a first lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a first pivot center; and the restricting part comprises a second lever having a first end portion pivotably coupled to the pedestal at a second pivot center that is spaced apart from the first pivot center. 19. The work stand bracket according to claim 1, wherein the first pivot center is spaced apart from the second pivot center in the horizontal direction. 20. A work stand, comprising:
the work stand bracket according to claim 16; the support frame; and the legs supporting the support frame in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and the horizontal direction; wherein: the work stand bracket is detachably mounted on the support frame; and the base of the power tool is fixed to the work stand bracket. | 1,700 |
349,731 | 350,605 | 16,854,366 | 1,715 | A sterile bag for covering medical equipment comprises: a barrier section, a flexible body section, and an attaching section. The flexible body section has a tubular shape extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end. The barrier section is coupled to the proximal end, and the attaching section is formed at the distal end of the flexible body section. The barrier section is a rigid or semirigid component which attaches the sterile bag to a sterile component or to an unsterile component of the medical equipment in a pleaded or folded state. The flexible body section is configured to be deployed over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component. The unsterile component is connectable to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier section. | 1. A sterile cover for covering medical equipment, comprising:
a barrier section having a central opening; and a flexible body section coupled to the barrier section, the flexible body section extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end, wherein the barrier section is coupled to the flexible body section at the proximal end thereof and the barrier section is configured to preload the sterile cover to a sterile component or to attach the sterile cover to an unsterile component of the medical equipment, wherein the flexible body section is configured to be deployed over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component, and wherein the unsterile component is connectable to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier section. 2. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is configured to be preloaded to the sterile component, and wherein the sterile cover is preloaded by sliding the central opening of the barrier section onto a connecting portion of the sterile component that mates with the unsterile component. 3. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is configured to be temporarily affixed to the unsterile component in a pleated or folded state such that the sterile cover can be removed from the unsterile component and replaced with a different sterile cover at any time before or after deployment, or at any time before or after engagement of the sterile and unsterile components. 4. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is a first sterile cover configured to be temporarily affixed to the sterile component or the unsterile component in a pleated or folded state such that the first sterile cover can be enclosed with a second sterile cover at any time after deployment of the first sterile cover. 5. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is configured to be temporarily affixed to a connecting portion of the sterile component that mates with the unsterile component, such that the barrier section can be removed and replaced without necessitating removal of the flexible body section following deployment of the sterile cover. 6. The sterile cover according to claim 1, further comprising:
an attaching section provided at the distal end of the flexible body section, the attaching section configured to provide an interface for an unsterile user to deploy the sterile cover over the unsterile component without coming into contact with sterile surfaces, and for securing the distal end of the flexible body section following deployment, thereby preventing contact with unsterile surfaces. 7. The sterile cover according to claim 6,
wherein the attaching section includes one or more tabs arranged at the distal end of the flexible body section around the open end thereof, and wherein the one or more tabs are configured to be attached to an unsterile surface of the medical equipment. 8. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is a rigid or semirigid component having a through hole configured to tightly fit over a connecting portion of the sterile component. 9. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the barrier section includes a plurality of perforations surrounding radially the through hole. 10. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the through hole is the central opening having a diameter smaller than a diameter of a junction element of the sterile component, and wherein the barrier section includes a plurality of flexible branches surrounding radially the through hole. 11. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the through hole is the central opening having a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of a junction element of the sterile component, and wherein the barrier section includes one or more circular cutouts or sectors which function as a locking mechanism configured to engage with one or more keys formed in the junction element of the sterile component. 12. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is an adhesive-backed rigid or semirigid component having a through hole, wherein the adhesive-backed rigid or semirigid component is configured to be temporarily attached to a distal end of the unsterile component, and wherein the through hole aligned with a connecting portion of the sterile component. 13. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible body section is a long tubular plastic bag with a hole in the bottom of the plastic bag, and the hole in the bottom of the plastic bag is the central opening of the barrier section, and wherein the sterile component is connected to the unsterile component through the hole in the bottom of the plastic bag. 14. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible body section has a tubular shape configured to fit over the unsterile component. 15. The sterile cover according to claim 6,
wherein the attaching section includes a ring shaped structure arranged at the distal end of the flexible body section around the open end thereof, and wherein the ring shaped structure has one or more holes configured to be engaged to an unsterile surface of the medical equipment. 16. A sterile barrier/drape configured to be preloaded to a sterile component or an unsterile component which are to be mated or engaged to each other, the sterile barrier comprising:
a barrier component having a central opening; and a flexible body coupled to the barrier component, the flexible body having a hollow passage extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end, wherein the barrier component is coupled to the flexible body at the proximal end thereof and the central opening of the barrier component is configured to couple the sterile barrier/drape to the sterile component or the unsterile component; and wherein the flexible body is configured to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component removably connected to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier component. 17. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16,
wherein the sterile barrier/drape is a first sterile barrier/drape configured to be temporarily affixed to a sterile component, and configured to be removed from the sterile component and replaced or just replaced with a second sterile barrier/drape at any point before or after barrier deployment and sterile and unsterile components mating. 18. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16,
wherein the sterile barrier/drape is configured such that a sterile component can be removed and replaced without necessitating removal of the sterile barrier/drape following barrier/drape deployment. 19. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16, wherein the sterile barrier/drape has a tubular opening having the proximal and distal ends, and
further comprising: a fixture on the distal end of the sterile barrier/drape for use in providing an interface for an unsterile user to deploy the sterile barrier/drape without coming into contact with sterile surfaces and securing the distal end of the sterile barrier/drape following deployment, preventing contact with unsterile surfaces. 20. A method of providing a sterile barrier/drape preloaded to a sterile component or attachable to an unsterile component of medical equipment, the method comprising:
providing the sterile barrier/drape with a barrier section and a flexible body section coupled to the barrier section; the barrier section having a central opening, and the flexible body section having a tubular shape extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end; preloading the barrier section onto the sterile component by sliding the central opening of the barrier section onto a connecting portion of the sterile component or preloading the barrier section onto the unsterile component by attaching the barrier section onto a distal end of the unsterile component which is aligned the connecting portion of the sterile component; and deploying the flexible body section over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface of the flexible body section the unsterile component in parallel with connecting the sterile component to the unsterile component through the central opening of the barrier section. 21. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after deployment of the flexible body section over the unsterile component, removing and replacing or only replacing the barrier section without removing the flexible body section. 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after deployment of the flexible body section over the unsterile component, removing and replacing or only replacing the barrier section and/or the flexible body section without disconnecting the sterile component from the unsterile component. | A sterile bag for covering medical equipment comprises: a barrier section, a flexible body section, and an attaching section. The flexible body section has a tubular shape extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end. The barrier section is coupled to the proximal end, and the attaching section is formed at the distal end of the flexible body section. The barrier section is a rigid or semirigid component which attaches the sterile bag to a sterile component or to an unsterile component of the medical equipment in a pleaded or folded state. The flexible body section is configured to be deployed over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component. The unsterile component is connectable to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier section.1. A sterile cover for covering medical equipment, comprising:
a barrier section having a central opening; and a flexible body section coupled to the barrier section, the flexible body section extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end, wherein the barrier section is coupled to the flexible body section at the proximal end thereof and the barrier section is configured to preload the sterile cover to a sterile component or to attach the sterile cover to an unsterile component of the medical equipment, wherein the flexible body section is configured to be deployed over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component, and wherein the unsterile component is connectable to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier section. 2. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is configured to be preloaded to the sterile component, and wherein the sterile cover is preloaded by sliding the central opening of the barrier section onto a connecting portion of the sterile component that mates with the unsterile component. 3. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is configured to be temporarily affixed to the unsterile component in a pleated or folded state such that the sterile cover can be removed from the unsterile component and replaced with a different sterile cover at any time before or after deployment, or at any time before or after engagement of the sterile and unsterile components. 4. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the sterile cover is a first sterile cover configured to be temporarily affixed to the sterile component or the unsterile component in a pleated or folded state such that the first sterile cover can be enclosed with a second sterile cover at any time after deployment of the first sterile cover. 5. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is configured to be temporarily affixed to a connecting portion of the sterile component that mates with the unsterile component, such that the barrier section can be removed and replaced without necessitating removal of the flexible body section following deployment of the sterile cover. 6. The sterile cover according to claim 1, further comprising:
an attaching section provided at the distal end of the flexible body section, the attaching section configured to provide an interface for an unsterile user to deploy the sterile cover over the unsterile component without coming into contact with sterile surfaces, and for securing the distal end of the flexible body section following deployment, thereby preventing contact with unsterile surfaces. 7. The sterile cover according to claim 6,
wherein the attaching section includes one or more tabs arranged at the distal end of the flexible body section around the open end thereof, and wherein the one or more tabs are configured to be attached to an unsterile surface of the medical equipment. 8. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is a rigid or semirigid component having a through hole configured to tightly fit over a connecting portion of the sterile component. 9. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the barrier section includes a plurality of perforations surrounding radially the through hole. 10. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the through hole is the central opening having a diameter smaller than a diameter of a junction element of the sterile component, and wherein the barrier section includes a plurality of flexible branches surrounding radially the through hole. 11. The sterile cover according to claim 8,
wherein the through hole is the central opening having a diameter substantially equal to a diameter of a junction element of the sterile component, and wherein the barrier section includes one or more circular cutouts or sectors which function as a locking mechanism configured to engage with one or more keys formed in the junction element of the sterile component. 12. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the barrier section is an adhesive-backed rigid or semirigid component having a through hole, wherein the adhesive-backed rigid or semirigid component is configured to be temporarily attached to a distal end of the unsterile component, and wherein the through hole aligned with a connecting portion of the sterile component. 13. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible body section is a long tubular plastic bag with a hole in the bottom of the plastic bag, and the hole in the bottom of the plastic bag is the central opening of the barrier section, and wherein the sterile component is connected to the unsterile component through the hole in the bottom of the plastic bag. 14. The sterile cover according to claim 1,
wherein the flexible body section has a tubular shape configured to fit over the unsterile component. 15. The sterile cover according to claim 6,
wherein the attaching section includes a ring shaped structure arranged at the distal end of the flexible body section around the open end thereof, and wherein the ring shaped structure has one or more holes configured to be engaged to an unsterile surface of the medical equipment. 16. A sterile barrier/drape configured to be preloaded to a sterile component or an unsterile component which are to be mated or engaged to each other, the sterile barrier comprising:
a barrier component having a central opening; and a flexible body coupled to the barrier component, the flexible body having a hollow passage extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end, wherein the barrier component is coupled to the flexible body at the proximal end thereof and the central opening of the barrier component is configured to couple the sterile barrier/drape to the sterile component or the unsterile component; and wherein the flexible body is configured to enclose within the inner surface thereof the unsterile component removably connected to the sterile component through the central opening of the barrier component. 17. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16,
wherein the sterile barrier/drape is a first sterile barrier/drape configured to be temporarily affixed to a sterile component, and configured to be removed from the sterile component and replaced or just replaced with a second sterile barrier/drape at any point before or after barrier deployment and sterile and unsterile components mating. 18. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16,
wherein the sterile barrier/drape is configured such that a sterile component can be removed and replaced without necessitating removal of the sterile barrier/drape following barrier/drape deployment. 19. The sterile barrier/drape according to claim 16, wherein the sterile barrier/drape has a tubular opening having the proximal and distal ends, and
further comprising: a fixture on the distal end of the sterile barrier/drape for use in providing an interface for an unsterile user to deploy the sterile barrier/drape without coming into contact with sterile surfaces and securing the distal end of the sterile barrier/drape following deployment, preventing contact with unsterile surfaces. 20. A method of providing a sterile barrier/drape preloaded to a sterile component or attachable to an unsterile component of medical equipment, the method comprising:
providing the sterile barrier/drape with a barrier section and a flexible body section coupled to the barrier section; the barrier section having a central opening, and the flexible body section having a tubular shape extending from a proximal end to a distal end thereof, and having an outer surface, an inner surface, and an open end; preloading the barrier section onto the sterile component by sliding the central opening of the barrier section onto a connecting portion of the sterile component or preloading the barrier section onto the unsterile component by attaching the barrier section onto a distal end of the unsterile component which is aligned the connecting portion of the sterile component; and deploying the flexible body section over the unsterile component so as to enclose within the inner surface of the flexible body section the unsterile component in parallel with connecting the sterile component to the unsterile component through the central opening of the barrier section. 21. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after deployment of the flexible body section over the unsterile component, removing and replacing or only replacing the barrier section without removing the flexible body section. 22. The method according to claim 19, further comprising:
after deployment of the flexible body section over the unsterile component, removing and replacing or only replacing the barrier section and/or the flexible body section without disconnecting the sterile component from the unsterile component. | 1,700 |
349,732 | 350,606 | 16,854,373 | 1,715 | Location-based filtering and advertising enhancements for merged browsing of network content are described herein. In various embodiments, a client device may obtain its geographic location and provide that location to a server for filtering by the server of network content fragment suggestions based at least in part on the location. The client device may then receive some or all of the filtered suggestions for utilization in merged browsing. In some embodiments, a server may further receive an indicator of content being browsed. In response, the server may determine network content fragment suggestions, and may also determine an additional suggestion or prioritize a suggestion based an advertiser's interest. The server may then provide the suggestions and/or prioritization to the client device. In various embodiments, the server may also provide the advertisement(s) for display in a user interface of the client device along with the (prioritized) suggestions. | 1. A client device for browsing, the client device comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memories having a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the client device to:
determine a geographic location of the client device;
determine an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device;
transmit the geographic location and the indicator to a server;
identify, based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and
display the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device. 2. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 3. The client device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of instructions further causes the client device to:
send an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receive a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 4. The client device of claim 1, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 5. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 6. The client device of claim 1, wherein to identify the second content and the visual component comprises to identify the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 7. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. 8. One or more machine-readable storage media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a client device, causes the client device to:
determine a geographic location of the client device; determine an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device; transmit the geographic location and the indicator to a server; identify, based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and display the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device. 9. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 10. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the plurality of instructions further causes the client device to:
send an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receive a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 11. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 12. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 13. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein to identify the second content and the visual component comprises to identify the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 14. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. 15. A method comprising:
determining, by a client device, a geographic location of the client device; determining, by the client device, an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device; transmitting, by the client device, the geographic location and the indicator to a server; identifying, by the client device and based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and displaying, by the client device, the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
sending an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receiving a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying the second content and the visual component comprises identifying the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. | Location-based filtering and advertising enhancements for merged browsing of network content are described herein. In various embodiments, a client device may obtain its geographic location and provide that location to a server for filtering by the server of network content fragment suggestions based at least in part on the location. The client device may then receive some or all of the filtered suggestions for utilization in merged browsing. In some embodiments, a server may further receive an indicator of content being browsed. In response, the server may determine network content fragment suggestions, and may also determine an additional suggestion or prioritize a suggestion based an advertiser's interest. The server may then provide the suggestions and/or prioritization to the client device. In various embodiments, the server may also provide the advertisement(s) for display in a user interface of the client device along with the (prioritized) suggestions.1. A client device for browsing, the client device comprising:
one or more processors; and one or more memories having a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the client device to:
determine a geographic location of the client device;
determine an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device;
transmit the geographic location and the indicator to a server;
identify, based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and
display the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device. 2. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 3. The client device of claim 2, wherein the plurality of instructions further causes the client device to:
send an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receive a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 4. The client device of claim 1, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 5. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 6. The client device of claim 1, wherein to identify the second content and the visual component comprises to identify the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 7. The client device of claim 1, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. 8. One or more machine-readable storage media comprising a plurality of instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a client device, causes the client device to:
determine a geographic location of the client device; determine an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device; transmit the geographic location and the indicator to a server; identify, based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and display the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device. 9. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 10. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 9, wherein the plurality of instructions further causes the client device to:
send an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receive a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 11. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 12. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 13. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein to identify the second content and the visual component comprises to identify the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 14. The one or more machine-readable storage media of claim 8, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. 15. A method comprising:
determining, by a client device, a geographic location of the client device; determining, by the client device, an indicator associated with a first content for display on a graphical user interface of the client device; transmitting, by the client device, the geographic location and the indicator to a server; identifying, by the client device and based on the geographic location and the indicator, a second content and a visual component representative of the second content received from the server; and displaying, by the client device, the visual component and the first content for display contemporaneously on a graphical user interface of the client device, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content on the graphical user interface. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:
sending an indication of a selection of the visual component from the client device to the server; and receiving a notification, from the server, an advertiser associated with the selection of the visual component in response to the indication. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the second content comprises an advertisement. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual component is selectable to display the second content contemporaneously with the display of the first content. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein identifying the second content and the visual component comprises identifying the second content and the visual component received from the server contemporaneously. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the visual component corresponds with a region of the graphical user interface. | 1,700 |
349,733 | 350,607 | 16,854,380 | 3,668 | A method for fusing a first occupancy map and a second occupancy map comprises: determining at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map and determining a fused occupancy map representing free and occupied space around the vehicle. The fused occupancy map is determined based on the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map, and a fusion rule. The fusion rule is configured to control the influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map based on the at least one fusion parameter. | 1. A computer implemented method for fusing a first occupancy map and a second occupancy map
the first occupancy map representing free and occupied space around a vehicle at a first time instance and the second occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a second time instance,
the method comprising:
determining at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map;
determining a fused occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle, wherein the fused occupancy map is determined on the basis of the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map and a fusion rule, the fusion rule being configured to control an influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map based on the at least one fusion parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one fusion parameter is based on an estimated motion of the vehicle with respect to the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the at least one fusion parameter comprises taking an expected error of the estimated motion of the vehicle into account in dependence on the estimated motion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the estimated motion of the vehicle comprises an estimated linear velocity of the vehicle and/or an estimated yaw rate of the vehicle. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein
determining the fusion parameter is based on a plurality of predetermined calculation rules, each of the calculation rules is associated with a predetermined condition of the estimated motion of the vehicle, a respective one of the calculation rules is selected for determining the at least one fusion parameter, and the respective calculation rule is selected with respect to the estimated motion of the vehicle meeting the predetermined condition associated with the respective calculation rule. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein
the calculation rules comprise at least a first calculation rule and a second calculation rule, the first calculation rule is associated with a first condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a non-linear course, and the second calculation rule is associated with a second condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a linear course. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the calculation rules comprise a third calculation rule associated with a third condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein at least one of the calculation rules comprises an offset term which is non-zero if the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the fusion rule is configured such that the influence of one of the first and second occupancy maps on the fused occupancy map is increased relative to the influence of the other one of the first and second occupancy maps in dependence on the potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map represented by the fusion parameter, and the fused occupancy map represents the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a third time instance being closer or equal to the respective first or second time instance associated with the one of the first and second occupancy map. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first occupancy map is divided into a plurality of cells, each of the cells associated with a probabilistic value representing a ratio between a probability that the respective cell is occupied and a probability that the respective cell is free, the second occupancy map and the fused occupancy map are structured correspondingly to the first occupancy map, a plurality of fusion parameters are used for determining the fused occupancy map, each of the fusion parameters is determined per a cell of the fused occupancy map, the fusion rule is adapted to determine the probabilistic values of the fused occupancy map per cell by fusing pairs of probabilistic values in dependence on the fusion parameters, one member of a respective pair is a probabilistic value of a first cell of the first occupancy map and another member of the respective pair is a probabilistic value of a second cell of the second occupancy map, the first and second cell share a positional property with respect to the space around the vehicle, and a respective probabilistic value determined by fusing the probabilistic values of the respective pair is associated with a respective cell of the fused occupancy map sharing the positional property of the first and second cell. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein
a respective one of the fusion parameters is calculated for a respective one of the cells of the fused occupancy map, the respective fusion parameter is adopted for a subset of the cells without calculating the fusion parameters for the subset, and the respective cell and each of the cells of the subset have approximately a same distance to the vehicle. 12. A method for controlling a vehicle on the basis of occupancy maps, the method comprising:
determining a raw sequence of occupancy maps on the basis of consecutive sensor measurements, each of the sensor measurements capturing at least a portion of a vicinity of the vehicle and each of the occupancy maps of the raw sequence representing free and occupied space around the vehicle, wherein the occupancy maps of the raw sequence are associated with consecutive time instances; determining a filtered sequence of occupancy maps, wherein at least one member of the filtered sequence is a fused occupancy map determined by fusing two of the occupancy maps of said raw sequence of occupancy maps using the computer implemented method of claim 1; and controlling the vehicle on the basis of the filtered sequence including said fused occupancy map. 13. A computer system for fusing occupancy maps, the computer system being configured to fuse occupancy maps by carrying out the computer implemented method of claim 1. 14. The computer system of claim 13, comprising an input for receiving sensor measurements and an output for providing at least the fused occupancy map. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions for carrying out the computer implemented method of claim 1. 16. A system for fusing a first occupancy map representing free and occupied space around a vehicle at a first time instance and a second occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a second time instance, the device comprising a processor and memory associated with the processor, the processor being configured to:
determine at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map; determine at least one fusion rule based on the at least one fusion parameter; and determine a fused occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle based on the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map and the at least one fusion rule, wherein the fusion rule controls an influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein
the at least one fusion parameter is based on an estimated motion of the vehicle with respect to the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map, the fusion parameter is determined based on a selected one of a plurality of predetermined calculation rules, each of the calculation rules is associated with a predetermined condition of the estimated motion of the vehicle, and the selected one of the calculation rules is selected based on the estimated motion of the vehicle meeting the predetermined condition associated with the selected one of the calculation rules. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein
the calculation rules comprise at least a first calculation rule and a second calculation rule, the first calculation rule is associated with a first condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a non-linear course, and the second calculation rule is associated with a second condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a linear course. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the calculation rules comprise a third calculation rule associated with a third condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein at least one of the calculation rules comprises an offset term which is non-zero if the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. | A method for fusing a first occupancy map and a second occupancy map comprises: determining at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map and determining a fused occupancy map representing free and occupied space around the vehicle. The fused occupancy map is determined based on the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map, and a fusion rule. The fusion rule is configured to control the influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map based on the at least one fusion parameter.1. A computer implemented method for fusing a first occupancy map and a second occupancy map
the first occupancy map representing free and occupied space around a vehicle at a first time instance and the second occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a second time instance,
the method comprising:
determining at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map;
determining a fused occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle, wherein the fused occupancy map is determined on the basis of the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map and a fusion rule, the fusion rule being configured to control an influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map based on the at least one fusion parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the at least one fusion parameter is based on an estimated motion of the vehicle with respect to the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining the at least one fusion parameter comprises taking an expected error of the estimated motion of the vehicle into account in dependence on the estimated motion. 4. The method of claim 2, wherein the estimated motion of the vehicle comprises an estimated linear velocity of the vehicle and/or an estimated yaw rate of the vehicle. 5. The method of claim 2, wherein
determining the fusion parameter is based on a plurality of predetermined calculation rules, each of the calculation rules is associated with a predetermined condition of the estimated motion of the vehicle, a respective one of the calculation rules is selected for determining the at least one fusion parameter, and the respective calculation rule is selected with respect to the estimated motion of the vehicle meeting the predetermined condition associated with the respective calculation rule. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein
the calculation rules comprise at least a first calculation rule and a second calculation rule, the first calculation rule is associated with a first condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a non-linear course, and the second calculation rule is associated with a second condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a linear course. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the calculation rules comprise a third calculation rule associated with a third condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein at least one of the calculation rules comprises an offset term which is non-zero if the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein
the fusion rule is configured such that the influence of one of the first and second occupancy maps on the fused occupancy map is increased relative to the influence of the other one of the first and second occupancy maps in dependence on the potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map represented by the fusion parameter, and the fused occupancy map represents the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a third time instance being closer or equal to the respective first or second time instance associated with the one of the first and second occupancy map. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein
the first occupancy map is divided into a plurality of cells, each of the cells associated with a probabilistic value representing a ratio between a probability that the respective cell is occupied and a probability that the respective cell is free, the second occupancy map and the fused occupancy map are structured correspondingly to the first occupancy map, a plurality of fusion parameters are used for determining the fused occupancy map, each of the fusion parameters is determined per a cell of the fused occupancy map, the fusion rule is adapted to determine the probabilistic values of the fused occupancy map per cell by fusing pairs of probabilistic values in dependence on the fusion parameters, one member of a respective pair is a probabilistic value of a first cell of the first occupancy map and another member of the respective pair is a probabilistic value of a second cell of the second occupancy map, the first and second cell share a positional property with respect to the space around the vehicle, and a respective probabilistic value determined by fusing the probabilistic values of the respective pair is associated with a respective cell of the fused occupancy map sharing the positional property of the first and second cell. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein
a respective one of the fusion parameters is calculated for a respective one of the cells of the fused occupancy map, the respective fusion parameter is adopted for a subset of the cells without calculating the fusion parameters for the subset, and the respective cell and each of the cells of the subset have approximately a same distance to the vehicle. 12. A method for controlling a vehicle on the basis of occupancy maps, the method comprising:
determining a raw sequence of occupancy maps on the basis of consecutive sensor measurements, each of the sensor measurements capturing at least a portion of a vicinity of the vehicle and each of the occupancy maps of the raw sequence representing free and occupied space around the vehicle, wherein the occupancy maps of the raw sequence are associated with consecutive time instances; determining a filtered sequence of occupancy maps, wherein at least one member of the filtered sequence is a fused occupancy map determined by fusing two of the occupancy maps of said raw sequence of occupancy maps using the computer implemented method of claim 1; and controlling the vehicle on the basis of the filtered sequence including said fused occupancy map. 13. A computer system for fusing occupancy maps, the computer system being configured to fuse occupancy maps by carrying out the computer implemented method of claim 1. 14. The computer system of claim 13, comprising an input for receiving sensor measurements and an output for providing at least the fused occupancy map. 15. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions for carrying out the computer implemented method of claim 1. 16. A system for fusing a first occupancy map representing free and occupied space around a vehicle at a first time instance and a second occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle at a second time instance, the device comprising a processor and memory associated with the processor, the processor being configured to:
determine at least one fusion parameter representing a potential dissimilarity between the first occupancy map and the second occupancy map; determine at least one fusion rule based on the at least one fusion parameter; and determine a fused occupancy map representing the free and occupied space around the vehicle based on the first occupancy map, the second occupancy map and the at least one fusion rule, wherein the fusion rule controls an influence of the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map on the fused occupancy map. 17. The system of claim 16, wherein
the at least one fusion parameter is based on an estimated motion of the vehicle with respect to the first occupancy map and/or the second occupancy map, the fusion parameter is determined based on a selected one of a plurality of predetermined calculation rules, each of the calculation rules is associated with a predetermined condition of the estimated motion of the vehicle, and the selected one of the calculation rules is selected based on the estimated motion of the vehicle meeting the predetermined condition associated with the selected one of the calculation rules. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein
the calculation rules comprise at least a first calculation rule and a second calculation rule, the first calculation rule is associated with a first condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a non-linear course, and the second calculation rule is associated with a second condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed to move along a linear course. 19. The system of claim 18, wherein the calculation rules comprise a third calculation rule associated with a third condition of the estimated motion in which the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. 20. The system of claim 17, wherein at least one of the calculation rules comprises an offset term which is non-zero if the vehicle is assumed not to move or to move with a velocity below a predetermined threshold. | 3,600 |
349,734 | 350,608 | 16,854,339 | 3,668 | A tissue dissector includes a handle portion and a head portion. The handle portion includes an actuation assembly having an actuator. The head portion includes an annular body having a blade assembly rotatably supported in the annular body. The blade assembly includes a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough. The blade member is operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about a central axis defined by the aperture. The handle portion and the head portion define a longitudinal axis that is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis. | 1. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including an actuation assembly having an actuator; and a head portion including an annular body having a blade assembly rotatably supported in the annular body, the blade assembly including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about a central axis defined by the aperture, wherein the handle portion and head portion define a longitudinal axis that is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis. 2. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the blade assembly further includes a blade gear secured with the blade member for concomitant rotation therewith, the blade gear operatively coupled with the actuator of the actuation assembly. 3. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the blade member includes a support portion and a blade portion extending from the support portion, the support portion in a planar contact with the blade gear. 4. The tissue dissector according to claim 3, wherein the blade portion has a frusto-conical shape. 5. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the actuation assembly further includes a transmission gear coupled with an output shaft of the actuator and configured to engage the blade gear such that actuation of the actuator imparts rotation to the blade member. 6. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the head portion further includes inner and outer walls defining a circular groove therebetween, wherein at least a portion of the blade gear is rotatably disposed within the circular groove. 7. The tissue dissector according to claim 6, wherein the head portion further includes a plurality of axial bearings circumferentially arranged in the circular groove of the head portion, the blade gear rotatably supported in the circular groove. 8. The tissue dissector according to claim 7, wherein the head portion further includes a plurality of second bearings configured to engage the blade gear, wherein the plurality of second bearings is disposed substantially parallel to an axis extending through the aperture of the blade member. 9. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the blade gear is rotatably interposed between the plurality of axial bearings and the plurality of second bearings. 10. The tissue dissector according to claim 3, wherein the head portion further includes a third bearing configured to engage the blade portion of the blade member, wherein the third bearing defines an acute angle with respect to an axis extending through the aperture. 11. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the handle portion further defines a battery pack to supply power to the actuator. 12. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the battery pack is removably disposed within the handle portion. 13. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including a motor, a motor pulley operatively coupled with an output shaft of the motor, and a belt, the handle portion defining a longitudinal axis; a head portion including a blade assembly including an annular blade pulley and an annular blade member secured with the annular blade pulley for concomitant rotation therewith, wherein the belt is operatively coupled with the annular blade pulley and the motor pulley such that actuation of the motor drives the annular blade pulley, which, in turn, rotates the annular blade member about a central axis disposed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the handle portion, the annular blade member and the annular blade pulley configured to receive tissue therethrough. 14. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member includes a support portion in a planar contact with the annular blade pulley. 15. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the annular blade member further includes a blade portion having a frusto-conical profile extending from the support portion away from the annular blade pulley. 16. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the handle portion further includes a removable battery pack to supply power to the motor. 17. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the handle portion further includes a tensioner assembly to provide tension in the belt. 18. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member further includes a switch configured to actuate the motor. 19. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member includes a blade edge configured to cut tissue. 20. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including an actuation assembly, the handle portion defining a longitudinal axis; and a blade assembly configured to be partially received within an opening in tissue, the blade assembly including an annular blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the annular blade member including an edge portion configured to rotatably cut tissue, the actuation assembly operatively coupled with the annular blade member to impart rotational output to the annular blade member, the annular blade member rotatable about a central axis disposed substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the handle portion. | A tissue dissector includes a handle portion and a head portion. The handle portion includes an actuation assembly having an actuator. The head portion includes an annular body having a blade assembly rotatably supported in the annular body. The blade assembly includes a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough. The blade member is operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about a central axis defined by the aperture. The handle portion and the head portion define a longitudinal axis that is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis.1. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including an actuation assembly having an actuator; and a head portion including an annular body having a blade assembly rotatably supported in the annular body, the blade assembly including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about a central axis defined by the aperture, wherein the handle portion and head portion define a longitudinal axis that is disposed at an angle relative to the central axis. 2. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the blade assembly further includes a blade gear secured with the blade member for concomitant rotation therewith, the blade gear operatively coupled with the actuator of the actuation assembly. 3. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the blade member includes a support portion and a blade portion extending from the support portion, the support portion in a planar contact with the blade gear. 4. The tissue dissector according to claim 3, wherein the blade portion has a frusto-conical shape. 5. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the actuation assembly further includes a transmission gear coupled with an output shaft of the actuator and configured to engage the blade gear such that actuation of the actuator imparts rotation to the blade member. 6. The tissue dissector according to claim 2, wherein the head portion further includes inner and outer walls defining a circular groove therebetween, wherein at least a portion of the blade gear is rotatably disposed within the circular groove. 7. The tissue dissector according to claim 6, wherein the head portion further includes a plurality of axial bearings circumferentially arranged in the circular groove of the head portion, the blade gear rotatably supported in the circular groove. 8. The tissue dissector according to claim 7, wherein the head portion further includes a plurality of second bearings configured to engage the blade gear, wherein the plurality of second bearings is disposed substantially parallel to an axis extending through the aperture of the blade member. 9. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the blade gear is rotatably interposed between the plurality of axial bearings and the plurality of second bearings. 10. The tissue dissector according to claim 3, wherein the head portion further includes a third bearing configured to engage the blade portion of the blade member, wherein the third bearing defines an acute angle with respect to an axis extending through the aperture. 11. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the handle portion further defines a battery pack to supply power to the actuator. 12. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the battery pack is removably disposed within the handle portion. 13. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including a motor, a motor pulley operatively coupled with an output shaft of the motor, and a belt, the handle portion defining a longitudinal axis; a head portion including a blade assembly including an annular blade pulley and an annular blade member secured with the annular blade pulley for concomitant rotation therewith, wherein the belt is operatively coupled with the annular blade pulley and the motor pulley such that actuation of the motor drives the annular blade pulley, which, in turn, rotates the annular blade member about a central axis disposed at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the handle portion, the annular blade member and the annular blade pulley configured to receive tissue therethrough. 14. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member includes a support portion in a planar contact with the annular blade pulley. 15. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the annular blade member further includes a blade portion having a frusto-conical profile extending from the support portion away from the annular blade pulley. 16. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the handle portion further includes a removable battery pack to supply power to the motor. 17. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the handle portion further includes a tensioner assembly to provide tension in the belt. 18. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member further includes a switch configured to actuate the motor. 19. The tissue dissector according to claim 13, wherein the annular blade member includes a blade edge configured to cut tissue. 20. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle portion including an actuation assembly, the handle portion defining a longitudinal axis; and a blade assembly configured to be partially received within an opening in tissue, the blade assembly including an annular blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the annular blade member including an edge portion configured to rotatably cut tissue, the actuation assembly operatively coupled with the annular blade member to impart rotational output to the annular blade member, the annular blade member rotatable about a central axis disposed substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the handle portion. | 3,600 |
349,735 | 350,609 | 16,854,343 | 3,668 | Building panels provided with a locking system for vertical and horizontal locking of a first edge and a second edge of adjacent panels. The locking system includes a displaceable tongue at least partly arranged in a displacement groove, a tongue groove, a cavity provided in a strip at the first edge, and a protrusion extending downwards at the second edge. The displaceable tongue is arranged to be displaced at least partly into the tongue groove during locking, and wherein the protrusion is arranged to be located in least a portion of the cavity when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally. | 1.-20. (canceled) 21. Floor panels comprising a plastic wear layer and one or several plastic core layers, the plastic wear layer and the one or several plastic core layers comprising a plastic material,
wherein one plastic core layer of the one or several plastic core layers comprises several essentially vertical flexing grooves, the essentially vertical flexing grooves being formed at a rear side of the one plastic core layer, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves have a vertical extension of at least about one third of a thickness of the one plastic core layer, wherein said plastic wear layer comprises polyvinyl chloride, and wherein said one or several plastic core layers comprise polyvinyl chloride and fillers. 22. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are covered with an underlay. 23. The floor panels as claimed in claim 22, wherein the underlay is a foam. 24. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein a length of the essentially vertical flexing grooves is smaller than a length of the rear side. 25. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are essentially parallel with long edges of the floor panels. 26. The floor panels as claimed in claim 25, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves have a longitudinal length that is smaller than a longitudinal length of the rear side of the one plastic core layer. 27. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the floor panels comprise one or several separate layers of glass fiber. 28. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the floor panels further comprise a subcore. 29. The floor panels as claimed in claim 28, wherein the subcore comprises wood fibers. 30. The floor panels as claimed in claim 28, wherein the subcore is an HDF board or a wood powder based board. 31. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are continuous. 32. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are discontinuous. 33. The floor panels as claimed in claim 32, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are arranged in a plurality of rows along a longitudinal direction of the floor panels, each row comprising a plurality of the several essentially vertical flexing grooves. 34. The floor panels as claimed in claim 33, wherein essentially vertical flexing grooves in adjacent rows extend side by side along the longitudinal direction. 35. The floor panels as claimed in claim 33, wherein essentially vertical flexing grooves in adjacent rows are offset with respect to each other along the longitudinal direction. 36. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, comprising a locking system for vertical and/or horizontal locking of a first edge and a second edge of adjacent floor panels. 37. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein a length of the essentially vertical flexing grooves is smaller than a distance between locking systems on short edges of the floor panels. 38. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are curved at edges of the floor panels along a longitudinal direction. | Building panels provided with a locking system for vertical and horizontal locking of a first edge and a second edge of adjacent panels. The locking system includes a displaceable tongue at least partly arranged in a displacement groove, a tongue groove, a cavity provided in a strip at the first edge, and a protrusion extending downwards at the second edge. The displaceable tongue is arranged to be displaced at least partly into the tongue groove during locking, and wherein the protrusion is arranged to be located in least a portion of the cavity when the panels are locked vertically and horizontally.1.-20. (canceled) 21. Floor panels comprising a plastic wear layer and one or several plastic core layers, the plastic wear layer and the one or several plastic core layers comprising a plastic material,
wherein one plastic core layer of the one or several plastic core layers comprises several essentially vertical flexing grooves, the essentially vertical flexing grooves being formed at a rear side of the one plastic core layer, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves have a vertical extension of at least about one third of a thickness of the one plastic core layer, wherein said plastic wear layer comprises polyvinyl chloride, and wherein said one or several plastic core layers comprise polyvinyl chloride and fillers. 22. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are covered with an underlay. 23. The floor panels as claimed in claim 22, wherein the underlay is a foam. 24. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein a length of the essentially vertical flexing grooves is smaller than a length of the rear side. 25. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are essentially parallel with long edges of the floor panels. 26. The floor panels as claimed in claim 25, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves have a longitudinal length that is smaller than a longitudinal length of the rear side of the one plastic core layer. 27. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the floor panels comprise one or several separate layers of glass fiber. 28. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the floor panels further comprise a subcore. 29. The floor panels as claimed in claim 28, wherein the subcore comprises wood fibers. 30. The floor panels as claimed in claim 28, wherein the subcore is an HDF board or a wood powder based board. 31. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are continuous. 32. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are discontinuous. 33. The floor panels as claimed in claim 32, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are arranged in a plurality of rows along a longitudinal direction of the floor panels, each row comprising a plurality of the several essentially vertical flexing grooves. 34. The floor panels as claimed in claim 33, wherein essentially vertical flexing grooves in adjacent rows extend side by side along the longitudinal direction. 35. The floor panels as claimed in claim 33, wherein essentially vertical flexing grooves in adjacent rows are offset with respect to each other along the longitudinal direction. 36. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, comprising a locking system for vertical and/or horizontal locking of a first edge and a second edge of adjacent floor panels. 37. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein a length of the essentially vertical flexing grooves is smaller than a distance between locking systems on short edges of the floor panels. 38. The floor panels as claimed in claim 21, wherein the essentially vertical flexing grooves are curved at edges of the floor panels along a longitudinal direction. | 3,600 |
349,736 | 350,610 | 16,854,367 | 3,668 | Synthetic pozzolans are produced using local materials to provide a cementitious material that is uniform in chemistry and properties independent of the location where the materials are obtained. Two methods of production are described. One is a high temperature process in which materials are processed in a semi-molten or molten state. The second process is a low temperature aqueous process. | 1-25. (canceled) 26. A method of forming a cured cementitious material, the method comprising:
forming a calcium silicate cement from precursor materials, the calcium silicate cement comprising at least 10% by mass of an amorphous phase; adding the calcium silicate cement to a hydraulic cement to form a mixture, the mixture comprising 1-99% by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement; and curing the mixture, the curing comprising reacting the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the amorphous phase comprises one or more of siliceous, aluminosiliceous, aluminous material, calcium-aluminum-iron-magnesium-silicate, calcium-silicate. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement further comprising crystalline phases such as wollastonite, pseudowollastonite, rankinite, belite, and melilite. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement comprises at least 30% by mass of the amorphous phase. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement comprises at least 70% by mass of the amorphous phase. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the precursor materials comprise calcium silicate. 32. The method of claim 26, further comprising reacting the calcium silicate cement with CO2 to form amorphous SiO2 and CaCO3. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the reaction comprises reacting the amorphous phase of the calcium silicate cement with the hydraulic cement. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the reacting of the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement produces a calcium silicate hydrate compound as a reaction product. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein Si ions from the amorphous SiO2 participate in the reaction between the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement. 36. The method of claim 26, wherein the mixture comprising 10% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the mixture comprising 30% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the mixture comprising 40% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 39. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding aggregates to the mixture. 40. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding water to the mixture. 41. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding at least one admixture to the mixture. 42. The method of claim 26, wherein the hydraulic cement comprises Ordinary Portland Cement. | Synthetic pozzolans are produced using local materials to provide a cementitious material that is uniform in chemistry and properties independent of the location where the materials are obtained. Two methods of production are described. One is a high temperature process in which materials are processed in a semi-molten or molten state. The second process is a low temperature aqueous process.1-25. (canceled) 26. A method of forming a cured cementitious material, the method comprising:
forming a calcium silicate cement from precursor materials, the calcium silicate cement comprising at least 10% by mass of an amorphous phase; adding the calcium silicate cement to a hydraulic cement to form a mixture, the mixture comprising 1-99% by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement; and curing the mixture, the curing comprising reacting the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein the amorphous phase comprises one or more of siliceous, aluminosiliceous, aluminous material, calcium-aluminum-iron-magnesium-silicate, calcium-silicate. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement further comprising crystalline phases such as wollastonite, pseudowollastonite, rankinite, belite, and melilite. 29. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement comprises at least 30% by mass of the amorphous phase. 30. The method of claim 26, wherein the calcium silicate cement comprises at least 70% by mass of the amorphous phase. 31. The method of claim 26, wherein the precursor materials comprise calcium silicate. 32. The method of claim 26, further comprising reacting the calcium silicate cement with CO2 to form amorphous SiO2 and CaCO3. 33. The method of claim 26, wherein the reaction comprises reacting the amorphous phase of the calcium silicate cement with the hydraulic cement. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the reacting of the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement produces a calcium silicate hydrate compound as a reaction product. 35. The method of claim 32, wherein Si ions from the amorphous SiO2 participate in the reaction between the calcium silicate cement and the hydraulic cement. 36. The method of claim 26, wherein the mixture comprising 10% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 37. The method of claim 36, wherein the mixture comprising 30% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 38. The method of claim 37, wherein the mixture comprising 40% or more by mass of total solids of the calcium silicate cement. 39. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding aggregates to the mixture. 40. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding water to the mixture. 41. The method of claim 26, further comprising adding at least one admixture to the mixture. 42. The method of claim 26, wherein the hydraulic cement comprises Ordinary Portland Cement. | 3,600 |
349,737 | 350,611 | 16,854,340 | 3,668 | Techniques herein include methods for fabricating high density logic and memory for advanced circuit architecture. The methods can include forming multilayer stacks on separate substrates and forming bonding films over the multilayer stacks, then contacting and bonding the bonding films to form a combined structure including each of the multilayer stacks. The method can be repeated to form additional combinations. In between iterations, transistor devices may be formed from the combined structures. Ionized atom implantation can facilitate cleavage of a substrate destined for growth of additional multilayers, wherein an anneal weakens the substrate at a predetermined penetration depth of the ionized atom implantation. | 1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multilayer stack on a first surface of a first substrate, the first substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the first substrate, the first multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a first material and a second material; forming a second multilayer stack on a second surface of a second substrate, the second substrate having a first surface opposite the second surface of the second substrate, the second multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a third material and a fourth material; implanting ionized atoms to a predetermined depth in the first surface of the second substrate; forming a first bonding film on a top surface of the first multilayer stack and forming a second bonding film on a top surface of the second multilayer stack; aligning the first substrate with the second substrate such that the first bonding film is in contact with the second bonding film; and annealing the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first bonding film with the second bonding film and form a combined structure, the annealing also weakening a portion of the second substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implanting. 2. The method of claim 1, herein the ionized atoms have an atomic number less than 12. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein implanting the ionized atoms includes implanting a first type of ionized atom and implanting a second type of particle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first type of ionized atom is selected from the group consisting of H, H2, He, and boron. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and third material are silicon, and the second and fourth material are SiGe2. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes performing an oxide deposition process. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first bonding film and the second bonding film each have a thickness of 30 angstroms to 300 angstroms. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes cleaning the top surface of the first multilayer stack and cleaning the top surface of the second multilayer stack using a liquid chemistry to form a chemical oxide film. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chemical oxide film has a thickness of 5 angstroms to 30 angstroms. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes executing an oxide deposition process after the cleaning that deposits an oxide layer on the chemical oxide film, thus forming a bilayer oxide on each of the multilayer stacks. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multilayer stack and the second multilayer stack each have at least four layers. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first carbon-containing bonding film on the first bonding film; and forming a second carbon-containing bonding film on the second bonding film, wherein aligning the first substrate with the second substrate includes the first carbon-containing bonding film being in contact with the second carbon-containing bonding film. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the weakened portion of the second substrate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
reducing a cleaved thickness of the second substrate to a predetermined thickness after removing the weakened portion. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the cleaved thickness of the second substrate is reduced to less than 60 nm. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
forming a third multilayer stack on a first surface of a third substrate, the third substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the third substrate, the third multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of the third material and the fourth material; forming a fourth multilayer stack on the second substrate of the combined structure, the fourth multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of the first material and the second material with each layer formed by epitaxial growth beginning from a surface formed from removing the weakened portion of the second substrate after thickness reduction; forming a third bonding film on a top surface of the third multilayer stack and forming a fourth bonding film on a top surface of the fourth multilayer stack; aligning the third substrate with the combined structure such that the third bonding film is in contact with the fourth bonding film; and annealing the combined structure and the third substrate to bond the third bonding film with the fourth bonding film, thus making the third substrate part of the combined structure. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
implanting ionized atoms to the predetermined depth in the first surface of the third. substrate before forming the third bonding film on the top surface of the third multilayer stack, wherein the annealing the combined structure and the third substrate also weakens a portion of the third substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implantating. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
removing the weakened portion of the third substrate; and reducing a cleaved thickness of the third substrate to a predetermined thickness after removing the weakened portion. 19. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multilayer stack on a first surface of a first substrate, the first substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the first substrate, the first multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the first multilayer stack including at least six layers epitaxially grown; forming a second multilayer stack on a second surface of a second substrate, the second substrate having a first surface opposite the second surface of the second substrate, the second multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a third material and a fourth material, the second multilayer stack including at least six layers epitaxially grown; implanting ionized atoms to a predetermined depth in the first surface of the second substrate; forming a first bonding film on a top surface of the first multilayer stack and forming a second bonding film on a top surface of the second multilayer stack; aligning the first substrate with the second substrate such that the first bonding film is in contact with the second bonding film; annealing the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first bonding film with the second bonding film and form a combined structure, the annealing also weakening a portion of the second substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implanting; removing the weakened portion of the second substrate; and forming at least one transistor device from the combined structure. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
after removing the weakened portion of the second substrate, thinning a remainder of the second substrate to entirely remove the remainder of the second substrate and expose the combined first multilayer stack and second multilayer stack. | Techniques herein include methods for fabricating high density logic and memory for advanced circuit architecture. The methods can include forming multilayer stacks on separate substrates and forming bonding films over the multilayer stacks, then contacting and bonding the bonding films to form a combined structure including each of the multilayer stacks. The method can be repeated to form additional combinations. In between iterations, transistor devices may be formed from the combined structures. Ionized atom implantation can facilitate cleavage of a substrate destined for growth of additional multilayers, wherein an anneal weakens the substrate at a predetermined penetration depth of the ionized atom implantation.1. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multilayer stack on a first surface of a first substrate, the first substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the first substrate, the first multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a first material and a second material; forming a second multilayer stack on a second surface of a second substrate, the second substrate having a first surface opposite the second surface of the second substrate, the second multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a third material and a fourth material; implanting ionized atoms to a predetermined depth in the first surface of the second substrate; forming a first bonding film on a top surface of the first multilayer stack and forming a second bonding film on a top surface of the second multilayer stack; aligning the first substrate with the second substrate such that the first bonding film is in contact with the second bonding film; and annealing the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first bonding film with the second bonding film and form a combined structure, the annealing also weakening a portion of the second substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implanting. 2. The method of claim 1, herein the ionized atoms have an atomic number less than 12. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein implanting the ionized atoms includes implanting a first type of ionized atom and implanting a second type of particle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first type of ionized atom is selected from the group consisting of H, H2, He, and boron. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and third material are silicon, and the second and fourth material are SiGe2. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes performing an oxide deposition process. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first bonding film and the second bonding film each have a thickness of 30 angstroms to 300 angstroms. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes cleaning the top surface of the first multilayer stack and cleaning the top surface of the second multilayer stack using a liquid chemistry to form a chemical oxide film. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the chemical oxide film has a thickness of 5 angstroms to 30 angstroms. 10. The method of claim 8, wherein forming the first bonding film and forming the second bonding film includes executing an oxide deposition process after the cleaning that deposits an oxide layer on the chemical oxide film, thus forming a bilayer oxide on each of the multilayer stacks. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the first multilayer stack and the second multilayer stack each have at least four layers. 12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
forming a first carbon-containing bonding film on the first bonding film; and forming a second carbon-containing bonding film on the second bonding film, wherein aligning the first substrate with the second substrate includes the first carbon-containing bonding film being in contact with the second carbon-containing bonding film. 13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
removing the weakened portion of the second substrate. 14. The method of claim 13, further comprising:
reducing a cleaved thickness of the second substrate to a predetermined thickness after removing the weakened portion. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the cleaved thickness of the second substrate is reduced to less than 60 nm. 16. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
forming a third multilayer stack on a first surface of a third substrate, the third substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the third substrate, the third multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of the third material and the fourth material; forming a fourth multilayer stack on the second substrate of the combined structure, the fourth multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of the first material and the second material with each layer formed by epitaxial growth beginning from a surface formed from removing the weakened portion of the second substrate after thickness reduction; forming a third bonding film on a top surface of the third multilayer stack and forming a fourth bonding film on a top surface of the fourth multilayer stack; aligning the third substrate with the combined structure such that the third bonding film is in contact with the fourth bonding film; and annealing the combined structure and the third substrate to bond the third bonding film with the fourth bonding film, thus making the third substrate part of the combined structure. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
implanting ionized atoms to the predetermined depth in the first surface of the third. substrate before forming the third bonding film on the top surface of the third multilayer stack, wherein the annealing the combined structure and the third substrate also weakens a portion of the third substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implantating. 18. The method of claim 17, further comprising:
removing the weakened portion of the third substrate; and reducing a cleaved thickness of the third substrate to a predetermined thickness after removing the weakened portion. 19. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:
forming a first multilayer stack on a first surface of a first substrate, the first substrate having a second surface opposite the first surface of the first substrate, the first multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a first material and a second material, the first multilayer stack including at least six layers epitaxially grown; forming a second multilayer stack on a second surface of a second substrate, the second substrate having a first surface opposite the second surface of the second substrate, the second multilayer stack comprising alternating layers of a third material and a fourth material, the second multilayer stack including at least six layers epitaxially grown; implanting ionized atoms to a predetermined depth in the first surface of the second substrate; forming a first bonding film on a top surface of the first multilayer stack and forming a second bonding film on a top surface of the second multilayer stack; aligning the first substrate with the second substrate such that the first bonding film is in contact with the second bonding film; annealing the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first bonding film with the second bonding film and form a combined structure, the annealing also weakening a portion of the second substrate approximately at the predetermined depth of the implanting; removing the weakened portion of the second substrate; and forming at least one transistor device from the combined structure. 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
after removing the weakened portion of the second substrate, thinning a remainder of the second substrate to entirely remove the remainder of the second substrate and expose the combined first multilayer stack and second multilayer stack. | 3,600 |
349,738 | 350,612 | 16,854,346 | 3,668 | A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution. | 1. A process to treat a hydrogen sulfide containing stream comprising:
a) providing a feed stream comprising hydrogen sulfide to an absorber vessel containing a fixed bed of solid media; b) providing an aqueous liquid treatment solution comprising a sulfur dye catalyst to the absorber such that the aqueous liquid treatment solution mixes with the feed stream within the fixed bed of solid media; c) controlling the residence time of the aqueous liquid treatment solution and feed stream within the absorber such that the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the aqueous liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions that are then absorbed onto the sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfur dye catalyst to solubilize; d) removing a spent treatment solution from the absorber vessel, where the spent treatment solution contains the sulfide ions, water, spent sulfur dye catalyst, and dissolved gas; e) introducing the spent treatment solution into an oxidation vessel; f) introducing an oxygen containing gas into the oxidation vessel to contact the spent treatment solution causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst, where a portion of the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is present as an insoluble slurry; g) removing from the oxidation vessel an aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment solution comprising the thiosulfate, water, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst; and h) maintaining a predetermined thiosulfate concentration in the regenerated liquid treatment solution by removing a portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution from the process. 2. The process of claim 1 further comprising directing the feed stream to flow upward from the bottom of the absorber and into the solid media. 3. The process of claim 1 further comprising directing the aqueous liquid treatment solution to flow downward into the solid media and counter current to an upward flow of the feed stream. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein a portion of the sulfur dye catalyst in the aqueous liquid treatment solution is present as an insoluble slurry. 5. The process of claim 1 further comprising removing excess oxygen containing gas from the oxidation vessel. 6. The process of claim 1 further comprising recycling the regenerated liquid treatment solution to the absorber for mixing with the aqueous liquid treatment solution prior to contacting with the feed stream. 7. The process of claim 1 where the portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution is introduced into a separation process where the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is separated from the thiosulfate by a filtration step and is recirculated to the absorber vessel, where the filtration step uses a filter media that collects the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. 8. The process of claim 7 where the separation process further comprises contacting the regenerated liquid treatment solution with the filter media that comprises carbon or a membrane. 9. The process of claim 8 where the separation process includes a back flushing step that removes the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst from the filter media. 10. The process of claim 9 where the back flushing step comprises contacting the filter media with a liquid solution containing sulfide ions. 11. The process of claim 1 where the spent treatment solution is first introduced into a flash drum where a reduction in pressure causes the dissolved gas to separate from the spent treatment solution forming a flashed gas, where the spent treatment solution is then introduced into the oxidation vessel. 12. The process of claim 11 where the flashed gas removed from the flash drum is introduced into a second absorber vessel and contacted with a second liquid treatment solution to convert any residual hydrogen sulfide present. 13. The process of claim 12 where a stream of spent treatment solution is removed from the second absorber vessel and introduced into the oxidation vessel. 14. The process of claim 1 further comprising removing a product stream from the absorber vessel. 15. The process of claim 14 further comprising monitoring hydron sulfide levels in the product stream and controlling the oxygen containing gas introduced into the oxidation vessel. 16. A process to treat a hydrogen sulfide containing stream comprising:
a) providing a feed stream comprising hydrogen sulfide to an absorber vessel containing a fixed bed of solid media; b) providing an amount of aqueous liquid treatment solution comprising a sulfur dye catalyst to the absorber such that the aqueous liquid treatment solution mixes with the feed stream within the fixed bed of solid media; c) controlling the residence time of the aqueous liquid treatment solution and feed stream within the absorber by adjusting a first control valve to change the amount of liquid treatment solution entering the absorber such that the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the aqueous liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions that are then absorbed onto the sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfur dye catalyst to solubilize; d) removing a spent treatment solution from the absorber vessel, where the spent treatment solution contains the sulfide ions, water, spent sulfur dye catalyst, and dissolved gas; e) introducing the spent treatment solution into an oxidation vessel; and f) controlling an amount of an oxygen containing gas introduced into the oxidation vessel that contacts the spent treatment solution by adjusting a second control valve that regulates the flow of the oxygen containing gas entering the oxidation vessel, where the second control valve is adjusted based on a measured oxidation reduction potential of fluids inside the oxidizer, inside the absorber or in an aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment solution removed from the oxidizer, where the aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment comprises thiosulfate, water, and regenerated sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. 17. The process of claim 16 further comprising causing the sulfide ions in the oxidizer to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst, where a portion of the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is present as an insoluble slurry 18. The process of claim 16 further comprising maintaining a predetermined thiosulfate concentration in the regenerated liquid treatment solution by removing a portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution from the process. 19. The process of claim 16 further comprising measuring the oxidation reduction potential using a sensor located in the oxidizer or the absorber. | A process is presented where a feed stream containing a hydrogen sulfide and another feed component is introduced into an absorber that the feed stream flows upward from the bottom of the absorber and contacts a liquid treatment solution, where the liquid treatment solution contains a sulfur dye catalyst. The hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions. The other feed component is removed from the absorber vessel substantially free of the hydrogen sulfide and a spent treatment solution is also removed from the absorber vessel and fed to an oxidation vessel where it is contacted with an oxygen containing gas causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and converting the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. The thiosulfate is recovered, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst can be recycled as part of the liquid treatment solution.1. A process to treat a hydrogen sulfide containing stream comprising:
a) providing a feed stream comprising hydrogen sulfide to an absorber vessel containing a fixed bed of solid media; b) providing an aqueous liquid treatment solution comprising a sulfur dye catalyst to the absorber such that the aqueous liquid treatment solution mixes with the feed stream within the fixed bed of solid media; c) controlling the residence time of the aqueous liquid treatment solution and feed stream within the absorber such that the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the aqueous liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions that are then absorbed onto the sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfur dye catalyst to solubilize; d) removing a spent treatment solution from the absorber vessel, where the spent treatment solution contains the sulfide ions, water, spent sulfur dye catalyst, and dissolved gas; e) introducing the spent treatment solution into an oxidation vessel; f) introducing an oxygen containing gas into the oxidation vessel to contact the spent treatment solution causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst, where a portion of the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is present as an insoluble slurry; g) removing from the oxidation vessel an aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment solution comprising the thiosulfate, water, and the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst; and h) maintaining a predetermined thiosulfate concentration in the regenerated liquid treatment solution by removing a portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution from the process. 2. The process of claim 1 further comprising directing the feed stream to flow upward from the bottom of the absorber and into the solid media. 3. The process of claim 1 further comprising directing the aqueous liquid treatment solution to flow downward into the solid media and counter current to an upward flow of the feed stream. 4. The process of claim 1 wherein a portion of the sulfur dye catalyst in the aqueous liquid treatment solution is present as an insoluble slurry. 5. The process of claim 1 further comprising removing excess oxygen containing gas from the oxidation vessel. 6. The process of claim 1 further comprising recycling the regenerated liquid treatment solution to the absorber for mixing with the aqueous liquid treatment solution prior to contacting with the feed stream. 7. The process of claim 1 where the portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution is introduced into a separation process where the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is separated from the thiosulfate by a filtration step and is recirculated to the absorber vessel, where the filtration step uses a filter media that collects the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. 8. The process of claim 7 where the separation process further comprises contacting the regenerated liquid treatment solution with the filter media that comprises carbon or a membrane. 9. The process of claim 8 where the separation process includes a back flushing step that removes the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst from the filter media. 10. The process of claim 9 where the back flushing step comprises contacting the filter media with a liquid solution containing sulfide ions. 11. The process of claim 1 where the spent treatment solution is first introduced into a flash drum where a reduction in pressure causes the dissolved gas to separate from the spent treatment solution forming a flashed gas, where the spent treatment solution is then introduced into the oxidation vessel. 12. The process of claim 11 where the flashed gas removed from the flash drum is introduced into a second absorber vessel and contacted with a second liquid treatment solution to convert any residual hydrogen sulfide present. 13. The process of claim 12 where a stream of spent treatment solution is removed from the second absorber vessel and introduced into the oxidation vessel. 14. The process of claim 1 further comprising removing a product stream from the absorber vessel. 15. The process of claim 14 further comprising monitoring hydron sulfide levels in the product stream and controlling the oxygen containing gas introduced into the oxidation vessel. 16. A process to treat a hydrogen sulfide containing stream comprising:
a) providing a feed stream comprising hydrogen sulfide to an absorber vessel containing a fixed bed of solid media; b) providing an amount of aqueous liquid treatment solution comprising a sulfur dye catalyst to the absorber such that the aqueous liquid treatment solution mixes with the feed stream within the fixed bed of solid media; c) controlling the residence time of the aqueous liquid treatment solution and feed stream within the absorber by adjusting a first control valve to change the amount of liquid treatment solution entering the absorber such that the hydrogen sulfide is absorbed into the aqueous liquid treatment solution and converted into sulfide ions that are then absorbed onto the sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfur dye catalyst to solubilize; d) removing a spent treatment solution from the absorber vessel, where the spent treatment solution contains the sulfide ions, water, spent sulfur dye catalyst, and dissolved gas; e) introducing the spent treatment solution into an oxidation vessel; and f) controlling an amount of an oxygen containing gas introduced into the oxidation vessel that contacts the spent treatment solution by adjusting a second control valve that regulates the flow of the oxygen containing gas entering the oxidation vessel, where the second control valve is adjusted based on a measured oxidation reduction potential of fluids inside the oxidizer, inside the absorber or in an aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment solution removed from the oxidizer, where the aqueous liquid stream of regenerated liquid treatment comprises thiosulfate, water, and regenerated sulfur dye catalyst causing the sulfide ions to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst. 17. The process of claim 16 further comprising causing the sulfide ions in the oxidizer to oxidize to thiosulfate and to convert the spent sulfur dye catalyst to regenerated sulfur dye catalyst, where a portion of the regenerated sulfur dye catalyst is present as an insoluble slurry 18. The process of claim 16 further comprising maintaining a predetermined thiosulfate concentration in the regenerated liquid treatment solution by removing a portion of the regenerated liquid treatment solution from the process. 19. The process of claim 16 further comprising measuring the oxidation reduction potential using a sensor located in the oxidizer or the absorber. | 3,600 |
349,739 | 350,613 | 16,854,348 | 3,668 | The disclosure relates to a mobile communication system including: a first transmission path configured to transmit a message according to a first radio access technology; a second transmission path configured to transmit the message according to a second radio access technology; and an encoder configured to encode the message by a code before transmission of the message over the first transmission path and the second transmission path, wherein the code comprises at least two subcodes, and wherein the encoder is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with a first subcode of the at least two subcodes and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with a second subcode of the at least two subcodes. | 1.-25. (canceled) 26. A mobile communication system, comprising:
a first transmission path configured to transmit a message according to a first radio access technology; a second transmission path configured to transmit the message according to a second radio access technology; and an encoder configured to encode the message via a code block before transmission of the message over the first transmission path and the second transmission path, wherein the code block comprises at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion, and wherein the encoder is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with the first code block portion, and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with the second code block portion. 27. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein a channel code of the first radio access technology is a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. 28. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 29. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein the message comprises a plurality of data segments,
wherein the first code block portion is allocated to a first data segment of the plurality of data segments, and wherein the second code block is allocated to a second data segment of the plurality of data segments. 30. A receiver, comprising:
demodulator circuitry configured to receive a message transmitted via a first transmission path and a second transmission path, wherein the message is encoded by a code block comprising at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion; and decoder circuitry configured to decode the message by allocating the first code block portion to a first segment of the message and allocating the second code block portion to a second segment of the message. 31. The receiver of claim 30, wherein the code block comprises a low density parity check (LDPC) code. 32. The receiver of claim 30, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 33. The receiver of claim 30, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a long-term evolution (LTE) radio access technology. 34. A transmitter, comprising:
encoder circuitry configured to encode a message via a code block prior to transmission of the message over a first transmission path and a second transmission path; first modulator circuitry configured to transmit a message via a first transmission path according to a first radio access technology; and second modulator circuitry configured to transmit the message via a second transmission path according to a second radio access technology, wherein the code block comprises at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion, and wherein the encoder circuitry is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with the first code block portion, and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with the second code block portion. 35. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 36. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein the message comprises a plurality of data segments,
wherein the first code block portion is allocated to a first data segment of the plurality of data segments, and wherein the second code block is allocated to a second data segment of the plurality of data segments. 37. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a long-term evolution (LTE) radio access technology. | The disclosure relates to a mobile communication system including: a first transmission path configured to transmit a message according to a first radio access technology; a second transmission path configured to transmit the message according to a second radio access technology; and an encoder configured to encode the message by a code before transmission of the message over the first transmission path and the second transmission path, wherein the code comprises at least two subcodes, and wherein the encoder is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with a first subcode of the at least two subcodes and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with a second subcode of the at least two subcodes.1.-25. (canceled) 26. A mobile communication system, comprising:
a first transmission path configured to transmit a message according to a first radio access technology; a second transmission path configured to transmit the message according to a second radio access technology; and an encoder configured to encode the message via a code block before transmission of the message over the first transmission path and the second transmission path, wherein the code block comprises at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion, and wherein the encoder is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with the first code block portion, and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with the second code block portion. 27. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein a channel code of the first radio access technology is a Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code. 28. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 29. The mobile communication system of claim 26, wherein the message comprises a plurality of data segments,
wherein the first code block portion is allocated to a first data segment of the plurality of data segments, and wherein the second code block is allocated to a second data segment of the plurality of data segments. 30. A receiver, comprising:
demodulator circuitry configured to receive a message transmitted via a first transmission path and a second transmission path, wherein the message is encoded by a code block comprising at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion; and decoder circuitry configured to decode the message by allocating the first code block portion to a first segment of the message and allocating the second code block portion to a second segment of the message. 31. The receiver of claim 30, wherein the code block comprises a low density parity check (LDPC) code. 32. The receiver of claim 30, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 33. The receiver of claim 30, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a long-term evolution (LTE) radio access technology. 34. A transmitter, comprising:
encoder circuitry configured to encode a message via a code block prior to transmission of the message over a first transmission path and a second transmission path; first modulator circuitry configured to transmit a message via a first transmission path according to a first radio access technology; and second modulator circuitry configured to transmit the message via a second transmission path according to a second radio access technology, wherein the code block comprises at least a first code block portion and a second code block portion, and wherein the encoder circuitry is configured to encode the message intended for transmission over the first transmission path with the first code block portion, and to encode the message intended for transmission over the second transmission path with the second code block portion. 35. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a millimeter wave radio access technology. 36. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein the message comprises a plurality of data segments,
wherein the first code block portion is allocated to a first data segment of the plurality of data segments, and wherein the second code block is allocated to a second data segment of the plurality of data segments. 37. The transmitter of claim 34, wherein at least one of the first radio access technology or the second radio access technology is a long-term evolution (LTE) radio access technology. | 3,600 |
349,740 | 350,614 | 16,854,360 | 3,668 | This application describes a surgical retractor and related methods for providing access to a surgical target site for the purpose performing minimally invasive spinal fusion across one or more segments of the spinal column. | 1. A method for attaching a fixation system to the spine of a patient, the fixation system including at least two bone anchors and a spinal rod linking the at least two bone anchors, comprising the steps of:
connecting a first retractor blade directly to a shank of a first bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the first retractor blade, advancing the first bone anchor shank and first retractor blade together to a first spinal vertebra, and anchoring the first bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the first spinal vertebra; connecting a second retractor blade directly to a shank of a second bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the second retractor blade, advancing the second bone anchor shank and second retractor blade together to a second spinal vertebra, and anchoring the second bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the second vertebra, wherein the second vertebra is separated from the first vertebra by an intervertebral disc space and the first vertebra, second vertebra, and intervertebral disc space comprise a first spinal level; connecting a retractor body to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade and operating the retractor body to expand an operative corridor formed between the first retractor blade and second retractor blade from the skin level of the patient to the spine; and linking the first bone anchor and the second bone anchor with the spinal rod. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step of adjusting an angle of the operative corridor until the operative corridor is parallel to the intervertebral disc. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the angle of the operative corridor is accomplished by moving a proximal end of the first retractor blade and a proximal end of the second retractor blade in the same direction while a distal end of the first retractor blade remains positioned adjacent the first pedicle and a distal end of the second retractor blade remains positioned adjacent the second pedicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in one of a cephalad or caudal direction. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in one of an anterior and posterior direction. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in both one of a cephalad and caudal direction and in one of an anterior and posterior direction. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the first retractor blade is connected to the first bone anchor shank in a polyaxial engagement and the second retractor blade is connected to the second bone anchor shank in a polyaxial engagement. 8. The method of claim 2, comprising the additional step of operating the retractor body to distract the intervertebral disc space. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step of coupling a secondary retractor body directly to one of the first retractor blade and second retractor blade, the secondary retractor body being positioned medially relative to the first and second retractor blades, and connecting a third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary retractor body includes a retraction mechanism and splay mechanism. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising the additional step of operating at least one of the secondary retractor body retraction mechanism and splay mechanism to expand the size of the operative corridor medially. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary retractor body couples directly to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the first bone anchor is connected to the first retractor blade via a capture ring integral to and extending from a distal end of the first retractor blade, the capture ring having a center aperture sized to receive a neck of a bone anchor therein, wherein the capture ring comprises a static foot and a pivot foot, the pivot foot pivoting away from the static foot to an open position to permit passage of the bone anchor neck into the capture ring and pivoting towards the static foot to a closed position to capture the bone anchor neck within the capture ring center aperture, wherein the first retractor blade further comprises a lock to lock the pivot foot in the closed position, wherein the distal end of the first retractor blade includes a static arm and a pivot arm pivotally coupled to the static arm, the static foot extending from the static arm and the pivot foot extending from the pivot foot. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein connecting the third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body includes advancing the third retractor blade to the spine while coupled to an insertion tool, using a distal end of the third blade to first elevate tissue off of the spine and then connecting the third blade to the secondary retractor body and releasing the insertion tool. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the distal end of the third blade includes a distal end extension configured to lock to the third blade in a number of discrete extension positions. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising the additional steps of using the distal end of the third blade to first elevate tissue off of the spine and then connecting the third blade to the secondary retractor body further include the step of manipulating the insertion tool to disengage a lock of the distal extension to adjust the height of the blade to connect to the third blade to the secondary retractor body while maintaining contact with the spine at the distal end. 17. A method for attaching a fixation system to the spine of a patient, the fixation system including at least two bone anchors, comprising the steps of:
connecting a first retractor blade directly to a shank of a first bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the first retractor blade, advancing the first bone anchor shank and first retractor blade together to a first spinal vertebra, and anchoring the first bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the first spinal vertebra; connecting a second retractor blade directly to a shank of a second bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the second retractor blade, advancing the second bone anchor shank and second retractor blade together to a second spinal vertebra, and anchoring the second bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the second vertebra, wherein the second vertebra is separated from the first vertebra by an intervertebral disc space and the first vertebra, second vertebra, and intervertebral disc space comprise a first spinal level; and connecting a retractor body to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade and operating the retractor body to expand an operative corridor formed between the first retractor blade and second retractor blade from the skin level of the patient to the spine. 18. The method of claim 17, comprising the additional step of coupling a secondary retractor body directly to one of the first retractor blade and second retractor blade, the secondary retractor body being positioned medially relative to the first and second retractor blades, and connecting a third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body, wherein the secondary retractor body includes a retraction mechanism and a splay mechanism. 19. The method of claim 18, comprising the additional step of operating at least one of the secondary retractor body retraction mechanism and the splay mechanism to expand the size of the operative corridor medially. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the secondary retractor body couples directly to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade. | This application describes a surgical retractor and related methods for providing access to a surgical target site for the purpose performing minimally invasive spinal fusion across one or more segments of the spinal column.1. A method for attaching a fixation system to the spine of a patient, the fixation system including at least two bone anchors and a spinal rod linking the at least two bone anchors, comprising the steps of:
connecting a first retractor blade directly to a shank of a first bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the first retractor blade, advancing the first bone anchor shank and first retractor blade together to a first spinal vertebra, and anchoring the first bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the first spinal vertebra; connecting a second retractor blade directly to a shank of a second bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the second retractor blade, advancing the second bone anchor shank and second retractor blade together to a second spinal vertebra, and anchoring the second bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the second vertebra, wherein the second vertebra is separated from the first vertebra by an intervertebral disc space and the first vertebra, second vertebra, and intervertebral disc space comprise a first spinal level; connecting a retractor body to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade and operating the retractor body to expand an operative corridor formed between the first retractor blade and second retractor blade from the skin level of the patient to the spine; and linking the first bone anchor and the second bone anchor with the spinal rod. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step of adjusting an angle of the operative corridor until the operative corridor is parallel to the intervertebral disc. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein adjusting the angle of the operative corridor is accomplished by moving a proximal end of the first retractor blade and a proximal end of the second retractor blade in the same direction while a distal end of the first retractor blade remains positioned adjacent the first pedicle and a distal end of the second retractor blade remains positioned adjacent the second pedicle. 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in one of a cephalad or caudal direction. 5. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in one of an anterior and posterior direction. 6. The method of claim 3, wherein the angle of the operative corridor is adjusted in both one of a cephalad and caudal direction and in one of an anterior and posterior direction. 7. The method of claim 3, wherein the first retractor blade is connected to the first bone anchor shank in a polyaxial engagement and the second retractor blade is connected to the second bone anchor shank in a polyaxial engagement. 8. The method of claim 2, comprising the additional step of operating the retractor body to distract the intervertebral disc space. 9. The method of claim 1, comprising the additional step of coupling a secondary retractor body directly to one of the first retractor blade and second retractor blade, the secondary retractor body being positioned medially relative to the first and second retractor blades, and connecting a third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary retractor body includes a retraction mechanism and splay mechanism. 11. The method of claim 10, comprising the additional step of operating at least one of the secondary retractor body retraction mechanism and splay mechanism to expand the size of the operative corridor medially. 12. The method of claim 9, wherein the secondary retractor body couples directly to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade. 13. The method of claim 1, wherein a portion of the first bone anchor is connected to the first retractor blade via a capture ring integral to and extending from a distal end of the first retractor blade, the capture ring having a center aperture sized to receive a neck of a bone anchor therein, wherein the capture ring comprises a static foot and a pivot foot, the pivot foot pivoting away from the static foot to an open position to permit passage of the bone anchor neck into the capture ring and pivoting towards the static foot to a closed position to capture the bone anchor neck within the capture ring center aperture, wherein the first retractor blade further comprises a lock to lock the pivot foot in the closed position, wherein the distal end of the first retractor blade includes a static arm and a pivot arm pivotally coupled to the static arm, the static foot extending from the static arm and the pivot foot extending from the pivot foot. 14. The method of claim 9, wherein connecting the third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body includes advancing the third retractor blade to the spine while coupled to an insertion tool, using a distal end of the third blade to first elevate tissue off of the spine and then connecting the third blade to the secondary retractor body and releasing the insertion tool. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the distal end of the third blade includes a distal end extension configured to lock to the third blade in a number of discrete extension positions. 16. The method of claim 15, comprising the additional steps of using the distal end of the third blade to first elevate tissue off of the spine and then connecting the third blade to the secondary retractor body further include the step of manipulating the insertion tool to disengage a lock of the distal extension to adjust the height of the blade to connect to the third blade to the secondary retractor body while maintaining contact with the spine at the distal end. 17. A method for attaching a fixation system to the spine of a patient, the fixation system including at least two bone anchors, comprising the steps of:
connecting a first retractor blade directly to a shank of a first bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the first retractor blade, advancing the first bone anchor shank and first retractor blade together to a first spinal vertebra, and anchoring the first bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the first spinal vertebra; connecting a second retractor blade directly to a shank of a second bone anchor via a capture mechanism integrally associated with a distal end of the second retractor blade, advancing the second bone anchor shank and second retractor blade together to a second spinal vertebra, and anchoring the second bone anchor shank through a pedicle of the second vertebra, wherein the second vertebra is separated from the first vertebra by an intervertebral disc space and the first vertebra, second vertebra, and intervertebral disc space comprise a first spinal level; and connecting a retractor body to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade and operating the retractor body to expand an operative corridor formed between the first retractor blade and second retractor blade from the skin level of the patient to the spine. 18. The method of claim 17, comprising the additional step of coupling a secondary retractor body directly to one of the first retractor blade and second retractor blade, the secondary retractor body being positioned medially relative to the first and second retractor blades, and connecting a third retractor blade to the secondary retractor body, wherein the secondary retractor body includes a retraction mechanism and a splay mechanism. 19. The method of claim 18, comprising the additional step of operating at least one of the secondary retractor body retraction mechanism and the splay mechanism to expand the size of the operative corridor medially. 20. The method of claim 19, wherein the secondary retractor body couples directly to the first retractor blade and the second retractor blade. | 3,600 |
349,741 | 350,615 | 16,854,384 | 3,668 | A method of coupling a pipe length to a piping element includes sliding a gland over an end of the pipe length, the gland including a joint restraint assembly, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; inserting the end of the pipe length into a socket defined by the piping element; fastening the gland to the piping element; and activating the joint restraint assembly to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket by rotating a gripper in an engagement direction of the joint restraint assembly; and engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in an initial engagement position. | 1. A method of coupling a pipe length to a piping element, the method comprising:
sliding a gland over an end of the pipe length, the gland comprising a joint restraint assembly, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; inserting the end of the pipe length into a socket defined by the piping element; fastening the gland to the piping element; and activating the joint restraint assembly to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket by:
rotating a gripper in an engagement direction of the joint restraint assembly; and
engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in an initial engagement position. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the gripper comprises a plurality of gripping protuberances; and engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in the initial engagement position comprises engaging a one of the gripping protuberances with the outer pipe surface. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising rotating the gripper in the engagement direction to a final engagement position wherein all of the gripping protuberances engage the outer pipe surface. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the gland defines a gland bore; the gland bore defines a gland axis; the gripper defines an engagement end and a lever end disposed opposite from the engagement end; and rotating the gripper in the engagement direction comprises moving the engagement end inwards towards the gland axis. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the joint restraint assembly further comprises removing a deactivation mechanism from the gripper. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving the pipe length outwards from the socket in a withdrawal direction to rotate the gripper about the restraint pivot in the engagement direction. | A method of coupling a pipe length to a piping element includes sliding a gland over an end of the pipe length, the gland including a joint restraint assembly, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; inserting the end of the pipe length into a socket defined by the piping element; fastening the gland to the piping element; and activating the joint restraint assembly to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket by rotating a gripper in an engagement direction of the joint restraint assembly; and engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in an initial engagement position.1. A method of coupling a pipe length to a piping element, the method comprising:
sliding a gland over an end of the pipe length, the gland comprising a joint restraint assembly, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; inserting the end of the pipe length into a socket defined by the piping element; fastening the gland to the piping element; and activating the joint restraint assembly to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket by:
rotating a gripper in an engagement direction of the joint restraint assembly; and
engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in an initial engagement position. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the gripper comprises a plurality of gripping protuberances; and engaging the gripper with the outer pipe surface in the initial engagement position comprises engaging a one of the gripping protuberances with the outer pipe surface. 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising rotating the gripper in the engagement direction to a final engagement position wherein all of the gripping protuberances engage the outer pipe surface. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the gland defines a gland bore; the gland bore defines a gland axis; the gripper defines an engagement end and a lever end disposed opposite from the engagement end; and rotating the gripper in the engagement direction comprises moving the engagement end inwards towards the gland axis. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein activating the joint restraint assembly further comprises removing a deactivation mechanism from the gripper. 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising moving the pipe length outwards from the socket in a withdrawal direction to rotate the gripper about the restraint pivot in the engagement direction. | 3,600 |
349,742 | 350,616 | 16,854,351 | 1,747 | A mid-temperature electronic cigarette that heats ingredients to a temperature range between 125 and 145 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature range is critical for a consistent cigarette-like taste, aroma, and physiological satisfaction. The ingredients can include tobacco extract, ethyl nicotinate, ethanol, nicotine and ethanol-based flavors, DMEA, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG). Due to the consistent temperature range, the mid-temperature electronic cigarette can consistently deliver 8-10 μg nicotine per puff, for at least 10 puffs, over 2-8 hours. | 1. A cigarette substitute device comprising:
a supply reservoir that contains a composition that includes both nicotine and ethanol, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG); and a heater configured to heat the composition to a predetermined temperature range between 125-145 degrees Fahrenheit. 2. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature range is 130-140 degrees Fahrenheit. 3. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature range is 134-136 degrees Fahrenheit. 4. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the heater stops heating when the composition is above 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and starts heating when the composition is below 125 degrees Fahrenheit. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprising ethyl nicotinate. 8. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprising an ethanol-based flavor. 9. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the heater is positioned within the supply reservoir. 10. (canceled) 11. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising a sensor for sensing a temperature inside the supply reservoir. 12. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising an air hole. 13. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising a microprocessor configured to control heating of the composition. 14. The cigarette substitute device of claim 13, wherein the microprocessor is programed to turn on the heater when temperature inside the reservoir is below 125 degrees Fahrenheit, and to turn off the heater when temperature inside the reservoir is above 145 degrees Fahrenheit. 15-18. (canceled) 19. A cigarette substitute device having a single supply reservoir, and configured to deliver differing amounts of nicotine as a function of temperature of a composition in the supply reservoir, and an amount breathed in by a user, comprising:
the composition comprising tobacco extract, ethyl nicotinate, and ethanol, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG);
and
a heater configured to heat the supply reservoir to a predetermined temperature range between 125-145 degrees Fahrenheit. 20. (canceled) | A mid-temperature electronic cigarette that heats ingredients to a temperature range between 125 and 145 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature range is critical for a consistent cigarette-like taste, aroma, and physiological satisfaction. The ingredients can include tobacco extract, ethyl nicotinate, ethanol, nicotine and ethanol-based flavors, DMEA, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG). Due to the consistent temperature range, the mid-temperature electronic cigarette can consistently deliver 8-10 μg nicotine per puff, for at least 10 puffs, over 2-8 hours.1. A cigarette substitute device comprising:
a supply reservoir that contains a composition that includes both nicotine and ethanol, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG); and a heater configured to heat the composition to a predetermined temperature range between 125-145 degrees Fahrenheit. 2. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature range is 130-140 degrees Fahrenheit. 3. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the predetermined temperature range is 134-136 degrees Fahrenheit. 4. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the heater stops heating when the composition is above 145 degrees Fahrenheit, and starts heating when the composition is below 125 degrees Fahrenheit. 5-6. (canceled) 7. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprising ethyl nicotinate. 8. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the composition further comprising an ethanol-based flavor. 9. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, wherein the heater is positioned within the supply reservoir. 10. (canceled) 11. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising a sensor for sensing a temperature inside the supply reservoir. 12. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising an air hole. 13. The cigarette substitute device of claim 1, further comprising a microprocessor configured to control heating of the composition. 14. The cigarette substitute device of claim 13, wherein the microprocessor is programed to turn on the heater when temperature inside the reservoir is below 125 degrees Fahrenheit, and to turn off the heater when temperature inside the reservoir is above 145 degrees Fahrenheit. 15-18. (canceled) 19. A cigarette substitute device having a single supply reservoir, and configured to deliver differing amounts of nicotine as a function of temperature of a composition in the supply reservoir, and an amount breathed in by a user, comprising:
the composition comprising tobacco extract, ethyl nicotinate, and ethanol, but not propylene glycol (PG) or vegetable glycerin (VG);
and
a heater configured to heat the supply reservoir to a predetermined temperature range between 125-145 degrees Fahrenheit. 20. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,743 | 350,617 | 16,854,344 | 1,747 | The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging apparatus that can further downsize the size of the apparatus. The solid-state imaging apparatus is configured by laminating a first structure body, at which a pixel array unit in which pixels for performing photoelectric conversion are two-dimensionally aligned is formed, and a second structure body, at which an output circuit unit for outputting a pixel signal outputted from the pixels to the outside of the apparatus is formed. The output circuit unit, a through via which penetrates a semiconductor substrate constituting a part of the second structure body, and a signal output external terminal connected to the outside of the apparatus are arranged under the pixel array unit of the first structure body, the output circuit unit is connected to the signal output external terminal via the through via, and the outermost surface of the apparatus is a resin layer formed on an upper layer of an on-chip lens of the pixel array unit. The present technology can be applied to, for example, solid-state imaging apparatuses and the like incorporated into wearable products and the like. | 1. A solid-state imaging apparatus, comprising:
a laminated structure including:
a semiconductor substrate;
a pixel array having pixels, wherein each pixel includes a photodiode;
an output circuit outputting a pixel signal outputted from the pixels; and
a signal output external terminal connected to the output circuit via a through via;
an on-chip lens above the laminated structure; and a lens structure fixed to the on-chip lens through a sealing resin. 2. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rib structure body. 3. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, comprising
a resin layer formed on a surface of the on-chip lens. 4. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, comprising
an antireflection film formed on a surface of the on-chip lens. 5. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a laminated lens structure body formed above the laminated structure. 6. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the laminated lens structure body comprises a plurality of lens-attached substrates. 7. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each lens-attached substrate has a configuration in which a lens resin portion is added to a carrier substrate. 8. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the carrier substrate has a through hole, and wherein the resin portion is formed inside the through hole. 9. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rib structure body has a rectangular shape so as to surround an outer peripheral portion of the pixel array unit. 10. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the laminated lens structure body is formed by laminating together two lens-attached substrates. | The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging apparatus that can further downsize the size of the apparatus. The solid-state imaging apparatus is configured by laminating a first structure body, at which a pixel array unit in which pixels for performing photoelectric conversion are two-dimensionally aligned is formed, and a second structure body, at which an output circuit unit for outputting a pixel signal outputted from the pixels to the outside of the apparatus is formed. The output circuit unit, a through via which penetrates a semiconductor substrate constituting a part of the second structure body, and a signal output external terminal connected to the outside of the apparatus are arranged under the pixel array unit of the first structure body, the output circuit unit is connected to the signal output external terminal via the through via, and the outermost surface of the apparatus is a resin layer formed on an upper layer of an on-chip lens of the pixel array unit. The present technology can be applied to, for example, solid-state imaging apparatuses and the like incorporated into wearable products and the like.1. A solid-state imaging apparatus, comprising:
a laminated structure including:
a semiconductor substrate;
a pixel array having pixels, wherein each pixel includes a photodiode;
an output circuit outputting a pixel signal outputted from the pixels; and
a signal output external terminal connected to the output circuit via a through via;
an on-chip lens above the laminated structure; and a lens structure fixed to the on-chip lens through a sealing resin. 2. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a rib structure body. 3. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, comprising
a resin layer formed on a surface of the on-chip lens. 4. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, comprising
an antireflection film formed on a surface of the on-chip lens. 5. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a laminated lens structure body formed above the laminated structure. 6. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the laminated lens structure body comprises a plurality of lens-attached substrates. 7. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 6, wherein each lens-attached substrate has a configuration in which a lens resin portion is added to a carrier substrate. 8. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the carrier substrate has a through hole, and wherein the resin portion is formed inside the through hole. 9. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rib structure body has a rectangular shape so as to surround an outer peripheral portion of the pixel array unit. 10. The solid-state imaging apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the laminated lens structure body is formed by laminating together two lens-attached substrates. | 1,700 |
349,744 | 350,618 | 16,854,357 | 1,747 | Systems and methods are provided for insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel. The system may include a sheath assembly with an introducer sheath and a variable size repositioning sheath. The variable size repositioning sheath may be configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction and to be inserted into the blood vessel or an expandable introducer sheath. In some aspects, the system may include an intracardiac device such as a blood pump with an elongate catheter. | 1. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
an introducer sheath; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be inserted into a blood vessel and to be adjustable in size in a radial direction. 2. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable to a radial size that is up to 2 Fr smaller than a radial size of the introducer sheath. 3. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 4. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 5. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 6. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 7. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
an expandable introducer sheath; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be inserted into the expandable introducer sheath and to be adjustable in size in a radial direction. 8. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 9. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 10. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 11. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 12. A blood pump system, comprising:
an intracardiac device comprising a pump and a cannula, the pump having a pump housing, a rotor, and an opening in the pump housing, the cannula having a proximal end that interfaces with a distal end of the pump housing and a distal end with at least one distal opening, the pump being configured to be operated by a motor; an elongate catheter coupled on its distal end to the motor or to the pump housing; and a sheath assembly, comprising:
an introducer sheath configured to introduce the intracardiac device into a blood vessel; and
a variable size repositioning sheath that is adjustable in a radial direction, the variable size repositioning sheath configured to reposition the intracardiac device inside the blood vessel. 13. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable to a radial size that is up to 2 Fr smaller than a radial size of the introducer sheath. 14. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 15. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 16. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 17. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 18. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
a peel-away introducer sheath having a sheath body with a fixed outer diameter; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction between at least a first state and a second state, wherein when the variable size repositioning sheath is in the first state, an outer diameter of the variable size repositioning sheath is larger than the fixed outer diameter, and wherein when the variable size repositioning sheath is in the second state, the outer diameter of the variable size repositioning sheath is smaller than the fixed outer diameter. 19. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 20. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 21. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 22. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. | Systems and methods are provided for insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel. The system may include a sheath assembly with an introducer sheath and a variable size repositioning sheath. The variable size repositioning sheath may be configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction and to be inserted into the blood vessel or an expandable introducer sheath. In some aspects, the system may include an intracardiac device such as a blood pump with an elongate catheter.1. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
an introducer sheath; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be inserted into a blood vessel and to be adjustable in size in a radial direction. 2. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable to a radial size that is up to 2 Fr smaller than a radial size of the introducer sheath. 3. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 4. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 5. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 6. The sheath assembly of claim 1, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 7. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
an expandable introducer sheath; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be inserted into the expandable introducer sheath and to be adjustable in size in a radial direction. 8. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 9. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 10. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 11. The sheath assembly of claim 7, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 12. A blood pump system, comprising:
an intracardiac device comprising a pump and a cannula, the pump having a pump housing, a rotor, and an opening in the pump housing, the cannula having a proximal end that interfaces with a distal end of the pump housing and a distal end with at least one distal opening, the pump being configured to be operated by a motor; an elongate catheter coupled on its distal end to the motor or to the pump housing; and a sheath assembly, comprising:
an introducer sheath configured to introduce the intracardiac device into a blood vessel; and
a variable size repositioning sheath that is adjustable in a radial direction, the variable size repositioning sheath configured to reposition the intracardiac device inside the blood vessel. 13. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable to a radial size that is up to 2 Fr smaller than a radial size of the introducer sheath. 14. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 15. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 16. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 17. The blood pump system of claim 12, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. 18. A sheath assembly for the insertion of a medical device into a blood vessel, the sheath assembly comprising:
a peel-away introducer sheath having a sheath body with a fixed outer diameter; and a variable size repositioning sheath configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction between at least a first state and a second state, wherein when the variable size repositioning sheath is in the first state, an outer diameter of the variable size repositioning sheath is larger than the fixed outer diameter, and wherein when the variable size repositioning sheath is in the second state, the outer diameter of the variable size repositioning sheath is smaller than the fixed outer diameter. 19. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath comprises:
an outer repositioning sheath component; and an inner repositioning sheath component disposed at least partially within the outer repositioning sheath component, and wherein the variable size repositioning sheath is further configured to change in size in a radial direction based on the inner repositioning sheath component moving translationally or rotationally relative to the outer repositioning sheath component. 20. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be adjustable in size in a radial direction using the ratchet-type inner repositioning sheath component. 21. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises a cam-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the cam-type inner repositioning sheath component. 22. The sheath assembly of claim 18, wherein the variable size repositioning sheath further comprises mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component, and the variable size repositioning sheath is configured to be sized in the radial direction using the mandrel-type inner repositioning sheath component. | 1,700 |
349,745 | 350,619 | 16,854,304 | 1,747 | This document provides methods and materials related to hair care. For example, hair care compositions containing one or more quaternized polysiloxanes, one or more zwitterionic surfactants, one or more anionic surfactants, one or more botanical compounds, one or more amino acids, one or more vitamins, or any combination thereof as well as methods for using such hair care compositions are provided. | 1. A hair care composition selected from the group consisting of shampoos, styling gels, aerosol styling sprays, non-aerosol styling sprays, aerosol styling mousses, styling gels, styling pomades, and thermal protection sprays, wherein said hair care composition comprises between about 0.01 percent and about 5 percent of a quaternized polysiloxane. | This document provides methods and materials related to hair care. For example, hair care compositions containing one or more quaternized polysiloxanes, one or more zwitterionic surfactants, one or more anionic surfactants, one or more botanical compounds, one or more amino acids, one or more vitamins, or any combination thereof as well as methods for using such hair care compositions are provided.1. A hair care composition selected from the group consisting of shampoos, styling gels, aerosol styling sprays, non-aerosol styling sprays, aerosol styling mousses, styling gels, styling pomades, and thermal protection sprays, wherein said hair care composition comprises between about 0.01 percent and about 5 percent of a quaternized polysiloxane. | 1,700 |
349,746 | 350,620 | 16,854,369 | 1,747 | A mechanical joint includes a piping element, the piping element including an element flange, the piping element defining a socket extending inwards from the element flange; a pipe length, the pipe length extending through the element flange into the socket, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; and a gland, the pipe length extending through the gland, the gland including a joint restraint assembly, the joint restraint assembly including a restraint base; and a gripper disposed within the restraint pocket, the gripper configured to rotate in the restraint pocket, the gripper further configured to engage the outer pipe surface to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket. | 1. A mechanical joint comprising:
a piping element, the piping element comprising an element flange, the piping element defining a socket extending inwards from the element flange; a pipe length, the pipe length extending through the element flange into the socket, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; and a gland, the pipe length extending through the gland, the gland comprising a joint restraint assembly, the joint restraint assembly comprising:
a restraint base; and
a gripper disposed within the restraint pocket, the gripper configured to rotate in the restraint pocket, the gripper further configured to engage the outer pipe surface to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket. 2. The mechanical joint of claim 1, wherein:
the gripper defines an engagement end and a lever end disposed opposite from the engagement end; the gripper comprises a plurality of gripping protuberances disposed on the engagement end; and at least a one of the gripping protuberances engages the outer pipe surface. 3. The mechanical joint of claim 2, wherein:
the engagement end of the gripper is configured to exert increasing pressure on the outer pipe surface when the gripper is rotated in the restraint pocket in an engagement direction; the gripper is configured to rotate in the restraint pocket in the engagement direction when the pipe length is moved in a withdrawal direction outwards from the socket; the engagement end is configured to exert decreasing pressure on the outer pipe surface when the gripper is rotated in the restraint pocket in a disengagement direction; and the gripper is configured to rotate about the restraint pivot in the disengagement direction when the pipe length is moved in an insertion direction into the socket. 4. The mechanical joint of claim 3, wherein:
the restraint base defines a stop surface; and the stop surface is configured to contact the lever end of the gripper to prevent further rotation of the gripper in the engagement direction and further movement of the pipe length in the withdrawal direction. 5. The mechanical joint of claim 3, wherein:
the joint restraint assembly further comprises a spring clip; and the spring clip biases the gripper to rotate in the restraint pocket in the engagement direction. 6. The mechanical joint of claim 1, further comprising a gasket, and wherein:
the pipe length extends through the gasket; the gasket is compressed between the piping element and the gland; and the gasket forms a seal with the outer pipe surface. | A mechanical joint includes a piping element, the piping element including an element flange, the piping element defining a socket extending inwards from the element flange; a pipe length, the pipe length extending through the element flange into the socket, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; and a gland, the pipe length extending through the gland, the gland including a joint restraint assembly, the joint restraint assembly including a restraint base; and a gripper disposed within the restraint pocket, the gripper configured to rotate in the restraint pocket, the gripper further configured to engage the outer pipe surface to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket.1. A mechanical joint comprising:
a piping element, the piping element comprising an element flange, the piping element defining a socket extending inwards from the element flange; a pipe length, the pipe length extending through the element flange into the socket, the pipe length defining an outer pipe surface; and a gland, the pipe length extending through the gland, the gland comprising a joint restraint assembly, the joint restraint assembly comprising:
a restraint base; and
a gripper disposed within the restraint pocket, the gripper configured to rotate in the restraint pocket, the gripper further configured to engage the outer pipe surface to prevent removal of the pipe length from the socket. 2. The mechanical joint of claim 1, wherein:
the gripper defines an engagement end and a lever end disposed opposite from the engagement end; the gripper comprises a plurality of gripping protuberances disposed on the engagement end; and at least a one of the gripping protuberances engages the outer pipe surface. 3. The mechanical joint of claim 2, wherein:
the engagement end of the gripper is configured to exert increasing pressure on the outer pipe surface when the gripper is rotated in the restraint pocket in an engagement direction; the gripper is configured to rotate in the restraint pocket in the engagement direction when the pipe length is moved in a withdrawal direction outwards from the socket; the engagement end is configured to exert decreasing pressure on the outer pipe surface when the gripper is rotated in the restraint pocket in a disengagement direction; and the gripper is configured to rotate about the restraint pivot in the disengagement direction when the pipe length is moved in an insertion direction into the socket. 4. The mechanical joint of claim 3, wherein:
the restraint base defines a stop surface; and the stop surface is configured to contact the lever end of the gripper to prevent further rotation of the gripper in the engagement direction and further movement of the pipe length in the withdrawal direction. 5. The mechanical joint of claim 3, wherein:
the joint restraint assembly further comprises a spring clip; and the spring clip biases the gripper to rotate in the restraint pocket in the engagement direction. 6. The mechanical joint of claim 1, further comprising a gasket, and wherein:
the pipe length extends through the gasket; the gasket is compressed between the piping element and the gland; and the gasket forms a seal with the outer pipe surface. | 1,700 |
349,747 | 350,621 | 16,854,377 | 1,747 | A read channel is configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit. A buffer is coupled the read channel. Circuitry is configured to inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium. The circuitry is also configured to store, in a buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for each of the different phase offsets. The circuitry is further configured to generate an oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer. | 1. A method, comprising:
obtaining, via a read channel of a disk drive, a readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit; for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium, injecting a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the sampling rate; and measuring a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase offsets range from a maximum negative phase offset to a maximum positive phase offset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the phase offsets range from about −50% to about +50% relative to a nominal phase of the readback waveform. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining the readback waveform comprises recovering a written-in phase from a preamble of the readback waveform; and injecting the phase offsets comprises injecting positive phase offsets and negative phase offsets into the read channel relative to the written-in phase. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising:
storing, in a buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for a nominal phase offset and each of the different phase offsets; and generating an oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the readback waveform is oversampled by a factor ranging from 2 to 32. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 9. An apparatus, comprising:
a read channel configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit; a buffer coupled to the read channel; and circuitry configured to:
for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium, inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the sampling rate; and
measure a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the phase offsets range from a maximum negative phase offset to a maximum positive phase offset. 11. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the phase offsets range from about −50% to about +50% relative to a nominal phase of the readback waveform. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the read channel is configured to obtain the readback waveform by recovering a written-in phase from a preamble of the readback waveform; and the circuitry is configured to inject positive phase offsets and negative phase offsets into the read channel relative to the written-in phase. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
store, in the buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for a nominal phase offset and each of the different phase offsets; and generate the oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the readback waveform is oversampled by a factor ranging from 2 to 32. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the disk drive is a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive. 18. An apparatus, comprising:
a read channel configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a predetermined sampling rate; a buffer coupled to the read channel; and circuitry configured to:
inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the predetermined sampling rate; and
measure a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient; and the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the disk drive is a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive. | A read channel is configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit. A buffer is coupled the read channel. Circuitry is configured to inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium. The circuitry is also configured to store, in a buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for each of the different phase offsets. The circuitry is further configured to generate an oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer.1. A method, comprising:
obtaining, via a read channel of a disk drive, a readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit; for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium, injecting a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the sampling rate; and measuring a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the phase offsets range from a maximum negative phase offset to a maximum positive phase offset. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the phase offsets range from about −50% to about +50% relative to a nominal phase of the readback waveform. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein:
obtaining the readback waveform comprises recovering a written-in phase from a preamble of the readback waveform; and injecting the phase offsets comprises injecting positive phase offsets and negative phase offsets into the read channel relative to the written-in phase. 5. The method of claim 1, comprising:
storing, in a buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for a nominal phase offset and each of the different phase offsets; and generating an oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the readback waveform is oversampled by a factor ranging from 2 to 32. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient. 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 9. An apparatus, comprising:
a read channel configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a sampling rate of one sample per one written bit; a buffer coupled to the read channel; and circuitry configured to:
for each of a plurality of revolutions of the medium, inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the sampling rate; and
measure a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the phase offsets range from a maximum negative phase offset to a maximum positive phase offset. 11. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the phase offsets range from about −50% to about +50% relative to a nominal phase of the readback waveform. 12. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein:
the read channel is configured to obtain the readback waveform by recovering a written-in phase from a preamble of the readback waveform; and the circuitry is configured to inject positive phase offsets and negative phase offsets into the read channel relative to the written-in phase. 13. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
store, in the buffer, an amplitude of the readback waveform for a nominal phase offset and each of the different phase offsets; and generate the oversampled readback waveform using the amplitudes stored in the buffer. 14. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the readback waveform is oversampled by a factor ranging from 2 to 32. 15. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient. 16. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 17. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the disk drive is a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive. 18. An apparatus, comprising:
a read channel configured to obtain an analog readback waveform from a magnetic recording medium of a disk drive at a predetermined sampling rate; a buffer coupled to the read channel; and circuitry configured to:
inject a plurality of different phase offsets into the read channel to cause oversampling of the readback waveform at an oversampling rate higher than the predetermined sampling rate; and
measure a metric or a phenomenon of disk drive operation that requires sampling of the readback waveform at the oversampling rate. 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein:
the phenomenon of disk drive operation comprises one or both of a mode hop and a thermal gradient; and the metric of disk drive operation comprises one or more of ensemble waveform signal-to-noise (EWSNR) ratio, channel bit density, and dibit response. 20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the disk drive is a heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) disk drive. | 1,700 |
349,748 | 350,622 | 16,854,376 | 1,747 | A well cementing method is described for improving cementing quality by controlling the hydration heat of cement slurry. By controlling the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry, the method improves the hydration heat release during formation of cement with curing of cement slurry, improves the binding quality between the cement and the interfaces, and in turn improves the cementing quality at the open hole section and/or the overlap section. The cementing method improves cementing quality of oil and gas wells and reduces the risk of annular pressure. | 1. A well cementing method for improving cementing quality by controlling the hydration heat of cement slurry, wherein
by controlling the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry, the method improves the hydration heat release during formation of cement with curing of cement slurry, improves the binding quality between the cement and the interfaces, and in turn improves the cementing quality at the open hole section and/or the overlap section; wherein the cementing quality at the open hole section is improved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry; and the cementing quality at the overlap section is improved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry. 2. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein increasing the degree of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding a material generating a high hydration heat to cement slurry. 3. The well cementing method according the claim 2, wherein the material generating a high hydration heat includes an accelerating early strength agent. 4. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein increasing the rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by either or both of adding an accelerating early strength agent, and shortening the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 5. The well cementing method according to claim 4, wherein the accelerating early strength agent includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium formate, sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, calcium formate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, sodium aluminate, metakaolin, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, strontium sulfate, strontium carbonate, strontium nitrate, lithium carbonate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, dihydrate gypsum, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, activated slag, and ultra-fine cement. 6. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein lowering the degree of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding an inert material to cement slurry, reducing the addition amount of a material generating a high hydration heat, and/or prolonging the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 7. The well cementing method according to claim 6, wherein the inert material includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: iron ore powder, barite, hollow glass beads, and quartz sand. 8. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein lowering the rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding a retarder and/or prolonging the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 9. The well cementing method according to claim 8, wherein the retarder includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: an organic phosphonate-based retarder, an AMPS-based retarder, a phosphate-based retarder, glucose, and sodium borate. 10. The well cementing method according claim 1, wherein the cement component in the cement slurry is one of or a combination of two or more of: class A oil well cement, class B oil well cement, class C oil well cement, class D oil well cement, class E oil well cement, class F oil well cement, class G oil well cement, class H oil well cement, and class J oil well cement. 11. The well cementing method according to claim 10, wherein the cement slurry further contains one of or a combination of two or more of: a toughening agent, a fluid loss additive, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, a fleeing-proof agent, silica, and water. 12. The well cementing method according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the strength and/or elastic modulus of the cement formed from the cement slurry. 13. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein for well cementing of a well of a pure overlap section, hydration heat is controlled by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, the additional safety time is 60-300 minutes for thickening of the lead slurry and 30-200 minutes for thickening of the tail slurry. 14. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein the well cementing is performed on a long-overlap-section well having a length of overlap section greater than 150 m; wherein
for well cementing with single setting cement slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes; for well cementing with multi-setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for intermediate slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the intermediate slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-200 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes. 15. The well cementing method according to claim 14, wherein for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry or multi-setting cement slurry, the tail slurry enters the overlap section by 100 m or more. 16. The well cementing method according to claim 15, wherein for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry or multi-setting cement slurry, the tail slurry enters the overlap section by 100 m to 300 m. 17. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein the well cementing is performed on a short-overlap-section well having a length of the overlap section not greater than 150 m; wherein
for well cementing with single setting cement slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes; for well cementing with multi-setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for intermediate slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the intermediate slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-200 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes. 18. The well cementing method according to claim 13, wherein the high strength occurs when the strength of the cement formed from the cement slurry is not lower than the compression strength of pure cement under the same conditions. 19. The well cementing method according to claim 18, wherein the high strength occurs when the 7-day strength is greater than 28 MPa. 20. The well cementing method according to claim 13, wherein the low elastic modulus occurs when the elastic modulus of the cement formed from the cement slurry is smaller than that of pure cement under the same conditions;
wherein the low elastic modulus occurs when the elastic modulus is less than 10 GPa. | A well cementing method is described for improving cementing quality by controlling the hydration heat of cement slurry. By controlling the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry, the method improves the hydration heat release during formation of cement with curing of cement slurry, improves the binding quality between the cement and the interfaces, and in turn improves the cementing quality at the open hole section and/or the overlap section. The cementing method improves cementing quality of oil and gas wells and reduces the risk of annular pressure.1. A well cementing method for improving cementing quality by controlling the hydration heat of cement slurry, wherein
by controlling the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry, the method improves the hydration heat release during formation of cement with curing of cement slurry, improves the binding quality between the cement and the interfaces, and in turn improves the cementing quality at the open hole section and/or the overlap section; wherein the cementing quality at the open hole section is improved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry; and the cementing quality at the overlap section is improved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry. 2. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein increasing the degree of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding a material generating a high hydration heat to cement slurry. 3. The well cementing method according the claim 2, wherein the material generating a high hydration heat includes an accelerating early strength agent. 4. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein increasing the rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by either or both of adding an accelerating early strength agent, and shortening the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 5. The well cementing method according to claim 4, wherein the accelerating early strength agent includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium formate, sodium nitrite, calcium chloride, calcium formate, calcium sulfate, calcium metasilicate, sodium aluminate, metakaolin, magnesium trisilicate, magnesium oxide, strontium sulfate, strontium carbonate, strontium nitrate, lithium carbonate, gypsum, hemihydrate gypsum, dihydrate gypsum, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, activated slag, and ultra-fine cement. 6. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein lowering the degree of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding an inert material to cement slurry, reducing the addition amount of a material generating a high hydration heat, and/or prolonging the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 7. The well cementing method according to claim 6, wherein the inert material includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: iron ore powder, barite, hollow glass beads, and quartz sand. 8. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein lowering the rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry is achieved by adding a retarder and/or prolonging the additional safety time for thickening of cement slurry. 9. The well cementing method according to claim 8, wherein the retarder includes one of, or a combination of two or more of: an organic phosphonate-based retarder, an AMPS-based retarder, a phosphate-based retarder, glucose, and sodium borate. 10. The well cementing method according claim 1, wherein the cement component in the cement slurry is one of or a combination of two or more of: class A oil well cement, class B oil well cement, class C oil well cement, class D oil well cement, class E oil well cement, class F oil well cement, class G oil well cement, class H oil well cement, and class J oil well cement. 11. The well cementing method according to claim 10, wherein the cement slurry further contains one of or a combination of two or more of: a toughening agent, a fluid loss additive, a dispersant, a defoaming agent, a fleeing-proof agent, silica, and water. 12. The well cementing method according to claim 1, further comprising controlling the strength and/or elastic modulus of the cement formed from the cement slurry. 13. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein for well cementing of a well of a pure overlap section, hydration heat is controlled by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, the additional safety time is 60-300 minutes for thickening of the lead slurry and 30-200 minutes for thickening of the tail slurry. 14. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein the well cementing is performed on a long-overlap-section well having a length of overlap section greater than 150 m; wherein
for well cementing with single setting cement slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes; for well cementing with multi-setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for intermediate slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the intermediate slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-200 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes. 15. The well cementing method according to claim 14, wherein for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry or multi-setting cement slurry, the tail slurry enters the overlap section by 100 m or more. 16. The well cementing method according to claim 15, wherein for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry or multi-setting cement slurry, the tail slurry enters the overlap section by 100 m to 300 m. 17. The well cementing method according to claim 1, wherein the well cementing is performed on a short-overlap-section well having a length of the overlap section not greater than 150 m; wherein
for well cementing with single setting cement slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the cement slurry; wherein the cement slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for well cementing with separable setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes; for well cementing with multi-setting cement slurry, for the lead slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by lowering the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the lead slurry is cement slurry with high strength and low elastic modulus, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-300 minutes; for intermediate slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the intermediate slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 60-200 minutes; and for the tail slurry, controlling of hydration heat is achieved by increasing the degree and/or rate of hydration heat release from the slurry, wherein the tail slurry is cement slurry with high strength, and its additional safety time for thickening is 30-60 minutes. 18. The well cementing method according to claim 13, wherein the high strength occurs when the strength of the cement formed from the cement slurry is not lower than the compression strength of pure cement under the same conditions. 19. The well cementing method according to claim 18, wherein the high strength occurs when the 7-day strength is greater than 28 MPa. 20. The well cementing method according to claim 13, wherein the low elastic modulus occurs when the elastic modulus of the cement formed from the cement slurry is smaller than that of pure cement under the same conditions;
wherein the low elastic modulus occurs when the elastic modulus is less than 10 GPa. | 1,700 |
349,749 | 350,623 | 16,854,347 | 1,747 | An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device and method of making is provided. The intermediate device includes (i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer, and (ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7, usually at most 6. | 1. An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6. 2. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region comprises an F or S termination. 3. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the Ga-based layer comprises Ga and a group 15 or group 16 element. 4. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal layer has a thermal conductivity of at least 200 Wm−1K−1. 5. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region is for forming a diamond layer thereon. 6. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region is exposed, covered with a diamond seed layer, or covered with a diamond layer. 7. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a via and the surface region abuts the via. 8. An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region comprising an F or S termination. 9. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the Ga-based layer comprises Ga and a group 15 or group 16 element. 10. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer has a thermal conductivity of at least 200 Wm−1K−1. 11. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the surface region is for forming a diamond layer thereon. 12. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the surface region is exposed, covered with a diamond seed layer, or covered with a diamond layer. 13. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises a via and the surface region abuts the via. 14. A method for forming an intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, the intermediate structure comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6, or 1) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer, and 2) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region comprising an F or S termination, said method comprising:
(a) providing a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and
(b) optionally, providing a metal layer on the substrate;
wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein step a comprises:
(a1) providing the substrate comprising the Ga-based layer, the Ga-based layer comprising a surface region having an isoelectric point of at least 7 or at least 8; and (a2) fluorinating or sulfurizing the surface region, thereby modifying the isoelectric point of the surface region to be less than 7 or at most 6; 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
(c) seeding diamond particles onto the surface region. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the surface region has a negative zeta potential. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
(d) growing a diamond layer from the seeded diamond particles. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the diamond layer is a coalescent microcrystalline diamond layer having an average grain size of 200 nm or more or an average grain size of 1 μm or more. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein step d of growing the diamond layer is performed at a temperature of below 500° C. | An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device and method of making is provided. The intermediate device includes (i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer, and (ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7, usually at most 6.1. An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6. 2. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region comprises an F or S termination. 3. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the Ga-based layer comprises Ga and a group 15 or group 16 element. 4. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the metal layer has a thermal conductivity of at least 200 Wm−1K−1. 5. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region is for forming a diamond layer thereon. 6. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the surface region is exposed, covered with a diamond seed layer, or covered with a diamond layer. 7. The intermediate structure according to claim 1, wherein the substrate comprises a via and the surface region abuts the via. 8. An intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region comprising an F or S termination. 9. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the Ga-based layer comprises Ga and a group 15 or group 16 element. 10. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the metal layer has a thermal conductivity of at least 200 Wm−1K−1. 11. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the surface region is for forming a diamond layer thereon. 12. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the surface region is exposed, covered with a diamond seed layer, or covered with a diamond layer. 13. The intermediate structure according to claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises a via and the surface region abuts the via. 14. A method for forming an intermediate structure for forming a semiconductor device, the intermediate structure comprising:
i) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and ii) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6, or 1) a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer, and 2) optionally, a metal layer on the substrate; wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region comprising an F or S termination, said method comprising:
(a) providing a substrate comprising a Ga-based layer; and
(b) optionally, providing a metal layer on the substrate;
wherein at least one of the Ga-based layer and, if present, the metal layer comprises at least a surface region having an isoelectric point of less than 7 or at most 6. 15. The method according to claim 14, wherein step a comprises:
(a1) providing the substrate comprising the Ga-based layer, the Ga-based layer comprising a surface region having an isoelectric point of at least 7 or at least 8; and (a2) fluorinating or sulfurizing the surface region, thereby modifying the isoelectric point of the surface region to be less than 7 or at most 6; 16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising:
(c) seeding diamond particles onto the surface region. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the surface region has a negative zeta potential. 18. The method according to claim 16, further comprising:
(d) growing a diamond layer from the seeded diamond particles. 19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the diamond layer is a coalescent microcrystalline diamond layer having an average grain size of 200 nm or more or an average grain size of 1 μm or more. 20. The method according to claim 18, wherein step d of growing the diamond layer is performed at a temperature of below 500° C. | 1,700 |
349,750 | 350,624 | 16,854,355 | 1,747 | or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are defined herein. The disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the disclosure, and its therapeutic uses. The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical composition of the compounds of the disclosure and a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a compound of the disclosure. | 1. A method of inhibiting neutral endopeptidase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formula (I): 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula (II): 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with one to two R3. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl, and R2 is H or (C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from:
(4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysine; and tert-butyl (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysinate; ethyl (2R,4S)-5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(4-(((S)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanamido)-2-methylpentanoate; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-arginine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)glycine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-alanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-valine; (4-(((2S, 4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-phenylalanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-tryptophan; and (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-isoleucine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. A method of treating a disorder or a disease associated with neutral endopeptidase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formula (I): 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is of Formula (II): 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with one to two R3. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl, and R2 is H or (C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is selected from:
(4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysine; and tert-butyl (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysinate; ethyl (2R,4S)-5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(4-(((S)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanamido)-2-methylpentanoate; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-arginine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)glycine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-alanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-valine; (4-(((2S, 4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-phenylalanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-tryptophan; and (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-isoleucine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. | or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R1 and R2 are defined herein. The disclosure also relates to a method for manufacturing the compounds of the disclosure, and its therapeutic uses. The present disclosure further provides pharmaceutical composition of the compounds of the disclosure and a combination of pharmacologically active agents and a compound of the disclosure.1. A method of inhibiting neutral endopeptidase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formula (I): 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is of Formula (II): 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with one to two R3. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl, and R2 is H or (C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is selected from:
(4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysine; and tert-butyl (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysinate; ethyl (2R,4S)-5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(4-(((S)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanamido)-2-methylpentanoate; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-arginine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)glycine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-alanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-valine; (4-(((2S, 4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-phenylalanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-tryptophan; and (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-isoleucine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 10. A method of treating a disorder or a disease associated with neutral endopeptidase activity in a subject in need thereof, comprising: administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the Formula (I): 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is of Formula (II): 12. The method according to claim 10, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl. 13. The method according to claim 10, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with one to two R3. 14. The method according to claim 10, wherein R2 is H or (C1-C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 15. The method according to claim 10, wherein R1 is H, ethyl, or t-butyl, and R2 is H or (C4)alkyl optionally substituted with —NH2. 16. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is selected from:
(4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysine; and tert-butyl (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-lysinate; ethyl (2R,4S)-5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-4-(4-(((S)-1-ethoxy-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanamido)-2-methylpentanoate; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-arginine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)glycine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-alanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-valine; (4-(((2S, 4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-phenylalanine; (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-tryptophan; and (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-isoleucine; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 17. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-leucine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 18. The method according to claim 10, wherein the compound is (4-(((2S,4R)-1-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-ethoxy-4-methyl-5-oxopentan-2-yl)amino)-4-oxobutanoyl)-L-histidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. 19. The method according to claim 10, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 21. The method according to claim 16, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 23. The method according to claim 17, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 24. The method according to claim 23, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. 25. The method according to claim 18, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, resistant hypertension, pulmonary heart disease, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), mitral stenosis and regurgitation, left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, renal insufficiency, renal failure, diabetic nephropathy, non-diabetic nephropathy, contrast-induced nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis, scleroderma, glomerular sclerosis, proteinuria of primary renal disease, renal vascular hypertension, diabetic retinopathy and end-stage renal disease (ESRD), endothelial dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation (AF), new onset of atrial fibrillation, recurrent atrial fibrillation, cardiac fibrosis, atrial flutter, detrimental vascular remodeling, plaque stabilization, myocardial infarction (MI), renal fibrosis, polycystic kidney disease (PKD), renal failure, cyclical oedema, Menière's disease, hyperaldosteronism, hypercalciuria, ascites, glaucoma, menstrual disorders, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia, endometriosis, and reproductive disorders, asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, inflammation, leukemia, pain, epilepsy, affective disorders, depression, psychotic condition, obesity, gastrointestinal disorders, wound healing, septic shock, gastric acid secretion dysfunction, hyperreninemia, cystic fibrosis, restenosis, type-2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, diabetic complications, atherosclerosis, and male and female sexual dysfunction. 26. The method according to claim 25, wherein the disorder or the disease is selected from hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, resistant hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF), and pulmonary arterial hypertension. | 1,700 |
349,751 | 350,625 | 16,854,385 | 1,747 | A steering device for steering a vehicle includes a movable member, a holding member, an impact absorbing member, a movement driving unit, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform first control and second control by which the movement driving unit is controlled. The first control is a control for moving the movable member along an axial direction of a shaft member within such a range that a front end of at least one of the shaft member and the movable member is located rearward of a space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The second control is a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement. | 1. A steering device for steering a vehicle, the steering device comprising:
a movable member configured to move along with a shaft member in an axial direction of the shaft member and to rotatably support the shaft member, the shaft member being connected, at a rear end of the shaft member in a front-rear direction of the vehicle, to an operating member; a holding member configured to hold the movable member so as to move in the axial direction; an impact absorbing member connected to the movable member, the impact absorbing member being configured to absorb impact as a front end portion of at least one of the shaft member and the movable member in the front-rear direction of the vehicle moves frontward in the axial direction inside a space for movement; a movement driving unit configured to move the movable member along the axial direction so as to change a position of the movable member in the axial direction in a vehicle body of the vehicle; and a controller, the controller being configured to perform first control and second control by which the movement driving unit is controlled, the first control being a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located rearward of the space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and the second control being a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement. 2. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to allow the second control to start when it is determined that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member. 3. The steering device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member when the operating member is located frontward of a predetermined position in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. 4. The steering device according to claim 3, further comprising an airbag housing part, wherein:
the airbag housing part is configured to move along with the shaft member in the axial direction and to house an airbag so as to allow the airbag to deploy; and the predetermined position is a position at which the airbag becomes unable to fulfill an expected function. 5. The steering device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member when a running state of the vehicle meets a predetermined condition. 6. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein:
the controller is configured to change, according to a running state of the vehicle, a length of the space for movement in the axial direction that is stored in a predetermined storage area; and the controller is configured to perform the first control and the second control using the changed length in the axial direction. 7. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to change, according to a running state of the vehicle, a length of the space for movement in the axial direction by controlling the movement driving unit. 8. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein:
the holding member includes a base member that is fixed to the vehicle body, and an intermediate member that is held by the base member so as to move in the axial direction and configured to hold the movable member so as to move in the axial direction; the movement driving unit includes a first driving part that moves the intermediate member relatively to the base member, and a second driving part that moves the movable member relatively to the intermediate member; and the controller is configured to control the first driving part in the first control so as to move the intermediate member relatively to the base member in a state where the front end portion is located rearward of the space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and configured to control the second driving part in the second control so as to move the movable member frontward in the front-rear direction of the vehicle within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement. 9. The steering device according to any one of claim 1, further comprising a stopper, wherein the stopper being configured to restrain the movable member from falling off the holding member by coming into contact with at least one of the shaft member and the movable member after the impact absorbing member starts to absorb impact. 10. The steering device according to claim 9, wherein the stopper includes at least one of a front stopper that is configured to restrict frontward movement of the shaft member and the movable member and a rear stopper that is configured to restrict rearward movement of the shaft member and the movable member. 11. The steering device according to claim 10, wherein the at least one of the front stopper and the rear stopper includes a buffer member that is disposed at such a position as to come into contact with at least one of the shaft member and the movable member. | A steering device for steering a vehicle includes a movable member, a holding member, an impact absorbing member, a movement driving unit, and a controller. The controller is configured to perform first control and second control by which the movement driving unit is controlled. The first control is a control for moving the movable member along an axial direction of a shaft member within such a range that a front end of at least one of the shaft member and the movable member is located rearward of a space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. The second control is a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement.1. A steering device for steering a vehicle, the steering device comprising:
a movable member configured to move along with a shaft member in an axial direction of the shaft member and to rotatably support the shaft member, the shaft member being connected, at a rear end of the shaft member in a front-rear direction of the vehicle, to an operating member; a holding member configured to hold the movable member so as to move in the axial direction; an impact absorbing member connected to the movable member, the impact absorbing member being configured to absorb impact as a front end portion of at least one of the shaft member and the movable member in the front-rear direction of the vehicle moves frontward in the axial direction inside a space for movement; a movement driving unit configured to move the movable member along the axial direction so as to change a position of the movable member in the axial direction in a vehicle body of the vehicle; and a controller, the controller being configured to perform first control and second control by which the movement driving unit is controlled, the first control being a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located rearward of the space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and the second control being a control for moving the movable member along the axial direction within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement. 2. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to allow the second control to start when it is determined that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member. 3. The steering device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member when the operating member is located frontward of a predetermined position in the front-rear direction of the vehicle. 4. The steering device according to claim 3, further comprising an airbag housing part, wherein:
the airbag housing part is configured to move along with the shaft member in the axial direction and to house an airbag so as to allow the airbag to deploy; and the predetermined position is a position at which the airbag becomes unable to fulfill an expected function. 5. The steering device according to claim 2, wherein the controller is configured to determine that there is no need to absorb impact by the impact absorbing member when a running state of the vehicle meets a predetermined condition. 6. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein:
the controller is configured to change, according to a running state of the vehicle, a length of the space for movement in the axial direction that is stored in a predetermined storage area; and the controller is configured to perform the first control and the second control using the changed length in the axial direction. 7. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein the controller is configured to change, according to a running state of the vehicle, a length of the space for movement in the axial direction by controlling the movement driving unit. 8. The steering device according to claim 1, wherein:
the holding member includes a base member that is fixed to the vehicle body, and an intermediate member that is held by the base member so as to move in the axial direction and configured to hold the movable member so as to move in the axial direction; the movement driving unit includes a first driving part that moves the intermediate member relatively to the base member, and a second driving part that moves the movable member relatively to the intermediate member; and the controller is configured to control the first driving part in the first control so as to move the intermediate member relatively to the base member in a state where the front end portion is located rearward of the space for movement in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, and configured to control the second driving part in the second control so as to move the movable member frontward in the front-rear direction of the vehicle within such a range that the front end portion is located inside the space for movement. 9. The steering device according to any one of claim 1, further comprising a stopper, wherein the stopper being configured to restrain the movable member from falling off the holding member by coming into contact with at least one of the shaft member and the movable member after the impact absorbing member starts to absorb impact. 10. The steering device according to claim 9, wherein the stopper includes at least one of a front stopper that is configured to restrict frontward movement of the shaft member and the movable member and a rear stopper that is configured to restrict rearward movement of the shaft member and the movable member. 11. The steering device according to claim 10, wherein the at least one of the front stopper and the rear stopper includes a buffer member that is disposed at such a position as to come into contact with at least one of the shaft member and the movable member. | 1,700 |
349,752 | 350,626 | 16,854,370 | 1,747 | The present disclosure relates to an information transmitter having an electronics circuit, said electronics circuit has a transmitter; an antenna operably connected to said transmitter. Memory storage elements are also included having unique identification data with at least one activation element capable of activating said electronics circuit to transmit said unique identification data to external receivers. The present disclosure also relates to a medicament delivery device utilizing the information transmitter. | 1: A medicament delivery device configured to administer a dose of medicament, where the medicament delivery device comprises:
a housing having a proximal end; a protective cap removably attached to the proximal end; a dose delivery mechanism positioned within the housing; a label affixed to a portion of the housing and to a portion of the protective cap, where the label comprises a tear line that is torn when the protective cap from the housing; an electronics circuit comprising: memory storage elements comprising unique identification data; and at least one activation element contained in the label that spans the tear line such that tearing the tear line causes the at least one activation element to activate the electronics circuit, wherein upon activation of the electronics circuit the unique identification data becomes available for retrieval from the memory storage elements. 2: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is located in a portion of the label attached to the protective cap. 3: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is located in a portion of the label attached to the housing. 4: The medicament delivery device of claim 1 wherein the electronics circuit is configured as a loop that is broken when the tear line is torn. 5: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, where the label is affixed to an outside surface of the housing and an outside surface of the protective cap. 6: The medicament delivery device of claim 1 further comprising a medicament container operatively associated with the dose delivery mechanism. 7: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one activation element comprises an electrical circuit element that is affected upon activation. 8: The medicament delivery device according to claim 7, wherein said electrical circuit element is a loop that is broken upon activation. 9: The medicament delivery device according to claim 7, wherein said electrical circuit element is a loop that is closed upon activation. 10: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, further comprises an electrical power unit operably arranged to power the electronics circuit. 11: The medicament delivery device according to claim 10, wherein the power unit is a small battery, power cell, or a photovoltaic panel. 12: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is electrically connected to a power unit and the at least one activation element comprises a non-conductive member arranged between the power unit and the electronics circuit, where the non-conductive member is removable upon activation such that removal of the non-conductive member electrically connects the power unit and electronics unit. 13: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein housing has an outer surface shape and the label is flexible such that it conforms to the outer surface shape of the housing. 14: The medicament delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the protective cap has an outer surface and a portion of the flexible label that is proximal of the tear line is attached and conforms to the outer surface of the protective cap. 15: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit comprises Bluetooth technology or NFC technology. 16: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein an interface is located between a distal end of the cap and a portion of the proximal end, and the tear line is aligned with the interface. 17: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the dose delivery mechanism becomes operable when the protective cap is removed by a user. 18: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit further comprises an antenna. 19: The medicament delivery device according to claim 18, where the electronics circuit further comprises a transmitter operably connected to the antenna such that activation of the transmitter allows for transmission of the unique identification data to an external receiver. 20: A medicament delivery device configured to administer a dose of medicament directly into a user through injection or inhalation, the medicament delivery device comprises:
a housing having a proximal end; a protective cap removably attached to the proximal end, where an interface is located between a distal end of the cap and a portion of the proximal end, and where the protective cap is removed by a user before the medicament delivery device is used; a dose delivery mechanism positioned within the housing; a label affixed to the housing and the protective cap covering the interface such that the label is torn along a tear line in the label when the user removes the protective cap from the housing; an electronics circuit comprising: a transmitter; an antenna operably connected to the transmitter; memory storage elements comprising unique identification data; and at least one activation element contained in the label that spans the tear line, where removal of the protective cap tears the tear line causing the at least one activation element to activate the electronics circuit, wherein upon activation the unique identification data becomes available for retrieval from the memory storage elements. | The present disclosure relates to an information transmitter having an electronics circuit, said electronics circuit has a transmitter; an antenna operably connected to said transmitter. Memory storage elements are also included having unique identification data with at least one activation element capable of activating said electronics circuit to transmit said unique identification data to external receivers. The present disclosure also relates to a medicament delivery device utilizing the information transmitter.1: A medicament delivery device configured to administer a dose of medicament, where the medicament delivery device comprises:
a housing having a proximal end; a protective cap removably attached to the proximal end; a dose delivery mechanism positioned within the housing; a label affixed to a portion of the housing and to a portion of the protective cap, where the label comprises a tear line that is torn when the protective cap from the housing; an electronics circuit comprising: memory storage elements comprising unique identification data; and at least one activation element contained in the label that spans the tear line such that tearing the tear line causes the at least one activation element to activate the electronics circuit, wherein upon activation of the electronics circuit the unique identification data becomes available for retrieval from the memory storage elements. 2: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is located in a portion of the label attached to the protective cap. 3: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is located in a portion of the label attached to the housing. 4: The medicament delivery device of claim 1 wherein the electronics circuit is configured as a loop that is broken when the tear line is torn. 5: The medicament delivery device of claim 1, where the label is affixed to an outside surface of the housing and an outside surface of the protective cap. 6: The medicament delivery device of claim 1 further comprising a medicament container operatively associated with the dose delivery mechanism. 7: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein said at least one activation element comprises an electrical circuit element that is affected upon activation. 8: The medicament delivery device according to claim 7, wherein said electrical circuit element is a loop that is broken upon activation. 9: The medicament delivery device according to claim 7, wherein said electrical circuit element is a loop that is closed upon activation. 10: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, further comprises an electrical power unit operably arranged to power the electronics circuit. 11: The medicament delivery device according to claim 10, wherein the power unit is a small battery, power cell, or a photovoltaic panel. 12: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit is electrically connected to a power unit and the at least one activation element comprises a non-conductive member arranged between the power unit and the electronics circuit, where the non-conductive member is removable upon activation such that removal of the non-conductive member electrically connects the power unit and electronics unit. 13: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein housing has an outer surface shape and the label is flexible such that it conforms to the outer surface shape of the housing. 14: The medicament delivery device according to claim 13, wherein the protective cap has an outer surface and a portion of the flexible label that is proximal of the tear line is attached and conforms to the outer surface of the protective cap. 15: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit comprises Bluetooth technology or NFC technology. 16: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein an interface is located between a distal end of the cap and a portion of the proximal end, and the tear line is aligned with the interface. 17: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the dose delivery mechanism becomes operable when the protective cap is removed by a user. 18: The medicament delivery device according to claim 1, wherein the electronics circuit further comprises an antenna. 19: The medicament delivery device according to claim 18, where the electronics circuit further comprises a transmitter operably connected to the antenna such that activation of the transmitter allows for transmission of the unique identification data to an external receiver. 20: A medicament delivery device configured to administer a dose of medicament directly into a user through injection or inhalation, the medicament delivery device comprises:
a housing having a proximal end; a protective cap removably attached to the proximal end, where an interface is located between a distal end of the cap and a portion of the proximal end, and where the protective cap is removed by a user before the medicament delivery device is used; a dose delivery mechanism positioned within the housing; a label affixed to the housing and the protective cap covering the interface such that the label is torn along a tear line in the label when the user removes the protective cap from the housing; an electronics circuit comprising: a transmitter; an antenna operably connected to the transmitter; memory storage elements comprising unique identification data; and at least one activation element contained in the label that spans the tear line, where removal of the protective cap tears the tear line causing the at least one activation element to activate the electronics circuit, wherein upon activation the unique identification data becomes available for retrieval from the memory storage elements. | 1,700 |
349,753 | 350,627 | 16,854,383 | 1,747 | The present disclosure discloses a camera lens group including, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens. The first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power. A half of a maximum field of view HFOV of the camera lens group satisfies 0.8<tan(HFOV/2)<1.2. | 1. A camera lens group, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, wherein:
the first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power; the camera lens group further comprises a stop provided between the object side and the third lens, and comprises at least one lens made of glass and located between the stop and the image side, and among the lenses made of glass and located between the stop and the image side, a thermal expansion coefficient TCE of a lens closest to the stop at 20° C. satisfies TCE<15×10−6/K. 2. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −0.02<f/f4<0.5, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 3. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −0.45<f/f1<0, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens. 4. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.3<f1/f2<3, where f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens, and f2 is an effective focal length of the second lens. 5. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 1<ImgH×EPD/f2<2, where ImgH is a half of a diagonal length of an effective pixel area on an imaging plane of the camera lens group, EPD is an entrance pupil diameter of the camera lens group, and f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group. 6. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.8<tan(HFOV/2)<1.2, where HFOV is a half of a maximum field of view of the camera lens group. 7. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −2<R8/f4<0, where R8 is a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the fourth lens, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 8. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<T45×10/TTL<1.5, where T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TTL is a distance along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane of the camera lens group. 9. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<CT4/CT5<1.5, where CT4 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fourth lens, and CT5 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fifth lens. 10. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0<(T12+T23+T45)/TD<0.6,
where T12 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the first lens and the second lens, T23 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the second lens and the third lens, T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TD is a distance along the optical axis from the object-side surface of the first lens to an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 11. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.8≤DT21/DT52<1.6, where DT21 is a maximum effective radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 12. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<DT32/DT52<1, where DT32 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 13. A camera lens group, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, wherein:
the first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power; an object-side surface of the second lens has at least one inflection point, and 0.2<YC21/DT21<1, where YC21 is a vertical distance from a critical point on the object-side surface of the second lens to the optical axis, and DT21 is a maximum effective radius of the object-side surface of the second lens. 14. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein −0.02<f/f4<0.5, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 15. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein −0.45<f/f1<0, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens. 16. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5<T45×10/TTL<1.5, where T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TTL is a distance along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane of the camera lens group. 17. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5<CT4/CT5<1.5, where CT4 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fourth lens, and CT5 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fifth lens. 18. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.8<DT21/DT52<1.6, where DT21 is the maximum effective radius of the object-side surface of the second lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 19. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5≤DT32/DT52<1, where DT32 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, and DT52 is the maximum effective radius of the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 20. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 1<ImgH×EPD/f2<2, where ImgH is a half of a diagonal length of an effective pixel area on an imaging plane of the camera lens group, EPD is an entrance pupil diameter of the camera lens group, and f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group. | The present disclosure discloses a camera lens group including, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens. The first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power. A half of a maximum field of view HFOV of the camera lens group satisfies 0.8<tan(HFOV/2)<1.2.1. A camera lens group, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, wherein:
the first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power; the camera lens group further comprises a stop provided between the object side and the third lens, and comprises at least one lens made of glass and located between the stop and the image side, and among the lenses made of glass and located between the stop and the image side, a thermal expansion coefficient TCE of a lens closest to the stop at 20° C. satisfies TCE<15×10−6/K. 2. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −0.02<f/f4<0.5, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 3. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −0.45<f/f1<0, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens. 4. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.3<f1/f2<3, where f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens, and f2 is an effective focal length of the second lens. 5. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 1<ImgH×EPD/f2<2, where ImgH is a half of a diagonal length of an effective pixel area on an imaging plane of the camera lens group, EPD is an entrance pupil diameter of the camera lens group, and f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group. 6. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.8<tan(HFOV/2)<1.2, where HFOV is a half of a maximum field of view of the camera lens group. 7. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein −2<R8/f4<0, where R8 is a radius of curvature of the image-side surface of the fourth lens, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 8. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<T45×10/TTL<1.5, where T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TTL is a distance along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane of the camera lens group. 9. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<CT4/CT5<1.5, where CT4 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fourth lens, and CT5 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fifth lens. 10. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0<(T12+T23+T45)/TD<0.6,
where T12 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the first lens and the second lens, T23 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the second lens and the third lens, T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TD is a distance along the optical axis from the object-side surface of the first lens to an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 11. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.8≤DT21/DT52<1.6, where DT21 is a maximum effective radius of an object-side surface of the second lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 12. The camera lens group according to claim 1, wherein 0.5<DT32/DT52<1, where DT32 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 13. A camera lens group, comprising, sequentially from an object side to an image side of the camera lens group along an optical axis, a first lens, a second lens, a third lens, a fourth lens and a fifth lens, wherein:
the first lens has a negative refractive power; the second lens has a negative refractive power; the third lens has a refractive power, and an object-side surface of the third lens is concave; the fourth lens has a positive refractive power, an object-side surface of the fourth lens is convex, and an image-side surface of the fourth lens is convex; and the fifth lens has a refractive power; an object-side surface of the second lens has at least one inflection point, and 0.2<YC21/DT21<1, where YC21 is a vertical distance from a critical point on the object-side surface of the second lens to the optical axis, and DT21 is a maximum effective radius of the object-side surface of the second lens. 14. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein −0.02<f/f4<0.5, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f4 is an effective focal length of the fourth lens. 15. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein −0.45<f/f1<0, where f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group, and f1 is an effective focal length of the first lens. 16. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5<T45×10/TTL<1.5, where T45 is an interval distance along the optical axis between the fourth lens and the fifth lens, and TTL is a distance along the optical axis from an object-side surface of the first lens to an imaging plane of the camera lens group. 17. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5<CT4/CT5<1.5, where CT4 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fourth lens, and CT5 is a center thickness along the optical axis of the fifth lens. 18. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.8<DT21/DT52<1.6, where DT21 is the maximum effective radius of the object-side surface of the second lens, and DT52 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the fifth lens. 19. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 0.5≤DT32/DT52<1, where DT32 is a maximum effective radius of an image-side surface of the third lens, and DT52 is the maximum effective radius of the image-side surface of the fifth lens. 20. The camera lens group according to claim 13, wherein 1<ImgH×EPD/f2<2, where ImgH is a half of a diagonal length of an effective pixel area on an imaging plane of the camera lens group, EPD is an entrance pupil diameter of the camera lens group, and f is a total effective focal length of the camera lens group. | 1,700 |
349,754 | 350,628 | 16,854,364 | 1,747 | A tissue dissector includes a handle assembly including an actuator, a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, and a lighting assembly configured to provide lighting to the aperture of the blade member. The blade member is operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture. | 1. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle assembly including an actuator; a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture; and a lighting assembly configured to provide lighting to the aperture of the blade member. 2. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the handle assembly further includes a removable battery pack to supply power to the actuator or the lighting assembly. 3. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the blade member is tapered along a longitudinal axis thereof. 4. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the blade member includes an edge portion configured to cut tissue. 5. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the lighting assembly includes a plurality of light emitting diodes circumferentially arranged about the aperture of the blade member. 6. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the head portion includes first and second sides opposing each other, the blade member extending from the first side. 7. The tissue dissector according to claim 6, wherein the lighting assembly is disposed on the second side of the head portion. 8. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle assembly including an actuator; a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture to cut tissue; and a lighting assembly including:
a circular rim disposed on the head portion and having a light source disposed on the circular rim; and
a window assembly rotatably supported on the circular rim, the window assembly including a first window having a first opacity, the first window in registration with the light source. 9. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the window assembly further includes a second window having a second opacity different from the first opacity. 10. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the window assembly is removably attached to the circular rim. 11. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the circular rim supports a plurality of light sources, and the window assembly includes a plurality of windows, at least two windows of the plurality of windows having a different opacity. 12. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of windows include opacities of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. 13. The tissue dissector according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of windows is arranged in a repeating sequence of opacity such that the plurality of light sources is in registration with the plurality of windows having the same opacity. 14. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the head portion includes indicia indicating different opacity and the window assembly includes an indicator selectively positionable on the indicia to selectively align the light sources to the windows having a predetermined opacity. 15. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the head portion further includes a pair of stops to limit rotation of the window assembly such that the light sources are in registration with the windows having the same opacity. 16. The tissue dissector according to claim 12, wherein a longitudinal axis defined by the aperture of the blade member is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis defined by the handle assembly. 17. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the head portion and the indicator include mating configurations for alignment of the indicator and the indicia. 18. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the lighting assembly includes a plurality of light sources, at least first and second light sources of the plurality of light sources diametrically opposing each other. | A tissue dissector includes a handle assembly including an actuator, a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, and a lighting assembly configured to provide lighting to the aperture of the blade member. The blade member is operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture.1. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle assembly including an actuator; a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture; and a lighting assembly configured to provide lighting to the aperture of the blade member. 2. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the handle assembly further includes a removable battery pack to supply power to the actuator or the lighting assembly. 3. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the aperture of the blade member is tapered along a longitudinal axis thereof. 4. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the blade member includes an edge portion configured to cut tissue. 5. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the lighting assembly includes a plurality of light emitting diodes circumferentially arranged about the aperture of the blade member. 6. The tissue dissector according to claim 1, wherein the head portion includes first and second sides opposing each other, the blade member extending from the first side. 7. The tissue dissector according to claim 6, wherein the lighting assembly is disposed on the second side of the head portion. 8. A tissue dissector comprising:
a handle assembly including an actuator; a head portion including a blade member defining an aperture configured to receive tissue therethrough, the blade member operatively coupled with the actuator for rotation about the aperture to cut tissue; and a lighting assembly including:
a circular rim disposed on the head portion and having a light source disposed on the circular rim; and
a window assembly rotatably supported on the circular rim, the window assembly including a first window having a first opacity, the first window in registration with the light source. 9. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the window assembly further includes a second window having a second opacity different from the first opacity. 10. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the window assembly is removably attached to the circular rim. 11. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the circular rim supports a plurality of light sources, and the window assembly includes a plurality of windows, at least two windows of the plurality of windows having a different opacity. 12. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of windows include opacities of 100%, 75%, 50%, and 25%. 13. The tissue dissector according to claim 12, wherein the plurality of windows is arranged in a repeating sequence of opacity such that the plurality of light sources is in registration with the plurality of windows having the same opacity. 14. The tissue dissector according to claim 11, wherein the head portion includes indicia indicating different opacity and the window assembly includes an indicator selectively positionable on the indicia to selectively align the light sources to the windows having a predetermined opacity. 15. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the head portion further includes a pair of stops to limit rotation of the window assembly such that the light sources are in registration with the windows having the same opacity. 16. The tissue dissector according to claim 12, wherein a longitudinal axis defined by the aperture of the blade member is substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal axis defined by the handle assembly. 17. The tissue dissector according to claim 14, wherein the head portion and the indicator include mating configurations for alignment of the indicator and the indicia. 18. The tissue dissector according to claim 8, wherein the lighting assembly includes a plurality of light sources, at least first and second light sources of the plurality of light sources diametrically opposing each other. | 1,700 |
349,755 | 350,629 | 16,854,382 | 1,747 | A memory device includes: a first memory cell mat that includes first multi-layer level sub word lines positioned over a substrate; a second memory cell mat that is laterally spaced apart from the first memory cell mat and includes second multi-layer level sub word lines; a first sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the first memory cell mat; and a second sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the second memory cell mat, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines, and the second sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines. | 1. A memory device, comprising:
a first memory cell mat that includes first multi-layer level sub word lines positioned over a substrate; a second memory cell mat that is laterally spaced apart from the first memory cell mat and includes second multi-layer level sub word lines; a first sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the first memory cell mat; and a second sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the second memory cell mat, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines, and the second sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and the ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure. 3. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
interconnections suitable for coupling the ends of the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines to the first and second sub word line driver circuits, respectively. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and
the first and second sub word line driver circuits individually group the horizontal level sub word lines into first group horizontal level sub word lines and second group horizontal level sub word lines and drive the first group horizontal level sub word lines and the second group horizontal level sub word lines. 5. The memory device of claim 4, wherein each of the first and second sub word line driver circuits includes:
a first group sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving the first group horizontal level sub word lines; and a second group sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving the second group horizontal level sub word lines. 6. The memory device of claim 5, further comprising:
a first main word line suitable for simultaneously activating the first group sub word line driver circuit of the first memory cell mat and the second group sub word line driver circuit of the second memory cell mat; and a second main word line suitable for simultaneously activating the second group sub word line driver circuit of the first memory cell mat and the first group sub word line driver circuit of the second memory cell mat. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the first memory cell mat and the second memory cell mat includes:
a bit line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the first and second sub word line driver circuits; a plate line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the first and second sub word line driver circuits; and a capacitor between the bit line and the plate line, and the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines are positioned between the bit line and the capacitor and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 8. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are positioned underneath both-side ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and both-side ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines, respectively. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are positioned underneath one-side ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and one-side ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines, respectively. 10. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell mat that includes multi-layer level sub word lines which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of a substrate; a sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the memory cell mat and includes a plurality of sub word line drivers which respectively drive the multi-layer level sub word lines; a first level interconnection that electrically connects the multi-layer level sub word lines and the sub word line drivers to each other; and a second level interconnection that receives activation signals of the sub word line drivers and is positioned at a higher level than the first level interconnection. 11. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and the sub word line drivers group and drive the horizontal level sub word lines. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the sub word line drivers are laterally arranged to be parallel to a surface of the substrate. 13. The memory device of claim 12, wherein each of the sub word line drivers controls the horizontal level sub word lines that are positioned at the same level based on a 1:8 coding scheme. 14. The memory device of claim 12, wherein each of the sub word line drivers controls the horizontal level sub word lines that are positioned at the same level based on a 1:16 coding scheme. 15. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the sub word line driver circuit includes:
a first sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving a high-level sub word line among the multi-layer level sub word lines; and a second sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving a lower level sub word line among the multi-layer level sub word lines, and the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are laterally positioned. 16. The memory device of claim 10, wherein ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure. 17. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the memory cell mat includes:
a bit line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the sub word line drivers; a plate line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the sub word line drivers; and a capacitor between the bit line and the plate line, and the multi-layer level sub word lines are positioned between the bit line and the capacitor and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 18. A memory device, comprising:
a sub word line driver circuit that includes sub word line drivers positioned over a substrate; a bit line and a plate line each of which is vertically oriented over the sub word line drivers; multi-layer level sub word lines that are positioned between the bit line and the plate line and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate; and an interconnection that electrically connects the multi-layer level word lines to the sub word line drivers, wherein the sub word line drivers are positioned underneath ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and the sub word line driver circuit groups the horizontal level sub word lines into two groups and drives the horizontal level sub word lines of the two groups. 20. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath both-side ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 21. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath one-side ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 22. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure, and
the sub word line drivers are positioned underneath the stepped structure of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 23. The memory device of claim 22, wherein the interconnection is coupled to the stepped structure of the multi-layer level sub word lines. | A memory device includes: a first memory cell mat that includes first multi-layer level sub word lines positioned over a substrate; a second memory cell mat that is laterally spaced apart from the first memory cell mat and includes second multi-layer level sub word lines; a first sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the first memory cell mat; and a second sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the second memory cell mat, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines, and the second sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines.1. A memory device, comprising:
a first memory cell mat that includes first multi-layer level sub word lines positioned over a substrate; a second memory cell mat that is laterally spaced apart from the first memory cell mat and includes second multi-layer level sub word lines; a first sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the first memory cell mat; and a second sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the second memory cell mat, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines, and the second sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines. 2. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and the ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure. 3. The memory device of claim 1, further comprising:
interconnections suitable for coupling the ends of the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines to the first and second sub word line driver circuits, respectively. 4. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and
the first and second sub word line driver circuits individually group the horizontal level sub word lines into first group horizontal level sub word lines and second group horizontal level sub word lines and drive the first group horizontal level sub word lines and the second group horizontal level sub word lines. 5. The memory device of claim 4, wherein each of the first and second sub word line driver circuits includes:
a first group sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving the first group horizontal level sub word lines; and a second group sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving the second group horizontal level sub word lines. 6. The memory device of claim 5, further comprising:
a first main word line suitable for simultaneously activating the first group sub word line driver circuit of the first memory cell mat and the second group sub word line driver circuit of the second memory cell mat; and a second main word line suitable for simultaneously activating the second group sub word line driver circuit of the first memory cell mat and the first group sub word line driver circuit of the second memory cell mat. 7. The memory device of claim 1, wherein each of the first memory cell mat and the second memory cell mat includes:
a bit line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the first and second sub word line driver circuits; a plate line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the first and second sub word line driver circuits; and a capacitor between the bit line and the plate line, and the first and second multi-layer level sub word lines are positioned between the bit line and the capacitor and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 8. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are positioned underneath both-side ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and both-side ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines, respectively. 9. The memory device of claim 1, wherein the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are positioned underneath one-side ends of the first multi-layer level sub word lines and one-side ends of the second multi-layer level sub word lines, respectively. 10. A memory device, comprising:
a memory cell mat that includes multi-layer level sub word lines which are stacked in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of a substrate; a sub word line driver circuit that is positioned underneath the memory cell mat and includes a plurality of sub word line drivers which respectively drive the multi-layer level sub word lines; a first level interconnection that electrically connects the multi-layer level sub word lines and the sub word line drivers to each other; and a second level interconnection that receives activation signals of the sub word line drivers and is positioned at a higher level than the first level interconnection. 11. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and the sub word line drivers group and drive the horizontal level sub word lines. 12. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the sub word line drivers are laterally arranged to be parallel to a surface of the substrate. 13. The memory device of claim 12, wherein each of the sub word line drivers controls the horizontal level sub word lines that are positioned at the same level based on a 1:8 coding scheme. 14. The memory device of claim 12, wherein each of the sub word line drivers controls the horizontal level sub word lines that are positioned at the same level based on a 1:16 coding scheme. 15. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the sub word line driver circuit includes:
a first sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving a high-level sub word line among the multi-layer level sub word lines; and a second sub word line driver circuit suitable for driving a lower level sub word line among the multi-layer level sub word lines, and the first sub word line driver circuit and the second sub word line driver circuit are laterally positioned. 16. The memory device of claim 10, wherein ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure. 17. The memory device of claim 10, wherein the memory cell mat includes:
a bit line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the sub word line drivers; a plate line that is vertically oriented at a higher level than the sub word line drivers; and a capacitor between the bit line and the plate line, and the multi-layer level sub word lines are positioned between the bit line and the capacitor and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate. 18. A memory device, comprising:
a sub word line driver circuit that includes sub word line drivers positioned over a substrate; a bit line and a plate line each of which is vertically oriented over the sub word line drivers; multi-layer level sub word lines that are positioned between the bit line and the plate line and arranged in a direction perpendicular to the substrate; and an interconnection that electrically connects the multi-layer level word lines to the sub word line drivers, wherein the sub word line drivers are positioned underneath ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 19. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the multi-layer level sub word lines include a plurality of horizontal level sub word lines that are laterally arranged at each level, and the sub word line driver circuit groups the horizontal level sub word lines into two groups and drives the horizontal level sub word lines of the two groups. 20. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath both-side ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 21. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the sub word line driver circuit is positioned underneath one-side ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 22. The memory device of claim 18, wherein the ends of the multi-layer level sub word lines have a stepped structure, and
the sub word line drivers are positioned underneath the stepped structure of the multi-layer level sub word lines. 23. The memory device of claim 22, wherein the interconnection is coupled to the stepped structure of the multi-layer level sub word lines. | 1,700 |
349,756 | 350,630 | 16,854,379 | 1,747 | A low voltage drive circuit includes a transmit analog to digital circuit that converts transmit digital data into analog outbound data by: generating a DC component; and generating an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein the magnitudes of both the oscillating component and the DC component are limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the circuit, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data. A drive sense circuit drives an analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency and wherein analog inbound data is represented within an analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency. | 1. A low voltage drive circuit (LVDC) comprises:
a transmit digital to analog circuit configured to convert transmit digital data into analog outbound data by:
generating a DC component that has a magnitude between magnitudes of power supply rails of the transmit analog to digital circuit; and
generating, via an output limited digital to analog converter, an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein a magnitude of the oscillating component is limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the transmit digital to analog converter, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data;
a receive analog to digital circuit configured to convert analog inbound data into received digital data; and a drive sense circuit configured to:
convert the analog outbound data into an analog transmit signal;
drive the analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency;
receive an analog receive signal from the bus; and
isolate the analog receive signal from the analog transmit signal to recover the analog inbound data, wherein the analog inbound data is represented within the analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency. 2. The LVDC of claim 1 further comprises:
a controller configured to set transmit parameters of the transmit digital to analog circuit, wherein the transmit digital to analog circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit parameters. 3. The LVDC of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to set receive parameters of the receive analog to digital circuit, wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive parameters. 4. The LVDC of claim 1 further comprises:
a clock circuit configured to generate a receive clock signal and a transmit clock signal, wherein the transmit analog to digital circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit clock signal and wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive clock signal. 5. The LVDC of claim 4 further comprises:
a controller configured to generate a clock control signal;
wherein the clock circuit generates the receive clock signal and the transmit clock signal in accordance with the clock control signal. 6. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the drive sense circuit comprises:
a change detection circuit configured to generate the analog inbound data in response to the analog receive signal and the analog outbound data; a regulation circuit configured to generate a regulation signal in response to the analog inbound data; and a power source circuit configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 7. The LVDC of claim 6, wherein the change detection circuit includes an operational amplifier or a comparator. 8. The LVDC of claim 6, wherein the power source circuit includes a regulated current source configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 9. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via an amplitude shift keying. 10. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via a phase shift keying. 11. A method comprises:
converting, via a transmit digital to analog circuit, transmit digital data into analog outbound data by:
generating a DC component that has a magnitude between magnitudes of power supply rails of the transmit analog to digital circuit; and
generating, via an output limited digital to analog converter, an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein a magnitude of the oscillating component is limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the transmit digital to analog converter, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data;
converting, via an receive analog to digital circuit, analog inbound data into received digital data; and converting, via a drive sense circuit, the analog outbound data into an analog transmit signal; driving, via the drive sense circuit, the analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency; receiving, via the drive sense circuit, an analog receive signal from the bus; and isolating, via the drive sense circuit, the analog receive signal from the analog transmit signal to recover the analog inbound data, wherein the analog inbound data is represented within the analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
setting transmit parameters of the transmit digital to analog circuit, wherein the transmit digital to analog circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit parameters. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
setting receive parameters of the receive analog to digital circuit, wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive parameters. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
generating, via a clock circuit, a receive clock signal and a transmit clock signal, wherein the transmit analog to digital circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit clock signal and wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive clock signal. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprises:
generating a clock control signal;
wherein the clock circuit generates the receive clock signal and the transmit clock signal in accordance with the clock control signal. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the drive sense circuit comprises:
a change detection circuit configured to generate the analog inbound data in response to the analog receive signal and the analog outbound data; a regulation circuit configured to generate a regulation signal in response to the analog inbound data; and a power source circuit configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the change detection circuit includes an operational amplifier or a comparator. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the power source circuit includes a regulated current source configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via an amplitude shift keying. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via a phase shift keying. | A low voltage drive circuit includes a transmit analog to digital circuit that converts transmit digital data into analog outbound data by: generating a DC component; and generating an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein the magnitudes of both the oscillating component and the DC component are limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the circuit, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data. A drive sense circuit drives an analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency and wherein analog inbound data is represented within an analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency.1. A low voltage drive circuit (LVDC) comprises:
a transmit digital to analog circuit configured to convert transmit digital data into analog outbound data by:
generating a DC component that has a magnitude between magnitudes of power supply rails of the transmit analog to digital circuit; and
generating, via an output limited digital to analog converter, an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein a magnitude of the oscillating component is limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the transmit digital to analog converter, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data;
a receive analog to digital circuit configured to convert analog inbound data into received digital data; and a drive sense circuit configured to:
convert the analog outbound data into an analog transmit signal;
drive the analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency;
receive an analog receive signal from the bus; and
isolate the analog receive signal from the analog transmit signal to recover the analog inbound data, wherein the analog inbound data is represented within the analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency. 2. The LVDC of claim 1 further comprises:
a controller configured to set transmit parameters of the transmit digital to analog circuit, wherein the transmit digital to analog circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit parameters. 3. The LVDC of claim 2, wherein the controller is further configured to set receive parameters of the receive analog to digital circuit, wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive parameters. 4. The LVDC of claim 1 further comprises:
a clock circuit configured to generate a receive clock signal and a transmit clock signal, wherein the transmit analog to digital circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit clock signal and wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive clock signal. 5. The LVDC of claim 4 further comprises:
a controller configured to generate a clock control signal;
wherein the clock circuit generates the receive clock signal and the transmit clock signal in accordance with the clock control signal. 6. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the drive sense circuit comprises:
a change detection circuit configured to generate the analog inbound data in response to the analog receive signal and the analog outbound data; a regulation circuit configured to generate a regulation signal in response to the analog inbound data; and a power source circuit configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 7. The LVDC of claim 6, wherein the change detection circuit includes an operational amplifier or a comparator. 8. The LVDC of claim 6, wherein the power source circuit includes a regulated current source configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 9. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via an amplitude shift keying. 10. The LVDC of claim 1, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via a phase shift keying. 11. A method comprises:
converting, via a transmit digital to analog circuit, transmit digital data into analog outbound data by:
generating a DC component that has a magnitude between magnitudes of power supply rails of the transmit analog to digital circuit; and
generating, via an output limited digital to analog converter, an oscillating component at a first frequency that conveys the transmit digital data, wherein a magnitude of the oscillating component is limited to a range that is less than a difference between the magnitudes of the power supply rails of the transmit digital to analog converter, and wherein the oscillating component and the DC component are combined to produce the analog outbound data;
converting, via an receive analog to digital circuit, analog inbound data into received digital data; and converting, via a drive sense circuit, the analog outbound data into an analog transmit signal; driving, via the drive sense circuit, the analog transmit signal onto a bus, wherein the analog outbound data is represented within the analog transmit signal as variances in loading of the bus at a first frequency; receiving, via the drive sense circuit, an analog receive signal from the bus; and isolating, via the drive sense circuit, the analog receive signal from the analog transmit signal to recover the analog inbound data, wherein the analog inbound data is represented within the analog receive signal as variances in loading of the bus at a second frequency. 12. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
setting transmit parameters of the transmit digital to analog circuit, wherein the transmit digital to analog circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit parameters. 13. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
setting receive parameters of the receive analog to digital circuit, wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive parameters. 14. The method of claim 11 further comprises:
generating, via a clock circuit, a receive clock signal and a transmit clock signal, wherein the transmit analog to digital circuit converts the transmit digital data into the analog outbound data in accordance with the transmit clock signal and wherein the receive analog to digital circuit converts the analog inbound data into the received digital data in accordance with the receive clock signal. 15. The method of claim 14 further comprises:
generating a clock control signal;
wherein the clock circuit generates the receive clock signal and the transmit clock signal in accordance with the clock control signal. 16. The method of claim 11, wherein the drive sense circuit comprises:
a change detection circuit configured to generate the analog inbound data in response to the analog receive signal and the analog outbound data; a regulation circuit configured to generate a regulation signal in response to the analog inbound data; and a power source circuit configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the change detection circuit includes an operational amplifier or a comparator. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the power source circuit includes a regulated current source configured to generate the analog transmit signal in response to the regulation signal. 19. The method of claim 11, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via an amplitude shift keying. 20. The method of claim 11, wherein the oscillating component at the first frequency conveys the transmit digital data via a phase shift keying. | 1,700 |
349,757 | 350,631 | 16,854,345 | 1,747 | A method is provided of inspecting a nested multi-layer structure including a first and second electrically conductive layer and a third layer disposed behind the second conductive layer. The method includes deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a borehole location proximate to the structure, generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies, applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal and inducing currents in the first conductive layer that induce currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies, detecting a first set of resonant frequencies based on received electromagnetic signals, detecting a second set of resonant frequencies based on received acoustic signals, estimating a property of the first and/or the second conductive layer based on the first set of resonant frequencies, and estimating a property of the third layer based on the second set of resonant frequencies. | 1. A method of inspecting a nested multi-layer structure disposed in a borehole, the method comprising:
deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a location in the borehole proximate to the multi-layer structure, the multi-layer structure including at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a third layer disposed behind the second conductive layer; generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of the multi-layer structure; applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal, the electrical current signal inducing currents in the first conductive layer, the induced currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies in the multi-tubular structure; detecting a first set of resonant frequencies based on electromagnetic signals received at the transducer; detecting a second set of resonant frequencies based on acoustic signals received from the multi-layer structure; and estimating a property of at least one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer based on the first set of resonant frequencies, and estimating a property of the third layer based on the second set of resonant frequencies. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic signals are detected by the electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and the acoustic signals are detected by an acoustic transducer or the electromagnetic acoustic transducer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the acoustic signals are detected by a piezoelectric transducer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer are formed by tubular components and the third layer is a cement layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor device includes a first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and a second electromagnetic acoustic transducer disposed proximate to a surface of the first conductive layer, the first conductive layer being a radially innermost layer, and first and second electromagnetic acoustic transducers separated by a selected azimuthal distance. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the second electromagnetic acoustic transducer is configured as a transmitter, and another of the first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the second electromagnetic acoustic transducer is configured as a receiver. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor device includes a plurality of electromagnetic acoustic transducers arrayed transversely along a surface of the multi-layer structure, the plurality of electromagnetic acoustic transducers configured to be actuated according to a time sequence waveform to generate directionally focused acoustic signals. 8. A method of inspecting a downhole component, the downhole component including an electrically conductive tubular structure, the method comprising:
generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of the tubular structure; applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal, the electrical current signal inducing currents in the tubular structure, the induced currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies in the tubular structure; detecting a set of resonant frequencies based on detection of received signals, the received signals associated with reflections of the acoustic signals; and analyzing the set of resonant frequencies, and determining whether a defect is present in the tubular structure. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein analyzing the set of resonant frequencies includes estimating at least one of an attenuation of the received signals and a phase delay of the received signals. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether the defect exists includes identifying the defect based on the at least one of the attenuation and the phase delay being above a selected threshold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the defect is a stuck pipe condition. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the defect is a separation between connected downhole tubular components. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the defect is identified based on measuring magnitudes of flexural and shear waves, and comparing a change in the flexural wave magnitudes and to a change in the shear wave magnitudes. 14. A method of evaluating a subterranean region surrounding a borehole, the method comprising:
deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a location proximate to a surface of an open hole section of the borehole; generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of a subterranean region adjacent to the borehole; applying an electrical current signal to the electromagnetic acoustic transducer to generate an acoustic signal at a first location in the region, the acoustic signal propagating in a direction along the surface of the open hole section to a second location; detecting the acoustic signal at the second location; and estimating a property of the region based on the detected acoustic signal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor device includes a pad assembly having a conductive outer layer configured to be positioned proximate to the surface, and a magnetic device disposed therein. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the pad assembly includes an acoustic impedance matching material disposed between the magnetic device and the outer layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the acoustic impedance matching material includes a plurality of impedance matching layers, each impedance matching layer having a different impedance matching value. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the acoustic impedance matching material exhibits a gradually changing impedance value. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein estimating the property includes estimating an acoustic wave velocity of the acoustic signal. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor device includes a first pad assembly disposed at the first location, the first pad assembly including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and a second pad assembly at the second location, the second pad assembly having an acoustic receiver. | A method is provided of inspecting a nested multi-layer structure including a first and second electrically conductive layer and a third layer disposed behind the second conductive layer. The method includes deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a borehole location proximate to the structure, generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies, applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal and inducing currents in the first conductive layer that induce currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies, detecting a first set of resonant frequencies based on received electromagnetic signals, detecting a second set of resonant frequencies based on received acoustic signals, estimating a property of the first and/or the second conductive layer based on the first set of resonant frequencies, and estimating a property of the third layer based on the second set of resonant frequencies.1. A method of inspecting a nested multi-layer structure disposed in a borehole, the method comprising:
deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a location in the borehole proximate to the multi-layer structure, the multi-layer structure including at least a first electrically conductive layer, a second electrically conductive layer, and a third layer disposed behind the second conductive layer; generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of the multi-layer structure; applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal, the electrical current signal inducing currents in the first conductive layer, the induced currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies in the multi-tubular structure; detecting a first set of resonant frequencies based on electromagnetic signals received at the transducer; detecting a second set of resonant frequencies based on acoustic signals received from the multi-layer structure; and estimating a property of at least one of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer based on the first set of resonant frequencies, and estimating a property of the third layer based on the second set of resonant frequencies. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the electromagnetic signals are detected by the electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and the acoustic signals are detected by an acoustic transducer or the electromagnetic acoustic transducer. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the acoustic signals are detected by a piezoelectric transducer. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first layer and the second layer are formed by tubular components and the third layer is a cement layer. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor device includes a first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and a second electromagnetic acoustic transducer disposed proximate to a surface of the first conductive layer, the first conductive layer being a radially innermost layer, and first and second electromagnetic acoustic transducers separated by a selected azimuthal distance. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein one of the first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the second electromagnetic acoustic transducer is configured as a transmitter, and another of the first electromagnetic acoustic transducer and the second electromagnetic acoustic transducer is configured as a receiver. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the sensor device includes a plurality of electromagnetic acoustic transducers arrayed transversely along a surface of the multi-layer structure, the plurality of electromagnetic acoustic transducers configured to be actuated according to a time sequence waveform to generate directionally focused acoustic signals. 8. A method of inspecting a downhole component, the downhole component including an electrically conductive tubular structure, the method comprising:
generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of the tubular structure; applying an electrical current signal to the sensor device based on the drive signal, the electrical current signal inducing currents in the tubular structure, the induced currents generating acoustic signals having the plurality of frequencies in the tubular structure; detecting a set of resonant frequencies based on detection of received signals, the received signals associated with reflections of the acoustic signals; and analyzing the set of resonant frequencies, and determining whether a defect is present in the tubular structure. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein analyzing the set of resonant frequencies includes estimating at least one of an attenuation of the received signals and a phase delay of the received signals. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein determining whether the defect exists includes identifying the defect based on the at least one of the attenuation and the phase delay being above a selected threshold. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the defect is a stuck pipe condition. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the defect is a separation between connected downhole tubular components. 13. The method of claim 8, wherein the defect is identified based on measuring magnitudes of flexural and shear waves, and comparing a change in the flexural wave magnitudes and to a change in the shear wave magnitudes. 14. A method of evaluating a subterranean region surrounding a borehole, the method comprising:
deploying a sensor device including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer to a location proximate to a surface of an open hole section of the borehole; generating a drive signal including a plurality of frequencies selected based on physical properties of a subterranean region adjacent to the borehole; applying an electrical current signal to the electromagnetic acoustic transducer to generate an acoustic signal at a first location in the region, the acoustic signal propagating in a direction along the surface of the open hole section to a second location; detecting the acoustic signal at the second location; and estimating a property of the region based on the detected acoustic signal. 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor device includes a pad assembly having a conductive outer layer configured to be positioned proximate to the surface, and a magnetic device disposed therein. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the pad assembly includes an acoustic impedance matching material disposed between the magnetic device and the outer layer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the acoustic impedance matching material includes a plurality of impedance matching layers, each impedance matching layer having a different impedance matching value. 18. The method of claim 16, wherein the acoustic impedance matching material exhibits a gradually changing impedance value. 19. The method of claim 14, wherein estimating the property includes estimating an acoustic wave velocity of the acoustic signal. 20. The method of claim 14, wherein the sensor device includes a first pad assembly disposed at the first location, the first pad assembly including an electromagnetic acoustic transducer, and a second pad assembly at the second location, the second pad assembly having an acoustic receiver. | 1,700 |
349,758 | 350,632 | 16,854,378 | 1,747 | Provided herein are systems, methods, and computer program products using tumor phylogeny, mutation rates, and machine learning to produce a clinical projection, such as patient survival, risk of malignancy, and therapeutic options. The method includes generating sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient. The method also includes generating a phylogenic tree depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient. The method further includes determining at least one feature of the phylogenic tree including at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the phylogenic tree. The method further includes training a machine learning model to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression. | 1. A system comprising at least one processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program instructions configured to cause the at least one processor to:
generate sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alteration, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generate, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determine at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and train a machine learning model, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of cells of the tumor of the patient. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells or other source of normal genetic material of the patient and is whole genome sequence data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing at least one of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including one or more of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C, in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a measure of patient survival or a measure of cancer metastasis as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model comprises a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving or preparing, with at least one processor, a sequence data file comprising tumor sequence data of cells of a tumor of a patient; generating, with the at least one processor, sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in the tumor sequence data as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alterations, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generating, with the at least one processor, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determining, with the at least one processor, at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees associated with one or more nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and training, with the at least one processor, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, a machine learning model to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression for the patient. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising generating, with the at least one processor, an output representing the projection, the output configured to be used to adapt a treatment process of the patient based on the output. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of the cells of the tumor. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells or other source of normal genetic material of the patient, and wherein the normal sequence data is whole genome sequence data. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing one or more of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including at least one of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model trained to produce a measure of patient survival or a measure of cancer metastasis as the output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as the output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as the output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. 16. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing program instructions configured to cause at least one processor to:
generate sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alteration, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generate, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determine at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and train a machine learning model, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression. 17. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of cells of a tumor of the patient, and wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells of the patient and comprises whole genome sequence data. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing one or more of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including at least one of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 19. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model trained to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as the output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 20. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the machine learning model comprises a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as an output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. | Provided herein are systems, methods, and computer program products using tumor phylogeny, mutation rates, and machine learning to produce a clinical projection, such as patient survival, risk of malignancy, and therapeutic options. The method includes generating sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient. The method also includes generating a phylogenic tree depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient. The method further includes determining at least one feature of the phylogenic tree including at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the phylogenic tree. The method further includes training a machine learning model to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression.1. A system comprising at least one processor and a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing program instructions configured to cause the at least one processor to:
generate sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alteration, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generate, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determine at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and train a machine learning model, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of cells of the tumor of the patient. 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells or other source of normal genetic material of the patient and is whole genome sequence data. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing at least one of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including one or more of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C, in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a measure of patient survival or a measure of cancer metastasis as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the machine learning model comprises a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as an output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 8. A computer-implemented method comprising:
receiving or preparing, with at least one processor, a sequence data file comprising tumor sequence data of cells of a tumor of a patient; generating, with the at least one processor, sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in the tumor sequence data as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alterations, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generating, with the at least one processor, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determining, with the at least one processor, at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees associated with one or more nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and training, with the at least one processor, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, a machine learning model to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression for the patient. 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, further comprising generating, with the at least one processor, an output representing the projection, the output configured to be used to adapt a treatment process of the patient based on the output. 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of the cells of the tumor. 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells or other source of normal genetic material of the patient, and wherein the normal sequence data is whole genome sequence data. 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 8, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing one or more of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including at least one of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model trained to produce a measure of patient survival or a measure of cancer metastasis as the output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model configured to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as the output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 15. The computer-implemented method of claim 9, wherein the machine learning model is a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as the output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. 16. A non-transitory computer storage medium storing program instructions configured to cause at least one processor to:
generate sequence variation data that identifies, characterizes, or quantifies at least one mutation in tumor sequence data of a tumor of a patient as compared to normal sequence data obtained from normal cells of the patient or as compared to reference sequence data, wherein the at least one mutation comprises at least one of the following: at least one single nucleotide variation, at least one copy-number alteration, at least one structural variation, or any combination thereof; generate, using the sequence variation data, one or more phylogenic trees depicting clonal evolution of cells in the tumor of the patient, each phylogenic tree comprising a plurality of nodes representing tumor cell clones and edges describing inferred evolutionary relationships between the plurality of nodes; determine at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, the at least one feature comprising at least one value quantifying rates of mutation and/or at least one value representing at least one aspect of a structure of the one or more phylogenic trees; and train a machine learning model, based on the at least one feature of the one or more phylogenic trees, to be configured to generate a projection for the patient comprising a clinical outcome or disease progression. 17. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the tumor sequence data comprises a whole genome sequence or a whole exome sequence of cells of a tumor of the patient, and wherein the normal sequence data is obtained from normal cells of the patient and comprises whole genome sequence data. 18. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the sequence variation data includes a value representing one or more of the following:
an overall number of nucleic acid sequence substitutions in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions, including at least one of the following specific nucleic acid sequence substitutions: A→T, A→C, A→G, T→A, T→C, T→G, C→A, C→T, C→G, G→A, G→T, or G→C in the tumor sequence data as compared to the normal sequence data or the reference sequence data; a number of gene mutations in the tumor sequence data; a number of clones in the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a largest clone and/or a smallest clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a mean, maximum, minimum, and/or variance in a number of mutations along a path between two leaf nodes of the one or more phylogenic trees; a number of mutations required from a root node to a leaf node of the one or more phylogenic trees; a maximum number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in a clone of the one or more phylogenic trees; a total number of single-nucleotide variations, copy-number alterations, and/or structural variations in the one or more phylogenic trees; and a number of copy-number alterations over and/or below a value ranging from 100,000 to 1,000,000 nucleotides in length. 19. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the machine learning model is a classification model trained to produce a value indicating survival of the patient at a predefined future time, risk of death of the patient within a defined time period, metastasis of the tumor at a predefined future time, risk of metastasis of the tumor, risk of the tumor advancing through a defined disease progression state, or stratification of a population of patients into discrete risk levels for a disease progression process, as the output representing the projection for the patient comprising the clinical outcome. 20. The non-transitory computer storage medium of claim 16, wherein the machine learning model comprises a regression model trained to produce a patient survival curve as an output representing the projection of the clinical outcome for the patient. | 1,700 |
349,759 | 350,633 | 16,854,409 | 1,747 | A wiper device includes a wiper arm and a drive section. The wiper arm has a base end portion supported by a support section provided at a vehicle, and is configured such that a wiping surface of the vehicle is wiped back and forth by a wiper blade coupled to a leading end portion of the wiper arm. The drive section is configured to displace at least a leading end portion side of the wiper arm in an up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm, irrespective of force the wiper blade receives from the wiping surface. | 1. A wiper device comprising:
a wiper arm having a base end portion supported by a support section provided at a vehicle, and being configured such that a wiping surface of the vehicle is wiped back and forth by a wiper blade coupled to a leading end portion of the wiper arm; and a drive section configured to displace at least a leading end portion side of the wiper arm in an up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm, irrespective of force the wiper blade receives from the wiping surface. 2. The wiper device of claim 1, further comprising an urging section configured to urge the wiper blade toward the wiping surface. 3. The wiper device of claim 1, wherein the drive section includes:
an actuator configured to displace at least the leading end portion side in the up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface; and a control section configured to control actuation of the actuator so as to maintain a uniform distance between the leading end portion and the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm. 4. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the actuator is a support drive actuator configured to displace the support section itself relative to the vehicle. 5. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein:
the wiper arm includes:
a fixed section fixed to the support section, and
a movable section including the leading end portion and supported such that the leading end portion is capable of pivoting with respect to the fixed section about a hinge shaft running in a movement direction of the wiper arm; and
the actuator is an arm actuator configured to pivot the movable section with respect to the fixed section. 6. The wiper device of claim 5, wherein the arm actuator is supported by the fixed section. 7. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the control section:
includes at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of a position-finding sensor configured to detect a position of the wiper arm relative to the vehicle, a load sensor configured to detect a load applied to the leading end portion, and a distance sensor configured to detect the distance between the leading end portion and the wiping surface; and is configured to control actuation of the actuator based on a detection result from the at least one sensor. 8. The wiper device of claim 1, wherein the wiper arm is configured to pivot back and forth about a support shaft, serving as the support section. 9. The wiper device of claim 2, wherein the urging section includes a compression coil spring. 10. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the actuator includes a servo motor. 11. The wiper device of claim 4, wherein the support drive actuator includes a linear stepping motor. 12. The wiper device of claim 7, wherein:
the position-finding sensor is an angle sensor that detects a rotation position of the support section; the load sensor is a load cell attached to the leading end portion of the wiper arm; and the distance sensor is an infrared sensor or an ultrasound sensor attached to the leading end portion of the wiper arm. | A wiper device includes a wiper arm and a drive section. The wiper arm has a base end portion supported by a support section provided at a vehicle, and is configured such that a wiping surface of the vehicle is wiped back and forth by a wiper blade coupled to a leading end portion of the wiper arm. The drive section is configured to displace at least a leading end portion side of the wiper arm in an up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm, irrespective of force the wiper blade receives from the wiping surface.1. A wiper device comprising:
a wiper arm having a base end portion supported by a support section provided at a vehicle, and being configured such that a wiping surface of the vehicle is wiped back and forth by a wiper blade coupled to a leading end portion of the wiper arm; and a drive section configured to displace at least a leading end portion side of the wiper arm in an up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm, irrespective of force the wiper blade receives from the wiping surface. 2. The wiper device of claim 1, further comprising an urging section configured to urge the wiper blade toward the wiping surface. 3. The wiper device of claim 1, wherein the drive section includes:
an actuator configured to displace at least the leading end portion side in the up-and-down direction with respect to the wiping surface; and a control section configured to control actuation of the actuator so as to maintain a uniform distance between the leading end portion and the wiping surface during back and forth movement of the wiper arm. 4. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the actuator is a support drive actuator configured to displace the support section itself relative to the vehicle. 5. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein:
the wiper arm includes:
a fixed section fixed to the support section, and
a movable section including the leading end portion and supported such that the leading end portion is capable of pivoting with respect to the fixed section about a hinge shaft running in a movement direction of the wiper arm; and
the actuator is an arm actuator configured to pivot the movable section with respect to the fixed section. 6. The wiper device of claim 5, wherein the arm actuator is supported by the fixed section. 7. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the control section:
includes at least one sensor selected from the group consisting of a position-finding sensor configured to detect a position of the wiper arm relative to the vehicle, a load sensor configured to detect a load applied to the leading end portion, and a distance sensor configured to detect the distance between the leading end portion and the wiping surface; and is configured to control actuation of the actuator based on a detection result from the at least one sensor. 8. The wiper device of claim 1, wherein the wiper arm is configured to pivot back and forth about a support shaft, serving as the support section. 9. The wiper device of claim 2, wherein the urging section includes a compression coil spring. 10. The wiper device of claim 3, wherein the actuator includes a servo motor. 11. The wiper device of claim 4, wherein the support drive actuator includes a linear stepping motor. 12. The wiper device of claim 7, wherein:
the position-finding sensor is an angle sensor that detects a rotation position of the support section; the load sensor is a load cell attached to the leading end portion of the wiper arm; and the distance sensor is an infrared sensor or an ultrasound sensor attached to the leading end portion of the wiper arm. | 1,700 |
349,760 | 350,634 | 16,854,371 | 1,747 | A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, and the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a plurality of pedestal films facing the plurality of first spacers. A height of the plurality of second spacers is greater than a height of the plurality of pedestal films, and the plurality of pedestal films include a first pedestal film having a smaller area than an area of each of the plurality of second spacers, and a second pedestal film having a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film. | 1. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a plurality of pedestal films facing the plurality of first spacers, a height of the plurality of second spacers is greater than a height of the plurality of pedestal films, and the plurality of pedestal films include a first pedestal film having a smaller area than an area of each of the plurality of second spacers, and a second pedestal film having a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein an arrangement density of the plurality of pedestal films is greater than an arrangement density of the plurality of second spacers. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the first substrate is an active matrix substrate including a plurality of signal lines arranged to intersect each other in a substrate plane, and the plurality of pedestal films are arranged in a region overlapping with a portion where the plurality of signal lines intersect. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3,
wherein the second pedestal film has a cross shape along the portion where the plurality of signal lines intersect. 5. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, and a first pedestal film, the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a second pedestal film, the first pedestal film is lower and smaller in area than each of the plurality of first spacers and faces the plurality of second spacers, and the second pedestal film is lower than each of the plurality of second spacers, faces the plurality of first spacers, and has a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film. | A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer. The first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, and the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a plurality of pedestal films facing the plurality of first spacers. A height of the plurality of second spacers is greater than a height of the plurality of pedestal films, and the plurality of pedestal films include a first pedestal film having a smaller area than an area of each of the plurality of second spacers, and a second pedestal film having a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film.1. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a plurality of pedestal films facing the plurality of first spacers, a height of the plurality of second spacers is greater than a height of the plurality of pedestal films, and the plurality of pedestal films include a first pedestal film having a smaller area than an area of each of the plurality of second spacers, and a second pedestal film having a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film. 2. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein an arrangement density of the plurality of pedestal films is greater than an arrangement density of the plurality of second spacers. 3. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1,
wherein the first substrate is an active matrix substrate including a plurality of signal lines arranged to intersect each other in a substrate plane, and the plurality of pedestal films are arranged in a region overlapping with a portion where the plurality of signal lines intersect. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 3,
wherein the second pedestal film has a cross shape along the portion where the plurality of signal lines intersect. 5. A liquid crystal display device comprising:
a first substrate; a second substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first substrate includes a plurality of first spacers protruding toward the liquid crystal layer, and a first pedestal film, the second substrate includes, on a surface closer to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film, a plurality of second spacers in contact with the plurality of first spacers, and a second pedestal film, the first pedestal film is lower and smaller in area than each of the plurality of first spacers and faces the plurality of second spacers, and the second pedestal film is lower than each of the plurality of second spacers, faces the plurality of first spacers, and has a planar pattern that is longer, as a whole, than a planar pattern of the first pedestal film. | 1,700 |
349,761 | 350,635 | 16,854,361 | 1,747 | A liquid ejecting apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure has a nozzle configured to eject a liquid, a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle, a piezoelectric element that varying pressure in the pressure chamber, an endless transport belt transporting a medium, an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt, and a driving circuit that supplying, to the piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates micro-vibration in the liquid in the pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the nozzle. The micro-vibration pulse is varied according to first data related to the state of a meniscus in the nozzle in a first state in which the nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section face each other. | 1. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
a first nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a first pressure chamber communicating with the first nozzle; a first piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the first pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the first piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the first pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the first nozzle; wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to first data related to a state of a meniscus in the first nozzle in a first state in which the first nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section mutually face. 2. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first data represents a property of a residual vibration in the first pressure chamber when the liquid in the first pressure chamber is vibrated in the first state. 3. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a position of the meniscus in the first nozzle, wherein
the first data represents the position of the meniscus detected by the sensor in the first state. 4. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a result of a comparison between the first data and second data related to the state of the meniscus in a second state in which the first nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section do not mutually face. 5. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the first state is a state in which the transport belt is rotating; and the second state is a state in which the transport belt is stopping. 6. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
a first nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a first pressure chamber communicating with the first nozzle; a first piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the first pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the first piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the first pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the first nozzle; wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a position at which the liquid ejected to the medium lands, the medium being transported by the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section lands. 7. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a rotational speed of the transport belt. 8. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a rotational speed of the transport belt. 9. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a second pressure chamber communicating with the second nozzle; and a second piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the second pressure chamber; wherein the first nozzle is closer to a circumferential edge of the transport belt than is the second nozzle in plan view, the second nozzle is closer to a center line of the transport belt than is the first nozzle in plan view, the center line extending in a direction in which the medium is transported by the transport belt, and an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the second pressure chamber corresponding to the second nozzle is higher than an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the first pressure chamber corresponding to the first nozzle. 10. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a second nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a second pressure chamber communicating with the second nozzle; and a second piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the second pressure chamber; wherein the first nozzle is closer to a circumferential edge of the transport belt than is the second nozzle in plan view, the second nozzle is closer to a center line of the transport belt than is the first nozzle in plan view, the center line extending in a direction in which the medium is transported by the transport belt, and an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the second pressure chamber corresponding to the second nozzle is higher than an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the first pressure chamber corresponding to the first nozzle. 11. A method of controlling a liquid ejecting apparatus that has:
a nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle; a piezoelectric element that varying a pressure in the pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the nozzle, wherein the method controls the micro-vibration pulse according to first data related to a state of a meniscus in the nozzle in a first state in which the nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section mutually face. | A liquid ejecting apparatus according to an aspect of the present disclosure has a nozzle configured to eject a liquid, a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle, a piezoelectric element that varying pressure in the pressure chamber, an endless transport belt transporting a medium, an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt, and a driving circuit that supplying, to the piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates micro-vibration in the liquid in the pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the nozzle. The micro-vibration pulse is varied according to first data related to the state of a meniscus in the nozzle in a first state in which the nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section face each other.1. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
a first nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a first pressure chamber communicating with the first nozzle; a first piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the first pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the first piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the first pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the first nozzle; wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to first data related to a state of a meniscus in the first nozzle in a first state in which the first nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section mutually face. 2. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first data represents a property of a residual vibration in the first pressure chamber when the liquid in the first pressure chamber is vibrated in the first state. 3. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a sensor configured to detect a position of the meniscus in the first nozzle, wherein
the first data represents the position of the meniscus detected by the sensor in the first state. 4. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a result of a comparison between the first data and second data related to the state of the meniscus in a second state in which the first nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section do not mutually face. 5. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 4, wherein:
the first state is a state in which the transport belt is rotating; and the second state is a state in which the transport belt is stopping. 6. A liquid ejecting apparatus comprising:
a first nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a first pressure chamber communicating with the first nozzle; a first piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the first pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the first piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the first pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the first nozzle; wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a position at which the liquid ejected to the medium lands, the medium being transported by the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section lands. 7. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a rotational speed of the transport belt. 8. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the micro-vibration pulse is varied according to a rotational speed of the transport belt. 9. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a second pressure chamber communicating with the second nozzle; and a second piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the second pressure chamber; wherein the first nozzle is closer to a circumferential edge of the transport belt than is the second nozzle in plan view, the second nozzle is closer to a center line of the transport belt than is the first nozzle in plan view, the center line extending in a direction in which the medium is transported by the transport belt, and an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the second pressure chamber corresponding to the second nozzle is higher than an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the first pressure chamber corresponding to the first nozzle. 10. The liquid ejecting apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a second nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a second pressure chamber communicating with the second nozzle; and a second piezoelectric element varying a pressure in the second pressure chamber; wherein the first nozzle is closer to a circumferential edge of the transport belt than is the second nozzle in plan view, the second nozzle is closer to a center line of the transport belt than is the first nozzle in plan view, the center line extending in a direction in which the medium is transported by the transport belt, and an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the second pressure chamber corresponding to the second nozzle is higher than an intensity of the micro-vibration generated in the liquid in the first pressure chamber corresponding to the first nozzle. 11. A method of controlling a liquid ejecting apparatus that has:
a nozzle configured to eject a liquid; a pressure chamber communicating with the nozzle; a piezoelectric element that varying a pressure in the pressure chamber; an endless transport belt transporting a medium; an electrifying section electrifying the transport belt; and a driving circuit supplying, to the piezoelectric element, a micro-vibration pulse that generates a micro-vibration in the liquid in the pressure chamber without causing the liquid to be ejected from the nozzle, wherein the method controls the micro-vibration pulse according to first data related to a state of a meniscus in the nozzle in a first state in which the nozzle and the transport belt electrified by the electrifying section mutually face. | 1,700 |
349,762 | 350,636 | 16,854,415 | 2,887 | An antenna device includes a dielectric layer and a radiation electrode on an upper surface of the dielectric layer. The radiation electrode includes a plurality of electrode lines therein. The radiation electrode has a visibility index in a range from −1.4 to 1.9. An electrode visibility is suppressed and a signaling sensitivity is enhanced from the radiation electrode. A display device including the antenna device is also provided. | 1. An antenna device, comprising:
a dielectric layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a radiation electrode on the first surface of the dielectric layer, the radiation electrode comprising a plurality of electrode lines, the radiation electrode having a visibility index in a range from −1.4 to 1.9, the visibility index being defined as Equation 1:
Visibility Index=Log(contrast×contrast sensitivity function (CSF) value). [Equation 1] 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the CSF value in Equation 1 is calculated from Equations 2, 2-1 and 2-2 below: 3. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the radiation electrode includes a mesh structure in which unit cells defined by the plurality of electrode lines are assembled. 4. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein a minimum distance between facing sides in each of the unit cells is in a range from 20 μm to 225 μm. 5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein the minimum distance between the facing sides in each of the unit cells is in a range from 50 μm to 196 μm. 6. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein a line width of each of the plurality of electrode lines is in a range from 0.5 μm to 5 μm. 7. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the mesh structure comprises first electrode lines and second electrode lines which extend in different directions to cross each other, and each of the unit cells has a rhombus shape. 8. The antenna device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a transmission line connected to the radiation electrode on the dielectric layer; and a pad electrode connected to one end of the transmission line. 9. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein the pad electrode has a solid pattern structure. 10. The antenna device according to claim 9, further comprising a contact electrically connecting the pad electrode and the transmission line to each other,
wherein the pad electrode is located at a different level from the radiation electrode and the transmission line. 11. The antenna device of claim 10, further comprising an insulating interlayer formed on the dielectric layer to cover the dielectric layer and the radiation electrode,
wherein the contact is formed through the insulating interlayer. 12. The antenna device according to claim 11, further comprising a protective layer covering the pad electrode and the insulating interlayer. 13. The antenna device according to claim 3, further comprising a dummy electrode arranged around the radiation electrode. 14. The antenna device according to claim 13, wherein the dummy electrode includes a mesh structure the same as that of the radiation electrode. 15. A display device including the antenna device according to claim 1. | An antenna device includes a dielectric layer and a radiation electrode on an upper surface of the dielectric layer. The radiation electrode includes a plurality of electrode lines therein. The radiation electrode has a visibility index in a range from −1.4 to 1.9. An electrode visibility is suppressed and a signaling sensitivity is enhanced from the radiation electrode. A display device including the antenna device is also provided.1. An antenna device, comprising:
a dielectric layer having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface; and a radiation electrode on the first surface of the dielectric layer, the radiation electrode comprising a plurality of electrode lines, the radiation electrode having a visibility index in a range from −1.4 to 1.9, the visibility index being defined as Equation 1:
Visibility Index=Log(contrast×contrast sensitivity function (CSF) value). [Equation 1] 2. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the CSF value in Equation 1 is calculated from Equations 2, 2-1 and 2-2 below: 3. The antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the radiation electrode includes a mesh structure in which unit cells defined by the plurality of electrode lines are assembled. 4. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein a minimum distance between facing sides in each of the unit cells is in a range from 20 μm to 225 μm. 5. The antenna device according to claim 4, wherein the minimum distance between the facing sides in each of the unit cells is in a range from 50 μm to 196 μm. 6. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein a line width of each of the plurality of electrode lines is in a range from 0.5 μm to 5 μm. 7. The antenna device according to claim 3, wherein the mesh structure comprises first electrode lines and second electrode lines which extend in different directions to cross each other, and each of the unit cells has a rhombus shape. 8. The antenna device according to claim 3, further comprising:
a transmission line connected to the radiation electrode on the dielectric layer; and a pad electrode connected to one end of the transmission line. 9. The antenna device according to claim 8, wherein the pad electrode has a solid pattern structure. 10. The antenna device according to claim 9, further comprising a contact electrically connecting the pad electrode and the transmission line to each other,
wherein the pad electrode is located at a different level from the radiation electrode and the transmission line. 11. The antenna device of claim 10, further comprising an insulating interlayer formed on the dielectric layer to cover the dielectric layer and the radiation electrode,
wherein the contact is formed through the insulating interlayer. 12. The antenna device according to claim 11, further comprising a protective layer covering the pad electrode and the insulating interlayer. 13. The antenna device according to claim 3, further comprising a dummy electrode arranged around the radiation electrode. 14. The antenna device according to claim 13, wherein the dummy electrode includes a mesh structure the same as that of the radiation electrode. 15. A display device including the antenna device according to claim 1. | 2,800 |
349,763 | 350,637 | 16,854,402 | 2,182 | A vehicle seat is detachably attached to a floor of a vehicle. The vehicle seat includes a seat body configured to support an occupant and a lock mechanism disposed below the seat body and detachably attached to a first striker provided on the floor. The lock mechanism includes a first lock part that has a first lock groove configured to be engaged with the first striker and a cover configured to be displaced between an exposing position to expose the first lock groove and a covering position to cover at least a part of the first lock groove. | 1. A vehicle seat detachably attached to a floor of a vehicle, comprising:
a seat body configured to support an occupant; and a lock mechanism disposed below the seat body, detachably attached to a first striker provided on the floor, and including
a first lock part that has a first lock groove configured to be engaged with the first striker, and
a cover configured to be displaced between an exposing position to expose the first lock groove and a covering position to cover at least a part of the first lock groove. 2. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the lock mechanism further includes
a second lock part that has a second lock groove configured to be engaged with a second striker provided on the floor, a lever disposed at the second lock part and configured to be displaced between an activated position and an inactivated position, and a connecting member connecting the cover and the lever, and when the second striker is engaged with the second lock groove, the second striker pushes the lever to displace the lever from the inactivated position to the activated position, and thereby, the lever pulls the cover via the connecting member to displace the cover from the covering position to the exposing position. 3. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the lock mechanism further includes an urging member configured to urge the cover to the covering position, and
when engagement of the first striker with the first lock groove and engagement of the second striker with the second lock groove are released, the cover is displaced from the exposing position to the covering position by an urging force of the urging member. 4. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to rotate between the exposing position and the covering position, and
the lever is configured to rotate between the activated position and the inactivated position. 5. The vehicle seat according to claim 4, wherein a rotational direction of the cover from the covering position to the exposing position is the same as a rotational direction of the lever from the inactivated position to the activated position. 6. The vehicle seat according to claim 4, wherein the cover includes a first upper arm extending upward from a rotational center of the cover,
the lever includes a second upper arm extending upward from a rotational center of the lever, a first end in a longitudinal direction of the connecting member is connected to the first upper arm, and a second end in the longitudinal direction of the connecting member is connected to the second upper arm. 7. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the lever is disposed in front of the cover, and
the connecting member is composed of a cable extending in a fore and aft direction. 8. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein, in a state where the lever is disposed in the inactivated position, the lever extends in a direction crossing a direction along which the second striker engages with the second lock groove. 9. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, further comprising a slide rail configured to slidably support the seat body,
wherein the connecting member is disposed below the slide rail. 10. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, further comprising:
a slide rail configured to slidably support the seat body; and a rail cover configured to cover at least a part of the slide rail, wherein the connecting member is disposed inside the rail cover. 11. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the cover is formed in a bag shape and configured to cover an entirety of the first lock groove in a state where the cover is disposed in the covering position. 12. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the cover is formed in a plate shape and configured to cover only a part of the first lock groove in a state where the cover is disposed in the covering position. | A vehicle seat is detachably attached to a floor of a vehicle. The vehicle seat includes a seat body configured to support an occupant and a lock mechanism disposed below the seat body and detachably attached to a first striker provided on the floor. The lock mechanism includes a first lock part that has a first lock groove configured to be engaged with the first striker and a cover configured to be displaced between an exposing position to expose the first lock groove and a covering position to cover at least a part of the first lock groove.1. A vehicle seat detachably attached to a floor of a vehicle, comprising:
a seat body configured to support an occupant; and a lock mechanism disposed below the seat body, detachably attached to a first striker provided on the floor, and including
a first lock part that has a first lock groove configured to be engaged with the first striker, and
a cover configured to be displaced between an exposing position to expose the first lock groove and a covering position to cover at least a part of the first lock groove. 2. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the lock mechanism further includes
a second lock part that has a second lock groove configured to be engaged with a second striker provided on the floor, a lever disposed at the second lock part and configured to be displaced between an activated position and an inactivated position, and a connecting member connecting the cover and the lever, and when the second striker is engaged with the second lock groove, the second striker pushes the lever to displace the lever from the inactivated position to the activated position, and thereby, the lever pulls the cover via the connecting member to displace the cover from the covering position to the exposing position. 3. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the lock mechanism further includes an urging member configured to urge the cover to the covering position, and
when engagement of the first striker with the first lock groove and engagement of the second striker with the second lock groove are released, the cover is displaced from the exposing position to the covering position by an urging force of the urging member. 4. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the cover is configured to rotate between the exposing position and the covering position, and
the lever is configured to rotate between the activated position and the inactivated position. 5. The vehicle seat according to claim 4, wherein a rotational direction of the cover from the covering position to the exposing position is the same as a rotational direction of the lever from the inactivated position to the activated position. 6. The vehicle seat according to claim 4, wherein the cover includes a first upper arm extending upward from a rotational center of the cover,
the lever includes a second upper arm extending upward from a rotational center of the lever, a first end in a longitudinal direction of the connecting member is connected to the first upper arm, and a second end in the longitudinal direction of the connecting member is connected to the second upper arm. 7. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein the lever is disposed in front of the cover, and
the connecting member is composed of a cable extending in a fore and aft direction. 8. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, wherein, in a state where the lever is disposed in the inactivated position, the lever extends in a direction crossing a direction along which the second striker engages with the second lock groove. 9. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, further comprising a slide rail configured to slidably support the seat body,
wherein the connecting member is disposed below the slide rail. 10. The vehicle seat according to claim 2, further comprising:
a slide rail configured to slidably support the seat body; and a rail cover configured to cover at least a part of the slide rail, wherein the connecting member is disposed inside the rail cover. 11. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the cover is formed in a bag shape and configured to cover an entirety of the first lock groove in a state where the cover is disposed in the covering position. 12. The vehicle seat according to claim 1, wherein the cover is formed in a plate shape and configured to cover only a part of the first lock groove in a state where the cover is disposed in the covering position. | 2,100 |
349,764 | 350,638 | 16,854,404 | 2,182 | Information is collected from a management target device having a drive unit such as a machine tool, and this collected information is more practically used. An information collection device includes a collection unit that collects, from management target devices having a drive unit, operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and a comparison unit that extracts a plurality of sets of information matching in a predetermined condition from the operating state information thus collected, and outputs a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted. | 1-9. (canceled) 10. An information collection device comprising:
a collection unit which collects, from a management target device including a drive unit, as operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit, a result of quality determination of a workpiece machined by the management target device at least while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and a comparison unit that extracts, from the operating state information thus collected, a plurality of sets of information which match in a predetermined condition based on at least the result of the quality determination of the workpiece, and outputs a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted. 11. An information collection method performed by an information collection device, the method comprising the steps of:
collecting, from a management target device including a drive unit, as operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit, a result of quality determination of a workpiece machined by the management target device at least while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and extracting, from the operating state information thus collected, a plurality of sets of information which match in a predetermined condition based on at least the result of the quality determination of the workpiece, and outputting a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted. 12. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result between the operating state information of a first period, and the operating state information of a second period for one management target device. 13. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result of the operating state information for each of a plurality of management target devices. 14. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result between the operating state information serving as a reference and the operating state information thus collected. 15. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the collection unit collects, as operating state information, information indicating a driving state of the drive unit while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit. 16. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the collection unit collects, as operating state information, information indicating input/output timing of a signal from an external device which inputs and outputs the signal in relation to the management target device, while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit. 17. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the management target device is one of a plurality of management target devices, and the predetermined condition is information of the management target devices operating based on programs which are the same. 18. The information collection device according to claim 10,
wherein the management target device is a machine tool for performing machining on a workpiece, and wherein the collection unit collects the operating state information in a case of causing the management target device to operate accompanying movement of the drive unit without performing machining of a workpiece. | Information is collected from a management target device having a drive unit such as a machine tool, and this collected information is more practically used. An information collection device includes a collection unit that collects, from management target devices having a drive unit, operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and a comparison unit that extracts a plurality of sets of information matching in a predetermined condition from the operating state information thus collected, and outputs a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted.1-9. (canceled) 10. An information collection device comprising:
a collection unit which collects, from a management target device including a drive unit, as operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit, a result of quality determination of a workpiece machined by the management target device at least while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and a comparison unit that extracts, from the operating state information thus collected, a plurality of sets of information which match in a predetermined condition based on at least the result of the quality determination of the workpiece, and outputs a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted. 11. An information collection method performed by an information collection device, the method comprising the steps of:
collecting, from a management target device including a drive unit, as operating state information which is information indicating an operating state of the management target device while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit, a result of quality determination of a workpiece machined by the management target device at least while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit; and extracting, from the operating state information thus collected, a plurality of sets of information which match in a predetermined condition based on at least the result of the quality determination of the workpiece, and outputting a comparison result of the plurality of sets of information thus extracted. 12. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result between the operating state information of a first period, and the operating state information of a second period for one management target device. 13. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result of the operating state information for each of a plurality of management target devices. 14. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the comparison unit outputs a comparison result between the operating state information serving as a reference and the operating state information thus collected. 15. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the collection unit collects, as operating state information, information indicating a driving state of the drive unit while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit. 16. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the collection unit collects, as operating state information, information indicating input/output timing of a signal from an external device which inputs and outputs the signal in relation to the management target device, while operating accompanying movement of the drive unit. 17. The information collection device according to claim 10, wherein the management target device is one of a plurality of management target devices, and the predetermined condition is information of the management target devices operating based on programs which are the same. 18. The information collection device according to claim 10,
wherein the management target device is a machine tool for performing machining on a workpiece, and wherein the collection unit collects the operating state information in a case of causing the management target device to operate accompanying movement of the drive unit without performing machining of a workpiece. | 2,100 |
349,765 | 350,639 | 16,854,435 | 2,182 | An image forming apparatus includes a display and a control device. The control device functions as: a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and a controller. The controller performs, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus. The storage location is where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored. Based on a predetermined first degree using at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be different as the first degree becomes higher. | 1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a display; and a control device that includes a processor and, through the processor executing a control program, functions as:
a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and
a controller performing, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus, the storage location being a location where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored,
wherein based on a predetermined first degree that uses at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be different as the first degree becomes higher. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller performs a processing of changing the display color of the two-dimensional code in a manner that redness increases as the first degree becomes higher, the processing of changing being performed as the changing of the display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when more than one two-dimensional code is contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller changes the display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble with higher degree so as to be more reddish than the display color of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with lower degree, and then outputs the two-dimensional codes. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes the trouble-displaying image to include an appearance diagram of the own apparatus and displays the two-dimensional code in association with a position on the appearance diagram corresponding to a trouble occurrence location. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein by displaying a leader line that connects the position on the appearance diagram corresponding to the trouble occurrence location with the two-dimensional code, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein by displaying with a paint-out pattern the trouble occurrence location on the appearance diagram, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when a predetermined number or more two-dimensional codes are contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller reduces a size of an image showing each element that composes the trouble-displaying image while maintaining a relative size relationship between each element, and causes the display to display the image. | An image forming apparatus includes a display and a control device. The control device functions as: a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and a controller. The controller performs, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus. The storage location is where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored. Based on a predetermined first degree using at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be different as the first degree becomes higher.1. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a display; and a control device that includes a processor and, through the processor executing a control program, functions as:
a detector detecting a trouble occurred in an own apparatus; and
a controller performing, with respect to a trouble-displaying image including a two-dimensional code in which a storage location on a network is converted into an image, at least one of three outputs of displaying on the display, printing on a recording sheet, and transmitting to an external apparatus, the storage location being a location where information indicating a method for dealing with the trouble detected by the detector is stored,
wherein based on a predetermined first degree that uses at least either difficulty in solving the trouble or seriousness of the trouble as an indicator, the controller changes a display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble so as to be different as the first degree becomes higher. 2. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller performs a processing of changing the display color of the two-dimensional code in a manner that redness increases as the first degree becomes higher, the processing of changing being performed as the changing of the display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble. 3. The image forming apparatus according to claim 2, wherein when more than one two-dimensional code is contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller changes the display color of the two-dimensional code corresponding to the trouble with higher degree so as to be more reddish than the display color of a two-dimensional code corresponding to a trouble with lower degree, and then outputs the two-dimensional codes. 4. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the controller causes the trouble-displaying image to include an appearance diagram of the own apparatus and displays the two-dimensional code in association with a position on the appearance diagram corresponding to a trouble occurrence location. 5. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein by displaying a leader line that connects the position on the appearance diagram corresponding to the trouble occurrence location with the two-dimensional code, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 6. The image forming apparatus according to claim 4, wherein by displaying with a paint-out pattern the trouble occurrence location on the appearance diagram, the controller displays the association between the position corresponding to the trouble occurrence location and the two-dimensional code. 7. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein when a predetermined number or more two-dimensional codes are contained in the trouble-displaying image, the controller reduces a size of an image showing each element that composes the trouble-displaying image while maintaining a relative size relationship between each element, and causes the display to display the image. | 2,100 |
349,766 | 350,640 | 16,854,445 | 2,182 | A telescopic bracket has a retracted state and an extended state. The telescopic bracket comprises a fixed assembly, a moving member, and a spring. The moving member is movably coupled to the fixed assembly to move along an axial direction of the fixed assembly, causing the telescopic bracket to switch between the retracted state and the extended state. The spring is disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force to the moving member, and the cross section of the spring could be a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape. An open-up device using the telescopic bracket is also provided. | 1. A telescopic bracket having a retracted state and an extended state, the telescopic bracket comprising:
a fixed assembly; a moving member movably coupled to the fixed assembly to move along an axial direction of the fixed assembly, causing the telescopic bracket to switch between the retracted state and the extended state; and a spring disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force to the moving member, wherein the cross section of the spring is a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape. 2. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein when the telescopic bracket is in the retracted state, the spring is in a compressed state to provide the elastic restoring force to the fixed assembly and the moving member along the moving direction of the moving member to assist the telescopic bracket to switch from the retracted state to the extended state. 3. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises a body and a screw rod extending from the body, the screw rod has a first screw thread and is able to rotate on the body along the axial direction of the screw rod, the moving member sleeves on the periphery of the screw rod, the inside of the moving member has a second screw thread corresponding to the first screw thread, so that the moving member is able to move along the axial direction of the screw rod corresponding to the rotation direction of the screw rod, thereby the telescopic bracket switches between the retracted state and the extended state. 4. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises a protective member sleeving on the periphery of the moving member, one end of the protective member is coupled to the body, and the protective member is configured to protect the exposed screw rod, which is exposed after the moving member moves along the axial direction far from the body. 5. The telescopic bracket of the claim 4, wherein the protective member further comprises a first limiting member disposed on the inner surface therein, the moving member comprises a second limiting member corresponding to the first limiting member, and the second limiting member is disposed on the outer surface of the moving member, wherein the first limiting member and the second limiting member are engaged with each other to restrict the moving member to move along the axial direction of the screw rod. 6. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises an actuating member disposed therein, and the actuating member is configured to drive the fixed assembly to cause the fixed assembly driving the moving member to move along the axial direction of the fixed assembly. 7. An open-up device having a telescopic bracket, comprising:
a base; a telescopic bracket, a first end of the telescopic bracket coupled to the base, the telescopic bracket having a fixed assembly, a moving member and a spring which is disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force, wherein the cross section of the spring is a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape; and a cover coupled to a second end of the telescopic bracket, one side of the cover pivotally coupled to the base; thereby, the cover is able to rotate relative to the base; wherein the cover is opened-up from the base or closed to the base by a pivot formed at the position where the cover is pivotally coupled to the base, through the telescopic action of the telescopic bracket. 8. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the telescopic bracket further comprises an actuating member, which has a signal receiver configured to receive an external signal for actuating the actuating member; thereby, the telescopic bracket is retracted or extended. 9. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the base is a car body and the cover is a car door corresponding to the car body. 10. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the base is a bed frame and the cover is a bed plate corresponding to the bed frame. | A telescopic bracket has a retracted state and an extended state. The telescopic bracket comprises a fixed assembly, a moving member, and a spring. The moving member is movably coupled to the fixed assembly to move along an axial direction of the fixed assembly, causing the telescopic bracket to switch between the retracted state and the extended state. The spring is disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force to the moving member, and the cross section of the spring could be a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape. An open-up device using the telescopic bracket is also provided.1. A telescopic bracket having a retracted state and an extended state, the telescopic bracket comprising:
a fixed assembly; a moving member movably coupled to the fixed assembly to move along an axial direction of the fixed assembly, causing the telescopic bracket to switch between the retracted state and the extended state; and a spring disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force to the moving member, wherein the cross section of the spring is a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape. 2. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein when the telescopic bracket is in the retracted state, the spring is in a compressed state to provide the elastic restoring force to the fixed assembly and the moving member along the moving direction of the moving member to assist the telescopic bracket to switch from the retracted state to the extended state. 3. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises a body and a screw rod extending from the body, the screw rod has a first screw thread and is able to rotate on the body along the axial direction of the screw rod, the moving member sleeves on the periphery of the screw rod, the inside of the moving member has a second screw thread corresponding to the first screw thread, so that the moving member is able to move along the axial direction of the screw rod corresponding to the rotation direction of the screw rod, thereby the telescopic bracket switches between the retracted state and the extended state. 4. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises a protective member sleeving on the periphery of the moving member, one end of the protective member is coupled to the body, and the protective member is configured to protect the exposed screw rod, which is exposed after the moving member moves along the axial direction far from the body. 5. The telescopic bracket of the claim 4, wherein the protective member further comprises a first limiting member disposed on the inner surface therein, the moving member comprises a second limiting member corresponding to the first limiting member, and the second limiting member is disposed on the outer surface of the moving member, wherein the first limiting member and the second limiting member are engaged with each other to restrict the moving member to move along the axial direction of the screw rod. 6. The telescopic bracket of the claim 1, wherein the fixed assembly further comprises an actuating member disposed therein, and the actuating member is configured to drive the fixed assembly to cause the fixed assembly driving the moving member to move along the axial direction of the fixed assembly. 7. An open-up device having a telescopic bracket, comprising:
a base; a telescopic bracket, a first end of the telescopic bracket coupled to the base, the telescopic bracket having a fixed assembly, a moving member and a spring which is disposed between the fixed assembly and the moving member to provide an elastic restoring force, wherein the cross section of the spring is a trapezoidal shape, a rectangular shape, a square shape, a parallelogram shape, or an unequal quadrilateral shape; and a cover coupled to a second end of the telescopic bracket, one side of the cover pivotally coupled to the base; thereby, the cover is able to rotate relative to the base; wherein the cover is opened-up from the base or closed to the base by a pivot formed at the position where the cover is pivotally coupled to the base, through the telescopic action of the telescopic bracket. 8. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the telescopic bracket further comprises an actuating member, which has a signal receiver configured to receive an external signal for actuating the actuating member; thereby, the telescopic bracket is retracted or extended. 9. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the base is a car body and the cover is a car door corresponding to the car body. 10. The open-up device of the claim 7, wherein the base is a bed frame and the cover is a bed plate corresponding to the bed frame. | 2,100 |
349,767 | 350,641 | 16,854,429 | 2,182 | Host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes of a memory device is received. A first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data is executed. The set of multi-plane parity data is stored in in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system. A second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data is executed. The set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system is stored. A data recovery operation is performed based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes; executing a first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data; storing the set of multi-plane parity data in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system; executing a second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data; storing the set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system; and performing a data recovery operation based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the set of multiple planes comprises less than a total number of planes of the host data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising executing a third parity generation operation based on a first sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising executing a fourth parity generation operation based on a second sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising executing a fifth parity generation operation based on the first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data and the second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data to generate a set of multi-plane multi-sub-block parity data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parity generation operation comprises an exclusive or (XOR) operation, and wherein the set of multi-plane parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data recovery operation is performed to recover the host data in response to a failure. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
detecting an error associated with host data written to a page of a storage area of a memory sub-system including a set of multiple planes; retrieving a first set of parity data from a cache memory of a controller of the memory sub-system, wherein the first set of parity data is generated based on less than a total number of planes of the host data; and performing a data recovery operation based at least in part on the first set of parity data. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, the operation further comprising:
executing a first parity generation operation using the host data corresponding to less than the total number of planes to generate the first set of parity data. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
retrieving a second set of parity data from the cache memory of the controller, wherein the second set of parity data comprises multi-page parity data, and wherein the data recovery operation is performed using the second set of parity data 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, the operation further comprising:
executing a second parity generation operation using the host data corresponding to the total number of planes to generate the second set of parity data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first set of parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values corresponding to a portion of the host data comprising less than the total number of planes of the host data. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising:
generate a third set of parity data based on a first sub-block of the portion of the host data; generate a fourth set of parity data based on a second sub-block of the portion of the host data; generate a fifth set of parity data based on the third set of parity data and the fourth set of parity data, wherein the data recovery operation is performed using the fifth set of parity data. 14. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
receiving host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes;
executing a first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data;
storing the set of multi-plane parity data in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system;
executing a second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data;
storing the set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system; and
performing a data recovery operation based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the portion of the set of multiple planes comprises less than a total number of planes of the host data. 16. The system of claim 14, the operations further comprising executing a third parity generation operation based on a first sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 17. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising executing a fourth parity generation operation based on a second sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 18. The system of claim 17, the operation further comprising executing a fifth parity generation operation based on the first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data and the second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data to generate a set of multi-plane multi-sub-block parity data. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the first parity generation operation comprises an exclusive or (XOR) operation, and wherein the set of multi-plane parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the data recovery operation is performed to recover the host data in response to a failure. | Host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes of a memory device is received. A first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data is executed. The set of multi-plane parity data is stored in in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system. A second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data is executed. The set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system is stored. A data recovery operation is performed based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data.1. A method comprising:
receiving, by a processing device, host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes; executing a first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data; storing the set of multi-plane parity data in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system; executing a second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data; storing the set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system; and performing a data recovery operation based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the portion of the set of multiple planes comprises less than a total number of planes of the host data. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising executing a third parity generation operation based on a first sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising executing a fourth parity generation operation based on a second sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising executing a fifth parity generation operation based on the first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data and the second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data to generate a set of multi-plane multi-sub-block parity data. 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first parity generation operation comprises an exclusive or (XOR) operation, and wherein the set of multi-plane parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the data recovery operation is performed to recover the host data in response to a failure. 8. A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising instructions, which when executed by a processing device, cause the processing device to perform operations comprising:
detecting an error associated with host data written to a page of a storage area of a memory sub-system including a set of multiple planes; retrieving a first set of parity data from a cache memory of a controller of the memory sub-system, wherein the first set of parity data is generated based on less than a total number of planes of the host data; and performing a data recovery operation based at least in part on the first set of parity data. 9. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, the operation further comprising:
executing a first parity generation operation using the host data corresponding to less than the total number of planes to generate the first set of parity data. 10. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, the operations further comprising:
retrieving a second set of parity data from the cache memory of the controller, wherein the second set of parity data comprises multi-page parity data, and wherein the data recovery operation is performed using the second set of parity data 11. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 10, the operation further comprising:
executing a second parity generation operation using the host data corresponding to the total number of planes to generate the second set of parity data. 12. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 8, wherein the first set of parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values corresponding to a portion of the host data comprising less than the total number of planes of the host data. 13. The non-transitory computer readable medium of claim 12, the operations further comprising:
generate a third set of parity data based on a first sub-block of the portion of the host data; generate a fourth set of parity data based on a second sub-block of the portion of the host data; generate a fifth set of parity data based on the third set of parity data and the fourth set of parity data, wherein the data recovery operation is performed using the fifth set of parity data. 14. A system comprising:
a memory device; and a processing device, operatively coupled with the memory device, to perform operations comprising:
receiving host data to be written to a storage area including a set of multiple planes;
executing a first parity generation operation based on a portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-plane parity data;
storing the set of multi-plane parity data in a cache memory of a controller of a memory sub-system;
executing a second parity generation operation based on the set of the multiple planes of the host data to generate a set of multi-page parity data;
storing the set of multi-page parity data in the cache memory of the controller of the memory sub-system; and
performing a data recovery operation based on the set of multi-plane parity data and the set of multi-page parity data. 15. The system of claim 14, wherein the portion of the set of multiple planes comprises less than a total number of planes of the host data. 16. The system of claim 14, the operations further comprising executing a third parity generation operation based on a first sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 17. The system of claim 16, the operations further comprising executing a fourth parity generation operation based on a second sub-block of the portion of the set of multiple planes of the host data to generate a second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data. 18. The system of claim 17, the operation further comprising executing a fifth parity generation operation based on the first set of multi-plane sub-block parity data and the second set of multi-plane sub-block parity data to generate a set of multi-plane multi-sub-block parity data. 19. The system of claim 14, wherein the first parity generation operation comprises an exclusive or (XOR) operation, and wherein the set of multi-plane parity data comprises a set of XOR parity values. 20. The system of claim 14, wherein the data recovery operation is performed to recover the host data in response to a failure. | 2,100 |
349,768 | 350,642 | 16,854,448 | 2,182 | Methods and apparatus for validating wash processes and related operations for food processing, including preventing undesirable deviations in such food processing. One example method for validating a process for a food processing system generally includes: operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. | 1. A method for validating a process for a food processing system, comprising:
operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the process metric based on the process to be validated. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising confirming the process was actually performed by monitoring one or more process control parameters during the validation period. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the process metric comprises a lethality metric or a cross-contamination metric for the food product. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the validation period. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period is based on historical data for the food processing system based on previous processing of the food product. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period comprises selecting a time window long enough to have a constant variance of a parameter for the process. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period is based on historical data for another food processing system having previously processed the food product and wherein the other food processing system is similar to the food processing system. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the food product comprises leafy greens or fresh-cut produce. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the process is valid comprises determining that each value in the set of process metric measurements meets a criterion. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises repeatedly:
assessing at least one parameter for the process; comparing the at least one parameter to at least one condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparison. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature of process water in the food processing system, a pH of the process water, or a free active chlorine concentration in the process water. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the assessing, the comparing, or the controlling is performed by a process water monitor and control processor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one input variable comprises an amount of concentrated wash solution and wherein the controlling comprises controlling the amount of concentrated wash solution to add to process water of the food processing system with the process water monitor and control processor. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises repeatedly:
measuring a parameter for the process at each of a plurality of different locations in the food processing system to generate a plurality of measurements; comparing each of the plurality of measurements to a condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparisons. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising assessing an inhomogeneity of the process based on the plurality of measurements of the parameter at the plurality of different locations in the food processing system. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises:
sensing, using a first sensor disposed at a first location in the food processing system, a first measurement of a parameter for the process, wherein the first sensor is calibrated; sensing, using a second sensor disposed at the first location in the food processing system, a second measurement of the parameter; sensing, using a third sensor disposed at a second location different from the first location, a third measurement of the parameter, wherein the second sensor and the third sensor are a same type of sensor; determining a relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor based on the first measurement and the second measurement; and adjusting a value of the third measurement based on the relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, executable by one or more processors, for performing operations for validating a process for a food processing system, the operations comprising:
operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 19. A system for validating a process for food processing, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to control operation of a food processing system on a food product according to the process, for at least a validation period; and at least one sensor coupled to the at least one processor and configured to measure a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor comprises a process water monitor and control processor. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by repeatedly:
assessing at least one parameter for the process; comparing the at least one parameter to at least one condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparison. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature of process water in the food processing system, a pH of the process water, or a free active chlorine concentration in the process water. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one input variable comprises an amount of concentrated wash solution and wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by controlling the amount of concentrated wash solution to add to process water of the food processing system. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the process metric comprises a lethality metric or a cross-contamination metric for the food product. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the validation period based on historical data for the food processing system based on previous processing of the food product. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the process is valid by determining that each value in the set of process metric measurements meets a criterion. 27. The system of claim 19, further comprising a plurality of other sensors configured to measure a parameter at each of a plurality of different locations in the food processing system to generate a plurality of measurements, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation by repeatedly:
comparing each of the plurality of measurements to a condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparisons. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to assess an inhomogeneity of the process based on the plurality of measurements of the parameter at the plurality of different locations in the food processing system. 29. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
a first sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at a first location in the food processing system, and configured to determine a first measurement of a parameter for the process, wherein the first sensor is calibrated; a second sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at the first location in the food processing system, and configured to determine a second measurement of the parameter; and a third sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at a second location different from the first location, and configured to determine a third measurement of the parameter, wherein the second sensor and the third sensor are a same type of sensor, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by:
determining a relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor based on the first measurement and the second measurement; and
adjusting a value of the third measurement based on the relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor. | Methods and apparatus for validating wash processes and related operations for food processing, including preventing undesirable deviations in such food processing. One example method for validating a process for a food processing system generally includes: operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements.1. A method for validating a process for a food processing system, comprising:
operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the process metric based on the process to be validated. 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising confirming the process was actually performed by monitoring one or more process control parameters during the validation period. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the process metric comprises a lethality metric or a cross-contamination metric for the food product. 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining the validation period. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period is based on historical data for the food processing system based on previous processing of the food product. 7. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period comprises selecting a time window long enough to have a constant variance of a parameter for the process. 8. The method of claim 5, wherein determining the validation period is based on historical data for another food processing system having previously processed the food product and wherein the other food processing system is similar to the food processing system. 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the food product comprises leafy greens or fresh-cut produce. 10. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether the process is valid comprises determining that each value in the set of process metric measurements meets a criterion. 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises repeatedly:
assessing at least one parameter for the process; comparing the at least one parameter to at least one condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparison. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature of process water in the food processing system, a pH of the process water, or a free active chlorine concentration in the process water. 13. The method of claim 11, wherein at least one of the assessing, the comparing, or the controlling is performed by a process water monitor and control processor. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the at least one input variable comprises an amount of concentrated wash solution and wherein the controlling comprises controlling the amount of concentrated wash solution to add to process water of the food processing system with the process water monitor and control processor. 15. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises repeatedly:
measuring a parameter for the process at each of a plurality of different locations in the food processing system to generate a plurality of measurements; comparing each of the plurality of measurements to a condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparisons. 16. The method of claim 15, further comprising assessing an inhomogeneity of the process based on the plurality of measurements of the parameter at the plurality of different locations in the food processing system. 17. The method of claim 1, wherein the operating comprises:
sensing, using a first sensor disposed at a first location in the food processing system, a first measurement of a parameter for the process, wherein the first sensor is calibrated; sensing, using a second sensor disposed at the first location in the food processing system, a second measurement of the parameter; sensing, using a third sensor disposed at a second location different from the first location, a third measurement of the parameter, wherein the second sensor and the third sensor are a same type of sensor; determining a relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor based on the first measurement and the second measurement; and adjusting a value of the third measurement based on the relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor. 18. A non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions, executable by one or more processors, for performing operations for validating a process for a food processing system, the operations comprising:
operating the food processing system on a food product according to the process, wherein the operating is performed for at least a validation period; measuring a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements; and determining whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 19. A system for validating a process for food processing, the system comprising:
at least one processor configured to control operation of a food processing system on a food product according to the process, for at least a validation period; and at least one sensor coupled to the at least one processor and configured to measure a process metric at multiple times during the validation period while the food processing system is operating according to the process, wherein the measuring generates a set of process metric measurements and wherein the at least one processor is further configured to determine whether the process for the food processing system is valid, based on the set of process metric measurements. 20. The system of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor comprises a process water monitor and control processor. 21. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by repeatedly:
assessing at least one parameter for the process; comparing the at least one parameter to at least one condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparison. 22. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one parameter comprises at least one of a temperature of process water in the food processing system, a pH of the process water, or a free active chlorine concentration in the process water. 23. The system of claim 21, wherein the at least one input variable comprises an amount of concentrated wash solution and wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by controlling the amount of concentrated wash solution to add to process water of the food processing system. 24. The system of claim 19, wherein the process metric comprises a lethality metric or a cross-contamination metric for the food product. 25. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the validation period based on historical data for the food processing system based on previous processing of the food product. 26. The system of claim 19, wherein the processor is configured to determine whether the process is valid by determining that each value in the set of process metric measurements meets a criterion. 27. The system of claim 19, further comprising a plurality of other sensors configured to measure a parameter at each of a plurality of different locations in the food processing system to generate a plurality of measurements, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation by repeatedly:
comparing each of the plurality of measurements to a condition; and controlling at least one input variable for the food processing system based on the comparisons. 28. The system of claim 27, wherein the processor is further configured to assess an inhomogeneity of the process based on the plurality of measurements of the parameter at the plurality of different locations in the food processing system. 29. The system of claim 19, further comprising:
a first sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at a first location in the food processing system, and configured to determine a first measurement of a parameter for the process, wherein the first sensor is calibrated; a second sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at the first location in the food processing system, and configured to determine a second measurement of the parameter; and a third sensor coupled to the at least one processor, disposed at a second location different from the first location, and configured to determine a third measurement of the parameter, wherein the second sensor and the third sensor are a same type of sensor, wherein the processor is configured to control the operation of the food processing system by:
determining a relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor based on the first measurement and the second measurement; and
adjusting a value of the third measurement based on the relationship between the first sensor and the second sensor. | 2,100 |
349,769 | 350,643 | 16,854,427 | 2,182 | Features are applied to a mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern for opening a container. The cutting pattern specifies which of one or more cutting tools is to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made on the container. The cutting pattern is sent to a container opening machine. The container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern. | 1. A system for opening a container, the system comprising:
a scanning surface; a plurality of containers that arrive and are sequentially placed on the scanning surface; a scanning device; a sensor; a database that stores a mathematical model; a container opening machine including at least one cutting tool, the at least one cutting tool being one or more of a saw blade or a laser, wherein the at least one cutting tool is applied to each of the plurality of containers arriving on the scanning surface to open the container; a control circuit coupled to the database, the scanning device, the sensor, and the container opening machine, wherein the control circuit is configured to: receive sensor data from the sensor, the sensor data identifying the contents of the container; receive scanned images from the scanning device, the scanned images being of the contents of the interior of the container; analyze the sensor data and the scanned images to obtain features of the contents of the container; apply the features to the mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern, the cutting pattern specifying which of the one or more cutting tools to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made; send the cutting pattern to the container opening machine; wherein the container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the depth of the cuts into the container. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the speed of the cutting tool. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the features of the contents include one or more of the dimensions of the contents, the spacing of the contents, the shape of the contents, the size of the contents, the number of contents in the container, the monetary value of the contents, and the orientation of the contents. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the container includes a label or tag that is scanned and the sensor data is sensed from the label or tag. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the containers include the same type of items. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern species that cutting tool selected is a laser and that the intensity of the laser is adjusted to a predetermined value. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the mathematical model is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the scanning surface is a conveyor belt. 10. A method for opening a container, the method comprising:
providing a scanning surface, a plurality of containers that arrive and are sequentially placed on the scanning surface, a scanning device, a sensor and a database that stores a mathematical model; providing a container opening machine that includes at least one cutting tool, the at least one cutting tool being one or more of a saw blade or a laser, wherein the at least one cutting tool is applied to each of the plurality of containers arriving on the scanning surface to open the container; at a control circuit, receiving sensor data from the sensor, the sensor data identifying the contents of the container; at the control circuit, receiving scanned images from the scanning device, the scanned images being of the contents of the interior of the container; at the control circuit, analyzing the sensor data and the scanned images to obtain features of the contents of the container; at the control circuit, applying the features to the mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern, the cutting pattern specifying which of the one or more cutting tools to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made; by the control circuit, sending the cutting pattern to the container opening machine; wherein the container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the depth of the cuts into the container. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the speed of the cutting tool. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the features of the contents include one or more of the dimensions of the contents, the spacing of the contents, the shape of the contents, the size of the contents, the number of contents in the container, the monetary value of the contents, and the orientation of the contents. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the container includes a label or tag that is scanned and the sensor data is sensed from the label or tag. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the containers include the same type of items. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern species that cutting tool selected is a laser and that the intensity of the laser is adjusted to a predetermined value. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the mathematical model is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the scanning surface is a conveyor belt. | Features are applied to a mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern for opening a container. The cutting pattern specifies which of one or more cutting tools is to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made on the container. The cutting pattern is sent to a container opening machine. The container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern.1. A system for opening a container, the system comprising:
a scanning surface; a plurality of containers that arrive and are sequentially placed on the scanning surface; a scanning device; a sensor; a database that stores a mathematical model; a container opening machine including at least one cutting tool, the at least one cutting tool being one or more of a saw blade or a laser, wherein the at least one cutting tool is applied to each of the plurality of containers arriving on the scanning surface to open the container; a control circuit coupled to the database, the scanning device, the sensor, and the container opening machine, wherein the control circuit is configured to: receive sensor data from the sensor, the sensor data identifying the contents of the container; receive scanned images from the scanning device, the scanned images being of the contents of the interior of the container; analyze the sensor data and the scanned images to obtain features of the contents of the container; apply the features to the mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern, the cutting pattern specifying which of the one or more cutting tools to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made; send the cutting pattern to the container opening machine; wherein the container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern. 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the depth of the cuts into the container. 3. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the speed of the cutting tool. 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the features of the contents include one or more of the dimensions of the contents, the spacing of the contents, the shape of the contents, the size of the contents, the number of contents in the container, the monetary value of the contents, and the orientation of the contents. 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the container includes a label or tag that is scanned and the sensor data is sensed from the label or tag. 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the containers include the same type of items. 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the cutting pattern species that cutting tool selected is a laser and that the intensity of the laser is adjusted to a predetermined value. 8. The system of claim 1, wherein the mathematical model is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 9. The system of claim 1, wherein the scanning surface is a conveyor belt. 10. A method for opening a container, the method comprising:
providing a scanning surface, a plurality of containers that arrive and are sequentially placed on the scanning surface, a scanning device, a sensor and a database that stores a mathematical model; providing a container opening machine that includes at least one cutting tool, the at least one cutting tool being one or more of a saw blade or a laser, wherein the at least one cutting tool is applied to each of the plurality of containers arriving on the scanning surface to open the container; at a control circuit, receiving sensor data from the sensor, the sensor data identifying the contents of the container; at the control circuit, receiving scanned images from the scanning device, the scanned images being of the contents of the interior of the container; at the control circuit, analyzing the sensor data and the scanned images to obtain features of the contents of the container; at the control circuit, applying the features to the mathematical model to produce a cutting pattern, the cutting pattern specifying which of the one or more cutting tools to be used and the location of where cuts are to be made; by the control circuit, sending the cutting pattern to the container opening machine; wherein the container opening machine is operated and the container cut and opened by the container opening machine according to the cutting pattern. 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the depth of the cuts into the container. 12. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern further includes the speed of the cutting tool. 13. The method of claim 10, wherein the features of the contents include one or more of the dimensions of the contents, the spacing of the contents, the shape of the contents, the size of the contents, the number of contents in the container, the monetary value of the contents, and the orientation of the contents. 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the container includes a label or tag that is scanned and the sensor data is sensed from the label or tag. 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the containers include the same type of items. 16. The method of claim 10, wherein the cutting pattern species that cutting tool selected is a laser and that the intensity of the laser is adjusted to a predetermined value. 17. The method of claim 10, wherein the mathematical model is a convolutional neural network (CNN). 18. The method of claim 10, wherein the scanning surface is a conveyor belt. | 2,100 |
349,770 | 350,644 | 16,854,442 | 2,182 | A ground antenna determines the current time and its own position from received signals that were transmitted by artificial earth satellites for communication. A high-gain multi-beam electrically-steered antenna is combined with a processing system to measure the angles between two or more satellites and determine the present distance to each satellite by the information broadcast on the TT&C channel. The knowledge of the angles and distances, as well as the trajectory of the satellites, can be combined with their locations as predicted by the satellite ephemeris data to triangulate the location of the receiver. This system is different from conventional GPS antennas because it does not require the cooperation of active communication with the satellites to derive a location estimate. The location is computed by the ground terminal, not by the satellite. This system can be used in cases where other locating services are offline, jammed, or otherwise unavailable to maintain location and time synchronization. | 1. A system for generating estimates of location and time from passively received non-GNSS communications signals not designed or intended or readily usable for location and time extraction by ground terminals:
a. an electrically-steered multi-beam antenna, each beam from the multi-beam antenna steered to track and receive a signal from a separate satellite; b. a receiver for each beam of said multi-beam antenna; c. a processing device configured to determine a location of said system based on the signals received by each beam of said multi-beam antenna, and by said receiver, and based on ephemeris data for the satellite. 2. The system of claim 1, said processing device configured to estimate an angular position of the satellite based on a direction of arrival of the signal as determined by the steering angle of the beam, said processing device further configured to triangulate the location of said system. 3. The system of claim 1, said processing device extracting a current time from the signals. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising an onboard atomic clock to supplement and stabilize the current time extracted from the different links. 5. The system of claim 3, said processing device determining time-of-flight and distance from each satellite based on the current time and received non-GNSS signals. 6. The system of claim 5, where the distance from each satellite is used to determine the position of the receiver. 7. The system of claim 1, where doppler shift of signal channels is used to infer relative velocity and trajectory of each satellite relative to the receiver 8. The system of claim 1 where angle of arrival, time of flight, and doppler shift measurements are combined to improve position estimate accuracy. 9. The system of claim 1 where multiple measurements of the same satellite over time are used to establish an estimate of the satellite trajectory to improve estimated location and accuracy. 10. The system of claim 1 where a local IMU sensor is used to correlate signals received at different times to improve estimated location and accuracy. 11. The system of claim 1 where one or more bidirectional general-purpose communications links with the non-GNSS satellites are established to obtain orbital ephemeris data on all of the other non-GNSS satellites being tracked. 12. The system of claim 1 where a cooperative satellite broadcast is transmitted by one or more of the target satellites to distribute orbital ephemeris data on all of the target satellites. 13. The system of claim 1 where a terrestrial data connection is used to obtain orbital ephemeris data on all of the target satellites. 14. The system of claim 1 where ephemeris data for potential target satellites is preserved in local data storage for access. 15. The system of claim 1 where the uncertainty of each independent measurement is used to estimate the overall position uncertainty. 16. The system of claim 1 where the antenna is a VSAT antenna 17. The system of claim 16 where the antenna is a phased array. 18. The system of claim 16 where the antenna is a lens antenna array. 19. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in LEO. 20. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in MEO. 21. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in GEO. 22. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in multiple orbits. 23. The system of claim 1 where the TT&C links are transmitted at Ka band. 24. The system of claim 1 where the TT&C links are transmitted at Ku band. | A ground antenna determines the current time and its own position from received signals that were transmitted by artificial earth satellites for communication. A high-gain multi-beam electrically-steered antenna is combined with a processing system to measure the angles between two or more satellites and determine the present distance to each satellite by the information broadcast on the TT&C channel. The knowledge of the angles and distances, as well as the trajectory of the satellites, can be combined with their locations as predicted by the satellite ephemeris data to triangulate the location of the receiver. This system is different from conventional GPS antennas because it does not require the cooperation of active communication with the satellites to derive a location estimate. The location is computed by the ground terminal, not by the satellite. This system can be used in cases where other locating services are offline, jammed, or otherwise unavailable to maintain location and time synchronization.1. A system for generating estimates of location and time from passively received non-GNSS communications signals not designed or intended or readily usable for location and time extraction by ground terminals:
a. an electrically-steered multi-beam antenna, each beam from the multi-beam antenna steered to track and receive a signal from a separate satellite; b. a receiver for each beam of said multi-beam antenna; c. a processing device configured to determine a location of said system based on the signals received by each beam of said multi-beam antenna, and by said receiver, and based on ephemeris data for the satellite. 2. The system of claim 1, said processing device configured to estimate an angular position of the satellite based on a direction of arrival of the signal as determined by the steering angle of the beam, said processing device further configured to triangulate the location of said system. 3. The system of claim 1, said processing device extracting a current time from the signals. 4. The system of claim 3, further comprising an onboard atomic clock to supplement and stabilize the current time extracted from the different links. 5. The system of claim 3, said processing device determining time-of-flight and distance from each satellite based on the current time and received non-GNSS signals. 6. The system of claim 5, where the distance from each satellite is used to determine the position of the receiver. 7. The system of claim 1, where doppler shift of signal channels is used to infer relative velocity and trajectory of each satellite relative to the receiver 8. The system of claim 1 where angle of arrival, time of flight, and doppler shift measurements are combined to improve position estimate accuracy. 9. The system of claim 1 where multiple measurements of the same satellite over time are used to establish an estimate of the satellite trajectory to improve estimated location and accuracy. 10. The system of claim 1 where a local IMU sensor is used to correlate signals received at different times to improve estimated location and accuracy. 11. The system of claim 1 where one or more bidirectional general-purpose communications links with the non-GNSS satellites are established to obtain orbital ephemeris data on all of the other non-GNSS satellites being tracked. 12. The system of claim 1 where a cooperative satellite broadcast is transmitted by one or more of the target satellites to distribute orbital ephemeris data on all of the target satellites. 13. The system of claim 1 where a terrestrial data connection is used to obtain orbital ephemeris data on all of the target satellites. 14. The system of claim 1 where ephemeris data for potential target satellites is preserved in local data storage for access. 15. The system of claim 1 where the uncertainty of each independent measurement is used to estimate the overall position uncertainty. 16. The system of claim 1 where the antenna is a VSAT antenna 17. The system of claim 16 where the antenna is a phased array. 18. The system of claim 16 where the antenna is a lens antenna array. 19. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in LEO. 20. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in MEO. 21. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in GEO. 22. The system of claim 1 where the satellites are in multiple orbits. 23. The system of claim 1 where the TT&C links are transmitted at Ka band. 24. The system of claim 1 where the TT&C links are transmitted at Ku band. | 2,100 |
349,771 | 350,645 | 16,854,425 | 3,673 | Infant support devices and containment devices are described for use with premature and small-for-age infants, and in particular premature babies two kilograms or less, and even babies of one kilograms or less. The devices can be used separately or in combination (whereupon both support and containment are achieved together). | 1-26. (canceled) 27. An infant containment device comprising i) first and second individually moveable outer arms connected through a middle piece, ii) first and second individually moveable inner arms connected to said middle piece at first and second junctions, said first and second junctions separated by a space equal to at least half the width of said first or second inner arms, wherein said inner and outer arms comprise compressible material covered in fabric. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein said compressible materials comprise compressible beads. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein said beads comprise elastomeric polymer. 30. The device of claim 28, wherein said beads comprise thermoplastic elastomeric polymer. 31. A method of containing an infant comprising a) providing an containment device comprising i) first and second individually moveable outer arms connected through a middle piece, ii) first and second individually moveable inner arms connected to said middle piece at first and second junctions, said first and second junctions separated by a space equal to at least half the width of said first or second inner arms, wherein said inner and outer arms comprise compressible material covered in fabric; b) placing said containment device on top of an infant, such that said infant's feet are positioned in said space between said first and second junctions, said infant's torso contacts at least one of said inner arms and the top of said infant's head makes contact with said device; and c) moving said outer arms so as to create a boundary around at least a portion of said infant. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein said infant has an IV line comprising tubing and said inner arms and outer arms are positioned so as to avoid and make no contact with said IV line. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising d) introducing an IV line into said infant after step c). 34. (canceled) | Infant support devices and containment devices are described for use with premature and small-for-age infants, and in particular premature babies two kilograms or less, and even babies of one kilograms or less. The devices can be used separately or in combination (whereupon both support and containment are achieved together).1-26. (canceled) 27. An infant containment device comprising i) first and second individually moveable outer arms connected through a middle piece, ii) first and second individually moveable inner arms connected to said middle piece at first and second junctions, said first and second junctions separated by a space equal to at least half the width of said first or second inner arms, wherein said inner and outer arms comprise compressible material covered in fabric. 28. The device of claim 27, wherein said compressible materials comprise compressible beads. 29. The device of claim 28, wherein said beads comprise elastomeric polymer. 30. The device of claim 28, wherein said beads comprise thermoplastic elastomeric polymer. 31. A method of containing an infant comprising a) providing an containment device comprising i) first and second individually moveable outer arms connected through a middle piece, ii) first and second individually moveable inner arms connected to said middle piece at first and second junctions, said first and second junctions separated by a space equal to at least half the width of said first or second inner arms, wherein said inner and outer arms comprise compressible material covered in fabric; b) placing said containment device on top of an infant, such that said infant's feet are positioned in said space between said first and second junctions, said infant's torso contacts at least one of said inner arms and the top of said infant's head makes contact with said device; and c) moving said outer arms so as to create a boundary around at least a portion of said infant. 32. The method of claim 31, wherein said infant has an IV line comprising tubing and said inner arms and outer arms are positioned so as to avoid and make no contact with said IV line. 33. The method of claim 32, further comprising d) introducing an IV line into said infant after step c). 34. (canceled) | 3,600 |
349,772 | 350,646 | 16,854,424 | 3,673 | A power amplifier circuit includes a first amplifier including two amplifiers connected in series with a matching circuit interposed therebetween, a first power supply circuit that supplies a first power supply voltage to a former amplifier of the first amplifier, and a second power supply circuit that supplies a second power supply voltage to a latter amplifier of the first amplifier. | 1. A power amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier unit comprising:
a former amplifier;
a latter amplifier; and
a matching circuit, the matching circuit being connected in series between the former and latter amplifiers;
a first power supply circuit configured to supply a first power supply voltage to the former amplifier; and a second power supply circuit configured to supply a second power supply voltage to the latter amplifier. 2. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is configured to operate in a first mode when an output power of the first amplifier unit is greater than or equal to a first output power, and when the first amplifier unit operates in the first mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with an envelope tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme. 3. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is further configured to operate in a second mode when the output power is greater than or equal to a second output power and less than the first output power, the second output power being less than the first output power, when the first amplifier unit operates in the second mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with an average power tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme. 4. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 3, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is further configured to operate in a third mode when the output power is less than a third output power, the third output power being less than the second output power, when the first amplifier unit operates in the third mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with the average power tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the average power tracking scheme. 5. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein:
the first power supply circuit is configured to generate the first power supply voltage based on a first envelope signal when outputting the first power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme, the second power supply circuit is configured to generate the second power supply voltage based on a second envelope signal when outputting the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme, and a phase of the second envelope signal is delayed from a phase of the first envelope signal by a signal propagation delay of a signal supplied to the latter amplifier with respect to an input signal supplied to the first amplifier. 6. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the matching circuit comprises a band-pass filter having a passband, the first amplifier unit being configured to amplify signals having frequencies in the passband. 7. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the former amplifier comprises two power amplifiers and a matching circuit connected in series between the two amplifiers. 8. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the latter amplifier comprises two power amplifiers and a matching circuit connected in series between the two amplifiers. 9. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, comprising:
two first amplifier units, wherein only one of the two first amplifier units is configured to operate at a time. 10. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second amplifier unit comprising at least one power amplifier. 11. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 10, comprising:
two second amplifier units, wherein the first power supply voltage is supplied to a first of the second amplifier units, and the second power supply voltage is supplied to a second of the second amplifier units. 12. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 11, wherein:
the two second amplifier units are configured to simultaneously operate when operation of the first amplifier unit is stopped. 13. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 10, comprising:
a plurality of second amplifier units to which the first power supply voltage is supplied, and a plurality of second amplifier units to which the second power supply voltage is supplied. 14. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 13, wherein when operation of the first amplifier is stopped:
one of the second amplifier units to which the first power supply voltage is supplied, and one of the second amplifier units to which the second power supply voltage is supplied, are configured to simultaneously operate, and the remaining second amplifier units are configured to stop operation. | A power amplifier circuit includes a first amplifier including two amplifiers connected in series with a matching circuit interposed therebetween, a first power supply circuit that supplies a first power supply voltage to a former amplifier of the first amplifier, and a second power supply circuit that supplies a second power supply voltage to a latter amplifier of the first amplifier.1. A power amplifier circuit comprising:
a first amplifier unit comprising:
a former amplifier;
a latter amplifier; and
a matching circuit, the matching circuit being connected in series between the former and latter amplifiers;
a first power supply circuit configured to supply a first power supply voltage to the former amplifier; and a second power supply circuit configured to supply a second power supply voltage to the latter amplifier. 2. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is configured to operate in a first mode when an output power of the first amplifier unit is greater than or equal to a first output power, and when the first amplifier unit operates in the first mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with an envelope tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme. 3. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is further configured to operate in a second mode when the output power is greater than or equal to a second output power and less than the first output power, the second output power being less than the first output power, when the first amplifier unit operates in the second mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with an average power tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme. 4. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 3, wherein:
the first amplifier unit is further configured to operate in a third mode when the output power is less than a third output power, the third output power being less than the second output power, when the first amplifier unit operates in the third mode:
the first power supply circuit is configured to output the first power supply voltage in accordance with the average power tracking scheme, and
the second power supply circuit is configured to output the second power supply voltage in accordance with the average power tracking scheme. 5. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 2, wherein:
the first power supply circuit is configured to generate the first power supply voltage based on a first envelope signal when outputting the first power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme, the second power supply circuit is configured to generate the second power supply voltage based on a second envelope signal when outputting the second power supply voltage in accordance with the envelope tracking scheme, and a phase of the second envelope signal is delayed from a phase of the first envelope signal by a signal propagation delay of a signal supplied to the latter amplifier with respect to an input signal supplied to the first amplifier. 6. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the matching circuit comprises a band-pass filter having a passband, the first amplifier unit being configured to amplify signals having frequencies in the passband. 7. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the former amplifier comprises two power amplifiers and a matching circuit connected in series between the two amplifiers. 8. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, wherein:
the latter amplifier comprises two power amplifiers and a matching circuit connected in series between the two amplifiers. 9. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, comprising:
two first amplifier units, wherein only one of the two first amplifier units is configured to operate at a time. 10. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 1, further comprising:
a second amplifier unit comprising at least one power amplifier. 11. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 10, comprising:
two second amplifier units, wherein the first power supply voltage is supplied to a first of the second amplifier units, and the second power supply voltage is supplied to a second of the second amplifier units. 12. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 11, wherein:
the two second amplifier units are configured to simultaneously operate when operation of the first amplifier unit is stopped. 13. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 10, comprising:
a plurality of second amplifier units to which the first power supply voltage is supplied, and a plurality of second amplifier units to which the second power supply voltage is supplied. 14. The power amplifier circuit according to claim 13, wherein when operation of the first amplifier is stopped:
one of the second amplifier units to which the first power supply voltage is supplied, and one of the second amplifier units to which the second power supply voltage is supplied, are configured to simultaneously operate, and the remaining second amplifier units are configured to stop operation. | 3,600 |
349,773 | 350,647 | 16,854,455 | 1,794 | An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, at least one bipolar electrode plate, a first ion-exchange membrane plate, a second ion-exchange membrane plate, a plurality of hydrogen chambers and a plurality of oxygen chambers. Wherein, a hydrogen outlet channel, an oxygen outlet channel and a water inlet channel are formed in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell. The hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to each of the plurality of hydrogen chambers, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to each of the plurality of oxygen chambers to provide the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell capable of diverting gas and liquid after electrolyzing water. | 1. An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode plate; a cathode plate; at least one bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a first ion-exchange membrane plate disposed between the anode plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate; a second ion-exchange membrane plate disposed between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the cathode plate; a plurality of oxygen chambers formed between the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate and between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate; and a plurality of hydrogen chambers formed between the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate and between the second ion-exchange membrane plate and the cathode plate; 2. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the oxygen chambers comprise a first oxygen chamber adjacent to the anode plate, one surface of the anode plate has a convex periphery and a recessed center, a space is formed in the recessed center, and the first oxygen chamber comprises the space; the convex periphery has a plurality of holes corresponding to a portion of the hydrogen outlet channel, a portion of the oxygen outlet channel and a portion of the water inlet channel when the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate are stacked, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the recessed center. 3. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the hydrogen chambers comprise a first hydrogen chamber adjacent to the cathode plate, one surface of the cathode plate has a convex periphery and a recessed center, a space is formed in the recessed center, the first hydrogen chamber comprises the space, and the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the recessed center. 4. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the at least one bipolar electrode plate has a cathode surface and an anode surface, each of the cathode surface and the anode surface has a convex periphery and a recessed center, the hydrogen chambers comprise a second hydrogen chamber adjacent to the cathode surface of the at least one bipolar electrode plate, a first space is formed in the recessed center, and the second hydrogen chamber comprises the first space; the oxygen chambers include a second oxygen chamber adjacent to the anode surface of the at least one bipolar electrode plate, a second space is formed in the recessed center, and the second oxygen chamber comprises the second space; the convex peripheries of the cathode surface and the anode surface have a plurality of holes corresponding to a portion of the hydrogen outlet channel, a portion of the oxygen outlet channel and a portion of the water inlet channel when being stacked, the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the recessed center of the cathode surface, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the recessed center of the anode surface. 5. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising a plurality of silicon sealing gaskets, which are respectively disposed between the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate, between the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate, between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate, and between the second ion-exchange membrane plate and the cathode plate, wherein each of the silicon sealing gaskets is a hollow annular structure formed by a hollow section and an annular section, and the hydrogen outlet channel, the oxygen outlet channel, and the water inlet channel pass through the annular section of each of the silicon sealing gaskets. 6. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 5, further comprising a plurality of diffuser plates respectively disposed in the hollow section of each of the silicon sealing gaskets, and respectively attached to the adjacent first ion-exchange membrane plate or the adjacent second ion-exchange membrane plate. 7. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 6, wherein at least one of a surface of the anode plate, a surface of the cathode plate and two surfaces of the at least one bipolar electrode plate has a recessed center, and the recess center has a plurality of bumps and a plurality of grooves formed between the bumps, the bumps are configured to abut the corresponding diffuser plate, when the anode plate, the cathode plate, the at least one bipolar electrode plate, the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate are stacked, the bumps make the corresponding diffuser plate abuts the corresponding first ion-exchange membrane plate or the corresponding second ion-exchange membrane plate; the grooves are respectively coupled to at least one of the hydrogen outlet channel, the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel. 8. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 6, wherein the diffuser plates have a plurality of pores, so that water, hydrogen, and oxygen flow through the pores. 9. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 5, further comprising a plurality of separators, which are respectively disposed at the junctions of each of the hydrogen chambers to the hydrogen outlet channel and the junctions of the oxygen chambers to the oxygen outlet channel and to the water inlet channel, and the separators respectively abut against the corresponding silicon sealing gaskets to form a plurality of ports, and the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the hydrogen chambers through a portion of the ports, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the oxygen chambers through another portion of the ports. 10. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising at least one electrical insulation thermal board disposed above at least one position of a side of the anode plate opposite to the other side facing the cathode plate and a side of the cathode plate opposite to the other side facing the anode plate, wherein the at least one electrical insulation thermal board is configured to isolate the current of the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell from the external environment, and conduct the thermal energy in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell to the external environment. 11. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising at least one radiating plate disposed above at least one position of a side of the anode plate opposite to the other side facing the cathode plate and a side of the cathode plate opposite to the other side facing the anode plate, wherein the at least one radiating plate is configured to dissipate the thermal energy in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell to the external environment. 12. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising a plurality of lock channels and a plurality of lock components, wherein the lock channels pass through the anode plate, the cathode plate, the at least one bipolar electrode plate, the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate for fitting the lock components. 13. An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode plate; a cathode plate; a first bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a first ion-exchange membrane plate being able to be accommodated between the anode plate and the first bipolar electrode plate; a second ion-exchange membrane plate being able to be accommodated between the cathode plate and the first bipolar electrode plate; a first oxygen chamber being adjacent to the anode plate; a first hydrogen chamber being adjacent to the cathode plate; a second oxygen chamber being adjacent to an anode surface of the first bipolar electrode plate; and a second hydrogen chamber being adjacent to a cathode surface of the first bipolar electrode plate; 14. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 13, wherein the first oxygen chamber is not fluidly coupled to the first hydrogen chamber and the second hydrogen chamber, and the second oxygen chamber is not fluidly coupled to the first hydrogen chamber and the second hydrogen chamber. 15. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 13, wherein the oxygen outlet channel extends at least from the anode plate to the cathode plate, and the hydrogen outlet channel extends at least from the anode plate to the cathode plate. 16. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 15, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively comprising:
a first recessed center; a plurality of first bumps disposed in the first recessed center; and a plurality of first grooves disposed between the first bumps; 17. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 16, wherein the anode surface and the cathode surface of the first bipolar electron plate respectively comprising:
a second recessed center; a plurality of second bumps disposed in the second recessed center; and a plurality of second grooves disposed between the second bumps; 18. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 15, further comprising an oxygen conduit and a hydrogen conduit, wherein the oxygen outlet channel passes through the cathode plate or the anode plate and is coupled to the oxygen conduit, and the hydrogen outlet channel passes through the cathode plate or the anode plate and is coupled to the hydrogen conduit. 19. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 18, further comprising:
a second bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a third oxygen chamber being adjacent to an anode surface of the second bipolar electrode plate; and a third hydrogen chamber being adjacent to a cathode surface of the second bipolar electrode plate; | An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell comprises an anode plate, a cathode plate, at least one bipolar electrode plate, a first ion-exchange membrane plate, a second ion-exchange membrane plate, a plurality of hydrogen chambers and a plurality of oxygen chambers. Wherein, a hydrogen outlet channel, an oxygen outlet channel and a water inlet channel are formed in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell. The hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to each of the plurality of hydrogen chambers, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to each of the plurality of oxygen chambers to provide the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell capable of diverting gas and liquid after electrolyzing water.1. An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode plate; a cathode plate; at least one bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a first ion-exchange membrane plate disposed between the anode plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate; a second ion-exchange membrane plate disposed between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the cathode plate; a plurality of oxygen chambers formed between the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate and between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate; and a plurality of hydrogen chambers formed between the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate and between the second ion-exchange membrane plate and the cathode plate; 2. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the oxygen chambers comprise a first oxygen chamber adjacent to the anode plate, one surface of the anode plate has a convex periphery and a recessed center, a space is formed in the recessed center, and the first oxygen chamber comprises the space; the convex periphery has a plurality of holes corresponding to a portion of the hydrogen outlet channel, a portion of the oxygen outlet channel and a portion of the water inlet channel when the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate are stacked, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the recessed center. 3. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the hydrogen chambers comprise a first hydrogen chamber adjacent to the cathode plate, one surface of the cathode plate has a convex periphery and a recessed center, a space is formed in the recessed center, the first hydrogen chamber comprises the space, and the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the recessed center. 4. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, wherein the at least one bipolar electrode plate has a cathode surface and an anode surface, each of the cathode surface and the anode surface has a convex periphery and a recessed center, the hydrogen chambers comprise a second hydrogen chamber adjacent to the cathode surface of the at least one bipolar electrode plate, a first space is formed in the recessed center, and the second hydrogen chamber comprises the first space; the oxygen chambers include a second oxygen chamber adjacent to the anode surface of the at least one bipolar electrode plate, a second space is formed in the recessed center, and the second oxygen chamber comprises the second space; the convex peripheries of the cathode surface and the anode surface have a plurality of holes corresponding to a portion of the hydrogen outlet channel, a portion of the oxygen outlet channel and a portion of the water inlet channel when being stacked, the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the recessed center of the cathode surface, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the recessed center of the anode surface. 5. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising a plurality of silicon sealing gaskets, which are respectively disposed between the anode plate and the first ion-exchange membrane plate, between the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the at least one bipolar electrode plate, between the at least one bipolar electrode plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate, and between the second ion-exchange membrane plate and the cathode plate, wherein each of the silicon sealing gaskets is a hollow annular structure formed by a hollow section and an annular section, and the hydrogen outlet channel, the oxygen outlet channel, and the water inlet channel pass through the annular section of each of the silicon sealing gaskets. 6. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 5, further comprising a plurality of diffuser plates respectively disposed in the hollow section of each of the silicon sealing gaskets, and respectively attached to the adjacent first ion-exchange membrane plate or the adjacent second ion-exchange membrane plate. 7. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 6, wherein at least one of a surface of the anode plate, a surface of the cathode plate and two surfaces of the at least one bipolar electrode plate has a recessed center, and the recess center has a plurality of bumps and a plurality of grooves formed between the bumps, the bumps are configured to abut the corresponding diffuser plate, when the anode plate, the cathode plate, the at least one bipolar electrode plate, the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate are stacked, the bumps make the corresponding diffuser plate abuts the corresponding first ion-exchange membrane plate or the corresponding second ion-exchange membrane plate; the grooves are respectively coupled to at least one of the hydrogen outlet channel, the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel. 8. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 6, wherein the diffuser plates have a plurality of pores, so that water, hydrogen, and oxygen flow through the pores. 9. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 5, further comprising a plurality of separators, which are respectively disposed at the junctions of each of the hydrogen chambers to the hydrogen outlet channel and the junctions of the oxygen chambers to the oxygen outlet channel and to the water inlet channel, and the separators respectively abut against the corresponding silicon sealing gaskets to form a plurality of ports, and the hydrogen outlet channel is coupled to the hydrogen chambers through a portion of the ports, and the oxygen outlet channel and the water inlet channel are coupled to the oxygen chambers through another portion of the ports. 10. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising at least one electrical insulation thermal board disposed above at least one position of a side of the anode plate opposite to the other side facing the cathode plate and a side of the cathode plate opposite to the other side facing the anode plate, wherein the at least one electrical insulation thermal board is configured to isolate the current of the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell from the external environment, and conduct the thermal energy in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell to the external environment. 11. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising at least one radiating plate disposed above at least one position of a side of the anode plate opposite to the other side facing the cathode plate and a side of the cathode plate opposite to the other side facing the anode plate, wherein the at least one radiating plate is configured to dissipate the thermal energy in the expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell to the external environment. 12. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 1, further comprising a plurality of lock channels and a plurality of lock components, wherein the lock channels pass through the anode plate, the cathode plate, the at least one bipolar electrode plate, the first ion-exchange membrane plate and the second ion-exchange membrane plate for fitting the lock components. 13. An expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell, comprising:
an anode plate; a cathode plate; a first bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a first ion-exchange membrane plate being able to be accommodated between the anode plate and the first bipolar electrode plate; a second ion-exchange membrane plate being able to be accommodated between the cathode plate and the first bipolar electrode plate; a first oxygen chamber being adjacent to the anode plate; a first hydrogen chamber being adjacent to the cathode plate; a second oxygen chamber being adjacent to an anode surface of the first bipolar electrode plate; and a second hydrogen chamber being adjacent to a cathode surface of the first bipolar electrode plate; 14. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 13, wherein the first oxygen chamber is not fluidly coupled to the first hydrogen chamber and the second hydrogen chamber, and the second oxygen chamber is not fluidly coupled to the first hydrogen chamber and the second hydrogen chamber. 15. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 13, wherein the oxygen outlet channel extends at least from the anode plate to the cathode plate, and the hydrogen outlet channel extends at least from the anode plate to the cathode plate. 16. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 15, wherein the anode plate and the cathode plate respectively comprising:
a first recessed center; a plurality of first bumps disposed in the first recessed center; and a plurality of first grooves disposed between the first bumps; 17. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 16, wherein the anode surface and the cathode surface of the first bipolar electron plate respectively comprising:
a second recessed center; a plurality of second bumps disposed in the second recessed center; and a plurality of second grooves disposed between the second bumps; 18. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 15, further comprising an oxygen conduit and a hydrogen conduit, wherein the oxygen outlet channel passes through the cathode plate or the anode plate and is coupled to the oxygen conduit, and the hydrogen outlet channel passes through the cathode plate or the anode plate and is coupled to the hydrogen conduit. 19. The expanded ion-exchange membrane electrolysis cell of the claim 18, further comprising:
a second bipolar electrode plate disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate; a third oxygen chamber being adjacent to an anode surface of the second bipolar electrode plate; and a third hydrogen chamber being adjacent to a cathode surface of the second bipolar electrode plate; | 1,700 |
349,774 | 350,648 | 16,854,452 | 1,794 | A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a first semiconductor chip on the substrate, a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip so that the first semiconductor chip is vertically between the second semiconductor chip and the substrate, a first molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the first semiconductor chip on the substrate, the first molding layer formed of a first molding material, and a second molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the second semiconductor chip on the substrate so that the first molding layer is vertically between the second molding layer and the substrate. The second molding layer is formed of a second molding material different from the first molding material. A top surface of the first semiconductor chip and a top surface of the first molding layer are flat and are coplanar with each other, and a ratio of the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the first molding layer to the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the substrate is between 5:1 and 20:1. | 1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a substrate; a first semiconductor chip on the substrate; a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip so that the first semiconductor chip is vertically between the second semiconductor chip and the substrate; a first molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the first semiconductor chip on the substrate, the first molding layer formed of a first molding material; and a second molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the second semiconductor chip on the substrate so that the first molding layer is vertically between the second molding layer and the substrate, the second molding layer formed of a second molding material different from the first molding material, wherein a top surface of the first semiconductor chip and a top surface of the first molding layer are flat and are coplanar with each other, and wherein a ratio of the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the first molding layer to the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the substrate is between 5:1 and 20:1. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first molding layer is adjacent to the substrate and is adjacent to opposite sidewalls of the first semiconductor chip, and
wherein the second molding layer is adjacent to the first molding layer and is adjacent to opposite sidewalls of the second semiconductor chip. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first molding material is polyimide, and the second molding material is an epoxy molding compound with higher hardness than polyimide. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the second molding layer covers a top surface of the second semiconductor chip. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad provided at one surface of the first semiconductor chip; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip so as to be connected to the first chip pad, and
wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second chip pad provided at one surface of the second semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the second semiconductor chip so as to be connected to the second chip pad. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the first through-electrode and the second chip pad constitute a single body formed of the same material at an interface of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip. 7. (canceled) 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first redistribution layer disposed at one surface of the first semiconductor chip, which faces the substrate,
wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second redistribution layer disposed at one surface of the second semiconductor chip, which faces the first semiconductor chip, and wherein the second redistribution layer contacts one surface of a first through-electrode, which is exposed at another surface of the first semiconductor chip opposite to the first redistribution layer. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises: a substrate pad disposed at a top surface of the substrate,
wherein the substrate pad contacts the first redistribution layer; and the substrate pad and a first chip pad of the first redistribution layer are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a third semiconductor chip mounted on the substrate at the same vertical level as the first semiconductor chip and horizontally spaced apart from the first semiconductor chip. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein the third semiconductor chip is a logic chip, and
wherein the first and second semiconductor chips are memory chips. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 10, further comprising:
a fourth semiconductor chip on the third semiconductor chip, wherein the first molding layer is disposed on the substrate horizontally between the first semiconductor chip and the third semiconductor chip, and wherein the second molding layer is adjacent to the first molding layer. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 12, wherein a contact surface where the first and second semiconductor chips meet, a contact surface where the third and fourth semiconductor chips meet, and a contact surface where the first and second molding layers meet are flat and are coplanar with respect to each other. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A semiconductor package comprising:
a first semiconductor chip; second semiconductor chips stacked on the first semiconductor chip; and molding layers adjacent to the second semiconductor chips on the first semiconductor chip, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad disposed at a surface of the first semiconductor chip; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip, wherein each of the second semiconductor chips comprises: a second chip pad disposed at a surface of the respective second semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the respective second semiconductor chip and connected to a respective second chip pad, wherein each of the molding layers surrounds sidewalls of a corresponding one of the second semiconductor chips, and wherein an interface between two adjacent molding layers and an interface between two adjacent respective second semiconductor chips are flat and are coplanar with each other. 17. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein an uppermost one of the molding layers covers sidewalls and a top surface of an uppermost one of the second semiconductor chips. 18. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein the second through-electrode of one of the second semiconductor chips is directly adjacent to the second chip pad of the second semiconductor chip disposed directly thereon. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the second through-electrode and the second chip pad, which are directly adjacent to each other, are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein the first through-electrode of the first semiconductor chip and the second chip pad of a lowermost one of the second semiconductor chips constitute a continuous component without an interface therebetween. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The semiconductor package of claim 16, further comprising:
a third semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip, wherein the third semiconductor chip comprises: a third chip pad disposed at a surface of the third semiconductor chip, which faces the first semiconductor chip; and a third through-electrode vertically penetrating the third semiconductor chip and connected to the third chip pad, wherein the first through-electrode of the first semiconductor chip and the third chip pad of the third semiconductor chip are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 24. (canceled) 25. A semiconductor package comprising:
a package substrate; an interposer substrate on the package substrate; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the interposer substrate; a second semiconductor chip mounted on the first semiconductor chip; a first molding layer surrounding the first semiconductor chip on the interposer substrate; and a second molding layer surrounding the second semiconductor chip on the first molding layer and having a hardness higher than a hardness of the first molding layer, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad disposed at a surface facing the interposer substrate; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip, wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second chip pad disposed at a surface facing the first semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the second semiconductor chip, wherein the second chip pad and the first through-electrode are formed of the same material and constitute a single body, and wherein an interface of the first and second molding layers and an interface of the first and second semiconductor chips are flat and are coplanar with each other. 26. The semiconductor package of claim 25, wherein the interposer substrate comprises: a substrate pad disposed at a top surface of the interposer substrate, and
wherein the substrate pad and the first chip pad are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 27-35. (canceled) | A semiconductor package includes a substrate, a first semiconductor chip on the substrate, a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip so that the first semiconductor chip is vertically between the second semiconductor chip and the substrate, a first molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the first semiconductor chip on the substrate, the first molding layer formed of a first molding material, and a second molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the second semiconductor chip on the substrate so that the first molding layer is vertically between the second molding layer and the substrate. The second molding layer is formed of a second molding material different from the first molding material. A top surface of the first semiconductor chip and a top surface of the first molding layer are flat and are coplanar with each other, and a ratio of the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the first molding layer to the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the substrate is between 5:1 and 20:1.1. A semiconductor package comprising:
a substrate; a first semiconductor chip on the substrate; a second semiconductor chip on the first semiconductor chip so that the first semiconductor chip is vertically between the second semiconductor chip and the substrate; a first molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the first semiconductor chip on the substrate, the first molding layer formed of a first molding material; and a second molding layer adjacent to a sidewall of the second semiconductor chip on the substrate so that the first molding layer is vertically between the second molding layer and the substrate, the second molding layer formed of a second molding material different from the first molding material, wherein a top surface of the first semiconductor chip and a top surface of the first molding layer are flat and are coplanar with each other, and wherein a ratio of the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the first molding layer to the difference between the coefficient of thermal expansion between the second molding layer and the substrate is between 5:1 and 20:1. 2. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first molding layer is adjacent to the substrate and is adjacent to opposite sidewalls of the first semiconductor chip, and
wherein the second molding layer is adjacent to the first molding layer and is adjacent to opposite sidewalls of the second semiconductor chip. 3. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first molding material is polyimide, and the second molding material is an epoxy molding compound with higher hardness than polyimide. 4. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the second molding layer covers a top surface of the second semiconductor chip. 5. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad provided at one surface of the first semiconductor chip; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip so as to be connected to the first chip pad, and
wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second chip pad provided at one surface of the second semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the second semiconductor chip so as to be connected to the second chip pad. 6. The semiconductor package of claim 5, wherein the first through-electrode and the second chip pad constitute a single body formed of the same material at an interface of the first semiconductor chip and the second semiconductor chip. 7. (canceled) 8. The semiconductor package of claim 1, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first redistribution layer disposed at one surface of the first semiconductor chip, which faces the substrate,
wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second redistribution layer disposed at one surface of the second semiconductor chip, which faces the first semiconductor chip, and wherein the second redistribution layer contacts one surface of a first through-electrode, which is exposed at another surface of the first semiconductor chip opposite to the first redistribution layer. 9. The semiconductor package of claim 8, wherein the substrate comprises: a substrate pad disposed at a top surface of the substrate,
wherein the substrate pad contacts the first redistribution layer; and the substrate pad and a first chip pad of the first redistribution layer are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 10. The semiconductor package of claim 1, further comprising:
a third semiconductor chip mounted on the substrate at the same vertical level as the first semiconductor chip and horizontally spaced apart from the first semiconductor chip. 11. The semiconductor package of claim 10, wherein the third semiconductor chip is a logic chip, and
wherein the first and second semiconductor chips are memory chips. 12. The semiconductor package of claim 10, further comprising:
a fourth semiconductor chip on the third semiconductor chip, wherein the first molding layer is disposed on the substrate horizontally between the first semiconductor chip and the third semiconductor chip, and wherein the second molding layer is adjacent to the first molding layer. 13. The semiconductor package of claim 12, wherein a contact surface where the first and second semiconductor chips meet, a contact surface where the third and fourth semiconductor chips meet, and a contact surface where the first and second molding layers meet are flat and are coplanar with respect to each other. 14-15. (canceled) 16. A semiconductor package comprising:
a first semiconductor chip; second semiconductor chips stacked on the first semiconductor chip; and molding layers adjacent to the second semiconductor chips on the first semiconductor chip, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad disposed at a surface of the first semiconductor chip; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip, wherein each of the second semiconductor chips comprises: a second chip pad disposed at a surface of the respective second semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the respective second semiconductor chip and connected to a respective second chip pad, wherein each of the molding layers surrounds sidewalls of a corresponding one of the second semiconductor chips, and wherein an interface between two adjacent molding layers and an interface between two adjacent respective second semiconductor chips are flat and are coplanar with each other. 17. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein an uppermost one of the molding layers covers sidewalls and a top surface of an uppermost one of the second semiconductor chips. 18. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein the second through-electrode of one of the second semiconductor chips is directly adjacent to the second chip pad of the second semiconductor chip disposed directly thereon. 19. The semiconductor package of claim 18, wherein the second through-electrode and the second chip pad, which are directly adjacent to each other, are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 20. The semiconductor package of claim 16, wherein the first through-electrode of the first semiconductor chip and the second chip pad of a lowermost one of the second semiconductor chips constitute a continuous component without an interface therebetween. 21-22. (canceled) 23. The semiconductor package of claim 16, further comprising:
a third semiconductor chip stacked on the first semiconductor chip, wherein the third semiconductor chip comprises: a third chip pad disposed at a surface of the third semiconductor chip, which faces the first semiconductor chip; and a third through-electrode vertically penetrating the third semiconductor chip and connected to the third chip pad, wherein the first through-electrode of the first semiconductor chip and the third chip pad of the third semiconductor chip are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 24. (canceled) 25. A semiconductor package comprising:
a package substrate; an interposer substrate on the package substrate; a first semiconductor chip mounted on the interposer substrate; a second semiconductor chip mounted on the first semiconductor chip; a first molding layer surrounding the first semiconductor chip on the interposer substrate; and a second molding layer surrounding the second semiconductor chip on the first molding layer and having a hardness higher than a hardness of the first molding layer, wherein the first semiconductor chip comprises: a first chip pad disposed at a surface facing the interposer substrate; and a first through-electrode vertically penetrating the first semiconductor chip, wherein the second semiconductor chip comprises: a second chip pad disposed at a surface facing the first semiconductor chip; and a second through-electrode vertically penetrating the second semiconductor chip, wherein the second chip pad and the first through-electrode are formed of the same material and constitute a single body, and wherein an interface of the first and second molding layers and an interface of the first and second semiconductor chips are flat and are coplanar with each other. 26. The semiconductor package of claim 25, wherein the interposer substrate comprises: a substrate pad disposed at a top surface of the interposer substrate, and
wherein the substrate pad and the first chip pad are formed of the same material and constitute a single body. 27-35. (canceled) | 1,700 |
349,775 | 350,649 | 16,854,428 | 1,794 | Provided is an analysis method for a fine structure, that is capable of determining shapes of scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction of a plate-shaped sample; and provided are an apparatus and a program thereof. There is provided an analysis method for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising the steps of preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of co rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under a specific condition; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. | 1. An analysis method for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising the steps of:
preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. 2. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the calculated scattering intensity of the X-rays is calculated by assuming a shape model in which the scattering bodies specified by parameters are periodically arranged in a direction parallel to a surface of the plate-shaped sample. 3. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the calculated scattering intensity of the X-rays is calculated under a condition that the scattering bodies are formed by laminating layers having respective shapes in the thickness direction of the plate-shaped sample. 4. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein each layer of the scattering bodies is specified by a center position and a size of a cross-sectional shape. 5. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein the plate-shaped sample is formed from a multilayer film. 6. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein the fitting is performed under a constraint condition that adjacent layers among the layers are seamlessly connected with each other. 7. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the plate-shaped sample is formed of silicon, and the scattering bodies each have a length of 200 nm or more and 20 μm or less. 8. An analysis apparatus for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising:
a measurement data storage section that stores data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; an intensity calculation section that calculates a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; a fitting section that fits the calculated scattering intensity to the stored scattering intensity; and a parameter determination section that determines shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. 9. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon an analysis program for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, the program causing a computer to execute the processes of:
preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. | Provided is an analysis method for a fine structure, that is capable of determining shapes of scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction of a plate-shaped sample; and provided are an apparatus and a program thereof. There is provided an analysis method for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising the steps of preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of co rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under a specific condition; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting.1. An analysis method for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising the steps of:
preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. 2. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the calculated scattering intensity of the X-rays is calculated by assuming a shape model in which the scattering bodies specified by parameters are periodically arranged in a direction parallel to a surface of the plate-shaped sample. 3. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the calculated scattering intensity of the X-rays is calculated under a condition that the scattering bodies are formed by laminating layers having respective shapes in the thickness direction of the plate-shaped sample. 4. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein each layer of the scattering bodies is specified by a center position and a size of a cross-sectional shape. 5. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein the plate-shaped sample is formed from a multilayer film. 6. The analysis method according to claim 3,
wherein the fitting is performed under a constraint condition that adjacent layers among the layers are seamlessly connected with each other. 7. The analysis method according to claim 1,
wherein the plate-shaped sample is formed of silicon, and the scattering bodies each have a length of 200 nm or more and 20 μm or less. 8. An analysis apparatus for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, comprising:
a measurement data storage section that stores data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; an intensity calculation section that calculates a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; a fitting section that fits the calculated scattering intensity to the stored scattering intensity; and a parameter determination section that determines shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. 9. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium having recorded thereon an analysis program for a fine structure of a plate-shaped sample formed to have scattering bodies that are long in a thickness direction and periodically arranged, the program causing a computer to execute the processes of:
preparing data of a scattering intensity from the plate-shaped sample measured via transmission of X-rays at a plurality of ω rotation angles; calculating a scattering intensity of the X-rays scattered by the plate-shaped sample under specific conditions; fitting the calculated scattering intensity to the prepared scattering intensity; and determining shapes of the scattering bodies for the plate-shaped sample, based on a result of the fitting. | 1,700 |
349,776 | 350,650 | 16,854,419 | 1,794 | A display device includes a display device body. The display device body includes a first lens barrel and a second lens barrel. A first lens is disposed at a first end of the first lens barrel, and a second lens is disposed at a first end of the second lens barrel. A first distance sensor and a second distance sensor are further disposed on the display device body. The second distance sensor is configured to measure a distance between a right eyeball and the second lens. Two distance sensors are disposed on the display device body. | 1. A display device, comprising:
a display device body, comprising:
a first lens barrel, comprising:
a first end; and
a first lens coupled to the first end; and
a second lens barrel, comprising:
a second end; and
a second lens coupled to the second end;
a longitudinal central axis comprising:
a first side; and
a second side;
a first distance sensor symmetrically disposed on the first side and configured to measure a first distance between a left eyeball and the first lens; and
a second distance sensor symmetrically disposed on the second side and configured to measure a second distance between a right eyeball and the second lens. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first edge region, wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second edge region, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed in the first edge region, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed in the second edge region. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display device body further comprises a traverse central axis, wherein the first edge region comprises a first intersecting point along the traverse central axis that is close to the longitudinal central axis and a second intersecting point along the traverse central axis, wherein the second edge region comprises a third intersecting point along the traverse central axis that is close to the longitudinal axis and a fourth intersecting point along the traverse central axis, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed at the first intersecting point, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed at the third intersecting point. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first light-emitting diode (LED) disposed in the first edge region, and wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second LED disposed in the second edge region. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display device body further comprises:
a first vertical line that is a straight line parallel to the longitudinal central axis and is through a lens center of the first lens; and a second vertical line that is a straight line parallel to the longitudinal central axis and is through a lens center of the second lens, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed on the first vertical line, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed on the second vertical line. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first edge region, wherein the first edge region comprises a first outer side, wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second edge region, wherein the second edge region comprises a second outer side, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed on the first outer side, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed on the second outer side. 7. A method for adjusting image presence on a display device comprising:
obtaining a first image comprising a left eyeball image of a user; obtaining a second image comprising a right eyeball image of the user; obtaining a first distance between a first lens and the left eyeball of the user, wherein the first lens is closer to the left eyeball of the user than a second lens; obtaining a second distance between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user, wherein the second lens is closer to the right eyeball of the user than the first lens; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance; calculating an interpupillary distance between the left eyeball and the right eyeball based on a normalized first image and a normalized second image; and adjusting the first lens or the second lens based on the interpupillary distance of the user. 8. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
obtaining a pupil image with a preset size, wherein a preset reference distance is either between the first lens and the left eyeball of the user, or between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user; calculating a ratio of the first distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a first scaling coefficient; calculating a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a second scaling coefficient; scaling the first image using the first scaling coefficient; and scaling the second image using the second scaling coefficient. 9. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting a wear status of the display device based on the first distance and either the second distance or the second image; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the display device is worn normally. 10. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising:
calculating a difference between the first distance and the second distance; and determining that the display device is worn normally when the difference is less than a first preset difference. 11. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising determining that the display device is worn normally when point coordinates of a pupil center in the first image belong to a preset range of the first image and when the point coordinates of the pupil center in the second image belong to a preset range of the second image. 12. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising:
calculating a third distance between point coordinates of a pupil center in the first image and a reference position in the first image; calculating a fourth distance between point coordinates of a pupil center in the second image and a reference position in the second image; and determining that the display device is worn normally when a difference between the third distance and the fourth distance is less than a second preset difference. 13. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising prompting, in a preset prompt manner, the user to re-wear the display device when the display device is worn abnormally. 14. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting an eye-open status of the user based on the first distance, the second distance, the first image, and the second image; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the eye-open status is normal. 15. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 14, further comprising:
calculating a ratio of a left pupil diameter to a preset pupil diameter to obtain a first specified coefficient; calculating a ratio of a right pupil diameter to the preset pupil diameter to obtain a second specified coefficient, detecting the preset pupil diameter when the distance between the first lens and the left eyeball is a preset reference distance and the eye-open status is normal; or detecting the preset pupil diameter when the distance between the second lens and the right eyeball is the preset reference distance and the eye-open status is normal; determining the left pupil diameter based on the first image; determining the right pupil diameter based on the second image; and determining that the eye-open status is normal when both a difference between a first scaling coefficient and the first specified coefficient and a difference between a second scaling coefficient and the second specified coefficient are less than a third preset difference, wherein the first scaling coefficient is a ratio of the first distance to the preset reference distance, and wherein the second scaling coefficient is a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance. 16. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 15, wherein the preset pupil diameter is an average value of sample pupil diameters based on a plurality of first image samples from the display device or a plurality of second image samples from the display device. 17. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
obtaining a user identity of the user; and storing a correspondence between the user identity and the interpupillary distance of the user. 18. A computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions for storage on a non-transitory computer-readable medium that, when executed by a processor, cause a display device to:
obtain a first image comprising a left eyeball image of a user; obtain a second image comprising a right eyeball image of the user; obtain a first distance between a first lens and the left eyeball of the user, wherein the first lens is closest to the left eyeball of the user; obtain a second distance between a second lens and the right eyeball of the user, wherein the second lens is closest to the right eyeball of the user in all the lenses of the display device; normalize the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; normalize the second image based on the first distance and the second distance; calculate an interpupillary distance between the left eyeball and the right eyeball based on a normalized first image and a normalized second image; and adjust the first lens or the second lens based on the interpupillary distance of the user. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the display device to:
calculate a ratio of the first distance to a preset reference distance to obtain a first scaling coefficient; obtain a pupil image with a preset size, wherein the preset reference distance is either between the first lens and the left eyeball of the user, or between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user; calculate a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a second scaling coefficient; scale the first image using the first scaling coefficient; and scale the second image using the second scaling coefficient. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the display device to:
detect a wear status of the display device based on the first distance and either the second distance or the second image; and normalize the first image based on the first distance and the second distance and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the display device is worn normally. | A display device includes a display device body. The display device body includes a first lens barrel and a second lens barrel. A first lens is disposed at a first end of the first lens barrel, and a second lens is disposed at a first end of the second lens barrel. A first distance sensor and a second distance sensor are further disposed on the display device body. The second distance sensor is configured to measure a distance between a right eyeball and the second lens. Two distance sensors are disposed on the display device body.1. A display device, comprising:
a display device body, comprising:
a first lens barrel, comprising:
a first end; and
a first lens coupled to the first end; and
a second lens barrel, comprising:
a second end; and
a second lens coupled to the second end;
a longitudinal central axis comprising:
a first side; and
a second side;
a first distance sensor symmetrically disposed on the first side and configured to measure a first distance between a left eyeball and the first lens; and
a second distance sensor symmetrically disposed on the second side and configured to measure a second distance between a right eyeball and the second lens. 2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first edge region, wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second edge region, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed in the first edge region, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed in the second edge region. 3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display device body further comprises a traverse central axis, wherein the first edge region comprises a first intersecting point along the traverse central axis that is close to the longitudinal central axis and a second intersecting point along the traverse central axis, wherein the second edge region comprises a third intersecting point along the traverse central axis that is close to the longitudinal axis and a fourth intersecting point along the traverse central axis, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed at the first intersecting point, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed at the third intersecting point. 4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first light-emitting diode (LED) disposed in the first edge region, and wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second LED disposed in the second edge region. 5. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display device body further comprises:
a first vertical line that is a straight line parallel to the longitudinal central axis and is through a lens center of the first lens; and a second vertical line that is a straight line parallel to the longitudinal central axis and is through a lens center of the second lens, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed on the first vertical line, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed on the second vertical line. 6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first lens barrel further comprises a first edge region, wherein the first edge region comprises a first outer side, wherein the second lens barrel further comprises a second edge region, wherein the second edge region comprises a second outer side, wherein the first distance sensor is disposed on the first outer side, and wherein the second distance sensor is disposed on the second outer side. 7. A method for adjusting image presence on a display device comprising:
obtaining a first image comprising a left eyeball image of a user; obtaining a second image comprising a right eyeball image of the user; obtaining a first distance between a first lens and the left eyeball of the user, wherein the first lens is closer to the left eyeball of the user than a second lens; obtaining a second distance between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user, wherein the second lens is closer to the right eyeball of the user than the first lens; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance; calculating an interpupillary distance between the left eyeball and the right eyeball based on a normalized first image and a normalized second image; and adjusting the first lens or the second lens based on the interpupillary distance of the user. 8. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
obtaining a pupil image with a preset size, wherein a preset reference distance is either between the first lens and the left eyeball of the user, or between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user; calculating a ratio of the first distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a first scaling coefficient; calculating a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a second scaling coefficient; scaling the first image using the first scaling coefficient; and scaling the second image using the second scaling coefficient. 9. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting a wear status of the display device based on the first distance and either the second distance or the second image; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the display device is worn normally. 10. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising:
calculating a difference between the first distance and the second distance; and determining that the display device is worn normally when the difference is less than a first preset difference. 11. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising determining that the display device is worn normally when point coordinates of a pupil center in the first image belong to a preset range of the first image and when the point coordinates of the pupil center in the second image belong to a preset range of the second image. 12. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising:
calculating a third distance between point coordinates of a pupil center in the first image and a reference position in the first image; calculating a fourth distance between point coordinates of a pupil center in the second image and a reference position in the second image; and determining that the display device is worn normally when a difference between the third distance and the fourth distance is less than a second preset difference. 13. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 9, further comprising prompting, in a preset prompt manner, the user to re-wear the display device when the display device is worn abnormally. 14. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
detecting an eye-open status of the user based on the first distance, the second distance, the first image, and the second image; normalizing the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the eye-open status is normal. 15. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 14, further comprising:
calculating a ratio of a left pupil diameter to a preset pupil diameter to obtain a first specified coefficient; calculating a ratio of a right pupil diameter to the preset pupil diameter to obtain a second specified coefficient, detecting the preset pupil diameter when the distance between the first lens and the left eyeball is a preset reference distance and the eye-open status is normal; or detecting the preset pupil diameter when the distance between the second lens and the right eyeball is the preset reference distance and the eye-open status is normal; determining the left pupil diameter based on the first image; determining the right pupil diameter based on the second image; and determining that the eye-open status is normal when both a difference between a first scaling coefficient and the first specified coefficient and a difference between a second scaling coefficient and the second specified coefficient are less than a third preset difference, wherein the first scaling coefficient is a ratio of the first distance to the preset reference distance, and wherein the second scaling coefficient is a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance. 16. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 15, wherein the preset pupil diameter is an average value of sample pupil diameters based on a plurality of first image samples from the display device or a plurality of second image samples from the display device. 17. The method for adjusting image presence on the display device of claim 7, further comprising:
obtaining a user identity of the user; and storing a correspondence between the user identity and the interpupillary distance of the user. 18. A computer program product comprising computer-executable instructions for storage on a non-transitory computer-readable medium that, when executed by a processor, cause a display device to:
obtain a first image comprising a left eyeball image of a user; obtain a second image comprising a right eyeball image of the user; obtain a first distance between a first lens and the left eyeball of the user, wherein the first lens is closest to the left eyeball of the user; obtain a second distance between a second lens and the right eyeball of the user, wherein the second lens is closest to the right eyeball of the user in all the lenses of the display device; normalize the first image based on the first distance and the second distance; normalize the second image based on the first distance and the second distance; calculate an interpupillary distance between the left eyeball and the right eyeball based on a normalized first image and a normalized second image; and adjust the first lens or the second lens based on the interpupillary distance of the user. 19. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the display device to:
calculate a ratio of the first distance to a preset reference distance to obtain a first scaling coefficient; obtain a pupil image with a preset size, wherein the preset reference distance is either between the first lens and the left eyeball of the user, or between the second lens and the right eyeball of the user; calculate a ratio of the second distance to the preset reference distance to obtain a second scaling coefficient; scale the first image using the first scaling coefficient; and scale the second image using the second scaling coefficient. 20. The computer program product of claim 18, wherein the instructions further cause the display device to:
detect a wear status of the display device based on the first distance and either the second distance or the second image; and normalize the first image based on the first distance and the second distance and normalizing the second image based on the first distance and the second distance when the display device is worn normally. | 1,700 |
349,777 | 350,651 | 16,854,421 | 1,794 | In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a cover feed interaction history from a device associated with a user of a social-networking system. An order for a plurality of content boards may be determined based on the cover feed interaction history (e.g., viewing history, download status, the current order of content boards in the cover feed, user interaction history, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board), user information related to the user, and device information about device-based events and device status. Finally, the order for the content boards may be sent to the device. The determination of the order for the content boards may be based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events. | 1. A method, comprising:
by a computer server machine:
determining a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; and
downgrading, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cover feed interaction history comprises information regarding: which content boards the user has viewed, which content boards still have content that is waiting for completion of download, what the current order is for the content boards, how long the user viewed a particular content board, whether the user interacted with the content board, whether the user skipped back to bring up a previously-viewed content board, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device information comprises information about device-based events and device status, the information comprising: network connectivity status, power status, or a history log of recent device transactions involving social connections of the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the ranking for each of the plurality of content boards in the queue is based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more new content boards, further comprising:
retrieving content associated with the user; composing new content boards using the retrieved content; and sending the new content boards to the client device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the retrieving the content associated with the user is based on the cover feed interaction history, the device information or the user information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more updates to previously-provided content boards, further comprising:
retrieving updates to content associated with the user; composing updates to the previously-provided content boards using the retrieved updates; and sending the updates to the previously-provided content boards to the client device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an update to the rankings for one or more of the content boards in the queue from the client device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the received update to the rankings is based on one or more of which content boards have:
been completely downloaded and cached on the client device, and background images whose orientation corresponds to the current orientation of the client device, which content boards include content associated with a social connection of the user. 11. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to:
determine a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; downgrade, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 12. The media of claim 11, wherein the cover feed interaction history comprises information regarding: which content boards the user has viewed, which content boards still have content that is waiting for completion of download, what the current order is for the content boards, how long the user viewed a particular content board, whether the user interacted with the content board, whether the user skipped back to bring up a previously-viewed content board, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board. 13. The media of claim 11, wherein the device information comprises information about device-based events and device status, the information comprising: network connectivity status, power status, or a history log of recent device transactions involving social connections of the user. 14. The media of claim 11, wherein the determination of the ranking for each of the plurality of content boards in the queue is based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events. 15. The media of claim 11, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more new content boards, and wherein the software is further operable when executed to:
retrieve content associated with the user; compose new content boards using the retrieved content; and send the new content boards to the client device. 16. The media of claim 11, wherein the software is further operable when executed to:
send the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 17. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors being operable when executing the instructions to: determine a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, the user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; and downgrade, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more updates to previously-provided content boards, and wherein the processors are further operable when executing the instructions to:
retrieve updates to content associated with the user; compose updates to the previously-provided content boards using the retrieved updates; and send the updates to the previously-provided content boards to the client device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processors are further operable when executing the instructions to:
send the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising receiving an update to the rankings for one or more of the content boards in the queue from the client device, the received update being based on one or more of: which content boards have been completely downloaded and cached on the client device; which content boards have background images whose orientation corresponds to the current orientation of the client device, and which content boards include content associated with a social connection of the user. | In one embodiment, a method includes receiving a cover feed interaction history from a device associated with a user of a social-networking system. An order for a plurality of content boards may be determined based on the cover feed interaction history (e.g., viewing history, download status, the current order of content boards in the cover feed, user interaction history, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board), user information related to the user, and device information about device-based events and device status. Finally, the order for the content boards may be sent to the device. The determination of the order for the content boards may be based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events.1. A method, comprising:
by a computer server machine:
determining a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; and
downgrading, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cover feed interaction history comprises information regarding: which content boards the user has viewed, which content boards still have content that is waiting for completion of download, what the current order is for the content boards, how long the user viewed a particular content board, whether the user interacted with the content board, whether the user skipped back to bring up a previously-viewed content board, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board. 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the device information comprises information about device-based events and device status, the information comprising: network connectivity status, power status, or a history log of recent device transactions involving social connections of the user. 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the ranking for each of the plurality of content boards in the queue is based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more new content boards, further comprising:
retrieving content associated with the user; composing new content boards using the retrieved content; and sending the new content boards to the client device. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the retrieving the content associated with the user is based on the cover feed interaction history, the device information or the user information. 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more updates to previously-provided content boards, further comprising:
retrieving updates to content associated with the user; composing updates to the previously-provided content boards using the retrieved updates; and sending the updates to the previously-provided content boards to the client device. 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
sending the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
receiving an update to the rankings for one or more of the content boards in the queue from the client device. 10. The method of claim 9, wherein the received update to the rankings is based on one or more of which content boards have:
been completely downloaded and cached on the client device, and background images whose orientation corresponds to the current orientation of the client device, which content boards include content associated with a social connection of the user. 11. One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to:
determine a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; downgrade, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 12. The media of claim 11, wherein the cover feed interaction history comprises information regarding: which content boards the user has viewed, which content boards still have content that is waiting for completion of download, what the current order is for the content boards, how long the user viewed a particular content board, whether the user interacted with the content board, whether the user skipped back to bring up a previously-viewed content board, whether the user bookmarked or pinned a particular content board. 13. The media of claim 11, wherein the device information comprises information about device-based events and device status, the information comprising: network connectivity status, power status, or a history log of recent device transactions involving social connections of the user. 14. The media of claim 11, wherein the determination of the ranking for each of the plurality of content boards in the queue is based on the cover feed interaction history, recency of content included in the content boards, popularity of the content, relevance of content to the user, or device-based events. 15. The media of claim 11, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more new content boards, and wherein the software is further operable when executed to:
retrieve content associated with the user; compose new content boards using the retrieved content; and send the new content boards to the client device. 16. The media of claim 11, wherein the software is further operable when executed to:
send the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 17. A system, comprising:
one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors being operable when executing the instructions to: determine a ranking for each of a plurality of content boards, displayed in a displayable region of a client device associated with a user of a social-networking system, and in a queue of content boards associated with a cover feed interface based on a cover feed interaction history of the client device, the user information related to the user, and device information related to the client device; and downgrade, for at least one of the content boards in the queue that has been displayed by the client device, the ranking of the at least one of the content boards based at least in part on the display of the at least one of the content boards. 18. The system of claim 17, wherein the queue of content boards includes one or more updates to previously-provided content boards, and wherein the processors are further operable when executing the instructions to:
retrieve updates to content associated with the user; compose updates to the previously-provided content boards using the retrieved updates; and send the updates to the previously-provided content boards to the client device. 19. The system of claim 17, wherein the processors are further operable when executing the instructions to:
send the ranking for each of one or more of the content boards in the queue to the client device. 20. The system of claim 17, further comprising receiving an update to the rankings for one or more of the content boards in the queue from the client device, the received update being based on one or more of: which content boards have been completely downloaded and cached on the client device; which content boards have background images whose orientation corresponds to the current orientation of the client device, and which content boards include content associated with a social connection of the user. | 1,700 |
349,778 | 350,652 | 16,854,433 | 1,794 | The blade holder has a movable plate and a fixture. A rotatable bolt in operative engagement with a block attached to the plate. A motor is in operative engagement with the bolt. The motor rotates the bolt to move the plate towards the fixture to grip a first set of blades until a torque threshold value is reached. The processor determines a number of blades included in the set of blades based on the number of rotations of the bolt. A first grinding portion of a rotating abrasive belt is applied against the set of blades (having width (W1)) to sharpen the set of blades. Sliding a vise sideways a distance (W1) until a second grinding portion is aligned on top of the second set of blades. | 1. A method for automatically sharpening blades, comprising:
providing a blade holder having a movable plate and a fixture, a rotatable bolt having a threaded portion in operative engagement with a block attached to the plate, a motor in operative engagement with the bolt; the motor rotating the bolt to move the plate towards the fixture to grip a first set of blades placed therebetween until a torque threshold value is reached; a processor connected to the motor, the processor determining a number of blades included in the set of blades based on the number of rotations of the bolt; applying a first grinding portion of a rotating abrasive belt against the set of blades to sharpen the set of blades, the first grinding portion having a width (W1); removing the first set of blades and placing a second set of blades between the plate and the fixture; and sliding a vise, attached to the plate, sideways a distance (W1) until a second grinding portion is aligned on top of the second set of blades. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of the motor automatically reducing a gripping force for a second set of blades wherein the second set of blades includes fewer blades than the first set of blades. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of sliding a slide, attached to the vise, along a rail to shift the vise relative to the belt. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing a linear actuator having a rod in rotational engagement with a bolt secured to a piece in operational engagement with the slide. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of simultaneously sharpening the blades contained in the first set of blades. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the method further comprises the step of rotating the rod to shift the vise relative to the belt. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of inserting a motor shaft into the bolt. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the block with an opening defined therein to threadedly engage the bolt. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of determining a gripping gap between the plate and the fixture by counting a number of rotations of the shaft. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the shaft with an elongate protrusion and inserting the protrusion into a groove at an end of the bolt. | The blade holder has a movable plate and a fixture. A rotatable bolt in operative engagement with a block attached to the plate. A motor is in operative engagement with the bolt. The motor rotates the bolt to move the plate towards the fixture to grip a first set of blades until a torque threshold value is reached. The processor determines a number of blades included in the set of blades based on the number of rotations of the bolt. A first grinding portion of a rotating abrasive belt is applied against the set of blades (having width (W1)) to sharpen the set of blades. Sliding a vise sideways a distance (W1) until a second grinding portion is aligned on top of the second set of blades.1. A method for automatically sharpening blades, comprising:
providing a blade holder having a movable plate and a fixture, a rotatable bolt having a threaded portion in operative engagement with a block attached to the plate, a motor in operative engagement with the bolt; the motor rotating the bolt to move the plate towards the fixture to grip a first set of blades placed therebetween until a torque threshold value is reached; a processor connected to the motor, the processor determining a number of blades included in the set of blades based on the number of rotations of the bolt; applying a first grinding portion of a rotating abrasive belt against the set of blades to sharpen the set of blades, the first grinding portion having a width (W1); removing the first set of blades and placing a second set of blades between the plate and the fixture; and sliding a vise, attached to the plate, sideways a distance (W1) until a second grinding portion is aligned on top of the second set of blades. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of the motor automatically reducing a gripping force for a second set of blades wherein the second set of blades includes fewer blades than the first set of blades. 3. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of sliding a slide, attached to the vise, along a rail to shift the vise relative to the belt. 4. The method of claim 3 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing a linear actuator having a rod in rotational engagement with a bolt secured to a piece in operational engagement with the slide. 5. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of simultaneously sharpening the blades contained in the first set of blades. 6. The method of claim 4 wherein the method further comprises the step of rotating the rod to shift the vise relative to the belt. 7. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of inserting a motor shaft into the bolt. 8. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the block with an opening defined therein to threadedly engage the bolt. 9. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of determining a gripping gap between the plate and the fixture by counting a number of rotations of the shaft. 10. The method of claim 1 wherein the method further comprises the step of providing the shaft with an elongate protrusion and inserting the protrusion into a groove at an end of the bolt. | 1,700 |
349,779 | 350,653 | 16,854,417 | 1,794 | In assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the pressure vessel has a diameter and a length and includes a substantially cylindrical body and a boss neck. The substantially cylindrical body has a domed end and tapers from a portion having the diameter to the boss neck at the domed end. The mount includes a central and first and second flanges. The central plate has an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the boss neck. The first and second flanges are located at opposed first and second sides of the central plate, respectively, and are configured to extend toward the body. The assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body. | 1.-9. (canceled) 10. An assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the assembly including:
the pressure vessel having a diameter and a length and including:
a substantially cylindrical body having a domed end; and
a boss neck;
wherein the substantially cylindrical body tapers from a portion having the diameter to the boss neck at the domed end; and
the mount including:
a central plate having an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the boss neck;
a first flange located at a first side of the central plate and extending toward the body; and
a second flange located at a second side of the central plate opposite the first side and extending toward the body;
wherein the assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body. 11. The assembly of claim 10 further including:
a first vibration isolator disposed on the first flange; and
a second vibration isolator disposed on the second flange. 12. The assembly of claim 10 further including a retainer disposed proximate the aperture and configured to retain the pressure vessel and mount together in the assembly. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the retainer is annular. 14. An assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the assembly including:
the pressure vessel including:
a substantially cylindrical body having a diameter and a length; and
a neck:
the mount including:
a central plate having an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the neck of the pressure vessel;
a first flange located at a first side of the central plate and extending toward the body; and
a second flange located at a second side of the central plate opposite the first side and extending toward the body; and
an annular retainer disposed proximate the aperture and configured to retain the pressure vessel and mount together in the assembly, wherein the retainer includes a snap feature configured to cooperate with the neck; wherein the assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical hotly. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the central plate is substantially planar. 18. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the first flange includes a second aperture therethrough. 19. The assembly of claim 18 further including a vibration isolator connected to the first flange at the second aperture. 20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein the vibration isolator includes a third aperture that is coincident with the second aperture. 21. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the first flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 22. The assembly of claim 21 wherein the second flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 23. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the mount is formed of a spring steel. 24. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the central plate is substantially planar. 25. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the first flange includes a second aperture therethrough. 26. The assembly of claim 25 further including a vibration isolator connected to the first flange at the second aperture. 27. The assembly of claim 26 wherein the vibration isolator includes a third aperture that is coincident with the second aperture. 28. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the first flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 29. The assembly of claim 28 wherein the second flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 30. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the mount is formed of a spring steel. | In assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the pressure vessel has a diameter and a length and includes a substantially cylindrical body and a boss neck. The substantially cylindrical body has a domed end and tapers from a portion having the diameter to the boss neck at the domed end. The mount includes a central and first and second flanges. The central plate has an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the boss neck. The first and second flanges are located at opposed first and second sides of the central plate, respectively, and are configured to extend toward the body. The assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body.1.-9. (canceled) 10. An assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the assembly including:
the pressure vessel having a diameter and a length and including:
a substantially cylindrical body having a domed end; and
a boss neck;
wherein the substantially cylindrical body tapers from a portion having the diameter to the boss neck at the domed end; and
the mount including:
a central plate having an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the boss neck;
a first flange located at a first side of the central plate and extending toward the body; and
a second flange located at a second side of the central plate opposite the first side and extending toward the body;
wherein the assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body. 11. The assembly of claim 10 further including:
a first vibration isolator disposed on the first flange; and
a second vibration isolator disposed on the second flange. 12. The assembly of claim 10 further including a retainer disposed proximate the aperture and configured to retain the pressure vessel and mount together in the assembly. 13. The assembly of claim 12, wherein the retainer is annular. 14. An assembly of a pressure vessel and mount, the assembly including:
the pressure vessel including:
a substantially cylindrical body having a diameter and a length; and
a neck:
the mount including:
a central plate having an aperture therethrough configured to accept a portion of the neck of the pressure vessel;
a first flange located at a first side of the central plate and extending toward the body; and
a second flange located at a second side of the central plate opposite the first side and extending toward the body; and
an annular retainer disposed proximate the aperture and configured to retain the pressure vessel and mount together in the assembly, wherein the retainer includes a snap feature configured to cooperate with the neck; wherein the assembly occupies no more than a rectangular prism space defined by the length, a width equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical body, and a height equal to the diameter of the substantially cylindrical hotly. 15. (canceled) 16. (canceled) 17. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the central plate is substantially planar. 18. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the first flange includes a second aperture therethrough. 19. The assembly of claim 18 further including a vibration isolator connected to the first flange at the second aperture. 20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein the vibration isolator includes a third aperture that is coincident with the second aperture. 21. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the first flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 22. The assembly of claim 21 wherein the second flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 23. The assembly of claim 10 wherein the mount is formed of a spring steel. 24. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the central plate is substantially planar. 25. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the first flange includes a second aperture therethrough. 26. The assembly of claim 25 further including a vibration isolator connected to the first flange at the second aperture. 27. The assembly of claim 26 wherein the vibration isolator includes a third aperture that is coincident with the second aperture. 28. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the first flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 29. The assembly of claim 28 wherein the second flange is oriented substantially perpendicular to the central plate. 30. The assembly of claim 14 wherein the mount is formed of a spring steel. | 1,700 |
349,780 | 350,654 | 16,854,416 | 1,794 | Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter. | 1-24. (canceled) 25. A method comprising:
controlling operation of a plurality of scattering elements in an empirically modulated antenna system to operate at discrete operational configurations and form an initial modulation pattern; identifying a performance parameter of the empirically modulated antenna system to evaluate after each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on a per-element basis; and discretely modulating a corresponding operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in an assigned order of scattering elements of the plurality of scattering elements based on the evaluated performance parameter. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements includes a first scattering element and a second scattering element, the method further comprising:
discretely modulating an operational configuration of the first scattering element on the per-element basis while refraining from modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element to dynamically change a modulation pattern of the empirically modulated antenna system from the initial modulation pattern; evaluating the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated; and controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element includes modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the first scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element includes refraining from further modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element after a first modulation pattern that is different from the initial modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
discretely modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element on the per-element basis after the first scattering element is discretely modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system; evaluating the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated; and controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element includes modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the second scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element includes refraining from further modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element after a second modulation pattern that is different from the first modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further includes initially modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated after a last instance that the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further includes initially modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated before the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements indicates discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element before discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 35. The method of claim 25, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on corresponding locations of each of the plurality of scattering elements with respect to one or more feed-points of the empirically modulated antenna system. 36. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements form an array of scattering elements and the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on physical positions of each of the scattering elements within the array of scattering elements. 37. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements are spaced apart at less than a quarter of a free-space wavelength of an operating frequency of the empirically modulated antenna system. 38. The method of claim 25, wherein the operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on the per-element basis in the assigned order of scattering elements by completely progressing through the assigned order of scattering element a plurality of times to modulate each of the scattering elements a plurality of times. 39. The method of claim 25, wherein the performance parameter includes one of a gain value of a transmit-receive link between the empirically modulated antenna system and a far-end antenna and a received signal strength parameter for the empirically modulated antenna system. 40. An empirically modulated antenna system, comprising:
an antenna comprising a plurality of scattering elements configured to operate at discrete operational configurations to form a modulation pattern for the empirically modulated antenna system; a controller configured to:
control operation of the plurality of scattering elements to operate at the discrete operational configurations and form an initial modulation pattern;
identify a performance parameter of the empirically modulated antenna system to evaluate after each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on a per-element basis; and
discretely modulate a corresponding operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in an assigned order of scattering elements of the plurality of scattering elements based on the evaluated performance parameter. 41. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements includes a first scattering element and a second scattering element and the controller is further configured to:
discretely modulate an operational configuration of the first scattering element on the per-element basis while refraining from modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element to dynamically change a modulation pattern of the empirically modulated antenna system from the initial modulation pattern; evaluate the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated; and control further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 42. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the controller is further configured to modulate the operational configuration of the first scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the first scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element. 43. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the controller is further configured to refrain from further modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element after a first modulation pattern that is different from the initial modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element. 44. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 43, wherein the controller is further configured to:
discretely modulate an operational configuration of the second scattering element on the per-element basis after the first scattering element is discretely modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system; evaluate the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated; and control further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 45. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the second scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 46. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to refrain from further modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element after a second modulation pattern that is different from the first modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 47. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to initially modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated after a last instance that the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further. 48. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 47, wherein the controller is further configured to initially modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated before the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further. 49. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements indicates discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element before discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 50. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on corresponding locations of each of the plurality of scattering elements with respect to one or more feed-points of the empirically modulated antenna system. 51. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements form an array of scattering elements and the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on physical positions of each of the scattering elements within the array of scattering elements. 52. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements are spaced apart at less than a quarter of a free-space wavelength of an operating frequency of the empirically modulated antenna system. 53. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the controller is further configured to discretely modulate the operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in the assigned order of scattering elements by completely progressing through the assigned order of scattering element a plurality of times to modulate each of the scattering elements a plurality of times. 54. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the performance parameter includes one of a gain value of a transmit-receive link between the empirically modulated antenna system and a far-end antenna and a received signal strength parameter for the empirically modulated antenna system. | Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.1-24. (canceled) 25. A method comprising:
controlling operation of a plurality of scattering elements in an empirically modulated antenna system to operate at discrete operational configurations and form an initial modulation pattern; identifying a performance parameter of the empirically modulated antenna system to evaluate after each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on a per-element basis; and discretely modulating a corresponding operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in an assigned order of scattering elements of the plurality of scattering elements based on the evaluated performance parameter. 26. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements includes a first scattering element and a second scattering element, the method further comprising:
discretely modulating an operational configuration of the first scattering element on the per-element basis while refraining from modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element to dynamically change a modulation pattern of the empirically modulated antenna system from the initial modulation pattern; evaluating the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated; and controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 27. The method of claim 26, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element includes modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the first scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern. 28. The method of claim 26, wherein controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element includes refraining from further modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element after a first modulation pattern that is different from the initial modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system. 29. The method of claim 28, further comprising:
discretely modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element on the per-element basis after the first scattering element is discretely modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system; evaluating the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated; and controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 30. The method of claim 29, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element includes modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the second scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern. 31. The method of claim 29, wherein controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element includes refraining from further modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element after a second modulation pattern that is different from the first modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system. 32. The method of claim 29, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further includes initially modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated after a last instance that the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system. 33. The method of claim 32, wherein discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further includes initially modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated before the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated. 34. The method of claim 26, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements indicates discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element before discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 35. The method of claim 25, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on corresponding locations of each of the plurality of scattering elements with respect to one or more feed-points of the empirically modulated antenna system. 36. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements form an array of scattering elements and the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on physical positions of each of the scattering elements within the array of scattering elements. 37. The method of claim 25, wherein the plurality of scattering elements are spaced apart at less than a quarter of a free-space wavelength of an operating frequency of the empirically modulated antenna system. 38. The method of claim 25, wherein the operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on the per-element basis in the assigned order of scattering elements by completely progressing through the assigned order of scattering element a plurality of times to modulate each of the scattering elements a plurality of times. 39. The method of claim 25, wherein the performance parameter includes one of a gain value of a transmit-receive link between the empirically modulated antenna system and a far-end antenna and a received signal strength parameter for the empirically modulated antenna system. 40. An empirically modulated antenna system, comprising:
an antenna comprising a plurality of scattering elements configured to operate at discrete operational configurations to form a modulation pattern for the empirically modulated antenna system; a controller configured to:
control operation of the plurality of scattering elements to operate at the discrete operational configurations and form an initial modulation pattern;
identify a performance parameter of the empirically modulated antenna system to evaluate after each of the plurality of scattering elements is discretely modulated on a per-element basis; and
discretely modulate a corresponding operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in an assigned order of scattering elements of the plurality of scattering elements based on the evaluated performance parameter. 41. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements includes a first scattering element and a second scattering element and the controller is further configured to:
discretely modulate an operational configuration of the first scattering element on the per-element basis while refraining from modulating an operational configuration of the second scattering element to dynamically change a modulation pattern of the empirically modulated antenna system from the initial modulation pattern; evaluate the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated; and control further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 42. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the controller is further configured to modulate the operational configuration of the first scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the first scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element. 43. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the controller is further configured to refrain from further modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element after a first modulation pattern that is different from the initial modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the first scattering element. 44. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 43, wherein the controller is further configured to:
discretely modulate an operational configuration of the second scattering element on the per-element basis after the first scattering element is discretely modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system; evaluate the performance parameter each time the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated; and control further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the evaluated performance parameter. 45. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element from an initial operational configuration of the second scattering element in forming the initial modulation pattern, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 46. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to refrain from further modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element after a second modulation pattern that is different from the first modulation pattern is achieved at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of controlling further modulation of the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 47. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 44, wherein the controller is further configured to initially modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated after a last instance that the operational configuration of the first scattering element is modulated to achieve the first modulation pattern at the empirically modulated antenna system, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further. 48. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 47, wherein the controller is further configured to initially modulate the operational configuration of the second scattering element based on the performance parameter evaluated before the operational configuration of the second scattering element is modulated, as part of discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element further. 49. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 41, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements indicates discretely modulating the operational configuration of the first scattering element before discretely modulating the operational configuration of the second scattering element. 50. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on corresponding locations of each of the plurality of scattering elements with respect to one or more feed-points of the empirically modulated antenna system. 51. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements form an array of scattering elements and the assigned order of scattering elements is defined based on physical positions of each of the scattering elements within the array of scattering elements. 52. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the plurality of scattering elements are spaced apart at less than a quarter of a free-space wavelength of an operating frequency of the empirically modulated antenna system. 53. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the controller is further configured to discretely modulate the operational configuration of each of the plurality of scattering elements on the per-element basis in the assigned order of scattering elements by completely progressing through the assigned order of scattering element a plurality of times to modulate each of the scattering elements a plurality of times. 54. The empirically modulated antenna system of claim 40, wherein the performance parameter includes one of a gain value of a transmit-receive link between the empirically modulated antenna system and a far-end antenna and a received signal strength parameter for the empirically modulated antenna system. | 1,700 |
349,781 | 350,655 | 16,854,438 | 1,794 | A cleaning composition for sanitizing and/or disinfecting hard surfaces, comprising: a cationic biocide, surfactant and low levels of VOC solvents. The cleaning composition is adapted to clean a variety of hard surfaces without leaving behind a visible residue and creates low levels of streaking and filming on the treated surface. The cleaning composition contains less than 5% by weight of VOCs. The cleaning composition may be used alone as a liquid or spray formulation or in combination with a substrate, for example, a pre-loaded cleaning wipe. | 1. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more cationic biocides; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of: lauryl sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, cocamidopropylbetaine, alkyl polyglycoside, and any combinations or mixtures thereof, iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. iv. about 0.1-2% by weight of a second solvent that is different from the first solvent, the second solvent being selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, diols, C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, short chain carboxylic acids, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. v. at least about 90% by weight of water; and vi. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 2. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a buffer. 3. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 4. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said cationic biocide includes a quaternary ammonium compound. 5. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside. 6. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of alkylene glycol. 7. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of propylene glycol. 8. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the second solvent is an alcohol. 9. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant; iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. iv. about 0.1-2% by weight of a second solvent that is different from the first solvent, the second solvent being selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, diols, C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, short chain carboxylic acids, and any mixtures or combinations thereof; v. about 0.001-1% by weight of a buffer; vi. at least about 90% by weight of water; and vii. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 10. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the buffer is monoethanolamine. 11. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 12. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 13. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point of 90° F. or less. 14. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of alkylene glycol 15. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the second solvent is an alcohol. 16. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds, ii. about 0.15-1.5% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant; iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof, iv. about 0.01-2% by weight of a second solvent, the second solvent being one or more alcohols; v. one or more buffers; vi. one or more fragrances; vii. at least 90% by weight of water; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 17. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said buffer is monoethanolamine. 18. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of propylene glycol. 19. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 20. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said second solvent is ethanol. | A cleaning composition for sanitizing and/or disinfecting hard surfaces, comprising: a cationic biocide, surfactant and low levels of VOC solvents. The cleaning composition is adapted to clean a variety of hard surfaces without leaving behind a visible residue and creates low levels of streaking and filming on the treated surface. The cleaning composition contains less than 5% by weight of VOCs. The cleaning composition may be used alone as a liquid or spray formulation or in combination with a substrate, for example, a pre-loaded cleaning wipe.1. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more cationic biocides; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of: lauryl sulfate, lauryl ether sulfate, cocamidopropylbetaine, alkyl polyglycoside, and any combinations or mixtures thereof, iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. iv. about 0.1-2% by weight of a second solvent that is different from the first solvent, the second solvent being selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, diols, C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, short chain carboxylic acids, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. v. at least about 90% by weight of water; and vi. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 2. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a buffer. 3. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 4. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said cationic biocide includes a quaternary ammonium compound. 5. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant is an alkyl polyglycoside. 6. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of alkylene glycol. 7. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of propylene glycol. 8. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the second solvent is an alcohol. 9. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant; iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof. iv. about 0.1-2% by weight of a second solvent that is different from the first solvent, the second solvent being selected from the group consisting of: alcohols, diols, C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, short chain carboxylic acids, and any mixtures or combinations thereof; v. about 0.001-1% by weight of a buffer; vi. at least about 90% by weight of water; and vii. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 10. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the buffer is monoethanolamine. 11. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 12. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 13. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point of 90° F. or less. 14. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of alkylene glycol 15. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the second solvent is an alcohol. 16. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds, ii. about 0.15-1.5% by weight of an alkyl polyglycoside surfactant; iii. about 0.1-2% by weight of a first solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof, iv. about 0.01-2% by weight of a second solvent, the second solvent being one or more alcohols; v. one or more buffers; vi. one or more fragrances; vii. at least 90% by weight of water; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 17. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said buffer is monoethanolamine. 18. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein the first solvent includes a C1-10 alkyl ether of propylene glycol. 19. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 20. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said second solvent is ethanol. | 1,700 |
349,782 | 350,656 | 16,854,408 | 1,794 | A control device is applied to a power conversion system including a first power conversion device and a second power conversion device connected in parallel with a common power supply target. The control device acquires a load output including a load current or power to be supplied to the power supply target, and control operation of the first power conversion device and the second power conversion device based on at least any of a voltage parameter including any of an input voltage and an output voltage and the load output. | 1. A control device comprising a first DC/DC converter and a second DC/DC converter configured to drop an input voltage from an electric storage device, and applied to a power conversion system that provides output voltage with a common power supply target from the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, the control device comprising
a voltage acquisition unit configured to acquire an input voltage or an output voltage as a voltage parameter; a current acquisition unit configured to acquire load current supplied to the power supply target; a sharing setting unit configured to set load current sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter based on the voltage parameter and the load current, and an operation control unit controls, based on the sharing amounts, operation of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, wherein the first DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter in a first range as a voltage parameter range, and the second DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the first DC/DC converter in a second range different from the first range, the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter to be more than the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range, and sets the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter more than the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, in a case where the load current lower than a predetermined load threshold is output, the first DC/DC converter has a lower efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter, and in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range and the load current is lower than the load threshold, the sharing setting unit does not operate the first DC/DC converter. 2. The system control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an upper limit determination unit configured to determine whether the load current is lower than an upper limit smaller than a rated current of the first DC/DC converter, wherein the sharing setting unit does not operate the second DC/DC converter in a case where the upper limit determination unit determines that the load current is lower than the upper limit, and sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to operate the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter in a case where it is determined that the load current is equal to or higher than the upper limit. 3. The power conversion system control device according to claim 1, wherein
a change in the efficiency of the second DC/DC converter when the voltage parameter changes from the second range to the first range is smaller than a change in the efficiency of the first DC/DC converter. 4. The power conversion system control device according to claim 1, wherein
in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, the sharing setting unit does not operate the first DC/DC converter. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter not to exceed the rated currents thereof. 6. A control system comprising:
the control device according to claim 1; and the power conversion system. 7. A control device comprising a first DC/DC converter and a second DC/DC converter configured to drop an input voltage from an electric storage device, and applied to a power conversion system that provides output voltage with a common power supply target from the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, the control device comprising
a voltage acquisition unit configured to acquire an input voltage or an output voltage as a voltage parameter; a current acquisition unit configured to acquire load current supplied to the power supply target; a sharing setting unit configured to set load current sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter based on the voltage parameter and the load current, an upper limit determination unit configured to determine whether the load current is lower than an upper limit smaller than a rated current of the first DC/DC converter, and an operation control unit controls, based on the sharing amounts, operation of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, wherein the first DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter in a first range as a voltage parameter range, and the second DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the first DC/DC converter in a second range different from the first range, the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter to be more than the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range, and sets the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter more than the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, and the sharing setting unit does not operate the second DC/DC converter in a case where the upper limit determination unit determines that the load current is lower than the upper limit, and sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to operate the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter in a case where it is determined that the load current is equal to or higher than the upper limit. | A control device is applied to a power conversion system including a first power conversion device and a second power conversion device connected in parallel with a common power supply target. The control device acquires a load output including a load current or power to be supplied to the power supply target, and control operation of the first power conversion device and the second power conversion device based on at least any of a voltage parameter including any of an input voltage and an output voltage and the load output.1. A control device comprising a first DC/DC converter and a second DC/DC converter configured to drop an input voltage from an electric storage device, and applied to a power conversion system that provides output voltage with a common power supply target from the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, the control device comprising
a voltage acquisition unit configured to acquire an input voltage or an output voltage as a voltage parameter; a current acquisition unit configured to acquire load current supplied to the power supply target; a sharing setting unit configured to set load current sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter based on the voltage parameter and the load current, and an operation control unit controls, based on the sharing amounts, operation of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, wherein the first DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter in a first range as a voltage parameter range, and the second DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the first DC/DC converter in a second range different from the first range, the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter to be more than the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range, and sets the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter more than the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, in a case where the load current lower than a predetermined load threshold is output, the first DC/DC converter has a lower efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter, and in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range and the load current is lower than the load threshold, the sharing setting unit does not operate the first DC/DC converter. 2. The system control device according to claim 1, further comprising:
an upper limit determination unit configured to determine whether the load current is lower than an upper limit smaller than a rated current of the first DC/DC converter, wherein the sharing setting unit does not operate the second DC/DC converter in a case where the upper limit determination unit determines that the load current is lower than the upper limit, and sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to operate the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter in a case where it is determined that the load current is equal to or higher than the upper limit. 3. The power conversion system control device according to claim 1, wherein
a change in the efficiency of the second DC/DC converter when the voltage parameter changes from the second range to the first range is smaller than a change in the efficiency of the first DC/DC converter. 4. The power conversion system control device according to claim 1, wherein
in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, the sharing setting unit does not operate the first DC/DC converter. 5. The control device according to claim 1, wherein
the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter not to exceed the rated currents thereof. 6. A control system comprising:
the control device according to claim 1; and the power conversion system. 7. A control device comprising a first DC/DC converter and a second DC/DC converter configured to drop an input voltage from an electric storage device, and applied to a power conversion system that provides output voltage with a common power supply target from the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, the control device comprising
a voltage acquisition unit configured to acquire an input voltage or an output voltage as a voltage parameter; a current acquisition unit configured to acquire load current supplied to the power supply target; a sharing setting unit configured to set load current sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter based on the voltage parameter and the load current, an upper limit determination unit configured to determine whether the load current is lower than an upper limit smaller than a rated current of the first DC/DC converter, and an operation control unit controls, based on the sharing amounts, operation of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter, wherein the first DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the second DC/DC converter in a first range as a voltage parameter range, and the second DC/DC converter has a higher efficiency than that of the first DC/DC converter in a second range different from the first range, the sharing setting unit sets the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter to be more than the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the first range, and sets the sharing amount of the second DC/DC converter more than the sharing amount of the first DC/DC converter in a case where the voltage parameter is in the second range, and the sharing setting unit does not operate the second DC/DC converter in a case where the upper limit determination unit determines that the load current is lower than the upper limit, and sets the sharing amounts of the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter to operate the first DC/DC converter and the second DC/DC converter in a case where it is determined that the load current is equal to or higher than the upper limit. | 1,700 |
349,783 | 350,657 | 16,854,405 | 1,794 | A charged particle beam lithography apparatus, includes a plurality of multiple-beam sets, each of which including a plurality of irradiation sources each generating an independent charged particle beam, a plurality of objective deflectors, each arranged for a corresponding charged particle beam, and configured to deflect the corresponding charged particle beam to a desired position on a substrate, and a plurality of electrostatic or electromagnetic lens fields each to focus the corresponding charged particle beam on the target object; a plurality of common deflection amplifiers, arranged for each multiple-beam set, and each of the plurality of common deflection amplifiers being configured to commonly control the plurality of objective deflectors arranged in a same multiple-beam set; a plurality of individual ON/OFF mechanisms configured to individually turn ON/OFF a beam irradiated from each irradiation source; and one or more multiple-beam clusters including the plurality of multiple-beam sets. | 1-8. (canceled) 9. A charged particle beam pattern writing method comprising:
continuously moving a plurality of substrates aligned in a predetermined direction in the predetermined direction; and writing a pattern on the plurality of substrates by using a plurality of multiple-beam sets, each irradiating multiple beams, so that each multiple-beam set of the plurality of multiple-beam sets sequentially writes a portion of the pattern on a different one or more of exposure pixel groups in a same small region, on a same substrate, smaller than each die region of a plurality of die regions to form a same pattern, the plurality of die regions provided on each substrate of the plurality of substrates, in a state where the plurality of substrates is continuously moved in the predetermined direction. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the plurality of substrates continuously moves along a circulating track, the plurality of multiple-beam sets is arranged along the circulating track, and the plurality of multiple-beam sets writes a pattern on the plurality of substrates such that pattern writing processing of the each substrate is completed by a time when each substrate makes one turn or a plurality of turns on the circulating track. | A charged particle beam lithography apparatus, includes a plurality of multiple-beam sets, each of which including a plurality of irradiation sources each generating an independent charged particle beam, a plurality of objective deflectors, each arranged for a corresponding charged particle beam, and configured to deflect the corresponding charged particle beam to a desired position on a substrate, and a plurality of electrostatic or electromagnetic lens fields each to focus the corresponding charged particle beam on the target object; a plurality of common deflection amplifiers, arranged for each multiple-beam set, and each of the plurality of common deflection amplifiers being configured to commonly control the plurality of objective deflectors arranged in a same multiple-beam set; a plurality of individual ON/OFF mechanisms configured to individually turn ON/OFF a beam irradiated from each irradiation source; and one or more multiple-beam clusters including the plurality of multiple-beam sets.1-8. (canceled) 9. A charged particle beam pattern writing method comprising:
continuously moving a plurality of substrates aligned in a predetermined direction in the predetermined direction; and writing a pattern on the plurality of substrates by using a plurality of multiple-beam sets, each irradiating multiple beams, so that each multiple-beam set of the plurality of multiple-beam sets sequentially writes a portion of the pattern on a different one or more of exposure pixel groups in a same small region, on a same substrate, smaller than each die region of a plurality of die regions to form a same pattern, the plurality of die regions provided on each substrate of the plurality of substrates, in a state where the plurality of substrates is continuously moved in the predetermined direction. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein
the plurality of substrates continuously moves along a circulating track, the plurality of multiple-beam sets is arranged along the circulating track, and the plurality of multiple-beam sets writes a pattern on the plurality of substrates such that pattern writing processing of the each substrate is completed by a time when each substrate makes one turn or a plurality of turns on the circulating track. | 1,700 |
349,784 | 350,658 | 16,854,375 | 1,794 | An imaging system is provided comprising: a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising: determining multiple image regions of interest (ROIs) within a camera image plane that correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images; determining multiple radar ROIs that correspond to one or more 3D world objects; determining 3D world distances corresponding to the radar ROIs; determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects; adjusting one or more parameters associated with the camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs. | 1. An imaging system comprising:
a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising: in a calibration mode,
receiving, using a first camera, image information projected at an image plane of the first camera from a 3D world;
determining based upon the image information, multiple image regions of interest (ROIs), wherein individual ones of the multiple image ROIs correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images projected at the image plane;
receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating one or more 3D world objects;
determining based upon the radar information, multiple respective radar ROIs, wherein individual ones of the multiple radar ROIs correspond to one or more 3D world objects indicated by the radar information;
determining based upon the radar information, respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs;
determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects;
adjusting one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs to produce adjusted first geometric parameters. 2. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
adjusting one or more second geometric parameters associated with a second camera based upon the adjusted first geometric parameters to produce adjusted second geometric parameters. 3. The system of claim 1,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
adjusting based upon at least one respective two-dimensional coordinate location at the image plane of the first camera where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair and upon a respective 3D world distance corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair. 4. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising:
determining a scaling factor based at least in part upon one or more of the respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs;
wherein adjusting includes adjusting based at least in part upon the determined scaling factor. 5. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
classifying respective image ROIs, using a first trained machine learning engine;
classifying respective radar unit ROIs, using a second trained machine learning engine;
wherein determining the multiple co-registered ROI pairs includes matching respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered pair, based upon respective image ROI classifications and respective radar ROI classifications. 6. The system of claim 5,
wherein classifying respective image ROIs, using a first trained machine learning engine, includes classifying based upon semantic segmentation. 7. The system of claim 6,
the operations further including:
conditioning performance of the act of adjusting upon a change in a 3D world distance corresponding to a respective radar ROI of at least one co-registered pair. 8. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
conditioning performance of the act of adjusting upon a threshold count of co-registered ROI pairs. 9. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
classifying respective image ROIs and producing corresponding image classification confidence scores, using a first trained machine learning engine;
classifying respective radar unit ROIs and producing corresponding radar classification confidence scores, using a second trained machine learning engine;
wherein determining the multiple co-registered ROI pairs includes matching respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered pair, based upon respective image ROI classifications and respective radar ROI classifications; further including:
conditioning use of respective co-registered ROI pairs in the act adjusting upon respective image classification confidence levels and respective radar classification levels of respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered ROI pairs. 10. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining, using the first camera, a respective first distance from a respective common 3D world object corresponding to the respective image ROI and the respective radar ROI of the respective ROI pair;
determining, using the radar unit, a respective second distance from the respective common 3D world object corresponding to the respective image ROI and the respective radar ROI of the respective ROI pair; and
conditioning use of respective co-registered ROI pairs in the act adjusting upon respective a threshold loss difference between respective image ROIs and radar ROIs of the respective ROI pairs. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein the loss threshold difference includes a distance threshold loss. 12. The system of claim 10,
the operations further including:
tracking respective trajectories of respective image ROIs;
tracking respective trajectories of respective radar ROIs;
wherein the loss threshold difference includes a tracking trajectory threshold loss. 13. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
periodically triggering the act of adjusting. 14. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
triggering the act of adjusting in response to occurrence of an external event. 15. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera include first, second and third rotation parameters and include a height parameter. 16. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera include first respective first, second and third rotation parameters and first respective first, second and third translation parameters; and wherein the one or more second geometric parameters associated with the second camera include second respective first, second and third rotation parameters and second respective first, second and third translation parameters. 17. The system of claim 1 further including:
the processing circuitry;
the first camera; and
the radar unit;
wherein the radar unit has a frame of reference geometrically registered with a frame of reference of the first camera. 18. The system of claim 2 further including:
the processing circuitry;
the first camera;
the second camera; and
the radar unit;
wherein the radar unit has a frame of reference geometrically registered with a frame of reference of the first camera. 19. The system of claim 1,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining a respective projection between a respective two-dimensional coordinate location, at the image plane where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, and a respective 3D world coordinate location of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, based upon a first matrix function including the first geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted first geometric parameters based upon a parameter fitting process using the respective projections. 20. The system of claim 2,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining a respective first projection between a respective two-dimensional coordinate location, at the image plane where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, and a respective 3D world coordinate location of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, based upon a first matrix function including the first geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted first geometric parameters based upon a first parameter fitting process using the respective first projections; wherein adjusting the one or more second geometric parameters includes,
determining respective second projections between respective two-dimensional coordinate locations, at the image plane of the first camera and respective two-dimensional coordinate locations at an image plane of the second camera, based upon the first matrix function and based upon a second matrix function including the second geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted second geometric parameters based upon a second parameter fitting process using the respective second projections. 21. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising: in a functional mode,
receiving, using the first camera, image information including a projection including an image of a 3D world object at the image plane of the first camera; and
determining a distance from the 3D world object based upon the projection at the image plane and the adjusted first geometric parameters. 22. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising: in a functional mode,
receiving, using the first camera, image information including a first projection including an image of a 3D world object at the image plane of the first camera;
receiving, using the second camera, image information including a second projection including an image of the 3D world object at an image plane of the second camera; and
determining a distance from the 3D world object based upon the first projection at the image plane of the first camera, the second projection at the image plane of the second camera and the adjusted first and second geometric parameters. 23. A calibration method comprising:
receiving, using a first camera, image information projected at an image plane of the first camera from a 3D world; determining based upon the image information, multiple image regions of interest (ROIs), wherein individual ones of the multiple image ROIs correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images projected at the image plane; receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating one or more 3D world objects; determining based upon the radar information, multiple respective radar ROIs, wherein individual ones of the multiple radar ROIs correspond to one or more 3D world objects indicated by the radar information; determining based upon the radar information, respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs; determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects; adjusting one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs to produce adjusted first geometric parameters. 24. An imaging system comprising:
a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:
receiving first image information including an image of an object, using a first camera calibrated using a first group of photometric parameters;
determining, using the first camera, luminance information associated with the received first image information;
receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating an object;
determining based upon the radar information, a speed to associate with the object; and
adjusting one or more photometric parameters of the first group based upon the determined luminance information and the associated speed of the object. | An imaging system is provided comprising: a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising: determining multiple image regions of interest (ROIs) within a camera image plane that correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images; determining multiple radar ROIs that correspond to one or more 3D world objects; determining 3D world distances corresponding to the radar ROIs; determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects; adjusting one or more parameters associated with the camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs.1. An imaging system comprising:
a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising: in a calibration mode,
receiving, using a first camera, image information projected at an image plane of the first camera from a 3D world;
determining based upon the image information, multiple image regions of interest (ROIs), wherein individual ones of the multiple image ROIs correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images projected at the image plane;
receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating one or more 3D world objects;
determining based upon the radar information, multiple respective radar ROIs, wherein individual ones of the multiple radar ROIs correspond to one or more 3D world objects indicated by the radar information;
determining based upon the radar information, respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs;
determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects;
adjusting one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs to produce adjusted first geometric parameters. 2. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
adjusting one or more second geometric parameters associated with a second camera based upon the adjusted first geometric parameters to produce adjusted second geometric parameters. 3. The system of claim 1,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
adjusting based upon at least one respective two-dimensional coordinate location at the image plane of the first camera where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair and upon a respective 3D world distance corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair. 4. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising:
determining a scaling factor based at least in part upon one or more of the respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs;
wherein adjusting includes adjusting based at least in part upon the determined scaling factor. 5. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
classifying respective image ROIs, using a first trained machine learning engine;
classifying respective radar unit ROIs, using a second trained machine learning engine;
wherein determining the multiple co-registered ROI pairs includes matching respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered pair, based upon respective image ROI classifications and respective radar ROI classifications. 6. The system of claim 5,
wherein classifying respective image ROIs, using a first trained machine learning engine, includes classifying based upon semantic segmentation. 7. The system of claim 6,
the operations further including:
conditioning performance of the act of adjusting upon a change in a 3D world distance corresponding to a respective radar ROI of at least one co-registered pair. 8. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
conditioning performance of the act of adjusting upon a threshold count of co-registered ROI pairs. 9. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
classifying respective image ROIs and producing corresponding image classification confidence scores, using a first trained machine learning engine;
classifying respective radar unit ROIs and producing corresponding radar classification confidence scores, using a second trained machine learning engine;
wherein determining the multiple co-registered ROI pairs includes matching respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered pair, based upon respective image ROI classifications and respective radar ROI classifications; further including:
conditioning use of respective co-registered ROI pairs in the act adjusting upon respective image classification confidence levels and respective radar classification levels of respective image ROIs and respective radar ROIs of respective co-registered ROI pairs. 10. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining, using the first camera, a respective first distance from a respective common 3D world object corresponding to the respective image ROI and the respective radar ROI of the respective ROI pair;
determining, using the radar unit, a respective second distance from the respective common 3D world object corresponding to the respective image ROI and the respective radar ROI of the respective ROI pair; and
conditioning use of respective co-registered ROI pairs in the act adjusting upon respective a threshold loss difference between respective image ROIs and radar ROIs of the respective ROI pairs. 11. The system of claim 10,
wherein the loss threshold difference includes a distance threshold loss. 12. The system of claim 10,
the operations further including:
tracking respective trajectories of respective image ROIs;
tracking respective trajectories of respective radar ROIs;
wherein the loss threshold difference includes a tracking trajectory threshold loss. 13. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
periodically triggering the act of adjusting. 14. The system of claim 1,
the operations further including:
triggering the act of adjusting in response to occurrence of an external event. 15. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera include first, second and third rotation parameters and include a height parameter. 16. The system of claim 1,
wherein the one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera include first respective first, second and third rotation parameters and first respective first, second and third translation parameters; and wherein the one or more second geometric parameters associated with the second camera include second respective first, second and third rotation parameters and second respective first, second and third translation parameters. 17. The system of claim 1 further including:
the processing circuitry;
the first camera; and
the radar unit;
wherein the radar unit has a frame of reference geometrically registered with a frame of reference of the first camera. 18. The system of claim 2 further including:
the processing circuitry;
the first camera;
the second camera; and
the radar unit;
wherein the radar unit has a frame of reference geometrically registered with a frame of reference of the first camera. 19. The system of claim 1,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining a respective projection between a respective two-dimensional coordinate location, at the image plane where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, and a respective 3D world coordinate location of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, based upon a first matrix function including the first geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted first geometric parameters based upon a parameter fitting process using the respective projections. 20. The system of claim 2,
wherein adjusting the one or more first geometric parameters includes for respective ones of the multiple respective co-registered ROI pairs,
determining a respective first projection between a respective two-dimensional coordinate location, at the image plane where an image is projected of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective image ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, and a respective 3D world coordinate location of a 3D world object corresponding to a respective radar unit ROI of the respective co-registered ROI pair, based upon a first matrix function including the first geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted first geometric parameters based upon a first parameter fitting process using the respective first projections; wherein adjusting the one or more second geometric parameters includes,
determining respective second projections between respective two-dimensional coordinate locations, at the image plane of the first camera and respective two-dimensional coordinate locations at an image plane of the second camera, based upon the first matrix function and based upon a second matrix function including the second geometric parameters; and
estimating the adjusted second geometric parameters based upon a second parameter fitting process using the respective second projections. 21. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising: in a functional mode,
receiving, using the first camera, image information including a projection including an image of a 3D world object at the image plane of the first camera; and
determining a distance from the 3D world object based upon the projection at the image plane and the adjusted first geometric parameters. 22. The system of claim 1,
the operations further comprising: in a functional mode,
receiving, using the first camera, image information including a first projection including an image of a 3D world object at the image plane of the first camera;
receiving, using the second camera, image information including a second projection including an image of the 3D world object at an image plane of the second camera; and
determining a distance from the 3D world object based upon the first projection at the image plane of the first camera, the second projection at the image plane of the second camera and the adjusted first and second geometric parameters. 23. A calibration method comprising:
receiving, using a first camera, image information projected at an image plane of the first camera from a 3D world; determining based upon the image information, multiple image regions of interest (ROIs), wherein individual ones of the multiple image ROIs correspond to one or more three-dimensional (3D) world object images projected at the image plane; receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating one or more 3D world objects; determining based upon the radar information, multiple respective radar ROIs, wherein individual ones of the multiple radar ROIs correspond to one or more 3D world objects indicated by the radar information; determining based upon the radar information, respective 3D world distances corresponding to respective radar ROIs; determining multiple co-registered ROI pairs by co-registering individual image ROIs with individual radar ROIs corresponding to common 3D world objects; adjusting one or more first geometric parameters associated with the first camera, based upon the co-registered ROI pairs to produce adjusted first geometric parameters. 24. An imaging system comprising:
a memory storing instructions which, when executed by processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to perform operations comprising:
receiving first image information including an image of an object, using a first camera calibrated using a first group of photometric parameters;
determining, using the first camera, luminance information associated with the received first image information;
receiving, using a radar unit, radar information indicating an object;
determining based upon the radar information, a speed to associate with the object; and
adjusting one or more photometric parameters of the first group based upon the determined luminance information and the associated speed of the object. | 1,700 |
349,785 | 350,659 | 16,854,410 | 1,794 | Systems, methods, and devices for securely provisioning a roadside unit (RSU) that includes an application certificate, wherein the RSU is geographically restricted according to the application certificate. An enhanced SCMS system may receive a request for an application certificate for the RSU; determine, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the RSU; verify that the operating geolocation is within the allowed geo-region for the RSU; generate an application certificate that includes the operating geolocation; and provide the application certificate to the RSU device. Also provided is an application certificate that includes precise operating geolocation information, an improved application certificate provisioning request that allows the requestor to specify a precise operating geolocation, new processes for generating and providing improved application certificates having geographic-restriction information, an enhanced SCMS that performs the processes, and improved computerized devices, such as RSUs, that employ the precise, operating geolocation information from the application certificates. | 1. A method, implemented by an enhanced security credential management system (SCMS) host, for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to both the enrollment certificate and the one or more application certificates, the method comprising:
providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the request is received from the device. 4. The method according to claim 3, whereby the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geo-region is a country or a state. 8. A non-transitory computer readable media containing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform a method for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the one or more application certificates, the method comprising:
providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 9. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and
wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 10. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 9, wherein the request is received from the device. 11. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 10, wherein the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 12. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 13. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 12, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 14. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the geo-region is a country or a state. 15. A system for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the one or more application certificates, the system comprising:
one or more memories containing instructions; one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, that execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein
the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the request is received from the device. 18. The system according to claim 17, whereby the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 19. The system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the application certificate comprises two or more application certificates. 22. A system for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and an application certificate, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the application certificate, the system comprising:
one or more memories containing instructions; one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, that execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for the application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, a present operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the present operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate based on the local policy data; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the first operating geolocation area for the first period of time and the second operating geolocation area for the second period of time. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, execute the instructions to perform operations further comprising:
modifying, after the device is deployed, the local policy data; and transmitting the modified local policy data to the device. | Systems, methods, and devices for securely provisioning a roadside unit (RSU) that includes an application certificate, wherein the RSU is geographically restricted according to the application certificate. An enhanced SCMS system may receive a request for an application certificate for the RSU; determine, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the RSU; verify that the operating geolocation is within the allowed geo-region for the RSU; generate an application certificate that includes the operating geolocation; and provide the application certificate to the RSU device. Also provided is an application certificate that includes precise operating geolocation information, an improved application certificate provisioning request that allows the requestor to specify a precise operating geolocation, new processes for generating and providing improved application certificates having geographic-restriction information, an enhanced SCMS that performs the processes, and improved computerized devices, such as RSUs, that employ the precise, operating geolocation information from the application certificates.1. A method, implemented by an enhanced security credential management system (SCMS) host, for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to both the enrollment certificate and the one or more application certificates, the method comprising:
providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein
the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the request is received from the device. 4. The method according to claim 3, whereby the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the geo-region is a country or a state. 8. A non-transitory computer readable media containing instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, perform a method for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the one or more application certificates, the method comprising:
providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 9. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and
wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 10. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 9, wherein the request is received from the device. 11. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 10, wherein the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 12. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the method further comprises:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 13. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 12, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 14. The non-transitory computer readable media according to claim 8, wherein the geo-region is a country or a state. 15. A system for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and one or more application certificates, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the one or more application certificates, the system comprising:
one or more memories containing instructions; one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, that execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for an application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the operating geolocation and the subsequent geolocation of the application certificate. 16. The system according to claim 15, wherein
the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation from the request. 17. The system according to claim 16, wherein the request is received from the device. 18. The system according to claim 17, whereby the device is configured with the operating geolocation, and the device includes the operating geolocation in the request. 19. The system according to claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:
prior to receiving the request for the application certificate, receiving a request to store the operating geolocation for the device, wherein the request includes the operating geolocation for the device; and storing, in response to the request, the operating geolocation for the device; and wherein determining, in response to the request, an operating geolocation for the device comprises obtaining the operating geolocation that was stored. 20. The system according to claim 19, wherein the request to store the operating geolocation is received from a user of the device. 21. The method of claim 1, wherein the application certificate comprises two or more application certificates. 22. A system for securely provisioning a device that includes an enrollment certificate and an application certificate, wherein the device is geographically restricted according to the application certificate, the system comprising:
one or more memories containing instructions; one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, that execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: providing the enrollment certificate to the device, wherein the enrollment certificate specifies a geo-region for the device; receiving a request for the application certificate for the device; generating local policy data for the application certificate, the local policy data indicating tenant-specific data corresponding to the device, the tenant-specific data comprising application permissions, a duration of validity of the application certificate, and an overlap time period for the application certificate with a second application certificate; determining, in response to the request, a present operating geolocation for the device; verifying that the present operating geolocation is within the geo-region; generating the application certificate based on the local policy data; and providing, in response to the request, the application certificate and the local policy data to the device, whereby the device is geographically restricted according to the first operating geolocation area for the first period of time and the second operating geolocation area for the second period of time. 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors, operatively coupled to the one or more memories, execute the instructions to perform operations further comprising:
modifying, after the device is deployed, the local policy data; and transmitting the modified local policy data to the device. | 1,700 |
349,786 | 350,660 | 16,854,446 | 1,794 | A computer server includes a processor that is configured to receive an incoming authorization request that includes an original numeric value and an identification number, and locate a profile that is associated with the identification number. The located profile includes at least one adjustment criterion. The processor is configured to determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the adjustment criterion, confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value. The processor is configured to, after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server. The revised authorization request includes the identification number and the primary numeric value. | 1. A computer server comprising:
a network interface; a memory; and a processor coupled to the network interface and the memory, the memory storing processing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive an incoming authorization request via the network interface, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number;
locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and
after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server via the network interface, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 2. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 3. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 4. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the processing instructions cause the processor to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 5. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the processing instructions cause the processor to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 6. The computer server according to claim 5, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 7. The computer server according to claim 6, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to:
receive the incoming authorization request from a terminal; receive an authorization response from the authorization server via the network interface in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal via the network interface in response to the incoming authorization request. 8. A tangible non-transient computer-readable medium comprising computer processing instructions stored thereon, the computer processing instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the computer processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to:
receive an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. 15. A method of processing an authorization request comprising:
a computer server receiving an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; the computer server locating a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server determining a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server confirming that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, the computer server generating a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining comprises the computer server locating at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the locating the at least one adjustment factor comprises the computer server querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the determining comprises the computer server generating the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the evaluating comprises the computer server evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the locating a user profile comprises the computer server confirming that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the computer server generating an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and incorporating the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the computer server:
receiving an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generating an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmitting the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. | A computer server includes a processor that is configured to receive an incoming authorization request that includes an original numeric value and an identification number, and locate a profile that is associated with the identification number. The located profile includes at least one adjustment criterion. The processor is configured to determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the adjustment criterion, confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value. The processor is configured to, after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server. The revised authorization request includes the identification number and the primary numeric value.1. A computer server comprising:
a network interface; a memory; and a processor coupled to the network interface and the memory, the memory storing processing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive an incoming authorization request via the network interface, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number;
locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and
after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server via the network interface, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 2. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 3. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 4. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the processing instructions cause the processor to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 5. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the processing instructions cause the processor to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 6. The computer server according to claim 5, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 7. The computer server according to claim 6, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to:
receive the incoming authorization request from a terminal; receive an authorization response from the authorization server via the network interface in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal via the network interface in response to the incoming authorization request. 8. A tangible non-transient computer-readable medium comprising computer processing instructions stored thereon, the computer processing instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the computer processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to:
receive an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. 15. A method of processing an authorization request comprising:
a computer server receiving an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; the computer server locating a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server determining a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server confirming that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, the computer server generating a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining comprises the computer server locating at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the locating the at least one adjustment factor comprises the computer server querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the determining comprises the computer server generating the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the evaluating comprises the computer server evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the locating a user profile comprises the computer server confirming that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the computer server generating an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and incorporating the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the computer server:
receiving an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generating an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmitting the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. | 1,700 |
349,787 | 350,661 | 16,854,432 | 1,794 | A computer server includes a processor that is configured to receive an incoming authorization request that includes an original numeric value and an identification number, and locate a profile that is associated with the identification number. The located profile includes at least one adjustment criterion. The processor is configured to determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the adjustment criterion, confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value. The processor is configured to, after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server. The revised authorization request includes the identification number and the primary numeric value. | 1. A computer server comprising:
a network interface; a memory; and a processor coupled to the network interface and the memory, the memory storing processing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive an incoming authorization request via the network interface, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number;
locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and
after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server via the network interface, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 2. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 3. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 4. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the processing instructions cause the processor to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 5. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the processing instructions cause the processor to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 6. The computer server according to claim 5, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 7. The computer server according to claim 6, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to:
receive the incoming authorization request from a terminal; receive an authorization response from the authorization server via the network interface in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal via the network interface in response to the incoming authorization request. 8. A tangible non-transient computer-readable medium comprising computer processing instructions stored thereon, the computer processing instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the computer processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to:
receive an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. 15. A method of processing an authorization request comprising:
a computer server receiving an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; the computer server locating a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server determining a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server confirming that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, the computer server generating a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining comprises the computer server locating at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the locating the at least one adjustment factor comprises the computer server querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the determining comprises the computer server generating the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the evaluating comprises the computer server evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the locating a user profile comprises the computer server confirming that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the computer server generating an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and incorporating the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the computer server:
receiving an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generating an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmitting the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. | A computer server includes a processor that is configured to receive an incoming authorization request that includes an original numeric value and an identification number, and locate a profile that is associated with the identification number. The located profile includes at least one adjustment criterion. The processor is configured to determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the adjustment criterion, confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value. The processor is configured to, after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server. The revised authorization request includes the identification number and the primary numeric value.1. A computer server comprising:
a network interface; a memory; and a processor coupled to the network interface and the memory, the memory storing processing instructions which, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to:
receive an incoming authorization request via the network interface, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number;
locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion;
confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and
after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server via the network interface, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 2. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 3. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 4. The computer server according to claim 2, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the processing instructions cause the processor to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 5. The computer server according to claim 1, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the processing instructions cause the processor to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 6. The computer server according to claim 5, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 7. The computer server according to claim 6, wherein the processing instructions cause the processor to:
receive the incoming authorization request from a terminal; receive an authorization response from the authorization server via the network interface in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal via the network interface in response to the incoming authorization request. 8. A tangible non-transient computer-readable medium comprising computer processing instructions stored thereon, the computer processing instructions, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to:
receive an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; locate a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; determine a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; confirm that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, generate a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 9. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to locate at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value by evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the computer processing instructions cause the server to locate the at least one adjustment factor by querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 10. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to determine the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 11. The computer-readable medium according to claim 9, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to evaluate the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 12. The computer-readable medium according to claim 8, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the computer processing instructions cause the computer to, prior to transmitting the revised authorization request, confirm that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 13. The computer-readable medium according to claim 12, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to generate an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and to incorporate the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 14. The computer-readable medium according to claim 13, wherein the computer processing instructions cause the computer to:
receive an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generate an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmit the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. 15. A method of processing an authorization request comprising:
a computer server receiving an incoming authorization request from a terminal, the incoming authorization request including an original numeric value and an identification number; the computer server locating a user profile associated with the identification number in a token database, the located user profile including at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server determining a primary numeric value and a secondary numeric value from the original numeric value and the at least one preferred adjustment criterion; the computer server confirming that the secondary numeric value is not greater than a balance value in a loyalty points account associated with the identification number, and reduce the balance value in the loyalty points account by the secondary numeric value; and after confirming the secondary numeric value, the computer server generating a revised authorization request and transmit the revised authorization request to an authorization server, the revised authorization request including the identification number and the primary numeric value. 16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the determining comprises the computer server locating at least one adjustment factor in an adjustment database, and evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the at least one preferred adjustment criterion, wherein each said adjustment factor in the adjustment database includes at least one evaluation condition, and the locating the at least one adjustment factor comprises the computer server querying the evaluation conditions with the transaction adjustment request. 17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the determining comprises the computer server generating the primary numeric value and the secondary numeric value from the located at least one adjustment factor and the original numeric value. 18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one preferred adjustment criterion specifies one of a preference for a maximum outcome of the primary numeric value and a preference for a maximum outcome of the secondary numeric value, and the evaluating comprises the computer server evaluating the at least one located adjustment factor using the one preference. 19. The method according to claim 15, wherein the incoming authorization request includes a token cryptogram, and the locating a user profile comprises the computer server confirming that the token cryptogram was generated from the original numeric value and from a token cryptographic key uniquely associated with the identification number. 20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising the computer server generating an authorization request cryptogram from the primary numeric value and the token cryptographic key, and incorporating the authorization request cryptogram into the revised authorization request. 21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising the computer server:
receiving an authorization response from the authorization server in response to the revised authorization request; generating an authorization response cryptogram from the authorization response and the token cryptographic key; and transmitting the authorization response and the authorization response cryptogram to the terminal in response to the incoming authorization request. | 1,700 |
349,788 | 350,662 | 16,854,451 | 1,794 | A cleaning composition for sanitizing and/or disinfecting hard surfaces, comprising: a cationic biocide, surfactant and low levels of VOC solvents. The cleaning composition is adapted to clean a variety of hard surfaces without leaving behind a visible residue and creates low levels of streaking and filming on the treated surface. The cleaning composition contains less than 5% by weight of VOCs. The cleaning composition may be used alone as a liquid or spray formulation or in combination with a substrate, for example, a pre-loaded cleaning wipe. | 1. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant which includes at least one mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols or fatty acids; iii. about 0.01-3% by weight of a glycol ether solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof; iv. at least about 90% by weight of water; and v. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, additional solvents, dyes, colorants and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 2. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a buffer. 3. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 4. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant includes a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols. 5. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 6. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition includes a preservative. 7. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the glycol ether solvent includes hexyl cellosolve. 8. An article comprising the cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the cleaning composition is loaded onto a wipe. 9. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant which includes at least one mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols or fatty acids; iii. about 0.05-3% by weight of hexyl cellosolve. iv. at least about 90% by weight of water; and v. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, additional solvents, dyes, colorants and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 10. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition includes a buffer. 11. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition includes a fragrance. 12. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 13. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point of 90° F. or less. 14. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the non-ionic surfactant includes a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols. 15. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said composition includes a preservative. 16. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds, the quaternary ammonium compounds including at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride, ii. about 0.15-1.5% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant that is a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols; iii. about 0.05-3% by weight of a glycol ether selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof, iv. one or more fragrances; v. at least 90% by weight of water; and vi. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: hydrotropes, defoamers, biocide release agents, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 17. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said composition includes a buffer. 18. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said glycol ether is hexyl cellosolve. 19. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 90° F. or less. 20. An article comprising the cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein the cleaning composition is loaded onto a wipe. | A cleaning composition for sanitizing and/or disinfecting hard surfaces, comprising: a cationic biocide, surfactant and low levels of VOC solvents. The cleaning composition is adapted to clean a variety of hard surfaces without leaving behind a visible residue and creates low levels of streaking and filming on the treated surface. The cleaning composition contains less than 5% by weight of VOCs. The cleaning composition may be used alone as a liquid or spray formulation or in combination with a substrate, for example, a pre-loaded cleaning wipe.1. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant which includes at least one mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols or fatty acids; iii. about 0.01-3% by weight of a glycol ether solvent selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof; iv. at least about 90% by weight of water; and v. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, additional solvents, dyes, colorants and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 2. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a buffer. 3. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a fragrance. 4. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the non-ionic surfactant includes a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols. 5. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 6. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the composition includes a preservative. 7. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the glycol ether solvent includes hexyl cellosolve. 8. An article comprising the cleaning composition as defined in claim 1, wherein the cleaning composition is loaded onto a wipe. 9. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds; ii. about 0.001-1% by weight of at least one non-ionic surfactant which includes at least one mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols or fatty acids; iii. about 0.05-3% by weight of hexyl cellosolve. iv. at least about 90% by weight of water; and v. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: buffers, fragrances, perfumes, defoamers, hydrotropes, enzymes, bleaching agents, additional solvents, dyes, colorants and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 10. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition includes a buffer. 11. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the composition includes a fragrance. 12. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said one or more quaternary ammonium compounds comprises at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride. 13. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point of 90° F. or less. 14. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein the non-ionic surfactant includes a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols. 15. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 9, wherein said composition includes a preservative. 16. A cleaning composition consisting of:
i. about 0.01-2% by weight of one or more quaternary ammonium compounds, the quaternary ammonium compounds including at least one of n-alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride or n-alkyldimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride, ii. about 0.15-1.5% by weight of a non-ionic surfactant that is a mixed ethylene oxide/propylene oxide adduct of one or more long chain alcohols; iii. about 0.05-3% by weight of a glycol ether selected from the group consisting of: C1-10 alkyl ethers of alkylene glycols, C3-24 alkylene glycol ethers, and any mixtures or combinations thereof, iv. one or more fragrances; v. at least 90% by weight of water; and vi. optionally, one or more adjuncts selected from the group consisting of: hydrotropes, defoamers, biocide release agents, enzymes, bleaching agents, dyes, colorants, additional solvents and preservatives; and wherein the cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 95° F. or less. 17. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said composition includes a buffer. 18. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said glycol ether is hexyl cellosolve. 19. The cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein said cleaning composition has a cloud point that is 90° F. or less. 20. An article comprising the cleaning composition as defined in claim 16, wherein the cleaning composition is loaded onto a wipe. | 1,700 |
349,789 | 350,663 | 16,854,453 | 1,794 | A confocal optical system includes a light source and a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer. A first objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to allow passage of light that passes through the spinning polarizer. A microlens array member is disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive light. The microlens array member includes a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern. A second objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage of light to a sample. The optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens or microlens with filter array, and the first objective lens and a fluorescent filter cube as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of the sample. | 1. A confocal optical system comprising:
a light source including an LED or a laser configured to be activated to emit light along an optical pathway; a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer; a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light that passes through the spinning polarizer; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 2. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 3. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. 4. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. 5. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a periphery of the microlens array member defines an area ranging from approximately 10 mm×10 mm to 20 mm×20 mm. 6. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a magnification range of the confocal optical system ranges between 4× times to 10,000× times magnification. 7. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 8. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a piezo drive actuator coupled to the microlens array member to drive movement of the microlens array member. 9. An optical pathway of a confocal optical system, the optical pathway comprising:
a first objective lens, a first imaging lens, a first reducing lens, a piezo-driven microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filters arranged in an array pattern, a second objective lens, a second imaging lens, a second reducing lens, and a camera, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member is confocal to an image plane of a sample when a sample is observed with the confocal optical system. 10. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein filters of the plurality of filters of the piezo-driven microlens array member include holes, a diameter of the holes ranging from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 11. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 12. The optical pathway according to claim 11 further comprising a three-way dichroic prism beam splitter before the camera. 13. The optical pathway according to claim 9 further comprising a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from a light source passes through the spinning polarizer prior to entering the second objective lens. 14. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein light emitted from a light source passes through the second objective lens twice before reaching the camera. 15. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, a first lens on each filter on a first side of the planar layer, and a second lens on each filter on a second side of the planar layer. 16. The optical pathway according to claim 16, wherein the planar layer is formed of a fused silica material. 17. A confocal optical system in an optical pathway, the confocal optical system comprising:
a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light from a light source; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filter holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 18. The confocal optical system according to claim 17, wherein the plate of the microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, and a coating layer on a coated side of the planar layer, the coating layer allowing red light and IR light to pass therethrough, and the coated side of the planar layer facing a direction of the second objective lens. 19. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the coating layer of the plate further blocks blue light and green light. 20. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of filter holes filter red light and IR light while allowing blue light and green light to pass therethrough. | A confocal optical system includes a light source and a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer. A first objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to allow passage of light that passes through the spinning polarizer. A microlens array member is disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive light. The microlens array member includes a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern. A second objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage of light to a sample. The optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens or microlens with filter array, and the first objective lens and a fluorescent filter cube as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of the sample.1. A confocal optical system comprising:
a light source including an LED or a laser configured to be activated to emit light along an optical pathway; a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer; a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light that passes through the spinning polarizer; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 2. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 3. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. 4. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. 5. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a periphery of the microlens array member defines an area ranging from approximately 10 mm×10 mm to 20 mm×20 mm. 6. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a magnification range of the confocal optical system ranges between 4× times to 10,000× times magnification. 7. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 8. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a piezo drive actuator coupled to the microlens array member to drive movement of the microlens array member. 9. An optical pathway of a confocal optical system, the optical pathway comprising:
a first objective lens, a first imaging lens, a first reducing lens, a piezo-driven microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filters arranged in an array pattern, a second objective lens, a second imaging lens, a second reducing lens, and a camera, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member is confocal to an image plane of a sample when a sample is observed with the confocal optical system. 10. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein filters of the plurality of filters of the piezo-driven microlens array member include holes, a diameter of the holes ranging from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 11. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 12. The optical pathway according to claim 11 further comprising a three-way dichroic prism beam splitter before the camera. 13. The optical pathway according to claim 9 further comprising a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from a light source passes through the spinning polarizer prior to entering the second objective lens. 14. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein light emitted from a light source passes through the second objective lens twice before reaching the camera. 15. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, a first lens on each filter on a first side of the planar layer, and a second lens on each filter on a second side of the planar layer. 16. The optical pathway according to claim 16, wherein the planar layer is formed of a fused silica material. 17. A confocal optical system in an optical pathway, the confocal optical system comprising:
a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light from a light source; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filter holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 18. The confocal optical system according to claim 17, wherein the plate of the microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, and a coating layer on a coated side of the planar layer, the coating layer allowing red light and IR light to pass therethrough, and the coated side of the planar layer facing a direction of the second objective lens. 19. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the coating layer of the plate further blocks blue light and green light. 20. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of filter holes filter red light and IR light while allowing blue light and green light to pass therethrough. | 1,700 |
349,790 | 350,664 | 16,854,434 | 1,794 | A confocal optical system includes a light source and a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer. A first objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to allow passage of light that passes through the spinning polarizer. A microlens array member is disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive light. The microlens array member includes a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern. A second objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage of light to a sample. The optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens or microlens with filter array, and the first objective lens and a fluorescent filter cube as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of the sample. | 1. A confocal optical system comprising:
a light source including an LED or a laser configured to be activated to emit light along an optical pathway; a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer; a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light that passes through the spinning polarizer; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 2. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 3. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. 4. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. 5. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a periphery of the microlens array member defines an area ranging from approximately 10 mm×10 mm to 20 mm×20 mm. 6. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a magnification range of the confocal optical system ranges between 4× times to 10,000× times magnification. 7. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 8. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a piezo drive actuator coupled to the microlens array member to drive movement of the microlens array member. 9. An optical pathway of a confocal optical system, the optical pathway comprising:
a first objective lens, a first imaging lens, a first reducing lens, a piezo-driven microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filters arranged in an array pattern, a second objective lens, a second imaging lens, a second reducing lens, and a camera, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member is confocal to an image plane of a sample when a sample is observed with the confocal optical system. 10. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein filters of the plurality of filters of the piezo-driven microlens array member include holes, a diameter of the holes ranging from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 11. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 12. The optical pathway according to claim 11 further comprising a three-way dichroic prism beam splitter before the camera. 13. The optical pathway according to claim 9 further comprising a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from a light source passes through the spinning polarizer prior to entering the second objective lens. 14. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein light emitted from a light source passes through the second objective lens twice before reaching the camera. 15. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, a first lens on each filter on a first side of the planar layer, and a second lens on each filter on a second side of the planar layer. 16. The optical pathway according to claim 16, wherein the planar layer is formed of a fused silica material. 17. A confocal optical system in an optical pathway, the confocal optical system comprising:
a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light from a light source; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filter holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 18. The confocal optical system according to claim 17, wherein the plate of the microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, and a coating layer on a coated side of the planar layer, the coating layer allowing red light and IR light to pass therethrough, and the coated side of the planar layer facing a direction of the second objective lens. 19. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the coating layer of the plate further blocks blue light and green light. 20. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of filter holes filter red light and IR light while allowing blue light and green light to pass therethrough. | A confocal optical system includes a light source and a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer. A first objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to allow passage of light that passes through the spinning polarizer. A microlens array member is disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive light. The microlens array member includes a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern. A second objective lens is disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage of light to a sample. The optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens or microlens with filter array, and the first objective lens and a fluorescent filter cube as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of the sample.1. A confocal optical system comprising:
a light source including an LED or a laser configured to be activated to emit light along an optical pathway; a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from the light source passes through the spinning polarizer; a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light that passes through the spinning polarizer; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 2. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 3. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 5 microns. 4. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a diameter of the holes of the microlens array member ranges from about 1 micron to about 3 microns. 5. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a periphery of the microlens array member defines an area ranging from approximately 10 mm×10 mm to 20 mm×20 mm. 6. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein a magnification range of the confocal optical system ranges between 4× times to 10,000× times magnification. 7. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, wherein the at least one camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 8. The confocal optical system according to claim 1, further comprising a piezo drive actuator coupled to the microlens array member to drive movement of the microlens array member. 9. An optical pathway of a confocal optical system, the optical pathway comprising:
a first objective lens, a first imaging lens, a first reducing lens, a piezo-driven microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filters arranged in an array pattern, a second objective lens, a second imaging lens, a second reducing lens, and a camera, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member is confocal to an image plane of a sample when a sample is observed with the confocal optical system. 10. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein filters of the plurality of filters of the piezo-driven microlens array member include holes, a diameter of the holes ranging from about 1 micron to about 10 microns. 11. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the camera includes a first camera, a second camera, and a third camera, thereby providing a three-channel transmission structure. 12. The optical pathway according to claim 11 further comprising a three-way dichroic prism beam splitter before the camera. 13. The optical pathway according to claim 9 further comprising a spinning polarizer disposed in the optical pathway such the light emitted from a light source passes through the spinning polarizer prior to entering the second objective lens. 14. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein light emitted from a light source passes through the second objective lens twice before reaching the camera. 15. The optical pathway according to claim 9, wherein the piezo-driven microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, a first lens on each filter on a first side of the planar layer, and a second lens on each filter on a second side of the planar layer. 16. The optical pathway according to claim 16, wherein the planar layer is formed of a fused silica material. 17. A confocal optical system in an optical pathway, the confocal optical system comprising:
a first objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough the light from a light source; a solitary microlens array member disposed adjacent the first objective lens to receive the light that passes through the first objective lens, the microlens array member including a plate having a plurality of filter holes arranged in an array pattern; and a second objective lens disposed in the optical pathway to receive and allow passage therethrough to a sample the light that passes through the microlens array member, wherein the optical pathway is arranged such that, after reaching the sample, the light is directed back through the second objective lens, the microlens array, and the first objective lens as an emission beam to reach at least one camera which provides an image of a point on the sample. 18. The confocal optical system according to claim 17, wherein the plate of the microlens array member includes:
a planar layer, and a coating layer on a coated side of the planar layer, the coating layer allowing red light and IR light to pass therethrough, and the coated side of the planar layer facing a direction of the second objective lens. 19. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the coating layer of the plate further blocks blue light and green light. 20. The confocal optical system according to claim 18, wherein the plurality of filter holes filter red light and IR light while allowing blue light and green light to pass therethrough. | 1,700 |
349,791 | 350,665 | 16,854,465 | 1,794 | An image processing device includes a sideline detector configured to detect sidelines of boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to an image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and to acquire an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected, a rear-end edge identifying part configured to identify a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the end points acquired by the sideline detector, and a parking frame setting portion configured to identify the parking section based on the two sidelines detected by the sideline detector and the rear-end edge identified by the rear-end edge identifying part, and to set a parking frame based on the parking section. | 1. An image processing device that sets a parking frame of a parking target corresponding to a parking section for a vehicle based on an image captured by a camera mounted on the vehicle, the device comprising:
a sideline detector configured to detect sidelines that are boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to the image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and to acquire an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected; a rear-end edge identifying part configured to identify a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the end points acquired by the sideline detector; and a parking frame setting portion configured to identify the parking section based on the two sidelines detected by the sideline detector and the rear-end edge identified by the rear-end edge identifying part, and to set the parking frame based on the parking section. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to determine whether or not a virtual straight line connecting the two end points of the two sidelines is orthogonal to the two sidelines, and to identify the virtual straight line as the rear-end edge when determining that the virtual straight line is orthogonal to the two sidelines. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to determine whether or not the virtual straight line connecting the two end points is orthogonal to the two sidelines, to search a straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines around the two end points when determining that the virtual straight line is not orthogonal to the two sidelines, and to identify the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to search a straight line along the virtual straight line connecting the two end points around the two end points, and to identify the straight line as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line along the virtual straight line. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to search an extended line along the sideline ahead of the end point of one of the two sidelines, to search a straight line that is along a virtual straight line connecting an end point of the extended line and the end point of the other of the two sidelines and is orthogonal to the sidelines, and to identify the straight line as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line that is along the virtual straight line and is orthogonal to the sidelines. 6. An image processing method that sets a parking frame of a parking target corresponding to a parking section for a vehicle based on an image captured by a camera mounted on the vehicle, the method comprising:
detecting sidelines that are boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to the image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and acquiring an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected; identifying a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the acquired end points; and identifying the parking section based on the detected two sidelines and the identified rear-end edge, and setting the parking frame based on the parking section. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising determining whether or not a virtual straight line connecting the two end points of the two sidelines is orthogonal to the two sidelines, and identifying the virtual straight line as the rear-end edge when it is determined that the virtual straight line is orthogonal to the two sidelines. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising determining whether or not the virtual straight line connecting the two end points is orthogonal to the two sidelines, searching a straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines around the two end points when it is determined that the virtual straight line is not orthogonal to the two sidelines, and identifying the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines as the rear-end edge when the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines is detected. 9. The method according to claim 6, further comprising searching a straight line along the virtual straight line connecting the two end points around the two end points, and identifying the straight line as the rear-end edge when the straight line along the virtual straight line is detected. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising searching an extended line along the sideline ahead of the end point of one of the two sidelines, searching a straight line that is along a virtual straight line connecting an end point of the extended line and the end point of the other of the two sidelines and is orthogonal to the sidelines, and identifying the straight line as the rear-end edge when the straight line that is along the virtual straight line and is orthogonal to the sidelines is detected. | An image processing device includes a sideline detector configured to detect sidelines of boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to an image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and to acquire an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected, a rear-end edge identifying part configured to identify a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the end points acquired by the sideline detector, and a parking frame setting portion configured to identify the parking section based on the two sidelines detected by the sideline detector and the rear-end edge identified by the rear-end edge identifying part, and to set a parking frame based on the parking section.1. An image processing device that sets a parking frame of a parking target corresponding to a parking section for a vehicle based on an image captured by a camera mounted on the vehicle, the device comprising:
a sideline detector configured to detect sidelines that are boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to the image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and to acquire an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected; a rear-end edge identifying part configured to identify a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the end points acquired by the sideline detector; and a parking frame setting portion configured to identify the parking section based on the two sidelines detected by the sideline detector and the rear-end edge identified by the rear-end edge identifying part, and to set the parking frame based on the parking section. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to determine whether or not a virtual straight line connecting the two end points of the two sidelines is orthogonal to the two sidelines, and to identify the virtual straight line as the rear-end edge when determining that the virtual straight line is orthogonal to the two sidelines. 3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to determine whether or not the virtual straight line connecting the two end points is orthogonal to the two sidelines, to search a straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines around the two end points when determining that the virtual straight line is not orthogonal to the two sidelines, and to identify the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to search a straight line along the virtual straight line connecting the two end points around the two end points, and to identify the straight line as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line along the virtual straight line. 5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the rear-end edge identifying part is configured to search an extended line along the sideline ahead of the end point of one of the two sidelines, to search a straight line that is along a virtual straight line connecting an end point of the extended line and the end point of the other of the two sidelines and is orthogonal to the sidelines, and to identify the straight line as the rear-end edge when detecting the straight line that is along the virtual straight line and is orthogonal to the sidelines. 6. An image processing method that sets a parking frame of a parking target corresponding to a parking section for a vehicle based on an image captured by a camera mounted on the vehicle, the method comprising:
detecting sidelines that are boundary lines of parking sections next to each other in a vehicle width direction by an edge detection process to the image, each of the sidelines being a pair of a rising edge and a falling edge, and acquiring an end point of each of the sidelines at which the pair is not detected; identifying a rear-end edge of the parking section based on an end point away from the vehicle among the acquired end points; and identifying the parking section based on the detected two sidelines and the identified rear-end edge, and setting the parking frame based on the parking section. 7. The method according to claim 6, further comprising determining whether or not a virtual straight line connecting the two end points of the two sidelines is orthogonal to the two sidelines, and identifying the virtual straight line as the rear-end edge when it is determined that the virtual straight line is orthogonal to the two sidelines. 8. The method according to claim 6, further comprising determining whether or not the virtual straight line connecting the two end points is orthogonal to the two sidelines, searching a straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines around the two end points when it is determined that the virtual straight line is not orthogonal to the two sidelines, and identifying the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines as the rear-end edge when the straight line orthogonal to the two sidelines is detected. 9. The method according to claim 6, further comprising searching a straight line along the virtual straight line connecting the two end points around the two end points, and identifying the straight line as the rear-end edge when the straight line along the virtual straight line is detected. 10. The method according to claim 6, further comprising searching an extended line along the sideline ahead of the end point of one of the two sidelines, searching a straight line that is along a virtual straight line connecting an end point of the extended line and the end point of the other of the two sidelines and is orthogonal to the sidelines, and identifying the straight line as the rear-end edge when the straight line that is along the virtual straight line and is orthogonal to the sidelines is detected. | 1,700 |
349,792 | 350,666 | 16,854,444 | 1,794 | Anticancer virus particles are described. Anticancer virus particles are filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. The anticancer agent can be attached either covalently or non-covalently within the interior of the virus particle. A therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle can be administered to a subject identified as having cancer to provide a method of cancer treatment. | 1. An anticancer virus particle, comprising a filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. 2. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the plant virus particle is a filamentous plant virus particle. 3. The anticancer virus particle of claim 2, wherein the filamentous plant virus particle the Alphaflexiviridae family. 4. The anticancer virus particle of claim 2, wherein the filamentous plant virus belongs to the Potato virus X species. 5. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the plant virus particle is a rod-shaped plant virus particle. 6. The anticancer virus particle of claim 5, wherein the plant virus particle is a member of the Virgaviridae family. 7. The anticancer virus particle of claim 5, wherein the plant virus particle is a tobacco mosaic virus. 8. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the plant virus particle has been PEGylated. 9. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the anticancer agent is a cationic anticancer agent. 10. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the anticancer agent is a platinum-based anticancer agent. 11. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the anticancer agent is phenanthriplatin. 12. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the cationic anticancer agent is non-covalently encapsulated in the interior of the plant virus particle. 13. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the anticancer agent is covalently conjugated to the interior of the plant virus particle. 14. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein a targeting ligand is attached to the exterior of the plant virus particle. 15. A method of treating cancer in a subject identified as having cancer by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle, comprising a filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, or breast cancer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer virus particle is administered together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the plant virus particle is a filamentous plant virus particle. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the plant virus particle is a rod-shaped plant virus particle. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the exterior surface of the plant virus particle has been PEGylated. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer agent is a cationic anticancer agent. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cationic anticancer agent is non-covalently encapsulated in the interior of the plant virus particle. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the anticancer agent is a platinum-based anticancer agent. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the anticancer agent is phenanthriplatin. 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer agent is covalently conjugated to the interior of the plant virus particle. 26. The method of claim 15, wherein a targeting ligand is attached to the exterior of the plant virus particle. | Anticancer virus particles are described. Anticancer virus particles are filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. The anticancer agent can be attached either covalently or non-covalently within the interior of the virus particle. A therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle can be administered to a subject identified as having cancer to provide a method of cancer treatment.1. An anticancer virus particle, comprising a filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. 2. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the plant virus particle is a filamentous plant virus particle. 3. The anticancer virus particle of claim 2, wherein the filamentous plant virus particle the Alphaflexiviridae family. 4. The anticancer virus particle of claim 2, wherein the filamentous plant virus belongs to the Potato virus X species. 5. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the plant virus particle is a rod-shaped plant virus particle. 6. The anticancer virus particle of claim 5, wherein the plant virus particle is a member of the Virgaviridae family. 7. The anticancer virus particle of claim 5, wherein the plant virus particle is a tobacco mosaic virus. 8. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the exterior surface of the plant virus particle has been PEGylated. 9. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the anticancer agent is a cationic anticancer agent. 10. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the anticancer agent is a platinum-based anticancer agent. 11. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the anticancer agent is phenanthriplatin. 12. The anticancer virus particle of claim 9, wherein the cationic anticancer agent is non-covalently encapsulated in the interior of the plant virus particle. 13. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein the anticancer agent is covalently conjugated to the interior of the plant virus particle. 14. The anticancer virus particle of claim 1, wherein a targeting ligand is attached to the exterior of the plant virus particle. 15. A method of treating cancer in a subject identified as having cancer by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an anticancer virus particle, comprising a filamentous or rod-shaped plant virus particle containing an anticancer agent within the interior of the virus particle. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein the cancer is ovarian cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, or breast cancer. 17. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer virus particle is administered together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. 18. The method of claim 15, wherein the plant virus particle is a filamentous plant virus particle. 19. The method of claim 15, wherein the plant virus particle is a rod-shaped plant virus particle. 20. The method of claim 15, wherein the exterior surface of the plant virus particle has been PEGylated. 21. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer agent is a cationic anticancer agent. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the cationic anticancer agent is non-covalently encapsulated in the interior of the plant virus particle. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein the anticancer agent is a platinum-based anticancer agent. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein the anticancer agent is phenanthriplatin. 25. The method of claim 15, wherein the anticancer agent is covalently conjugated to the interior of the plant virus particle. 26. The method of claim 15, wherein a targeting ligand is attached to the exterior of the plant virus particle. | 1,700 |
349,793 | 350,667 | 16,854,437 | 1,794 | One or more devices, systems, and/or methods for presenting real-time videos of views that are obstructed are provided. For example, a first video may be received from a first camera. The first video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction. The first video is processed using a set of video parameters to generate a second video. The second video is transmitted to a display device. The second video is displayed on a display area positioned on a second side of the obstruction. A third video, comprising a real-time representation of the display area, is received. The set of video parameters are modified to generate a modified set of video parameters, based upon a comparison of the third video with the first video. The first video is processed using the modified set of parameters to generate an updated instance of the second video. | 1. A method comprising:
receiving a first real-time video that is transmitted by a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction; processing the first real-time video to generate a second real-time video; transmitting the second real-time video to a display device, wherein the second real-time video is displayed, using the display device, on a second side of the obstruction, wherein the second real-time video presents real-time driving conditions corresponding to the view opposing the first side of the obstruction; receiving a third real-time video from a second camera, wherein the third real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a second view opposing a third side of the obstruction; processing the third real-time video to generate a fourth real-time video; and responsive to determining a first set of conditions:
transmitting the fourth real-time video to the display device, wherein the fourth real-time video presents second real-time driving conditions corresponding to the second view opposing the third side of the obstruction. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
controlling a graphical user interface of a first device to display a video rating interface. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising:
displaying, using the video rating interface, a representation of a segment of the second real-time video. 4. The method of claim 3, comprising:
displaying, using the video rating interface, one or more selectable inputs. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising:
receiving one or more selections of the one or more selectable inputs. 6. The method of claim 5, comprising:
determining a rating of the segment based upon the one or more selections of the one or more selectable inputs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the generating the fourth real-time video is performed based upon the rating of the segment. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first device is the display device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the video rating interface is displayed using a display area. 10. A non-transitory machine readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions that when executed cause performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a first real-time video from a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction; receiving a third real-time video from a first device, wherein the third real-time video comprises a real-time representation of content displayed using a display device; generating a modified set of video parameters based upon a comparison of the third real-time video with the first real-time video; and processing the first real-time video using the modified set of video parameters to generate a second real-time video. 11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein:
the first device comprises a second camera facing a display area. 12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the display area is associated with the display device. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein:
the third real-time video is recorded by the second camera. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein the generating a modified set of video parameters comprises modifying a set of video parameters a plurality of instances. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein the generating a modified set of video parameters comprises modifying a set of video parameters a plurality of instances until a level of closeness between one or more parameters of the third real-time video and one or more parameters of the first real-time video is greater than a closeness threshold. 16. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and memory comprising processor-executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a first real-time video from a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of a pillar of a vehicle;
processing the first real-time video to generate a second real-time video; and
displaying the second real-time video via a display area, the display area positioned on a second side of the pillar of the vehicle. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the first camera is positioned on the first side of the pillar of the vehicle. 18. The computing device of claim 16, the operations comprising:
receiving one or more indications of heat, emanated by one or more objects associated with the first real-time video, from one or more sensors. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the second real-time video comprises representations of the heat emanated by the one or more objects. 20. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the view opposing the first side of the pillar of the vehicle corresponds to a blind spot of the vehicle. | One or more devices, systems, and/or methods for presenting real-time videos of views that are obstructed are provided. For example, a first video may be received from a first camera. The first video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction. The first video is processed using a set of video parameters to generate a second video. The second video is transmitted to a display device. The second video is displayed on a display area positioned on a second side of the obstruction. A third video, comprising a real-time representation of the display area, is received. The set of video parameters are modified to generate a modified set of video parameters, based upon a comparison of the third video with the first video. The first video is processed using the modified set of parameters to generate an updated instance of the second video.1. A method comprising:
receiving a first real-time video that is transmitted by a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction; processing the first real-time video to generate a second real-time video; transmitting the second real-time video to a display device, wherein the second real-time video is displayed, using the display device, on a second side of the obstruction, wherein the second real-time video presents real-time driving conditions corresponding to the view opposing the first side of the obstruction; receiving a third real-time video from a second camera, wherein the third real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a second view opposing a third side of the obstruction; processing the third real-time video to generate a fourth real-time video; and responsive to determining a first set of conditions:
transmitting the fourth real-time video to the display device, wherein the fourth real-time video presents second real-time driving conditions corresponding to the second view opposing the third side of the obstruction. 2. The method of claim 1, comprising:
controlling a graphical user interface of a first device to display a video rating interface. 3. The method of claim 2, comprising:
displaying, using the video rating interface, a representation of a segment of the second real-time video. 4. The method of claim 3, comprising:
displaying, using the video rating interface, one or more selectable inputs. 5. The method of claim 4, comprising:
receiving one or more selections of the one or more selectable inputs. 6. The method of claim 5, comprising:
determining a rating of the segment based upon the one or more selections of the one or more selectable inputs. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the generating the fourth real-time video is performed based upon the rating of the segment. 8. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the first device is the display device. 9. The method of claim 8, wherein:
the video rating interface is displayed using a display area. 10. A non-transitory machine readable medium having stored thereon processor-executable instructions that when executed cause performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a first real-time video from a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of an obstruction; receiving a third real-time video from a first device, wherein the third real-time video comprises a real-time representation of content displayed using a display device; generating a modified set of video parameters based upon a comparison of the third real-time video with the first real-time video; and processing the first real-time video using the modified set of video parameters to generate a second real-time video. 11. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein:
the first device comprises a second camera facing a display area. 12. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 11, wherein:
the display area is associated with the display device. 13. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 12, wherein:
the third real-time video is recorded by the second camera. 14. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein the generating a modified set of video parameters comprises modifying a set of video parameters a plurality of instances. 15. The non-transitory machine readable medium of claim 10, wherein the generating a modified set of video parameters comprises modifying a set of video parameters a plurality of instances until a level of closeness between one or more parameters of the third real-time video and one or more parameters of the first real-time video is greater than a closeness threshold. 16. A computing device, comprising:
a processor; and memory comprising processor-executable instructions that when executed by the processor cause performance of operations, the operations comprising:
receiving a first real-time video from a first camera, wherein the first real-time video comprises a real-time representation of a view opposing a first side of a pillar of a vehicle;
processing the first real-time video to generate a second real-time video; and
displaying the second real-time video via a display area, the display area positioned on a second side of the pillar of the vehicle. 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the first camera is positioned on the first side of the pillar of the vehicle. 18. The computing device of claim 16, the operations comprising:
receiving one or more indications of heat, emanated by one or more objects associated with the first real-time video, from one or more sensors. 19. The computing device of claim 18, wherein the second real-time video comprises representations of the heat emanated by the one or more objects. 20. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the view opposing the first side of the pillar of the vehicle corresponds to a blind spot of the vehicle. | 1,700 |
349,794 | 350,668 | 16,854,362 | 1,794 | A high integrity protection system includes a flow line including an inlet configured to be connected to a first source of pressure and an outlet configured to be connected to a downstream system. A first subsystem is installed on the flow line between the inlet and the outlet. A second subsystem is installed on the flow line between the inlet and the outlet, and the second subsystem is in a parallel flow configuration in relation to the first subsystem. The system includes a second source of pressure configured to be fluidically connected to the first subsystem and the second subsystem. | 1.-13. (canceled) 14. A method for safety testing of a high integrity protection system (HIPS), the method comprising:
for a flow line comprising a first subsystem and a second subsystem in a parallel flow configuration in relation to each other, providing, by a first source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the flow line; directing fluid flow from the first source of pressure through the first subsystem; and while directing fluid flow through the first subsystem:
isolating the second subsystem from the first source of pressure and the first subsystem;
providing, by a second source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the second subsystem to at least a predetermined pressure threshold value;
conducting a stroke test on the second subsystem; and
conducting a leak test on the second subsystem. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
directing fluid flow from the first source of pressure through the second subsystem; and while directing fluid flow through the second subsystem:
isolating the first subsystem from the first source of pressure and the second subsystem;
providing, by the second source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the first subsystem to at least the predetermined pressure threshold value;
conducting a stroke test on the first subsystem; and
conducting a leak test on the first subsystem. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first subsystem comprises:
a first surface safety valve (SSV);
a second SSV installed downstream of the first SSV;
a first plurality of pressure sensors installed upstream of the first SSV; and
a first logic solving processor in communication with the first plurality of pressure sensors, the first SSV, and the second SSV, the first logic solving processor configured to perform operations comprising transmitting signals to control the first SSV and the second SSV based on signals received from the first plurality of pressure sensors; and
the second subsystem comprises:
a third SSV;
a fourth SSV installed downstream of the third SSV;
a second plurality of pressure sensors installed upstream of the third SSV; and
a second logic solving processor in communication with the second plurality of pressure sensors, the third SSV, and the fourth SSV, the second logic solving processor configured to perform operations comprising transmitting signals to control the third SSV and the fourth SSV based on signals received from the second plurality of pressure sensors. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
conducting the stroke test on the first subsystem comprises:
transmitting a first close signal to close the first SSV and the second SSV based on detecting pressure in the first subsystem equal to or greater than the predetermined pressure threshold value; and
actuating a first close failure alarm based on determining that any one of the first SSV and the second SSV failed to close upon transmission of the first close signal; and
conducting the stroke test on the second subsystem comprises:
transmitting a second close signal to close the third SSV and the fourth SSV based on detecting pressure in the second subsystem equal to or greater than the predetermined pressure threshold value; and
actuating a second close failure alarm based on determining that any one of the third SSV and the fourth SSV failed to close upon transmission of the second close signal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein conducting the leak test on the first subsystem comprises:
detecting, by a first leak sensor installed directly downstream of the first SSV, a first change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the first SSV; detecting, by a second leak sensor installed directly downstream of the second SSV, a second change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the second SSV; comparing, by the first logic solving processor, the first change in fluidic pressure to a predetermined pressure differential threshold value; comparing, by the first logic solving processor, the second change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; actuating a first leak failure alarm if the first change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within a predetermined time span after the transmission of the first close signal; and actuating a second leak failure alarm if the second change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the first close signal. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein conducting the leak test on the second subsystem comprises:
detecting, by a third leak sensor installed directly downstream of the third SSV, a third change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the third SSV; detecting, by a fourth leak sensor installed directly downstream of the fourth SSV, a fourth change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the fourth SSV; comparing, by the second logic solving processor, the third change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; comparing, by the second logic solving processor, the fourth change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; actuating a third leak failure alarm if the third change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the second close signal; and actuating a fourth leak failure alarm if the fourth change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the second close signal. | A high integrity protection system includes a flow line including an inlet configured to be connected to a first source of pressure and an outlet configured to be connected to a downstream system. A first subsystem is installed on the flow line between the inlet and the outlet. A second subsystem is installed on the flow line between the inlet and the outlet, and the second subsystem is in a parallel flow configuration in relation to the first subsystem. The system includes a second source of pressure configured to be fluidically connected to the first subsystem and the second subsystem.1.-13. (canceled) 14. A method for safety testing of a high integrity protection system (HIPS), the method comprising:
for a flow line comprising a first subsystem and a second subsystem in a parallel flow configuration in relation to each other, providing, by a first source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the flow line; directing fluid flow from the first source of pressure through the first subsystem; and while directing fluid flow through the first subsystem:
isolating the second subsystem from the first source of pressure and the first subsystem;
providing, by a second source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the second subsystem to at least a predetermined pressure threshold value;
conducting a stroke test on the second subsystem; and
conducting a leak test on the second subsystem. 15. The method of claim 14, further comprising:
directing fluid flow from the first source of pressure through the second subsystem; and while directing fluid flow through the second subsystem:
isolating the first subsystem from the first source of pressure and the second subsystem;
providing, by the second source of pressure, fluidic pressure in the first subsystem to at least the predetermined pressure threshold value;
conducting a stroke test on the first subsystem; and
conducting a leak test on the first subsystem. 16. The method of claim 15, wherein:
the first subsystem comprises:
a first surface safety valve (SSV);
a second SSV installed downstream of the first SSV;
a first plurality of pressure sensors installed upstream of the first SSV; and
a first logic solving processor in communication with the first plurality of pressure sensors, the first SSV, and the second SSV, the first logic solving processor configured to perform operations comprising transmitting signals to control the first SSV and the second SSV based on signals received from the first plurality of pressure sensors; and
the second subsystem comprises:
a third SSV;
a fourth SSV installed downstream of the third SSV;
a second plurality of pressure sensors installed upstream of the third SSV; and
a second logic solving processor in communication with the second plurality of pressure sensors, the third SSV, and the fourth SSV, the second logic solving processor configured to perform operations comprising transmitting signals to control the third SSV and the fourth SSV based on signals received from the second plurality of pressure sensors. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein:
conducting the stroke test on the first subsystem comprises:
transmitting a first close signal to close the first SSV and the second SSV based on detecting pressure in the first subsystem equal to or greater than the predetermined pressure threshold value; and
actuating a first close failure alarm based on determining that any one of the first SSV and the second SSV failed to close upon transmission of the first close signal; and
conducting the stroke test on the second subsystem comprises:
transmitting a second close signal to close the third SSV and the fourth SSV based on detecting pressure in the second subsystem equal to or greater than the predetermined pressure threshold value; and
actuating a second close failure alarm based on determining that any one of the third SSV and the fourth SSV failed to close upon transmission of the second close signal. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein conducting the leak test on the first subsystem comprises:
detecting, by a first leak sensor installed directly downstream of the first SSV, a first change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the first SSV; detecting, by a second leak sensor installed directly downstream of the second SSV, a second change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the second SSV; comparing, by the first logic solving processor, the first change in fluidic pressure to a predetermined pressure differential threshold value; comparing, by the first logic solving processor, the second change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; actuating a first leak failure alarm if the first change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within a predetermined time span after the transmission of the first close signal; and actuating a second leak failure alarm if the second change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the first close signal. 19. The method of claim 18, wherein conducting the leak test on the second subsystem comprises:
detecting, by a third leak sensor installed directly downstream of the third SSV, a third change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the third SSV; detecting, by a fourth leak sensor installed directly downstream of the fourth SSV, a fourth change in fluidic pressure directly downstream of the fourth SSV; comparing, by the second logic solving processor, the third change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; comparing, by the second logic solving processor, the fourth change in fluidic pressure to the predetermined pressure differential threshold value; actuating a third leak failure alarm if the third change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the second close signal; and actuating a fourth leak failure alarm if the fourth change in fluidic pressure is greater than the predetermined pressure differential threshold value within the predetermined time span after the transmission of the second close signal. | 1,700 |
349,795 | 350,669 | 16,854,447 | 1,794 | A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural harvesting machine is provided. The feederhouse conveyor system includes a power transmitting system. The power transmitting system includes first rollers, second rollers, and power transmitting bands. The power transmitting bands are configured to each transmit power between each of the first rollers and the second rollers. The feederhouse conveyor system also includes rigid cross members, configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands, and flexible cross members configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands. The centerlines which extend through the rigid cross members and the flexible cross members are parallel. The mat attaches to the flexible cross members by a pocket in the mat through which the flexible cross members extend. | 1. A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural harvesting machine, the feederhouse conveyor system comprising:
a power transmitting system comprising a plurality of power transmitting bands; a plurality of rigid cross members comprising first ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at the first ends; and a plurality of flexible cross members comprising second ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at the second ends, wherein the plurality of flexible cross members are separate from and positioned apart from the plurality of rigid cross members along the power transmitting bands. 2. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are chains, and the first and second pluralities of rollers are sprockets configured to interface with the chains. 3. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are cogged belts or chains, and the first rollers and the second rollers are cogged pulleys, configured to interface with the cogged belts or chains. 4. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are smooth. 5. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the rigid cross members have a cross-sectional shape which is taller than a cross-sectional shape of the flexible cross members;
wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rigid cross members is at least one of generally U-shaped, generally T-shaped, angle shaped, and generally rectangular; and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the flexible cross members is generally circular. 6. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the rigid cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 7. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein some of the flexible cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and some of the flexible cross members attach near the first ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 8. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the flexible cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 9. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 3, wherein the flexible cross members are substantially spaced along the power transmitting bands a distance equal to a pitch of a cogged belt of the cogged belts or chain of the chains. 10. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, further comprising a mat configured to fill some or all spaces between adjacent flexible cross members and adjacent power transmitting bands. 11. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 10, wherein the mat and the flexible cross members are configured to create an open area at least partially rearward of a trailing edge of the rigid cross members. 12. An agricultural harvesting machine comprising:
a combine; a harvesting head assembly; and a feederhouse assembly configured to transport crop up and rearward from the harvesting head assembly to the combine, wherein the feederhouse assembly comprises:
a feederhouse floor;
a power transmitting system comprising a plurality of power transmitting bands; a plurality of rigid cross members comprising first ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at or rear the first ends; and a plurality of flexible cross members comprising second ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at or near the second ends, wherein the plurality of flexible cross members are separate from and positioned apart from the plurality of rigid cross members along the power transmitting bands. 13. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the power transmitting bands are chains, and the driving rollers are sprockets configured to interface with the chains. 14. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the power transmitting bands are cogged belts or chains, and the first and second pluralities of rollers are cogged pulleys, configured to interface with the cogged belts or chains. 15. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the bands are smooth and at least one of the power transmitting bands are cogged and configured to interface with the rigid slats and the flexible bars. 16. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rigid slats is at least one of generally U-shaped, generally T-shaped, angle shaped, and generally rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape of the flexible bars is generally circular. 17. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein some of the flexible bars attach near the first ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and some of the flexible bars attach near their ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 18. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the flexible bars attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 19. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the flexible bars attach near their ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 20. A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural machine, the feederhouse conveyor system comprising:
a power transmitting system; and at least one rigid cross member; and at least one flexible cross member, wherein the at least one flexible cross member is positioned apart from the at least one rigid cross member along the power transmitting system; wherein the rigid cross member is configured to apply a pushing force to a crop with a leading edge when driven by the power transmitting system; and wherein the flexible cross member is configured to apply a distributed load to a top of the crop. | A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural harvesting machine is provided. The feederhouse conveyor system includes a power transmitting system. The power transmitting system includes first rollers, second rollers, and power transmitting bands. The power transmitting bands are configured to each transmit power between each of the first rollers and the second rollers. The feederhouse conveyor system also includes rigid cross members, configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands, and flexible cross members configured to each attach near each end to at least one of the power transmitting bands. The centerlines which extend through the rigid cross members and the flexible cross members are parallel. The mat attaches to the flexible cross members by a pocket in the mat through which the flexible cross members extend.1. A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural harvesting machine, the feederhouse conveyor system comprising:
a power transmitting system comprising a plurality of power transmitting bands; a plurality of rigid cross members comprising first ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at the first ends; and a plurality of flexible cross members comprising second ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at the second ends, wherein the plurality of flexible cross members are separate from and positioned apart from the plurality of rigid cross members along the power transmitting bands. 2. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are chains, and the first and second pluralities of rollers are sprockets configured to interface with the chains. 3. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are cogged belts or chains, and the first rollers and the second rollers are cogged pulleys, configured to interface with the cogged belts or chains. 4. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the power transmitting bands are smooth. 5. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the rigid cross members have a cross-sectional shape which is taller than a cross-sectional shape of the flexible cross members;
wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rigid cross members is at least one of generally U-shaped, generally T-shaped, angle shaped, and generally rectangular; and wherein the cross-sectional shape of the flexible cross members is generally circular. 6. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the rigid cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 7. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein some of the flexible cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and some of the flexible cross members attach near the first ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 8. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, wherein the flexible cross members attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 9. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 3, wherein the flexible cross members are substantially spaced along the power transmitting bands a distance equal to a pitch of a cogged belt of the cogged belts or chain of the chains. 10. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 1, further comprising a mat configured to fill some or all spaces between adjacent flexible cross members and adjacent power transmitting bands. 11. The feederhouse conveyor system of claim 10, wherein the mat and the flexible cross members are configured to create an open area at least partially rearward of a trailing edge of the rigid cross members. 12. An agricultural harvesting machine comprising:
a combine; a harvesting head assembly; and a feederhouse assembly configured to transport crop up and rearward from the harvesting head assembly to the combine, wherein the feederhouse assembly comprises:
a feederhouse floor;
a power transmitting system comprising a plurality of power transmitting bands; a plurality of rigid cross members comprising first ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at or rear the first ends; and a plurality of flexible cross members comprising second ends and configured to couple with the power transmitting bands at or near the second ends, wherein the plurality of flexible cross members are separate from and positioned apart from the plurality of rigid cross members along the power transmitting bands. 13. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the power transmitting bands are chains, and the driving rollers are sprockets configured to interface with the chains. 14. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the power transmitting bands are cogged belts or chains, and the first and second pluralities of rollers are cogged pulleys, configured to interface with the cogged belts or chains. 15. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the bands are smooth and at least one of the power transmitting bands are cogged and configured to interface with the rigid slats and the flexible bars. 16. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the rigid slats is at least one of generally U-shaped, generally T-shaped, angle shaped, and generally rectangular, and the cross-sectional shape of the flexible bars is generally circular. 17. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein some of the flexible bars attach near the first ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and some of the flexible bars attach near their ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 18. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the flexible bars attach near their ends to neighboring power transmitting bands, and are positioned in a staggered pattern. 19. The agricultural harvesting machine of claim 12, wherein the flexible bars attach near their ends to outermost power transmitting bands. 20. A feederhouse conveyor system for an agricultural machine, the feederhouse conveyor system comprising:
a power transmitting system; and at least one rigid cross member; and at least one flexible cross member, wherein the at least one flexible cross member is positioned apart from the at least one rigid cross member along the power transmitting system; wherein the rigid cross member is configured to apply a pushing force to a crop with a leading edge when driven by the power transmitting system; and wherein the flexible cross member is configured to apply a distributed load to a top of the crop. | 1,700 |
349,796 | 350,670 | 16,854,449 | 1,794 | An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray is disclosed. In one example, the apparatus comprises an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first pixel and a second pixel, and a controller. The controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel. The controller is also configured for determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on a first voltage detected from the first pixel and a second voltage detected from the second pixel. The first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon. | 1. An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray, comprising:
an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first pixel and a second pixel; and a controller configured for:
determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, and determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on a first voltage detected from the first pixel and a second voltage detected from the second pixel, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured for:
obtaining a sum of an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage; and determining the energy of the single X-ray photon based on the sum. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the first pixel is associated with a first capacitor charged with the first voltage; the second pixel is associated with a second capacitor charged with the second voltage; and the sum is obtained by serially connecting the first capacitor and the second capacitor and measuring a voltage across the serially connected capacitors. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sum is obtained by numerically adding the absolute value of the first voltage and the absolute value of the second voltage. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a counter configured for registering a number of X-ray photons absorbed by the X-ray absorption layer, wherein the controller is configured for causing the number registered by the counter to increase by one, when the sum equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy of the single X-ray photon is determined when a rate of change of the first voltage and a rate of change of the second voltage are substantially zero. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when the first voltage and the second voltage start to change in a same time period. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage reach a first threshold in a same time period. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the X-ray photon is assigned to one of the first pixel and the second pixel to form an image, based on at least one of the following:
a comparison of the first voltage and the second voltage; and relative positions of the first pixel and the second pixel. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises an array of pixels. 11. A system comprising the apparatus of claim 1 and an X-ray source. 12. A system suitable for phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI), the system comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1; a second X-ray detector; and a spacer, wherein the apparatus and the second X-ray detector are spaced apart by the spacer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the apparatus and the second X-ray detector are configured for respectively capturing an image of an object simultaneously. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second X-ray detector is identical to the apparatus. 15. A system suitable for phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI), the system comprising the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured for moving to and capturing images of an object exposed to incident X-ray at different distances from the object. 16. A method comprising:
determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by a first pixel and a second pixel; detecting a first voltage from the first pixel; detecting a second voltage from the second pixel; and determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on the first voltage and the second voltage, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
obtaining a sum of an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage; and determining the energy of the single X-ray photon based on the sum. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the first pixel is associated with a first capacitor charged with the first voltage; the second pixel is associated with a second capacitor charged with the second voltage; and the sum is obtained by serially connecting the first capacitor and the second capacitor and measuring a voltage across the serially connected capacitors. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the sum is obtained by numerically adding the absolute value of the first voltage and the absolute value of the second voltage. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising increasing a count of X-ray photon incident on an X-ray absorption layer comprising the first pixel and the second pixel by one, when the sum equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the energy of the single X-ray photon is determined when a rate of change of the first voltage and a rate of change of the second voltage are substantially zero. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein carriers generated by the single X-ray photon are determined to be collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when the first voltage and the second voltage start to change in a same time period. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein carriers generated by the single X-ray photon are determined to be collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage reach a first threshold in a same time period. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the X-ray photon is assigned to one of the first pixel and the second pixel to form an image, based on at least one of the following:
a comparison of the first voltage and the second voltage; and relative positions of the two pixels. | An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray is disclosed. In one example, the apparatus comprises an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first pixel and a second pixel, and a controller. The controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel. The controller is also configured for determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on a first voltage detected from the first pixel and a second voltage detected from the second pixel. The first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon.1. An apparatus suitable for detecting X-ray, comprising:
an X-ray absorption layer comprising a first pixel and a second pixel; and a controller configured for:
determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, and determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on a first voltage detected from the first pixel and a second voltage detected from the second pixel, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured for:
obtaining a sum of an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage; and determining the energy of the single X-ray photon based on the sum. 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein:
the first pixel is associated with a first capacitor charged with the first voltage; the second pixel is associated with a second capacitor charged with the second voltage; and the sum is obtained by serially connecting the first capacitor and the second capacitor and measuring a voltage across the serially connected capacitors. 4. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sum is obtained by numerically adding the absolute value of the first voltage and the absolute value of the second voltage. 5. The apparatus of claim 2, further comprising a counter configured for registering a number of X-ray photons absorbed by the X-ray absorption layer, wherein the controller is configured for causing the number registered by the counter to increase by one, when the sum equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the energy of the single X-ray photon is determined when a rate of change of the first voltage and a rate of change of the second voltage are substantially zero. 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when the first voltage and the second voltage start to change in a same time period. 8. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the controller is configured for determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage reach a first threshold in a same time period. 9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the X-ray photon is assigned to one of the first pixel and the second pixel to form an image, based on at least one of the following:
a comparison of the first voltage and the second voltage; and relative positions of the first pixel and the second pixel. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises an array of pixels. 11. A system comprising the apparatus of claim 1 and an X-ray source. 12. A system suitable for phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI), the system comprising:
the apparatus of claim 1; a second X-ray detector; and a spacer, wherein the apparatus and the second X-ray detector are spaced apart by the spacer. 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the apparatus and the second X-ray detector are configured for respectively capturing an image of an object simultaneously. 14. The system of claim 12, wherein the second X-ray detector is identical to the apparatus. 15. A system suitable for phase-contrast X-ray imaging (PCI), the system comprising the apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus is configured for moving to and capturing images of an object exposed to incident X-ray at different distances from the object. 16. A method comprising:
determining that carriers generated by a single X-ray photon are collected by a first pixel and a second pixel; detecting a first voltage from the first pixel; detecting a second voltage from the second pixel; and determining energy of the single X-ray photon based on the first voltage and the second voltage, wherein the first voltage and the second voltage are caused by the single X-ray photon. 17. The method of claim 16, further comprising:
obtaining a sum of an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage; and determining the energy of the single X-ray photon based on the sum. 18. The method of claim 17, wherein:
the first pixel is associated with a first capacitor charged with the first voltage; the second pixel is associated with a second capacitor charged with the second voltage; and the sum is obtained by serially connecting the first capacitor and the second capacitor and measuring a voltage across the serially connected capacitors. 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the sum is obtained by numerically adding the absolute value of the first voltage and the absolute value of the second voltage. 20. The method of claim 17, further comprising increasing a count of X-ray photon incident on an X-ray absorption layer comprising the first pixel and the second pixel by one, when the sum equals or exceeds a predetermined threshold. 21. The method of claim 16, wherein the energy of the single X-ray photon is determined when a rate of change of the first voltage and a rate of change of the second voltage are substantially zero. 22. The method of claim 16, wherein carriers generated by the single X-ray photon are determined to be collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when the first voltage and the second voltage start to change in a same time period. 23. The method of claim 17, wherein carriers generated by the single X-ray photon are determined to be collected by the first pixel and the second pixel, when an absolute value of the first voltage and an absolute value of the second voltage reach a first threshold in a same time period. 24. The method of claim 16, wherein the X-ray photon is assigned to one of the first pixel and the second pixel to form an image, based on at least one of the following:
a comparison of the first voltage and the second voltage; and relative positions of the two pixels. | 1,700 |
349,797 | 350,671 | 16,854,426 | 1,794 | A treatment for symptoms of migraine and cluster headaches includes operations of providing a solution of a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) in an active mesh nebulizer, triggering the formation of a plume of particles from the active mesh nebulizer, and delivery of the plume of particles into the lungs of a patient during an inhalation process. | 1. A method of treating symptoms of migraine headache or cluster headache, comprising:
providing a solution in an active mesh nebulizer, the solution having
at least 80% by weight of water, and
a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA);
generating a plume of particles of the solution having the SRA using the active mesh nebulizer; and providing the plume of particles to a patient during inhalation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising
evaluating patient headache symptoms subsequent to directing the plume of particles into the lungs of the patient; and determining whether to provide an additional patient dose of the SRA. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein evaluating patient headache symptoms comprises:
waiting, subsequent to directing the plume of particles into a lung of the patient during inhalation, from 5 to 10 minutes. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining, based on a result of evaluating patient headache symptoms, whether to generate another plume of particles of the solution having the SRA; and generating a second plume of particles of the solution having the SRA; and directing the second plume of particles into the lungs of the patient during inhalation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRA is a solution of a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist in water. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein providing a solution having a SRA in the active mesh nebulizer further comprises providing a solution of a 5-HT1B, a 5-HT1D, or a 5-HT1F agonist in water. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein providing a solution having a 5-HT1B, a 5-HT1D, or a 5-HT1F agonist further comprises providing a SRA in the triptan family in water. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein providing a SRA in the triptan family further comprises providing a solution containing sumatriptan succinate in water. 9. A medical product, comprising:
a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) comprising a triptan medication dissolved in water, wherein the medical product has not less than 0.80 weight % of water, and wherein the SRA has a concentration of not more than 0.1996 weight % and not less than 0.01996 weight % in the medical product. 10. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the SRA comprises sumatriptan succinate. 11. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the SRA comprises one or more of rizatriptan, naratriptan, eletriptan, donitriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, and avitriptan. 12. The medical product of claim 11, wherein the weight % of the one or more of rizatriptan, naratriptan, eletriptan, donitriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, and avitriptan is not more than 0.1996 weight % and not less than 0.01996 weight %. 13. The medical product of claim 9, further comprising an inorganic salt having a solubility product (Ksp) greater than 10−6. 14. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the medical product has a pH between 2 and 7. 15. A medical product, comprising an aqueous solution of serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) having a concentration ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to about 3 mg/ml. 16. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to about 2 mg/ml. 17. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. 18. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 2 mg/ml. | A treatment for symptoms of migraine and cluster headaches includes operations of providing a solution of a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) in an active mesh nebulizer, triggering the formation of a plume of particles from the active mesh nebulizer, and delivery of the plume of particles into the lungs of a patient during an inhalation process.1. A method of treating symptoms of migraine headache or cluster headache, comprising:
providing a solution in an active mesh nebulizer, the solution having
at least 80% by weight of water, and
a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA);
generating a plume of particles of the solution having the SRA using the active mesh nebulizer; and providing the plume of particles to a patient during inhalation. 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising
evaluating patient headache symptoms subsequent to directing the plume of particles into the lungs of the patient; and determining whether to provide an additional patient dose of the SRA. 3. The method of claim 2, wherein evaluating patient headache symptoms comprises:
waiting, subsequent to directing the plume of particles into a lung of the patient during inhalation, from 5 to 10 minutes. 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising:
determining, based on a result of evaluating patient headache symptoms, whether to generate another plume of particles of the solution having the SRA; and generating a second plume of particles of the solution having the SRA; and directing the second plume of particles into the lungs of the patient during inhalation. 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the SRA is a solution of a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist in water. 6. The method of claim 5, wherein providing a solution having a SRA in the active mesh nebulizer further comprises providing a solution of a 5-HT1B, a 5-HT1D, or a 5-HT1F agonist in water. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein providing a solution having a 5-HT1B, a 5-HT1D, or a 5-HT1F agonist further comprises providing a SRA in the triptan family in water. 8. The method of claim 7, wherein providing a SRA in the triptan family further comprises providing a solution containing sumatriptan succinate in water. 9. A medical product, comprising:
a serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) comprising a triptan medication dissolved in water, wherein the medical product has not less than 0.80 weight % of water, and wherein the SRA has a concentration of not more than 0.1996 weight % and not less than 0.01996 weight % in the medical product. 10. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the SRA comprises sumatriptan succinate. 11. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the SRA comprises one or more of rizatriptan, naratriptan, eletriptan, donitriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, and avitriptan. 12. The medical product of claim 11, wherein the weight % of the one or more of rizatriptan, naratriptan, eletriptan, donitriptan, almotriptan, frovatriptan, and avitriptan is not more than 0.1996 weight % and not less than 0.01996 weight %. 13. The medical product of claim 9, further comprising an inorganic salt having a solubility product (Ksp) greater than 10−6. 14. The medical product of claim 9, wherein the medical product has a pH between 2 and 7. 15. A medical product, comprising an aqueous solution of serotonin receptor agonist (SRA) having a concentration ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to about 3 mg/ml. 16. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to about 2 mg/ml. 17. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. 18. The medical product of claim 15, wherein the aqueous solution of SRA has a concentration of sumatriptan ranging from 0.3 mg/ml to 2 mg/ml. | 1,700 |
349,798 | 350,672 | 16,854,443 | 1,794 | Increase the effective data rate of high-speed data communication. It has a memory unit, a reception signal line, and a transmission signal line capable of communicating with an external device via a control circuit and an equalizer, controllers for controlling transmission and reception of signals to and from the external device, and a correction coefficient associated with an identification information and the identification information of the external device. The control circuit sets the correction coefficient associated with the identification information to the equalizer. | 1. A communication system communicating with an external device via transmission signal lines and reception signal lines:
a memory unit capable of storing an identification information of the external device and a correction coefficient associated with the identification information; an equalizer being set the correction coefficient, and operating; and a control unit setting the correction coefficient stored in the memory unit to the equalizer. 2. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit includes a host controller controlling a transmission and a reception of signals between the external device; and wherein the host controller set a predetermined value to the equalizer as the correction coefficient, if the memory unit does not store the correction coefficient associated with the identification information. 3. The communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the host controller executes a training sequence for the equalizer, wherein in the training sequence, the host controller receives test signals and changes the correction coefficient to be set the equalizer, repeatedly, and select the correction coefficient, and wherein the selected correction coefficient by the training sequence is stored to the memory unit associated with identification information of the external device. 4. The communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the host controller includes the equalizer, wherein the equalizer receives signals from the external device via the reception signal lines, wherein the control unit further includes a control circuit setting the correction coefficient stored in the memory unit to the equalizer, and wherein the control circuit searches the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device and the identification information of a cable including the reception signal lines. 5. A control circuit receiving an identification information from external performing an authentication process, searching a correction coefficient associated with the identification information and setting the correction coefficient. 6. The control circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the control circuit associates the correction coefficient and the identification information. 7. The control circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the control circuit associates an updated correction coefficient and the identification information. 8. A equalizer adjusting received signals method, comprising:
searching an identification information of an external device coupled to external and a correction coefficient associated with the identification information; setting the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device to the equalizer; and selecting a correction coefficient by receiving test signals based on set the correction coefficient, repeatedly changing the correction coefficient of the equalizer and receiving the test signals. 9. The equalizer adjusting received signals method according to claim 8, further comprising:
setting an initial value to the equalizer, when there is not the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device. 10. The equalizer adjusting received signals method according to claim 9, further comprising:
storing the correction coefficient, which is selected, in a memory unit in associated with the identification information of the external device. | Increase the effective data rate of high-speed data communication. It has a memory unit, a reception signal line, and a transmission signal line capable of communicating with an external device via a control circuit and an equalizer, controllers for controlling transmission and reception of signals to and from the external device, and a correction coefficient associated with an identification information and the identification information of the external device. The control circuit sets the correction coefficient associated with the identification information to the equalizer.1. A communication system communicating with an external device via transmission signal lines and reception signal lines:
a memory unit capable of storing an identification information of the external device and a correction coefficient associated with the identification information; an equalizer being set the correction coefficient, and operating; and a control unit setting the correction coefficient stored in the memory unit to the equalizer. 2. The communication system according to claim 1,
wherein the control unit includes a host controller controlling a transmission and a reception of signals between the external device; and wherein the host controller set a predetermined value to the equalizer as the correction coefficient, if the memory unit does not store the correction coefficient associated with the identification information. 3. The communication system according to claim 2,
wherein the host controller executes a training sequence for the equalizer, wherein in the training sequence, the host controller receives test signals and changes the correction coefficient to be set the equalizer, repeatedly, and select the correction coefficient, and wherein the selected correction coefficient by the training sequence is stored to the memory unit associated with identification information of the external device. 4. The communication system according to claim 3,
wherein the host controller includes the equalizer, wherein the equalizer receives signals from the external device via the reception signal lines, wherein the control unit further includes a control circuit setting the correction coefficient stored in the memory unit to the equalizer, and wherein the control circuit searches the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device and the identification information of a cable including the reception signal lines. 5. A control circuit receiving an identification information from external performing an authentication process, searching a correction coefficient associated with the identification information and setting the correction coefficient. 6. The control circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the control circuit associates the correction coefficient and the identification information. 7. The control circuit according to claim 5,
wherein the control circuit associates an updated correction coefficient and the identification information. 8. A equalizer adjusting received signals method, comprising:
searching an identification information of an external device coupled to external and a correction coefficient associated with the identification information; setting the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device to the equalizer; and selecting a correction coefficient by receiving test signals based on set the correction coefficient, repeatedly changing the correction coefficient of the equalizer and receiving the test signals. 9. The equalizer adjusting received signals method according to claim 8, further comprising:
setting an initial value to the equalizer, when there is not the correction coefficient associated with the identification information of the external device. 10. The equalizer adjusting received signals method according to claim 9, further comprising:
storing the correction coefficient, which is selected, in a memory unit in associated with the identification information of the external device. | 1,700 |
349,799 | 350,673 | 16,854,439 | 1,794 | A multi-profile chat system may receive a chat request comprising a user identifier and chat data. The system may process the chat data to determine a chat profile request, a request topic, and/or a request sentiment. The system may retrieve a user profile and/or a user chat record based on the user identifier. The system may determine a chat profile based on the chat profile request, the request topic, the request sentiment, the user profile, and/or the user chat record. The system may generate a chat response based on the chat request and the chat profile. | 1-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
updating, by a chat environment, a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers; generating, by the chat environment, a first chat response based at least in part on a first chat request associated with a user identifier and a first chat profile of the plurality of chat profiles; receiving, by the chat environment, a second chat request associated with the user identifier; determining, by the chat environment, a second chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the first chat profile in response to analyzing the second chat request; and generating, by the chat environment, a second chat response based at least in part on the second chat request and the second chat profile. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that a topic of the second chat request differs from a topic of the first chat request. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that a sentiment of the second chat request differs from a sentiment of the first chat request. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that the second chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in the first chat request or an inquiry included in the first chat request. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining that the second chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the second chat response is generated further based at least in part on the first chat profile. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. 28. A system, comprising:
at least one computing device; and instructions executable by the at least one computing device, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
update a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers;
receive a chat request associated with a user identifier;
determine a chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the a previously selected chat profile for the user identifier in response to an analysis of the chat request; and
generate a chat response based at least in part on the chat request and the chat profile. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that a topic of the chat request differs from a topic of a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that a sentiment of the chat request differs from a sentiment of a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that the chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that the chat request provides additional detail regarding an inquiry included in a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one computing device to at least:
determine that the chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the chat response is generated further based at least in part on the previously selected chat profile. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 35. The system of claim 28, wherein the chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. 36. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying instructions executable by at least one computing device, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
update a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers; generate a first chat response based at least in part on a first chat request associated with a user identifier and a first chat profile of the plurality of chat profiles; receive a second chat request associated with the user identifier; determine a second chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the first chat profile in response to analyzing the second chat request; and generate a second chat response based at least in part on the second chat request and the second chat profile. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises at least one of:
determining that a topic of the second chat request differs from a topic of the first chat request; determining that a sentiment of the second chat request differs from a sentiment of the first chat request; or determining that the second chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in the first chat request or an inquiry included in the first chat request. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one computing device to at least:
determine that the second chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the second chat response is generated further based at least in part on the first chat profile. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. | A multi-profile chat system may receive a chat request comprising a user identifier and chat data. The system may process the chat data to determine a chat profile request, a request topic, and/or a request sentiment. The system may retrieve a user profile and/or a user chat record based on the user identifier. The system may determine a chat profile based on the chat profile request, the request topic, the request sentiment, the user profile, and/or the user chat record. The system may generate a chat response based on the chat request and the chat profile.1-20. (canceled) 21. A method, comprising:
updating, by a chat environment, a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers; generating, by the chat environment, a first chat response based at least in part on a first chat request associated with a user identifier and a first chat profile of the plurality of chat profiles; receiving, by the chat environment, a second chat request associated with the user identifier; determining, by the chat environment, a second chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the first chat profile in response to analyzing the second chat request; and generating, by the chat environment, a second chat response based at least in part on the second chat request and the second chat profile. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that a topic of the second chat request differs from a topic of the first chat request. 23. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that a sentiment of the second chat request differs from a sentiment of the first chat request. 24. The method of claim 21, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises determining that the second chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in the first chat request or an inquiry included in the first chat request. 25. The method of claim 21, further comprising:
determining that the second chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the second chat response is generated further based at least in part on the first chat profile. 26. The method of claim 21, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 27. The method of claim 21, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. 28. A system, comprising:
at least one computing device; and instructions executable by the at least one computing device, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
update a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers;
receive a chat request associated with a user identifier;
determine a chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the a previously selected chat profile for the user identifier in response to an analysis of the chat request; and
generate a chat response based at least in part on the chat request and the chat profile. 29. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that a topic of the chat request differs from a topic of a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 30. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that a sentiment of the chat request differs from a sentiment of a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 31. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that the chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 32. The system of claim 28, wherein the analysis of the chat request determines that the chat request provides additional detail regarding an inquiry included in a previous chat request associated with the user identifier. 33. The system of claim 28, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one computing device to at least:
determine that the chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the chat response is generated further based at least in part on the previously selected chat profile. 34. The system of claim 28, wherein the chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 35. The system of claim 28, wherein the chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. 36. A non-transitory computer-readable medium embodying instructions executable by at least one computing device, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the at least one computing device to at least:
update a plurality of chat profiles based at least in part on a machine learning analysis of user chat data associated with a plurality of user identifiers; generate a first chat response based at least in part on a first chat request associated with a user identifier and a first chat profile of the plurality of chat profiles; receive a second chat request associated with the user identifier; determine a second chat profile from the plurality of chat profiles that differs from the first chat profile in response to analyzing the second chat request; and generate a second chat response based at least in part on the second chat request and the second chat profile. 37. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein analyzing the second chat request further comprises at least one of:
determining that a topic of the second chat request differs from a topic of the first chat request; determining that a sentiment of the second chat request differs from a sentiment of the first chat request; or determining that the second chat request provides additional detail regarding an error included in the first chat request or an inquiry included in the first chat request. 38. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause the at least one computing device to at least:
determine that the second chat request corresponds to a group chat function; and wherein the second chat response is generated further based at least in part on the first chat profile. 39. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on historical user chat data associated with the user identifier. 40. The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 36, wherein the second chat profile is determined based at least in part on transaction account data associated with the user identifier. | 1,700 |
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